dmatekenya/chichewa-machine-translation huggingface dataset:
English: Spread the cut foliage on the ground as green manure, or use it as animal feed if the tree is a good fodder species. Collect the wood for fuel or other uses
Chichewa: Mwazani masamba omwe adulidwa pansi ngati manyowa obiliwira kapena gwiritsani ntchito ngati zakudya za ziweto ngati mtengowo uli mugulu lazakudya za ziweto zabwino. Tolerani mitengo ndikukaphikira kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zina
English: Erect a protective fence around each seedling where livestock damage is a problem
Chichewa: Mangani mpanda woteteza kuzungulira mbande iliyonse pomwe ziweto zingawononge
English: Mark other seedlings with stakes to minimize accidental weeding or trampling. Make fire breaks to protect woodlots and other plantings from damage by fires
Chichewa: Ikani zizindikiro pa mbande zina ndi mitengo pofuna kuchepetsa kupalira mwangozi kapena kuziponda. Konzani modukira moto poteteza nkhalango ndi zomera zina kuonongedwa ndi moto
English: Mulch or thatching grass placed around the base of the tree will help keep moisture in the soil around the tree
Chichewa: Zophimbira kapena udzu wofolelera woyikidwa kuzungulira pansi pa mtengo zimasunga chinyezi mdothi komanso kuzungulira mtengo
English: Make sure the mulch is clear of the tree trunk to minimize termite attack. In the event of disease or pest attack, seek advice from the nearest Forestry or Agriculture Office
Chichewa: Onetsetsani kuti zophimbira sidzinakhuze thunthu lamtengo pofuna kuchepetsa kugwidwa ndi chiswe. Pomwe matenda kapena tizilombo tagwira mtengo, pezani malangizo kuchokera ku mthambi ya zankhalango kapane ulimi yomwe ali pafupi
English: Guidelines for establishing and managing live farm sheds are as follows: Carefully match species with the local environment, farmer preferences and availability of planting material. Select species that are fast growing with good coppicing ability
Chichewa: Ndondomeko zokhadzikitsira ndi kusamala mthunzi wamoyo wapamunda zili motere: mosamala fananizani mtundu wa mbewu ndi zachilengedwe zomwe zili mderalo, zofuna za mlimi komanso kupezeka kwa zipangizo zobzala. Sankhani mitundu yomwe imakula mwachangu yokhala ndi kuthekera kophukira mosavuta
English: Ideal species are ones that grow well from truncheons to speed up shed construction and use
Chichewa: Mitundu yabwino ndi imene imakula bwino kuchokera ku mthambi zazing'ono kuti mufulimidzitse kupanga kwa mthunzi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito
English: Encourage farmers to raise their own nursery seedlings. This can be done adjacent to their crop nurseries or dimba gardens
Chichewa: Limbikitsani alimi kukhala ndi manazale awo a mbande. Izi zikhoza kuchitika moyandikitsa manazale awo a mbewu kapena kudimba
English: If cuttings or truncheons are used, identify species and sources of material before the start of the rains
Chichewa: Ngati agwiritsa ntchito ziduswa kapena nthambi zazing'ono, apeze mitundu ndi kopezeka kwa zinthuzo mvula isanayambe
English: Cuttings are best taken when the tree is dormant before new leaves appear and not when in flower or fruit
Chichewa: Ziduswa zimatengedwa bwino pamene mtengo usakukula pomwe masamba atsopano sanabwere ndipo osati pomwe wachita maluwa kapena zipatso.
English: Provide stake supports and prune branches to encourage a straight-growing trunk
Chichewa: Pelekani thandizo poyimitsira mtengo komanso kusadza mthambi zozafunikira kuti thunthu lidzikula mosapindika
English: Locate the shed near the house or farm, preferably not on good farm land. Establish seedlings or truncheons in the configuration of a typical shed
Chichewa: Ikani mthunzi pamalo oyandikana ndi nyumba kapena munda, makamaka osati pamunda wabwino. Khadzikitsani mbande kapena mthambi zazing'ono potsatira mmene mthunzi uyenera kukhalira
English: Protect young trees from browsing and other damage to avoid un even or misshapen poles. Fill in gaps where seedlings have died, or where truncheons have failed to grow
Chichewa: Tetezani mitengo yaying'ono ku zoweto ndi kuwonongeka kwina popewa kukhala ndi mitengo yopindika. Tsekani mipata pomwe mbande zafa, kapena pomwe mthambi zalephera kuphuka
English: Construct the shed only when the live trees are large and strong enough to support the roof. Ensure coppicing is done evenly so that the roof is uniform, sloping from the center down each side
Chichewa: Mangani mthunzi pokhapokha mitengo itakula ndikukhala yamphamvu kuti isenze denga. Onetsetsani kuti mwadula mitengo mofanana kuti denga lidzakhele lofanana, lopendeka kuchokera pakati kupita mbali iliyonse
English: A grower’s income is directly related to his plucking skills. Plucking is, therefore, one of the most important activities that a farmer does in his field during the whole year
Chichewa: Phindu la mlimi limayenderana mwachindunji ndi luso lake lotchola. Choncho kuthyola ndi ntchito imodzi yofunikira yomwe mlimi amachita mmunda mwake chaka chonse
English: Plucking should be done so that shoots of 42 days old are always plucked during the main growing season
Chichewa: Kuthyola kudzichitika kuti mphukira zomwe zakwanitsa masiku 42 nthawi zonze zidzithyoledwa mkati mwa nyengo yolima
English: This is achieved by following a regular plucking round of 7 days, 10 days alternating with 11 days or 14 days from the end of December to the end of April
Chichewa: Izi zimakwaniritsidwa potsatira puthyola mobwereza pamasiku asanu ndi awiri aliwonse, kenako masiku khumi ndikudzasinthana ndi masiku khumi ndi limodzi kapena masiku khumi ndi anayi kuchokera kumapeto kwa December mpaka kumapeto kwa April
English: Thereafter, this should be extended to 21 days. Growers should adhere to the plucking round of their choice throughout the season
Chichewa: Kuchokera pamenepo, izi zichitidwe pakutha pamasiku makumi awiwiri ndi mphambu imodzi. Olima atsatire ndondomeko yothyola mobwereza yomwe angakonde mu nyengo yonse
English: Growers are strongly advised to pluck only shoots consisting of either 2 leaves and a bud or dormant shoot
Chichewa: Olima akulangizidwa motsindika kuti athyole mphukira zomwe zili ndi masamba awiri ndi mphukira kapena mthambi imodzi yokha
English: Plucking of small shoots that consist of one leaf and a bud is not recommended because yields are later on reduced
Chichewa: Kuthyola mthambi zazing'ono zomwe zili ndi tsamba limodzi ndi mphukira sikovomerezedwa chifukwa zokolola zimachepa mtsogolo mwake
English: Where 4 leaves and a bud develop because of vigorous growth, only 2 or 3 leaves and a bud should be plucked
Chichewa: Pomwe masamba anayi ndi mphukira zakula chifukwa cha kukula mwachangu, thyolani masamba awiri kapena atatu okha ndi mphukirawo basi
English: To maintain the plucking table, the remaining leaf (leaves) should be removed. Th is process is called breaking back
Chichewa: Pofuna kuti malo othyolera akhale abwino, masamba otsala achotsedwe. Njira imatchulida kuti kuthyolera mmbuyo
English: Production of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) by smallholder farmers for chewing is nationwide in Malawi
Chichewa: Ulimi wa mzimbe (Saccharum officinarum) yotafuna ndi alimi ang'onoang'ono umachitika ponseponse ku Malawi
English: However, production of sugarcane for processing has been confined to Dwangwa in Nkhotakota district and Nchalo in Chikwawa district
Chichewa: Komabe ulimi wa mzimbe zogayidwa ukuchitikira ku Dwangwa mboma la Nkhotakota ndi Nchalo mboma la Chikwawa
English: In both Dwangwa and Nchalo, sugar mills are managed by Illovo Sugar Group (Illovo). Illovo has sugar estates in Nkhotakota District (Dwangwa) and Chikwawa district (Nchalo). There are about 4000 smallholder farmers producing sugarcane besides that produced by Illovo estates
Chichewa: Ku Dwangwa ndi Nchalo komwe, zigayo za sugar zimasamalidwa ndi Illovo Sugar Group (Illovo). Illovo ili ndi minda ya mzimbe mboma la Nkhotakota ku Dwangwa ndi mboma la Chikwawa ku Nchalo. Pali alimi ang'onoang'ono okwana 4,000 omwe akulima mzimbe kupatula yomwe ikulimidwa mminda ya Illovo
English: These out grower associations and companies produce 21% of total sugarcane that is processed into sugar by Illovo
Chichewa: Magulu a alimi ang'onoang'ono amenewa ndi makampani amalima 21% ya mzimbe zonse zomwe zimagayidwa ndi Illovo
English: About 70% of the area for out growers is under irrigation while the rest is rain-fed. The several out grower associations have a national umbrella body called Sugarcane Growers Association of Malawi (SUGAM)
Chichewa: Pafupifupi 70% ya malo omwe alimi ang'onoang'ono akulimapo ndi yamthilira  pamene yotsalayo imadalira mvula. Magulu ambiri a alimi ang'onang'ono ali ndi bungwe lawo mdziko muno lotchedwa Sugarcane Growers Association of Malawi (SUGAM)
English: Considering current investments in sugar milling, smallholders offer the best opportunity for extension of the area under cane and for productivity gains, and are therefore vital to the future success of the Malawian sugarcane industry
Chichewa: Polingalira ntchito zotukula kugaya sugar padakali pano, alimi ang'onoang'ono abweretsa mwayi woonjezera malo omwe akulimidwa mzimbe komanso kupeza phindu choncho ndiwofunika kwambiri popititsa pazatsogolo ulimi wa mzimbe mMalawi muno
English: Before planting, furrows are pre-irrigated to moisten the soil. Seed cane obtained from immature plant cane of 8 to 10 months must be topped at the natural breaking point and the roots cut off
Chichewa: Isanabzalidwe, ngalande zimathiliridwa kuti dothi linyowe. Mzimbe ya mbewu yomwe yatengedwa ku mzimbe zosakhwima za miyezi isanu ndi itatu mpaka makumi awiri idulidwe pomwe yatsala pang'ono kumasula ndipo mitsitsi ichotsedwe
English: Any dead or damaged buds must be discarded. Cuttings (setts) should have 3-6 nodes. Plant by laying stem cuttings (setts) ‘head to toe’ in furrows to get a better and more even germination
Chichewa: Mphukira zilizonse zowonongeka kapena zakufa zitayidwe, Zodulidwa zikhale ndi mphindo zitatu mpaka zisanu ndi imodzi. Bzalani pogonetsa mzimbe "mutu mpaka kumapazi" mungalande kuti zimere bwino komanso mofanana
English: Cover the cuttings thinly with soil using a hoe. When planting on a large scale, whole sticks may be used and chopped into halves while laid into the furrows
Chichewa: Kwilirani mzimbe ndi dothi pang'ono pogwiritsa ntchito khasu. Pobzala malo aakulu, mzimbe wonse ungathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndikudulidwa theka pamene ukukwiliridwa mungalandemo
English: Irrigation should follow planting as soon as possible to bring the soil to the field capacity.
Chichewa: Mthilira utsatire kubzala kukangochitika kuti dothi likhale ndi kuthekera  kwabwino
English: Planting can be done as single stick, one and a halve stick or double stick. The planting rate of one and a half stick will use a seed rate of 8 tons per hectare and should be considered only when seed cane is of excellent quality and if the internodes are short
Chichewa: Kubzala kukhoza kuchitika ngati ndodo imodzi, ndodo imodzi ndi theka kapena ndondo ziwiri. Mulingo wobzalira wa ndodo imodzi ndi theka umagwiritsa ntchito matani 8 pa hectare ndipo utsatidwe pokhapokha mzimbe za mbewu ndi zabwino kwambiri ndipo mphindo zake ndi zazifupi
English: Using double stick will require 10 tons per hectare or more and is preferred of the seed cane is available
Chichewa: Kugwiritsa ntchito ndondo ziwiri kumafuna matani 10 pa hectare kapena kuposera apo ndipo itsatidwe ngati nbewu ya mzimbe ilipo yokwanira
English: Greater attention has to be paid to practices that will lead to increased productivity of livestock and increased offtake while conserving the grazing areas. Farmers should be advised to cull unproductive animals and sell surplus stock
Chichewa: Chidwi chiyikidwe pa zochitika zomwe zingapititse patsogolo ulimi wa ziweto ndi kuchulukitsa zotengedwa pamene malo odyetsera akusamalika. Alimi alangizidwe kuchotsa zinyama zomwe sidzikubweretsa phindu ndi kugulitsa zosafunika
English: There is an increasing scope for more smallholder farmers to keep a few productive cattle for beef or milk production
Chichewa: Pali chidwi chachikulu pa alimi ang'onoang'ono kuti adzisunga ng'ombe zochepa zowabweretsera nyama kapena mkaka
English: Advice for improved pasture and fodder production is now available to support the programme
Chichewa: Ulangizi wopititsa patsogolo malo odyetsera komanso zakudya za ziweto ukupezeka tsopano kuti uthandizire ntchitozi
English: Farmers should be encouraged to use improved bulls and castrate or sell surplus bull calves
Chichewa: Alimi alimbikitsidwe kugwiritsa ntchito atonde amakono ndikuthena kapena kugulitsa atonde onse osafunikira
English: Inbreeding should be discouraged in favour of using good quality bulls from other distant unrelated herd
Chichewa: Kukwatitsa mkhola momwemo kusalimbikitsidwe ndipo gwiritsitsani ntchito atonde amphamvu omwe mungabwereke kumakola ena akutali omwe sichibale ndi ziweto zanu
English: Improved bulls may be bought from Government livestock farms and commercial producers
Chichewa: Atonde amakono akhoza kugulidwa ku minda ya ziweto ya Boma komanso kwa alimi ena azamalonda
English: Herds should be allowed at least eight hours of grazing and should not be walked back to the villages at mid-day
Chichewa: Msambi wa ziweto udyetsedwe kwa maola asanu ndi atatu ndipo usakusidwe kubwelera kumudzi tsiku liri pakatipakati
English: Farmers are advised to use crop residues and agro-industry by-products such as bran, molasses and cotton seed cake in animal feeding
Chichewa: Alimi akulangizidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zotsalira ndi zina zopangidwa kumafakitale monga deya, ma molasses ndi zotsalira za thonje ngati zakudya za zinyama
English: Large number of calves die because of parasites and parasitic diseases, poor nutrition, and poor management in general, particularly housing
Chichewa: Ana ambiri amafa chifukwa cha tizilombo ndi matenda, zakudya zopelewerra ndi kasamalidwe kopelewera makamaka nyumba za ziweto
English: Every cattle owner should have a properly roofed calf khola and be advised to follow good husbandry practices. Manure from properly housed cattle is a very valuable by-product
Chichewa: Aliyense yemwe ali ndi ng'ombe akhale ndi khola lofolera bwino la ana ang'ombe ndipo alangizidwe kutsatira njira zabwino zakasamalidwe. Manyowa ochokera ku ng'ombe zomwe zili ndi nyumba yabwino ndiwofunukira kwambiri
English: Farmers should consider the advantages of keeping more sheep and goats. Use of improved locally available genetic material is encouraged
Chichewa: Alimi alingalire ubwino wosunga nkhosa ndi mbuzi zambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono zochulukitsira ziweto zomwe zilipo kale kulimbikitsidwe
English: However, exotic rams and bucks and their crosses such as Dorper sheep and Boer goats are available from Government farms, commercial farms and other small scale producers
Chichewa: Komabe, atonde ndi mathanzi obwera ndi ena onse okwatitsa monga nkhosa za Dorper ndi mbuzi za Boer zilipo mminda yaboma, kwa alimi amalonda ndi alimi ena ang'onoang'ono
English: Farmers should be advised on improved feeding and housing. Worms and respiratory diseases are common in goats and sheep and should be controlled
Chichewa: Alimi alangizidwe kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zakudya zabwino komanso nyumba za ziweto. Nyongolosi komanso matenda a mchifuwa amapezeka kwambiri ku mbuzi ndi nkhosa ndipo athetsedwe
English: The poultry industry is expanding fast. Commercial breeds of broilers and layers are available from several commercial producers
Chichewa: Ulimi wa nkhuku ukukula mwachangu. Nkhuku zamalonda zanyama komanso mazira zilipo kwa alimi ambiri amalonda
English: Animals will not be allowed to move at night unless under special permission given by the veterinary authority.
Chichewa: Zinyama sidzizaloledwa kuyenda usiku pokhapokha pali chilolezo chapadera chopelekedwa ndi mthambi yoona zinyama
English: Farmers are urged to comply with the movement control or restriction measures put by veterinary authorities during a notifiable disease outbreak
Chichewa: Alimi akupemphedwa kuti adzitsatira meyendedwe kapena ziletso zomwe mthambi yoona zinyama yayika pamene anthu adziwitsidwa zakubuka kwa matenda
English: Farmers are advised to collect and store crop residues including maize stover, wheat and rice straw, groundnut and bean haulms
Chichewa: Alimi akulangizidwa kuti atole ndi kusunga zotsalira za chimanga, tirigu ndi mpunga, mtedza komanso mitengo ya nyemba
English: Milk is important for human nutrition and as a source of income for smallholder farmers. Th e overall production of milk in Malawi is low because of low genetic potential and poor management such as housing, nutrition, disease control and breeding
Chichewa: Mkaka ndi wofunika kwambiri pa thanzi lamunthu komanso ngati njira yopezera chuma kw alimi ang'onoang'ono. Ulimi wamkaka ku Malawi kuno ndiwotsika chifukwa cha mitundu yotsika yang'ombe ndi kasamalidwe kosakwanira monga nyumba za ziweto, kadyedwe, kuthana ndi matenda komanso kukwatitsa
English: Cattle are the main source of milk, but goat also plays a role. Cow milk production is estimated at 151,411 metric tones
Chichewa: Mkaka wambiri umachokera ku ng'ombe koma mbuzi zimathandizanso kwambiri. Mkaka wang'ombe umalimidwa pafupifupi matani 151,411
English: Traditionally milk is produced from the Malawi zebu which has low milk production potential. Special dairy breeds and their crosses produce more milk than indigenous Malawi Zebu
Chichewa: Kwambiri mkaka umachikera ku ng'ombe za Malawi Zebu zomwe zimatulutsa mkaka wochepa. Ng'ombe za mkaka komanso zokwatitsa kuchokera ku zimenezi zimatulutsa mkaka wambiri kuposera zamakolo za Malawi Zebu
English: The supply cross bred dairy cows, however, is limited. However government stations like Mikolongwe in the south, Dwambazi in the north and Likasi in the centre, stock these dairy crosses
Chichewa: Kupezeka kwa ng'ombe zamkaka zokwatitsa ndikopelewera. Komabe mthambi za boma monga Mikolongwe ku chigawo chakummwera, Dwambazi kumpoto ndi Likasi mchigawo chapakati zimasunga mitundu yokwatitsayi
English: Fish farming is the rearing of fish in ponds, tanks and cages. In Malawi fish farming started in the 1950’s
Chichewa: Ulimi wa nsomba ndi kusunga nsomba mzitsime zamsomba, mmalo osungira madzi komanso mmalo otchingwa. Ku Malawi, ulimi wa nsomba unayamba mzaka za 1950
English: Fish ponds are the dominant production facilities. Presently there are over 6000 farmers owning 7500 ponds
Chichewa: Zitsime za nsomba ndi zomwe zikupezeka kwambiri ngati malo aulimi wa nsomba. Padakali pano, pali alimi opitilira 6,000 omwe ali ndi zitsime zowetera nsomba zoposa 7,500
English: Fish production from fish farming is estimated at 3600 tonnes. Th e potential to increase production from aquaculture is very high provided that farmers increase the level of production and follow recommended practices
Chichewa: Ulimi wansomba kuchokera zitsime zansomba ukuganiridwa kuti wafika pa matani 3,600. Kuthekera kochulukitsa zokolola kuchokera ku zitsime zansomba ndikwakukulu kwambiri makamaka alimi atawonjezera kalimidwe ndikutsatira ndondomeko za kasamalidwe
English: The fish farming goal is to increase and sustain fish production from small holder and large fish farming operations in order to improve fish supply in Malawi
Chichewa: Cholinga chachikulu cha ulimi wa nsomba ndi kuwonjezera komanso kukwaniritsa kukhala ndi nsomba zochokera kwa alimi ang'onoang'ono ndi akuluakulu ndi cholinga chofuna kupititsa patsogolo kupezeka kwa nsomba mMalawi muno
English: There are different production systems that are employed based on the understanding of the fundamental processes
Chichewa: Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zolimira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potengera kumvetsetsa kwa nsanamira zofunikira
English: The Fish Farming goal is to increase and sustain fi sh production from smallholder and large fish farming operations in order to improve fish supply in Malawi
Chichewa: Cholinga chachikulu cha ulimi wa nsomba ndi kuwonjezera komanso kukwaniritsa kukhala ndi nsomba zochokera kwa alimi ang'onoang'ono ndi akuluakulu ndi cholinga chofuna kupititsa patsogolo kupezeka kwa nsomba mMalawi muno
English: The suitability of the prospective farm site must be as curtained prior to any construction or other planning
Chichewa: Ubwino wa malo oyenera munda utsimikizidwe ntchito yomanga zitsime kapena ntchito zina zonse zisanayambe
English: The critical parameters are topography, soil character, water quantity and quality, flooding and access or proximity to a dwelling unit
Chichewa: Zofunikira kwambiri kulingalira ndi pomwe malo ali, dothi lake, kuchuluka kwa madzi komanso ubwino wake, kusefukira kwa madzi, komwe nyumba za anthu zikupezeka
English: The water source should be perennial with enough water all the year round to fill the pond and to compensate for losses due to seepage and evaporation
Chichewa: Pochokera madzi pakhale pamgonagona ndipo madzi okwanira adzipezeka chaka chonse kudzadza chitsime ndikubwezeretsa onse omwe akutayika chifukwa cholowa munthaka kapena kuuma
English: The quantity of water available will amongst other factors determine the size and number of fish ponds. Seasonal rivers and streams are not recommended as direct source of water for fish ponds
Chichewa: Kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe alipo kuthandizira kudziwa kukula kwa zitsime komanso chiwerengero cha zitsime za nsomba. Mitsinje yoyendera nyengo siyovomerezeka ngati kochokera madzi a zitsime za nsomba kodalirika
English: The main parts/features of a fish pond are as follows: Walls (also called banks, dikes, embankments) are raised above the natural ground. These retain the water in the pond
Chichewa: Zigawo zikuluzikulu za zitsime za nsomba ndi: makoma omwe amakwezedwa kuchokera panthaka. Awa amasunga madzi pachitsime
English: An inlet, to let water into the pond. Th ere are several types of water inlets such as: Earth channel- This is a canal on the ground leading directly into the pond, this is easier and cheaper to construct
Chichewa: Polowera madzi, kuti madzi adzilowa mchitsime. Pali mitundu ya malo olowera madzi yambiri monga: ngalande yadothi- iyi ndi ngalande yapansi yomwe imalowa mwachindunji pachitsime. Ndiyosavuta kukonza komanso sifuna ndalama zambiri kumanga
English: Malawi currently experiences high deforestation rate, forest degradation, unpredictable climate shifts and landscape degradation
Chichewa: Padakali pano dziko la Malawi likukumana ndi kukwera kowononga mitengo, kuwononga nkhalango, nyengo zosapanganika komanso kuwonongeka kwa nthaka.
English: The Department of Forestry has developed a National Forest Landscape Restoration Strategy to address these challenges
Chichewa: Mthambi yoona za nkhalango inakhadzikitsa National Landscape Restoration Strategy kuti ithane ndi mavuto amenewa
English: The Strategy outlines priority opportunities and interventions that can translate the potential of restoration into multiple benefits such as improved food security, increased biodiversity, improved water supply, job creation, income, carbon sequestration and enhanced resilience to climate change
Chichewa: Ndondomekozi zikufotokoza ntchito ndi zochitika zonse zomwe zingachititse kuti kuthekera kobwezeretsa zachilengedwe kukhale kopindulitsa kwambiri monga kukhala odzidalira pachakudya, kuchulukitsa zachilengedwe, kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zamadzi, kupezetsa anthu ntchito, kuchotsa mpweya wa carbon ndi kulimbikitsa kudzidalira pankhani zakusintha kwa nyengo
English: Management plans indicate the appropriate seasons for replanting, protection against livestock and wildfires
Chichewa: Ndondomeko zakasamalidwe zionetse moyenera nyengo zobzalira, kuteteza ku ziweto komanso moto wamtchire
English: Inclusion of legumes in cropping systems would help to improve soil fertility as they have the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen in soils.
Chichewa: Kuphatikiza mbewu za nyemba pa ulimi kungathandize kuti nthaka ikhale yachonde chifukwa zili ndi kuthekera koyika nitrogen wamumpweya munthaka
English: Make a groove 5-6 cm deep on the middle of the ridge, drop a single seed every 10 cm for Spanish varieties and 15 cm for Virginia varieties.
Chichewa: Pangani ngalande yakuya 5-6 cm pakati pa mzere, gwetsani mbeu imodzi pa 10 cm iliyonse pamitundu ya ku Spain ndi 15 cm ya Virginia.
English: Groundnuts are attacked by a number of pests and diseases; however the most important and widespread are: Rosette, Early and Late leaf spots and rusts.
Chichewa: mtedza umagwidwa ndi tizilombo komanso matenda osiyanasiya, koma matenda amene amafala kwambiri komanso ovuta ndi khate, early ndi late leaf spots and rusts
English: After lifting, the groundnut should be quickly and thoroughly dried before storage.
Chichewa: mukamaliza kukumba mtedza wanu uyanikidwe kuti uwume bwino usanasungidwe
English: Ventilated stacking or Mandela Cock is a modern way of curing the nuts.
Chichewa: kuuwinjika pamodzi mtedza moyang'aniza mmwamba kapena kuti mandela cock ndi njira yamakono yowumisila mtedza
English: Small stacks are encouraged since the nuts take a few days to cure
Chichewa: Milu ing'onoing'ono ikulimbikitsidwa chifukwa mtedza umatenga masiku ochepa kuti uwume
English: Dry pods produce rattling sound when shaken.
Chichewa: Ndolo zouma zimasokosela zikakhutchumulidwa
English: If stored in bags, stack them on wooden planks or poles to avoid damage from dampness from the wall and the floor.
Chichewa: ngati wasungidwa mmasaka/matumba, sanjani matumba anu mamwamba pa matabwa kapena mitengo kuopesa kuonongeka ndi chinyezi cha mmakoma komanso pansi
English: Groundnuts are usually shelled prior to sowing or selling, with the majority of farmers shelling by hand.
Chichewa: mtedza umaswedwa pa nthawi imene ukufuna kubzalidwa kapena kugulitsidwa, ndipo alimi ambiri amaswa ndi manja
English: Termites can also attack soybean plants at any stage of development from the seed to the mature soybean plant particularly when there is prolonged dry spells
Chichewa: Chiswe chimaononga mbewu ya soya pemene yayamba kukula kumene mpakana itayamba kukhwima
English: Legumes are very important crops that contribute to improving household food security, nutrition, and soil health and soil fertility.
Chichewa: mbewu za magulu anyemba ndizofunika kwambiri popeza zimathandizila kupezeka kwa chakudya pakhomo, nthazi komanso kuonjezela chonde nthaka
English: Soils that easily compact and form a crust must be avoided for growing soybean
Chichewa: pewani kubzala mbewu ya soya pa nthaka imene siimachedwa kugwirana pamodzi
English: A farm business plan is a plan that records the most important decisions and actions affecting the operation of the farm business.
Chichewa: pulani ya bizinesi ya kumunda ndi pulani yomwe imasunga zinthu zofunika kwambiri ndi zochitika zomwe zimakhudza ulimi wa biziznesi
English: Market research helps farmers to produce what they can sell rather than produce then hunt for a buyer.
Chichewa: kuchita kafukufuku wa msika kumathandiza alimi kuti alime zinthu zimene akhonza kugulitsa osati kulima zinthu zimene azilephere kupeza msika ogulitsila
English: There are two types of farm records namely: Physical records and financial records.
Chichewa: pali mitundu iwiri ya ma rekodi: ya pa manja komanso ya za chuma
English: Plant 2 seeds per station spaced at 60 cm on ridges of either 75 or 90 cm apart. 
Chichewa: bzalani mbewu ziwiri pa phando motalika 60cm pa mizere yotalikana 75 mpaka 90 cm
English: Avoiding planting seeds obtained from mosaic-affected plants
Chichewa: pewani kubzala mbewu zomwe zinagwidwapo ndi nthenda ya mosaic
English: Piling soybean plants on tarpaulin or putting dry soybean pods in sacks and beating them with a stick.
Chichewa: kusanzula soya pa tarpaulin kapen akumuika mmatumba ndikumaputha ndi chimtengo
English: Avoid poor sandy soils with low content of organic matter. 
Chichewa: pewani dothi la mchenga lomwe lili ndi manyowa achilenge ochepa
English: Maggots can be controlled by adjusting time of planting
Chichewa: mutha kuthana ndi mbozi posintha nthawi yobzalila
English: Aphids can be controlled by spraying Dimethoate(WP or EC)
Chichewa: popelani dimethoate( WP akpena EC) kuti muthane ndi nsabwe
English: Plant dwarf varieties in rows 45 cm apart
Chichewa: mizere ya mbewu yaifupi isiyane 45cm
English: Post emergence herbicides are applied after weeds and the crop have emerged and the target specific weed type
Chichewa: mankhwala a udzu amathiridwa udzi ndi mbewu zikamela ndi pa mtundu wa udzu oyenera kuthilidwawo
English: Weeding can be done manually or using herbicides
Chichewa: mukhonza kupalira udzu kapena kuthila kuthira mankhwala
English:  Dig groundnuts and dry using Mandela cock system
Chichewa: kumbani ndi kuyanika mtedza pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya mandela cock
English: Apply phosphorus using 2×50 kg bags of 23:21:0 +4S compound fertilizer available in Malawi.
Chichewa: thirani phosphorus pothira matumba awiri a 5okg a fetereza wa 23:21:0+4s opezeka M'malawi
English: The field should be weed free especially in the initial stages of establishment. 
Chichewa: munda ukuyenera ukhale opanda udzi makamaka nthawi yobzala
English: Without exception, all early maturing pigeon pea varieties have to be sprayed twice between 50% and full flowering and twice between 50% and full pod to control insect pests
Chichewa: mukachotsa mtedza wanu ukuyenera kukhala kuti wauma bwino musanausunge
English: The young leaves and immature pods are eaten as vegetables. 
Chichewa: masamba aang'ono ndi mbewu zosakhwima zimadyedwa ngati ndiwo zamasamba
English: It is tolerant of drought and well adapted to sandy and poor soils
Chichewa: ndiyopilira ku chilala ndi kuchita bwino pa dothi la mchenga khangaleso dothi lopanda chonde
English: Proper site selection is very important
Chichewa: kazankhidwe ka malo abwino ndikofunikila
English: Plant one seed in rows/ridges per stations spaced at 25cm apart
Chichewa: bzalani bzalani mbewu imodziimodzi pa mzere uliwonse ndipo mapando atalikilane kwa 25cm
English: 2 bags of NPK (23:21:0+4S) are sufficient for one hectare
Chichewa: matumba awiri a fetereza wa NPK (23:21:0+4S) ndiwokwanila pa hekitala
English: The rows /ridges should be spaced at 75 cm apart
Chichewa: mizere ikuyenera kutalikilana kwa 75cm
English: Top dress with UREA fertilizer after 3 to 4 weeks from basal dressing fertilizer application
Chichewa: thirani fetereza wa UREA pakangotha masabata atatu kapena anayi mutangothila fetereza obzalila
English: Keep the maize field as free from weeds as possible
Chichewa: onetsetsani kuti munda wa chimanga ulibe udzu
English: Weeding can be done manually or using herbicides
Chichewa: mutha kupalila pamanja kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala
English: Application rates and modalities are indicated on the label for the mentioned type of herbicide
Chichewa: kathiridwe kamankhwala ndi zina zoyenera kutsatila zimalembedwa pachipepala cha mankwalawo
English: Crop rotation can also be used to control some weeds such as witch weed
Chichewa: kulima kwa kasinthasintha kumathandiza kuchepetsa udzu monga kaufiti
English: Late planted crops are mostly attacked
Chichewa: mbewu zomwe zabzalidwa mochedwa ndizomwe zimakhudzidwa kwambiri
English: Hand picking is most practical and should be encouraged
Chichewa: kutola ndikothandiza kwmabiri ndipo kuzilimbikitsidwa
English: The insect pest can also be controlled by spraying with Endosulfan35 EC and pyrethroids
Chichewa: mutha kuthana ndi tizilomboti pothira mankhwala a  Endosulfan35 EC ndi pyrethroids
English: It also occurs in high altitude when maize is planted late
Chichewa: zimachitika malo okwera chimanga chikadzalidwa mochedwa
English: The maize planted during off season in dimbas using residual moisture acts as a reservoir of both leafhoppers and the virus
Chichewa: chimanga chimene chimadzalidwa nthawi yopanda mvula mmadimba chimakhala chipangizo chosungilamo mazila a zitete komanso tizilombo (virus)
English: Dissemination is mostly by wind borne spores (wind dispersed)
Chichewa: kufalitsa kumachitika kwambiri ndi ma spores ofala ndi mphepo (ofalitsidwa ndi mphepo)
English: Ensuring that all crop residuals are fully decomposed before planting
Chichewa: kuonetsetsa kuti zosalila mmunda zonse zaololena  bwino musanadzale
English: Harvesting and storage in maize
Chichewa: kakololedwe ndi kasungidwe ka chimanga
English: Legumes are very important crops that contribute to improving household food security, nutrition, and soil health and soil fertility.
Chichewa: mbewu za nyemba ndizofunika kwmabiri chifukwa zimathanditha kuonjezera chakudya chokwanira pakhomo, thanzi la anthu ndi  nthaka ya bwino komanso yachonde
English: Soil fertility improvement and fodder
Chichewa: kutukula chonde mnthaka komanso chakudya cha ziweto
English: Legumes are vital supplement to the largely maize-based diets and are readily available sources of vegetable protein, vitamins and vegetable oil.
Chichewa: mbewu za nyemba zimaonjezela kwambiri ku zakudya za chimanga komanso ndi nsanamilo wopezekelatu zamasama za mapuloteni, mavitamini ndi zasamamba zamafuta
English: Legumes provide cash farmers thereby contributing to their livelihoods.
Chichewa: mbewu za nyemba zimabweretsa ndalama kwa alimi kotelo kutukula miyoyo yawo
English: Farmers should always use certified seed for higher yields.
Chichewa: alimi akuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu yovomelezeka kuti akolole zochuluka
English: Plant with the first effective rains (approximately 25-30 mm).
Chichewa: bzalani ndi mvula yoyambilila ( ikagwa pafupifupi 25-30 mm)
English: Cover the groove firmly to ensure rapid and uniform emergence
Chichewa: kwililani maenje kuti zimele mofulumila komanso mofanana
English: There is need to treat groundnuts kernels with appropriate fungicides such as Thiram or Fernasan D.
Chichewa: ndikofunika kuwaza mankhwala monga Thiram kapena Fernasan D mungale za mtedza kuti zisawonongeke
English: Weed at least twice during this critical period is imperative, thus within 20 and 45 days after sowing.
Chichewa: kupalila kosachepera kawiri mu nyengo yovuta ndikofunika kwambiri, kotero chitani izi pakati ma pa masiku 20 mpaka 45 mukabzala
English: the most important and widespread are: Rosette, Early and Late leaf spots and rusts
Chichewa: matenda amene amafala kwambiri ndi: khate, early ndi late leaf spot ndi dzimbiri
English: It is common to find pods of different ages on the same plant at any one time the groundnut crop is scouted.
Chichewa: ndizosadabwisa kupeza mbewu zosiyana kakulidwe pa mtengo umodzi wa mtedza pamene mukuyendera mbewu
English: Ground nuts should be timely harvested to avoid bleaching and discolouration of nuts, sprouting and pods remaining in the ground, and aflatoxin contamination.
Chichewa: mtedza ukuyenera kukololedwa mu nthawi yoyenera kuti mupewe kusuluka kwa mtundu, kumela komanso kusalila kwa makoko mu nthaka ndi kuyamba chuku
English: The falling of leaves is not necessarily a sign of maturity
Chichewa: kugwa kwa masamba sikukutanthauza kukhwima kwa mbewu
English: Dry pods produce rattling sound when shaken
Chichewa: makoko owuma amasokosela akakhuchumulidwa
English: Ventilated stacking or Mandela Cock is a modern way of curing the nuts.
Chichewa: kuunjika pamodzi kapena kupanga mandela cock ndi njira imodzi yochilitsa/kuumitsa mtedza
English: Remove groundnuts from the straws.
Chichewa: chotsani mtedza ku mitengo yake
English: Store their groundnuts in pods and in well ventilated containers and structures to avoid mould development and aflatoxin contamination
Chichewa: kusunga mtedza wawo mu makoko ndi zosungilamo zopita bwino mpweya ndi nkhokwe  kuopesa chinyezi komanso chuku
English: Store under dry conditions.
Chichewa: sungani malo owuma bwino
English: Ensure that the bags allow good circulation of air so as to maintain seed vigour and viability
Chichewa: onetsani kuti matumba akhale olowa bwino mpweya  kuti mtedza usaonongeke
English: Do not wet pods to prior to shelling as this may lead to development of moulds and aflatoxin
Chichewa: osanyowetsa mtedza pamene ukuswanyidwa kuopetsa nkhungu komanso ndi chuku
English: All mouldy nuts should be discarded and not fed to livestock.
Chichewa: mtedza wa nkhungu utayidwe ndipo usadyetse ziweto
English: Grade properly, taking out shriveled, rotten, mouldy and split nuts.
Chichewa: sankhani bwino, pochotsa mbewu zonyala, zowola, za nkhungu ndi zosweka
English: If using a mechanical shellers sort your pods according sieve sizes.
Chichewa: ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosolela, sankhani mbewu zanu malingana ndi mtundu wamasefa
English: it is grown throughout the country mostly in cool plateau areas.
Chichewa: zimalimidwe mmadera mabiri dziko muno makamaka madera azitunda ozizila
English: The bean yields are around 300 to 800kg per hectare.
Chichewa: nyemba zikakololedwa zimatha kufika 300 mpaka 800kg pa hekitala
English: Land should be prepared by the end of November for the southern region and by the end of December for the central and Northern regions
Chichewa: maboma akumwera ayenera kusosa mwezi wa novembala usanathe pamene pakati ndi kumpoto ayenera kusosa mwezi wa desembala usanathe
English: Recommended Cultural Practices in Bean Production
Chichewa: zoyenera kutsatila pa ulimi wa nyemba
English: This requires a seed rate of 80 and 70 kgs per hectare 
Chichewa: zimafunika mbewu zokwana 80 ndi 70kg pa hekitala
English: This requires a seed rate of 75 to 90kgs per hectare
Chichewa: zimafunika mbewu zokwana 75 mpaka 90kg pa hekitala
English: In relay cropping planting should be done during the months of February and March.
Chichewa: pa ulimi odalirana kubzala kudzikhala pakati pa mwezi wa february ndi march
English: Beans should be planted from mid-December to mid-January in southern region and in the month of January in central and Northern regions.
Chichewa: nyemba zidzalidwe  kuyambila pakati pa mwezi wa December mpaka pakati pa mwezi wa January madera a kumwera ndi mwe wa January madera a pakati ndi kumpoto
English: Climbing beans should be planted on 1 row, 1 seed per station at 15cm apart.
Chichewa: bzalani nyemba zoyanga mzere umodzi, mbewu imodzi pa phando zitalikilane 15cm
English: Plant beans on flat as this assists in moisture conservation.
Chichewa: bzalani nyemba zanu pa malo olingana bwino pakuti izi zimathandiza kusunga chinyontho
English: plant 1 seed per station spaced at 20cm
Chichewa: bzala mbewu imodzi pa phando pa 20cm
English: Fertilizer is needed for root development.
Chichewa: fetereza ndi ofunikila kuti mizu ikule bwino
English: Apply 18g per 2metres of ridge length using two and half cupful of cup number 8
Chichewa: thirani 18g pa 2 mita ya mzere pogwiritsa ntchito makapu awiri ozadza a kapu namba 8
English: Hand weeding is applicable when weeds are observed during flowering
Chichewa: kudzula udzu ndi manja ndi kotheka  pamene mbewu zayamba kutulutsa maluwa
English: Avoid weeding during flowering to avoid flower shedding
Chichewa: pewani kupalira pamene mbewu zanu zayamba maluwa kuopesa kuthothoka kwa maluwa
English: Practice a 3 year rotation with cereals
Chichewa: yeselani kasinthasintha ka mbewu za chimanga
English: Bury crop residues
Chichewa: kwililani zotsalira za mbewu yanu (mapesi)
English: Spray Daconil at same rate as with Anthracnose
Chichewa: thirani mankhwala a Daconil mmene mumathirila mankhwala a Anthracnose
English: Bean common mosaic virus Symptoms include dark green sector on leaves and curling of leaves
Chichewa: zizindikilo za nthenda ya mosaic virus za nyemba ndi monga kubiliwila ndi kukwinyana kwa masamba
English: Pests in beans include Bean Stem Maggot, bean beetle and bean aphids
Chichewa: tizilombo tomwe timagwira nyemba ndi monga mbozi, zitete ndi nsabwe za mmasamba
English: Beetles can be controlled by spraying carbaryl at the rate of 85g in 14 litre of water or 1litre of water in ULV Sprayer.
Chichewa: tizilombo  (beetle) muthane nazo powazila mankhwala a carbaryl pa mlingo wa 85g mu 14 lita ya madzi mu sipuleya ya ULV
English: Do hand threshing to avoid damage
Chichewa: nsanzulani ndi manja kuopa kuononga
English: Do not store cowpea treated with Phostoxin in a living room or animal house.
Chichewa: osasunga nandolo amene anathiridwa phostoxin mu chipinda chopezeka anthu kapena mosungila ziweto
English: Do not use Phostoxin directly without wrapping it or in a container that is not airtight
Chichewa: osagwiritsa ntchito phostoxin ngati sanasungidwe mu kontena yovindikila bwino yosalowa mpweya
English: Do not use or sell cowpea grains that have been mixed with storage chemical until after 6 months of storage.
Chichewa: osagwiritsa ncthito kapena kugulitsa nandolo amene ngati miyezi isanu ndi umodzi siinathe chithilireni mankhwala
English: Ensure good hygiene in the store and check every 2 weeks for any change in storage conditions
Chichewa: onetsetsani kuti mosungila mwanu ndi mwaukhondo komanso kumayang'anamo pakatha masabata awiri aliwonse kuti muzikhala mokonza bwino
English: Keep rodents away.
Chichewa: sungani kutali ndi makoswe
English: Conduct the second spraying 10 days after the first spraying when the crop is in full flowering and podding
Chichewa: thiraniso mankhwala pakatha masiku khumi chithirireni mankhwala ena pamene mbewu zanu zamaliza kupanga maluwa komanso kuyamba kubereka
English: Conduct the first spraying between 30 and 35 days (4–5 weeks) after planting when flower bud initiation has started. T
Chichewa: thirani mankhwala oyambilira pakati ma masiku 30 ndi 35 (masabata 4-5) mukabzala pamene maluwa ayamba kumasula kumene
English: For varieties susceptible to aphids, one spraying may be needed at seedling stage, 14–21days after planting.
Chichewa: kwa mitundu yosachedwa kugwidwa ndi nsabwe za mmasamba, kupopera mankhwala kamodzi zikangomela ndi kofunika, masiku 14 mpaka 21 zikangobzalidwa
English: Clean up haulms from previous crops, as these insects may survive over season in such rubbish.
Chichewa: chotsani mapesi a mbewu zakale kuti mbewu zatsopano zisagwidwe ndi tizilombo timene timabitsala mmapesimo
English: Late-maturing varieties require more sprays than early maturing varieties because of the staggered flowering period
Chichewa: mbewu zochedwa kucha zimafunika kuthiridwa mankhwala kwa nthawi yaitali kamaba kakuti maluwa ake amatulukaso mochedwa kusiyana ndi mbewu zokucha msanga
English: For varieties susceptible to aphids, one spraying may be needed at seedling stage, 14–21days after planting.
Chichewa: mbewu zomwe sizichedwa kugwidwa ndi nsabwe za mmasamba zimafunika kuthira mankhwa zikangophukia komanso pakatha masabata awiri mpaka atatu zikadzalidwa
English: Severely infested plants do not produce any flowers.
Chichewa: mbewu zomwe zakhuzidwa kwambiri zizitulutsa maluwa
English: Flower buds and flowers fall prematurely without forming any pod
Chichewa: maluwa amayoyoka asanamalize kukula mpakana osaberekanso
English: The larvae feed on tender parts of the stem, peduncles, flower buds, flowers, and pods 
Chichewa: kachilomboka kamadya mbali zofewa za nthambi, ma penducle, maluwa oyamba kumene, maluwa ndi mbewu
English: They suck the sap from green pods, causing them to shrivel and dry prematurely, resulting in seed loss.
Chichewa: zimamwa timadzi ta mbewu zobiliwila zosakhwima zomwe zimapangisa kuti mbeu zinyale zisanakhwime komanso kuti zionongeke
English: Insect pests are major constraints to cowpea production in West Africa
Chichewa: tizilombo ndi chinthu chachikulu chimene chimabwenzeretsa pambuyo ulimi wa nandolo mmaiko aku madzulo kwa Afrika
English: Damage by insect pests on cowpea can be as high as 80–100% if not effectively controlled.
Chichewa: kuononga kwa tizilomba pa nandolo tikhonza kufika 80 mpaka 100% ngati sizinathesedwe bwino
English: It not only causes direct damage to the cowpea plant but also acts as a vector in transmitting of Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus.
Chichewa: zimayambitsa kuonongweka kwa mtengo wa nandolo komanso zimakhala mosungila ndi kufalitsa nsabwe za mmasamba zoyambitsa matenda a mosaic virus mu nandolo
English: Adopt crop rotation
Chichewa: tengelani kudzala kw akasinthasintha
English: Uproot and bury infected plants.
Chichewa: dzulani ndikutentha mbewu zokhudzidwa
English: Use a resistant variety
Chichewa: gwiritsani ntchito mbewu zosagwidwa ndi matenda
English: It causes yellowing between the veins of cowpea leaves, resulting in the death of infested plants.
Chichewa: zimafiilitsa masamba a nandolo kupangisa kuti mbewu ziume
English: The choice of herbicide, however, depends on the predominant weed species and the availability of the herbicide
Chichewa: chisankho cha mankhwala a udzu, chimatengela ndi mitundu ya udzu ndi mankhwala othana ndi udzu amene alipo
English: Paraquat controls emerged grass and broadleaf weeds while Pendimethalin prevents weed seeds from germinating.
Chichewa: paraquat amathana ndi udzu ongomela kumene komanso oyanaga pamene pendimethalin amaletsa mbewu ya udzu kuti isamele
English: Striga gesnerioides is widespread in areas with low rainfall and poor soil fertility, conditions that are common throughout the northern Guinea and Sudan savanna zones
Chichewa: kaufiti amamela kwmabiri malo osowa mvula komanso opanda chonde, nyengo zimene zimkhala kwmabiri kumpoto kwa Guinea ndi Sudan savanna zones
English: Pre-planting weed control/zero tillage
Chichewa: kuthana ndi udzi musanabzale/ kusalima
English: The type of weed control measures adopted should be based on the nature of the problem and the resources available to the farmer.
Chichewa: njira zothanilana ndi udzi zomwe mukuyenera kutengela zikhale zogwirizana ndi chiyambi cha vutolo ndi zipangizo zomwe mlimi ali nazo
English: Cowpea does not require too much nitrogen fertilizer because it fixes its own nitrogen from the air using the nodules in its roots
Chichewa: nandolo safunika fetereza wa nayitrojeni chifukwa amapanga nayitrojeno wake kuchikela ku pweya pogwiritsa ntchito tozungulira topezeka mmitsitsi
English: If too much nitrogen fertilizer is used, the plant will grow luxuriantly with poor grain yield.
Chichewa: ngati mwathila fetereza wa nitrogen, mbewu zimatalika koma osabereka kwambiri
English: Cowpea requires more phosphorus than nitrogen in the form of single super phosphate
Chichewa: nandolo amafunika  fosisolasi wambiri kusiyana ndi nayitrojeni yemwe amapezeka mu single super pospahate
English: About 30 kg of P/ha in the form of Supa is recommended for cowpea production to help the crop to nodulate well and fix its own nitrogen from the air
Chichewa: pafupifupi 30kg ya p/ha ya supa imalimbikitsidwa ku ulimi wa nandolo kuti izithandiza mbewu kutulutsa tozungulila ta mmitsistsi komanso kuoanga nayitrojeni wake
English: The seeds may rot and plant stand will be uneven
Chichewa: mbewu ikhonza kuwola koma mtengo wa mbewu umakhala bwinobwino
English: The cereal and cowpea should be planted at the recommended spacing
Chichewa: mbewu za chimanga ndi nandolo zikuyenera kubzalidwa mu ndondomeko yoyenera
English: Sow seeds at a depth of 2.5 to 5 cm for most varieties; planting seeds more than 5 cm deep will delay emergence
Chichewa: bzalani mbewu pa mlingo wa 2.5 mpaka 5cm kuchoka pansi ku mitundu yambiri ya mbewu; kubzala mbewu mopitilila 5cm kumachdwetsa kumera
English: Seed preparation for planting
Chichewa: kukonzekela mbewu zobzala
English: More seeds are required when erect varieties are used than when prostrate varieties are adopted, because of the closer spacing of the erect variety
Chichewa: mbewu yambili imafunika ku mbewu zodzuka mwamba kusiyana ndi mbewu zoyanga pansi chifukwa mapando a mbewu zodzuka mwamba amakhala oyandikana
English: The larger the seeds, the more seeds/ha are required
Chichewa: mbewu zikuluzikulu zimalowa zambiri pa hekitala
English: Clear the site of shrubs and stubble.
Chichewa: chotsani zamasamba ndi ziputu
English: Land can also be prepared manually with the African hand-hoe
Chichewa: malo atha kusosedwa pamanja ndi khasu
English: Plow and harrow the field to provide sufficient tilth for good root growth.
Chichewa: limani ndi kuswa zibuma za mmunda kuti dothi likhale lowelamila bwino kuti muzi ikule bwino
English: Where the soils are more fragile and prone to erosion, adopt minimum or zero tillage
Chichewa: kumene dothi ndi losalimba komanso losachedw akukokoloka, tengerani kulima kosasokoneza nthaka kapena kusalimitatu
English: Survives intermittent drought
Chichewa: imapilira ku chilala chachikulu
English: Resistant to some major pests and diseases
Chichewa: imagonjetsa tizilombo ndi matenda akuluakulu
English: Choice of varieties
Chichewa: nsankho wa mitundu ya mbewu
English: The choice of variety is based on maturity period, yield potential, drought tolerance, responsiveness to day length, and pest and disease resistance
Chichewa: chisankho cha mtundu wa mbewu chimategela ndi nyengo yokhwima, kuchuluka kwa zokolola, kupilila ku nyengo yowuma, kuyankha kutalika kwa tsiku komanso kupilila ku tizilombo ndi matenda
English: Extra-early and early maturing (Look out for the varieties that have a maturity period that falls within 60–80 days.)
Chichewa: mbewu zokhiwma msanga kwambiri (yang'anani mbewu zimene zimakhwima pakati pa masiku 60 mpakana 80