dmatekenya/chichewa-machine-translation huggingface dataset:
English: Despite his growing interest in politics, he was not active in any political movement. He joined a number of inter-racial groupsthrough which he mixed with both black and white Rhodesians
Chichewa: Ngakhale kuti ankakonda kwambiri ndale, sankachita nawo zandale. Analowa m'magulu amitundu yosiyanasiyana omwe adasakaniza ndi a Rhodesia akuda ndi oyera
English: From 1955 to 1958, Mugabe lived in neighbouring Northern Rhodesia, where he worked at Chalimbana Teacher Training College in Lusaka
Chichewa: Kuyambira 1955 mpaka 1958, Mugabe ankakhala ku Northern Rhodesia komwe ankagwira ntchito pa Chalimbana Teacher Training College ku Lusaka
English: There he continued his education by working on a second degree by correspondence, this time a Bachelor of Administration from the University of London International Programmes through distance and learning
Chichewa: Kumeneko anapitiriza maphunziro ake pogwira ntchito pa digiri yachiwiri mwa makalata, nthawi ino Bachelor of Administration kuchokera ku yunivesite ya London yophunzisa zoona za mayiko ena ambiri kudzera patali ndi kuphunzira
English: In Northern Rhodesia, he was taken in for a time by the family of Emmerson Mnangagwa, whom Mugabe inspired to join the liberation movement and who would later go on to be President of Zimbabwe
Chichewa: Kumpoto kwa Rhodesia, adatengedwa kwakanthawi ndi banja la Emmerson Mnangagawa, yemwe Mubebe adauzidwa kuti akhale mtsogoleri wa dzikolo
English: According to Mugabe, "I went [to Ghana] as an adventurist. I wanted to see what it would be like in an independent African state"
Chichewa: Malinga ndi Mugabe, 'Ndinapita [ku Ghana] monga oyendayenda. Ndinkafuna kuona momwe zingakhalire m'dziko lodziimira palokha mu Africa'
English: Ghana had been the first African state to gain independence from European colonial powers and under the leadership of Kwame Nkrumah underwent a range of African nationalist reforms
Chichewa: Ghana inali dziko loyamba la Africa kupeza ufulu wodzilamulira kuchokera ku maulamuliro a atsamunda a ku Ulaya ndipo motsogozedwa ndi Kwame Nkrumah adasintha kusintha kwa African nationalist
English: Mugabe revelled in this environment. In tandem with his teaching, Mugabe attended the Kwame Nkrumah Ideological Institute in Winneba
Chichewa: Mugabe anasangalala kwambiri ndi izi. Mogwirizana ndi chiphunzitso chake, Mugabe adapita ku Kwame Nkrumah Ideological Institute ku Winneba
English: While Mugabe was teaching abroad, an anti-colonialist African nationalist movement was established in Southern Rhodesia
Chichewa: Pamene Mugabe anali kuphunzitsa kunja, gulu lodana ndi atsamunda la Africa linakhazikitsidwa ku Southern Rhodesia
English: It was first led by Joshua Nkomo's Southern Rhodesia African National Congress, founded in September 1957 and then banned by the colonial government in February 1959
Chichewa: Poyamba idatsogozedwa ndi Joshua Nkomo's Southern Rhodesia African National Congress, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu Seputembara 1957 ndipo idaletsedwa ndi boma la atsamunda mu February 1959
English: In May 1960, Mugabe returned to Southern Rhodesia, bringing Hayfron with him. The pair had planned for their visit to be short, however Mugabe's friend, the African nationalist Leopold Takawira, urged them to stay
Chichewa: Mu May 1960, Mugabe anabwerera ku Southern Rhodesia, atabweretsa Hayfron naye. Awiriwa adakonza zoti ulendo wawo ukhale waufupi, komabe mnzake wa Mugabe, yemwe ndi mtsogoleri wa dziko la Africa, Leopold Takawira, adawalimbikitsa kuti azikhala
English: Joshua Nkomo became one of the leading figures of resistance to white minority rule in Southern Rhodesia
Chichewa: Joshua Nkomo adakhala m'modzi mwa anthu omwe adatsutsa ulamuliro wa azungu ochepa ku Southern Rhodesia
English: In July 1960, Takawira and two other NDP officials were arrested; in protest, Mugabe joined a demonstration of 7,000 people who planned to March from Highfield to the Prime Minister's office in Salisbury
Chichewa: Mu July 1960, Takawira ndi akuluakulu ena awiri a NDP anamangidwa; Potsutsa, Mugabe adagwirizana ndi ziwonetsero za anthu zikwi zisanu ndiziwiri omwe akukonzekera kuguba kuchokera ku Highfield kupita ku ofesi ya nduna yaikulu ku Salisbury
English: The demonstration was stopped by riot police outside Stoddart Hall in Harare township. By midday the next day, the crowd had grown to 40,000 and a makeshift platform had been erected for speakers
Chichewa: Ziwonetserozi zidayimitsidwa ndi apolisi oletsa zipolowe kunja kwa Stoddart Hall m'tauni ya Harare. Pofika masana masana, khamu la anthu linali litakwera kufika pa mazana makumi anayi ndipo anali atamanga nsanja yongolankhulapo
English: Having become a much-respected figure through his profession, his possession of three degrees, and his travels abroad, Mugabe was among those invited to speak to the crowd
Chichewa: Pokhala munthu wolemekezeka kwambiri chifukwa cha ntchito yake, kukhala ndi madigiri atatu, komanso maulendo ake akunja, Mugabe anali m'modzi mwa anthu omwe anaitanidwa kuti alankhule ndi khamulo
English: Following this event, Mugabe decided to devote himself full-time to activism, resigning his teaching post in Ghana (after having served two years of the four-year teaching contract)
Chichewa: Pambuyo pa chochitikachi, Mugabe adaganiza zodzipatulira nthawi zonse kuti azichita ziwonetsero, akusiya ntchito yake yophunzitsa ku Ghana (atatumikira zaka ziwiri za mgwirizano wazaka zinayi)
English: Mugabe was elected the party's publicity secretary. Mugabe consciously injected emotionalism into the NDP's African nationalism, hoping to broaden its support among the wider population by appealing to traditional cultural values
Chichewa: Mugabe adasankhidwa kukhala mlembi wolengeza za chipanichi. Mugabe mwachidwi adalowetsa kukhudzika mtima kudziko la NDP mu Africa, ndikuyembekeza kukulitsa chithandizo chake pakati pa anthu ambiri potsatira miyambo yachikhalidwe
English: He helped to form the NDP Youth Wing and encouraged the incorporation of ancestral prayers, traditional costume, and female ululation into its meetings
Chichewa: Anathandizira kukhazikitsa nthambi ya NDP Yaachinyamata ndikulimbikitsanso kuti mapemphero a makolo akale, zovala za makolo, ndi kulira kwa akazi pamisonkhano yawo.
English: In February 1961 he married Hayfron in a Roman Catholic ceremony conducted in Salisbury; she had converted to Catholicism to make this possible
Chichewa: Mu February 1961 anakwatira Hayfron mu mwambo wa Roma Katolika womwe unachitikira ku Salisbury; adatembenukira ku Chikatolika kuti izi zitheke
English: The British government held a Salisbury conference in 1961 to determine Southern Rhodesia's future
Chichewa: Boma la Britain lidachita msonkhano ku Salisbury mu chaka cha 1961 kuti lidziwe tsogolo la Southern Rhodesia
English: Nkomo led an NDP delegation, which hoped that the British would support the creation of an independent state governed by the black majority
Chichewa: Nkomo adatsogolera nthumwi za NDP, zomwe zidakhulupirira kuti a Britain athandizira kukhazikitsa dziko lodziyimira pawokha lolamulidwa ndi anthu akuda
English: Representatives of the country's white minority—who then controlled Southern Rhodesia's government—were opposed to this, promoting continued white minority rule
Chichewa: Oimira azungu ochepa m’dzikolo—omwe panthawiyo ankalamulira boma la Southern Rhodesia—anatsutsa zimenezi, kulimbikitsa ulamuliro wa azungu ochepa
English: Following negotiations, Nkomo agreed to a proposal which would allow the black population representation through 15 of the 65 seats in the country's parliament
Chichewa: Pambuyo pazokambilana, a Nkomo adagwirizana ndi ganizo lomwe lingalole kuti nthumwi za anthu akuda zilowe mumipando khumi ndiisanu mwa mipando makumi asanu ndiumodzi kudzanso usanu ya nyumba ya malamulo ya dziko
English: Mugabe and others in the NDP were furious at Nkomo's compromise. Following the conference, Southern Rhodesia's African nationalist movement fell into disarray
Chichewa: Mugabe ndi ena mu NDP adakwiya ndi zomwe Nkomo adachita. Pambuyo pa msonkhanowu, gulu lomenyera ufulu wa dziko la Southern Rhodesia lalowa m’mavuto
English: Mugabe spoke at a number of NDP rallies before the party was banned by the government in December 1961
Chichewa: Mugabe analankhula pamisonkhano ingapo ya NDP chipanichi chisanaletsedwe ndi boma mu December chaka cha 1961
English: Many of its members re-grouped as the Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) several days later, with Mugabe appointed as ZAPU's publicity secretary and general secretary
Chichewa: Ambiri mwa mamembala ake adakhalanso bungwe la Zimbabwe African People's Union (ZAPU) patatha masiku angapo, ndipo Mugabe adasankhidwa kukhala mlembi komanso mlembi wamkulu wa ZAPU
English: Racial violence was growing in the country, with aggrieved black Africans targeting the white community
Chichewa: Ziwawa zamitundu zinali kukulirakulira m’dziko muno, ndipo anthu akuda a mu Afirika odandaula akuyang’ana azungu
English: Mugabe deemed such conflict a necessary tactic in the overthrow of British colonial dominance and white minority rule
Chichewa: Mugabe anaona kusamvana koteroko kukhala njira yofunikira pochotsa ulamuliro wa atsamunda a Britain ndi ulamuliro wa azungu ochepa
English: Nine months after it had been founded, ZAPU was also banned by the government, and in September 1962 Mugabe and other senior party officials were arrested and restricted to their home districts for three months
Chichewa: Patatha miyezi isanu ndi inayi chikhazikitsidwe, ZAPU idaletsedwanso ndi boma, ndipo mu September 1962 Mugabe ndi akuluakulu ena achipanichi adamangidwa ndikutsekeredwa m'maboma kwa miyezi itatu
English: Both Mugabe and his wife were in trouble with the law; he had been charged with making subversive statements in a public speech and awarded bail before his trial
Chichewa: Onse a Mugabe ndi mkazi wake anali pamavuto ndi lamulo; anaimbidwa mlandu wonena zosokoneza polankhula pagulu ndipo adapatsidwa belo asanazengedwe mlandu
English: Hayfron had been sentenced to two years imprisonment—suspended for 15 months—for a speech in which she declared that the British Queen Elizabeth II "can go to hell"
Chichewa: Hayfron adaweruzidwa kuti akhale m'ndende zaka ziwiri - kuyimitsidwa kwa miyezi khumi ndiisanu- chifukwa chakulankhula komwe adalengeza kuti Mfumukazi ya ku Britain Elizabeth II 'atha kupita ku gehena
English: Europeans must realise that unless the legitimate demands of African nationalism are recognised, then racial conflict is inevitable
Chichewa: Anthu a ku Ulaya ayenera kuzindikira kuti pokhapokha ngati zofuna zovomerezeka za dziko la Africa zizindikirika, ndiye kuti mikangano ya mafuko ndi yosapeŵeka
English: The new government sought to preserve white minority rule by tightening security and establishing full independence from the United Kingdom
Chichewa: Boma latsopano lidafuna kuteteza ulamuliro wa azungu ochepa polimbitsa chitetezo ndikukhazikitsa ufulu wodzilamulira kuchokera ku dziko laUnited Kingdom
English: Mugabe met with colleagues at his house in Salisbury's Highbury district, where he argued that as political demonstrations were simply being banned, it was time to move towards armed resistance
Chichewa: Mugabe adakumana ndi anzake kunyumba kwake m'boma la Salisbury's Highbury, komwe adati chifukwa ziwonetsero zandale zikuletsedwa, inali nthawi yoti apite kunkhondo
English: Both he and others rejected Nkomo's proposal that they establish a government-in-exile in Dar es Salaam
Chichewa: Iye ndi anthu ena onse anakana ganizo la Nkomo loti akhazikitse boma lothamangitsidwa ku Dar es Salaam
English: He and Hayfron skipped bail to attend a ZAPU meeting in the Tanganyikan city. There, the party leadership met Tanganyika's president, Julius Nyerere, who also dismissed the idea of a government-in-exile and urged ZAPU to organise their resistance to white minority rule within Southern Rhodesia itself
Chichewa: Iye ndi Hayfron adalumpha belo kupita ku msonkhano wa ZAPU mu mzinda wa Tanganyika. Kumeneko, utsogoleri wa chipanichi udakumana ndi mtsogoleri wa dziko la Tanganyika, Julius Nyerere, yemwenso adatsutsa ganizo loti boma lichoke mu ukapolo ndipo adalimbikitsa ZAPU kuti ikonzekere kukana ulamuliro wa azungu ochepa ku Southern Rhodesia
English: In August, Hayfron gave birth to Mugabe's son, whom they named Nhamodzenyika, a Shona term meaning "suffering country"
Chichewa: Mu August, Hayfron anabereka mwana wa Mugabe yemwe anamutcha kuti Nhamodzenyika, mawu a Chishona omwe amatanthauza 'dziko lovutika.
English: Mugabe insisted that she take their son back to Ghana, while he decided to return to Southern Rhodesia
Chichewa: Mugabe adanenetsa kuti atenge mwana wawo wamwamuna kubwerera ku Ghana, pomwe adaganiza zobwerera ku Southern Rhodesia
English: There, African nationalists opposed to Nkomo's leadership had established a new party, the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU), in August
Chichewa: Kumeneko, okonda dziko la Africa otsutsana ndi utsogoleri wa Nkomo adakhazikitsa chipani chatsopano, Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU), mu August
English: Ndabaningi Sithole became the group's president, while appointing Mugabe to be the group's secretary-general in absentia
Chichewa: Ndabaningi Sithole adakhala mtsogoleri wa gululi, pomwe adasankha Mugabe kukhala mlembi wamkulu wa gululi atasowa
English: ZAPU and ZANU violently opposed one another and soon gang warfare broke out between their rival memberships
Chichewa: ZAPU ndi ZANU zinatsutsana kwambiri ndipo posakhalitsa nkhondo ya zigawenga inayambika pakati pa omwe akupikisana nawo.
English: Mugabe was arrested on his return to Southern Rhodesia in December 1963. His trial lasted from January to March 1964, during which he refused to retract the subversive statements that he had publicly made
Chichewa: Mugabe anamangidwa atabwerera ku Southern Rhodesia mu December 1963. Mlandu wake unakhalapo kuyambira January mpaka March 1964, pamene anakana kutulutsa mawu otsutsa omwe adanena poyera
English: In March 1964 he was sentenced to 21 months' imprisonment. Mugabe was first imprisoned at Salisbury Maximum Security Prison, before being moved to the Wha Wha detention centre and then the Sikombela detention centre in Que Que
Chichewa: Mu March 1964 anaweruzidwa kuti akhale m’ndende kwa miyezi 21. Mugabe adamangidwa koyamba kundende ya Salisbury Maximum Security Prison, asanasamutsidwe kundende ya Wha Wha kenako ku Sikombela ku Que Que
English: At the latter, he organised study classes for the inmates, teaching them basic literacy, maths, and English
Chichewa: Pamapeto pake, anakonza makalasi ophunzirira akaidi, kuwaphunzitsa kuwerenga ndi kulemba, masamu, ndi Chingerezi.
English: Sympathetic black warders smuggled messages from Mugabe and other members of the ZANU executive committee to activists outside the prison
Chichewa: Asilikali achikuda omvera chisoni adazembetsa mauthenga ochokera kwa Mugabe ndi mamembala ena a komiti yayikulu ya ZANU kupita kwa anthu omwe ali kunja kwa ndende
English: At the executive's bidding, ZANU activist Herbert Chitepo had organised a small guerrilla force in Lusaka
Chichewa: Pakufuna kwa mkuluyo, Herbert Chitepo yemwe anali womenyera ufulu wa ZANU adakonza zigawenga ku Lusaka
English: In April 1966 the group carried out a failed attempt to destroy power pylons at Sinoia, and shortly after attacked a white-owned farm near Hartley, killing its inhabitants
Chichewa: Mu April 1966 gululo linayesa kulephera kuwononga mizati yamagetsi ku Sinoia, ndipo posakhalitsa anaukira famu ya azungu pafupi ndi Hartley, kupha anthu ake
English: The government responded by returning the members of the ZANU executive, including Mugabe, to Salisbury Prison in 1966
Chichewa: Boma lidayankha pobweza mamembala a bungwe la ZANU kuphatikiza Mugabe kundende ya Salisbury mu 1966
English: There, forty prisoners were divided among four communal cells, with many sleeping on the concrete floor due to overcrowding
Chichewa: Kumeneko, akaidi okwana makumi anayi anagawidwa m’zipinda zinayi za anthu onse, ndipo ambiri ankagona pansi pa konkire chifukwa cha kuchulukana
English: Mugabe shared his cell with Sithole, Enos Nkala, and Edgar Tekere. He remained there for eight years, devoting his time to reading and studying
Chichewa: Mugabe adagawana cell yake ndi Sithole, Enos Nkala, ndi Edgar Tekere. Anakhala komweko zaka zisanu ndi zitatu, akumathera nthaŵi yake kuŵerenga ndi kuphunzira
English: During this period, he gained several further degrees from the University of London: a masters in economics, a bachelor of administration, and two law degrees. While Mugabe was imprisoned, Ian Smith became leader of Rhodesia
Chichewa: Panthawi imeneyi, adalandira madigiri ena angapo kuchokera ku sukulu yaukachenjede ya London: masters mu zachuma, digili ya kayendetse ka ntchito zamu ofesi, ndi madigiri awiri a malamulo. Pamene Mugabe anali kundende, Ian Smith anakhala mtsogoleri wa Rhodesia
English: While imprisoned, Mugabe learned that his son had died of encephalitis at the age of three. Mugabe was grief-stricken and requested a leave of absence to visit his wife in Ghana
Chichewa: Ali m'ndende, Mugabe adamva kuti mwana wake wamwalira ndi matenda a kuubongo ali ndi zaka zitatu. Mugabe anali ndi chisoni ndipo anapempha tchuthi kuti akaone mkazi wake ku dziko la Ghana
English: He never forgave the prison authorities for refusing this request. Claims have also circulated among those who knew him at the time that Mugabe was subjected to both physical and mental torture during his imprisonment
Chichewa: Iye sanakhululukire akuluakulu a ndende chifukwa chokana pempholi. Zomwe zanenedwanso zafalikira pakati pa omwe amamudziwa panthawiyo kuti Mugabe adazunzidwa m'thupi komanso m'maganizo pamene anali m'ndende
English: According to Father Emmanuel Ribeiro, who was Mugabe's priest during his imprisonment, Mugabe got through the experience "partly through the strength of his spirituality" but also because his "real strength was study and helping others to learn
Chichewa: Malinga ndi Bambo Emmanuel Ribeiro, yemwe anali wansembe wa Mugabe panthawi yomwe anali m'ndende, Mugabe adakumana ndi zomwe adakumana nazo 'pamodzi mwa mphamvu zake zauzimu' komanso chifukwa 'mphamvu zake zenizeni zinali kuphunzira ndi kuthandiza ena kuphunzira
English: While Mugabe was imprisoned, in August 1964, the Rhodesian Front government—now under the leadership of Ian Smith—banned ZANU and ZAPU and arrested all remaining leaders of the country's African nationalist movement
Chichewa: Pamene Mugabe anali m’ndende, mu August 1964, boma la Rhodesian Front—panopa motsogozedwa ndi Ian Smith—linaletsa ZANU ndi ZAPU ndi kumanga atsogoleri onse otsala a gulu la African nationalist la dzikoli
English: Paramilitary groups based themselves in neighbouring Tanzania and Zambia; many of their fighters were inadequately armed and trained
Chichewa: Magulu a asilikali akhazikika ku Tanzania yoyandikana ndi Zambia; omenyera nkhondo awo ambiri analibe zida zokwanira komanso osaphunzitsidwa mokwanira
English: In October 1968 Sithole had tried to smuggle a message out of the prison commanding ZANU activists to assassinate Smith
Chichewa: Mu October chaka cha 1968 Sithole anayesa kuzembetsa uthenga kundende wolamula anthu omenyera ufulu wa ZANU kuti aphe Smith
English: His plan was discovered, and he was put on trial in January 1969; desperate to avoid a death sentence, he declared that he renounced violence and his previous ideological commitments
Chichewa: Cholinga chake chinadziwika, ndipo anazengedwa mlandu mu January 1969; pofunitsitsa kupeŵa chilango cha imfa, adanena kuti wasiya ziwawa ndi zomwe adachita kale
English: Mugabe denounced Sithole's "treachery" in rejecting ZANU's cause, and the executive removed him as ZANU President in a vote of no confidence, selecting Mugabe as his successor
Chichewa: Mugabe adadzudzula chinyengo cha Sithole pokana chisankho cha ZANU, ndipo akuluakulu adamuchotsa pa udindo wake monga mtsogoleri wa ZANU posankha kuti Mugabe akhale wolowa m'malo mwake
English: Fearing that the guerrilla war would spread south, the South African government pressured Rhodesia to advance the process of détente with the politically moderate black governments of Zambia and Tanzania
Chichewa: Poopa kuti nkhondo ya zigawenga ifalikira kumwera, boma la South Africa linakakamiza Rhodesia kuti ipititse patsogolo ntchito yoti akhazikitse mtendere ndi maboma akuda a Zambia ndi Tanzania omwe ali ndi ndale
English: As part of these negotiations, Smith's government agreed to release a number of black revolutionaries who had been indefinitely detained
Chichewa: Monga gawo la zokambiranazi, boma la Smith linagwirizana kumasula anthu angapo osintha anthu akuda omwe adatsekeredwa mpaka kalekale
English: After almost eleven years of imprisonment, Mugabe was released in November 1974. He moved in with his sister Sabina at her home in Highfield township
Chichewa: Atatha pafupifupi zaka khumi ndi chimodzi ali m’ndende, Mugabe anamasulidwa mu November 1974. Anasamukira ndi mlongo wake Sabina kunyumba kwawo ku Highfield township
English: He was intent on joining the ZANU forces and taking part in the guerrilla war, recognising that to secure dominance of ZANU he would have to take command of ZANLA
Chichewa: Iye ankafunitsitsa kulowa nawo gulu lankhondo la ZANU ndikuchita nawo nkhondo ya zigawenga, pozindikira kuti kuti atenge ulamuliro wa ZANU akuyenera kukhala mtsogoleri wa ZANLA
English: This was complicated by internal violence within the paramilitary group, predominately between members of the Manyika and Karange groups of Shona
Chichewa: Izi zidavuta chifukwa cha ziwawa zomwe zidachitika mkati mwa gulu lankhondo, makamaka pakati pa a Manyika ndi a Karange a Shona
English: In March 1975, Mugabe resolved to leave Rhodesia for Mozambique, ambitious to take control of ZANU's guerrilla campaign
Chichewa: Mu march 1975, Mugabe adaganiza zochoka ku Rhodesia kupita ku Mozambique, ndi cholinga chofuna kulamulira zigawenga za ZANU
English: After his friend Maurice Nyagumbo was arrested, he feared the same fate but was hidden from the authorities by Ribeiro
Chichewa: Mnzake Maurice Nyagumbo atamangidwa nayenso ankaopa zomwezo koma a Ribeiro anabisidwa kwa akuluakulu a boma
English: Mugabe remained in exile there for two years. Mozambique's President Samora Machel was sceptical of Mugabe's leadership abilities and was unsure whether to recognise him as ZANU's legitimate leader
Chichewa: Mugabe anakhala ku ukapolo kumeneko kwa zaka ziwiri. Mtsogoleri wa dziko la Mozambique Samora Machel amakayikira ngati Mugabe ndi mtsogoleri wovomerezeka wa ZANU
English: Machel gave him a house in Quelimane and kept him under partial house arrest, with Mugabe requiring permission to travel. It would be almost a year before Machel accepted Mugabe's leadership of ZANU
Chichewa: Machel adamupatsa nyumba ku Quelimane ndikumutsekera m'ndende yapanyumba, pomwe Mugabe adafuna chilolezo kuti ayende. Pakanatha pafupifupi chaka Machel kuti avomereze utsogoleri wa Mugabe wa ZANU
English: Mugabe travelled to various ZANLA camps in Mozambique to build support among its officers. By mid-1976, he had secured the allegiance of ZANLA's military commanders and established himself as the most prominent guerrilla leader battling Smith's regime
Chichewa: Mugabe adapita ku makampu osiyanasiyana a ZANLA ku Mozambique kukapereka chithandizo pakati pa maofisala ake. Pofika mkatikati mwa chaka cha 1976, adakhala wokhulupilika kwa akuluakulu ankhondo a ZANLA ndipo adadzipanga yekha kukhala mtsogoleri wodziwika bwino wa zigawenga yemwe akulimbana ndi ulamuliro wa Smith
English: In August 1977, he was officially declared ZANU President at a meeting of the party's central committee held in Chimoio
Chichewa: Mu August 1977 adasankhidwa kukhala mtsogoleri wa dziko wa ZANU pamsonkhano wa komiti yayikulu ya chipanichi womwe unachitikira ku Chimoio
English: During the war, Mugabe remained suspicious of many of ZANLA's commanders and had a number of them imprisoned
Chichewa: Panthawi yankhondoyi Mugabe adakaikira akuluakulu ambiri a ZANLA ndipo angapo adatsekeredwa mndende
English: In 1977 he imprisoned his former second-in-command, Wilfred Mhanda, for suspected disloyalty. After Josiah Tongogara was killed in a car accident in 1979, there were suggestions made that Mugabe may have had some involvement in it; these rumours were never substantiated
Chichewa: Mu 1977 anatsekera m’ndende yemwe anali wachiwiri kwa mtsogoleri wawo, Wilfred Mhanda, chifukwa choganiziridwa kuti ndi wosakhulupirika. Josiah Tongogara atamwalira pa ngozi ya galimoto mchaka cha 1979, panali malingaliro akuti Mugabe mwina adachitapo nawo; mphekesera izi sizinatsimikizike
English: Mugabe remained aloof from the day-to-day military operations of ZANLA, which he entrusted to Tongogara
Chichewa: Mugabe adakhala kutali ndi ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku za ZANLA zomwe adapereka kwa Tongogara
English: In January 1976, ZANLA launched its first major infiltration from Mozambique, with nearly 1000 guerrillas crossing the border to attack white-owned farms and stores
Chichewa: Mu January 1976, ZANLA inayambitsa ulendo wake waukulu woyamba kuchokera ku Mozambique, ndipo pafupifupi zigawenga pafupifupi zana limodzi zinadutsa malire ndi kukaukira minda ndi masitolo a azungu
English: In response, Smith's government enlisted all men under the age of 35, expanding the Rhodesian army by 50%
Chichewa: Poyankhapo, boma la Smith lidalemba amuna onse osakwanitsa zaka makumi atatu ndizisanu, kukulitsa gulu lankhondo la Rhodesia ndi theka
English: ZANLA's attacks forced large numbers of white landowners to abandon their farms; their now-unemployed black workers joined ZANLA by the thousands
Chichewa: Kuukira kwa ZANLA kudakakamiza azungu ambiri kusiya minda yawo; antchito awo akuda omwe tsopano alibe ntchito adalumikizana ndi ZANLA ndi zikwi
English: By 1979, ZANLA were in a position to attack a number of Rhodesian cities. Over the course of the war, at least 30,000 people were killed
Chichewa: Pofika m’chaka cha 1979, ZANLA inali itakwanitsa kuukira mizinda ingapo ya ku Rhodesia. Mkati mwa nkhondoyi, anthu pafupifupi mazana makumi atatu anaphedwa
English: As a proportion of their wider population, the whites had higher number of fatalities, and by the latter part of the decade the guerrillas were winning
Chichewa: Monga gawo la chiŵerengero chawo chokulirapo, azungu anali ndi chiŵerengero chochuluka chakupha, ndipo pofika kumapeto kwa zaka khumi zigawengazo zinapambana
English: Mugabe focused on the propaganda war, making regular speeches and radio broadcasts. His relationship with the People's Republic of China was far warmer, as the Chinese Maoist government supplied ZANLA with armaments without any conditions
Chichewa: Mugabe adayang'ana kwambiri pa nkhondo yabodza, kupanga zolankhula nthawi zonse komanso kuwulutsa pawailesi. Ubale wake ndi People's Republic of China unali wotentha kwambiri, popeza boma la China la Maoist lidapereka zida za ZANLA popanda zikhalidwe zilizonse
English: Mugabe called for the overthrow of Rhodesia's predominately white government, the execution of Smith and his "criminal gang", the expropriation of white-owned land, and the transformation of Rhodesia into a one-party state
Chichewa: Mugabe anapempha kuchotsedwa kwa boma la Rhodesia lomwe munali azungu ambiri, kuphedwa kwa Smith ndi gulu lake la zigawenga, kulanda malo a azungu, komanso kusintha kwa Rhodesia kukhala dziko lachipani chimodzi
English: He repeatedly called for violence against the country's white minority, referring to white Rhodesians as "blood-sucking exploiters", "sadistic killers", and "hard-core racists"
Chichewa: Kawiri kawiri adalimbikitsa nkhanza kwa azungu ochepa m'dzikolo, ponena kuti azungu a Rhodesia ndi 'odyera magazi', 'akupha mwankhanza', ndi 'osankhana mitundu
English: In one typical example, taken from a 1978 radio address, Mugabe declared: "Let us hammer [the white man] to defeat
Chichewa: Mu chitsanzo chimodzi, chotengedwa pa wailesi ya 1978, Mugabe anati: 'Tiyeni timenye [mzungu] kuti tigonjetse
English: Let us blow up his citadel. Let us give him no time to rest. Let us chase him in every corner. Let us rid our home of this settler vermin"
Chichewa: Tiyeni tiphulitse linga lake. Tisamupatse nthawi yopuma. Tiyeni timuthamangitse mu ngodya zonse. Tiyeni tichotse m'nyumba mwathu ng'ombe zamtundu uwu
English: For Mugabe, armed struggle was an essential part of the establishment of a new state. In contrast to other black nationalist leaders like Nkomo, Mugabe opposed a negotiated settlement with Smith's government
Chichewa: Kwa Mugabe, nkhondo yankhondo inali gawo lofunikira pakukhazikitsa dziko latsopano. Mosiyana ndi atsogoleri ena akuda ngati Nkomo, Mugabe adatsutsa zomwe adakambirana ndi boma la Smith
English: In September 1978 Mugabe met with Nkomo in Lusaka. He was angry with the latter's secret attempts to negotiate with Smith
Chichewa: Mu September 1978 Mugabe anakumana ndi Nkomo ku Lusaka. Anakwiya ndi zoyesayesa zachinsinsi za Smith
English: The beginning of the end for Smith came when South African Prime Minister concluded that white minority rule was unsustainable in a country where blacks outnumbered whites
Chichewa: Chiyambi cha mapeto a Smith chinadza pamene nduna yaikulu ya dziko la South Africa inatsimikiza kuti ulamuliro wa azungu ochepa unali wosakhazikika m’dziko limene anthu akuda anali ochuluka kuposa azungu
English: Under pressure from Vorster, Smith accepted in principle that white minority rule could not be maintained forever
Chichewa: Mokakamizidwa ndi Vorster, Smith adavomereza mfundo yakuti ulamuliro wa anthu ochepa sungasungidwe mpaka kalekale
English: He oversaw the 1979 general election which resulted in Abel Muzorewa, a politically moderate black bishop, being elected Prime Minister of the reconstituted Zimbabwe Rhodesia
Chichewa: Iye adayang'anira chisankho cha 1979 chomwe chidapangitsa kuti Abel Muzorewa, bishopu wakuda wokhazikika pandale, asankhidwe kukhala nduna ya dziko la Zimbabwe Rhodesia
English: Both ZANU and ZAPU had boycotted the election, which did not receive international recognition
Chichewa: Onse a ZANU ndi ZAPU adanyanyala chisankho chomwe sichidavomerezedwe ndi mayiko onse
English: Mugabe refused to attend these London peace talks, opposing the idea of a negotiated rather than military solution to the Rhodesian War
Chichewa: Mugabe anakana kukakhala nawo pa zokambirana zamtendere ku London, kutsutsa lingaliro la kukambirana m'malo mwa nkhondo yothetsera nkhondo ya Rhodesia
English: Mugabe arrived in London in September 1979. There, he and Nkomo presented themselves as part of the "Patriotic Front" but established separate headquarters in the city
Chichewa: Mugabe anafika ku London mu September 1979. Kumeneko, iye ndi Nkomo adadziwonetsera ngati gawo la 'Patriotic Front' koma adakhazikitsa likulu lapadera mumzindawu
English: At the conference the pair were divided in their attitude; Nkomo wanted to present himself as a moderate while Mugabe played up to his image as a Marxist revolutionary, with Carington exploiting this division
Chichewa: Pamsonkhanowo awiriwa adagawanika m'malingaliro awo; Nkomo ankafuna kudzionetsera ngati munthu wodekha pamene Mugabe ankasewera ngati munthu woukira boma wa Marxist, Carington akugwiritsa ntchito gululi
English: Throughout the negotiations, Mugabe did not trust the British and believed that they were manipulating events to their own advantage
Chichewa: Pazokambilana zonse, Mugabe sadali okhulupilira a British ndipo amakhulupilira kuti akukonza zochitika kuti ziwapindulire
English: It outlined a plan for a transition to formal independence as a sovereign republic under black-majority rule, also maintaining that Rhodesia would be renamed Zimbabwe, a name adopted from the Iron Age archaeological site of Great Zimbabwe
Chichewa: Idafotokozanso za dongosolo losinthira kukhala dziko lodziyimira palokha pansi paulamuliro wa anthu akuda, ndikusunganso kuti Rhodesia idzatchedwa Zimbabwe, dzina lotengedwa ku malo ofukula zakale a Iron Age ku Great Zimbabwe
English: The agreement also ensured that the country's white minority retained many of its economic and political privileges, with 20 seats to be reserved for whites in the new Parliament
Chichewa: Mgwirizanowu udaonetsetsanso kuti azungu ochepa mdziko muno asunganso mwayi wawo wambiri pazachuma komanso ndale, pomwe mipando makumi awiri isungidwira azungu mu Nyumba Yamalamulo yatsopano
English: By insisting on the need for a democratic black majority government, Carington was able to convince Mugabe to compromise on the other main issue of the conference, that of land ownership
Chichewa: Potsindika kufunika kwa boma la ufulu wodzilamulira la anthu ambiri akuda, Carington adakwanitsa kukopa Mugabe kuti agwirizane ndi nkhani ina yaikulu ya msonkhano, ya umwini wa nthaka
English: Mugabe agreed to the protection of the white community's privately owned property on the condition that the UK and U.S governments provide financial assistance allowing the Zimbabwean government to purchase much land for redistribution among blacks
Chichewa: Mugabe adavomereza kutetezedwa kwa katundu wa azungu pokhapokha ngati boma la UK ndi US lipereke thandizo la ndalama kuti boma la Zimbabwe ligule malo ambiri oti agawire anthu akuda
English: Mugabe was opposed to the idea of a ceasefire, but under pressure from Machel he agreed to it
Chichewa: Mugabe adatsutsana ndi ganizo lothetsa nkhondo, koma mokakamizidwa ndi Machel adavomereza
English: Mugabe signed the agreement, but felt cheated, remaining disappointed that he had never achieved a military victory over the Rhodesian forces
Chichewa: Mugabe adasaina panganoli, koma adakhala ngati wachinyengo, atakhumudwa kuti sanagonjetse gulu lankhondo la Rhodesia
English: Returning to Salisbury in January 1980, Mugabe was greeted by a supportive crowd. He settled into a house in Mount Pleasant, a wealthy, white-dominated suburb
Chichewa: Kubwerera ku Salisbury mu January 1980, Mugabe adalandilidwa ndi gulu lothandizira. Anakhazikika m’nyumba ina ku Mount Pleasant komwe kunali anthu olemera komanso ozunguliridwa ndi azungu azungu
English: Machel had cautioned Mugabe not to alienate Rhodesia's white minority, warning him that any white flight after the election would cause economic damage as it had in Mozambique
Chichewa: Machel adachenjeza Mugabe kuti asalole azungu ochepa ku Rhodesia, ndikumuchenjeza kuti kuthawa kwa azungu pambuyo pa chisankho kungawononge chuma monga momwe adachitira ku Mozambique
English: Mugabe insisted that in the election, ZANU would stand as a separate party to ZAPU, and refused Nkomo's request for a meeting
Chichewa: Mugabe insisted that in the election, ZANU would stand as a separate party to ZAPU, and refused Nkomo's request for a meeting
English: He formed ZANU into a political party, known as Zimbabwe African National Union Patriotic Front. Predictions were made that ZANU–PF would win the election on the basis of the country's ethnic divisions
Chichewa: Anakhazikitsa ZANU kukhala chipani cha ndale, chotchedwa Zimbabwe African National Union Patriotic Front. Ananeneratu kuti ZANU-PF idzapambana pachisankho potengera kusiyana kwa mitundu ya dziko
English: Mugabe was Shona, a community that made up around 70% of the country's population, while Nkomo was Ndebele, a tribal group who made up only around 20%
Chichewa: Mugabe anali Ashona, gulu lomwe limapanga pafupifupi 70% ya anthu mdziko muno, pomwe Nkomo anali Ndebele, fuko lomwe limapanga pafupifupi 20%
English: For many in the white community and in the British government, this outcome was a terrifying prospect due to Mugabe's avowed Marxist beliefs and the inflammatory comments that he had made about whites during the guerrilla war
Chichewa: Kwa anthu ambiri azungu komanso m’boma la Britain, zotsatira zake zinali zoopsa kwambiri chifukwa cha zimene Mugabe ankakhulupirira zokhudza chipembedzo cha Marxist komanso zimene ananena zokhudza azungu pa nthawi ya nkhondo ya zigawenga
English: During the campaign, Mugabe survived two assassination attempts. In the first, which took place on 6 February, a grenade was thrown at his Mount Pleasant home, where it exploded against a garden wall
Chichewa: Pa nthawi ya kampeni, Mugabe adapulumuka maulendo awiri akupha. Koyamba, komwe kunachitika pa 6 February, bomba linaponyedwa kunyumba yake ya Mount Pleasant, pomwe idaphulika pakhoma lamunda
English: In the second, on 10 February, a roadside bomb exploded near his motorcade as he left a Fort Victoria rally
Chichewa: Chachiwiri, pa 10 February, bomba linaphulika pafupi ndi galimoto yake pamene amachoka pamsonkhano wa Fort Victoria
English: Mugabe himself was unharmed. Mugabe accused the Rhodesian security forces of being responsible for these attacks
Chichewa: Mugabe mwiniyo sanavulale. Mugabe adadzudzula asilikali a Rhodesian kuti ndiwo adayambitsa zigawengazi
English: In an attempt to quell the possibility that Rhodesia's security forces would launch a coup to prevent the election, Mugabe met with Peter Walls, the commander of Rhodesia's armed forces, and asked him to remain in his position in the event of a ZANU–PF victory. At the time Walls refused
Chichewa: Pofuna kuletsa kuti asilikali a Rhodesia ayambe kuchita katangale pofuna kupewa chisankho, Mugabe anakumana ndi mkulu wa asilikali a Rhodesia, Peter Walls, ndipo anamupempha kuti akhalebe pa udindo wake ngati ZANU-PF itapambana. . Panthawiyo Makoma anakana
English: The electoral campaign was marred by widespread voter intimidation, perpetrated by Nkomo's ZAPU, Abel Muzorewa's United African National Council (UANC), and Mugabe's ZANU–PF
Chichewa: Kampeni yachisankho idasokonezedwa ndi ziwopsezo za anthu ambiri, zochitidwa ndi ZAPU ya Nkomo, United African National Council (UANC) ya Abel Muzorewa, ndi ZANU-PF
English: Commenting on ZANU–PF's activities in eastern Rhodesia, Nkomo complained that "the word intimidation is mild. People are being terrorised. It is terror
Chichewa: Pothirirapo ndemanga pa zochita za ZANU-PF kummawa kwa Rhodesia, a Nkomo adadandaula kuti 'mawu akuti mantha ndi ofatsa. Anthu akuchita mantha. Ndi mantha
English: Reacting to ZANU–PF's acts of voter intimidation, Mugabe was called before Soames at Government House
Chichewa: Potengera zomwe ZANU-PF idachita poopseza ovota, Mugabe adaitanidwa pamaso pa Soames kunyumba ya boma
English: Mugabe regarded the meeting as a British attempt to thwart his electoral campaign. Under the terms of the negotiation, Soames had the power to disqualify any political party guilty of voter intimidation
Chichewa: Mugabe adawona msonkhanowo ngati kuyesa kwa Britain kulepheretsa kampeni yake yachisankho. Pamgwirizanowu, Soames anali ndi mphamvu zoletsa chipani chilichonse chowopseza anthu ovota
English: Rhodesia's security services, Nkomo, Muzorewa, and some of his own advisers all called on Soames to disqualify ZANU–PF
Chichewa: Achitetezo a Rhodesia, Nkomo, Muzorewa, ndi alangizi ake ena onse adapempha Soames kuti aletse ZANU-PF
English: After deliberation, Soames disagreed, believing that ZANU–PF were sure to win the election and that disqualifying them would wreck any chance of an orderly transition of power
Chichewa: Atakambirana, Soames sanagwirizane nazo, pokhulupirira kuti ZANU-PF ndiyotheka kupambana pachisankho komanso kuti kuwachotsa kukhoza kusokoneza mwayi uliwonse wosintha ulamuliro mwadongosolo
English: In the February election, ZANU–PF secured 63% of the national vote, gaining 57 of the 80 parliamentary seats allocated for black parties and providing them with an absolute majority
Chichewa: Pachisankho cha mwezi wa February, ZANU-PF idapeza 63% ya mavoti adziko lonse, ndipo idapeza mipando 57 mwa 80 ya aphungu omwe adapatsidwa zipani zakuda ndikuwapatsa unyinji wokwanira
English: ZAPU had gained 20 seats, and UANC had three. Mugabe was elected MP for the Salisbury constituency of Highfield
Chichewa: ZAPU inali itapeza mipando makumi awiri, ndipo UANC inali ndi itatu. Mugabe anasankhidwa kukhala phungu ku Salisbury constituency ku Highfield
English: Attempting to calm panic and prevent white flight, Mugabe appeared on television and called for national unity, stability, and law and order, insisting that the pensions of white civil servants would be guaranteed and that private property would be protected
Chichewa: Poyesa kukhazika mtima pansi ndikuletsa kuthawa kwa azungu, Mugabe adawonekera pawailesi yakanema ndipo adapempha kuti pakhale mgwirizano, bata, malamulo ndi dongosolo, ponena kuti ndalama za penshoni za azungu zitsimikizidwe komanso kuti katundu wawo atetezedwe
English: Southern Rhodesia gained internationally recognised independence on 18 April 1980. Mugabe took the oath of office as the newly minted country's first Prime Minister shortly after midnight
Chichewa: Kumwera kwa Rhodesia idalandira ufulu wodzilamulira padziko lonse lapansi pa 18 April 1980. Mugabe adalumbirira kukhala nduna yayikulu yoyamba yadziko posachedwa pakati pausiku
English: He gave a speech at Salisbury's Rufaro Stadium announcing that Rhodesia would be renamed "Zimbabwe" and pledged racial reconciliation
Chichewa: Iye adalankhula pa bwalo la masewera la Rufaro ku Salisbury kulengeza kuti Rhodesia idzatchedwa 'Zimbabwe' ndipo adalonjeza kuti padzakhala mgwirizano pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana
English: Soames aided Mugabe in bringing about an orderly transition of power; for this Mugabe remained grateful, describing Soames as a good friend
Chichewa: Soames anathandiza Mugabe pobweretsa kusintha kwadongosolo kwa ulamuliro; pa izi Mugabe anakhalabe woyamikira, kufotokoza Soames ngati bwenzi wabwino
English: Mugabe unsuccessfully urged Soames to remain in Zimbabwe for several more years, and also failed to convince the UK to assume a two-year "guiding role" for his government because most ZANU–PF members lacked experience in governing
Chichewa: Mugabe sanapambane adalimbikitsa Soames kuti akhalebe ku Zimbabwe kwa zaka zambiri, komanso adalephera kukakamiza dziko la UK kuti likhale lotsogolera boma lake kwa zaka ziwiri chifukwa mamembala ambiri a ZANU-PF alibe luso lolamulira
English: ZANU–PF's absolute parliamentary majority allowed them to rule alone, but Mugabe created a government of national unity by inviting members of rival parties to join his cabinet
Chichewa: Unyinji wa aphungu a ZANU-PF udawalola kuti azilamulira okha, koma Mugabe adakhazikitsa boma la mgwirizano wa dziko poitana mamembala azipani zopikisana kuti alowe mu nduna zake
English: Mugabe moved into the Premier's residence in Salisbury, which he left furnished in the same style as Smith had left it
Chichewa: Mugabe adasamukira ku nyumba ya Prime Minister ku Salisbury, yomwe adasiya ili ndi kalembedwe komwe Smith adasiira
English: Zimbabwe also received much aid from Western countries, whose governments hoped that a stable and prosperous Zimbabwe would aid the transition of South Africa away from apartheid and minority rule
Chichewa: Zimbabwe idalandiranso thandizo lochuluka kuchokera kumayiko a azungu, omwe maboma ake akuyembekeza kuti dziko la Zimbabwe lokhazikika komanso lotukuka lithandizira kusintha kwa dziko la South Africa kuchoka ku ulamuliro wa tsankho ndi anthu ochepa
English: The United States provided Zimbabwe with a $25 million three-year aid package. The UK financed a land reform program, and provided military advisers to aid the integration of the guerrilla armies and old Rhodesian security forces into a new Zimbabwean military
Chichewa: United States idapatsa Zimbabwe ndalama zokwana $25 miliyoni zazaka zitatu. Dziko la UK lidapereka ndalama zoyendetsera pulogalamu yokonzanso malo, ndipo lidapereka alangizi ankhondo kuti athandizire kuphatikiza magulu ankhondo a zigawenga ndi asirikali akale achitetezo ku Rhodesia kukhala gulu lankhondo latsopano la Zimbabwe
English: Members of both ZANLA and ZIPRA were integrated into the army; though, there remained a strong rivalry between the two groups. As Prime Minister, Mugabe retained Walls as the head of the armed forces
Chichewa: Mamembala a ZANLA ndi ZIPRA adaphatikizidwa mu usilikali; Komabe, panali mkangano wamphamvu pakati pa magulu awiriwa. Monga nduna yaikulu, Mugabe adasunga Walls ngati mtsogoleri wa asilikali
English: Under Mugabe's leadership, there was a massive expansion in education and health spending. In 1980, Zimbabwe had just 177 secondary schools, by 2000 this number had risen to 1,548
Chichewa: Pansi pa utsogoleri wa Mugabe, panali kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa maphunziro ndi ndalama zothandizira zaumoyo. Mu 1980, Zimbabwe inali ndi masukulu a sekondale zana limodzi, makumi asanu ndiawiri kudzanso zisanu ndiziwiri okha, pofika chaka cha 2000 chiwerengerochi chidakwera kufika pa chikwi chimodzi, mazana asanu ndi makumi anayi ndizinayi kudzanso zisanu ndizitatu
English: A new leadership elite were formed, who often expressed their newfound status through purchasing large houses and expensive cars, sending their children to private schools, and obtaining farms and businesses
Chichewa: Atsogoleri atsopano adapangidwa, omwe nthawi zambiri amawonetsa mawonekedwe awo atsopano pogula nyumba zazikulu ndi magalimoto okwera mtengo, kutumiza ana awo kusukulu zapadera, ndikupeza minda ndi mabizinesi
English: Growing corruption among the socio-economic elite generated resentment among the wider population, much of which was living in poverty
Chichewa: Kukula kwa ziphuphu pakati pa anthu osankhika pazachuma kudadzetsa mkwiyo pakati pa anthu ambiri, omwe ambiri mwa iwo anali osauka
English: The white editors of these newspapers were sacked and replaced by government appointees. These media outlets subsequently became a source of the party's propaganda
Chichewa: Azungu akonzi a nyuzipepalazi adachotsedwa ntchito ndipo m'malo mwake adasankhidwa ndi boma. Kenako atolankhaniwa adakhala gwero labodza lachipani
English: At independence, 39% of Zimbabwe's land was under the ownership of around 6000 white large-scale commercial farmers, while 4% was owned by black small-scale commercial farmers, and 41% was 'communal land' where 4 million people lived, often in overcrowded conditions
Chichewa: Paufulu wodzilamulira, 39% ya nthaka ya Zimbabwe inali pansi pa umwini wa alimi amalonda akuluakulu ozungulira pafupifupi 6000, pamene 4% anali a alimi ang'onoang'ono amalonda, ndipo 41% anali 'malo ogwirizana' kumene anthu 4 miliyoni ankakhala, nthawi zambiri. m'malo modzaza anthu
English: The only permitted exceptions were if the land was "underutilised" or needed for a public purpose, in which case the government could compulsorily purchase it while fully compensating the owner
Chichewa: Zomwe zinali zololedwa zinali ngati malowo 'anagwiritsidwa ntchito mochepera' kapena akufunika kuti agwire ntchito ya anthu onse, ndiye kuti boma likanatha kuligula mokakamiza kwinaku likulipira mwini wake
English: This meant that Mugabe's government was largely restricted to purchasing land which was of poor quality
Chichewa: Izi zikutanthauza kuti boma la Mugabe linali longogula malo omwe sanali abwino
English: The wrongs of the past must now stand forgiven and forgotten. If ever we look to the past, let us do so for the lesson the past has taught us, namely that oppression and racism are inequalities that must never find scope in our political and social system
Chichewa: Zolakwa zakale ziyenera kukhululukidwa ndikuiwalika. Ngati tiyang'ana m'mbuyo, tiyeni tichite zimenezo pa phunziro lomwe latiphunzitsa kale, ndilo kuti kuponderezana ndi kusankhana mitundu ndizosiyana zomwe siziyenera kupezeka m'dongosolo lathu la ndale ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu
English: It could never be a correct justification that just because the whites oppressed us yesterday when they had power, the blacks must oppress them today because they have power. An evil remains an evil whether practised by white against black or black against white
Chichewa: Sikungakhale kulungamitsidwa kolondola kuti chifukwa chakuti azungu anatipondereza dzulo pamene anali ndi mphamvu, akuda ayenera kuwapondereza lero chifukwa ali ndi mphamvu. Choyipa chimakhala choyipa ngakhale choyera ndi chakuda kapena chakuda ndi choyera
English: Mugabe initially emphasised racial reconciliation and he was keen to build a good relationship with white Zimbabweans
Chichewa: Poyamba Mugabe adatsindika za mgwirizano pakati pa mitundu ndipo adafunitsitsa kupanga ubale wabwino ndi azungu a ku Zimbabwe
English: He hoped to avoid a white exodus and tried to allay fears that he would nationalise white-owned property
Chichewa: Ankayembekeza kuti apewa kutuluka kwa azungu ndipo anayesa kuthetsa mantha oti alanda katundu wa azungu mdziko