dmatekenya/chichewa-machine-translation huggingface dataset:
English: Identification of lead farmers to participate in the school. Launching of farm business school. Facilitation and participation in FBS for a specified duration depending on type of chosen model enterprise under learning. Graduation of FBS lead farmers.
Chichewa: Kupeza alimi achitsanzo kuti adzitenga mbali ku sukulu. Kukhadzikitsa sukulu yamalonda ya alimi. Kuphunzitsa komanso kutenga mbali ku sukulu yamalonda ya alimi kwa nthawi yoyikika potengera mtundu wa ntchito zomwe anthu akuphunzira. Kumaliza maphunziro kwa alimi achitsanzo ku sukulu yamalonda ya alimi
English: Lead farmers plan to train fellow farmers on market-oriented farm business planning and even establish Farm Business Schools in their areas
Chichewa: Alimi achitsanzo akonze ndondomeko zophunzitsa alimi anzawo pa kukonza ndondomeko za ulimi ngati malonda ndi kukhazikitsa sukulu zamalonda za ulimi mmadera awo
English: Malawi has been chronically affected by Malnutrition for decades identified as stunting (short for age) wasting and underweight
Chichewa: Kwanthawi yayitali Malawi wakhuzidwa ndi kunyentchera   kwa zakazaka koma kumadziwika ndi kupinimbira msinkhu, kuwonda ndi kupepuka kwa matupi
English: Further, micronutrient deficiencies, anemia, iodine deficiency disorders (such as goiter, cretinism and cognitive development) and vitamin A deficiency disorders (night blindness, xerophthalmia) have been a problem too
Chichewa: Kuonjezera apa, kuchepa kwa michere, kuchepa magazi, mavuto a kuchepa kwa iodine monga kutupa pakhosi, kukula kwa mutu ndi kupelewera nzeru komanso mavuto akuchepa kwa vitamin A monga ng'ala zakhala zili vuto
English: Poor nutritional status and poor diets with the advent of the HIV pandemic further worsens the malnutrition situation
Chichewa: Kusadya zakudya zamagulu komanso zakudya zosakwanira kamba ka mlili wa HIV zaonjezera mavuto a kunyentchera
English: The Food and Nutrition programme provides advisory services on food and nutrition to ensure that farmers diversify production and diets to ensure good nutrition and health
Chichewa: Ntchito za zakudya komanso kadyedwe kopatsa thanzi zimapeleka upangiri pa zakudya komanso kadyedwe koyenera poonetsetsa kuti alimi akulima zinthu zosiyanasiyana komanso ali ndi zakudya zosiyanasiyana kuti akhale athanzi ndi umoyo wabwino
English: Promoting production of a variety of high nutritive value foods, emphasizing on alternative staple foods; crops, livestock and fisheries
Chichewa: Kulimbikitsa kulima zakudya zopatsa thanzi zambiri, kutsindika pakasinthasintha wa zakudya zodalirika, mbeu, ziweto ndi nsomba
English: Promoting dietary diversification through encouraging consumption of diversified high nutritive value foods on a regular basis
Chichewa: Kupititsa patsogolo zakudya zopatsa thanzi pakulimbikitsa madyedwe a zakudya zakasinthasintha zopatsa kwambiri thanzi pafupipafupi
English: Improving dietary quality for vulnerable groups (the sick, the elderly, pregnant women, lactating mothers, children with special focus on under two years (with special 1000 days) for optimal growth and development and people living with HIVand AIDS)
Chichewa: Kukonza zakudya zabwino za anthu ovutika monga odwalika, okalamba, amayi apakati, amayi oyamwitsa, ana makamaka omwe sanakwanitse zaka ziwiri makamaka pamasiku 1000 oyambilira kuti adzikula mwachangu komanso kwa anthu omwe ali ndi HIV ndi EDZI
English: Increasing the consumption of micronutrient rich foods such as fruits, vegetables, small stock, use of vitamin A fortified sugar and use of iodized salt, to reduce Vitamin A, Iron and Iodine deficiencies
Chichewa: Kuchulutsa kudya zakudya zokhala ndi michere yambiri monga zipatso, masamba, nyama zing'onozing'ono, kugwiritsa ntchito shuga wolimbitsidwa ndi vitamin A, mchere wa iodine, kuti muchepetse kupelewera kwa Vitamin A ndi iodine
English: Promote proper processing, preservation, storage and utilization of locally available and home grown foods.
Chichewa: Limbikitsani kukonza zakudya, kusamala kuti zikhalitse, kusunga, kugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zachilengedwe komanso zolima pakhomo
English: Intensify Nutrition Education. Some of the measures to achieve consumption of a variety of micronutrient rich foods at household level is by encouraging households practice Integrated Homestead Farming (IHF)
Chichewa: Wirikizani maphunziro a kadyedwe kathanzi. Zina mwa njira zokwaniritsa kadyedwe ka zakudya zokhala ndi michere yambiri pakhomo ndi kulimbikitsa mabanja kuchita ulimi wakasakaniza wapakhomo
English: IHF is the growing of diversified crops and rearing of small stock and or aquaculture around the home for improving food security and nutrition
Chichewa: Ulimi wakasakaniza wapakhomo ndi kubzala mbeu ndi kuweta ziweto zing'onozing'ono komanso kuweta nsomba pakhomo kuti ziwonjezere kudzidalira pa chakudya ndi zakudya zathanzi
English: IHF provides simple food-based approaches to resolving nutrient deficiencies through successful establishment and management of integrated farming at household, institutional and community settings
Chichewa: Ulimi wakasakaniza wapakhomo umapeleka njira zosavuta yopezera zakudya kuti tithane ndi mavuto a kunyentchera  pokhazikitsa  ndi kusamala kalimidwe kakasakaniza pakhomo, mmagulu ndi mmudzi
English: IHF can be practiced at structures such as model villages, schools and nutrition rehabilitation units (NRUs)
Chichewa: Ulimi wakasakaniza wapakhomo ungachitike kudzera mmagawo monga midzi yachitsanzo, mmasukulu ndi mzipatala zobwezeretsa thanzi mthupi
English: Components of Integrated Homestead Farming (IHF) includes planning food and nutrition education programs for communities, food and nutrition, vegetable and fruits production, small stocks production and aquaculture
Chichewa: Mu ulimi wakasakaniza wapakhomo muli kakonzedwe kandondomeko za maphunziro a zakudya komanso kadyedwe kathanzi kumudzi, zakudya komanso thanzi, ulimi wa masamba ndi zipatso, ulimi wa ziweto zing'onozing'ono ndi nsomba
English: Food and Nutrition Education-This is desirable to provide the information needed by communities and families so that they understand their own food and nutrition issues and take appropriate preventative and corrective actions
Chichewa: Maphunziro a zakudya ndi kadyedwe kathanzi-Nkofunika kupeleka mauthenga amene anthu ndi mabanja mmidzi akuwafuna kuti amvetse mavuto awo pa zakudya ndi kadyedwe kanthanzi ndikuchitapo kanthu kupewa komanso kukonza mavutowa
English: Nutrition education should be used as a tool to increase household food security, improve the utilization of food in the home so that available food resources result in improved nutrition status
Chichewa: Maphunziro a kadyedwe kathanzi agwiritsidwe ngati chida powonjezera kudzidalira pachakudya pakhomo, kukweza kagwiritsidwe ntchito kazakudya pakhomo ndi cholinga chakuti zakudya zomwe ali nazo zibweretse kusintha kwa thanzi
English: The following need to be taken into account in implementing nutrition education programmes: Extension staff (both females and males) should involve both men and women farmers in food and nutrition programmes, and that food and nutrition should be part and parcel of all agricultural programmes and projects
Chichewa: Zinthu izi zigwiritsidwe ntchito pochita maphunziro a kadyedwe kathanzi: Alangizi a akazi ndi amuna omwe agwire ntchito ndi alimi a akazi ndi amuna pogwira ntchito za zakudya ndi kadywedwe kathanzi, ndipo kuti zakudya ndi kadywedwe kathanzi zikhale gawo la ntchito zonse zaulimi
English: Make sure that diseases are prevented at both household and community levels at all times. The target population should understand the importance of using safe water, sanitation, hygiene, health services, and regular monitoring of growth through under five and antenatal clinics to correct growth failure when it occurs and receive prompt treatment for common infections; and diseases
Chichewa: Onetsetsani kuti matenda akupewedwa pakhomo ndi mmudzi nthawi zonse. Anthu okhuzidwa amvetse kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito madzi aukhondo, atsatire njira zaukhondo, alandire thandizo lachipatala ndi kuunika kakulidwe ka ana omwe sanakwanitse zaka zisanu zakubadwa ndi zipatala za amayi oyembekezera kuti akakonze kusakula kwa ana pamene zatero ndi kulandira mwachangu thandizo pa matenda wamba ndi matenda ena
English: Extension staff should devise mechanisms to ensure that households grow improved varieties of crops to realize high yields and incomes
Chichewa: Alangizi apeze njira zoonetsetsa kuti mabanja akubzala mitundu ya mbeu zamakono kuti akolole zochuluka ndikupeza phindu
English: Grow drought resistant varieties to suit changes in climate, avoid overselling of produce after harvest in order to keep enough to last the family the whole year, households should grow a variety of cereals, root and tubers such as cassava, sweet potato, pulses, oilseeds, fruits and vegetables, and rear small stock such as poultry and rabbits to ensure variety in the diet
Chichewa:  Zbalani mbeu zopilila ku chilala kuti zigwirane ndi kusintha kwa nyengo, pewani kugulitsa koposa muyezo mukakolola kuti musunge zokwanira banja lanu chaka chonse, mabanja abzale mitundu ya mbeu zachimanga, mitsitsi kapena zobala munthaka monga chinangwa, mbatata, mbeu zamafuta, zipatso ndi masamba, ndi kusunga ziweto zing'onozing'ono monga nkhuku ndi akalulu kuti akhale ndi kasinthasintha wazakudya
English: Family food shortages may be due to: Lack of money for food; Low production of family food; Poor food storage and preservation; Poor food choices and budgeting; Poor food distribution and marketing outlets; Poor infrastructure
Chichewa: Kuchepa kwa chakudya pabanja kungadze kamba ka: kusowa kwa ndalama zogulira chakudya; kusakolola zokwanira; kuonongeka kwa chakudya munkhokwe; kuchepa kwa kagawidwe komanso misika yachakudya; zipangizo zosungira zoonongeka
English: Family food distribution and consumption practices can cause malnutrition in the following ways: Over and underfeeding of children
Chichewa: Kagawidwe kachakudya ndi kadyedwe pabanja kangazetse  kunyentchera munjira izi: kudyetsa ana mopyola mulingo kapena mochepa kwambiri
English: Poor care for women (especially during pregnancy, child birth and breastfeeding), the sick, old people and those with long term illnesses; Poor food preparation and level of hygiene in the home; Inadequate use of health services
Chichewa: Chisamaliro chosakwanira cha amayi makamaka pamene ali  woyembekezera, akubereka ndi kuyamwitsa, odwala, okalamba ndi onse omwe ali matenda amgonagona; kusakonza chakudya bwino komanso ukhondo wapakhomo; kusagwiritsa ntchito moyenera ntchito zachipatala
English: Poor living conditions that may include insufficient water, inadequate sanitation, overcrowded housing and poor health services can facilitate malnutrition
Chichewa: Malo okhala osalongosoka omwe alibe madzi okwanira, opelewera ukhondo, nyumba zothithikana ndi ntchito zachipatala zopelewera zingadzetse kunyentchera
English: The underlying causes of malnutrition may arise from the following basic causes: wide spread poverty; high food prices; inadequate nutrition, health education and other social services
Chichewa: Zoyambitsa zenizeni za kunyentchera zingabwere kuchokera kuzoyambits zotsatirazi: umphawi wadzaoneni, mitengo yokwera yazakudya, zakudya zosapatsa thanzi, maphunziro a zaumoyo ndi ntchito zina zosamala anthu
English: Low status and education for families especially women; environmental damage; inadequate mainstreaming of food and nutrition activities in projects and programmes
Chichewa: Umphawi komanso maphunziro ochepa kwa mabanja makamaka amayi; kuonongeka kwa chilengedwe, kupelewera kophatikiza ntchito za zakudya ndi kadyedwe kathanzi mu ntchito zachitukuko
English: Essential actions to prevent Malnutrition are: Train extension staff and households in recommended food processing, preservation, storage and utilization technologies
Chichewa: Ntchito zofunikira kupewa kunyentchera ndi: kuphunzitsa alangizi ndi mabanja njira zamakono za kapangidwe ka zakudya koyenera, kukonza zakudya kuti zikhale nthawi yayitali, kusunga zakudya komanso kugwiritsa ntchito
English: Conduct staff and farmer training in food budgeting to ensure that households have adequate food resources to last to the next harvesting season
Chichewa: Chitani maphunziro a alangizi ndi alimi pakapangidwe ka ndondomeko yakagwiritsidwe ntchito kachakudya kuti mabanja akhale ndi chakudya chokwanira kufika nyengo yotsatira yokolola
English: Promote the consumption of diversified high nutritive value foods (including indigenous foods). Intensify nutrition education among the farming communities
Chichewa: Pititsani patsogolo kudya kasinthasintha wa zakudya zokhala ndi zofunikira zochuluka kuphatikizirapo zakudya zamakolo. Limbikitsani maphunziro a zakudya zopatsa thanzi kwa alimi akumudzi
English: Formulate integrated interventions e.g. Integrated Homestead Farming to improve household food and nutrition security especially for those affected with HIV and AIDS
Chichewa: Konzani ntchito zolowelerana monga malimidwe akasakaniza apakhomo kuti mulimbikitse kudzidalira pachakudya komanso kadyedwe kathanzi makamaka kwa okhuzidwa ndi kachilombo HIV ndi AIDS
English: Conduct multimedia campaigns on the prevention of micronutrient deficiencies. Intensify development and dissemination of food and nutrition information through multimedia channels. Promote good multi-sectoral collaboration and coordination among stakeholders
Chichewa: Chitani misonkhano kudzera njira zosiyanasiyana pakapewedwe kakuchepa kwa michere yofunikira mthupi. Limbikitsani kukonza komanso kufalitsa uthenga wa zakudya ndi kadyedwe koyenera kudzera munjira zosiyanasiyana zofalitsira uthenga. Pititsani patsogolo kulumikizana koyenera mmagawo osiyanasiyana pakati pa adindo ndi onse okhuzidwa
English: Maize is grown throughout the country under rainfed, irrigated or residual moisture by smallholder, commercial and estate farmers
Chichewa: Chimanga chimalimidwa mmadera onse mdziko muno potsatira mvula, mthilira kapena chinyezi ndi alimi ang'onoang'ono, ochita zamalonda komanso alimi akuluakulu
English: It is the main staple food crop for the country as such farmers are encouraged to make informed decisions and use their expertise to improve productivity
Chichewa: Ndi chakudya chomwe dziko lino limadalira kwambiri kotero alimi akulimbikitsidwa kupanga ziganizo zoyenera ndikugwiritsa ntchito luso lawo kupititsa patsogolo zokolola
English: However, maize productivity remains low due to low adoption of improved technologies, low soil fertility, erratic rainfall and pest and diseases among others
Chichewa: Komabe, zokolola zachimanga zidakali zotsika chifukwa chosatsatira njira zamakono zaulimi, kuchepa kwa chonde munthaka, mvula yanjomba komanso tizilombo towononga mbewu ndi matenda mwa zina
English: The aim is to attain and maintain self-sufficiency in maize requirements at household and national level
Chichewa: Cholinga chake ndikukwanitsa kukhala ndi chimanga chokwanira pakhomo komanso mdziko nthawi zonse
English: The objective is to increase production per unit area. Farmers are encouraged to grow high yielding varieties, apply inorganic and organic fertilizers if the country is to sustain food self- sufficiency in the face of increasing population
Chichewa: Cholinga ndikuwonjezera zokolola pa malo olimidwa. Alimi akulimbikitsidwa kulima mitundu ya mbewu zobeleka kwambiri, kuthira fertilizer komanso manyowa ngati dziko likufuna kumakhala ndi chakudya chokwanira nthawi zonse pamene chiwerengero cha anthu chikukulabe
English: At present, average yields range from 2,000 to 3,000 kg per hectare for hybrids, 1,400 to 2,400 kg per hectare for open pollinated varieties (OPVs) and 880 to 1,300 kg per hectare for unimproved maize cultivars
Chichewa: Pakadali pano, katikati wa zokolola amayambira pa 2,000kgs kufika 3,000kgs pa hectare ku chimanga chamakono, 1,400kgs kufika 2,400 pa hectare kuchimanga OPV ndi 880kgs kufika 1,300 pa hectare kuchimanga chamakolo
English: However, there is much scope for increasing yield under suitable agro-ecological zones with good agricultural practices
Chichewa: Komabe pali chidwi chachikulu chofuna kuchulukitsa zokolola kumadera kumene ndikoyenera kulima chimanga potsatira ndondomeko zoyenera
English: On average, yields of more than 10,000 kg per hectare for hybrids and 5,000 kg per hectare for OPVs can be attained with good management
Chichewa: Chikatikati, zokolola zoposa 10,000kgs pa hectare ku chimanga cha hybrid ndi 5,000kgs pa hectare ku OPV zikhoza kutheka ndi kasamalidwe koyenera
English: The low-altitude maize growing areas are less than 600m above sea level (masl). These areas are characterized by high summer temperatures of about 30oC or more, relatively flat and have a generally short rainy season of between 3 to 4months long
Chichewa: Madera otsika olima chimanga ali pa mtunda wosaposera 600m pamwamba pa nyanja. Madera amenewa amadziwika bwino ndi nyengo yotentha nthawi yamvula kufika 30oC kapena kuposa apo, athyathyathya ndipo amakhala ndi nyengo yamvula yayifupi yotalika pakati pa miyezi itatu ndi inayi
English: The average rainfall is between 700 to 800 mm per annum. These areas are also called marginal maize growing areas associated with erratic rains and frequent droughts
Chichewa: Chikatikati chamvula ndi 700mm kufika 800mm pa chaka. Madera amenewa amatchulidwanso madera olima chimanga osadalilika odziwika bwino ndi mvula yanjomba komanso chilala chapafupipafupi
English: These are main maize growing areas which comprise about 60% of the total cultivated area. Altitude ranges from 600m to 1,300m above sea level
Chichewa: Madera amenewa ndi odalilika kulima chimanga omwe akuyimira 60% ya malo onse olima chimanga. Kukwera kwa malowa kwayambira pa 600m kufika 1,300m pamwamba pa nyanja
English: These areas are characterized by moderate temperatures and a fairly long rainy season of between 4 to 5 months, with an average rainfall of about 875mm per annum
Chichewa: Madera amenewa akudziwika bwino ndi nyengo yomvelera komanso nyengo yamvula yotalikirapo pakati pa miyezi inayi ndi isanu, ndi katikati wa mvula kufika 875mm pa chaka
English: These are areas above 1,300m above sea level and are characterized by cool temperatures and overcast conditions. Maize takes long to mature because of low temperatures.
Chichewa: Madera amenewa ali pa mtunda wa 1,300m pambwamba pa nyanja ndipo amadziwika bwino ndi nyengo yozizira komanso yamitambo. Chimanga chimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti chikhwime chifukwa chakutsika kwa kutentha
English: Increased production per unit area will enable the farmer to adequately feed the family from a small piece of land
Chichewa: Kukolola zochuluka pa malo kudzathandiza alimi kudyetsa mokwanira mabanja awo kuchokera pa munda waung'ono
English: This will also enable the family to have surplus maize for sale and release some land for other crops
Chichewa: Izi zidzathandizanso mabanja kukhala ndi chimanga chochuluka kupitilira chomwe akufuna choti akhoza kugulitsa komanso kukhala ndi malo olima mbewu zina
English: Commercial farmers are also encouraged to use approved recommended technologies to increase productivity
Chichewa: Alimi ochita malonda akulimbikitsidwanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakolo zolimira kuti azipeza zokolola zambiri
English: Early field preparation is essential to facilitate planting with the first planting rains capable of wetting the soil to a depth of 15 cm between October and December
Chichewa: Kukonza minda mwachangu ndikofunikira kuti kuthandizire kubzala ndi mvula yobzalira yoyambilira yomwe ili ndikuthekera konyowetsa dothi 15cm kulowa pansi pakati pa October ndi December
English: Farmers in some areas dry plant maize one to two weeks before the onset of rains as a way of reducing labour requirements
Chichewa: Alimi mmadera ena amabzala mvula isanagwe patatsala sabata imodzi kapena awiri kuti mvula iyambe kugwa ngati njira imodzi yochepetsa ntchito
English: This is a good practice and should be encouraged where possible. One to two weeks’ delay in planting may cause up to 25% yield loss. All maize varieties should be planted early
Chichewa: Uwu ndi mchitidwe wabwino ndipo ulimbikitsidwe komwe ndiwotheka. Kuchedwa kubzala ndi sabata imodzi kapena awiri kumachepetsa zokolola ndi 25%. Mitundu yonse yachimanga ibzalidwe moyambilira
English: Optimum plant population is achieved by proper ridge and plant spacing, and number of plants per station
Chichewa: Chiwerengero chokwanira cha mbewu chimatheka popanga mizere moyenera komanso kutalikirana kwa mbewu koyenera ndi kuchuluka kwa mbewu paphando
English: Maize ridges should be spaced 75cm apart; 75cm between maize stations within the ridge and 3plants per station or 75cm x 50cm x2 plants or 75cm x 25cm x 1plant per station to achieve a plant population of 53,333 plants
Chichewa: Mizere yachimanga italikirane 75cm; 75cm pakati pamaphando munzere umodzi ndipo mbewu zitatu pa phando kapena 75cmx50cm pobzala mbewu ziwiri kapena 75cmx25cm pobzala mbewu imodzi paphando pofuna kukwanitsa chiwerengero cha mbewu 53,333 pa hectare
English: Farmers who intercrop maize with legumes or any other crop should plant maize at 75 cm between ridges and 75 cm between planting stations and 3 plants per station
Chichewa: Alimi omwe amabzala chimanga mosakaniza ndi nyemba kapena mbewu zina abzale chimanga pa mizere yotalikirana 75cm komanso maphando otalikirana 75cm ndipo mbewu zitatu paphando
English: Stations with less than 2 or 3 plants should be filled immediately after emergence to ensure correct population and an even stand
Chichewa: Phando lomwe liri ndi mbewu zosapitilira  ziwiri kapena zitatu libzalidwe mwansanga pambuyo pakumera kuti chiwerengero cha mbewu chikhale cholondola komanso kuti mbewu zizikulira limodzi
English: Farmers are encouraged to use manure especially with the increasing cost of chemical fertilizers. Manure improves soil structure as well as supplying nutrients to plants
Chichewa: Alimi akulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa makamaka ndikuwera kwa mitengo ya fertilizer. Manyowa amawonjezera mthaka komanso kupeleka michere kumbewu
English: Manure should be applied not less than a month before planting maize and the commended rate is 12.5 tonnes per hectare
Chichewa: Manyowa athiridwe patatsala mwezi wopitilira umodzi chimanga chisanabzalidwe ndipo mulingo woyenelera ndi ma tonne 12.5 pa hectare
English: As a guide, this can be achieved by using a 20liter tin of manure applied every 8 meters (8steps) along the furrow
Chichewa: Ngati mlozo, izi zikhoza kutheka pogwiritsa ntchito chidebe chimodzi cha 20liters cha manyowa kuthira mtunda wa 8 meters mungalande
English: Where manure is not adequate farmers should apply 2 handfuls per planting station and mix with soil before planting
Chichewa: Pomwe manyowa ndiwosakwanira, alimi athire manja awiri odzadza paphando lirilonse ndikusakaniza ndi dothi asanabzale
English: Farmers should be encouraged to make compost manure from house hold decomposable refuse and crop residues
Chichewa: Alimi akulimbikitsidwa kupanga manyowa kuchokera ku zinyalala komanso zotsalira za mbewu
English: To obtain high yields and maximum returns from the money invested in fertilizers, farmers are strongly advised to base fertilizer application on soil test results
Chichewa: Pofuna kupeza zokolola zochuluka komanso phindu lambiri kuchokera pa ndalama zomwe zalowa ku fertilizer, alimi akulangizidwa kwathunthu kuthira fertlizer potengera zotsatira za kuyeza dothi
English: There are specific fertilizer recommendations given in this and subsequent Sections that should be followed and will help farmers reliably produce sufficient maize to meet their own needs and to contribute to the food security of the nation
Chichewa: Pali malangizo okhuza fertilizer achindunji omwe apelekedwa mugawo lino komanso magawo otsatira omwe akuyenera kutsatiridwa ndipo adzathandiza alimi kukolola chimanga chokwanira modalirika kuti akwanitse kupeza zofuna zawo komanso athandize kuti dziko lino likhale ndi chakudya chokwanira
English: There are two recommendations in one area depending on whether the maize is produced for home use or for sale
Chichewa: Pali malangizo awiri mugawo limodzi potengera kuti chimanga chimalimidwa kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito pakhomo kapena chogulitsa
English: Timely application of both basal and top dressing fertilizers is important for high yield. Apply fertilizers as follows
Chichewa: Kuthira fertilizer wokulitsa ndi wobereketsa munthawi yake ndikofunikira kuti zokolola zichuluke. Thirani fertlizer motere:
English: Apply at planting or soon after seedling emergence. Twenty-one days after basal dressing, follow it up with 150 kg of Urea at the same depth and distance from the plant
Chichewa: Thirani pobzala kapena chikangomera. Pakadutsa masiku 21 pambuyo pothira wokulitsa, tsatira ndi kuthira 150kg ya Urea pamulingo wakuya womwewo komanso kutalikira kuchoka mbewu komweko
English: Use cup 2, level on each side of the planting station. Apply at planting or soon after seedling emergence
Chichewa: Gwiritsani ntchito kapu nambala 2, dzadzani mpaka malire a kamwa yakapu mbali zonse ziwiri ndipo thirani mbali zonse ziwiri za chimanga. Kuthira mthawi yobzala kapena chikangomera
English: Follow it up with top dressing150 kg of Urea, 21 days after basal dressing, at the same depth and distance from the plant, using cup 2 full on each side of the plant
Chichewa: Tsatirani ndi wobereketsa mulingo wa 150kgs ya Urea, masiku 21 pambuyo pothira wokulitsa, kuya kofanana komanso kutalika chimodzimodzi kuchoka pa mbewu, pohwiritsa ntchito kapu nambala 2 yodzadza mbali zonse ziwiri za mbewu
English: Note that cup number 5 is two and half times the volume of cup number 2 and that a Coca cola bottletop when heaped contains the same amount of fertilizer as cup number 5 level full
Chichewa: Dziwani kuti kapu nambala 5 mumalowa fertlizer wochuluka kawiri ndi theka kuposa fertilizer wolowa mu kapu nambala 2 ndipo chitsekero cha Cocacola chikadzadza chimakhala ndi mulingo wofanana ndi fertilizer wa mukapu nambala 5 ikadzadza kufika mmilomo mwake
English: An application of 2,000 kg/ha lime to maize grown on acidic soil is effective at increasing grain and dry matter yields
Chichewa: Kuthira 2,000kg pa hectare ya lime kuchimanga cholimidwa mudothi la acid kumathandiza kuchulikitsa chimanga ngakhale chikauma
English: Acid soils are mainly in areas characterized by high total rain fall (>900 mm per year) and low soil pH levels (<5.5) such as on vast areas on Mulanje, Dedza, Misuku and Viphya plateaus
Chichewa: Dothi la acid limapezeka makamaka kumadera omwe kumadziwika ndikugwa mvula yochuluka yoposa 900mm pachaka komanso dothi lokhala ndi pH yosaposera 5.5 monga mmadera aakulu ku Mulanje, Dedza, mapiri a Misuku ndi Viphya
English: Agricultural lime needs to be applied on newly prepared ridges, which have been split in the middle
Chichewa: Lime wa ulimi akuyenera athiridwe pamizere yolimidwa kumene, yomwe yagawidwa pakati
English: The lime is incorporated into the ridge and maize is planted at the recommended plant density and following all the recommended agronomic and crop husbandry practices
Chichewa: Lime amaphatikizidwa mmizere ndipo chimanga chimabzalidwa chochuluka movomerezeka  ndipo potsatira ndondomeko zonse zamalimidwe ndi kasamalidwe kambewu
English: Maize pests are categorized into weeds and insect pests. Notifiable pests should be reported to the nearest agricultural office as soon as they are noticed. Any pest out breaks should be controlled to prevent damage and spread to other areas
Chichewa: Tizilombo tachimanga timayikidwa mmagulu a tchire ndi zouluka. Tizilombo tooneka tinenedwe kwa ogwira ntchito zaulimi pamene zaonedwa. Thanani ndi kubuka kwa tizilombo tilitonse popewa kuonongedwa  kwa mbeu ndi kufala kwa tizilomboto kumadera ena
English: Maize suffers most from weed competition during the first six weeks after germination. The crop should be weed-free during this period
Chichewa: Chimanga chimavutika chikamapikisana ndi tchire masabata asanu ndi imodzi oyambilira chikamera. Mbewuyi ikhale malo opanda tchire panthawi imeneyi
English: The smaller the crop the less it is able to survive competition. At least two weedings are necessary for effective weed control. Herbicides can also be used for weed control
Chichewa: Chimanga ching'onoching'ono chimavutika kupilira kutchire. Palani tchire kosachepera kawiri kuti muthane ndi tchire. Mankhwala ophera tchire akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pothana ndi tchire
English: There are pre and post-emergence herbicides. A pre-emergence herbicide is the one that may be applied before the targeted crop has emerged
Chichewa: Pali mankhwala ophera tchire othira mbewu zisanamere kapena zitamera. Mankhwala ophera tchire lisanamere amathiridwa mbewu isanamere
English: Post-emergence herbicides are applied after the weeds and the crop emerge. This is because of the selective nature of the herbicides and it is important to avoid drift so that the herbicide does not fall onto an unintended crop
Chichewa: Mankhwala ophera tchire othire mbewu zitamera amathiridwa tchirelo komanso mbewu zitamera. Izi zimachitika chifukwa mankhwalawo amasankha tchire loti aphe ndipo ndikofunika kupewa kuwuluka kwa mankhwala kuti asagwere pa mbewu zomwe sizofunika kuti zife
English: For pre- emergence and post-emergence herbicides it is important to do the application when the soil is still wet
Chichewa: Kwa mankhwala ophera mbewu othira mbewu zisanamere kapena zitamera, nkofunika kuthira pamene dothi lidakali lonyowa
English: All herbicides have labels indicating application rates and type of weeds they control. It is important to check the labels as application rates can change even with the same product depending on concentration and soil type
Chichewa: Mankhwala onse ophera tchire ali ndi zizindikiro zoonetsa mulingo wakathiridwe komanso mtundu wa tchire lomwe angaphe. Ndikofunika kuona zizindikirozo chifukwa mulingo wothilira ukhoza kusintha ngakhale ali mankhwala omwewo potengera mphamvu yake komanso mtundu wa dothi
English: Some of herbicides, in particular, an application of Dual Magnum, a pre- emergence herbicide, into the soil at the rate of 2.2litres/ha before planting maize is effective in suppressing witch weed. At this rate Dual Magnum controls weeds and suppresses the emergence of witch weed.
Chichewa: Mankhwala ena ophera tchire, makamaka kuthira Dual Magnum, mankhwala othira mbewu zisanamere, mu dothi pa mulingo wa 2.2L pa hectare mbewu zisanabzalidwe amagwira bwino ntchito kupha kaufiti. Pa mulingo umenewu, Dual Magnum amathana ndi tchire komanso amafooketsa kumera kwa kaufiti
English: Witch weed (Striga asiatica) is becoming an increasingly serious problem in areas where maize is monocropped with poor management
Chichewa: Kaufiti, Striga asiatica, akuputilira kukhala vuto lalikulu kwambiri mmadera omwe chimanga chimabzalidwa chokha ndi kasamalidwe kosakwanira
English: Adequate manure and fertilizer application will help the crop with stand the effect of witch weed
Chichewa: Kuthira manyowa okwanira ndi fertilizer zidzathandiza mbewu kupilira ku mphamvu ya kaufiti
English: Uprooting the weed before it flowers will help to reduce its population in succeeding seasons
Chichewa: Kuzula kaufiti asanachite maluwa kudzathandiza kuchepetsa chiwerengero chake munyengo zotsatira
English: Crop rotation with cash crops such as sun flower and cotton should be practiced where land permits
Chichewa: Kubzala mbewu mwakasinthasintha ndi mbewu zogulitsa monga mpendadzuwa ndi thonje zitsatidwe komwe mida ingalole
English: Control of these weeds is by frequent weeding and use of systemic herbicides such as glyphosate which kill underground root system
Chichewa: Kuthana ndi tchire limeneli ndikudzera kupalira pafupipafupi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tchire monga glyphosphate omwe angaphe mitsitsi pansi pa mthaka
English: Fall armyworms are very destructive caterpillars of certain nocturnal moths which feed mostly on crops of the grass family such as maize, millet, sorghum, rice, and sugarcane
Chichewa: Kapuchi ndi mtundu wa mbozi zoononga kwambiri zomwe zimayenda usiku wokhawokha ndikumadya mbewu makamaka mbewu za udzu monga chimanga, mchewere, mapira, mpunga ndi nzimbe
English: They also feed on non-grass family crops such as soya beans, tobacco, groundnuts, cowpeas, potatoes, amaranthus, including pastures, among others. If not controlled, can cause up to 100% yield loss
Chichewa: Zimadyanso mbewu zomwe sizaudzu monga soya, nyemba, fodya, mtedza, nsawawa, mbatata, bonongwe kuphatikizapo udzu wa ziweto mwa zina. Ngati zisiyidwa, zimachepetsa zokolola ndi 100%
English: Fall armyworm eggs are laid in masses or in layers covered with greyish scales and hatch within 2 -3 days
Chichewa: Mazira akapuchi amayikidwa mounjika kapena momwazika ataphimbidwa ndi mamba a phulusa ndipo amaswa pa masiku awiri kufika atatu
English: The larvae closely resemble that of the African armyworm. At early stages larvae are pale green with black heads and changes to orange brown at later stages
Chichewa: Mphutsi zake zimafanana kwambiri ndi za ntchembere zandonda. Kumayambiliro, mphutsi zimakhala zobiliwira pang'ono ndi mitu yakuda ndipo zimasintha kupita mtundu wa orange brown pakusintha kotsatira
English: Fully grown larvae are about 4 cm long and are pale green or almost black with a reddish-brown head. They are very active early in the morning and late in the afternoon
Chichewa: Mphutsi zazikulu zimatalika 4cm ndipo zimaoneka mobiliwira pang'ono kapena zakuda ndi mitu yofiilirako. Zimakhala zochangamuka kummawa kwambiri ndi madzulo kwambiri
English: The FAW normally pupates in the soil at the depth 2 to 8 cm. The larva constructs a loose cocoon by tying together particles of soil with silk
Chichewa: Kapuchi amakula mdothi pamtunda wa 2 kufika 8cm. Mphutsi zimamanga chikuto pomangilira dothi ndi ulusi wawo
English: The cocoon is oval in shape and 20 to 30 mm in length. If the soil is too hard, larvae may web together leaf debris and other material to form a cocoon on the soil surface
Chichewa: chikuto chimakhala chozungulira mosongoka ndipo yayitali 20 kufika 30mm. Ngati dothi ndilolimba, mphutsi zimaluka zinyalala zamasamba ndi zina kuti zipange chikuto pamwamba padothi
English: The pupa is reddish brown in colour measuring 14 to 18 mm in length and about 8 to 9 days during the summer, but reaches 20 to 30 days during cooler weather
Chichewa: Gawo la mphutsi/pupa imaoneka yofiira yotalika 14 kufika 18mm ndipo imakhala masiku 8 kufika 9 nyengo yotentha koma imafika masiku 20 kufika 30 nyengo yozizira kwambiri
English: The moths which lay eggs are similar in shape and size to other moths in the Lepidoptera family, grayish in colour and about 4cm long
Chichewa: Agulugufe omwe amayikira mazira amafanana maonekedwe ndi kukula ndi agulugufe ena a banja la Lepidoptera, ooneka mwaphulusa komanso otalika 4cm
English: The front wings of the male are grayish in color with white markings near the wing tips. The front wings of the female are similar but the markings are less distinct
Chichewa: Mapiko akutsogolo kwa agulugufe amphongo amaoneka ndi aphulusa okhala ndi malotcho oyera pafupi ndikunsonga kwake. Mapiko akutsogolo kwa agulugufe athanzi ndiofanana koma malotcho ake ndi osawala
English: Fall armyworm is controlled by use of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies including cultural, physical, biological, botanical (natural plant products) and chemical control methods simultaneously
Chichewa: Kapuchi amathetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko za Integrated Pest Management kuphatikizapo njira za kasamalidwe, zinthu zomwe sizamoyo, zamoyo, zopangidwa kuchikera kuzomera zachilengedwe ndi mankhwala pamodzi
English: African Armyworm is a serious notifiable pest of cereals which is very destructive particularly to maize, rice, wheat, sorghum, millets and pastures. African Armyworm is an endemic pest and the attack may be sudden
Chichewa: Ntchemberezandonda waku Africa ndi tizilombo todziwika ta mbewu za udzu yemwe amaononga kwambiri makamaka chimanga, mpunga, tirigu, mapira, mchewere ndi udzu wa ziweto. Ntchemberezandonda ndi vuto lokhazikika ndipo zimatha kuwononga mwadzidzi
English: Quite often out breaks occur right after the first rains. Early detection and reporting of the pest is important for effective control to minimize damage
Chichewa: Nthawi zambiri zimabwera pambuyo pa mvula yoyamba. Kuzindikira mwachangu komanso kupeleka lipoti la mbozizi ndikofunika pothana ndi kuononga kwa mbozizi
English: The caterpillars occur in large numbers, march in one direction, aggressively feeding on all grass in their way. They may also occur as scattered populations which may lead to larger outbreaks later
Chichewa: Gawo lotsatira lamphutsili limabwera mochuluka, kuyenda kulowera mbali imodzi, zikudya kwambiri udzu uliwonse omwe zingapeze. Zimabweranso ngati magulu omwazana omwe amaswana ndikufalikira madera ochuluka kwambiri
English: They prefer young tender plants which they chew to the ground while old ones are left as bare stalks with mid ribs only
Chichewa: Zimakonda zomera zazing'ono zanthete zomwe zimatafuna mpaka mdothi pamene zokhwima zimasiyidwa tsinde lokha ndi zogwilira zamasamba basi
English: Red locust (Nomadacris septemfasciata) is a notifiable pest and is potentially the most destructive in Malawi because of the extensive damage it can cause within a short period of time
Chichewa: Dzombe, Nomadacris septemfasciata, ndi tizilombo towononga ndipo zimaononga kwambiri kuposa zonse ku Malawi chifukwa zimaononga kwambiri dera lalikulu panthawi yochepa
English: The leaves are eaten from the margin in wards. The breeding areas are known and frequent surveys are made in the breeding areas in Lake Chilwa/ Chiuta plains, Elephant, Ndindi and Vwaza Marshes, Mpatsanjoka dambo and Kuserikumvenji Estate to monitor any unusual population build-up
Chichewa: Masamba amadyedwa kuchokera mphepete kulowa mkati. Malo omwe zimaswera amadziwika ndipo kafukufuku wapafupipafupi amachitika mmalo omwe zimaswera kumadera a nyanja ya Chilwa/Chiuta, madambo a Elephant, Ndindi, Vwaza, Mpatsanjoka komanso munda waukulu wa Kuserikumvenji pofuna kuona kuchulukana kodabwitsa
English: The eggs are laid in the wet season (November to April) and hatch after 30 days. Since there are also breeding areas in neighbouring countries, everyone is advised to report immediately to the nearest agricultural or government office any swarms spotted
Chichewa: Zimayikira mazira munyengo yamvula, November kufika April, ndipo amaswa pakutha pamasiku makumi atatu. Popeza palinso malo oswera mmayiko ozungulira, aliyense akulangizidwa kupeleka uthenga pompopompo ku nthambi ya zaulimi kapena kuboma akaona nantindi wadzombe
English: Control of the pest is coordinated by the International Red Locust Control Organization for Central and Southern Africa (IRLCO-CSA) in conjunction with the Ministry of Agriculture
Chichewa: Kuthana ndi dzombe kumatsogoleredwa ndi International Red Locust Organization for Central and Southern Africa (IRLCO-CSA) mothandizana ndi unduna wazamalimidwe
English: Spraying chemicals such as Fenitrothion, Green muscle and Carbaryl can be used to control the locust hoppers
Chichewa: Mankhwala opopera monga Fenitrithonin, green muscle ndi Carbaryl akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthana ndi dzombe
English: Cultural control practices include harvesting as soon as the maize is dry; separating damaged cobs from good ones; maintaining and thoroughly cleaning storage stores and burning crop residues
Chichewa: Njira zakasamalidwe zothanirana ndi dzombe ndi monga kukolola mwansanga chimanga chikangouma; kulekanitsa chimanga choonengeka ndi chosawonongeka komanso kutsuka mokwanira nkhokwe ndikuotcha zotsalira za mbewu
English: Drying produce thoroughly before storing. Boiling sacks in water and thoroughly drying them before putting in produce. Dehusking and shelling the maize
Chichewa: Kuumitsa zokolola mokwanira zisanasungidwe. Kuwiritsa matumba mmadzi ndi kuyanika mokwanira musanayikidwe zokolola. Kusenda komanso kusola chimanga
English: Maize may be damaged in storage by different types of weevils and moths. Hard grains of OPV, unimproved and flint grained hybrid varieties suffer less weevil damage
Chichewa: Chimanga chikhoza kuwonongeka munkhokwe ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya anankafumbwe ndi aphepheru. Chimanga cholimba cha OPV, chimanga chamakolo ndi mitundu yamakono ya chimanga cholimba imawonongedwa mochepa ndi anankafumbwe
English: Storage pests can be controlled by applying recommended pesticides such as Actellic Super Dust, Super Grain Dust, Super Guard Dust, Wivokil and Shumba Super at the rate of one sachet (25g) to 50kg of shelled grain. For unshelled maize apply 50g. The pesticide can be obtained from recommended pesticide suppliers
Chichewa: Tizolombo towononga munkhokwe tikathetsedwe popoera mankhala ovomerezeka ophera tizilombo monga Actellic Super Dust, Super Grain Dust, Super Guard Dust, Wivokil ndi Shumba Super pamulingo wa paketi imodzi yolemera 25g kuthumba lolemera 50kgs la chimanga chosolasola. Thirani mankhwala olemera 50g ku chimanga chosasola cholemera 50kgs. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo angapezedwe kuchokera kwa ogulitsa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ovomerezeka
English: Maize should be stored in dry ventilated structures. This controls most pests and diseases especially those that cause rotting
Chichewa: Chimanga chisungidwe munkhokwe zouma komanso zopita mpweya. Izi zimachepetsa tizilombo ndi matenda makamaka omwe amayambitsa kuola
English: Farmers are encouraged to use improved storage structures such as concrete and metallic silos. Cribs (Nkhokwes) should be made rat proof by the use of rat-guards and they should be properly thatched to prevent leaking
Chichewa: Alimi akulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito nkhokwe zamakono monga nkhokwe zomanga komanso zachitsulo. Nkhokwe zikhale zosafikirika ndi makoswe pogwiritsa ntchito matchera amakoswe ndipo zikhale zofolela bwino popewa kudontha
English: If bags are used for storage, ensure that they are clean. Farmers should dry grains thoroughly and maize should be kept in a dry place for storage
Chichewa: Ngati matumba agwiritsidwa ntchito, onetsetsani kuti ndioyera.  Alimi awumitse chimanga mokwanira ndipo chimanga chisungidwe pamalo ouma podikira kusunga munkhokwe
English: Rice is one of the cereals grown along the Lakeshore, Phalombe plain, the Shire Valley and areas around Lake Chilwa either in irrigated rice schemes or in rain fed low land areas
Chichewa: Mounga ndi imodzi mwa mbewu za udzu zolimidwa mphepete mwa nyanja, mzigwa za Phalombe, Shire komanso madera ozungulira nyanja ya Chilwa potsatira kulima ku minda ya mthilira kapena mvula kumadera otsika
English: The crop is either grown in irrigation schemes, low land or rainfed. The schemes are underutilized due to various reasons such as low patronage and labour constraints. However, it is an important cash earner where it is grown and forms part of the staple food in the urban centers
Chichewa: Mbewuyi imalimidwa ku mimda ya mthilira, malo otsika kapena ndi mvula. Minda yamthilira imagwiritsidwa ntchito mochepa pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana monga kuchepa kwa anthu ogwiritsa ntchito komanso kuchepa kw aogwira ntchito. Komabe ndi mbewu yobweretsa chuma kumadera omwe imalimidwa ndipo ndi mbali imodzi ya chakudya chodalirika mmadera a mmizinda
English: The national aim is to increase paddy yields in irrigated rice schemes and also increase both area and yield of rain fed rice to meet both the domestic and export demand
Chichewa: Cholinga cha dziko ndichulukitsa zokolola za mpunga mminda yamthilira komanso kuchulukitsa malo olima ndi zokolola zamvula kuti tikhale zokwanira mdziko muno komanso kugulitsa mayiko akunja
English: The present low yields of 1,000 to 1,500 kg per hectare rice cultivars under rain fed conditions should be increased to 3,500 to 4,000 kg per hectare
Chichewa: Zokolola zapano za 1000kgs kufika 1,500 kgs pa hectare za mpunga wolimidwa ndi mvula zichulukitsidwe mpaka 3,500kgs kufika 4,000kgs pa hectare
English: The present cultivated rain fed area of 30,000 hectares should be increased to the potentially available area of 70,000 hectares. These improvements should result into a significant increase in rice production
Chichewa: Kukula kwa malo olimidwa mpunga podalira mvula kukwezedwe kuchoka pa ma hectare 30,000 kufika ma hectare 70,000. Kusinthaku kukuyenera kubweretsa kuchuluka kwa zokolola za mpunga
English: Mpeta (IR10L121) is a recently released Indica type of rice for irrigated lowland cultivation. It matures in 110 days and yields 7.0 ton
Chichewa: Mpeta (IR10L121) ndi mpunga wa mtundu wa Indica womwe wabwera posachedwa womwe umalimidwa ndi mthilira mmadera otsika. Umacha pakutha pa masiku 110 ndipo zikolola zimafika matani 7
English: It has a good seed shape, aroma, taste and cooking time. It is tolerant to rice blast and highly resistant to Gray Beetles
Chichewa: Njere zake ndizoumbidwa mokongola, wonunkhira bwino wokoma komanso wopsa msanga. Umapilira ku chiwawu champunga ndipo umapilira kwambiri ku Gray Beetles
English: Nunkile (Pusa33) is recommended for low land irrigated cultivation. Two crops can be grown in a year because it takes 112 days to mature in the wet season and 140 days in the dry season
Chichewa: Nunkile/Pusa33 ndiwoyenera kulimidwa kumadera otsika kudzera mthilira. Ukhoza kulimidwa kawiri pachaka chifukwa umacha pamasiku 112 munyengo yamvula/chilimwe komanso masiku 140 munyengo ya dzinja
English: Nunkile matures two weeks earlier than other irrigated varieties and therefore bird scaring should start early to avoid yield loss. The variety is also attractive to field mice because of its strong scent
Chichewa: Nunkile amacha msanga ndi sabata ziwiri kuposa mitundu ina yamthilira choncho kuthamangitsa mbewu kuyambe mwansanga popewa kuchepa kwa zokolola. Mtunduwu umakondedwa ndi mbewa chifukwa cha kununkhira kwambiri
English: Kayanjamalo variety is recommended for lowland rainfed and irrigated conditions, and matures in 105 days. It has yield potential of 6.5 t/ha and is resistant to major rice diseases and pests. Mpatsa variety is recommended for lowland rainfed and irrigated conditions, and matures in 100 days. It has yield potential of 5.8 t/ha and is resistant to major rice diseases and pests
Chichewa: Mtundu wa Kayanjamalo ndiwoyenera kulima ndi mvula kapena mthilira kumalo otsiska, ndipo umacha pa masiku 106. Zokolola zake zimafuka matani 6.5 pa hectare ndipo umapilira ku matenda ndi zilombo zikuluakulu za mpunga. Mtundu wa Mpatsa ndiwoyenera kulima ndi mvula komanso mthilira kumalo otsika ndipo umacha pamasiku 100. Zokolola zimafika matani 5.8 pa hectare ndipo umapilira ku matenda akuluakulu a mpungan ndi tizilombo towononga mpunga
English: Mtupatupa (TC G10) is recommended for low land irrigated cultivation. It matures in130 days in the wet season while in the dry season it takes 155days. It can be double cropped only when sown early enough. The name refers to the variety’s grain that expands when cooked. It is moderately scented
Chichewa: Mtupatupa (TCG10) ndiwoyenera kulimidwa mwamthilira kumadera otsika. Umacha pamasiku 130 munyengo ya chilimwe/yamvula ndipo umatenga masiku 155 kuti uche dzinja. Ukhoza kulimidwa kawiri pachaka pokhapokha ngati wabzalidwa mwansanga. Dzina lake limathanthauza kuti maso ampungawu amafufuma akaphikidwa. Umanunkhira pang'ono
English: Vyawo (ITA 302) is recommended for low land cultivation under rainfed or irrigated conditions. Vyawo is tolerant to blast. The variety takes 130 days to mature in the wet season and 150 days in dry season
Chichewa: Vyawo (ITA 302) ndiwoyenera kulimidwa nyengo yamvula kapena mthilira. Vyawo amapilira ku chiwawu. Mtunduwu umatenga masiku 130 kuti uche munyengo yamvula ndipo masiku 150 mu dzinja
English: Senga (IET 4094) is a recommended variety for irrigated low land cultivation. It matures in 116 days in the wet season and 143 days in the dry season.
Chichewa: Senga (IET4094) ndi mtundu woneyera mthilira kumadera otsika. Umacha pa masiku 116 munyengo yamvula ndi masiku 143 mu dzinja
English: Changu (IRI 1561-250-2-2) is a recommended variety for irrigated schemes. It has a short to medium maturity period of 119 days during the wet season and 145 days during the dry season
Chichewa: Changu (IRI 1561-250-2-2) ndi mtundu woyenera kulimidwa kuminda yamthilira. Umacha munthawi yayifupi kufika yotalikirapo pang'ono ya masiku 119 nthawi ya mvula ndipo masiku 145 mu nyengo ya dzinja