dmatekenya/chichewa-machine-translation huggingface dataset:
English: You need support from your employer, colleagues and family, and some flexibility in your working arrangements
Chichewa: Mumafunika chithandizo kuchokera kwa wokulembani ntchito, anzanu komanso abanja komanso kumasuka m’mene mungagwilire ntchito
English: If you wish to continue breastfeeding after you return to paid work, you are legally entitled to support from your employer
Chichewa: Ngati mukufuna kupitiliza kuyamwitsa mukabwelera ku ntchito muli ndi ufulu wolandila chithandizo kuchokela kwa wokulembani ntchito
English: Some of the work-related obstacles to breastfeeding include early return to work – one study found that mothers who intended to return to work within 6 weeks of giving birth were less likely to start breastfeeding in the first place
Chichewa: Mwa zina zophinja pomelo antchito ukamayamwitsa ndi monga kubwelera kuntchito mwachangu- kafukufuku m’modzi waonetsa kuti azimayi ambiri amene amayembekezera kubwelera ku ntchito patatha masaba asanu ndi limodzi atabeleka sayambilatu kuyamwitsa mwana
English: Inadequate facilities in the workplace – for example, lack of privacy or no access to a fridge. No lactation breaks – a mother needs breaks to express milk or go to feed her baby
Chichewa: Zipangizo zochepa kumalo antchito- mwachitsanzo,kusowa chinsinsi kapena kupanda fuliji. Kusakhala ndi mpumulo oyamwitsa- mayi amafunika mpumulo kuti ayamwitse kapena kumudyetsa mwana
English: If you would like to continue breastfeeding after you return to work, ask your work supervisor, the equal employment opportunities officer, human resources manager or your union about your workplace’s breastfeeding policies. Try to do this before you go on parental leave
Chichewa: Ngati mukufuna kupitliza kuyamwitsa mukabwelera ku ntchito, afunseni okuyan’ganilani, opelekani mwayi ofana wa ntchito, oyan’ganira zakulemba ndi kuchotsa anthu pa ntchito kapena agulu lapatchito za malamulo oyamwitsira pa ntchito. Yesani kuchita izi musanapite kopuma kolera mwana
English: Discuss with your employer your intention to continue breastfeeding, ideally before you go on parental leave
Chichewa: Kambilanani ndi wokulembani ntchito malingaliro anu ofuna kupitliza kuyamwitsa mwana, musanapite kopuma
English: If you cannot go to your baby for feeds during working hours, decide how often you will need to express milk. The number of times per day will depend on the age and needs of your baby
Chichewa: Ngati simungakwanitse kuyamwitsa mwana nthawi ya ntchito, pangani chiganizo kuti muzipita kangati koyamwitsa. Mlingo wa patsiku woyamwitsira mwana umatengera zaka komanso zofuna za mwana
English: Choose an appropriate method. Breastmilk can be expressed by hand or with a manual or electric breast pump. An electric pump with a double pumping kit is the fastest, which could make it the best choice for use at work
Chichewa: Sakhani njira yofunika. Mkaka wa m’mawere ukhoza kutulutsidwa pofinya ndi manja kapena kugwiritsa ntchito makina opopela mkaka. Makina opopela mkaka mawere onse ndiachangu kotero kuti ikhoza kukhaa njira yabwino yogwilitsa ntchito ku ntchito
English: Look for childcare or a babysitter close to your work (rather than close to your home). That way, you may be able to visit the childcare centre during breaks to breastfeed your baby or else have the babysitter bring your baby to your workplace. Discuss these options with your employer and the baby’s carer
Chichewa: Fufuzani wosamalira mwana pafupi ndi ku ntchito kwanu kapena kufupi ndi kunyumba kwanu. Mukatero kuzakhala kotheka kupita kukamuona mwana nthawi yopuma kuti mukamuyamwitse kapena osamalira mwana kumubweletsa mwanayo ku ntchito kwanu. Kambilanani njira zonsezi ndi wokulembani ntchito komanso osamalira mwana
English: It is illegal for an employer to discriminate against you (treat you differently or unfairly) because you are breastfeeding Try to negotiate a reasonable agreement first, but if your employer makes it difficult for you to continue breastfeeding, speak to your union representative
Chichewa: Ndizosaloledwa kuti olemba ntchito akusaleni kapena chifukwa mukuyamwitsa. Yesani kukambilana ndikugwirazana kaye koma ngati wokulembani ntchito akulimbitsa zinthu kuti mupitilize kuyamwitsa yakhulani ndi wa gulu loyan’ginira ogwira ntchito.
English: While animals can be fun, they can also be dangerous. Always supervise your child around any animal. Teach your children to play safely with pets, and to avoid or respond to danger signs
Chichewa: Ngakhale kuti nyama zili zosangalatsa zikhoza kukhalaso zowopsya. Muyan’ganileni mwana wanu nthawi zonse pamene nyama. Aphunzitseni ana anu kusewela kwambino ndi zoweta komanso chepetsani kapena kuyankha zinthu zowopsya
English: Know what to do in case of an emergency; many children love animals, enjoy close relationships and learn life lessons from their own pets. However, there are responsibilities and risks involved when children and animals are together
Chichewa: Dziwani zochita pamene pachitika zinthu zadzidzi; ana ambiri amakonda zinyama, kukonda maubwenzi komanso kuphunzira za moyo kuchokera ku ziweto. Komabe, pali zofunika kuchita ndi zowopsya pamene ana ndi zinyama ali limodzi
English: It is important that children are taught the skills to behave safely around animals, and to prevent and recognize any problems that may arise
Chichewa: Ndizofunika kuti ana aphunzitsidwe maluso m’mene angakhalire pali nyama komanso kupewa ndi kudziwa mavuto amene angabwere
English: You should teach children to always treat animals gently and calmly. Never hurt, tease, frighten, surprise or corner an animal. Always closely supervise children near animals, including pets
Chichewa: Mukuyenela kuwaphunzitsa ana kuti azikhala bwino ndi ziweto. Osazipweteka, kuzunza, kuziopseza, kuzidzidzimutsa kapena kuzitchinga. Nthawi zonse yan’ganirani ana pafupi ndi ziweto kuphatikizapo zoweta
English: If this is not possible, then separate them. Separate children and animals including pets during noisy high-energy play, when food is present, and when the animal or child is sleeping. Never disturb an animal that is eating or sleeping
Chichewa: Ngati sikuli kotheka, asiyanitseni. Siyanitsani ana ndi nyama komanso ziweto nthawi yophokoso komanso, pamene pali chakudya komanso pamene nyama kapena mwana akugona. Osasokoneza nyama ikamadya kapena kugona.
English: There is a proportion of children who are injured each year due to an incident with a dog. Children five years old or younger are most at risk and are most frequently bitten by their own or a friend’s dog, usually in or around the home
Chichewa: Pali mlingo wa ana amene amavulazidwa cha chili chonse ndizochitika ndi galu. Ana azaka zisanu kapena kuchepela apo amakhala pachiopsezo ndipo nthawi zambiri amalumidwa ndi galu wawo kapena wanzawo ali kunyumba
English: Incidents are usually triggered by a child’s interaction with the dog during play, eating or when the dog is sleeping
Chichewa: Iziz zimachitika malinga ndi maseweledwe ndi galu pamene akusewera, kudya kapena pamene galu akugona
English: Children always need constant, close supervision when near dogs, especially during play when children must be gentle with dogs. Teach children to leave a dog alone when it is sleeping or eating
Chichewa: Ana amafunika kuyan’ganilidwa akakhala pafupi ndi galu makamaka pamene akusewera ndipamene ana amayenera kukhala achisasati ndi galu. Aphuzitseni ana kumusiya galu pamene akugona kapena kudya
English: Children must leave a dog alone when it lifts its lips, growls, backs away, raises the hair on its back or stares at you
Chichewa: Ana akuyenera kumusiya galu pamene galu mwanyamula lilime lake, kuhuwa, kubwelera m’mbuyo, kudzutsa tsitsi kapena kuyan’gana mosalekeza
English: Teach children not to approach an unfamiliar dog, even if it looks friendly. Always have your child ask you and the dog owner if they want to pat a dog
Chichewa: Aphunzitseni ana kuti asamufikile galu wachilendo ngakhale pamene akuoneka wochezeka. Nthawi zonse aloleni ana akufunseni komanso mwini wa galu ngati akufuna kumugwira galu
English: If a child is approached by an unfamiliar dog, teach the child to stand completely still, arms by their sides, hands in a fist, and not to run or scream, or make eye contact with the dog
Chichewa: Ngati mwana wafikilidwa ndi galu wachilendo, muphuzitseni mwana kuyima osasutha, manja ataika m’mbali, atakunga khonyo ndipo osathamanga kapena kukuwa kapena kuphana maso ndi galu
English: Train the dog to obey commands such as sit, stay, drop and come. Never intervene between dogs that are fighting
Chichewa: Muphunzitseni galu kutsatsa malamulo monga kukhala, kusiya, kubwera. Osalowelera pamene agalu akumenyana
English: When choosing a dog to be part of your family, research what breed will be best for your lifestyle and environment
Chichewa: Mukamasakha galu wakuti akhale ndi inu, fufuzani kaye mtundu wake kuti mudziwe galu woyenera makhalidwe anu ndikumene mumakhala
English: Training, socializing with adults, children and other animals, and keeping your dog healthy are essential
Chichewa: Kuphunzira, kucheza ndi akuluakulu, ana komanso nyama ndi galu wanu kukhala wanthanzi ndizofunika
English: Injuries from cats are mainly bites or scratches commonly on the head, neck or upper extremity, commonly causing puncture wounds that may become infected
Chichewa: Kupwetekeka chifukwa cha phaka makamaka kulumidwa kapena kukalidwa pamutu, pakhosi kapena kumtunda zimachititsa zilonda zomwe zimatha kusunga matenda
English: Cats have a lot of nasty bacteria on their teeth and claws. These teeth and claws are quite sharp. Any cat bites or scratches must be thoroughly washed and disinfected
Chichewa: Aphaka amakhala ndi tizilombo m’mano komanso zala zawo. Mano awo ndi zala ndimakhala zakuthwa. Polamidwa kapena kukalidwa ndi mphaka pakuyenela kutsikudwa.
English: Keep good hygiene by not allowing children access to litter trays or playing in garden beds that the cat uses for toileting. Keep cats out of a child’s nursery so that they do not have access to the cot
Chichewa: Kukhala ndi ukhondo poswaloleza ana kufikila pazinyala kapena kusewela padimba pamene phaka amabibila. Ikani aphaka mosayandikana ndi kumene amasewela ana kuti asafikile kosewelako
English: Insects can sometimes be fascinating for children. Some children enjoy playing with and picking up insects. It is very important to teach your children that insects are not playthings, especially bees and wasps
Chichewa: Tizilombo nthawi zina timakhala todabwitsa kwa ana. Ana ena amakonda kusewela komanso kutola tizilombo. Ndizofunika kwambiri kuphunzitsa ana anu kuti tizilombo sitosewela nato makamaka njuchi ndi nyerere
English: More importantly, make sure that your child does not put insects in their mouth, to avoid infections and stinging. Mosquito bites are very common among young children. As they are too young to be aware of this problem, it is most important to take precautions
Chichewa: Zofunikira kwambiri, wonetsetsani kuti mwana wanu sakuika tizilombo mkamwa kuti asatenge matenga komanso kulumidwa. Kulumidwa ndi udzudzu kumachulukila kwa ana. Chifukwa amakhala achichepere kuti adziwe vutoli, ndikoyenela kutsatira njira zotetezera zoyenera
English: If a child is playing outside, always put some kind of protective cream or sprays on their bodies to keep them from being bitten
Chichewa: Ngati mwana akusewela panja, nthawi zonse adzoletseni mafuta owateteza kapena zowazila pathupi lawo kuwateteza kuti asalumidwe
English: Teach children not to disturb or provoke venomous creatures, as they are likely to attack. Try to avoid walking through long grass and unsafe bushland when you have children with you
Chichewa: Aphunzitseni ana anu kusasokoneza zinyama za ululu zimene zikhoza kuwapweteka. Yesetsani osayenda mu udzu utaliutali komanso kutchire kosatetezeka pamene muli ndi ana
English: Dress children in closed-in shoes and long pants when in the bush and use insect repellents on children over 12 months
Chichewa: Amvekeni ana nsapato zotseka komanso mabuluku ataliatali pamene muli ku tchire komanso gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala othamangitsira tizilombo kwa ana oposera miyezi khumi ndi iwiri
English: Soft drinks from a can or bottle should be drunk through a straw, as wasps and bees are attracted to the sweetness. Keep children away from insect nests
Chichewa: Zakumwa zosaledzeletsa za mubotolo zikueyenera kumwedwa kugwiritsa ntchito mapaipi chifukwa nyerere komanso njuchi zimatsata kuzuna. Aikeni ana anu motalikilana ndi malo atizilombo
English: Some children have an allergic reaction to bee, wasp or ant stings. This may result in breathing difficulties and can be life threatening. A child can have a severe and sudden allergic reaction to an allergen – this is called anaphylaxis
Chichewa: Ana ena amakhala ndi ziwengo akalumidwa ndi ndi njuchi kapena nyerere. Izi zimapangitsa kuti azivutika kupuma ndipo zimatha kuopseza moyo. Mwana akhoza kukhala ndi vuto lalikulu komanso mwadzidzidzi kuzoyambitsa ziwengo - izi zimatchedwa anaphylaxis
English: If you know a child to be allergic to stings, make sure they wear a medical alert bracelet or pendant and always carry prescribed medication
Chichewa: Ngati mukudziwa mwana ali nd ziwengo akalumidwa, wonetsetsani kuti amavala chizindikilo chapankono chakuchipatala kapena cholemba ndipo akuyenera kunyamula mankhwala
English: You may find a person or an issue upsets you so much that you lash out. Violence may also be a way to release frustration when you don't know what’s upsetting you
Chichewa: Pakhoza kukhala munthu kapena nkhani imene yakukhumudwitsani kuti mpaka muakalipa. Kupanga chiwawa ikhoza kukhala njira yochotsela kukhumudwa pamene sukudziwa chimene chikukumudwitsa.
English: This can be dangerous to both you and others, and may result in criminal charges. To overcome violence, write a list of things that make you angry, for example, particular situations, people, moods, drugs or alcohol
Chichewa: Izi zikhoza kukhala zoopsya kwa inu komanso ena ndipo zikhoza kuyambila milandu. Kuti muthane ndi chiwawachi, lembani ndanda wa zinthu zimene zimakupangitsani kukwiya, mwachitsanzo zochitika, anthu, kusangalala, mankhwala komanso mowa
English: Think about ways to avoid these people or things and about ways to contain your violence. There are many people you can talk to who can help you overcome your feelings of wanting to lash out
Chichewa: Ganizirani njira zopewela anthu kapena zinthu ndi njira zothetsera chiwawa chanu. Pali anthu ambiri amene ungayakhule nawo kuti akuthandizeni kuthana ndi m’mene mukumvera pofuna kuphudzuka.
English: Everyone has arguments. Arguments can arise for any number of reasons including: you may be having trouble understanding someone else's thoughts on an issue
Chichewa: Aliyense amakhala ndi mikanganano. Mikanganano imatha kudza chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga: utha kukhala ndi mavuto osamvetsetsa momwe munthu wina akuganizira pa nkhani.
English: It may help to ask them questions about their point of view your values, goals or needs may conflict with those of someone else, you may not understand what other people are trying to say or do
Chichewa: Zikhoza kukhala zothandiza kufunsa m’mene iwo zinthu akuziwonela, m’mene umaonela zinthu, masophenya kapena zokhumba zako zikhoza kukhala zosagwirizana ndi munthu wina, sumangamvetse zomwe anthu ena akunena kapena kupanga
English: Unresolved arguments can cause problems. They can cause confusion and feelings of resentment, stress and tension, sleeplessness, illness, family breakdowns or poor relationships, aggression or violence
Chichewa: Mikangano yosakambilana zitha kubweletsa mavuto. Zitha kudzetsa kubalalika,komanso kudanitsa, kuphinjika m’maganizo komanso mpungwepungwe, kuvuta kugona, kudwala, kusephanitsa zibale kapena kukhala maubwenzi owofoka, kupanga zinthu mwaukali kapena chiwawa
English: When you have had an argument, it’s easy to stay angry or upset with the other person. If you don't resolve an argument with a person you see often, it can be a very uncomfortable experience
Chichewa: Mukakhala kuti munali ndi mikingano; ndizopheka kukhala wokwiya kapena kudandaula zamunthu wina uja. Ngati simunathane ndi mikangano ndi munthu amene mumaonana pafupipafupi; zitha kukhala zinthu zotangwanitsa.
English: Talking to the person about your disagreement may or may not help. If you do approach them, make sure it’s in a helpful way. Stay calm, and communicate openly and honestly
Chichewa: Kuyakhulana ndi munthu za kusagwirizana kukhoza kukhala kothandiza kapena kosathandiza. Ngati mwawafikila, wonetsetsani kuti ndimothandiza. Khalani wodekha komanso lumikizanani momasuka ndimowona mtima
English: If the person could be violent or abusive, it may be best not to approach them directly. You could talk to them over the phone to see if they are open to finding a solution to the argument
Chichewa: Ngati munthuyo akhoza kukhala wamavuvu kapena wankhanza, ndibwino kuwapewa. Mukhoza kuyakhula nawo pa lamya kuti muone ngati ali omasuka kupeza yankho la mkanganowo
English: If you decide to do this, make sure there is someone you trust with you for support, and that you’re in a safe environment
Chichewa: Ngati mwapanga chiganizo kuti mupanga zimenezi, wonetsetsani kuti munthu amene mumakhulupilira nanu kuti akuthandizeni, ndipo kuti muli malo abwino
English: Try and tell the person how you feel as a result of their opinion, but avoid trying to tell them how they feel. It is possible to agree to disagree
Chichewa: Yesetsani kumuza munthuyo m’mene mukumvera chifukwa cha maganizo awo koma pewani kuwauza m’mene mukumvera. Ndizotheka kugwirizana komanso kusagwirizana
English: You may need someone else to help you resolve the disagreement. You could ask a third person to act as a go-between and help you both get another view on the argument
Chichewa: Mukhoza kufuna munthu wina kuti akuthandizeni kuthetsa kusagwirazana. Mukhoza kupepha munthu wina kuti akhale ngati m’khala pakati ndikuthandiza kudziwa m’bali yanzako pozakanazo
English: There are good reasons for dealing with arguments, including it will give you a sense of achievement and make you feel more positive. You may feel more relaxed, healthier and able to get a good night's sleep. You may develop stronger relationships. You may feel happier
Chichewa: Pali zifukwa zambiri zothanilana ndi mikingano, monga kukupangitsa kukwanilitsa chinthu komanso kukhala ndimaganizo abwino. Ukhoza kukhala omasuka, wanthanzi komanso kukhala ndi tulo labwino. Mumapanga maubwenzi abwino. Mukhoza kukhala osangalala.
English: Sibling rivalry is normal. However, it can become a problem, particularly among children who are the same gender and close together in age
Chichewa: Maudani apachibale ndiabwinobwino. Komabe limakhala vuto pamene anawa ali amuna kapena akazi okhaokha koamnso kukhala oyandikilana zaka
English: Fighting between young children usually decreases as they get older and learn more language, tolerance and social skills
Chichewa: Kumenyana kwa ana nthawi zambiri kumachepa akamakula komanso kuphunzira zilakhulo zambiri, kulolerana komanso kuphunzira maluso okhalira ndi anzawo
English: Some siblings will get on with each other all through their lives, and some will have years of getting on and then years of not getting on. However, some siblings with different personalities, temperaments and other issues between them may never really like each other or be able to get on
Chichewa: Ana ena amagwirizana moyo wawo onse ndipo pamakhala zaka zogwirizana ndi zaka osagwirizana. Komabe, ana ena amakhala ndi khalidwe, kupsa mtima komanso zinthu zina pakati pawo ndipo sangakondane kweni kweni kapena kugwirizana
English: Competition is heightened in the case of identical twins. Being compared and contrasted with each other seems to encourage competition and rivalry
Chichewa: Kupikisana kumakula akakhala kuti ndi ana obadwa limodzi wowoneka mofanana. Kuwafananiza kundikusiyanitsa kumalimbikitsa mpikisano komanso kudana
English: Low self-esteem, depression and jealousy are more likely if one child is out-performed by their brother or sister in some way. Studies have shown that a twin who is out-performed is likely to abandon an activity altogether to avoid direct competition, even if they show great potential themselves
Chichewa: Kuzionela pansi, kukhumudwa komanso nsanje zimachitika ngati mwana wina waposa m’chimwene wake kapena m’longo wake pachina chake. Kafufukufuku waonetsa kuti mwana obadwa limodzi amene waposedwa ndi zake amasiyilatu ntchito kupewa mpikisano ngakhale kuti akuonetsa kuthekela muchithucho
English: The arrival of a new sibling is one time when strong feelings of jealousy and displacement can occur in an older child
Chichewa: Kubwera kwa mwana wina kumabweletsa nsanje komanso kufuna kukhala pawokha kumachitika mwana akakhala wa mkulu
English: It is natural that they may feel threatened and jealous. The parental attention that used to be theirs is now shared with another
Chichewa: Ndichilengwedwe kuti aziwona kuwoopsezedwa komanso ansanje. Kufunidwa ndi kholo kumene kumakhala kuti ndi kwawo ayamba kugawana ndi wina
English: An older child has a lot to cope with when there is a new baby. Sometimes, the baby uses their bassinet and other equipment, and even gets the older child's baby clothes
Chichewa: Mwana wokulirapo amadutsa muzambiri pakhala mwana obadwa kumene. Nthawi zina, mwana wobadwa kumeneyo amatenga zinthu ndi zipangizo zina zamwana winayo komanso kutenga zovala za ma mwana wokulirapoyo
English: The older child can act out feelings through their behaviour. As parents, try to respond empathically to the child's feelings, not the behaviour. The child will need reassurance and support through this challenging time
Chichewa: Mwana wankuluyo amatha kuonetsa makhalidwe muzochiitika zawo. Ngati makolo, yesetsani kumvera m’menee mwanayo akumbera osati khalidwe lawo. Mwana amafuna chilimbikitso komanso chithandizo munyengo yovutayi.
English: It is difficult to prepare children under 18 months of age for a new sibling, because their vocabulary and comprehension are limited
Chichewa: Ndizovuta kumukhozekeletsa mwana okwanira miyezi khuni isanu ndi itatu m’bale wawo chifukwa chiyakhulo kumakhala kochepekela
English: Children older than two years could be told about the new baby late in the pregnancy and reassured of their important place in the family
Chichewa: Ana okulirapo kudutsa zaka ziwiri amatha kuwuzidwa za mwana watsopano kumapeto kwa mimba komanso kulimbitsidwa mtima kufunikira kwawo mu banjali
English: Try to make practical arrangements for the baby ahead of time, so that your toddler is used to the changes when their new sibling arrives
Chichewa: Yesetsani kupanga madongosolo a mwanayu nthawi isanakwane kuti mwana wakhanda akhale atazolowera mwana winayo akabwera
English: If your child is still using the cot, consider promoting them to a bed as soon as possible. If you wait until the baby is born, your toddler may resent the new baby for stealing their cot
Chichewa: Ngati mwana wanu akugwiritsabe chikuku, ganizilani kumugonetsa pa kama nthawi yabwino. Ngati mudikila mpaka mwanayo atabadwa, mwana winayo akhoza kumadana naye kuti anamubela chikuku chake
English: For some mothers, breastfeeding their older child as well as their new baby is natural and comfortable, and they may feel there is no need to wean the toddler. However, it is important to breastfeed the new baby first
Chichewa: Kwa azimayi ena, kuyamwitsa mwana wamkulu komanso mwana ongobadwa kumene ndizabwinobwino komanso otakasuka komanso sawona chifukwa chomuletsela mwana winayo kuyamwa. Komabe zimakhala zofunikira kuyamwitsa mwana obadwa kumeneyo kaye
English: If you will be taking maternity leave or hiring a nanny, try to start these arrangements a number of weeks before the baby is due. This gives your toddler time to adjust
Chichewa: Ngati mungapamume pa ntchito mpaka mwana atabadwa kapena kupeza osamalira mwana, yambilatuni madongosolo amenewa masabata angapo mwanayo asanabadwe. Izi zimapeleka mpata kuti mwana winayo azolowele
English: Make sure your toddler has ongoing activities outside the house– for example, consider starting them at playgroup or a similar activity. Involve your toddler before the birth; for example, talk about names for the baby, show them photographs of themselves as newborns and explain how the baby will need lots of help
Chichewa: Wonetsetsani kuti mwana wanu alli ndizochitika zina paja- mwachitsanzo, muyambitseni kumupitsa kumalo osewela kapena masewela ena. Muloleni mwana kutenga nawo mbali mwana winayo asanabadwe monga yambani kuyakhula za maina amwanayo, awonetseni zinthuzi za iwo atabadwa kumene komanso kufotokoza kuti mwana obadwa kumene amafuna thandizo
English: Your toddler may resent the new baby for taking up so much of your time and for not being big enough to play with
Chichewa: Mwanayo akhoza kumamukana mwana obadwa kumeneyo chifukwa chotenga nthawi yambiri komanso kusakhala wamkulu kuti akhoza kumasewera naye
English: If given the opportunity, some toddlers may become rough with their new brother or sister. Suggestions to prevent this include: Recognize that this is a difficult time for your child. Be understanding, loving and nurturing
Chichewa: Ngati apatsidwa mwayi, ana ena amakhala akhanza ndi m’chimwene komanso m’chemwali wawoyo. Njira zina zopewera izi ndi monga kuzindikila kuti iyi ndi nyengo yovuta kwanayo. Kukhala ovetsetsetsa, okonda komanso ophunzitsa
English: Remember that your child is acting out their feelings through their behaviour and needs your support. Acknowledge your child’s feelings and give them plenty of love, hugs and encouragement
Chichewa: Kumbukilani kuti mwana wanu akupanga izi chifukwa m’mene akumvera ndipo akufunika thandizo. Dziwani m’mene akumvera mwana wanu ndipo akondeni kwambiri, kuwakumbatira koamnso kuwalimbikitsa
English: Praise gentle behaviour between your child and baby, and other behaviour you want to encourage. Show your child how you would like them to behave. Be a role model
Chichewa: Ayamikileni khalidwe limene awonetsa iwo pa mwana ndi makhalidwe ena amene mukufuna kuti apitilire. Awonetsenii m’mene mukufuna zazichitira. Khalani chitsanzo
English: Accept that your toddler's behaviour may revert to baby behaviour for a while as they struggle with their new situation and the feelings that go with it. Through this behaviour they may be trying to recreate the time when they were the only child and felt special
Chichewa: Vomelezani kuti khalidwe la mwana wanu likhoza kupitaso kwa mwana winayo pakathawi chifukwa amakhala akuvutika ndi ,m’mene zinthu zilili komanso maganizo amene amabwera ndi izi. Kudzera mukhalidwe limeneli amatha kumayesela kupangaso zinthu m’mene zinthu zinalili ali wokha komanso kumva kukondedwa
English: Promote the positives of no longer being the baby – such as being able to do things for themselves, make choices and do things the baby cannot. Offer your child special rewards or outings, so they realise there are some advantages to being the oldest child
Chichewa: Limbikitsani zabwino zonse zimene zimakhalapo pamene suli mwanaso= monga kupanga zinthu pawokha, kupanga zisakho koamnso kupanga zinthu zomwe mwana sangapange. Mpatseni mwana mphatso kapena kupoita koyenda, kuti adziwe kuti pali ubwino wokhala mwana wamkulu
English: On rare occasions, sibling rivalry can become violent, with one child's physical behaviour harming the other on a regular basis. The child who engages in physically harmful behaviour is generally the sibling who has the greater power or status; for example, being older or bigger
Chichewa: Nthawi zinam kudana pachibaleku kumakhala kwa khanza, ndi khalidwe la mwana lomenya nzake kuvulaza nzake pafupi pafupi. Mwana amene amamenya nzake ndi amene amakhala ndi ndi mphanvu komanso kutsogola, mwachitsazo kukula
English: The causes of family violence include deeply held beliefs about masculinity. Perpetrators tend to blame other people, alcohol or circumstances for their violent outbursts
Chichewa: Zimene zimachititsa khanza m'banja ndi kukhulupilira kwambiri zaumuna. Opangira nkhanza anzawo amakonda kuimba mlandu ena kuti wawapangitsa ndi munthu, mowa kapena nyengo zimene ali pa  chiwawacho
English: Perpetrators often minimise, blame others, justify or deny their use of violence or the impact of their violence. Perpetrators undergoing counselling for their violent behaviour need to recognise that regaining the trust of their family will take time, and that their partner has the right to end the relationship if they choose to
Chichewa: Opangira nkhanza anzawo achepetsa ena, kupeza mladu anzawo, kuziyakhulira mbali yawo komanso kukana kugwiritsa ntchito nkhanza kapena kuipa kwa nkhanza zawozo. Anthu amene amapingira nkhaza anzawo ndipo akulandila uphungu akuyenera kudziwa kuti zimatenga nthawi kuti anthu achibale ayambe kuwakhulupiliranso komanso kuti bwenzi lawo lili ndi ufulu othetsa ubwezi wawo ngati akufuna kutero
English: Family violence (also called domestic violence) is the use of violence, threats, force or intimidation to control or manipulate a family member, partner or former partner. In such a relationship, there is an imbalance of power where abusive behaviour or violence is used to control others
Chichewa: Nkhanza za pakhomo ndikugwiritsa ntchito ziwawa, kuwopseza, kukamiza komanso kuwumiliza kapena kuputsitsa achibale, bwenzi kapena bwenzi lakale. Muubwenzi umenewu mumakhala kusiyana kwa mphamvu pamene khalidwe lozunza kapena chiwawa limagwiritsidwa kulamulira ena
English: Not all family violence is caused by men, but research shows that men are most often the perpetrators of violence in domestic relationships, and women and children are often the victims
Chichewa: Sikhanza zonse zabanja amapangitsa ndi abambo, koma kafukufuku waonetsa kuti azibambo ndi amene amapanga nkhanza maubwenzi ndipo ana ndi amayi ndi amene amakhala ozuzidwa
English: Family violence can occur in any kind of family relationship, including between couples, family members, and against people who are elderly or disabled
Chichewa: Ziwawa za pa banja zimatha kuchitika muubwenzi wina wuliwonse monga okwtirana, pachibale komanso anthum amene ali okalamba komanso wopuwala
English: Although family violence can affect anyone, regardless of their social or economic status, or their racial and cultural background, some people are at greater risk, including women in regional or remote areas, young women, pregnant women and people living with disability
Chichewa: Ngakhale kuti nkhanza za banja zimachitikira wina aliysense osatengela m’mene amakhalira kapena chuma, kapena mtundu, chikhalidwe chawo, anthu ena amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu monag azimayi amene amakhala mu madera akumudzi, azimayoi achichepele koamnso anthu okhala ndi ulumali
English: Gender inequality between men and women, including deeply held beliefs about masculinity, is a significant factor that contributes to the high rate of violence by men towards women in relationships
Chichewa: Kusiyanitsa pakati pa abambo komanso amayi kuphatikiza zikhulupiliro zaumuna zimapangitsa kwambiri nkhanza za amuna kuwachitila azimayi mumaubwenzi
English: Masculinity refers to a set of practices, attitudes and behaviours that include the social norms and 'unwritten rules' about how to behave in society. Social expectations of men and boys are learnt through institutions, policies and laws
Chichewa: Umuna umatanthawuza mndandanda wa machitidwe, machitidwe ndi makhalidwe omwe akuphatikizapo chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi 'malamulo osalembedwa' okhudza momwe tiyenera kuchitira pagulu. Zimne zimayembekezeredwa pachikhalidwe kwa abambo ndi anyamata zimaphunziridwa kudzera m'mabungwe, ndi malamulo
English: There is no such thing as a ‘typical’ perpetrator of family violence. However, researchers have found that perpetrators often use violence and emotional abuse to control their families, believe that they have the right to behave in whatever way they choose while in their own home
Chichewa: Palibe chinthu chotchedwa munthu obadwa kuchitira nkhanza m’banja. Komabe, ofufuza apeza kuti anthu ochita ochitila nkhanza ena nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito chiwawa ndi nkhanza pofuna kulamulira mabanja awo, amakhulupirira kuti ali ndi ufulu wochita chilichonse chimene akufuna akakhala kunyumba kwawo.
English: They also hold certain beliefs about masculinity, including that a ‘real’ man should be tough, powerful and the head of the household
Chichewa: Amakhulupilanso za umuna kwambiri kuti mwamuna weni weni amayenela kukhala wovuta, wamphamvu komanso mutu wapakhomo
English: They may believe that they should make most of the decisions, including about how money is spent believe that men are entitled to sex from their partners, don’t take responsibility for their behaviour and prefer to think that loved ones or circumstances provoked their behavior, make excuses for their violence – for example, they will blame alcohol or stress
Chichewa: Akhoza kumakhulupilira kuti akuyenera kupanga ziganizo monga m’ene ndalama zikuyenera kugwilitsidwira ntchito komanso kuti azibambo amayenera kupanga zogonana ndi bwenzi lawo, sanatenga udindo pa khalidwe lawo komanso amaganiza kuti khalidwe lawo limabwera chifukwa cha okondedwa awo,amapeza pothawila pa chiwawa chawo monga kunamizila mowa
English: Adult and child victim-survivors who live with a perpetrator of family violence, live in a constant state of anxiety and fear. A perpetrator who is undergoing counselling for their violent behaviour needs to recognise that regaining the trust of their family, and the behaviour-change process, will take time
Chichewa: Anthu akuluakulu komanso ana amene anachitilidwirapo nkhanza amene amakhala ndi ochitila nkhanza zapabanja, amakhala ndi mantha komanso kuwopa. Ochitira ena nkhanza amene akulandira uphungu chifukwa cha khalidwe lawo la chiwawa akuyenera kudziwa kuti zimatenga nthawi kuti ayambe kululupilidwa ndi banja lawo ndipo kusitha khalidwe lawo kumatenga nthawi
English: They also need to accept that their partner has a right to end the relationship if they wish. People with a disability, especially women and girls, are twice as likely as other women and girls to experience violence
Chichewa: They also need to accept that their partner has a right to end the relationship if they wish. People with a disability, especially women and girls, are twice as likely as other women and girls to experience violence
 Akuyenera kuvomelezaso kuti bwezni lawo lili ndi ufulu wothetsa ubwenzi wawo ngati akufuna. Anthu olumala makamaka azimayi ndi atsikana, ali pachiopsezo koposera kawiri kuchitilidwa nkhanza kuposa azimayi ndi atsikana ena
English: If you or someone you know is experiencing domestic violence, abuse or neglect there is help available
Chichewa: Ngati inuyo kapena wina amene mukudziwa kuti akuchitilidwa nkhanza, kapena kulekeleledwa chithandizo chilipo
English: People with disabilities are among some of the most vulnerable people in our society due to their dependence on others for care and support or because of social isolation, their place of residence or the nature of their disability
Chichewa: Anthu awulumali ali mu gulu limodzi la anthu amene ali pachiopsezo mu madera chifukwa chodalira ena pachisamaliro komanso chithandizo kapena chifukwa amasalidwa, malo amene amakhala kapena m’mene ulili ulumali wawo
English: While anyone can experience violence, abuse or neglect, people with disabilities are at greater risk. And of all people with a disability, women and girls with disabilities are at even greater risk
Chichewa: Ngakhale kuti aliyense akhoza kukumana ndi chiwawa, khanza kapena kusiyidwa, anthu awulumali ali pachiopsezo chachikulu. Komanso pawonsewa anthu awulumali, azimayi ndi atsikana awulumali are ali pachiopsezo chachikulu
English: As a person with a disability, you have the rights to freedom, respect, equality and dignity. You have the right to live to your full potential, to have control over your own life and to live free from abuse or neglect
Chichewa: Ngati munthu waulumali, uli ndi ufulu, ulemu, mwayi komanso umunthu. Muli ndi ufulu kukwanilitsa masophenya anu, kukhala ndi ulamuliro pa moyo wanu komanso kukhala wa ufulu ku nkhanza komanso kusiyidwa
English: If you or someone you know is experiencing violence, abuse or neglect at the hands of an individual or an organisation, it is important to seek help
Chichewa: Ngari inu kapena munthu amene mukudziwa kuti akuchitilidwa chiwawa, nkhanza kapena kusiyidwa ndi munthu wina kapena bungwe, ndikofunika kusaka thandizo
English: Violent behaviour by a person towards another can include abusive behaviour that is physical, sexual, intimidating and forceful. People with a disability are more likely to experience violence from a carer or family member
Chichewa: Khalidwe la nkhanza kwa munthu wina ndi monga nkhanza zakuthupi, zogonana, kuwopseza kapena kukakamiza. Anthu awulumali amakumana ndi chiwawa kuchokera kwa wowasamala kapena wabanja limodzi
English: The most commonly reported forms of violence experienced by women with a disability are psychological, physical, sexual abuse, controlling behaviour and economic abuse
Chichewa: Nkhanza zambiri zimene zimachitikira azimayi awulumali ndi zam’maganizo, kuthupi, zogonana, kulamulidwa koamnso kunzunzidwa pa chuma.
English: Abuse is when the actions of someone violates your human rights. Abuse can be physical, mental, psychological, sexual or even financial
Chichewa: Kunzunzana ndipamene zochitika munthu amazunziza ufulu wa munthu wina. Kunzuzana kukhoza kukhala kwa kuthupi, m’maganizo, malingaliro, zogonana komanso zachuma
English: Neglect is the failure by a service provider or a person caring for you to provide adequate care to you
Chichewa: Kusalabadila munthu ndikukanika kwaopeleka chithandizo kapena munthu osamalira kupeleka chithandizo chokwanira kwa inu
English: Women with disabilities are more often victims of violence and are less likely to know how to get help than women without disabilities. In fact, violence against women and girls with disabilities is twice as likely to occur when compared to women and girls without disabilities
Chichewa: Azimay awulumali nthawi zambiiri amakhala ochitilidwa nkhaza ndipo samadziwa kuti chithandizo achipeza bwanji kusiyana ndi munthu opanga ulumali. Muchilungamo, nkhanza kwa amayi ndi atsikana awulimali umachitika kwambiri pofananiza ndi amayi ndi atsikana opanda ulumali
English: Eating a wide variety of healthy foods helps to keep you in good health and protects you against chronic disease
Chichewa: Kudya zakudya zosiyanasiyana kumathandiza kuti ukhale ndi umoyo wabwino komanso kukuteteza kumatenda a nthawi yayitali
English: Eating healthy food doesn’t mean giving up your favourite recipes. Some simple swaps and a little bit of planning can help you make life-long, healthy changes to your diet
Chichewa: Kudya chakudya chopatsa nthanzi sikutathauza kuti misiye kaphikidwe kokusangalatsani. Kusitha zina komanso kukonzekera kutha kuthandiza moyo wanu, chakudya cha nthanzi muzakudya zanu
English: Scrub vegetables rather than peel them, as many nutrients are found close to the skin. When boiling vegetables, use a small amount of water and do not overboil them. Include more stir-fry recipes in your diet. Stir-fried vegetables are cooked quickly to retain their crunch (and associated nutrients)
Chichewa: Tsukani masamba osati kusenda chifukwa michere yofunika yambiri imapezeka pafupi ndi nkhungu. Mukamawilitsa masamba gwiritsani ntchito madzi ochepa komanso osawilitsa kwambiri. Khazikitsani zithu zambiri zongokazinga muchazakudya zanu. Masamba ongokazinga amaphikika machangu ndipo amakhala ndi michere yonse yofunikila
English: Salt is hidden in many of our foods, but a high salt diet can contribute to a range of health problems including high blood pressure
Chichewa: Mchere umabisika mu zakudy zanthu zambiri koma mchere wambiri umaonjezera mavuto ambiri kuthupi monga kuthamanga kwambiri kwamagazi
English: Don’t automatically add salt to your food – taste it first.
Chichewa: Osayikilatu mchere kuzakudya zanu- lawani kaye
English: Add a splash of olive oil, vinegar or lemon juice close to the end of cooking time or to cooked vegetables – it can enhance flavours in the same way as salt
Chichewa: Thilani mafuta, zomveka ngati mandimu, madzi amandimu kumapeto pophika kapena kumasamba- izi zimathandizira kukoma m’mene umagwilira ntchito mchere
English: You are less likely to overeat if you eat slowly and savour every mouthful. And remember small changes, big impact. Making small, gradual changes to your diet (rather than restrictive eating or crash diets) will help you adopt healthy eating habits
Chichewa: Simungathe kudya kwambiri ngati mukudya pan’gonopan’gono ndikumva bwino pamene mwaika zakudya mkamwa. Kumbukila kusitha kwapan’gono zotsatira zazikulu. Kusitha pan’gonopan’gono kuzakutthandizani kuti mukhale ndi makhalidwe abwino pakudya.
English: Food poisoning is caused by eating contaminated food and affects a large number of Malawians every year. Food can be contaminated when it is handled, stored or prepared incorrectly
Chichewa: Kuipitsidwa kwa chakuya kumadza chifukwa chakudya zakudya zowonongekha ndipo zimakhudza amalawi ambiri chaka chili chonse. Chakudya chikhoza kuwonongekha ngati chagwilidwa, kusungidwa kapena kukhozedwa mosayenera
English: Some foods have a higher risk of causing food poisoning, and some people are more at risk of getting food poisoning than others
Chichewa: Zakudya zina zimakhala pachiopsezo choyambitsa kuipitsidwa kwa chakudya ndipo anthu ena ali pa chiopsezo chakudya chakudya chowonongeka kuposa ena
English: Food poisoning occurs when sufficient numbers of particular types of bacteria, or their toxins, are present in the food you eat. These bacteria are called pathogens
Chichewa: Kuipitsidwa kwa chakudya kumachitika pamene mlingo waukulu wa tizilombo kapena poizoni zili muchakudya chomwe mwadya. Tizilombo timeneti timatchedwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
English: Food contamination is not just limited to foods you may consider risky, such as chicken or fish. Prepared fruits, vegetables and salads can also be potentially dangerous
Chichewa: Kuipitsidwa kwa chakudya sikuchitika ku zakudya zokha zimene timaziona ngati zowopsya mongati nkhuku kapena nsomba. Zipatso zokhonzedwa bwino, masamba komanso masamba osaphika akhoza kukhalaso owopsya
English: Contaminated food will usually look, smell and taste normal. Food poisoning bacteria can grow and multiply on some types of food more easily than others
Chichewa: Zakudya zomwe zawonongeka nthawi zambiri zimaoneka, kumveka bwinobwino. Tizilombo towononga zakudya timakula ndikuchulukana pazakudya zina mosavuta kuposa zina
English: Potentially high-risk foods include raw and cooked meat - such as chicken and minced meat, and foods containing them; dairy-based products; eggs and egg products; cooked rice and pasta; prepared salads; prepared fruit - such as fruit salad
Chichewa: Zakudya zimene zili pachiopsezo kwambiri ndi nyama yosaphika komanso yophika monga nkhuku, nyama yogaya, zakudya zokhala ndi izi; zinthu zopangidwa kuchoka ku mkaka; mazira ndi zinthu zochoka kumazira; mpunga wophika; masamba osaphika; zipatso monga zipatso zosaphika
English: Some people are more at risk of getting food poisoning than others. Take special care when buying, storing and preparing food for these people
Chichewa: Anthu ena ali pachiopsezo chakudya zakudya zapoizoni kuposa ena. Samalitsitsani mukamagula, kusunga komanso kukhoza chakudya cha anthu amenewa
English: Vulnerable groups include pregnant women, the elderly, young children, people with chronic illness
Chichewa: Magulu a anthu osatetezeka ndi monga azimayi apakati, okalamba, ana, anthu amatemba amgonagona
English: Food poisoning bacteria can multiply very quickly, particularly in certain conditions. The factors that affect bacterial growth include time - in ideal conditions, one bacterium can multiply to more than 2 million in 7 hours;
Chichewa: Tizilombo topangitsa kuti zakudya ziwonongeke zimachulukana mwansanga makamaka pa nyengo zina. Zinthu zimene zimapangitsa kuti tizilombo tikule ndi nthawi- pa malo pabwino- kachilombo kamodzi kakhoza kubelekana kudutsa 2 miliyoni mu maola asanu ndi awiri
English: temperature - food poisoning bacteria grow best in the temperature range between 5 °C and 60 °C. This is referred to as the temperature danger zone. This means that we need to keep perishable food either very cold or very hot, in order to avoid food poisoning
Chichewa: Kutetha kapena kuzizila- tizilombo towongonga chakudya timakula bwino pamalo pa digili 5 ndi 60. Apa pamatchedwa kuti pamalo pozizila kapena potetha poopsya. Izi zikutathauza kuti tikuyenera kusunga chakudya zoti zitha kuwonongeka pamalo pozizila kapena potetha kuti chakudya chisawonongeke
English: Nutrients - most foods contain enough nutrients for bacteria to grow. This is especially the case with potentially high-risk foods such as dairy and egg products, meat, poultry and seafood
Chichewa: Michere yofunikila- zakudya zambiri zimakhala ndi michere yofunikila pakuti tizilombo timakula. Izi zimachitika zakudya zomwe zili pa chiopsyezo monga za mkaka, zamazira , nyama, zankhuku komanso zam’madzi
English: Water - bacteria need water for their growth. Without water, growth may slow down or stop. That is why dried foods do not spoil
Chichewa: Madzi- tizilombo timafuna madzi kuti tikule. Opanda madzi, timachedwa kukula kapena kuimilatu. Ndichifukwa chake zakudya zoyanika ziwonongeka
English: The symptoms of food poisoning may vary depending on the type of bacteria causing the illness. Symptoms can range from mild to very severe. Symptoms can occur almost immediately after eating, or a number of hours later, and they can last from 24 hours to 5 days
Chichewa: Zizindikilo zakuipitsidwa kwa zakudya zimatengera ndi mtundu wazilombo umene ukuyambitsa kudwala. Zizindikilo zikhoza koopsya pan’gono mpaka zoopsya kwambiri. Zizindikilo zimachitika pompopompo ukudya kapena patapita nthawi ndikhoza kutha maola 34 mpaka masiku asanu
English: When you get sick, you usually experience one or more of nausea, stomach cramps, diarrhea, vomiting, fever, headaches
Chichewa: Ukadwala, umamva kufuna kusanza, kupweteka m’mimba, kutsegula m’mimba, kuzanza, thupi kutetha komanso kupweteka mutu
English: If you experience symptoms and think you have food poisoning, see your doctor as soon as possible. It's also a good idea to report your illness to your local council or the Department of Health, so that the causes can be investigated
Chichewa: Ngati mukumva zizindikilozi ndipo mukganiza kuti mwana chakudya chowonongeka, pitani kuchipatala msanga. Ndi ganizo labwino kukafotokoza zakudwala kwanu ku boma kepena uduna woyan’ganira zaumoyo kuti zimene zapangitsa azifufuze
English: This is particularly important if you think the illness is related to eating out at a restaurant or café, or to food purchased from a shop or takeaway outlet or indeed food collected from the wild
Chichewa: Izi ndizofunika kwambiri ngati mukuona kuti kudwala kukhoza kugwirizana ndikudya ku malo wogulitsira zakudya kapena kugula zakudya mu wokala kapena pogulitsa zakudya zotenga kapena zakudya zotenga kuncthire
English: When you store food separate raw food from cooked food, and store raw food at the bottom of the fridge to avoid juices dripping onto, and contaminating, other food
Chichewa: Mukasunga zakudya, ikani mosiyana zakudya zaziwisi ndi zophika ndipo sunganiz zakudya zaziwisi pansi mu makina oziziltsira zinthu kuti madzi asadothele pachakudya china
English: Allow cooked foods to cool to room temperature (about 21 °C) before storing in the refrigerator. This should not take more than 2 hours - cooling will be quicker if you put hot food into smaller containers rather than leaving it in one large one
Chichewa: Lolani zakudya zophika kuti zizizile kaye kufika pa madigili 21 musanaike mu fuliji. Izi sizikuyenera kuti zidutse maola okwana 2- kuzizilitsa kumachitika mwachangu ngati mwaika chakudya mosungila mwamon’gono osati kuzisiya zonse muchachikulu
English: This prevents the refrigerator temperature from rising and reduces the risk of bacterial growth in all food stored in the fridge
Chichewa: Izi ziteteza kuti m’malo mosungila zakudya musatethe komanso kuchepetsa chiopsezo chakukula kwa tizilombo pachakudya chonse zimene chakusungidwa
English: Passive smoking means breathing in other people’s tobacco smoke. The smoke drifting from a lit cigarette plus the smoke breathed out by a smoker is called second-hand smoke or environmental tobacco smoke
Chichewa: Kusuta usakudziwa zimatathanuza kupuma fodya ena akusuta. Utsi umachooka ku ndudu yoyatsidwa kuphatikiza ndi utsi wopumidwa ndi wosuta kumatchedwa kusuta kwachiwiri kapena kusuta kwachilengedwe