dmatekenya/chichewa-machine-translation huggingface dataset:
English: Eyewitness accounts indicate that when civilians are killed in these indiscriminate attacks, whether against defended or undefended villages, children, often together with mothers and elderly people, are also killed
Chichewa: Nkhani za anthu amene anaona ndi maso zikusonyeza kuti anthu wamba akaphedwa paziwembu zosasankha zimenezi, kaya ndi midzi yotetezedwa kapena yosatetezedwa, ana, nthawi zambiri pamodzi ndi amayi ndi okalamba, nawonso amaphedwa
English: Varying numbers of civilian victims in each attack were reported to be rounded up and abducted
Chichewa: Ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana za anthu wamba pachiwembu chilichonse akuti amasonkhanitsidwa ndikubedwa
English: There can be no doubt that the war was largely one fought against civilians... I am also convinced that the war was equally savage on both sides, even if the total domination of the media by FRELIMO for the 15 years of the war has led even those most desirous of remaining objective to attribute the majority of the atrocities to RENAMO
Chichewa: Sipangakhale kukayikira kuti nkhondoyi makamaka inamenyedwa ndi anthu wamba ... Ndikukhulupiriranso kuti nkhondoyi inali yoopsa kwambiri kumbali zonse ziwiri, ngakhale kulamulira kwathunthu kwa TV ndi FRELIMO kwa zaka 15 za nkhondo yatsogolera. ngakhale omwe akufuna kukhalabe ndi cholinga chonena kuti zambiri zankhanza zidachitika ndi RENAMO
English: The people themselves were not duped: they attributed various acts of banditry and certain massacres to "RENAMO
Chichewa: Anthuwo sanapusitsidwe: amati zigawenga zosiyanasiyana ndi kuphana kwina kunachitika chifukwa cha 'RENAMO
English: FRELIMO soldiers also committed serious war crimes during the civil war. FRELIMO forced people into its employment and conscription periods often extended beyond what the law allowed
Chichewa: Asilikali a FRELIMO anachitanso ziwawa zazikulu pankhondo yapachiweniweni. FRELIMO idakakamiza anthu kulowa ntchito komanso nthawi zolembera usilikali nthawi zambiri zimapitilira zomwe lamulo limalola
English: Living in the communal villages became mandatory in certain provinces. However, in some areas, cultural norms required households to live at some distance apart from each other
Chichewa: Kukhala mmamidzi kunakhala lamulo mmadera ena mzigawomo. Komabe, m'madera ena, amayenera kukhala nyumba zotalikirana potengera chikhalidwe
English: Therefore, many people preferred living in the countryside despite the risk of RENAMO attacks
Chichewa: Chifukwa chake, anthu ambiri amakonda kukhala kumidzi ngakhale ali pachiwopsezo cha RENAMO
English: Thus people would often be forced into the communal villages at gunpoint by FRELIMO soldiers or their Zimbabwean allies
Chichewa: Nchifukwa chake anthu nthawi zambiri amakakamizika ndi mfuti kulowa m'midzi yoyandikana ndi asirikali a FRELIMO kapena anzawo aku Zimbabwe
English: I never wanted to leave my old residence and come to the communal village. Even with the war, I wanted to stay where I had my land and granaries
Chichewa: Sindinafune konse kuchoka panyumba yanga yakale ndikubwera kumudzi wamba. Ngakhale ndinkhondo, ndimafuna kukhala komwe ndinali ndi malo anga ndi nkhokwe
English: Ever since a long time ago, we never lived with so many people together in the same place
Chichewa: Kuyambira kalekale, sitinakhalepo ndi anthu ambiri pamalo amodzi
English: Everyone must live in his own yard. The Komeredes [Zimbabwean soldiers] came to my house and said that I should leave my house and go to the communal village where there were a lot of people
Chichewa: Aliyense ayenera kukhala m'bwalo lake. A Komeredes [asilikali aku Zimbabwe] anabwera kunyumba kwanga nandiuza kuti ndichoke kunyumba kwanga ndipite kumudzi komwe kunali anthu ambiri
English: I tried to refuse and then they set fire to my house, my granaries, and my fields
Chichewa: Ndinayesa kukana ndipo anatentha nyumba yanga, nkhokwe zanga, ndi minda yanga
English: They threatened me with death and they told me and my family to go forward
Chichewa: Adandiwopseza kuti andipha ndipo adandiuza ndi banja langa kuti tipite patsogolo
English: Inside the communal village we lived like pigs. It was like a yard for pigs. We were so many people living close to each other
Chichewa: Mkati mwa mudziwo tinali kukhala ngati nkhumba. Anali ngati bwalo la nkhumba. Tinali anthu ambiri okhala moyandikana
English: If someone slept with his wife everyone could listen to what they were doing. When we went to the fields or to the cemeteries to bury the dead, the soldiers had to come behind and in front of us
Chichewa: Ngati wina agona ndi mkazi wake aliyense amatha kumvera zomwe akuchita. Tikamapita kuminda kapena kumanda kukaika akufa, asilikaliwo ankayenera kubwera kumbuyo ndi kutsogolo kwathu
English: When the women went to the river to wash themselves, the soldiers had to go too and they usually saw our women naked
Chichewa: Azimayi akamapita kumtsinje kukasamba nawonso asilikali amayenera kupita ndipo nthawi zambiri ankaona akazi athu ali maliseche
English: Everything was a complete shame inside that corral. Usually to eat, we had to depend on humanitarian aid, but we never knew when it would arrive
Chichewa: Zonse zinali zamanyazi mkati mwa kholalo. Nthawi zambiri kuti tidye, tinkadalira thandizo la anthu, koma sitinkadziwa kuti lifika liti
English: It was terrible; that is why many people used to run away from the communal village to their old residences where RENAMO soldiers were, although it was also terrible there
Chichewa: Zinali zoopsa; n’chifukwa chake anthu ambiri amathawa m'mudzi yawo kupita komwe ankakhala kumene asilikali a RENAMO anali, ngakhale kumenekonso kunali koopsa
English: Rape also became a widespread practice of FRELIMO soldiers. However, it was far less frequent and lacked the systematic nature of sexual violence perpetrated by RENAMO
Chichewa: Kugwilirira unali mchitidwe wofalikira pakati pa asirikali a FRELIMO. Komabe, kunali kocheperappo komanso kosapanganika pakati pa asirikali a ngati mmene ankachitira asirikali a RENAMO
English: As part of a series of measures following independence, FRELIMO introduced "re-education camps" to which petty criminals, political opponents, and alleged anti-social elements such as prostitutes were sent, oftentimes without trial due to a lack of judges
Chichewa: Monga gawo la njira zingapo pambuyo pa ufulu wodzilamulira, FRELIMO idakhazikitsa 'misasa yophunzitsanso' komwe zigawenga zazing'ono, otsutsa ndale, komanso anthu omwe amati amadana ndi anthu monga mahule amatumizidwa, nthawi zambiri popanda kuzengedwa mlandu chifukwa chosowa oweruza
English: In 1980, President Machel visited numerous camps and ordered the release of about 2,000 detainees and closure of numerous camps, citing human rights abuses
Chichewa: Mu 1980, mtsogoleri wa dziko, Machel, adayendera misasa yambiri ndikulamula kuti akaidi pafupifupi 2,000 amasulidwe komanso kutsekedwa kwa misasa yambiri, ponena panali kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu
English: These were later described by foreign observers as "infamous centers of torture and death
Chichewa: Izi pambuyo pake zidafotokozedwa ndi owonera akunja kukhala 'malo otchuka ozunzika ndi imfa
English: It is estimated that 30,000 inmates died in these camps. The government was also accused of executing thousands of people while trying to extend its control throughout the country
Chichewa: Akuti akaidi okwana zikwi makumi atatu anafera m’misasa imeneyi. Boma lidaimbidwanso mlandu wopha anthu masauzande ambiri pomwe likuyesetsa kuwonjezera ulamuliro wake m'dziko lonselo
English: FRELIMO's new draft constitution in July 1989 paved the way for a multiparty system, and a new constitution was adopted in November 1990
Chichewa: Zolemba zatsopano za FRELIMO mu July 1989 zidatsegula njira yoyendetsera zipani zambiri, ndipo lamulo latsopano linavomerezedwa mu November 1990
English: Mozambique was now a multiparty state, with periodic elections, and guaranteed democratic rights.
Chichewa: Dziko la Mozambique tsopano linali dziko la zipani zambiri, lokhala ndi zisankho zanthawi ndi nthawi, komanso la ufulu wodzilamulira.
English: On 4 October 1992, the Rome General Peace Accords, negotiated by the Community of Sant'Egidio with the support of the United Nations, were signed in Rome between President Chissano and RENAMO leader Afonso Dhlakama, which formally took effect on 15 October 1992
Chichewa: Pa 4 October 1992, mapangano a Roma General Peace Accords, omwe adakambirana ndi Community of Sant'Egidio mothandizidwa ndi United Nations, adasainidwa ku Rome pakati pa mtsogoleri wa dziko Chissano ndi mtsogoleri wa RENAMO Afonso Dhlakama, zomwe zidayamba kugwira ntchito pa 15 October 1992
English: A UN peacekeeping force (UNOMOZ) of 7,500 arrived in Mozambique and oversaw a two-year transition to democracy
Chichewa: Ankhondi osungitsa bata a UN (UNOMOZ) okwana zikwi zisanu ndi ziwiri kudzanso mazana asanu anafika ku Mozambique ndikuyang'anira kusintha kwa ufulu wodzilamulira kwa zaka ziwiri
English: 2,400 international observers also entered the country to supervise the elections held on 27–28 October 1994
Chichewa: Oyang'anira maiko zikwi ziwiri ndi mazana anayi adalowanso mdziko muno kudzayang'anira zisankho zomwe zidachitika pa 27-28 October chaka cha 1994
English: The last UNOMOZ contingents departed in early 1995. By then out of a total population of 13-15 million at the time, the Mozambican civil war had caused about one million deaths, displaced 5.7 million internally and resulted with 1.7 million refugees
Chichewa: Magulu omaliza a UNOMOZ adachoka kumayambiriro kwa 1995. Pa nthawiyo mwa anthu okwana pakati pa ma miliyoni khumi ndiatatu kapena khumi ndiasanu, nkhondo yapachiweniweni ya ku Mozambique inapha anthu pafupifupi miliyoni imodzi, inachotsa ma miliyoni okwana asanu nkanthu kena kokwana mazana asanu ndi awiri mkati mwawo ndipo inatsala ndi okwana millioyoni imodzi ndi zikwi mazana asanu ndi awiri othawa kwawo
English: In September 2015, the country was finally declared to be free of land mines, with the last known device intentionally detonated as part of a ceremony
Chichewa: Mu September 2015, dzikolo lidalengezedwa kuti mulibe mabomba okwirira, pomwe chida chomaliza chodziwika chidaphulitsidwa mwadala monga gawo lamwambo
English: In mid-2013, after more than twenty years of peace, the RENAMO insurgency was renewed, mainly in the central and northern regions of the country
Chichewa: Pakati pa chaka cha 2013, patadutsa zaka zoposa makumi awiri zamtendere, zigawenga za RENAMO zidayambiranso, makamaka m'chigawo chapakati ndi kumpoto kwa dziko
English: On 5 September 2014, former president Armando Guebuza and the leader of RENAMO Afonso Dhlakama signed the Accord on Cessation of Hostilities, which brought the military hostilities to a halt and allowed both parties to concentrate on the general elections to be held in October 2014
Chichewa: Pa 5 September 2014, mtsogoleri wa dziko Armando Guebuza ndi mtsogoleri wa RENAMO Afonso Dhlakama adasaina Mgwirizano Wothetsa Udani, womwe udathetsa mkangano wa asirikali ndikulola kuti zipani zonse ziwiri kuti ziike chidwi pazisankho zomwe zidachitika mu October 2014
English: Yet, following the general elections, a new political crisis emerged and the country appears to be once again on the brink of violent conflict
Chichewa: Komabe, zisankho zachivomerezo zitatha, kudabuka vuto latsopano la ndale ndipo dziko likuwoneka kuti lilinso pachiwopsezo cha ziwawa
English: RENAMO does not recognise the validity of the election results, and demands the control of six provinces where they claim to have won a majority
Chichewa: Bungwe la RENAMO silikuzindikira kuti zotsatira za zisankhozo ndi zowona, ndipo likufuna kulamulira zigawo zisanu ndi chimodzi zomwe akuti zapambana kwambiri
English: On 20 January 2016, the Secretary General of RENAMO, Manuel Bissopo, was injured in a shootout, where his bodyguard died
Chichewa: Pa 20 January chaka cha 2016, mlembi wamkulu wa RENAMO, Manuel Bissopo, adavulala pakuwomberana komwe mlonda wake adamwalira
English: It was a closed-door meeting that scheduled the beginning of the previous points that would precede the meeting between the two leader
Chichewa: Udali msonkhano wachitseko womwe udakonza zoyambira mfundo zam'mbuyomu zomwe zikadatsogolere msonkhano wa atsogoleri awiriwa
English: He was the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election
Chichewa: Iye anali mtsogoleri wadziko lakuda woyamba komanso woyamba kusankhidwa pa chisankho chaufulu wodzilamulira
English: There he became involved in anti-colonial and African nationalist politics, joining the ANC in 1943 and co-founding its Youth League in 1944
Chichewa: Kumeneko adalowa nawo ndale zotsutsana ndi atsamunda ndi zadziko la Africa, ndikulowa chipani cha ANC mu 1943 ndipo adakhazikitsa bungwe la Youth League mu 1944
English: Mandela served 27 years in prison, amid growing domestic and international pressure and fears of racial civil war, he was released in 1990
Chichewa: Mandela adakhala m'ndende zaka makumi awiri kudza zisanu ndi ziwiri, pakati pa kukakamizidwa kwa mayiko ndi mayiko komanso mantha a nkhondo yapachiweniweni, adatulutsidwa mu 1990
English: Mandela and de Klerk led efforts to negotiate an end to apartheid, which resulted in the 1994 multiracial general election in which Mandela led the ANC to victory and became president
Chichewa: Mandela ndi de Klerk adatsogolera zoyesayesa zakukambirana kutha kwa tsankho, zomwe zidapangitsa chisankho cha 1994 chamitundu yosiyanasiyana pomwe Mandela adatsogolera ANC kuti apambane ndikukhala mtsogoleri wa dziko
English: Leading a broad coalition government which promulgated a new constitution, Mandela emphasised reconciliation between the country's racial groups and created the Truth and Reconciliation Commission to investigate past human rights abuses
Chichewa: Potsogolera boma la mgwirizano lomwe lidakhazikitsa lamulo latsopano, Mandela adagogomezera mgwirizano pakati pa mitundu yamitundu ya mdziko ndipo adakhazikitsa bungwe la Truth and Reconciliation Commission kuti lifufuze za kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu
English: Economically, his administration retained its predecessor's liberal framework despite his own socialist beliefs, also introducing measures to encourage land reform, combat poverty and expand healthcare services
Chichewa: Pazachuma, utsogoleri wake udasungabe machitidwe awo omasuka omwe adakhalapo kale ngakhale anali zikhulupiriro za sosholisti, adayambitsanso njira zolimbikitsira kukonzanso nthaka, kuthana ndi umphawi komanso kukulitsa ntchito zachipatala
English: He declined a second presidential term and was succeeded by his deputy, Thabo Mbeki. Mandela became an elder statesman and focused on combating poverty and HIV/AIDS through the charitable Nelson Mandela Foundation
Chichewa: Anakana kuyimanso kachiwiri ngati mtsogoleri wa dziko ndipo wachiwiri wake, Thabo Mbeki, adalowa mmalo mwake. Mandela adakhala mkulu wa boma ndipo adayang'ana kwambiri pakulimbana ndi umphawi ndi HIV/AIDS kudzera mu bungwe lachifundo la Nelson Mandela Foundation
English: Mandela was a controversial figure for much of his life. Although critics on the right denounced him as a communist terrorist and those on the far left deemed him too eager to negotiate and reconcile with apartheid's supporters, he gained international acclaim for his activism
Chichewa: Mandela anali munthu wotsutsana kwambiri kwa moyo wake wonse. Ngakhale otsutsa kumanja amamudzudzula kuti ndi zigawenga za chikomyunizimu ndipo omwe ali kumanzere kwakutali amamuona kuti anali wofunitsitsa kukambirana ndi kuyanjana ndi ochirikiza tsankho, adatchuka padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha zochita zake
English: Globally regarded as an icon of democracy and social justice, he received more than 250 honours, including the Nobel Peace Prize
Chichewa: Padziko lonse lapansi amawonedwa ngati chithunzi cha ufulu wodzilamulira ndi chilungamo cha chikhalidwe cha anthu, adalandira ulemu wopitilira 250, kuphatikiza Mphotho ya Nobel Peace
English: He is held in deep respect within South Africa, where he is often referred to by his Thembu clan name, Madiba, and described as the "Father of the Nation"
Chichewa: Iye amalemekezedwa kwambiri ku South Africa, komwe nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa ndi dzina la fuko la Thembu, Madiba, ndipo amatchulidwa kuti 'Atate wa Mtundu'
English: No one in my family had ever attended school ... On the first day of school my teacher gave each of us an English name
Chichewa: Palibe aliyense m'banja langa amene anapita kusukulu ... Pa tsiku loyamba la sukulu aphunzitsi anga anapatsa aliyense wa ife dzina la Chingerezi
English: This was the custom among Africans in those days and was undoubtedly due to the British bias of our education
Chichewa: Uwu unali mwambo wa Afirika m’masiku amenewo ndipo mosakayikira unali wokondera ku Britain pa maphunziro athu
English: That day, Miss Mdingane told me that my new name was Nelson. Why this particular name, I have no idea
Chichewa: Tsiku limenelo Abiti Mdingane anandiuza kuti dzina langa latsopano ndi Nelson. Chifukwa chiyani dzina ili, sindikudziwa
English: Mandela later stated that his early life was dominated by traditional Xhosa custom and taboo
Chichewa: Pambuyo pake Mandela adanena kuti ubwana wake unali wolamulidwa ndi chikhalidwe cha Xhosa
English: He grew up with two sisters in his mother's kraal in the village of Qunu, where he tended herds as a cattle-boy and spent much time outside with other boys
Chichewa: Anakulira ndi azichemwali ake awiri m’khola la mayi ake m’mudzi wa Qunu, komwe ankaweta ng’ombe ndipo ankakhala panja ndi anyamata ena
English: Both his parents were illiterate, but his mother, being a devout Christian, sent him to a local Methodist school when he was about seven
Chichewa: Makolo ake onse anali osaphunzira, koma amayi ake, pokhala Mkristu wodzipereka, anamtumiza kusukulu ya Methodist yakumaloko pamene anali ndi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri
English: When Mandela was about nine, his father came to stay at Qunu, where he died of an undiagnosed ailment that Mandela believed to be lung disease
Chichewa: Pamene Mandela anali ndi zaka zisanu ndi zinayi, abambo ake anabwera ku Qunu, kumene anamwalira ndi matenda omwe sanadziwike omwe Mandela amakhulupirira kuti ndi matenda a m'mapapo
English: Feeling "cut adrift", he later said that he inherited his father's "proud rebelliousness" and "stubborn sense of fairness"
Chichewa: Podzimva kukhala wodetsedwa, pambuyo pake ananena kuti anatengera ‘kupanduka konyada’ kwa atate wake ndi ‘kuuma mtima kwa chilungamo’
English: Although he did not see his mother again for many years, Mandela felt that Jongintaba and his wife Noengland treated him as their own child, raising him alongside their son, Justice, and daughter, Nomafu
Chichewa: Ngakhale kuti sanawaonenso amayi ake kwa zaka zambiri, Mandela ankaona kuti Jongintaba ndi mkazi wake Noengland ankamuona ngati mwana wawo, kumulera limodzi ndi mwana wawo wamwamuna, Justice, ndi mwana wamkazi, Nomafu
English: Intending to gain skills needed to become a privy councillor for the Thembu royal house, Mandela began his secondary education in 1933 at Clarkebury Methodist High School in Engcobo, a Western-style institution that was the largest school for black Africans in Thembuland
Chichewa: Pofuna kupeza luso lofunika kuti akhale phungu wa nyumba yachifumu ya Thembu, Mandela anayamba maphunziro ake a sekondale mchaka cha 1933 pa Clarkebury Methodist High School ku Engcobo, sukulu ya azungu yomwe inali sukulu yaikulu ya anthu akuda ku Thembuland
English: Made to socialise with other students on an equal basis, he claimed that he lost his "stuck up" attitude, becoming best friends with a girl for the first time
Chichewa: Anapangidwa kuti azicheza ndi ophunzira ena mofanana, adanena kuti anataya mtima 'wokhazikika,' kukhala bwenzi lapamtima ndi mtsikana kwa nthawi yoyamba
English: He began playing sports and developed his lifelong love of gardening. He completed his Junior Certificate in two years
Chichewa: Anayamba kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndipo anayamba kukonda kwambiri ulimi wamaluwa. Anamaliza Junior Certificate yake mzaka ziwiri
English: Earning a small wage, Mandela rented a room in the house of the Xhoma family in the Alexandra township
Chichewa: Mandela atalandira malipiro ochepa, anabwereka chipinda m'nyumba ya banja la Xhoma m'tawuni ya Alexandra
English: Despite being rife with poverty, crime and pollution, Alexandra always remained a special place for him
Chichewa: Ngakhale kuti Alexandra anali wodzala ndi umphaŵi, umbanda ndi kuipitsa chilengedwe, nthaŵi zonse anakhalabe malo apadera kwa iye
English: Although embarrassed by his poverty, he briefly dated a Swazi woman before unsuccessfully courting his landlord's daughter
Chichewa: Ngakhale adachita manyazi ndi umphawi wake, adacheza mwachidule ndi mzimayi wina wa ku Swaziland asanagone ndi mwana wamkazi wa eni nyumba yake.
English: To save money and be closer to downtown Johannesburg, Mandela moved into the compound of the Witwatersrand Native Labour Association, living among miners of various tribes
Chichewa: Kuti asunge ndalama ndikukhala pafupi ndi mzinda wa Johannesburg, Mandela anasamukira ku Witwatersrand Native Labor Association, akukhala pakati pa antchito a migodi a mafuko osiyanasiyana
English: Mandela began studying law at the University of the Witwatersrand, where he was the only black African student and faced racism
Chichewa: Mandela anayamba kuphunzira zamalamulo pa sukulu yaukachenjede ya Witwatersrand, kumene anali wophunzira yekha wakuda wa ku Africa ndipo anakumana ndi tsankho
English: Becoming increasingly politicised, Mandela Marched in August 1943 in support of a successful bus boycott to reverse fare rises
Chichewa: Pokhala wokonda ndale, Mandela adaguba mu August mchaka cha1943 poyikira kumbuyo kunyanyala kosakwera galimoto zonyamula anthu kuti asinthe kukwera kwa mtengo wa ndalama zolipira
English: At Sisulu's house, Mandela met Evelyn Mase, a trainee nurse and ANC activist from Engcobo, Transkei
Chichewa: Ku nyumba ya Sisulu, Mandela anakumana ndi Evelyn Mase, namwino wophunzitsidwa bwino komanso womenyera ufulu wa ANC wochokera ku Engcobo, Transkei
English: Entering a relationship and marrying in October 1944, they initially lived with her relatives until moving into a rented house in the township of Orlando in early 1946
Chichewa: Atapalana ubwenzi ndikukwatirana mu October 1944, adakhala ndi abale ake mpaka adasamukira m'nyumba yolipira munzinda wa Orlando koyambirira kwa 1946
English: Their first child, Madiba "Thembi" Thembekile, was born in February 1945; a daughter, Makaziwe, was born in 1947 but died of meningitis nine months later
Chichewa: Mwana wawo woyamba, Madiba 'Thembi' Thembekile, anabadwa mu February 1945; mwana wamkazi, Makaziwe, anabadwa mu 1947 koma anamwalira ndi meningitis miyezi isanu ndi inayi
English: Mandela enjoyed home life, welcoming his mother and his sister, Leabie, to stay with him
Chichewa: Mandela anasangalala ndi moyo wapakhomo, kulandira amayi ake ndi mlongo wake, Leabie, kuti azikhala naye
English: Having devoted his time to politics, Mandela failed his final year at Witwatersrand three times; he was ultimately denied his degree in December 1949
Chichewa: Atapereka nthawi yake ku ndale, Mandela adalephera chaka chake chomaliza ku Witwatersrand katatu; iye anakanidwa digiri yake mu December 1949
English: Mandela opposed the strike because it was multi-racial and not ANC-led, but a majority of black workers took part, resulting in increased police repression and the introduction of the Suppression of Communism Act, 1950, affecting the actions of all protest groups
Chichewa: Mandela adatsutsa kunyanyalako chifukwa kunali kwamitundu yambiri osati motsogozedwa ndi ANC, koma antchito ambiri akuda adatenga nawo mbali, zomwe zinachititsa kuti aziponderezedwe ndi apolisi komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa Suppression of Communism Act, 1950, zomwe zinakhudza magulu onse ochita zionetsero
English: At the ANC national conference of December 1951, he continued arguing against a racially united front, but was outvoted
Chichewa: Pamsonkhano waukulu wa ANC wa December 1951, adapitilizabe kutsutsa zosankhana mitundu pa ntchito yawo, koma adagonjetsedwa
English: Thereafter, Mandela rejected Lembede's Africanism and embraced the idea of a multi-racial front against apartheid
Chichewa: Pambuyo pake, Mandela anakana chi Afrika cha Lembede ndipo anavomereza lingaliro la mitundu yosiyanasiyana yolimbana ndi tsankho
English: Commenting on communism, he later stated that he "found [himself] strongly drawn to the idea of a classless society which, to [his] mind, was similar to traditional African culture where life was shared and communal
Chichewa: Pothirira ndemanga pa chikomyunizimu, pambuyo pake ananena kuti ‘anadzipeza [yekha] atakopeka kwambiri ndi lingaliro la chitaganya chopanda magulu chimene, m’maganizo [chake], chinali chofanana ndi chikhalidwe chamwambo cha Afirika kumene moyo unali wogaŵanika ndi wogwirizana
English: In July 1952, Mandela was arrested under the Suppression of Communism Act and stood trial as one of the 21 accused
Chichewa: Mu July 1952, Mandela anamangidwa pansi pa lamulo la Suppression of Communism Act ndipo anaimbidwa mlandu ngati mmodzi wa anthu makumi awiri ndi mmodzi omwe anaimbidwa mlandu
English: Found guilty of "statutory communism", a term that the government used to describe most opposition to apartheid, their sentence of nine months' hard labour was suspended for two years
Chichewa: Anapezeka ndi mlandu wa 'statutory communism', mawu omwe boma linkagwiritsa ntchito pofotokoza anthu ambiri otsutsa tsankho, chilango chawo chokhala ndi miyezi isanu ndi inayi chikugwira ntchito movutikira chinaimitsidwa kwa zaka ziwiri
English: In December, Mandela was given a six-month ban from attending meetings or talking to more than one individual at a time, making his Transvaal ANC presidency impractical, and during this period the Defiance Campaign petered out
Chichewa: Mu December, Mandela anapatsidwa chiletso cha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuti asapite ku misonkhano kapena kulankhula ndi anthu oposa mmodzi pa nthawi, zomwe zinapangitsa utsogoleri wake wa  ANC kukhala wosatheka, ndipo panthawiyi kukopa anthu pankhani ya makani inagwira mtima
English: Mandela obtained work as an attorney for the firm Terblanche and Briggish, before moving to the liberal-run Helman and Michel, passing qualification exams to become a full-fledged attorney
Chichewa: Mandela adapeza ntchito ngati loya wa kampani ya Terblanche and Briggish, asanasamukire ku bungwe la liberal-run Helman and Michel, kupambana mayeso kuti akhale woyimila milandu weniweni
English: In August 1953, Mandela and Tambo opened their own law firm, Mandela and Tambo, operating in downtown Johannesburg
Chichewa: Mu August 1953, Mandela ndi Tambo anatsegula kampani yawo ya zamalamulo, Mandela ndi Tambo, yomwe inkagwira ntchito mu Johannesburg
English: The only African-run law firm in the country, it was popular with aggrieved black people, often dealing with cases of police brutality
Chichewa: Kampani yokhayo yazamalamulo yoyendetsedwa ndi Africa mdziko muno, idatchuka ndi anthu akuda omwe amazunzidwa, nthawi zambiri amachitira nkhanza za apolisi
English: Disliked by the authorities, the firm was forced to relocate to a remote location after their office permit was removed under the Group Areas Act
Chichewa: Posakondwa ndi akuluakulu aboma, kampaniyo idakakamizika kusamuka kupita kumalo akutali pambuyo poti chilolezo cha ofesi yawo chidachotsedwa pansi pa Group Areas Act
English: As a result, their clientele dwindled. As a lawyer of aristocratic heritage, Mandela was part of Johannesburg's elite black middle-class, and accorded much respect from the black community
Chichewa: Zotsatira zake, makasitomala awo adachepa. Monga loya wa chikhalidwe cholemekezeka, Mandela anali m'gulu la anthu akuda apakati ku Johannesburg, ndipo adapatsidwa ulemu waukulu kuchokera kwa anthu akuda
English: Although a second daughter, Makaziwe Phumia, was born in May 1954, Mandela's relationship with Evelyn became strained, and she accused him of adultery
Chichewa: Ngakhale mwana wamkazi wachiwiri, Makaziwe Phumia, anabadwa mu May 1954, ubale wa Mandela ndi Evelyn unavuta, ndipo anamuimba mlandu wa chigololo
English: He may have had affairs with ANC member Lillian Ngoyi and secretary Ruth Mompati; various individuals close to Mandela in this period have stated that the latter bore him a child
Chichewa: Ayenera kuti adakhalapo ndi membala wa ANC Lillian Ngoyi ndi mlembi Ruth Mompati; Anthu osiyanasiyana oyandikana ndi Mandela munthawiyi anena kuti womalizayo adabereka mwana
English: We, the people of South Africa, declare for all our country and the world to know: That South Africa belongs to all who live in it, black and white, and that no government can justly claim authority unless it is based on the will of the people
Chichewa: Ife, anthu a ku South Africa, tikulengeza kuti dziko lathu lonse ndi dziko lonse lapansi lidziwe: Kuti dziko la South Africa ndi la onse okhalamo, akuda ndi oyera, komanso kuti palibe boma lomwe lingathe kudzinenera ulamuliro pokhapokha ngati likugwirizana ndi chifuniro cha anthu
English: After taking part in the unsuccessful protest to prevent the forced relocation of all black people from the Sophiatown suburb of Johannesburg in February 1955, Mandela concluded that violent action would prove necessary to end apartheid and white minority rule
Chichewa: Atatenga nawo mbali pa zionetsero zomwe sidzinaphule kanthu kuti anthu achikuda asachotsedwe mokakamizidwa ku Sophiatown mu Johanesburg mu February 1955,  Mandela anaganiza komaliza kuti ziwawa zokha zokhoza kuthandiza kuthetsa chitaganya ndi ulamuliro wa anthu azungu omwe anali ochepa
English: On his advice, Sisulu requested weaponry from the People's Republic of China, which was denied
Chichewa: Paupangiri wake, Sisulu adapempha zida ku People's Republic of China, zomwe zidakanidwa
English: Although the Chinese government supported the anti-apartheid struggle, they believed the movement insufficiently prepared for guerrilla warfare
Chichewa: Ngakhale boma la China linkathandizira nkhondo yolimbana ndi tsankho, amakhulupirira kuti gululi silinakonzekere bwino zankhondo za zigawenga
English: In March 1956, he received his third ban on public appearances, restricting him to Johannesburg for five years, but he often defied it
Chichewa: Mu March 1956, adalandira chiletso chake chachitatu kuti asawonekere pagulu, zomwe zinamuletsa kupita ku Johannesburg kwa zaka zisanu, koma nthawi zambiri ankakana
English: Mandela's marriage broke down and Evelyn left him, taking their children to live with her brother
Chichewa: Ukwati wa Mandela unatha ndipo Evelyn anamusiya, natenga ana awo kuti azikhala ndi mchimwene wake
English: Initiating divorce proceedings in May 1956, she claimed that Mandela had physically abused her; he denied the allegations and fought for custody of their children
Chichewa: Poyambitsa chisudzulo mu May 1956, adanena kuti Mandela adamuzunza; adakana zonenazo ndipo adamenyera ufulu wolera ana awo
English: She withdrew her petition of separation in November, but Mandela filed for divorce in January 1958
Chichewa: Iye anachotsa pempho lake lolekanitsidwa mu November, koma Mandela anasudzulana mu January 1958
English: The divorce was finalised in March, with the children placed in Evelyn's care
Chichewa: Chisudzulo chinatha mu March, ndipo ana anaikidwa m’manja mwa Evelyn
English: During the divorce proceedings, he began courting a social worker, Winnie Madikizela, whom he married in Bizana in June 1958
Chichewa: Pa nthawi ya chisudzulo anayamba chibwenzi ndi mkazi wina Winnie Madikizela yemwe anamukwatira ku Bizana mu June 1958
English: She later became involved in ANC activities, spending several weeks in prison
Chichewa: Pambuyo pake adayamba kuchita nawo zochitika za Anc, nakhala sabata zingapo kundende
English: In December 1956, Mandela was arrested alongside most of the ANC national executive and accused of "high treason" against the state
Chichewa: Mu December 1956, Mandela anamangidwa pamodzi ndi akuluakulu a ANC ndipo adayimbidwa mlandu wogalukira boma
English: Held in Johannesburg Prison amid mass protests, they underwent a preparatory examination before being granted bail
Chichewa: Atasungidwa ku ndende ya Johannesburg mkati mwa zionetsero mdzikomo, adafunsidwa mafunso asanatulutsidwe kuti akayembekezere milandu yawo
English: The defence's refutation began in January 1957, overseen by defence lawyer Vernon Berrangé, and continued until the case was adjourned in September
Chichewa: Kutsutsa kwa chitetezo kunayamba mu January 1957, motsogozedwa ndi loya woteteza Vernon Berrangé, ndipo zidapitilira mpaka mlanduwo udayimitsidwa mu September
English: In January 1958, Oswald Pirow was appointed to prosecute the case, and in February the judge ruled that there was "sufficient reason" for the defendants to go on trial in the Transvaal Supreme Court
Chichewa: Mu January 1958, Oswald Pirow anasankhidwa kuti azizenga mlanduwu, ndipo mu February woweruzayo anagamula kuti panali ‘chifukwa chokwanira’ choti oimbidwa mlanduwo akazengedwe mlandu ku Khoti Lalikulu la Transvaal
English: Responding to the unrest, the government implemented state of emergency measures, declaring martial law and banning the ANC and PAC
Chichewa: Pothana ndi ziwawazo, boma lidalengeza kuti pali chiopsezo cha ziwawa ndipo anakhadzikitsa lamulo loyendetsera dziko ndi ankhondo, ndikuletsa zipani za ANC ndi PAC
English: In March, they arrested Mandela and other activists, imprisoning them for five months without charge in the unsanitary conditions of the Pretoria Local prison
Chichewa: Mu mwezi wa March, adamanga Mandela ndi Othandizira ena, adawamanga kwa miyezi isanu popanda kuwayimba mlandu, ku ndende yomwe inalibe ukhondo woyenera mdera la Pretoria
English: Imprisonment caused problems for Mandela and his co-defendants in the Treason Trial; their lawyers could not reach them, and so it was decided that the lawyers would withdraw in protest until the accused were freed from prison when the state of emergency was lifted in late August 1960
Chichewa: Kutsekeredwa m’ndende kunadzetsa mavuto kwa Mandela ndi anzake omwe anali kumuzenga mlandu pa mlandu wowukira boma. owayimira pa mlandu awo sanathe kuwafikira, choncho adaganiza kuti owayimira pa mlanduwo anyanyale ngati njira yosonyeza kusakondwa kwawo mpaka oyimbidwa mlandu atamasulidwa kuchokera ku ndende pamene chiopezo cha ziwawa chinachitsedwa kumapeto kwa August mu chaka cha 1960
English: Disguised as a chauffeur, Mandela travelled around the country incognito, organising the ANC's new cell structure and the planned mass stay-at-home strike
Chichewa: Atadzibisa ngati woyendetsa galimoto, Mandela anayenda mdzikomo osazindikiridwa ndi anthu, kukhadzikitsa magulu atsopano a ANC ndikukonza kunyanyala ntchito kokhala pakhomo
English: Mandela held secret meetings with reporters, and after the government failed to prevent the strike, he warned them that many anti-apartheid activists would soon resort to violence through groups like the PAC's Poqo
Chichewa: Mandela adachita misonkhano yachinsinsi ndi atolankhani, ndipo boma litalephera kuletsa kunyanyala ntchito, adawachenjeza kuti anthu ambiri odana ndi tsankho posachedwapa adzachita ziwawa kudzera m'magulu monga a PAC Poqo
English: He believed that the ANC should form an armed group to channel some of this violence in a controlled direction, convincing both ANC leader Albert Luthuli—who was morally opposed to violence—and allied activist groups of its necessity
Chichewa: Ankakhulupirira kuti ACN iyenera kupanga gulu lina la zigawenga kuti zaupandu zina zikhale zadongosolo, anawatsimikizira atsogoleri a ANC Albert Lithuli-yemwe ankatsutsana ndi ziwawa - ndi mgwirizano wa magulu ena pazakufunikira kwake
English: Becoming chairman of the militant group, Mandela gained ideas from literature on guerrilla warfare by Marxist militants Mao and Che Guevara
Chichewa: Kukhala Wampando wa Gulu logalukira, Mandela adapeza nzeru kuchokera mmabuku a nkhondo yazigawenga omwe analembedwa ndi msilikali Mao ndi Che Guavara
English: We of Umkhonto have always sought to achieve liberation without bloodshed and civil clash
Chichewa: Ife a Umkhonto takhala tikuyesetsa kupeza ufulu popanda kukhetsa magazi ndi mikangano yapachiŵeniŵeni
English: Even at this late hour, we hope that our first actions will awaken everyone to a realization of the dangerous situation to which Nationalist policy is leading
Chichewa: Ngakhale nthawi yakumapetoyi, tikuyembekeza kuti zomwe tachita poyamba zidzadzutsa aliyense kuzindikira zoopsa zomwe ndondomeko ya Nationalist ikutsogolera
English: We hope that we will bring the Government and its supporters to their senses before it is too late so that both government and its policies can be changed before matters reach the desperate stage of civil war
Chichewa: Tikukhulupirira kuti tibweretsa Boma ndi omwe ali kumbali yake kuti azindikire bwino nthawi isanathe kuti boma ndi ndondomeko zake zisinthidwe zinthu zisanafike povuta kwambiri nkhondo yapachiweniweni
English: Operating through a cell structure, MK planned to carry out acts of sabotage that would exert maximum pressure on the government with minimum casualties
Chichewa: Kugwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka foni, MK adakonzekera kuchita zinthu za sabotage yomwe ikanakakamiza kwambiri boma ndi ovulala pang'ono
English: They sought to bomb military installations, power plants, telephone lines, and transport links at night, when civilians were not present
Chichewa: Ankafuna kuphulitsa malo ankhondo, malo opangira magetsi, matelefoni, ndi mayendedwe usiku, pomwe anthu wamba kunalibe
English: Mandela stated that they chose sabotage because it was the least harmful action, did not involve killing, and offered the best hope for racial reconciliation afterwards
Chichewa: Mandela adanena kuti adasankha chiwonongeko chifukwa chinali chosavulaza, sichinaphatikizepo kupha, ndipo adapereka chiyembekezo chabwino kwambiri chakuyanjanitsa mitundu pambuyo pake
English: He nevertheless acknowledged that should this have failed then guerrilla warfare might have been necessary
Chichewa: Sanavomereze kuti izi zikadakhala zalephera pomwepo mwina zinali zofunika kwambiri.
English: On 5 August 1962, police captured Mandela along with fellow activist Cecil Williams near Howick
Chichewa: Pa 5 August 1962, apolisi adagwira Mandela pamodzi ndi womenyera ufulu mnzake Cecil Williams pafupi ndi Howick
English: Many MK members suspected that the authorities had been tipped off with regard to Mandela's whereabouts, although Mandela himself gave these ideas little credence
Chichewa: Mamembala ambiri a MK ankakayikira kuti akuluakulu a boma adadziwitsidwa za komwe Mandela ali, ngakhale Mandela mwiniwakeyo sanakhulupirire maganizo amenewa
English: Mandela was charged with inciting workers' strikes and leaving the country without permission
Chichewa: Mandela adayimbidwa mlandu wokakamira ndikupita kudzikolo popanda chilolezo
English: Representing himself with Slovo as legal advisor, Mandela intended to use the trial to showcase "the ANC's moral opposition to racism" while supporters demonstrated outside the court
Chichewa: Kudziyimira yekha ndi a Slovo monga mlangizi walamulo, Mandela adafuna kugwiritsa ntchito mayeserowo kuti awonetse 'Anc amatsutsa zamakhalidwe a Anc' pomwe othandizira adawonetsa kunja kwa khothi
English: Moved to Pretoria, where Winnie could visit him, he began correspondence studies for a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) degree from the University of London International Programmes
Chichewa: Anasamukira ku Pretoria, kumene Winnie ankatha kumuchezera, anayamba maphunziro a makalata a Bachelor of Laws (LLB) kuchokera ku University of London International Programmes
English: His hearing began in October, but he disrupted proceedings by wearing a traditional kaross, refusing to call any witnesses, and turning his plea of mitigation into a political speech
Chichewa: Mlandu wake unayamba mu October, koma adasokoneza zomwe zidachitika povala kaross zachikhalidwe, kukana kuitana mboni, ndikusintha pempho lake loti achepetsedwe kukhala mawu andale
English: Found guilty, he was sentenced to five years' imprisonment; as he left the courtroom, supporters sang "Nkosi Sikelel iAfrika"
Chichewa: Wopezeka wolakwa, anaweruzidwa kuti akhale m'ndende zaka zisanu; Atachoka m'khothi, othandizira Sang 'NKosi Skelel Iafrika'
English: I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination
Chichewa: Ndalimbana ndi ulamuliro wa azungu, ndipo ndalimbana ndi ulamuliro wakuda
English: I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons will live together in harmony and with equal opportunities
Chichewa: Ndasimikiza za chikhalidwe cha ufulu wodzilamulira ndi ufulu momwe anthu onse azikhalira limodzi mogwirizana ndi mwayi wofanana
English: It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to see realised. But if it needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die
Chichewa: Ndilo lingaliro lomwe ndikuyembekeza kukhalamo ndikuliwona likukwaniritsidwa. Koma ngati pakufunika kutero, ndiyenera kufera
English: On 11 July 1963, police raided Liliesleaf Farm, arresting those that they found there and uncovering paperwork documenting MK's activities, some of which mentioned Mandela
Chichewa: Pa 11 July 1963, apolisi analowa m’famu ya Liliesleaf, n’kumanga anthu amene anawapeza kumeneko n’kuvumbulutsa zikalata zosonyeza ntchito za MK, zomwe zina zinatchula za Mandela
English: The Rivonia Trial began at Pretoria Supreme Court in October, with Mandela and his comrades charged with four counts of sabotage and conspiracy to violently overthrow the government
Chichewa: Mlandu wa ku Rivonia unayamba ku Khothi Lalikulu la ku Pretoria mu October, pomwe Mandela ndi amzake akuimbidwa milandu inayi yowononga komanso kukonza chiwembu chofuna kugwetsa boma mwankhanza
English: Although four of the accused denied involvement with MK, Mandela and the other five accused admitted sabotage but denied that they had ever agreed to initiate guerrilla war against the government
Chichewa: Ngakhale anayi mwa omwe akuimbidwa mlanduwo adakana kukhudzidwa ndi MK, Mandela ndi ena asanu omwe adawaimbidwa mlandu adavomereza kuti adawononga koma adakana kuti adagwirizanapo kuyambitsa nkhondo ya zigawenga ndi boma
English: They used the trial to highlight their political cause; at the opening of the defence's proceedings, Mandela gave his three-hour "I Am Prepared to Die" speech
Chichewa: Anagwiritsa ntchito mlanduwu kuti asonyeze zolinga zawo zandale; potsegulira mlandu wa chitetezo, Mandela adalankhula mawu ake a maola atatu akuti 'Ndakonzekera kufa'
English: That speech—which was inspired by Castro's "History Will Absolve Me"—was widely reported in the press despite official censorship
Chichewa: Mawu amenewo, omwe adauziridwa ndi Castro's 'History Will Absolve Me', adanenedwa kwambiri m'manyuzipepala ngakhale adawunikiridwa ndi boma
English: The trial gained international attention; there were global calls for the release of the accused from the United Nations and World Peace Council
Chichewa: Mlanduwo unapangitsa chidwi padziko lonse lapansi; mabungwe a United Nations ndi World Peace Council anayankhulapo kuti oyimbidwa mlanduwa amasulidwe
English: Justice De Wet found Mandela and two of his co-accused guilty on all four charges; although the prosecution had called for the death sentence to be applied, the judge instead condemned them to life imprisonment
Chichewa: Woweruza milandu De Wet adapeza Mandela ndi awiri mwa omwe adamuimba nawo olakwa pamilandu yonse inayi; ngakhale wozenga milandu adapempha kuti chigamulo cha imfa chitsatidwe, woweruza m'malo mwake adawaweruza kuti akakhale kundende kwa moyo wake wonse
English: In 1964, Mandela and his co-accused were transferred from Pretoria to the prison on Robben Island, remaining there for the next 18 years
Chichewa: Mu 1964, Mandela ndi omwe ananiyimbidwa nawo mlandu adasamutsidwa kuchokera ku pretoria kupita ku ndende pa Robben Island, komwe adakhala mpaka zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu zotsatira
English: Isolated from non-political prisoners in Section B, Mandela was imprisoned in a damp concrete cell measuring 8 feet, with a straw mat on which to sleep
Chichewa: Atapatulidwa ku akaidi omwe sanali a ndale mu Gawo B, Mandela anatsekeredwa m’chipinda cha makoma onyowa chotalika 8 feet, ndi mphasa yogonapo
English: Verbally and physically harassed by several white prison wardens, the Rivonia Trial prisoners spent their days breaking rocks into gravel, until being reassigned in January 1965 to work in a lime quarry
Chichewa: Atazunzidwa pomuyankhula komanso kuthupi ndi ogwira ntchito za ndende achizungu, akaidi a Rivonia Trial anakhala masiku awo akuswa miyala, mpaka pamene anatumizidwa mu January 1965 kukagwira ntchito yoswa miyala yopangira lime
English: Mandela was initially forbidden to wear sunglasses, and the glare from the lime permanently damaged his eyesight
Chichewa: Mandela adaletsedwa kuvala magalasi, ndipo kuwala kuchokera pa lime kunawononga maso ake
English: At night, he worked on his LLB degree, which he was obtaining from the University of London through a correspondence course with Wolsey Hall, Oxford, but newspapers were forbidden, and he was locked in solitary confinement on several occasions for the possession of smuggled news clippings
Chichewa: Usiku, ankachita maphunziro ake aukachenjede waza malamulo, omwe amapeza ku sukulu yaukachenjede ya London kudzera mu maphunziro olemberana makalata ndi Wolsey Hall, Oxford, koma nyuzipepala zinali zoletsedwa, ndipo anatsekeredwa m'ndende yayekha kangapo chifukwa chopezeka ndi nkhani zozembetsa zidutswa za nyuzipepala
English: He was initially classified as the lowest grade of prisoner, Class D, meaning that he was permitted one visit and one letter every six months, although all mail was heavily censored
Chichewa: Poyamba anamuika m’gulu la mkaidi wotsikitsitsa, M’kalasi D, kutanthauza kuti ankaloledwa kudzazondedwa kamodzi ndiponso kalata imodzi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse, ngakhale kuti makalata onse anali kufufuzidwa kwambiri
English: The political prisoners took part in work and hunger strikes—the latter considered largely ineffective by Mandela—to improve prison conditions, viewing this as a microcosm of the anti-apartheid struggle
Chichewa: Akaidi a ndale adatenga nawo gawo pa ntchito ndi njala - zomwe Mandela adaziwona kuti sizinagwire ntchito - kuti asinthe makhalidwe a ndende, powona izi ngati microcosm ya nkhondo yolimbana ndi tsankho
English: Initiating the "University of Robben Island", whereby prisoners lectured on their own areas of expertise, he debated socio-political topics with his comrades
Chichewa: Poyambitsa 'University of Robben Island', pomwe akaidi amakaphunzira ntchito molingana ndi maluso awo, adakambirana nkhani umoyo wa anthu pa ndale ndi anzawo
English: Various official visitors met with Mandela, most significantly the liberal parliamentary representative Helen Suzman of the Progressive Party, who championed Mandela's cause outside of prison
Chichewa: Alendo ovomerezeka osiyanasiyana anakumana ndi Mandela, makamaka woyimilira ku nyumba ya malamulo Helen Suzman wa Progressive Party, yemwe adalimbikitsa ntchito za Mandela kunja kwa ndende
English: In September 1970, he met British Labour Party politician Denis Healey. South African Minister of Justice Jimmy Kruger visited in December 1974, but he and Mandela did not get along with each other
Chichewa: Mu September 1970, adakumana ndi wandale waku Britain Labor Party a Denis Healey. Nduna Yowona Zachilungamo ku South Africa Jimmy Kruger adayendera mu December 1974, koma iye ndi Mandela sanagwirizane
English: His mother visited in 1968, dying shortly after, and his firstborn son Thembi died in a car accident the following year
Chichewa: Amayi ake adapitako mchaka cha 1968, akufa atangomwalira, ndipo mwana wake woyamba Thembi anamwalira pa ngozi ya galimoto chaka chotsatira
English: Mandela was forbidden from attending either funeral. His wife was rarely able to see him, being regularly imprisoned for political activity, and his daughters first visited in December 1975
Chichewa: Mandela adaletsedwa kupita kumaliro aliwonse. Mkazi wake sanali wokhoza kumuwona, akumatsekeredwa m’ndende nthaŵi zonse chifukwa cha ndale, ndipo ana ake aakazi anafika koyamba mu December 1975
English: Winnie was released from prison in 1977 but was forcibly settled in Brandfort and remained unable to see him
Chichewa: Winnie anatuluka m’ndende mu 1977 koma anakhazikika ku Brandfort mokakamizika ndipo analephera kuonana naye