Date: 201812
Local time of day: 1201-1800
Location: ZZZ.Airport, US
Light: Daylight
Aircraft: B737-700
Operator: Air Carrier
Operating under: Part 121
Flight plan: IFR
Mission: Passenger
Flight phase: Taxi
ATC / advisory: Ramp ZZZ
Reporter organization: Air Carrier
Reporter function: Captain; Pilot Flying
Reporter qualification: Flight Crew Multiengine; Flight Crew Air Transport Pilot (ATP); Flight Crew Instrument
Human factors: Communication Breakdown; Situational Awareness
Second reporter function: First Officer; Pilot Not Flying
Anomaly: Deviation / Discrepancy - Procedural Published Material / Policy; Ground Event / Encounter Other / Unknown
Detector: Person Flight Crew; Person Ground Personnel
When detected: Taxi
Result: Flight Crew Returned To Gate; General Maintenance Action
Contributing factors: Human Factors
Primary problem: Human Factors

Narrative: First Officer and Captain completed the Before Pushback Checklist. Captain began to try and make contact with push crew while First Officer called for pushback clearance from Ground Control. Push clearance was received with a caution that Gate X had recently pushed; to use caution. After several attempts; the Captain was unable to communicate with push crew. A new wireless communication device was retrieved and hooked up successfully. Captain made contact with push crew; with no further problems with wireless communication. Captain and push crew exchanged company standard dialog prior to pushback. Captain instructed push crew that 'brakes are released; cleared to push; use caution for the aircraft that just pushed off of Gate X.' Push crew acknowledged. Almost immediately; the Captain and First Officer noticed the push was veering off in the direction of the other aircraft off [Gate] X. First Officer advised Captain that the aircraft was becoming uncomfortably close to the other. Seconds later; the aircraft came to a stop; just at the top of the J-line and turned at a thirty degree angle to the J-line. The First Officer suggested to Captain that we would be unable to make a turn with the other aircraft so close and due to our close proximity to ground equipment. Captain acknowledged. After a short time at a stop and with no additional communication from the push crew; the Captain and First Officer saw the aircraft off of Gate X make a turn to the right safely clearing our aircraft. As soon as the Captain saw the aircraft off [Gate] X cleared safely; he instructed the push crew to 'please push the aircraft further back and straighten the aircraft out; there is not enough room for me to make a turn out of here.' Tug driver acknowledged with an 'ok.' At this point; the First Officer had completed starting both engines. Several seconds after the 'ok' acknowledgment; the aircraft began to be towed forward and slightly to the left. Captain immediately and aggressively said to the Push Driver; 'Do not pull us forward; do not tow forward; we have both engines running.' No response was received immediately from Push Driver. However; a few seconds later; with the aircraft still moving forward; the Captain and First Officer heard push driver yelling to 'set brake; Captain set brake.' The Captain applied the aircraft brakes immediately bringing the aircraft to a safe but abrupt stop. Captain set the parking brake. Captain asked Tug Driver what the problem was; no response was received. Captain asked Tug Driver if we had a problem and what was going on; no response from Tug Driver. Captain asked Tug Driver do we have a problem; and Tug Driver responded; but neither Captain nor First Officer were able to understand what he said. Captain instructed Tug Driver to call for Ramp Supervisor immediately; again response was unintelligible by Captain and First Officer. Captain called Operations on company frequency and asked for a Ramp Supervisor to come to Gate Y immediately. A Ramp Supervisor; after several minutes; showed up to the aircraft and took over communication for the Push Driver. Captain asked what was going on. Ramp Supervisor advised Captain that the tow bar was lodged into the forward landing gear; between and under the two wheels. Captain acknowledged and began to secure the aircraft by shutting down both engines and turning off all hydraulics. Maintenance showed up to aircraft quickly without the Crew calling; Flight Crew began working with multiple maintenance people to find a solution. Captain advised passengers there was a problem during pushback and that it would be a few minutes until we could get some things sorted out. After approximately 20 minutes; Maintenance removed tow bar successfully from under gear and advised Captain the aircraft was safe to return to the gate under its own power. First Officer started number one engine after ensuring area was clear. Captain taxied the aircraft to gate without any further complications.


Second narrative: We received pushback clearance from Gate Y with instructions to 'use caution for company pushing off Gate X'. I noted that company on Gate X had already pushed back but had not yet begun to taxi. The Captain relayed our push clearance to the Tug Driver on flight intercom with the added instruction to 'use caution for Company pushing off Gate X'. The pre-pushback communication between the Captain and the Tug Driver was standard and we started our push. We were cleared to start both engines during the push. I was busy starting engines but also noticed we were being pushed at an angle and starting to drift toward Company who had previously pushed off of Gate X. I communicated my concern to the Captain that we were getting too close to company aircraft off of Gate X. At that moment; the Tug Driver stopped the push. It was my perception that we were too close to Company for either of us to move. I began to tell the Captain that we might need to shut down and be towed forward to allow Company to taxi out. At that time; Company traffic managed to taxi forward and make the turn away from us without incident. From the time we stopped to the time the Company aircraft taxied clear of us was about 10 to 20 seconds. There was no communication between the Captain and the Tug Driver during this time. At that time; the Captain told the Tug Driver that 'we don't have enough room to make the turn; I need you to push us deeper and straighten us out.' I think I heard the Tug Driver reply 'OK.' The engines were both running at idle power so we were both caught off-guard when the Tug Driver began towing us forward instead of pushing us further back. The Captain immediately told the Tug Driver; 'DON'T TOW US FORWARD; DON'T TOW US FORWARD.' That was immediately followed by someone (I think it was the Tug Driver) yelling on flight intercom; 'SET YOUR BRAKES; CAPTAIN SET YOUR BRAKES.' The Captain immediately applied toe brakes to bring the aircraft to a stop and set the parking brake; simultaneously; we heard and felt some loud; non-normal banging from the nose gear area. The Captain asked on flight intercom several times; 'What just happened?' There was no response. After about one minute there was a crowd of about 6 to 10 ramp personnel gathered around the nose gear; so the Captain made the decision to shut down both engines while removing all electric hydraulic power. Someone (not the Tug Driver) eventually got on flight intercom and told us the tow bar was wedged under and between the nose gear tires. It took about an hour of coordination with Maintenance and ramp personnel to free the tow bar; at which time we started engines and taxied back to the gate uneventfully. This was simply a case of ground crew failure to follow standard procedure and communications. Pushback Driver needs remedial training.


Synopsis: B737-700 flight crew reported deviations from SOP on pushback led to the tow bar becoming lodged into the nose gear.