dmatekenya/chichewa-machine-translation huggingface dataset:
English: Dwarf beans should be planted in 2 rows spaced at 30cm on the ridge. Plant 1 seed per station 10 cm apart along each row
Chichewa: Nyemba zazifupi zibzalidwe mmizere iwiri motalikirana 30cm pa mzere. Bzalani mbewu imodzi paphando motalikirana 10cm pamzere uliwonse
English: The ridges should be 75cm or 90cm apart. This requires a seed rate of 80 to 70 per hectare respectively
Chichewa: Mizere ikhale yotalikirana 75cm kapena 90cm. Izi zifunika mbewu yokwana 80kgs kufika 70kgs pa hectare motero
English: Climbing beans should be planted on 1 row, 1seed per planting station spaced at 15cm. This requires a seed rate of 75 to 90kg per hectare
Chichewa: Nyemba zoyanga zibzalidwe pamzere umodzi, mbewu imodzi paphando motalikirana 15cm. Izi zifunika mbewu yokwana 75kg kufika 90kg pa hectare
English: To maximize podding and assist plants escape disease infestation climbing beans should be properly staked
Chichewa: Kuti zitheba zibeleke mokwanira ndikuthandiza mbewu kupewa kufalikira kwa matenda nyemba zoyanga ziyimitsidwe ndi mitengo.
English: Where maize is planted at 3 seeds per planting station, plant 4 bean seeds between maize planting stations. For dwarf varieties the interplanted crop requires the same spacing as in pure stands. Seed rate for both types is the same, 50 to 60kg/ha
Chichewa: Pomwe chimanga chabzalidwa chitatu paphando, bzalani nyemba zinayi pakati pamapando a chimanga. Kwa mitundu yayifupi, mbewu yobzalidwa mwakasanika imasowa mipata yotalika mofanana ngati yobzalidwa payokha. Mulingo wa mbewu pa mitundu iwiriyi ndiwofanana, 50kg kufika 60kg pa hectare
English: When planting beans under irrigation follow recommendations under pure stand and interplanted crop as described under rainfed conditions
Chichewa: Pobzala nyemba za mthilira, tsatirani malangizo oyenera kubzala pazokha ndi kusakaniza ndi mbewu zina monga mmene afotokozera paulimi wanyengo yamvula
English: The crop should be kept free of weeds during the first 6 to 8 weeks after planting. Weeding after flowering, should not be practiced to avoid flower shedding. However, hand weeding where weeds are observed can be done as long as care is taken
Chichewa: Mbewu ikhale yopanda tchire mmasabata asanu ndi imodzi kufika masabata asanu ndi atatu oyambilira pambuyo pobzala. Kupalira pambuyo pochita maluwa kusachitike popewa kugwa kwa maluwa. Komabe, kupalira ndi manja pamene tchire laoneka kuchitike ngati mungachite mosamala
English: Use disease tolerant varieties. The new improved varieties such as Napilira, Maluwa, Sapatsika, Nagaga, Kambidzi and Mkhalira are moderately tolerant to major bean diseases in Malawi
Chichewa: Gwiritsani ntchito mitundu yopilira kumatenda. Mbewu zamakono monga Napilira, Maluwa, Sapatsika, Nagaga, Kambidzi ndi Mkhalira zimapilira kumatenda akuluakulu a nyemba ku Malawi
English: Angular leaf spot (Phaeiosariopsis griseola) is the most important disease in beans as it occurs annually in all bean growing areas
Chichewa: Angular leaf spot (Phaeiosariopsis griseola) ndi mthenda yofunikira kwambiri ya nyemba ndipo imabwera chaka ndi chaka mmadera onse olima nyemba
English: Yield losses can go up to 80%. Symptoms occur on all aerial plant parts, developing usually at flowering. The symptoms are initially grey spots which later become dark brown.
Chichewa: Kuchepa kwa zokolola kumafika 80%. Zizindikiro zimaoneka mzigawo zonse zakumtunda kwa nyemba, zimakula pamene zikuchita maluwa. Poyambilira zizindikiro zimakhala madontho aphulusa omwe pambuyo pake amasanduka oderapo
English: Control is by spraying Daconil at the same rate as for Anthracnose. Spray at 2 weekly intervals. Seed, wind, rain and soil are the principal means of spread
Chichewa: Kuthana nazo ndikupopera Daconil pamulingo wofanana ndi Anthracnose. Poperani sabata ziwiri zilizonse. Mbewe, mphepo, mvula ndi dothi ndi zimene zimafalitsa kwambiri matendawa
English: Therefore, use of clean seed, burial of infected debris and rotation can decrease diseases severity
Chichewa: Choncho, kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu yopanda matenda, kukwilira zinyalala zogwidwa ndi matenda komanso kulima mwakasinthasintha zikhoza kuchepetsa kukula kwa matenda
English: Web blight (Rhizoctonia solani) disease is sporadic and when it attacks will affect the plant severely. Damage may be of up to 100%
Chichewa: Web blight (Rhizoctonia solani) ndi matenda simaoneka pafupipafupi ndipo ikagwira nyemba imawononga zomera kwambiri. Imaononga mpaka 100%
English: Small necrotic spots first appear on primary leaves which later merge to affect the whole leaf, forming a web over the plant and leading to defoliation. Therefore, cultural practices such as mulching can be highly effective in suppressing the disease
Chichewa:  Poyamba, madontho ang'onoang'ono ouma amaoneka pamasamba akungonga omwe amagwirana ndikufalikira tsamba lonse, kupanga kangaude pambewuyo, kenako kuchititsa kuti masamba agwe. Choncho, kasamalidwe koyenera monga kuphimbira mbewu kukhoza kuthandiza kufooketsa matendawa
English: Halo blight (Pseudomonas syringae) The disease is caused by bacteria. It is a common disease in beans and can cause losses of up to 46%
Chichewa: Halo blight (Pseudomonas syringae) - Matendawa amayambitsidwa ndi tizilombo ta bacteria. Ndi mthenda yopezeka nthawi zonse ndipo imachepetsa zokolola kufika 46%
English: It is characterized by small water soaked lesions which appear on the leaves and quickly develop greenish yellow halos. Plants may sometimes produce white exudates.
Chichewa: Imadziwika ndi zotupa zazing'ono zokhala ndi madzi  zomwe zimaoneka pamasamba ndipo zimasintha mwachangu kukhala zobiliwira mwachikasu. Nthawi zina zomera zimatulutsa utomoni woyera
English: Control by use of tolerant varieties such as Nagaga, Napilira, Maluwa, Sapatsika, Kambidzi and Mkhalira and or by spraying copper oxychloride and as well as copper based fungicide
Chichewa: Kuthana nazo ndikugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yambewu yopilira kumatenda monga Nagaga, Napilira, Maluwa, Sapatsika, Kambidzi ndi Mkhalira kapenanso kupopera copper oxychloride ndi mankhwala achiwawu okhala ndi copper
English: Bean Beetle (Ootheca Mutabilis and O. benning) is an insect which feeds on leaves of young plants making interveinal holes and damage is severe on plants in the primary leaf stage and may extend to upper leaves
Chichewa: Nsabwe zanyemba (Ootheca Mutabilis and O. benning) ndi tizilombo towononga nyemba tomwe timadya masamba a mbewu zazing'ono ndi kuboola misempha, ndipo kuononga kwake kumakhala kodetsa nkhawa pambewu zomwe zikupanga masamba kumene ndipo zimafalikira kumasamba ammwamba
English: Delayed planting where practicable may allow the crop to escape the damage from high colonizing populations at the beginning of the rains
Chichewa: Pomwe nzotheka, kubzala mochedwa kumapeleka mpata ku mbewu kuti isakumane ndi kuonongedwa chifukwa cha kuchulukana kwa tizilombo komwe kumakhalapo kumayambiliro kwa mvula
English: With severe infestations, production of honey dew and later sooty mould is easily noticeable. The plants lose their greenness and therefore look black
Chichewa: Zikagwidwa kwambiri ndi tizilombo, kupangidwa kwa maletsa ndipo pambuyo pake sooty mould zimaoneka mosavuta. Mbewu zimataya kubiliwira kwake ndipo choncho zimaoneka zakuda
English: Under these conditions they will eventually not be able to effectively photosynthesize. They suck sap from plants and cause seedlings to wilt and die
Chichewa: Chifukwa cha zimenezi, mbewu sidzikwanitse kupanga chakudya moyenera. Zimamwa utoto kuchokera ku zomera ndi kupangitsa mbewu kufota komanso kufa
English: Older plants may be stunted as a result of the attack. Apart from the above direct damage, aphids also transmit Bean Common Mosaic Virus
Chichewa: Mbewu zazikulu zikhoza kupinimbira chifukwa cha kugwidwa ndi tizilomboti. Kupatula kuonongeka komwe takamba mmwambaku, ma nsabwe za mbewu amapatsiranso mbewu matenda a Bean Common Mosaic Virus
English: Harvest when most of the pods on the plant have started drying. Start harvesting in the morning when dew has evaporated
Chichewa: Kololani pamene nyemba zambiri pa mbewupo zayamba kuuma. Yambani kukolola mmawa pamene mame auma
English: Do not harvest late when the pods are too dry to avoid loss of beans through shattering. Continue sun drying before threshing
Chichewa: Musakolole mochedwa pamene nyemba zauma kwambiri kuti mupewe kutayika kwa nyemba zikamasweka. Pitirizani kuumitsa padzuwa musanamenye
English: Groundnut is one of the most important food and cash crops in Malawi. It is a good source of protein, vitamins and vegetable oils
Chichewa: Mtedza ndi mbewu imodzi yofunika kwambiri pa chakudya komanso ndalama ku Malawi. Umapeleka chakudya chomanga thupi, ma vitamin komanso mafuta a masamba
English: However, in recent years production has not been satisfactory, as a result, Malawi has been importing substantial amounts of vegetable oils
Chichewa: Komabe mu zaka zaposachedwazi zokolola sizinali zosangalatsa, pachifukwa ichi, dziko la Malawi lakhala likugula mafuta amasamba ochuluka kuchokera ku mayiko akunja
English: It is therefore important to increase production of groundnut especially oil rich nuts as this would play an important role in import substitution
Chichewa: Choncho ndikoyenera kuchulukitsa kulima mtedza makamaka womwe uli ndi mafuta ambiri pakuti izi zithandiza kwambiri kuchepetsa kugula katundu kunja kwa dziko lino
English: Like other legumes, groundnut is capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen. When grown in rotation with other crops such as maize or tobacco, it improves soil fertility
Chichewa: Monga mbewu zina za nyemba, mtedza  umayika nitrigen wamumpweya munthaka. Ukabzalidwa mwakasinthasintha ndi mbewu zina monga chimanga kapena fodya, umawonjezera chonde munthaka
English: Groundnut haulms also provide a good source of animal feed, especially in the dry season when feedstock becomes scarce
Chichewa: Masamba a mtendza amapezetsa zakudya zabwino kuziweto makamaka munyengo ya dzinja pamene zakudya za ziweto zasowa
English: Farmers should always use good quality/certified seed for higher yields. Groundnut seed like the other legumes can be recycled up to a maximum of 3 seasons
Chichewa: Alimi adzigwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse mbewu yabwino/yovomerezeka kuti akokole kwambiri. Mtedza monga mbewu zina zanyemba zikhoza kubzalidwa kwa nyengo zitatu musanasinthe mbewu
English: Such seed should be kept in shell until shortly before planting. After three years of recycling, fresh seed should be obtained from known and registered seed sources
Chichewa: Mbewu ngati imeneyo isungidwe yosaswa mpaka nthawi yobzala itayandikira. Pakutha pa zaka zitatu zogwiritsa ntchito mbewu yomweyo, mbewu yatsopano ipezedwe kuchokera kwa ogulitsa odziwika komanso owomerezeka
English: CG 7 (ICGV-SM 83708) Confectionery nut with medium seed size. It is recommended for production in all groundnut growing areas of the country
Chichewa: Mtedza wa CG 7 umakhala wokulirapo pang'ono mbewu yake. Ndiwovomerezeka kulimidwa mmadera onse olima mtedza mdziko muno
English: It has a bunch growth habit and tolerates drought. It matures in 130 to 150 days. Th e seeds are red, uniform and contain 48 % oil. It has a yield potential of 2500 kg per hectare. It is a Virginia runner in growth habit
Chichewa: Umakula mwamafutu ndipo umapilira ku chilala. Umacha pamasiku 130 kufika 150. Mbewu yake imaoneka mofiira, yofanana ndipo imakhala ndi mafuta okwana 48%. Zokolola zimafika makilogalamu 2,500 pa hectare. Umakula ngati mmene ichitira mbewu ya Virginia
English: Nsinjiro (ICGV-SM 90704) is a confectionery nut recommended for production in all plateau areas of Malawi, within the altitude range of 1000-1500m above sea level
Chichewa: Nsinjiro ndi mtedza wovomerezeka kulimidwa mmadera onse a mmapiri ku Malawi, komwe kukwera kwake ndi 1000m kufika 1500m pamwamba panyanja
English: It matures between 120 to 140 days after sowing. The yield potential is close to CG7 but has the advantage of being tolerant to groundnut rosette
Chichewa: Umacha pamasiku 120 kufika 140 pambuyo pobzala. Kuchuluka kwa zokolola kumayandikana ndi CG 7 koma uli ndi ubwino wapadera wopilira ku matenda a khate a mtedza
English: The seeds are tan in colour, 45 % oil. Nsinjiro has a potential yield of 2000 kg per hectare. The variety has spreading bunch growth habit
Chichewa: Mbewu yake imaoneka yoderapo, uli ndi mafuta kufika 45%. Nsinjiro umafika makilogalamu 2,000 pa hectare. Mbewu imeneyi imakula momwazika
English: Chalimbana 2005 (CML 851/7) is a confectionery nut recommended for all plateau areas of the country within the altitude range of 1000 to 1500m above sea level
Chichewa: Chalimbana 2005 ndi mnewu ya mtedza yoyenera mmadera akumapiri mdziko muno kumene kukwera kwake ndi 1000m kufika 1500m pamwamba pa nyanja
English: The variety was bred by the national programme and released for cultivation in 2005. Chalimbana 2005 is a Virginia bunch variety with a tan seed coat, and matures in 130 to 140 days
Chichewa: Mbewu imeneyi inapangidwa mdziko momwe muno ndipo inatulutsidwa kuti idzilimidwa mu chaka cha 2005. Chalimbana 2005 imakula ngati Virginia ndipo ili ndi chikuto chofiilirapo mwakuda, ndipo imacha pamasiku 130 kufika 140
English: It contains 45% oil and has a yield potential of 2000- 2500 kg per hectare. Additional attributes include moderate resistance to both rosette and early leaf spot diseases
Chichewa: Umakhala ndi mafuta okwana 45% ndipo zokolola zimafika makilogalamu 2,000 mpaka 2,500 pa hectare. Zina zofunikira zamtedzawu ndi monga kupilira ku matenda a khinyata komanso matenda ochita madontho mmasamba
English: Kakoma is a confectionery nut recommended for production in all the low–lying areas within an attitude range of 200-500m above sea level such as the Shire Valley, Lakeshore Areas and also for off -season (dimba) cultivation
Chichewa: Kakoma ndi mbewu ya mtedza yoyenera kulimidwa mmadera otsika omwe ali pa ntunda wa 200, kufika 500m pamwamba pa nyanja monga kuchigwa cha Shire, madera amphepete mwa nyanja komanso ukhoza kulimidwa kudimba mvula ikadutsa
English: It matures in 90 to 120 days after sowing, has no seed dormancy and it should therefore be harvested as soon as it matures. The seeds are small, pale tan in colour and contain 48% oil. Kakoma has a potential yield of 1500 kg per hectare. It has erect bunch growth habit
Chichewa: Umacha pamasiku 90 kufika 120 pambuyo pobzala, ukakhwima mbewu yake siimakhadzikika kotero ukololedwe ukangokhwima. Mtedza wake umakhala waun'gono, wowala pang'ono ndipo uli ndi mafuta kufika 48%. Kakoma amabeleka kufika 1,500 pa hectare. Umakula moyima
English: Baka (ICG 129991) is a confectionery nut recommended for production in all the low–lying areas within an attitude range of 200-500m above sea level such as the Shire Valley, Lakeshore Areas and also for off -season (dimba) cultivation under residual moisture
Chichewa: Baka  ndi mbewu yamtedza yovomerezeka kulimidwa kumadera otsika omwe ali pamtunda wa 200m kufika 500m pamwamba pa nyanja monga kuchigwa cha Shire, madera a mphepete mwa nyanja komanso umalimidwa kudimba pogwiritsa ntchito chinyezi chotsalira
English: Like Kakoma, it matures in 90 to 120 days after sowing, has no seed dormancy. The seeds are pale tan in colour and contain 48 % oil but are slightly smaller than Kakoma. However, Baka has an added advantage in that it is rosette tolerant. It has erect bunch growth habit
Chichewa: Monga Kakoma, umacha pamasiku 90 kufika 120 pambuyo pobzala, mbewu yake ikakhwima siimakhadzikika. Mtedza wake umaoneka mofiilirapo mwakuda ndipo uli ndi mafuta okwana 48% koma umakhala wocheperapo makulidwe kusiyana ndi Kakoma. Komabe Baka ali ndi ubwino wapadera wakuti amapilira ku matenda a khate. Umakula moyima
English: Chitala (ICGV-SM 99568) is a Spanish bunch confectionary nut grown within an attitude range of 200-500m above sea level such as the Shire Valley and other lakeshore areas
Chichewa: Chitala ndi mbewu ya mtedza ya chi Spanish yomwe imalimidwa pamtunda wa 200m kufika 500m pamwamba panyanja monga ku chigwa cha Shire komanso madera ena a mphepete mwa nyanja.
English: The variety can also be grown during the off -season under dimba cultivation using residual moisture or irrigation. Chitala has a seed yield potential of 1500kg/ha, matures in 90 to 100 days after sowing, and has no seed dormancy
Chichewa: Mtundu umenewu ukhozanso kulimidwa mvula ikatha kudimba pogwiritsa ntchito chinyezi chotsalira kapena mthilira. Chitala amabeleka kufika makilogalamu 1,500 pa hectare, amacha pamasiku 90 kufika 100 pambuyo pobzala ndipo mtedza wake sumakhadzikika
English: The seeds are tan in colour, medium sized (41g/100 seeds) and contain 48% oil. An additional attribute of Chitala is resistance to rosette
Chichewa: Mtedza umaoneka mofiilirapo, ndiwapakati makulidwe ndipo uli mafuta okwana 48%. Zina zofunika pamtedzawu ndi zakuti umapilira ku matenda a khate
English: CG 8 (ICGV-SM 08501) include oil content for all the varieties. CG 8 is a newly released medium duration, Virginia type groundnut variety. It is recommended to be grown in mid-altitude areas
Chichewa: CG 8 uli ndi mafuta ophatikiza mitundu yonse ya mtedza. CG 7 ndi mbewu yatsopano yocha mochedwa pang'ono, yamtundu wa Virginia. Ndiyoyenera kumadera okwelerapo pang'ono
English: It has a yield potential of 2500 kg/ha. It is decumbent in growth, has dark-green leaves, orange- yellow flowers and reaches 50% flowering in about 40 days
Chichewa: Zokolola zimafika 2,500kgs pa hectare. Imakula mogona kenako moyima, masamba ake ndi obiliwira moderapo, maluwa ake achikasu pang'ono ndipo theka limachita maluwa pakutha pa masiku makumi anayi
English: It has a deep pod constriction produces 2 medium to large seeds per pod, red in colour and has a shelling percentage of ≥70%. It takes 120 to 130 days to reach maturity. It is resistant to groundnut rosette disease
Chichewa: Mtedza wake umakhala woning'a kwambiri pakati, mkati mwake mumakhala mbewu uwiri, zofiira mmaonekedwe ndipo ukaswedwa umapyola 70%. Umatenga masiku 120 kufika 130  kuti ukhwime. Umapilira kumatenda a khate
English: CG 9 (ICGV-SM 08503) is a newly released medium duration, Virginia type groundnut variety. It is recommended to be grown in mid-altitude areas
Chichewa: CG 9 ndi mbewu yatsopano yomwe imacha mwachangu, yamtundu wa Virginia. Ndiyoyenera kumadera okwelerapo pang'ono
English: It has a yield potential of 2500 kg/ha. It is decumbent in growth and has green leaves, orange- yellow flowers, reaching 50% flowering in about 40 days
Chichewa: Imabeleka kufika 2,500kgs pa hectare. Imakula mogona kenako nthambi zake kuyima, ili ndi masamba obiliwira, maluwa achikasu, theka limachita maluwa pofika masiku makumi anayi
English: It has a very deep pod constriction, produces 2 medium to large seeds per pod, red in colour and has a shelling percentage of ≥70%. It takes 120 to 130 days to reach maturity. It is resistant to Groundnut Rosette Disease
Chichewa: Mtedza umakhala woning'a pakati, mkati mumakhala mbewu ziwiri, zofiira ndipo ukaswedwa umapyola 70%. Umatenga masiku 120 kufika 130 kuti ukhwime. Umapilira ku matenda a khate a mtedza
English: Select deep, well-drained sandy loam soils that are well supplied with calcium and moderate amounts of organic matter
Chichewa: Sankhani dothi lakuya, losasunga madzi, lamchenga lomwe liri ndi mchere wa calcium wokwanira ndipo liri ndi mthaka yokwaniranso
English: Land should be prepared early enough before the onset of rains in order to sow with the effective early rains. All debris should be ploughed under thoroughly
Chichewa: Minda ikonzedwe mwansanga mvula isanayambe kuti ubzalidwe ndu mvula yoyamba. Zinyalala zonse zikwililidwe bwinobwino
English: To ensure optimum plant population, plant at correct ridge or row and plant spacing. To achieve this, use the recommended seed rate
Chichewa: Kuti mbewu zichite bwino, bzalani pamizere yotalikirana moyenera komanso mapando otalikirana moyenera. Kuti mukwaniritse izi, gwiritsani ntchito mulingo woyenera wakachulukidwe kambewu
English: However, note that higher yields can be obtained on ridges spaced at 60cm and 75cm depending on the variety used
Chichewa: Komabe dziwani kuti  zokolola zochuluka zingapezedwe pamizere yotalikirana 60cm ndi 75cm kutengera mtundu wa mbewu
English: Supplying should be done if necessary within one week of seedling emergence. At planting, place the seed5-6cm deep into the soil and cover it with soil thoroughly
Chichewa: Kupatulira kuchitike ngati nkoyenera pasabata imodzi mbewu zikangomera. Pobzala, ikani mbewu pa mtunda 5cm kufika 6cm kulowa pansi ndipo kwilirani bwinobwino
English: Weeds cause severe damage to the groundnut crop during the first 45 days of its growth. This is the most critical period of weed competition
Chichewa: Tchire limawononga mbewu ya mtedza pamasiku makumi anayi ndi asanu oyambilira. Iyi ndi nthawi yovuta kwambiri yomwe tchire limapikisana ndi mbewu
English: Therefore, weeding at least twice during this critical period is imperative, thus within 20 and 45 days after sowing
Chichewa: Kotero kupalira kawiri panthawi yodetsa nkhawayi ndikofunika, apa ndi mkati mwamasiku 20 kufika 45 pambuyo pobzala
English: Thorough weed control prior to pegging is extremely important. During pegging, only hand weeding should be done to avoid damage to developing pods
Chichewa: Kuthana ndi tchire moyenera mtedza usanayambe kupanga ndolo ndi koyenera kopambana. Panthawi yopanga ndolo, palirani ndi manja basi popewa kuwononga ndolozo
English: Chemical weed control can also be done using herbicides such as Dual Magnum, Roundup and Harness
Chichewa: Kuthana ndi tchire pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kutsatidwe pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga Dual Magnum, Roundup ndi Harness
English: However, whenever herbicides are used, farmers should as much as possible use appropriate types, following instructions on time of application, application rates and safety precautions provided on the label
Chichewa: Komabe pamene mankhwala ophera tchire agwiritsidwa ntchito, alimi aonetsetse kuti agwiritsa ntchito mitundu yoyenera, atsatira malangizo anthawi imene akuyenera kuthira, mulingo wothilira komanso njira zozitetezera zomwe zalembedwa pa malangizopo
English: Rust disease usually occurs at the same time as late leaf spot. The symptoms are orange coloured pustules on the lower surface of the leaflets
Chichewa: Matenda a dzimbiri kwambiri amaoneka panthawi yomweyo ngati matenda a madontho a masamba. Zizindikiro zake ndi zotupa zamaonekedwe a lalanje kunsi kwa masamba
English: The pustules rupture to release reddish brown spores and the leaves become reddish then dry up.
Chichewa: Zotupazi zimasweka kuti zitulutse njere za brown ndipo masamba amasanduka ofiira kenako amauma
English: Yield losses due to this disease are usually up to 10% or less and are lower than those caused by early and late leaf spot
Chichewa: Kutsika kwa zokolola chifukwa chamatendawa kumafika 10% kapena kuchepera apa nthawi zambiri ndipo ndizotsika kuposera matenda a ealry ndi late leaf spot
English: All these three foliar fungal diseases can be controlled using Daconil sprays at fortnightly intervals. However, at the current groundnut producer prices, chemical control is not economical
Chichewa: Matenda atatu onsewa amasamba angathetsedwe pogwiritsa ntchito Daconil wopopera pasabata ziwiri zilizonse. Komabe, pamitengo yomwe mtedza ukugulidwira kuchokera kwa alimi, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi kuwononga ndalama
English: It is therefore important to follow good agronomic practices such as early planting, crop rotation, burial of crop residues and removal of volunteer plants in order to reduce the primary source of inoculum
Chichewa: Choncho ndikofuniika kutsatira ndondomeko zakalimidwe zoyenera monga kubzala mwachangu, kulima mbewu mwakasinthasintha, kukwilira zotsalira za mbewu komanso kuchotsa mbewu zongomera zokha pofuna kuchepetsa nkhokwe zamatenda
English: Avoid growing groundnuts in fields that have a history of termites or termite mounds. For Hilda, since the damage starts from the edges of fields, maintaining a clean surrounding by removing grasses of the field reduces the pest incidence
Chichewa: Pewani kulima mtedza mminda yomwe ili ndi mbiri ya chiswe kapena chulu cha chiswe. Kwa Hilda, chifukwa chakuti kuwonongeka kumayambira mphepete mwa munda, kuchotsa udzu wonse wozungulira munda kumachepetsa kupezeka kwa tizilombo towonongati
English: Aphids infest the groundnut plants at all stages of growth if conditions are favourable. Their feeding causes leaves to curl and growth to be stunted
Chichewa: Nsabwe za mbweu amagwira mtedza panthawi iliyonse yakukula kwawo ngati nyengo ndiyoyenera. Madyedwe awo amachititsa masamba kukhwinyata ndipo kupinimbira pamakulidwe
English: Aphids are particularly important because they transmit the virus that causes groundnut rosette disease. Early planting at correct spacing will help to control the spreading of aphids
Chichewa: Nsabwe za mbewu ndi zofunikira chifukwa chakuti zimabweretsa  matenda omwe amayambitsa matenda a rosette mumtedza. Kubzala moyambilira posiya mipata yoyenera kumathandioza kuchepetsa kufala kwa ma aphid
English: Groundnuts do not usually respond to direct application of mineral fertilizers. Generally, groundnuts perform well following a well fertilized maize crop, so long as phosphorus, calcium and sulphur-containing fertilizers such as 23:10:5+6S+1.0Zn were applied
Chichewa: Mtedza sumavomera ukathiridwa fertilizer mwachindunji. Nthawi zambiri, mtedza umachita bwino potsatira chimanga chomwe chinathiridwa fertilizer mokwanira, makamaka ngati chinathiridwa fertilizer wokhala ndi phosphorous, calcium ndi sulphar monga 23:10:5+6S+1.0Zn
English: Calcium is the most limiting nutrient in sandy soils and where medium-large-seeded varieties particularly of Virginia type are grown
Chichewa: Mchere wa calcium ndi wokhawo umane ungalepheretse zokolola mu nthaka ya mchenga ndiponso komwe kumalimidwa mtedza wokulirapo makamaka mtundu wa Virginia
English: Groundnut can be basal dressed with 100 kg/ ha of single superphosphate (SSP) fertilizer to provide 7% phosphorus, 19.5% calcium, and 12.5% Sulphur
Chichewa: Mtedza ukhoza kuthiridwa fertilizer wokulitsa wa superphosphate pa mulingo wa makilogalamu 100 pa hectare kuti upeleke 7% phosphorous, 19.5% calcium ndipondo 12.5% sulphur
English: The fertilizer should be applied in a band on the ridge, or broadcast onto the soil and ploughed under before sowing or soon after emergence
Chichewa: Fetereza athiridwe mmizere kapena amwazidwe mdothi ndikusakanizidwa ndi mthaka mbewu isanabzalidwe kapena ikangomera
English: Top dressing with Gypsum at the rate of 200-400 kg/ha directly at the base of the plant when 30% of the plants have flowered will help to correct Calcium deficiency and reduce groundnut pops
Chichewa: Kuthira fetereza wobereketsa wa Gypsum pa mulingo wa makilogalamu 200 kufika 500 pa hectare paphata pa mbewu, mbewu makumi atatu zikachita  maluwa pa mbewu makumi khumi zilizonse kudzathandiza kuthetsa kuchepa kwa calcium komanso kuchepetsa mphwepwa mumtedza
English: Timely harvesting of groundnuts is essential to avoid discoloration of nuts, germination and pods remaining in the ground at harvesting
Chichewa: Kukolola mtedza nthawi yoyenera ndikofunika popewa kuda kwa mtedzawo, kumera komanso kutsalira kwa ndolo za mtedza mudothi pokolola
English: Check by lifting a few pods and examining the inside of the shell. The nuts are mature when the inside of the shell is spotted pale brown
Chichewa: Onani kutukula ndolo zingapo za mtedza ndikupima mkati mwa chikuto cha mtedzacho. Mtedza umakhala wakhwima mkati mwake mukakhala madontho a oderapo mofiira
English: The fall of leaves is not necessarily a sign of maturity. Delayed harvesting also predisposes the nuts to infection by aspergillus and aflatoxin contamination
Chichewa: Kugwa kwamasamba sichizindikiro cha kukhwima. Kuchedwetsa kukolola kumayika mtedza pachiopsezo cha matenda a aspergillus komanso kuchita chuku
English: Drying and storage-After lifting, the groundnut should be quickly and thoroughly dried before storage. Store groundnuts in dry containers, Storage under wet conditions will enhance the development of a fungus (Aspergillus flavus) which leads to aflatoxin contamination
Chichewa: Kuyanika komanso kusunga - pambuyo pozula, mtedza uwumitsidwe mwachangu komanso mwandongosolo usanasungidwe. Sungani mtedza mu zinthu zouma, kusunga mmalo achinyezi zimayambitsa matenda a Aspergillus flavus omwe amapherezera ku chuku
English: If the pods are to be stored longer, put in gunny bags and dust them with Actellic Super Dust or Wivokil to protect the pods from various storage pests
Chichewa: Ngati ndolo za mtedza zikuyenera kusungidwa, ikani mmasaka ndipo wazani matumbawo Actellic Super Dust kapena Wivokil pofuna kuteteza ndolo za mtedza ku tizilombo towononga
English: Shelling and Marketing-It is bad practice to wet pods to make shelling easier since wet nuts are not accepted at the markets
Chichewa: Kuswa komanso kugulitsa- ndi mchitidwe woyipa kunyowetsa ndolo za mtedza kuti usamavute kuswa chifukwa mtedza wonyowa umakanidwa kumsika
English: After shelling, the nuts should be graded carefully. All mouldy nuts should be discarded and not fed to livestock as they are toxic because of a high concentration of aflatoxin
Chichewa: Mutatha kuswa, mtedza usankhidwe mwadongosolo. Mtedza wonse woola utayidwe ndipo usadyetsedwe kuziweto popeza ndiwoyipa chifukwa chakuchuluka kwa chuku
English: Shriveled and broken nuts should be separated. Only clean whole nuts will fetch a high price at the markets. Farmers should winnow and grade the pods to ensure that only properly filled pods are presented at the markets
Chichewa: Mtedza wonyala komanso wosweka usungidwe padera. Mtedza wokhawo womwe ndi wosasweka komanso wooneka bwino ukagulidwa pamtengo wokwera kumsika. Alimi ayenera apete ndi kusankha ndolo za mtedza pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti ndolo zokhazo zokhuta bwino ndi mtedza zapititsidwa kumsika.
English: Soya bean is a very important and versatile grain legume because it can be put to many uses. It provides high quality vegetable protein of around 37% CP and oil for humans and livestock consumption
Chichewa: Soya ndi mbewu yabwino komanso yofunikira kwambiri ya mtundu wa nyemba chifukwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito zambiri. Imapezetsa zakudya zomanga thuphi zapamwamba kwambiri zomwe zili pa mulingo wa 37% zomanga thupi ndi mafuta a masamba omwe anthu amadya ndiponso ziweto
English: It is used in the production of various other recipes at household and industrial levels such as the production of Likuni Phala, soya milk and soy meat
Chichewa: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana mmakomo komanso mmafakitale monga kupanga phala la Likuni, mkaka wa soya ndi nyama ya soya
English: It is also used in the production of feeds for poultry and other livestock. The crop is also a good nitrogen fixer and it therefore improves soil fertility
Chichewa: Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga zakudya za nkhuku ndi ziweto zina. Mbewuyi ndiyabwino pakuti imathandiza kuyika notrogen munthaka ndipo imawonjezera chonde munthaka
English: It is grown as alternative food and cash crop in areas where groundnut pops are a problem
Chichewa: Imalimidwa ngati chakudya komanso yobweretsa ndalama mmadera omwe mtedza umachita mphwepwa kwambiri
English: The crop can be grown under a wide range of climatic conditions ranging from warm to hot low lying areas of the Shire Valley with marginal rainfall of less than 700mm to the highlands of Nyika and Vipya Plateaus with more than 2,000mm rainfall; and soil types ranging from sandy loams to heavy clay soils with sufficient drainage
Chichewa: Mbewuyi imalimidwa mmadera a nyengo zosiyanasiyana kuyambira kotentha pang'ono mpaka madera otentha kwambiri aku chigwa cha Shire komwe mvula imagwa yosafika 700mm mpaka kumadera okwera aku Nyika ndi Viphya komwe mvula imagwa mpaka 2000mm; ndiponso mudothi losiyanasiyana kuyambira lamchenga mpaka la dongo lomwe silimasunga madzi kwambiri
English: Overall production has increased over the past ten years, however, the actual production level tends to fluctuate due to several factors including low and fluctuating farm-gate prices, inadequate availability seeds suppliers of improved seed varieties, poor crop husbandry practices, short-lived seed viability of soybeans and lack of awareness on processing and utilization technologies for the crop.
Chichewa: Ulimi wa soya wakula muzaka khumi zapitazi, komabe, kalimidwe kamasinthasintha chifukwa cha zinthu zambiri monga mitengo yogulira kwa alimi yotsika komanso yosakhazikika, kusapezeka kwa mbewu mokwanira kuchokera kwa ogulitsa mitundu ya mbewu zamakono, kasamalidwe kosayenera kambewu, mbewu simakhala nthawi yayitali isanaonongeke komanso kusowa upangiri pakakonzedwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka njira zamakono pokonza katundu kuchokera ku mbewuyi
English: However, there is need and potential to increase production further to meet both the domestic and export markets. Currently average farmers’ yields are very low ranging from 400 to 1,000kg per hectare. Yield of up to 4,500kg per hectare can be obtained with good crop management
Chichewa: Komabe pali kufunika komanso kuthekera kowonjezera kulima kupita mtsogolo kuti tikwaniritse misika ya mdziko muno komanso yakunja. Padakali pano, chikatikati cha zokolola za alimi mchotsika kwambiri kuyambira makiligalamu 400 kufika 1000 pa hectare. Zokolola zofika makilogalamu 4,500 pa hectare ndizotheka mbewuyi itasamlidwa moyenera
English: Ocepara 4 is an indeterminate variety which has a very high yield potential of over 4,000kg per ha. It is adapted for cultivation in medium plateau to upland areas characterized by a prolonged rainfall season
Chichewa: Ocepara 4 ndi mtundu wa mbewu wapakatikati womwe umabweretsa zokolola zoposa makilogalamu 4,000 pa hectare. Imalola kulima mmadera okwera pang'ono mpaka kumadera okwera kwambiri omwe amakhala ndi mvula nthawi yayitali
English: The variety requires a full growing season for best yields. It is a very tall plant, with broad leaves, medium to late maturing
Chichewa: Mtunduwu umafuna nyengo yathunthu yolimira kuti ichite bwino. Imatalika kwambiri, ili masamba otambalala kwambiri ndipo imacha mochedwerapo
English: A well grown crop produces a lot of green canopy. An additional characteristic is that Ocepara 4 is resistant to root knot nematode (Meloidogyn spp) hence is most suitable for cultivation in root knot nematode prone sandy loamy soils hence can be grown as a rotational crop in tobacco fields
Chichewa: Mbewu yoti yakula bwino imakhala ndi masamba ambiri obiliwira. China chozindikiritsa mbewuyi ndi chakuti Ocepara 4 amapilira ku mbozi zotupitsa mitsitsi (Meloidogyn spp) choncho ndiyoyenera kubzalidwa mudothi lachenga momwe mbozi zotupitsa mitsitsi zimakonda choncho ikhoza kulimidwa ngati mbewu yakasinthasintha kuminda yafodya
English: This variety has white flowers and grey hairs. It is big seeded (22g per 100 seeds) and has a small light grey hilum
Chichewa: Mtundu umenewu umakhala ndi maluwa oyera a tsitsi laphulusa. Maso a mbewu yake amakhala akuluakulu (olemera magalamu 22 pa maso 100) ndipo mchombo wake umaoneka wotuwirapo pang'ono
English: The variety takes about 23 days from maturity to shatter and its logging resistance is very strong. The normal colour at maturity is light grey
Chichewa: Mtundu wa mbewuyi umatenga pafupifupi masiku 23 kuchoka pomwe wakhwima kufika posweka ndipo mitengo yake simagwa wamba. Maonekedwe ake ikahwima ndi a phulusa
English: Nasoko is a determinate variety. It takes 120-130 days to maturity. The yield potential; is 3,500 kg/ ha. It is widely adapted to most agro ecologies in Malawi
Chichewa: Nasoko ndi mtundu wa soya omwe ukafika msinkhu wina umasiya kukula. Imatenga masiku 120 kufika 130 kuti ikhwime. Imabeleka kufika makilogalamu 3,500 pa hectare. Imalola madera ambiri a ulimi mMalawi muno
English: It is a fairly tall plant, with broad leaves, late maturing with light cream round seeds which have a colorless hilum a characteristic most preferred by the agro-processors
Chichewa: Ndiyotalika pang'ono, yamasamba otambalala, yocha mochedwa, maso ake obulungira ooneka oyelerapo ndipo mchombo wake ulibe mtundu zimene zimapangitsa ogaya soya kuti adziyikonda
English: The variety has pink flowers and grey hairs. It is big seeded (22g per 100 seeds). It takes about 23 days from maturity to shatter. The variety has good logging resistance and its colour at maturity is light grey
Chichewa: Mtunduwu uli ndi maluwa a pink ndi tsitsi laphulusa. Maso ake ndi akuluakulu (olemera magalamu 22 pa mbewu 100). Imatenga masiku 23 kuchokera pomwe yakhwima kufika posweka. Mtunduwu umadzika kwambiri munthaka ndipo sumagwa wamba komanso maonekedwe ake ikakhwima ndi a phulusa
English: Makwacha is an indeterminate variety. It takes 120-130 days to maturity. The yield potential is 3,500 kg/ha. It is widely adapted to most agro ecologies in Malawi
Chichewa: Makwacha ndi mbewu yomwe imapitilira kukulabe mpaka itadulidwa. Imakhwima pamasiku 120 kufika 130. Imabeleka kufika malikogalamu 3,500 pa hectare. Imalola madera ambiri a ulimi mMalawi muno
English: The variety has very strong logging and shattering resistance. It is medium maturing with large spherical flattened bright cream seeds
Chichewa: Mbewuyi imalimba munthaka ndipo simaswekwa kwambiri. Imakhwima mochedwerapo pang'ono ndipo ili ndi maso ozungulira ooneka mwa mkaka yophwathalala
English: Tikolore is another indeterminate variety. It is an early to medium maturing variety. It does well in low, medium and high altitude areas
Chichewa: Tikolole ndi mtundu wina wopitilira kukula mpaka utadulidwa. Imakhwima mwachangu pena mochedwerapo. Imachita bwino mmadera otsika, okwelerapo komanso okwera kwambiri
English: The variety is susceptible to rust but can escape, small seeded, promiscuous (may not require inoculant), Tolerant to frog eye disease with potential yield of 2500kg/ha
Chichewa: Mtundu umenewu umagwidwa kwambiri ndi matenda a dzimbiri koma ikhoza kusemphana ndi matendawa, yaying'ono maso ake, imakwatitsana (singafune feteleza wobzalira soya). Imapilira ku matenda ouma masamba a frog eye ndipo zokolola zimafika 2,500kg pa hectare
English: Field preparation should be done before the first planting rains. Prepare ridges at 75cm or 90cm apart. Fields should be properly tilled to conserve soil and water
Chichewa: Kukonza minda kuchitike mvula yobzalira isanagwe. Konzani mizere motalikirana 75cm kapena 90cm. Minda igawulidwe moyenera kuti idzisunga dothi ndi madzi
English: Seed should be inoculated with Rhizobium for high grain yield such as Nitrofi x, Biofi x and Histick. Nitrofi x is applied by inoculating seed prepare 200ml of a 5% sugar solution (discouraged due to ant’s attack) by dissolving one match box full of sugar into water contained in a bottle of fanta
Chichewa: Mbewu ithiridwe feteleza wa Rhizobium kuti ibeleke kwambiri monga Nitrofi z, Biofi x ndi Histick. Nitrofi x amathiridwa posakaniza ndi mbewu pamulingo wa 200ml wa madzi a sugar, koma izi zimaletsedwa chifukwa zimayitana nyerere, posungunula sugar wodzadza chibiliti chamachesi mmadzi odzadza botolo la fanta
English: Mix one sachet of inoculants (50g) into this solution to form a slurry. Pour this slurry over 25kg of seed and mix until all the seed is evenly coated
Chichewa: Sungunulani paketi imodzi ya mankhwala okwana 50g kuti mupange kaphala. Thirani kaphalako pa mbewu yolemera makilogalamu 25 ndipo sakanizani mpaka mbewu yonse itakutidwa mofanana
English: Leave it to dry in the shed for 30 minutes. Plant seed within 24 hours of inoculation. Inoculum does not have to be stored in are frigerator, it can be stored at room temperature. For Biofi x and Histick farmers are encouraged to mix the product with right quantity of water and seeds
Chichewa: Siyani kuti ziume kwa mphindi makumi atatu. Bzalani mbewu maola 24 mutathira mankhwala asanadutse. Mankhwalawa sakuyenera kusingidwa mozizira, akhoza kusingidwa pamalo ofunda pang'ono. Kwa Biofi x ndi Hastick, alimi akulimbikitsidwa kusakaniza mankhwalawa ndi mulingo woyenera wamadzi ndi mbewu
English: Medium to late maturing varieties of soya bean require 100 days of good rainfall for good development of the crop
Chichewa: Mbewu za zoya zocha pakatikati kufika mochedwerapo zimafuna masiku 100 a mvula yabwino kuti zikule moyenera
English: Planting in narrow row widths produces more yield than wide spacing. Planting on the ridge should be done on two rows spaced on each side of ridge at approximately 30cm apart and placing one seed per planting station 5cm apart and 2.5cm deep
Chichewa: Kubzala mmizere yothithikana kumatulutsa zokolola zochuluka kuposa kutalikitsa. Kubzala mmizere kuchitike mbali iliyonse pamtunda wa 30cm ndipo ikani mbewu imodzi paphando motalikirana 5cm ndipo 2.5cm kulowa pansi
English: Flat planting should be done on rows spaced at 45cm apart and 5cm between stations. In both cases the required seed rate is 60 to110 kg per hectare depending on seed size
Chichewa: Kubzala pamalo osaladza kuchitike mmizere yotalikirana 45cm ndipo mbewu zitalikirane 5cm paphando. Pa ziwiri zonsezi, mulingo woyenera wambewu ndi makilogalamu 60 kufika 110 pa hectare kutengera kukula kwa mbewu
English: Soya beans can be grown under residual moisture or irrigation. Normal ridge and planting spacing and seed rates should be followed. Water logged conditions should be avoided
Chichewa: Nyemba za soya zikhoza kulimidwa ndi chinyezi kapena mthilira. Mizere ya mulingo woyenera komanso kutalikitsa pobzala mbwewu kutsatiridwe. Malo a lowe apewedwe
English: Pigeon pea is an important pulse in the country particularly in the Southern Region. It can be grown in almost all types of free draining soils either in pure or mixed stand with other crops such as maize and cassava
Chichewa: Nandolo ndi mbewu yofunikira kwambiri mdziko muno makamaka ku chigawo chakummwera. Imalimidwa payokha kapena yosakaniza ndi mbewu zina monga chimanga ndi chinangwa mmitundu yonse yadothi imene simadzadza madzi
English: Pigeon pea is a valuable source of vegetable protein and farmers grow it either for food or cash. Pigeon pea improves soil fertility through leaf litter and nitrogen fixation. It can be grown either as an annual or as a perennial crop
Chichewa: Nandolo ndi wofunikira kwambiri ngati chakudya chomanga thupi chamasamba ndipo alimi amalima ngati chakudya kapena kugulitsa. Nandolo imaonjezera chonde munthaka kudzera mmasamba ake omwe amagwa pansi ndipo amathandizira kuyika nitrogen munthaka. Amalimidwa ngati mbewu yachaka kapena yokhalitsa kuposa chaka chimodzi
English: Present average yields range from 400 to 800kg per hectare. Potential yields of up to 2,500 kg per hectare can be obtained in a pure stand. The objective therefore is to improve yields
Chichewa: Makololedwe apano amayambira makilogalamu 400 kufika 800 pa hectare. Pali kuthekera kolola malikogalamu 2,500 pa hectare akadzalidwa payekha. Choncho cholinga ndi kupititsa patsogolo zokolola
English: Short Duration (SD) pigeon pea varieties mature in about 120 to150 days depending on date of sowing and location
Chichewa: Mitundu ya Nandolo yanthawi yayifupi amacha pamasiku 120 kufika 150 potengera ndi masiku ofetsa komanso dera
English: The short duration pigeon pea varieties are relatively insensitive to day length and can therefore be grown in a wide range of climatic and soil conditions including dry (700mm mean annual rainfall) low lying (60m above sea level), warm to hot areas to the high plateaus (>1,500m above sea level) which are characterized by cool temperatures and continuous rainfall (2,000mm mean annual rainfall)
Chichewa: Mitundu ya nandolo yanthawi yayifupi simakhudzika kwambiri ndi kutalika kwa usana ndipo choncho ikhoza kulimidwa mmadera a nyengo ndi dothi losiyanasiyana luphatikizirapo madera ouma omwe amalandira mvula ya 700mm pa chaka omwenso ndi otsika pa mtunda wa 60m pamwamba pa nyanja, ofunda kufika otentha kufika madera akumapiri pamtunda woposera 1500m pamwamba panyanja omwe amadziwika bwino ndi kuzizira komanso mvula yopitilira yofika 2000m pa chaka
English: Currently there are no varieties amongst the Short duration pigeon pea with resistance to the soil borne disease Fusarium wilt and Cercospora leaf spot diseases and insect pests such as pod borers and pod sucking bugs. Therefore, a Short Duration crop has to be protected against pests
Chichewa: Padakali pano palibe mtundu pakati pa mitundu yocha msangayi yomwe imapilira ku matenda ochokera munthaka a Fusarium Wilt ndi madontho a masamba a Cercospora komanso tizilimbo towononga monga toboola ndolo za nandolo komanso toyamwa ndolo za nandolo. Choncho, mitundu yocha msanga itetezedwe ku tizilombo towonongati
English: This category of pigeon peas offers an unlimited opportunity for extending the production of pigeon peas to non- traditional pigeon pea growing areas in Malawi such as the medium to high altitude areas with cool temperatures in the Central and Northern Regions of Malawi. Adapted varieties in this category are available for cultivation
Chichewa: Gulu ili la nandolo limapezetsa mwayi wopanda malire potipitsa patsogolo ulimi wa nandolo kumadera omwe samalima nandolo mMalawi muno monga madera okwelerapo mpaka okwera kwambiri omwe amazizira kuchigawo chapakati ndi kumpoto kwa Malawi. Mitundu yake mugulu limeneli ilipo kuti ilimidwe
English: Late maturing (long duration) varieties mature in about 210 to 270 days after sowing depending on time of sowing and location
Chichewa: Mitundu ya nandolo wochedwa kucha imacha pamasiku 210 kufika 270 pambuyo pofetsa potengera ndi nthawi yobzalira komanso dera
English: These varieties are traditionally grown in most parts of Southern Region and in certain parts of the Central and Northern regions too, where they form a major component in the farming systems
Chichewa: Mitundu imeneyi imalimidwa kwambiri mmadera ambiri a chigawo chakummwera ndi madera ena mchigawo chapakati komanso kumpoto, komwe liri gawo limodzi lalikulu pa ulimi wawo
English: Sauma is an indeterminate variety which flowers between 160 to 180 days, and matures between 220 to 270 days after sowing depending on time of sowing and location
Chichewa: Sauma ndi mtundu wa mbewu yapakayikati yomwe imachita masamba pamasiku 160 kufika 180 ndipo imacha pamasiku 220 kufika 270 pambuyo pofetsa kutengera ndi nthawi yofetsera komanso dera
English: This variety has strong resistance to the soil borne Fusarium wilt disease and leaf spots Cercospora spp, which are among the major factors which constrain pigeon pea productivity in the country
Chichewa: Mtundu umenewu umapilira kwambiri kumatenda ochokera mudothi a Fusarium Wilt ndi a madontho a masamba a mtundu wa Cercospora, zomwe zili zinthu zikuluzikulu zobwezeretsa mbuyo ulimi wa nandolo mdziko muno
English: Sauma produces many spreading branches which are capable of growing taller than 2 m in a December sowing. The stems are woody and green in colour; the leaves are dark green and its flowers are bright-yellow and the pods are green. Its seeds are large (15g per 100 seeds) oval shaped and white in colour with white hilum. It has a yield potential of 2,500kg per hectare
Chichewa: Sauma amatulutsa mthambi zambiri zotayana zomwe zilu ndi kuthekera kotalika kupyola 2m zikzagetsedwa mu mwezi wa December. Tsinde lake ndi la thabwa komanso lobiliwira; masamba ake ndi obiliwira mozama ndipo maluwa ake ndi achikasu chowala ndipo ndolo zake ndi zobiliwira. Mbewu zake ndi zazikulu kulemera magalamu 15 pa mbewu 100 zirizonse, zobulungira komanso zoyera panchombo pake. Zokolola zimafika makilogalamu 2,500 pa hectare
English: Kachangu is an indeterminate variety which flowers between140 to 180 days, and matures between 190 to 240 days after sowing depending on time of sowing and location
Chichewa: Kachangu ndi mtundu wapakatikati womwe umachita maluwa pamasiku 140 kufika 180, imacha pamasiku 190 kufika 240 pambuyo pofetsa kutengera nthawi yofetsera komanso dera
English: This variety has some considerable degree of resistance to Fusarium wilt disease. Like Sauma, this variety also produces many spreading branches which are capable of growing taller than 2 m in a December sowing
Chichewa: Mtundu umenewu uli ndi kuthekera kokulirapo kopilira ku matenda a Fusarium Wilt. Monga Sauma, mtundu umenewu umatulutsanso mthambi zotayana zomwe zili ndi kuthejkera kutalika kupyola 2m zikabzalidwa mmwezi wa December
English: The stems are also woody and green in colour; the leaves are green and its flowers are ivory creamy, the pods are green and seeds are creamy white
Chichewa: Tsinde lake ndi lathabwa komanso lobiliwira; masamba ake ndi obiliwira ndipo maluwa ake owoneka mwamkaka, ndolo zake ndi zobiliwira ndipo mbewu yake ndi yoyera