dmatekenya/chichewa-machine-translation huggingface dataset:
English: The harvest is guarded from animals and birds.
Chichewa: zokolola zimatetezedwa ku mbalame ndi zilombo
English: Clean and fumigate the grain store before storage of the new harvest
Chichewa: konzani ndi kuthila mankhawala mu nkhokwe yanu musanasungemo zokolola zatsopano
English: The ideal storage facilities are those that provide maximum possible protection and suitable conditions to the harvest
Chichewa: nkhokwe zabwino ndi zimene zimateteza mbewu zathu komanso kupereka zofunika zoyenera zomwe mbewu zathu zimafunikila
English: Torn sacks are not used to store grain.
Chichewa: musagwiritse ntchito matumba obooka
English: Create aeration in the store to reduce the temperature
Chichewa: pangani motulukila mpweya
English: Never mix old and fresh harvest in the same store;
Chichewa: osaphatikiza zokolola zakale ndi zatsopano
English: Establish product-buying points within easy reach of farming communities
Chichewa: khazikitsani misika pafupi ndi midzi
English: Establish demonstration plots
Chichewa: khazikitsani minda yochitila zionetselo
English: Planting crops under Msangusangu trees;
Chichewa: bzalani zakumunda zanu pansi pa mitengo ya msangusangu
English: The steeper the slopes, the closer the trenches to one another
Chichewa: maenje afupikane pa malo otsetseleke kwambiri
English: Agriculture plays an important role in the national economy of Malawi, and plays a key role in ensuring food security.
Chichewa: ulimi umagwira ntchito yaikulu kwambirir pankhani zachuma malawi ndi kuonetsetsa kupezeka kwa chakudya chokwanira
English: Adopt crop rotation
Chichewa: kutengela ulimi wa kasinthasintha
English: Increase adoption of Climate smart agriculture practices by farmers;
Chichewa: Kuonjezera kutsata njira za ulimi wanzeru kwa nyengo ndi alimi;
English: In recent years, the total daily, monthly or annual rainfall has varied from year to year, thus, there have been wet years and dry years
Chichewa: mu zaka zaposachedwa, mvula yatsiku ndi tsiku, mwezi uliwonse kapena pachaka yakhala ikusiyana chaka ndi chaka, motero, pakhala zaka zamvula ndi zopanda mvula
English: The rainfall pattern has been erratic; and has had adverse impact on farming activities.
Chichewa: Kugwa kwamvula kwakhala kosasinthasintha; ndipo zasokoneza ntchito zaulimi.
English: Maize is the dominant crop in Malawi
Chichewa: chimanga ndi mbeu yomwe imalimidwa kwambiri m'Malawi
English: Unfortunately, most farmers in Malawi have inadequate access to pest, weed and disease control services because veterinary and crop protection services are severely under-resourced
Chichewa: Tsoka ilo, alimi ambiri Malawi muno alibe mwayi wopeza chithandizo chothana ndi tizirombo, udzu ndi matenda chifukwa ntchito zachiweto ndi zoteteza mbeu ndi zoperewera kwambiri.
English: Effects of climate change on lake fisheries in Malawi
Chichewa: zotsatila za kusintha kwa nyengo pa ulimi wa nsomba mu nyanja ya malawi
English: The smaller and faster breeding sardine type Angraulicypris sardella (locally called Usipa) has replaced Chambo as the dominant species.
Chichewa: usipa waung'ono omwe umakula mwachangu unalowa mmalo mwa chambo ngati nsomba zodyedwa kwambiri
English: Farmers are abandoning fish farming activities because of water shortages
Chichewa: Alimi akusiya ntchito yoweta nsomba chifukwa cha kusowa kwa madzi
English: Use improved storage facilities for the harvest
Chichewa: kugwiritsa ntchito nkhokwe za makono
English: Practice agroforestry
Chichewa: kuyesela ulimi wophatitikiza zakumunda ndi mitengo
English: Certified improved seeds
Chichewa: mbweu yabwino yotsimikizika
English: Grow disease tolerant cowpea varieties: Sudan 1 (Nseula) and IT82E-16 (Khobwe);
Chichewa: Kulima mbeu za Nandolo zopilira ku matenda monga Sudan 1 (Nseula) and IT82E-16 (Khobwe)
English: Grow the early maturing and disease tolerant soya bean variety:
Chichewa: kulima mbeu ya soya yosachedwa kucha msanga komanso yopilira ku matenda
English: Grow the drought tolerant ground nut variety:
Chichewa: kulima mbeu ya mtedza yopilila ku nyengo youma/yosowa mvula
English: Production and use of compost
Chichewa: kapangidwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka manyowa a kompositi
English: Water harvesting and conservation technologies
Chichewa: njira zamakono zokololela ndi kusamala madzi
English: Pit-planting is a rain water harvesting technology;
Chichewa: kubzala mbeu mmaenje ndi njira imodzi yokololera madzi a mvula
English: Integrate livestock with crop production
Chichewa: ulimi ophatikiza ziweto ndi zakumunda
English: Beekeeping is a profitable enterprise that is undertaken by subsistence farmers as well as commercial farmers in Malawi.
Chichewa: Kuweta njuchi ndi bizinesi yopindulitsa pakati pa alimi ang'onoang'ono komanso alimi amalonda Malawi muno.
English: Use traditional hives; transitional hives or the more advanced modern hive (depending on available resources);
Chichewa: gwiritsani ntchito mng'oma zalokolo kapena zamakono malingana ndi zipangizo zomwe muli nazo
English: The harvest is dried on canvas or on mats
Chichewa: zokolola zanu ziyanikidwe pa thandala kapena pa mkeka/mphasa
English: Be dry, cool and well ventilated
Chichewa: mukhale mowuma, mozizilila ndi molowa bwino mpweya
English: Be affordable to the farmer
Chichewa: zikhale zosavuta kupeza kwa mlimi
English: New sacks (if possible) are used to store the new harvest
Chichewa: ngati kuli kotheka, gwiritsani ntchito matumba atsopano posunga zokolola kumene
English: Rodents consume almost everything that a farm house homestead can have (apart from metal objects)
Chichewa: makoswe amadya ndi kuonoka chilichonse mu nkhokwe kupatula zinthu za chitsulo
English: Use rodenticides available in the market.
Chichewa: gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala a makoswe amene amapezeka ku misika
English: Use cats (a biological control method)
Chichewa: gwiritsani ntchito amphaka (ngati njira imodzi ya chilengedwe)
English: A key limiting factor to increased production of the high value crops by smallholder farmers is access to produce markets in the remote, rural communities
Chichewa: vuto limodzi lalikulu lomwe limachititsa alimi ang'onoang'ono kuti asamalime mbewu zopindulitsa ndi kusowa kwa misika mmadera oyandikana ndi midzi
English: A majority of farmers in Malawi are experienced in production of kidney beans, soya beans and groundnuts.
Chichewa: alimi ambiri mmalawi ali ndi ukadaulo ochuluka wa nyemba, soya ndi mtedza
English: Alleviating poverty in rural households
Chichewa: kuchepetsa umphawi mmakomo akumidzi
English: Women actively be involved in processing and marketing processes to lift them from low-skilled positions and also be provided with the necessary training
Chichewa: Azimayi amatenga nawo gawo pakukonza ndi kutsatsa malonda kuti awachotse pamaudindo otsika komanso kupatsidwa maphunziro ofunikira.
English: Women must be included in all decision making structures at all levels of society
Chichewa: azimayi akuyenera kutenga nawo mbali popanga ziganizo mmagulu onse a mu dera
English: Gender discrimination in employment opportunities
Chichewa: Kusalana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi mu mwayi wa ntchito
English: Shift from crop varieties and livestock breeds that are highly susceptible to drought and heat to crop and livestock varieties/breeds that have greater drought and heat tolerance
Chichewa: Siyani ku mitundu ya mbewu ndi ziweto zomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chilala ndi kutentha kupita ku mbewu ndi mitundu ya ziweto zomwe zimapilira ndi chilala komanso kutentha kwambiri.
English: Use climate forecast advice from extension services when implementing farm activities
Chichewa: Gwiritsani ntchito upangiri wolosera zanyengo kuchokera ku mautumiki a ulangizi pokhazikitsa ntchito zaulimi
English: Change timing of farm operations
Chichewa: Kusintha nthawi ya ntchito zaulimi
English: Adjust sowing dates to offset (avoid) moisture stress during warm periods
Chichewa: Sinthani masiku obzala kuti muchepetse (kupewa) kupanda chinyontho nthawi yofunda
English: Use mulch stubble and straw
Chichewa: Gwiritsani ntchito chiputu ndi udzu
English: Develop effective planning processes
Chichewa: Konzani njira zokonzekera bwino
English: To control moulds the farmer must
Chichewa: Kuwongolera nkhungu mlimi ayenera
English: Insect pests can cause 100% grain loss in storage.
Chichewa: Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda titha kuwononga mbewu zonse mosungira.
English: They contaminate the stored produce by urinating on the produce and through their droppings (faecal material) which get mixed with the stored grain, rendering the produce unusable
Chichewa: amayipitsa zomwe zasungidwa pokodza pa zokolola komanso kudzera mu ndowe zawo (zinthu zakunja) zomwe zimakasakanizidwa ndi tirigu wosungidwa, zomwe zimaangitsa kuti zokololazo zisagwiritsidwe ntchito
English: A gender friendly technology to men, women and youth
Chichewa: ukadaulo ogwirizana ndi abambo, amyi komanso achinyamata
English: A technology that is consistent with commitment to actions on gender sensitivity
Chichewa: ukadaulo womwe umagwirizana ndi kudzipereka kwa zinthu zokhudzana ndi kukhudzidwa kwa amuna ndi akazi
English: A technology that has minimum labour input requirements
Chichewa: ukadaulo umene umafunika zogwirira ntchito zochepa
English: Why beekeeping is a climate smart practice
Chichewa: mbweu yabwino yotsimikizika
English: Less variability in yields
Chichewa: kusasiyana kwenikweni muzokolola
English: Alternative source of firewood and construction timber; medicines; livestock fodder/feeds and thus new source of income;
Chichewa: gwero lopezekelatu la nkhuni ndi matabwa, mankhwala, zakudya za ziweto ndi njira yopezela ndalama
English: Diminished effects of extreme weather events, such as heavy rains, drought and storms on the agro-ecosystem;
Chichewa: zotsatila za kusintha kwa nyengo monga mvula yamkuntho, chilala ndi mphepo pa ulimi ndi zachilengedwe
English: Cover crops take up nitrogen from the soil and reduce its loss from the soil 
into the atmosphere
Chichewa: mbewu zophimba zimatenga nitrogen kuchoka mu nthaka komanso kuchepesa kuuluka kwa nitrogen kupita mmalele
English: Replenishes soil nutrients through use of leguminous species in cereallegume intercropping practices
Chichewa: imabwenzeretsa michere yamunthaka pobzala mbewu za magulu a nyemba pamodzi ndi za magulu a chimanga
English: If a farm is located in an area that is prone to crop failure due to unpredictable rains the farmer must:
Chichewa: ngati munda uli dera limene mbewu sizichita bwino chifukwa cha kusagwa kwa mvula, alimi akuyenera:
English: Grow well under frequently changing climatic conditions and/or under drought conditions
Chichewa: zimakula bwino munyengo yosinthasintha ngakhaleso nyengo yopanda mvula/chilala
English: Diversify farmers’ sources of income by selling fish as well as crop and livestock products
Chichewa: kusiyanitsa njira zopezela ndalama pogulitsa nsomba, zakumuda komanso zoweta
English: Malawi has reported a 93% decline in catches of Oreochromis species (locally called Chambo) from Lake Malawi due to a combination of overfishing and adverse effects of climate change since 1990
Chichewa: malawi yanena za kustika kwa kawezedwe ka nsomba ya chambo ndi 93% chifukwa cha kuweza opyola muyezo komanos kusintha kwa nyengo kuchokela mu chaka cha 1990
English: The average number of HOT NIGHTS per year increased by 41.0 days
Chichewa: avereji ya masiku otentha idakwera ndi masiku 41 pa chaka
English: Climate variability involves short term variations (daily, seasonal, inter-annual or over several years) around a mean
Chichewa: kusintha kwa nyengo kumakhudza nyengo yaifupi (tsiku ndi tsiku, panyengo,pakati pa chaka kapena pazaka zambiri)
English: Most fish ponds are drying up for long periods in a year, leading to premature and unscheduled harvesting of the fish;
Chichewa: maiwe ambiri a nsomba amauma kwa nthawi yaitali m'chaka, zomwe zimachititsa kuti akolole msanga komanso musakonzekela
English: effects of climate change on aquaculture
Chichewa: zotsatila za nyengo oa ulimi wa m'madzi
English: The animals reduce their food intake because of the higher temperatures
Chichewa: nyamazi zimachepetsa kudya kwambir chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri
English: The onset of rains has become more unpredictable with the changing climate.
Chichewa: kuyamba kwa mvula kwakhla kosadziwikiratu ndi kusintha kwa nyengo
English: Some years have been wetter than others
Chichewa: zaka zina zimakhala za chinyezi kwambiri kusiyana ndi zina
English: The risks climate change poses to agriculture in Malawi
Chichewa: kuopsa kwa kusintha kwa nyengo komwe kumadzetsa pa ulimi m'Malawi
English: The onset of rains has become more unpredictable with the changing climate.
Chichewa: kayambidwe ka mvula kakhala kosinthasintha malingana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo
English: This has determined the types of crops grown by farmers.
Chichewa: izi zimatsikimika mtundu wa mbewu zimene angadzale mlimi
English: Area along the Shire river in the Shire valley of Malawi are prone to frequent riverine flooding.
Chichewa: mmbali mwa shire river ku shire valley kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusefukila kwa mitsinje
English: Decrease use of fish meal and fish feeds;
Chichewa: chepetsani kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zakudya za nsomba
English: Apart from the species of fish that are being cultured, fish farming in Malawi tends to be sensitive to availability of water
Chichewa: kupatula mitundu ya nsomba imene ikuwetedwa, ulimi wa nsomba malawi muno umakhudziwanso ndi kapezedwe ka madzi
English: Improve energy efficiency;
Chichewa: kutukula kasamalidwe ka mphamvu
English: Buy risk insurance against effects of extreme weather events.
Chichewa: gulani ishulansi yoteteza zinthu mu nyengo yovuta kwmabiri
English: Reduce variability in yields
Chichewa: kucheptsa kasiyanitsidwe eka zokolola
English: Increased animal feed (resilience/adaptation, mitigation and food security)
Chichewa: kuchukula kwa zakudya za ziweto (kupilira/kutengela, kuthetselati ndi kupezeka kwa chaudya)
English: Alternate grazing with rest periods for the land
Chichewa: kudyestsa msipu mwakasinthasintha ndikupereka nthawi yopuma ku malo
English: ensure that the farmer has transporting equipment such as wheelbarrows, baskets etc that minimise losses in transit
Chichewa: onesetsani kuti mlimi ali ndi zipangizo zoyenerera zonyamulila katundu monga ma wilibala, mabasiketi ndi izina kuchepesa kutayika kwa zokolola
English: The drying grains are not allowed to get wet
Chichewa: mbewu zimene zawuma sizololedwa kunyowa
English: Protect the harvest from extremes of temperature and, moisture;
Chichewa: tetezani mbewu ku nyengo yotentha kwambiri ndi chinyontho
English: Harvest the crop at the right time of maturity of the grains
Chichewa: kololani mbewu zanu mu nthawi yoyenerera zikakhwima
English: Dry the grain to the required moisture level before storage;
Chichewa: wumitsani mbewu mpaka ifike pa mlingo oyenerera zisanasungidwe
English: An explicit gender strategy of empowering women along the whole agricultural value chain of a commodity must be developed and adopted.
Chichewa: khanzikitsani njira zolimbikitsila azimayi kuti azitenga nawo gawo mu zonse zochitika pa ulimi
English: Implementation strategies should be developed with “local women and local researchers” that are familiar with the cultural contexts regarding gender norms.
Chichewa: njira zoyenera kutatila zipangidwe ndi azimayi komanso alangizi amene akudziwa bwino mavuto amene alipo okhudza chikhalidwe
English: Cultural and legal barriers to womens’ rights to land must be identified and removed
Chichewa: kufufuza ndi kuchotsa chikhalidwe ndi malamulo ophinja ufulu wokhala ndi malo wa azimayi
English: Women face more barriers in accessing extension services than men.
Chichewa: amayi amakuma ndi ziphinjo zochuluka kuti apeze ulangizi kusiyana ndi abambo
English: Shift from crops and livestock types that are highly susceptible to drought and heat to crops and livestock types that are drought and heat tolerant
Chichewa: sinthani kuchoka ku mbewu ndi ziweto zosapilila ku chilala ndi kutentha ndikulima ndi kuweta ziweto zopilila ku chilala ndi kutentha
English: Shift from crops and livestock types that are highly susceptible to pests and diseases to crops and livestock types that are pest and disease resistant/ tolerant;
Chichewa: sinthani kuchoka ku mbewu ndi ziweto zosapilira ku tizirombo ndi matenda ndi kulima ndi kuweta ziweto zopilira ku tizirombo ndi matenda
English: Use climate forecast advice from extension services when implementing farm activities
Chichewa: kugwiritsa ntchito zolosela za nyengo pamene mukutsatila zochitika pamunda
English: Buy weather-related crop and livestock insurance (where available and affordable) 
Chichewa: gulani ishulansi ya zakumunda ndi ziweto (ngati zilipo komanso ngati mungakwanitse)
English: Participate in initiatives that transfer income or assets to the poor
Chichewa: tengani nawo gawo mu zochitika zopititsa chuma kapena katundu kwa anthu osauka
English: Develop efficient communication systems;
Chichewa: tukulani njira zofalitsila mauthenga zodalilika
English: Use low planting densities
Chichewa: bzalani mbewu zochepa pa malo
English: Reduce deforestation and forest degradation
Chichewa: zimachepetsa kudula mitengo mwachisawawa ndi kuononga mkhalango
English: Convert land from non-forest to forest land use
Chichewa: sinthani malo omwe palibe mitengo ndikubzalapo mitengo
English: Replant suitable aquatic plants in the aquaculture areas.
Chichewa: bzalaninso mbewu za mmadzi zabwino ku malo a ulimi wa nsomba
English: Long lactation period
Chichewa: zimatulutsa mkaka kwa nthawi yaitali
English: Withstand diseases better than exotic breeds
Chichewa: zimapilira ku matenda kusiyana ndizachikunja
English: Higher growth rate and live weight
Chichewa: zimakula komanso nyama yake ilemela kwambiri
English: The farmer is at liberty to choose semen from the bull preferred
Chichewa: mlimi ali mdi ufulu osankha umuna wa ng'ombe yomwe wafuna
English: Requires well trained personnel in AI.
Chichewa: zimafunika akatswiri odziwa za tekinilloje
English: Farmer should have knowledge in detecting heat.
Chichewa: mlimi akuyenera kukhala ndi nzeru zoziwira pamene ng'ombe ili mu nyengo yotentha
English: Farmers should always record the subsequent expected date/dates of heat.
Chichewa: mlimi akuyenra kusunga masiku amane  ng'ombe ingakhale itayamba kutentha
English: Gestation period for cattle is 280 days (nine months)
Chichewa: masiku amene ng'ombe imakahala ndi bere ndi 280 (miyezi isanu ndi inayi)
English: Fast and health growth of the fetus
Chichewa: kukula ndi thanzi la mwana osabadwa
English: The cow is restless.
Chichewa: ng'ombe imasowa mtendere
English: Two days before calving the udder swells if the teats are squeezed milk would come out
Chichewa: masiku awiri isanabereke, bere la ng'ombe limatupa ndipo mawereakae akafinyidwa mkaka umatuluka
English: Birth weight should be recorded.
Chichewa: lembani ndi kusunga kulemela kwa ng'ombe yobadwa kumene
English: Highly nutritious and contain anti-bodies
Chichewa: ndiyopasa thanzi kwambiri komanso imakhala ndi asilikali omenya nkhondo nthupi
English: The calf should fully be allowed to suckle first milk produced (known as colostrum) for the first 4 days
Chichewa: kamwna aka ng'ombe kakuyenra kuloledwa kuyamwa mkaka oyambirira wa mmawere omwe umatuluka masiku anayi oyambilira
English: If the calf fails to properly suckle, it should be bottle fed
Chichewa: ngati mwana wa ng'ommbe akulephera kukama wbino mkaka, akuyenera kumwetsedwa mkaka wa m'botolo
English: If the dam dies before the calf has received colostrum, colostrum should be acquired and given to the calf especially where another cow is available.
Chichewa: ngati ng'ombe yayikazi yafa mwana asanakame mkaka oyambilila, mkakawu ukuyenera kukamidwa ndikumwetsedwa kwa kamwana ka ng'ombe ngati pali ng'ombe ina
English: After 3 days the calf can be kept separate from the dam and artificially fed
Chichewa: pakatha masiku atatu mwana wa ng'ombe akhonza kusiyanisidwa nd ng'ombe yayikazi ndikumadyetsedwa
English: The calf should by then be slowly introduced to roughages and be adjusted to appetite
Chichewa: nthawi imeneyo kamwana ka ng'ombe kakuyenela kuyambitsidwa kudya zolimbitsa
English: At 12 weeks of age, the calf should be eating sufficient roughages and madeya in order to harden them in preparation to weaning.
Chichewa: kakakwanitsa masabata 12, kamwan aka ng'ombe kakhonza kuyamba kupatsidwa zkaudya zolimba ndi madeya cholinga zipilile pamene zikukonsekera kusiya kuyamwa
English: The animal should be dewormed and dipped accordingly
Chichewa: nyamazi zipatsidwe mankhwal a nyongolotso komanso kusamba mu madzi a mankhwala
English: wearners stage
Chichewa: nyengo yosiyisa kuyamwisa
English: Provide a feed trough.
Chichewa: perekani modyera
English: The crush is used for restraining the animal during treatments, spraying and other management procedures.
Chichewa: chipangizocho chimathandiza kukhala malo amodzi pamenezikulandila chithandizo, mankhwala ofaila ndi chisamaliro china mundondomeko
English: The floor should be made of rough concrete cement if possible or burnt bricks
Chichewa: pansi pakuyenera pakhale pozilidwa ndi simenti ngati kuli kotheka kapena pakahle pa njewra zootcha
English: The khola should be built on well-drained ground and floor to be at a slope to allow drainage
Chichewa: khola limagwidwe pa nthawi yolowa bwino madzi komanso likhale lopendama kuti madzi aziyenda bwino
English: Drains to be made around the khola.
Chichewa: ngalande zikumbidwe kuzungulira khola
English: Bedding should be clean, comfortable especially where the cow sleeps and/or can rest.
Chichewa: zogonela zokhale zoyera, makamaka pamene ng'ombe zimangona kapena kupumilapo
English: A Dairy animal requires good nutrition for maintenance, growth, production and reproduction
Chichewa: nyama ya mkaka imayenera ikhale yathanzi.
English: Provision of enough and sufficient quantity and quality roughages is the basis for high milk production.
Chichewa: kupereka zakudya zokwanira komanso zabwino ndi nsanamilo wa ulimi wa mkaka wochuluka
English: Farmers can also buy commercially produced concentrates such as calf meal and dairy mash.
Chichewa: alimi akhonza kugula zakudya zopangidwa kale ngati zakudya za mwana wa ng'ombe komanso zakudya za mkaka
English: For a lactating cow the rule of thumb is 5 litres of water for each litre of milk produced
Chichewa: kwa ng'ombe ya mkaka lamulo kale ndilokuti lipatsidwe ma lita 5 a madzi pa 1 lita iliyonse ya mkaka omwe wakamidwa
English: Animals with high productivity need mineral supplementation.
Chichewa: nyama zimene zimaswana kwabiri zimafunika zakudya zoonjezera
English: At six months, a heifer can be raised on pastures as long as it is good quality pasture.
Chichewa: pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, ng'ombe ikhonza kuwetedwa ku msipe pokhapokha ngati msipu wake ndi wabwino
English: 2 months before calving the cow/heifer should be steamed up
Chichewa: miyezi iwiri isanabereke mwana ng'ombe iyenera kutenthedwa
English: During the first three days feed cows moderate amounts of dairy mash or concentrates plus high quality roughages adlibitum.
Chichewa: masiku atatu oyambilila ipatseni ng'ombe zakudya za mkaka kapena zolimbitsa thupi ngati adlibitum
English: Plenty of cool clean drinking water should be provided all the time.
Chichewa: madzi ozozila okumwa amabiri akuyenera kuperekedwa nthawi zonse
English: If a dry cow is in good condition it can maintain its health on good quality forage only
Chichewa: mwadzi aukhondo okumwa akuyenera kuperekedwa nthawi zonse
English: Again rinse with cold clean water
Chichewa: kachikenanso tsukani ndi madzi ozizila oyera
English: Ensure that utensils are thoroughly scrubbed with a hot detergent solution.
Chichewa: onetsetsani kuti zipangizo ndizotsukidwa bwino ndi madzi otentha
English: Deliver the milk promptly to the milk bulking group.
Chichewa: kaperekeni mkaka ku gulu osonkhetsa mkaka
English: Keep the milk as cool as possible
Chichewa: onesetsani kuti mkaka ukumakhala ozizila
English: Those relating to production performance of the dairy cows.
Chichewa: zokhuza kasamalidwe ka ng'ombe za mkaka
English: All farmers involved in dairy production are grouped into Bulking Groups.
Chichewa: alimi onse opanga ulimi wa mkaka amaikidwa mmagulu osokhetsa mkaka pamodzi
English: The milk is tested and cooled at the centre.
Chichewa: mkaka umayezedwa ndikuzizilitsidwa ku likulu
English: By bulking the milk farmers are able to sell the milk to a processor; they also bargain as a group and can buy inputs in bulk at a reduced price.
Chichewa: posonkhanitsa mkaka pamodzi, ali amatha kugulitsa kwa ogaya mkaka, amathanso kunenelela mitengo ngati gulu ndikugula zipangizo zochuluka pa mtengo otsika
English: Develop program to prevent the spread of bacteria at milking time
Chichewa: tukulani mchitidwe opewa kafalidwe ka tizilombo nthawi yokama mkaka
English: Give 2.5mg/kg into muscle
Chichewa: ibayeni 2.5mg/kg mu mnofu
English: Sickness lasts for about 1 week; the animal dies or slowly recovers.
Chichewa: matenda amakhala mpakana sabata imodzi; nyama imafa kapena kuchila pang'onopang'ono
English: It is best to vaccinate calves.
Chichewa: ndikabwino kupereka katemera kwa ng'ombe
English: Heartwater can affect cattle, sheep and goats.
Chichewa: madzi a mu mtima amakhudza ng'ombe, nkhosa ndi mbuzi
English: Adult animals are affected much more severely than young animals.
Chichewa: nyama zazikulu zimakhudzidwa kwambiri kusiya ndi nyama zazing'ono
English: Weight loss, breathlessness, uncoordinated movements, abortion
Chichewa: kuonda, kupuma mobanika, kuyenda mozandira, kutaya bere
English: Local cattle, exposed to infection early in life, become infected but don't become sick
Chichewa: ng'ombe zamakolo zomwe zakhuzidwa ndi matenda zili zazing'ono zimakhuzidwa koma sidzimadwala
English: Give 20mg/kg one injection into muscle
Chichewa: bayani jakisoni mmodzi wa 20mg/kg mu nnofu
English: Anaplasmosis vaccine is combined with vaccines for Babesiosis
Chichewa: katemela wa anaplasmosis amasakanizidwa ndi katemela wa babesiosis
English: Farmers must pay for the vaccine.
Chichewa: alimi akuyenera kulipila ndalama ya katemera
English: Only exotic cattle and crosses need protection from babesiosis.
Chichewa: ng'ombe zachikunja ndizomwe zimafunika kuteteza ku babesiosis
English: Advise owners to graze cattle as far from known tsetse areas as possible.
Chichewa: langizani alimi kudyetsa ng'ombe kutali ndi malo opezeka ntchetche zoyambitsa matenda ogona
English: Inject all cattle at risk with a prophylactic drug every 2-4 months
Chichewa: bayani ng'ombe zonse zomwe zili pachiopsezo ndi mankhwala a oteteza pakati pa miyezi iwiri ndi inayi iliyonse
English: Worms can cause poor growth and deaths.
Chichewa: nyongolotsi zimayambitsa kusakula bwino komanso kufa kwa nyama
English:  Good husbandry can reduce the problem greatly.
Chichewa: ndondomeko zabwino za ulimi zikhonza kuchepetsa vutoli kwambiri
English: Remove dung from the khola daily
Chichewa: chotsani ndowe mu khola tsiku ndi tsiku
English: If liver fluke is a problem, use a drug which is effective for both roundworms and fluke e.g. Rafoxanide, Seponver, Tramizan or Trodax.
Chichewa: ngati kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a chiwindi ndi vuto, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala a nyongolosi monga  Rafoxanide, Seponver, Tramizan or Trodax.
English: Calves have high fever and find it difficult to breathe.
Chichewa: ana a ng'ombe amatentha thupi komanso kubanika popuma
English: Scouring/diarrhoea is often caused by bacteria, but it is common problem where hygiene is poor.
Chichewa: kutsekula mmimba kumadza chifukwa chama bacteria koma ndivuto lomwe limadza kwambiri kamba ka umve
English: Need for a dry and clean calf pen.
Chichewa: ndikofunikila khola la ng'ombe louma bwino komanso laukhondo
English: If the infection persists, then proceed with treatment
Chichewa: ngati matenda akupitilila, pitilizani ndi chithandizo
English: IMIDICARB (Imizol) give 1ml/100kg (2mg/kg), one injection into muscle or under skin.
Chichewa: ibayeni 1ml/kg IMIDICARB (Imizol) wa mu nnofu
English: Strategic dipping to control ticks is encouraged
Chichewa: limbikitsani kusambisa mwachizolowezi ndikofunika kuthana ndi nsikidzi
English: There is no red urine.
Chichewa: kulibe nkodzo ofiila
English: Administer Calcium Boro gluconate intravenously
Chichewa: zipasteni mankhwala a Calcium Boro gluconate podzibaya
English: The main purpose of the brooder is to provide the chicks with heating at right temperature
Chichewa: ntchito ya nyumba aya anapiye ndiyakuti anapiye azikhala malo otentha bwino
English: Sources of heat for the brooder house include parafin, gas, charcoal or electricity
Chichewa: zipangizo zotenthetsera khola la nkhuku ndi monga parafini, gasi, makala kapena magetsi
English: Provide light 24 hours per day for the first 6 days.
Chichewa: ikani zounikila kwa maola 24 tsiku lililonse kwa masiku asanu ndi limodzi oyambilira
English: The temperature can be checked using a thermometer placed at the age of the hover and 5cm above the litter
Chichewa: mukhonza kuyeza kutentha kwa thupi pogwiritsa thermometer
English: Chicks crowded together indicates that it is cold
Chichewa: nkhuku zikaunjikana pamodzi zimasonyeza kuti mukuzizila
English: Too low temperature increases feed consumption in order to maintain a good body temperature.
Chichewa: kuzizira kumapangitsa kuti zidzidya kwambiri kuti zitenthetse matupi awo
English: It is best if the building is placed so that sun rises and sets over the ends of the house, so that morning and afternoon sun does not shine onto the chickens
Chichewa: ndikwa bwino kuti nyumba iyang'ane mbali yomwe dzuwa silingamaombe kwambiri mmawa kapena madzulo
English: There are different types of houses that can be used for the broiler production but what is important is that the house should be able to protect the birds from direct sunlight, rain, draught and predators.
Chichewa: pali mitundu yambiri ya nyumba za nkhuku za nyama, koma chofunikila ndi chakuti nyumba iziteteza nkuku ku dzuwa, mvula,kusodza ndi zilombo
English: Too much heat can lead to heat stress and birds can die
Chichewa: nyengo yotentha kwambiri imapangisa kusowa mtendere ndipo mbalame zimatha kufa
English: If the chicks stay away from the centre of the brooder it means the temperature is too high.
Chichewa: ngati nkhuku zatalilkila chipangizo chotenthesela khola zimatanthauza kuti kwatentha kwambiri
English: To avoid informal marketing, farmers must form cooperatives to access better markets.
Chichewa: kupewa misika yosakhazikika, alimi akuyebera kupanga ma gulu kuti azipeza misika yabwino
English: Orf does not respond to antibiotics.
Chichewa: orf siyilora/kuvomela ma antibayotiki
English: The lambs and kids should be removed for artificially feeding in worst cases.
Chichewa: ana a nkhosa ndi mbuzi akuyenera kuchotsedwa ndikulandila chakudya chochita kupanga zikavuta kwambiri
English: Maintaining a closed and virus-free flock
Chichewa: kukhala ndi ziweto zopatulidwa komanso zopanda matenda
English: People can get infected with the Orf virus when they come into contact with infected
Chichewa: anthu amatha kutenga nthenda ya orf ngati akhudzana ndi chiweto chomwe chili ndi nthendayi
English: Hands should be washed soon after handling affected animals.
Chichewa: sambani mmanja mukatha kugwira nyama zomwe zili ndi matenda
English: Worms can cause poor growth and deaths of animals
Chichewa: nyongolotsi zimayambitsa kusakula bwino komanso kufa kwa nyama
English: Very harmful roundworms live in the stomach or intestines
Chichewa: nyongolotsi zoopsa kwambiri zimakhala mmimba ndi mmatumbo
English: Animals of any age can be affected, but it is weaners which usually suffer most
Chichewa: nyama za msikhu uliwonse zikhoza kukhuzidwa, koma zosiya kuyamwa kumene ndi zomwe zimavutika kwambri
English: Kids and lambs infected may have a cough initially (caused by larvae migrating through the lungs).
Chichewa: ana ambuzi ndi nkhosa omwe ali ndi nthendayi amasokomola( zimayamba chifukwa cha mphutsi zomwe zimayenda mmapapo)
English: Routine deworming of animals at the beginning and at the end of the rain season
Chichewa: kupereka mankhwala a nyongolotsi mwachizolowezi kumayambiliro ndi kumapeto kwa nyengo ya mvula
English: Make sure that young stock have adequate feed
Chichewa: onetsetsani kuti ziweto zazing'ono zili ndi chakudya chokwanila
English: Use different drugs each year, or by changing if/when the problem arises
Chichewa: gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala osiyana chaka chilichonse kapena kkusintha pokhapokha vuto likakula
English: Ask your animal health officer for advice if you suspect the problem exists
Chichewa: funsani kwa alaingizi aziweto ngati mukukaikila kuti vuto likupitilira
English: Newcastle disease is caused by newcastle disease virus that can live for years in a cool environment
Chichewa: chitopa chiyamba chifukwa cha kachilombo (virus) ka nthenda ya chitopa kamene kamatha kukhla zaka zambiri mu nyengo yozizila
English: decreased food conversion efficiency
Chichewa: kuchepa kwa kachitidwe kabwino pogaya zakudya
English: Egg production drops or even stops completely for 7-21days
Chichewa: kuikila kwa mazira kumatsika kapena ksuiilatu kwa masiku asanu ndi awiri mpaka makumi awiri ndi limodzi
English: often found dead suddenly with no previous signs
Chichewa: nthawi zambiri zimapezeka zitangofa mwazizizi opanga kuonesa zizizndikilo
English: Other animals stop eating, show FEVER & DIARRHOEA.
Chichewa: nyama zina zimaisya kudya, zimatentha thupi ndi kutsekula
English: Most animals die unless treated very quickly
Chichewa: nyama zambiri zimafa pokhapokha ngati zalandila chithandizo mwamsanga
English: Either prevent exposure to infection by controlling ticks or give protection by vaccination
Chichewa: pewani kuziika poyera pamene zingatenegela matenda potetedza ku nkhupakupa kapena pozipatsa katemela
English: Dairy smallholders wishing to vaccinate will find it easier if organized through their bulking group
Chichewa: alimi a ng'ombe za mkaka amene akufuna kuzibayitsa katemera akhonza kupanga mosavuta podzera mu gulu losonkhanitsa mkaka
English: Death occurs within few days.
Chichewa: imafa pakangopita masiku ochepa
English: Vaccinate chickens that have had past outbreaks of fowl pox or where there is considerable risk of infection
Chichewa: perekani katemela ku nkhuku zomwe zinagwidwapo ndi nthenda ya fowl pox kapena zomwe zili pachiopsezo chogwidwa ndi matenda
English: Fowl Pox only rarely causes high mortality but will reduce egg production in laying birds.
Chichewa: ndi nthawi zochepa zimene nkhuku zimafa ndi fowl pox koma zimachepetsa chiwerengero cha mazira cha nkhuku zoikila
English: Do not vaccinate laying birds, except in an outbreak because it may reduce their egg production for a while
Chichewa: osapereka katemera kwa nkhuku zomwe zikuyikila pokhapokha ngati nthendayo yawanda chifukwa zimachepetsa chiwerengelo cha mazira
English: Broilers do not normally need vaccination because of its short production life.
Chichewa: nkhuku za nyama sizifunika mankhwla kwenikweni chifuwa zimawetedwe ka nthawi kochepa
English: Clean out drinkers with non-chlorinated water (use no disinfectant) and allow to dry.
Chichewa: tsukani momwera madzi ndi madzi opanda chlorine (osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opha tizilombo) ndi kuzisiya ziwume
English: Dissolve vaccine in vial with water
Chichewa: sungunulani katemera ndi madzi mu kabotolo kosungunulila
English: Mix this into 1 litre of water that has 1 teaspoon of skimmed milk powder added.
Chichewa: sakanizani izi mu madzi a 1 lita omwe asakanizidwa ndi supuni imodzi yaing'no ya mkaka wa ufa
English: Vaccines are used to protect birds.
Chichewa: katemera amagwirtsidwa ntchito potetedza mbalembe
English: Record keeping assists a farmer to check whether he/she is making profits or not
Chichewa: kusunga zolemba kumathandiza mlimi kudziwa ngati akupanga phindu kapen ayi
English: At times when there is not much Gumboro disease in the area and farm hygiene is good, a single vaccination at 21days will offer reasonable protection.
Chichewa: ngati kulibe nthenda ya Gumboro mu deralo komanso ku
English: To encourage nesting when the birds have just started laying
Chichewa: kulimbikitsa kumanga zitsa pamene mbalame zangoyamba kuyikila
English: Before the birds are transferred into the khola clean and disinfection of the premises should be done.
Chichewa: mbalame zisanayikidwe mu khola mukuyenera kukonza ndi kuthira mankhwala malo ozungulira
English: It also eases other operations like feeding, breeding, and treatments
Chichewa: zimakhuzanso zichitochito zina monga kadyedwe, kaberekedwe ndi kasamalidwe ku matenda
English: Well- developed udder with 2 well developed teats
Chichewa: bele lang'ombe lokula bwino lokhala ndi khumbu ziwiri zokula bwino
English: Separate young ones and Dam from the flock up to 3 days, supplement dam
Chichewa: siyanitsani ana ndi ng'ombe yaikazi ku ng'ombe zina kwa masiku atatu ndipo ipatseni ng'ombe yaikazi zakudya zoonjezela
English: Separate young ones from dam day and night from 4-30 days allow suckling twice per day
Chichewa: siyanitsani ana ndi ng'ombe yaikazi usana ndi usiku kuyambira tsiku lachinayi mpaka masiku makumi atatu ndipo lolani kuti tiyamwe kawiri pa tsiku
English: Local cattle, exposed to infection early in life, become infected but don't become sick.
Chichewa: ng'ombe zamakolo, zomwe zaikidwa pachiopsezo chamatenda pamene zili zazing'ono, zimakhala ndi matendawo koma sidzimadwala
English: Goats and sheep are readily sold for breeding and slaughter.
Chichewa: mbuzi ndi nkhosa zimagulitsidwa ngati zoweta kapena zokapha
English: Goats and sheep are the most marketed ruminant livestock and forms one of lucrative enterprise.
Chichewa: mbuzi ndi nkhosa ndi ziweto zomwe zimagulitsidwa kwambiri ndipo ndi imodzi mwa ntchito zamalonda zaphindu
English: The khola must be on a well drained soils
Chichewa: khola likuyenera limangidwe pa nthaka yosasunga madzi
English: The khola should be near the dwelling house for security reasons
Chichewa: khola liyandikile nyumba yokhalidwa ndi anthu pa zifukwa za chitetezo
English: It is therefore important to:  Sweep the house floor daily to prevent the accumulation of dung
Chichewa: kotero ndikofunikila kusesa khola la ng'ombe tsiku ndi tsiku kuti mupewe kuchulukana kwa ndowe
English: A standard or improved house cannot offer the animals a healthy environment unless it is regularly kept clean of the droppings.
Chichewa: khola labiwno kapena lamakono silipereka malo a thanzi kwa ziweto pokhapokha ngati mukusamalidwa bwino ku ndowe
English: Good housing is important as it serves several functions like protecting goats and sheep from adverse weather conditions, reduction in disease transmission, reduces theft and predation
Chichewa: khola labwino ndi ofunika chifukwa limapereka chitetezo kwa mbuzi ndi nkhosa ku nyengo zovuta komanso kuchepetsa kupatsilana kwa matenda, kuba ngakhaleso kuzilombo
English: Change area daily to avoid pests and parasite build –up
Chichewa: sinthani malo tsiku ndi tsiku kuwopesa ku tizilombo komanos kuchulukana kwa tizilombo
English: In all cases, animals should be provided with water and shelter
Chichewa: mu nyengo zonse, nyama ziyenera kupatsidwa madzi ndi malo okhala
English: Caution: Avoid taking stocks for grazing before dew is gone to prevent them from catching worms.
Chichewa: chenjezo: pewani kupititsa ziweto kokadya msipu mame asanawume kupewa kuti zingagwidwe ndi nyongolosi
English: Graze for at least 8hrs in dry season and 5hrs in rainy season and then move them to a different area after 50% of grazing in a particular field, Graze in banks in dry season and upland in rainy season to prevent worm infestation.
Chichewa: zidye kwa maola asanu ndi atatu mu nyengo ya dzuwa ndi maola asanu mu nyengo ya chilimwe ndipo zipititseni kudera lina zikadya kwa theka mmunda umenewo. Dyetsani mphepete mwa mitsinje munyengo ya dzinja ndipo kumtunda munyengo yachilimwe popewa kugwidwa ndi nyongolosi
English: Goats are generally browsers and this ability enables them to feed on a variety of herbage but under confinement there is need for supplementation.
Chichewa: kwambiri mbuzi zimadya zomera zitalizitali ndipo izi zimathandiza kuti zidzidya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera zobiliwira koma ngati zikusungidwa osayendayenda ziyenera kupatsidwa zakudya zowonjezera
English: feeds and feeding system of goats and sheep
Chichewa: zakudya ndi njira za kadyetsedwe ka mbuzi ndi nkhosa
English: Deworm the kids at 2 months and then 1 months after onset of rains
Chichewa: ana apatseni mankhwala a nyongolosi akafika miyezi iwiri komanso pakatha mwezi umodzi chiyambire nyengo ya mvula
English: From 30 –120 days allow the young to graze with adults and separate them at night.
Chichewa: kwa masiku 30 mpaka 120 lolani tiana tidyere pamodzi ndi ziweto zazikulu ndi kutipatula usiku
English: The loss in quality can be minimized by keeping the eggs at right temperature and humidity
Chichewa: titha kuchepetsa chionongeko cha mazira powasunga pamalo otentha moyenera komanso achinyezi choyenera
English: Pack the eggs in clean packing materials
Chichewa: ikani mazira mu zipangizo zoyikilamo zoyera
English: Keep the eggs cool and at right humidity immediately after collecting them
Chichewa: sungani mazira pa malo ozizila komanso achinyezi choneyera oyenela mukangotha kutolera
English: Hence, a farmer must make sure that there is ready market for the eggs.
Chichewa: kotelo, mlimi akuyenera awonesetse kuti ali ndi msika opezekelatu wa mazira
English: Adequate Nesting boxes should be provided in layer house.
Chichewa: mabokosi a zitsa zoyikililamo okwanira akuyenera kupezeka mu khola la nkhuku zoyikila
English: bird density should be 5-6 hens/m²
Chichewa: chiwerengero cha mbalame chikuyenera chikhale zisanu kapena zisanu ndi imodzi pa m²
English: Deep litter system is the commonly used type of housing by smallholder farmers
Chichewa: dongosolo la zinyalala zakuya ndi njiara imene alimi ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito pomanga makola (nyumba)
English: Feed intake depends on nutrient content, temperature, laying rate, egg size and body weight
Chichewa: kadyedwe ka zakudya kamatengela thanzi la chakudya, nyengo, kaikilidwe ka mazira, kukula kwa mazira ndi kulemela kwa nkhuku
English: The transfer must not be stressful to the birds due to changes in environment and equipment
Chichewa: kusamutsa nkhuku sikjuyenera kukhale kodetsa nkhawa kwa nkhuku chifukwa cha kusintha kwa malo ndi zipangizo
English: De-worming should be carried out 3 days before moving the birds.
Chichewa: kupereka mwankhwala a nyongolotsi zitha kuchitidwa masiku atatu musasuthe nkhuku zanu
English: A farmer can also decide to raise the pullets in a chick rearing house and then move them to the laying house when they are about to start laying.
Chichewa: mlimi akhonza kupanga chiganizo chosunga nthazi mu nyumba yolerela anapiye kenako ndikuzisuntha zikayamba kuyikila
English: Poorly managed pullets will perform poorly as layers
Chichewa: nkhuku zomwe sizikusamalidwa bwino sizichita bwino poyikila
English: Sugar can be added to the water to make 4-8% solution which can help the chicks replenish depleted energy and stimulate the chicks to start feeding.
Chichewa: shuga akhonza kuikidwa ku madzi kuti mupange madzi wotsekemera 4-8% yemwe angathandize kuti nkhuku zibwezeretse mphamvu ndikupeleka chilakolako kuti ziyamambenso kudya zakudya
English: During brooding period the chicks are given starter marsh.
Chichewa: nthawi yofungatira ana, anapiye amapatsidwa zakudya zoyambilira zokulitsa
English: Chicks should be placed in the brooder as soon as they arrive.
Chichewa: anapiye akuyenera ayikidwe mu khola lotenthera akangofika
English: The litter works as an insulator and help absorb moisture from droppings
Chichewa: zinyalala zoyika pansi zimagwira ntchito ngati chotenthetsera ndi kuthandiza kuyamwa chinyontho chochokela ku zitosi za nkhuku
English: Deep litter rearing of chicks is by far the most prevalent
Chichewa: makola a zinyalala zakuya ndi njira yotchuka kwambiri yowetela nkhuku
English: A farmer needs to develop a business plan before engaging into egg production enterprise.
Chichewa: mlimi akuyenera kusanja pulani asanayambe malonda ogulitsa mazira
English: On average water requirement from day old to slaughter age is about 12 litres/chicken
Chichewa: mongoyerekeza madzi amene amafunikila kuyambila tsiku loyamba mpakana tsiku lophedwwa ndi ma lita 12 pa nkhuku iliyonse
English: Fresh and clean water should be offered daily
Chichewa: madzi oyenera akuyenra kuperekedwa tsiku lililonse
English: Growing birds have different nutritional requirements throughout the growing period
Chichewa: pamene mbalame zikukula zimakhala ndi zosowekera zosiyanasiyana pa thanzi lawo pa nyengo yomwe zikukula
English: The feeding space can be determined by using a trough with 40cm diameter for every 30 birds
Chichewa: malo odyera angayezedwe pogwiritsa ntchito malo odyera otambalala 40cm pa mbalame makumi atatu alisonse
English: On average feed intake for broilers from day old to slaughter age of 6 – 8 weeks is about 4kg/bird
Chichewa: chikatikati cha chakudya chimene nkhuku ya nyama imayenera kudya kuyambila tsiku loyamba mpaka tsiku lophedwa pakati pa masabata asanu ndi limodzi mpaka asanu ndi atatu ndi 4kg pa nkhuku iliyonse
English: Controlling litter moisture is the most important step in avoiding ammonia 
Chichewa: kuthana ndi chinyontho mu khola ndikofunika kwambiri chifukwa kumathandiza kupewa mpweya wa ammonia
English: Too dry and dusty litter causes dehydration of young chicks, respiratory diseases and increases condemnations.
Chichewa: zinyalala zouma komanso zafumbi kwambiri zimayambitsa kusowa kwa madzi kmthupi mwa anapiye, matenda ammapapo ndi kuchulukitsa anapiye akufa
English: A cow should be bred again around 60 days 
Chichewa: ng'ombe ikuyenera kukwatitsidwanso pakatha masiku 60
English: Protect the calf from predators.
Chichewa: kuteteza mwana wa ng'ombe ku zilombo
English: Overstocking will restrict movement causing leg problems, bruising and death
Chichewa: kuchulutsa ziweto mkhola kumakanikisa mayendedwe omwe amayambisa mavuto a miyendo, kusupuka komanso kufa
English: Stocking density depending on the breed
Chichewa: kuchulukwa kwa ziweto nkhola kumatengela ndi mtundu wake
English: 20 to 25 chicks/m for day old chicks
Chichewa: anapiye 20 mpaka 25 pa mita kwa nkhuku za tsiku limodzi
English: 10 to 12 chicks/m for 21 to 25 day old chicks
Chichewa: anapiye 10 mpaka 12 pa mita iliyonse za nkhuku za masiku 21 mpka 25
English: Goat and sheep farmers need to know age of their animals in order make informed decisions of breeding stock selection
Chichewa: alimi a mbuzi ndi nkhosa akuyenera kuziwa zaka za ziweto zawo ndi cholinga chokuti azipanga ziganizo zabwino pamene akusanga ziweto zobeleka
English: It utilizes natural vegetation at no cost
Chichewa: zimagwiritsa ntchito zomela mwachilengegwe opanda kulowetsa  ndalama
English: Sufficient time for animals to select their preferred herbage.
Chichewa: nthawi yokwanila kuti nyma zisankhe zakudya zimene zikuufuna
English: Nutritional satisfaction depends on quality and density of fodder, Nutritive value change with season.
Chichewa: kukhutila ndi thanzi kumatenegla ndi  kuchuluka kwa zakudya,  thanzi limasintha malingana ndi nyengo
English: Animals damage field crops and household items.
Chichewa: nyama zimawononga mbewu zakumunda ngakhaleso zinthu zapakhomo
English: Animals are subjected to theft, predation and loss
Chichewa: nyama zimatha kubedwa, kudyedwa ndi nyama zina ndi kusowa
English: Overgrazing is controlled
Chichewa: kumachepetsa kudyetsa ziweto kwmabiri
English: Sick animals can be easily identified
Chichewa: nyama zomwe zikudwala ndizosavuta kuzizindikila
English: People handling infected animals should wear protective gloves at all times.
Chichewa: anthu amene akuthandiza nymama zomwe zili ndi matenda avale ma gulovo ozitetezela nthawi zonse
English: Pneumonia is common in later stages.
Chichewa: chibayo chimavuta pamene zikukula
English: One animal cannot catch heart water directly from another.
Chichewa: ziweto sizingapatsilane nthenda ya heart water
English: Animals can be run over by vehicles as they cross roads
Chichewa: nyama zimathanso kugundidwa ndi magalimoto pamene zikuwoloka pa nseu
English: If chicks have been transported for a long distance and period, provide them with water for the first 2-3 hours prior to providing them feed.
Chichewa: ngati mukusamusa nkhuku kupita dera lakutali, zipatseni madzi okumwa pakatha ma ola awiri kapena atatu musanazipatse chakudya
English: To boost the chicks, add vitamin supplement to drinking water for the first 3 days
Chichewa: kuti nkhuku zikule, zipateseni ma vitamini m'madzi masiku atatu oyambilira