dmatekenya/chichewa-machine-translation huggingface dataset:
English: Heating to temperatures which are sufficient to kill microorganisms inside the food is a method used with perpetual stews
Chichewa: Kutethetsa ku mlingo oti ukhoza kupha tizilombo mkati mwa chakudya ndi njira imene imagwilitsidwa ndi powilitsa chakudya chilichonse chomwe chapezeka
English: For most of the millions of people who get the flu each year in the U.S., the virus brings a few days of fever, body aches and weakness before it goes away
Chichewa: Mwa anthu zikwizikwi amene amadwala chimfine ku amelika, kalimboko kamadza ndi masiku angapo otetha thupi, kupweteka kwa thupi ndikufowoka chisanapite
English: But for some, the influenza virus can lead to severe illness, hospitalization — even death
Chichewa: Kwa ena kachilombo kachimfine kayambitsa kudwala kwambiri, kupititsa kuchipatala- ena mpaka imfa
English: Miller knows these risks all too well. This year marks a decade since serious complications from the flu led to a life-changing loss for the communications director
Chichewa: Miller akudziwa bwino kuwopsa kwa izi. Chaka chino zakwana zaka khumi kuchokera pamene zopinga zodza chifukwa cha chimfine zinabweletsa kusitha pa moyo wawo pamene anataya otsogolera za kulumikizana
English: At age 33, Miller was a healthy young woman when she came down with a sore throat and headache
Chichewa: Ali ndi zaka makumi atatu ndi zitatu, miller anali m’mayi wa thanzi pamene anayamba kumva kukhosi kupweteka ndi mutu
English: When her symptoms got worse, she went into urgent care for a chest X-ray, but it showed nothing alarming
Chichewa: Pamene zizindikilozi zinafika povuta, anapita kulandila chisamaliro kuti amujambule koma sizinawonetse zodabwitsa chinalichonse
English: Panic was the prevalent emotion yesterday as about 80 students from Lunzu Secondary School in Blantyre were rushed to Mlambe Mission Hospital following a suspected case of food poisoning
Chichewa: Mantha anagwila anthu dzulo pamene ana okwana makumi asanu ndi ndi atatu asukulu ya sekondale ya lunzu ku blantyre anathamangila nawo ku chipatala poganizila nkhani yakuwonongeka kwa chakudya
English: Parents and guardians rushed to the school and the hospital after news broke that some students had collapsed and were rushed to the hospital
Chichewa: Makolo ndi osamalira ana anathamangila ku sukulu ndi kuchipatala pamene nkhaniyi inadziwika kuti ana ena agwa ndipo awatengela kuchipatala
English: Three of the students are being treated as in-patients after showing signs of vomiting and diarrhoea, according to the hospital’s healthcare worker
Chichewa: Ohunzila atatu akuwathandiza pachipatalachi atawonetsa zizindikilo zosanza, kutsegula m’mimba, izi ndi momwe wanenela wogwira ntchito za umoyo pachipatalachi
English: She said: “We have diagnosed the students who were rushed here with acute gastroenteritis secondary to acute food poisoning
Chichewa: Akuti:” ana amene anathamangila nawo kuchipala tawapeza ndi matenda a gastroenteritis cihfukwa cha chakudya chowonongekachi
English: We suspect that they consumed food with chemicals. However, we have yet to get results from Blantyre District Health Office, who will run the tests to establish the exact chemical
Chichewa: Tikuganizila kuti anadya chakudya chamankhwala. Komabe, sitinalandire zotsatira kuchoka ku chipatala cha boma cha blantyre amene amapange mayeso kuti adziwe mankhwala eni eni
English: Mkwina said there were no casualties and that the condition of the students was not worrisome
Chichewa: Mkwina akuti palibe amene wamwalira ndipo m’mene alili ophunzirawa ndizosadandaulitsa
English: She said: “Let me refute allegations that two students have succumbed to the condition. Most of the students have already been discharged.”
Chichewa: Akuti:” nditsutse zakuti ophunzira awiri amwalira chifukwa cha izi. Mwawophunzira ena atulutsidwa kale
English: In a separate interview, Ministry of Education public relations officer Mphatso Nkuonera said the ministry had yesterday temporarily suspended all food services provided at the school
Chichewa: IPoyakhula mwapadela, wowona za maubale ndi anthu ku unduna wazamaphunziro a mphato nkuonera wati undunawu dzulo waletsa zakudya zonse zopezeka pa sukuluyi
English: “So far, some students have been affected, but most of them are responding to treatment well. Currently, three of the learners are still at the hospital waiting for further observation,” he said
Chichewa: Pofika pano, ophunzira ena akhudzidwa, koma ambiri mwaiwo akupeza bwino ndi chithandizo. Pakali pano, ophunzila awiri ali kuchipatala kudikilira kuti awawone bwino,” anatero
English: One of the parents, Patricia Tchayatchaya, whose daughter was among the affected students, said she complained of abdominal pains
Chichewa: M’modzi mwa makolo, a patricia tchayatchaya, mtsikana wawo amene ndi modzi mwawohudzidwawo, akuti amadandaula kupweteka m’mimba
English: “She told me that she started having stomach pains and opening bowels after consuming bitter nsima from the previous night,” she said
Chichewa: Akuti anayamba kumva kupweteka m’mimba ndikutsegula atadya nsima yowawa usiku wake,” anatero
English: Another parent Davie Mateyu from Mpemba in Blantyre said his son collapsed but is recovering well
Chichewa: Kholo lina a davie mateyu aku mpemba ku blantyre akuti mwana wawo wam’muna anagwa koma akupeza bwino
English: Efforts to talk to the head teacher proved futile as his phone went unanswered while a questionnaire sent through Whatsapp was not responded to as we went to press at 6.30pm
Chichewa: Ntchito yofuna kuyakhulana ndi mphunzitsi wamkulu inawoneka yopanda phindu pamene lamya wawo simayakhidwa ndipo m’ndanda wamafunso umene tinatumiza pa WhatsApp sunayakhidwe pamene timapita kukasindikiza nkhani nthawi ya 6.30 madzulo
English: It is clear the commodity trader, Admarc competes against itself when it comes to playing with food. For years, maize rotting in Admarc has become so commonplace that one can be tempted to think there is a syndicate that benefits from the rot
Chichewa: Ndizachidziwikile kuti wogula ndi kugulitsa , admarc limapanga mpikisano lokha ikafika nkhani yoselewetsa chakudya. Kwa zaka tsopano, chimanga chakhala chikuwola ku admarc ndipo wina akhoza kuganiza kuti ndi zochita kukonza kuti apindule ndi chimanga chowolachi
English: Subtly put, Admarc is not only playing with food, it is also playing with the Malawi economy
Chichewa: Kuyankhula mwatchutchu, admarc sikusewela ndi chakudya ikusewela ndi chuma cha dziko la malawi
English: For years, maize rotting in Admarc’s hands has, sadly, been part of running of affairs there
Chichewa: Kwa zaka, kuwola kwa chimanga m’manja mwa admarc,mwachisoni ndi m’mene zinthu zimayendela
English: That year, Admarc sweet-coated the rotten maize as discoloured. It had to take the then chair for the committee Welani Chilenga to call the selling of rotten maize to Malawians was an insult. He was right, selling rotten discoloured maize is an insult to the populace
Chichewa: Chaka chimenecho, admarc inanena mokometsa kuti chimanga chowonongekachi ngati chositha mtundu. Zinachita kutengela mkulu wa komiti nthawi imeneyo welani chilenga kunena kuti kugulitsa chimanga chowonongeka kwa amalawi ndi chitonzo. Amanena zowona, kugulitsa chimnga chowonongeka chositha mtundu ndichitsonzo ku anthu
English: Here, it gets interesting. Admarc attributed the rotten maize to the fact that they bought it with moisture levels that are recommended. This is interesting because we will get back to it
Chichewa: Appa, ndipamene zikusangalatsa. Admarc inanena kuti inagula chimanga chili ndi madzi mlingo woyenela. Izi ndi zosangalatsa chifukwa tibweleranso pa izi
English: What is sad is that Admarc was at the time selling the maize at K100 per kilogramme, lower than the K125 farmgate price at the time
Chichewa: Chomvetsa chisoni ndi chakuti, admarc pa nthawi imeneyo imagulitsa chimanga pa mtengo wa k100 pa kilogalamu, kuposa mtengo wa boma wogulira zinthu pa munda wa k125 panthawiyo
English: How Admarc has survived all these years is a miracle greater than cooking oil that never runs dry from the bottle no matter how much you use
Chichewa: M’mene admarc imakhalira zaka zonsezi ndi chozizwitsa kuposa mafuta ophikira amene samtha ku botolo m’mene mwayambila kugwilitsa ntchito
English: Round about that time, an assessment report of the grain reserves across the country done by donors led by the USaid revealed that almost 4 821 metric tonnes of maize was not in good condition 2 910.96 metric tonnes was characterised as dust and chaff, 410.5 metric tons having high aflatoxin levels and almost 1 500 metric tonnes was found to be no longer of use as it has been in silos for too long or has been too dry for consumption
Chichewa: Mu nthawi yomweyi, kalata yamayeso ya kosunga mbewu mu dziko lonse amene anapanga othandiza motsogoleledwa ndi USaid zinawonetsa kuti chimanga chokwana ma tani 4821 sichinali chabwino ndipo ma tani 2910.96 chinaikidwa ngati fumbi ndi zinyalala, ma tani 410.5 chinali ndi chuku chochuluka komanso ma tani 1500 chinapezeka kuti sichingagwilenso ntchito chifukwa chinakhalitsa mu silo kapena chinawuma kwambiri kuti sichingadyedwe
English: The health hazards of the rotten maize is all clear. Some Malawians are forced to buy simply because they have no alternative food
Chichewa: Zowopysa ku moyo kwa chimanga chowola ndizodziwila. A malawi ena amakamizidwa kugula chifukwa alibe chakudya china
English: All this is coming out because Admarc this week came up with the same old song of rotten maize because they bought it with high moisture content
Chichewa: Zonsezi zikudza chifukwa admarc sabata ino inabwelanso ndi nyimbo yomwe ija ya chimanga chowola chifukwa anachigula chili ndi madzi ambiri
English: How Admarc thought repeating the same mistake would yield a different result will only bamboozle you
Chichewa: M’mene admarc imaganizila kubweleza vuto lomwe kuti zibweletsa zotsatila zina zikhoza kukupusitsa chabe
English: Admarc board chair conceded 1 265 metric tonnes of maize that was bought between April and June last year was rotten
Chichewa: Wapampando wa admarc anavomeleza kuit chimanga ma tani 1265 chimene chinagulidwa pakati pa april ndi mwezi wa june chinali chowonongeka
English: It is most unfortunate that the lot is part of the 5 000 metric tonnes they bought with a K253.1 million loan from local commercial banks. And Kusamba Dzonzi says that maize is not fit to be consumed even by animals
Chichewa: Ndikhumudwitsa chifukwa chimanaga chowonongekachi ndi gawo la chimanga chokwana ma tani 5000 chimene anagula ndi ndalama zokwana 253.1 miliyoni kwacha zimene anatenga ku ma banki. Akusamba dzonzi akuti chimangachi sichoyenela kudyedwa ngakhale nyama
English: To say that Admarc is not only playing with food but also the country’s economy, therefore is not far from the truth. How will the loan be serviced?
Chichewa: Kunena kuti admarc sikusewela ndi chakudya koma chuma cha dziko, ndichilungamo. Ngongole imeneyi izabwezedwa bwanji?
English: Next time, are we going to be surprised that Admarc is asking government for bailouts?
Chichewa: Nthawi ina , tizadabwitsika ndi admarc ikupempha boma kuti ayiwombole ku mavutowa?
English: This is a very sad development that the statutory corporation which must be on top of things to know that 30 percent of the country’s yield goes down the drain in post harvest losses
Chichewa: Izi ndizomvetsa chiaoni kuti bungwe la boma limene likuyenela kukhala patsogolo kuyendetsa zinthu, kudziwa kuti mapelesenti makumi atatu azokolola za dziko zimataidwa pokolola
English: Primarily, the average farmer or maize trader knows that high moisture content is one of the reasons maize rots. Sheer negligence can be the only reason for buying maize with high moisture content
Chichewa: Makamaka, mlimi kapena opanga malonda a chimanga amadziwa kuti chinyezi chambiri ndi chimene chimapangitsa chimanga kuwola. Kutayalila ndi chifukwa chokhacho chogulira chimanga cha chinyezi chambiri
English: Basically, when Admarc plays with maize, its power to supply falls, leaving poor Malawians to be at the mercy of other traders
Chichewa: Kwenikweni, admarc imasewela ndi chimnga, mphamvu yake yopeleka imatsika, kuwasiya amalawi osauka kudalira ogulitsa ena
English: What happens, then, is that the price rises and with that comes an increase in the price of other goods
Chichewa: Zimene zimachitika kenako, ndikuti mitengo imakwela ndipo ndizimenezi kumakhala kukweraso kwa katundu wina
English: Isn’t it time those playing with the staple at Admarc were brought to book? Repeating the same mistake several times has never been a coincidence. There is some rot at Admarc
Chichewa: Kodi sinthawi yoyenelera kuti amene akusewela ndi chakudya ku admarc adziwike? Kubeleza kulakwika komweko nthawi yambiri singozi. Pali kuwonongeka ku admarc
English: Karonga District Hospital paediatric ward in-charge has appealed to well-wishers to support the ward with beddings, food and other necessities
Chichewa: Woyan’ganila chipinda cha ana ku chipatala cha karonga apempha akufuna kwabwino kuti athandize chipindachi ndi zogonela, chakudya ndi zinthu zina zofunikila
English: He made the appeal on Tuesday when Karonga Prison female officers and wives of wardens donated assorted food items to the ward
Chichewa: Ananena izi lachiwiri pamene ogwila ntchito akazi ndi akazi a woyan’ganila ku ndende ya karonga, anakapeleka zakuday zosiyana siyana kuchipindaku
English: The donation has come at the right time because the ward does not have a number of basic things such as beddings, food and medical supplies,” said Kamwela
Chichewa: Chithandizochi chabwela munthawi yake chifukwa chipindachi chilibe zinthu zofunikila monga zogonela, chakdya ndi mankhwala, anatero kamwela
English: He, however, thanked the group for reaching out to the children’s ward with food items. A guardian, said she was happy with the food parcel she received
Chichewa: Komabe. Iwo anathokoza gululi chifukwa chofikila chipinda cha anachi ndi zakudya. Oyan’ganila, anati ndi okondwa ndi katundu wa chakudya amene alandila
English: She said they had not received any food, since her daughter was admitted to the hospital. Female officers and spouses of prison warders in the paediatrics ward
Chichewa: Anati sanalandile chakudya chilichonse, kuchoka pamene mwana wawo anamulowetsela mchipatalla. Maofesala akazi ndi akazi woyan’ganila ndende mu chipinda cha ana
English: May God bless these women for this kind gesture. Since we don’t receive food here, life is hard
Chichewa: Mulungu awadalitse amayi awa chifukwa chazabwinozi. Chifukwa sitilandila chakudya kuno, moyo ndi wovuta
English: In an interview, Karonga district director of health and social services said the hospital is providing one meal a day but they are working towards providing two meals
Chichewa: Poyakhula, mkulu woyan’ganila za umoyo ndi chisamaliro cha anthu pa chipatala cha karonga ananena kuti chipatalachi chikupeleka chakudya chimodzi patsiku ndipo akugwila ntchito kuti ayambe kupeleka chakudya kawiri
English: He said: “Previously, we were offering two meals per day. This was scaled down after prices of foodstuffs went up
Chichewa: Akuti:” m’mbuyomu. Timapeleka chakudya kawiri pa tsiku, izi zinachpetsedwa kutsatila kukwera mitengo kwa zinthu
English: “Again, we are servicing old debts and once we settle them, we will start offering two meals a day.”
Chichewa: Mobweleza, tikubweza ngongole ndipo tikamaliza kubwenza, tiyambanso kupeleka chakudya kawiri pa tsiku
English: On her part, Karonga Prison officer in-charge said the gesture was part of celebrating the country’s 59th Independence Anniversary
Chichewa: Mbali yawo, wamkulu woyan’ganila ndende ya karonga anati ntchitoyi ndi gawo lokondwelera zaka 59 zakudziimila palokha
English: The bowl has good diversity messages on the rim, and tactile markings for age-appropriate portion sizes inside the bowl to address food quantity
Chichewa: Mbaleyi ili ndi mauthenga osiyanasiyana m’mbali mwake, komanso tizizindikilo towoneka zogwiritsa ntchito kudziwa mlingo wa chakudya malingana ndi zaka kufotokozera kuchuluka kwa chakudya
English: A handwashing symbol at the bottom of the bowl illustrates the importance of hand hygiene as part of good child feeding practices
Chichewa: Chizindilo chosamba m’manja pansi pa mbale zikuwonetsa kufunikila kokhala ndi ukhondo wa m’manja ngati gawo limodzi za mchitidwe wabwino podyetsa mwana
English: The bowl and spoon she received are part of Unicef’s Complementary Feeding Bowl Project. The objective is to contribute towards improved quality of complementary foods for children under two-years-old
Chichewa: Mbale ndi sipuni zomwe analandila ndi gawo limodzi la bungwe la unicef mu chitukuko cha mbale za kadyedwe kowonjezera. Cholinga chake ndi kuthandizila kupititsa patsogolo ubwino wa zakudya zowonjezela za ana ochepela zaka ziwiri
English: He explains that training has been done with frontline health workers such as health surveillance assistants (HSAs), promoters and cluster leaders in sanitation and hygiene so that communities can reduce diseases like cholera
Chichewa: Akufotokoza kuti kuwaphunzitsa kwachitika ndi anthu okhala patsogolo pa ntchito za umoyo monga othandizila za umoyo, olimbikitsa komanso atsogoleri a m’madela pa nkhani ya ukhondo kuti anthu kumadela achepetse matenda ngati cholera
English: The other training was complementary feeding. When a child reaches six months, they need additional food. Breast milk is not enough, so you need to add complementary foods that include the six food groups,” he says
Chichewa: Maphunziro ena anali madyedwe owonjezela. Pamene mwana wafika miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, amafuna chakudya chowonjezela. Mkaka wa m’mawere okha sukwanila, ndiye amafunika kuwonjezela chakudya chowonjezera chokhala ndi magulu asanu ndi limodzi azakudya,”akutero
English: But the implementation of bowl-and-spoon is the real game changer in promoting nutrition for young children
Chichewa: Kukhazikitsa kwa mbale ndi sipuni kusitha zinthu polimbikitsa madyedwe abwino kwa ana an’gono
English: Then there is this bowl and spoon project where we want to improve the complementary feeding because surveys showed that we are not doing well on that
Chichewa: Ndiye pali chitukuko cha mbale ndi sipuni imene tikufuna kusitha madyedwe owonjezela chifukwa kafukufuku waonetsa sitikkuchita bwino pa izi
English: Targeted households are provided with a complementary feeding toolkit that comprises a spoon, a bowl, and a counselling card
Chichewa: Mabanja amene asakhidwa amapatsidwa zida zamadyedwe abwino zimene ndi sipuni, mbale ndi pepala la uphungu
English: Unicef developed the complementary feeding bowl and spoon to give caregivers a simple tool to remember nutrition messages when preparing food for their children
Chichewa: Bungwe la unicef linakonza chitukuko cha mbale ndi sipuni pakadyedwe kowonjezela ngati chida chosavuta kwa opeleka chisamaliro kuti adzikumbukira mauthenga a thanzi pamene akukonza chakudya cha ana awo
English: This will help ensure children receive a diverse and nutrient-dense diet at the right frequency
Chichewa: Izi zithandiza kuti ena akulandila chakudya chamagulu komanso chathanzi pa mlingo wabwino
English: I’m still breastfeeding my baby exclusively and have also started providing her with porridge that includes a variety of nutritious foods. I am hopeful that my child will be healthy because of this,” she says
Chichewa: Ndikuyamwitsabe mwana wanga wakathithi ndipo ndayambaso kumupatsa phala limene lili ndi zakudya zopatsa nthazi. Ndikukhulupila kuti mwana wanga akhala wanthazi chifukwa cha izi,” akutero
English: The minimum measurements in the bowl aim to deal with under-nutrition. Whether it’s full, that’s not a problem, the problem is not having enough. Our focus is to prevent undernutrition,” he says
Chichewa: Mlingo wochepa mu mbalemu, cholinga chake ndi kuthana ndi madyedwe abwino wopelewera. Kaya yadzadza, sivuto, vuto ndikukhala ndi zochepa. Cholinga chathu ndikupewa madyedwe abwino opelewela,” akutero
English: The spoon focuses on thickness of the food provided to the child. He says: “The bowl and the spoon help improve child nutrition because they remind the caregiver of the food groups she has to feed the child
Chichewa: Sipuniyi cholinga chake ndi ndikuwona kulimba kwa chakudya chimene chikupelekedwa kwa mwana. Akuti:” sipuni imathandizira thanzi la mwana chifukwa zimakumbutsa opeleka chisamaliro ma gulu azakudya amene akuyenela kumudyetsa mwana
English: The bowl has boundaries that help the caregiver to measure the amount of food to give the child
Chichewa: Mbale imakhala ndi malire amene amathandiza opeleka chithandizo kuyesa mlingo wa chakudya womupatsa mwana
English: The right amount of food for a specific age will help the child’s nutrition because the child will take the right quantity for their age. With the bowl and the spoon, you will provide the right quantity and quality to the child
Chichewa: Mlingo wabwino wa chakudya woyenela zaka za mwana uthandiza thanzi la mwana chifukwa mwana azidya mlingo oyenela zaka zawo. Mbale ndi sipuni, azipeleka mlingo woyenela komanso chabwino kwa mwana
English: As a health worker, Chirwa explains that the bowl and the spoon have simplified counselling about nutrition
Chichewa: Ngati wogwira ntchito za umoyo, chirwa akufotokoza kuti mbale ndi sipuni saphweketsa uphungu wa madyedwe abwino
English: If all children have been given the right food in the right amounts prepared in the right manner, all of them will be healthy. And if a child in every household is healthy, it would reduce the disease burden in the area
Chichewa: Pakakhala kuti ana onse amapatsidwa chakudya choyenela pa mlingo wabwino chokonzedwa bwino, onse bwenzi ali athanzi. Ndipo ngati mwana wina aliyense ali wa nthanzi, zikhoz kuchepetsa chiphinjo cha matenda ku derali
English: For the past week, government has been running an anti-rabies campaign by vaccinating for free all dogs across the country
Chichewa: Sabata yathayi, boma lakhala likulimbana ndi chiwewe popeleka katemera mwaulele kwa agalu onse mudziko muno
English: Rabies is an infection of the brain and is one of the fatal medical conditions whose deaths are under reported in the country
Chichewa: Chiwewe ndi matenda akuubongo ndipo ndi matenda owopsa amene imfa zake sizilembedwa mokwnila mu dziko muno
English: It is 100 percent preventable but once its signs begin to show there is no cure and the patient dies
Chichewa: Ndi matenda opeweka kotheratu koma akakhala kuti zizindikilo zayamba kuwoneka, palibe mamkhwala ndipo odwala amamwalira
English: Rabies is a serious public health problem in Malawi. Mainly it is also because death is 100 percent in those with rabies infection
Chichewa: Chiwewe ndi vuto lalikulu ku umoyo wa anthu kuno ku malawi. Kwambiri chifukwa imfa imachitika kwa amene akudwala chiwewe
English: What are the first signs and symptoms of rabies in a human being and how long do they take to show?
Chichewa: Ndi zizindikilo ziti za chiwewe ku anthu ndipo zimatenga nthawi yotalika bwanji kuti ziwonekele?
English: They are non specific. They include agitation, unusual movements, confusion and aggressiveness. They may have strange thoughts, convulsions or seizures and may paralyse
Chichewa: Sizimadziwika. Zina mwa izo ndi kupanga zachipwilikiti, kuyenda mosadziwika bwino, kubalalika ndi kulusa. Akhoza kukhala maganizo wowopsa, kukomoka ndipo akhoza kupha ziwalo
English: The features above can be interspaced with seemingly looking normal in early stages of the disease
Chichewa: Zinthu zili pamwambapa zikhoza kutsakanikirana ndi maonekedwe a umunthu matendawa akamayamba kumene
English: Later on, in advanced stages, they have fear of water and/or air blown on their face, termed as hydrophobia and aerophobia respectively. They then drift into unconsciousness and then death ensues soon after
Chichewa: Pakapita nthawi, vuto likakula, amakhala amantha ndi madzi kapena mpweya ukawuziridwa kunkhope kwawo, zomwe zimatchedwa kuti kuopa madzi ndiponso kuopa mweya motero. Kenako amakomoka ndipo ifa imadza pambuyo pake
English: There is no specific period for the signs to begin showing because it depends on the distance from site of bite to the brain, the further away from the brain the longer it takes for the dog bite to show symptoms
Chichewa: Palibe nthawi yoikika pamene zizindikilo zimayamba kuwoneka chifukwa zimatengela mtunda kuchokela polimidwa kufika ku ubongo, kutalikilana ndi ubongo, kumatengaso nthawi kuti polumidwa ndi galu zizindikilo ziwoneke
English: Bites in the feet can take months or rarely years. However, on average it takes about three months. Once the virus has been deposited in the flesh it attacks the local nerves then moves slowly through nerves heading towards the brain
Chichewa: Kulumidwa pa phanzi kukhoza kutenga miyezi kapena zaka koma sikawirikawiri. Komabe zimatenga pafupifupi miyezi itatu. Kufikila pamene kachilombo kakhazikika mu thupi kamagwila misepha kena kumayenda pan’gonopan’gono mumisepha kupita ku ubongo
English: Once the virus reaches the brain it multiplies rapidly. Bites in the face or head may take only few days or weeks
Chichewa: Pamene kachilombo kafika ku ubongo, kamachulukana mwansanga. Kulumidwa kunkhope kapena m’mutu kumatenga masiku kapena masabata ochepa chabe
English: How would a person bitten by a dog quickly know that he or she has rabies? The best is not to wait to know you have rabies
Chichewa: Munthu wolumidwa ndi galu angadziwe bwanji mwansanga kuti iye ali ndi chiwewe? Njira yabwino sikudikila kuti mudziwe kuti muli ndi chiwewe
English: As explained above once one starts showing features of rabies, it is too late. However, there are signs showing that a dog that has bitten a person has rabies
Chichewa: M’mene zafotokozeledwa m’mwambamu zikangoyamba kuwoneka zizindikilo za chiwewe, mwachedwa basi. Komabe, pali zizindikilo zowonetsa kuti galu amene waluma munthu ali ndi chiwewe
English: These include, but not limited to, the following: no provocation [a dog biting without being provoked], a dog that goes on to bite several other people, stray dogs [if the bite is more than just a scratch]. All these factors mean one must seek medical help immediately
Chichewa: Izi ndi monga koma sizichepela izi: wosamuyamba, galu kungoluma osamuputa, galu amene amangoluma anthu ambirimbiri,galu wongoyendayenda ngati polumidwapo sipongokala chabe. Zinthu zonsezi zimatathauza kuti munthu akuyenela kupeza chithandizo mofulumila
English: How long would it take for a person who has started showing signs of rabies to die? Once a patient starts showing signs of rabies infection, death follows within two to three days, rarely one week
Chichewa: Zinatenga nthawi yotalika bwanji kwa munthu amene wayamba kuwonetsa zizindikilo za chiwewe kuti amwalire? Pamene wodwala wayamba kuwonetsa zizindikilo za matenda a chiwewe, imfa imadza pamasiku awiri kapena atatu, pena sabata imodzi
English: Is anti-rabies vaccine easily accessible in the country? Human rabies vaccine is not very readily available because it is very expensive. Animal rabies vaccine on the other hand is by far cheaper. Therefore, the best prevention is to vaccinate our dogs and cats
Chichewa: Katemela wa chiwewe amapezeka mosavuta m’dziko muno? Katemela wa chiwewe wa anthu samapezeka pompopompo chifukwa ndi odula kwambiri. Katemera wachiwewe wa ziweto ndiwotchipa kwambiri. Ndiye, njira yabwino yopewela ndi kupeleka katemela kwa agalu ndi amphaka
English: How many patients succumb to rabies monthly or annually? No reliable data is available. Not all rabies deaths are reported, not all rabies deaths occur in health facilities and some rabies deaths are mistaken for other infections like malaria because some may not have the typical features
Chichewa: Ndi odwala angati amene amamwalira ndi chiwewe pa mwezi kapena pachaka?. Palibe uthenga odalilika. Si imfa zonse zachiwewe zimene zimalembedwa, si imfa zonse za chiwewe zimachitikila ku chipatala komanso imfa zina zachiwewe zimasokonezedwa ndi malungo chifukwa ena samaonetsa zizindikilo zodziwikazi
English: Because of these reasons we don’t know the true picture of rabies deaths that occur in Malawi
Chichewa: Chifukwa cha izi, tilibe chithuzi cheni cheni cha imfa za chiwewe zimene zimachitika ku malawi
English: What remedy would you advise people to immediately do after a dog bite? One must do the following: clean the bite wound with lots of soap and water then clean with lots of spirit, if spirit is not available one can use any strong distilled alcohol like kachasu or midoli
Chichewa: Ndimakhwala anji amene mungalangize anthu akalumidwa ndi galu?. Munthu akuyenera kuchita izi: kutsuka chilondacho ndi sopo ndi madzi kenako ndikutsuka ndi sipiliti ngati sipiliti palibe munthu akhoza kugwiltsa ntchito mowa wamphamvu monga kachasu kapena midoli
English: After doing this, the casualty must rush to the nearest health facility for anti-rabies vaccine. Why do dogs with rabies die after biting a person?
Chichewa: Akamaliza izi, olumidwayo akuyenela kuthamangila chipatala chomwe ali nacho pafupi kuti akalandile katemera wa chiwewe. Ndichifukwa chanimagalu achiwewe amamwalira akaluma munthu?
English: Rabies is fatal in both humans and dogs. A dog biting is a sign that they have features of rabies infection, therefore the moment they start showing these features they die within a few days just like in humans
Chichewa: Chiwewe ndichowopsa kwa athu komanso agalu. Galu akamaluma ndichizindikilo kuli ali ndi chiwewe, choncho, nthawi imene wayamba kuwonetsa zizindikilozi amamwalira pamasiku ochepa ngati anthu
English: Rabies deaths are under reported in Malawi. It is a very serious fatal medical condition but preventable. The main method of prevention is vaccination of dogs and cats
Chichewa: Imfa za chiwewe sizimalembedwa mokwanila ku malawi. Ndimatenga owopsa kwambiri koma wopeweka. Njira yeniyeni yopewela ndi katemera wa agalu ndi amphaka
English: Those that can afford the vaccine should vaccinate themselves and family before being bitten by a dog
Chichewa: Amene angakwanitse kupeza katemelayu akabayitse iwo ndi banja lawo asanalumidwe ndi galu
English: Unfortunately, majority of Malawians cannot afford this means of prevention. Treat every dog bite as a potential rabies bite unless if it is one’s own dog with a known history of up-to-date anti-rabies vaccination
Chichewa: Mwatsoka, amalawi ambiri sangakwanitse njira iyi yozitetezela. Tengani kuluma kwina kuli konse kwa galu ngati kwachiwewe pokhapokha ngati ali galu wanu amene ali ndi buku la katemela wachiwewe
English: If it is a neighbour’s dog and they are certain about vaccination and you are able to observe the dog for at least 10 days then you can observe. If you choose to take this approach make sure that the moment the dog disappears you must seek medical help immediately
Chichewa: Ngati ali galu wawoyandikana nawo ndipo ali ndi chikhulupiliro kuti analandila katemela ndipo mukutha kumuwona galuyi kwa masiku khumi mukhoza kutero. Ngati mwasakha njira imeneyi wonetsetsani kuti galu akangosowa mupeze chithandizo chachipatala mosachedwa
English: If one was bitten by a dog it’s never too late to get anti-rabies vaccine as long as one doesn’t have features of rabies infection as earlier described
Chichewa: Ngati munthu walumidwa ndi galu, simunachedwe kukalandira katemela wa chiwewe makamaka ngati simukuwonetsa zizindikilo za chiwewe m’mene tinafotokozera poyamba
English: In other words, if you were bitten by a dog several months ago and you never sought help then [for whatever reason] do so now and as long as no features of rabies have started to show the medical personnel should provide anti-rabies vaccine if the dog cannot be traced and the circumstances are very suspicious of a rabid dog bite
Chichewa: Kunena kwina, ngati unalumidwa ndi galu miyezi ingapo yapitayo ndipo sunakepeze chithandizo pazifukwa zanu pitani tsopano komanso ngati zizindikilo za chiwewe sizinayambe kuwoneka. Wachipatala akuyenela kupeleka katemela wachiwewe ngati galu sangalondolezedwe komanso pamene mukukayikila kuti mwalumidwa ndi galu wachiwewe
English: If in doubt at all seek medical help. Don’t hesitate to seek second opinion if not satisfied by the advice given by the medical personnel
Chichewa: Ngati mukukayikila kapezeni chithandizo chachipatala. Musakayike kufunsa maganizo kwa ena ngati simunakhutire ndi malangizo omwe mwapatsidwa ndi ogwira ntchito zachipatala
English: Chitipa district health officer (DHO) confirmed that health workers at the hospital are treating no less than six cases of dog bites every day, but ruled out a possible outbreak of rabies
Chichewa: Mkulu wachipala cha chitipa anatsimikiza kuti ogwira ntchito zaumoyo pachipatalachi akuthandiza anthu osachepela asanu ndi m’modzi olumidwa ndi agalu tsiku lililonse, koma anachotsa kuti kukhoza kukhala mlili wa chiwewe
English: Two people are said to have died of rabies, but the health officer said no laboratory tests were conducted to confirm the cause of death
Chichewa: Anthu awiri akuti anamwalira chifukwa cha chiwewe, koma mkulu wa zaumoyo anati sizinayesedwe kulabolotale kuti atsimikize chomwe chapangitsa imfayi
English: The cases are just too many in the out-patients department. Even the Veterinary Department had acknowledged an increase,” he said. The health office is still collecting information about the scare
Chichewa: Pali matenda ambiri kothandizila odwala. Ngakhaleso owona za nyama anavomeleza kuchulukaku,” anatero ofesi yazaumoyo ikutolelabe uthenga pa zowopsazi
English: Hospitals are on the receiving end as the sure way to control dogs lies in the hands of the Veterinary Department
Chichewa: Achipatala ali kumapeto kongolandira, ali ndi chikulupiliro kuti njira yabwino yoletsa agaluwa ili m’manja mwa gawo loyang’anira nyama
English: Karonga District is also referring its cases to Chitipa due to lack of anti-rabies vaccine, he said
Chichewa: Boma la karonga likumatumiza matenda ake ku chitipa chifukwa chakusowa katemera wa chiwewe, anatero
English: We have the vaccine, but it is not enough as people are still flocking to the hospital even with a small scratch,” he said
Chichewa: Tili naye katemera, koma osakwanira chifukwa anthu akubwera kuchipatala ngakhale ndi kukalidwa chabe,” anatero
English: The Ministry of Health (MoH) says it is assessing reports of a scabies outbreak in some camps in Machinga district and has employed strategies to prevent the outbreak from spreading to other districts
Chichewa: Unduna wa za umoyo akuti ukuyan’gana uthenga wokhudza mlili wa phele ku malo ena okhala anthu mu boma la machinga ndipo akhazikitsa njira zopewela kufalaku ku maboma ena
English: Director of Preventive Health Services in the Ministry of Health has meanwhile encouraged communities to practice personal hygiene and seek immediate treatment for any suspected case
Chichewa: Wotsogolera ntchito ya yakupewa mu unduna wa za umoyo walimbikitsa anthu kuti azikhala aukhondo komanso kukapeza chithandizo akhala akukaikila mtendayi
English: Machinga DHO is implementing the same strategies we are implementing at national level. It’s an issue of personal hygiene, basically if one member of the family has been diagnosed with scabies, we recommend treatment for all members but because camps are overcrowded, we are treating everyone sharing a room with a suspected case including close contacts,” he said
Chichewa: Chipatala cha machinga chikukhazikitsa njira yomweyi imene tikukhazikitsa dziko lonse. Ndi nkhani yaukhondo, mwachidule ngati modzi pabanja wapezeka ndi phele, timalimbikitsa kuti banja lonse lilandile chithandizo koma chifukwa malo okhala anthu ndi odzadza. Tikupeleka chithandizo kwa aliyense amene akukhala m’chipinda chimodzi ndi odwalayo kuphatikizapo amene akukhala nawo pafupi,” anatero
English: We are still assessing the situation but the cases have spread to other camps. The situation has been with us but having more people staying at one place has exacerbated the problem
Chichewa: Tikuwunikabe m’mene zithu zilili koma matendawa afalikila m’malo ena okhala anthu. Zinthuzi zakhala zilipo koma kukhala ndi anthu ambiri okhala malo amodzi kwakulitsa vutoli
English: Proper hygiene practices are key in preventing scabies. We have been encouraging people to always wash their clothes with soup and dry them up in the sun, it’s unfortunate that most of the people are ignoring this,” he said
Chichewa: Ndondomeko zaukhondo zoyenera ndi njira yofunikila popewa mphele. Takhala tikuwalimbikitsa anthu kuti azichapa zovala ndi sopo ndikuziyanika pa dzuwa, ndizomvetsa chisoni kuti anthu sakutsatila izi,” anatero
English: These scabies outbreaks are coming because of the inability of the members of the community to appreciate issues of hygiene as a primary cornerstone of good health. When people are failing to practice hygiene at a basic level then it becomes a problem
Chichewa: Kufala kwa phele kukubwera chifukwa chokanika kwa anthu a m’mudzi kutsatira ntchito za ukhondo ngati ngodya yoyambilira yaumoyo wabwino. Pamene anthu akulephela machitidwe wa ukhondo pa mlingo woyambila zimakhala zovuta
English: Stakeholders called for more investments in the health sector to bring more awareness on hygiene and behavior change as well as capacitate healthcare workers
Chichewa: Okhudzidwa anapepha ndalama ku gawo la zaumoyo kuti abweletse chindikilitso pa nkhani za ukhondo komanso kusitha kaganizidwe komanso kuwapatsa kuthekela ogwira ntchito za umoyo
English: He said: “When we look at diseases such as Covid-19, cholera, typhoid fever, scabies all these mean that we need a lot of awareness in communities and more investment in water, sanitation and hygiene
Chichewa: Anati:” tikaona matenda ngati covid-19, kolera, malungo, phele, matenda onsewa akutathauza kuti tikufunika chizindikilitso mu madela komanso ndalama zambiri pa ntchito ya madzi, ukhondo
English: According to the Ministry of Health, scabies symptoms may begin 3 – 6 weeks after first infestation, but as early as one day after re-infestation
Chichewa: Malinga ndi unduna wa zaumoyo, zizindikilo za phele zimayamba masabata atatu mpaka asanu ndi limodzi akagwidwa koyamba,koma tsiku limodzi akagwidwanso
English: The spread of scabies has also been exacerbated by the halting of mass drug administration campaigns against trachoma and onchocerciasis [elephantiasis] which also works against scabies
Chichewa: Kufalikila kwa phele kwa kwachulukila chifukwa chakusiya kwa makampeni wopeleka mankhwala ku gulu anthu oteteza ku n’gala ndi mtchetcha amene amagwilanso kuteteza matenda a phele
English: As part of averting the further spread of the outbreak, he said the ministry is intensifying awareness messages to the public on the importance of observing high levels of personal hygiene which should include bathing using clean water
Chichewa: Ngati gawi loteteza kufala kwa matendawa, anati unduna ukulimbikitsa mauthenga ozindilitsa kwa anthu zaubwino otsatira njira pa ukhondo zimene zikuyenera kukhala kusamba kugwilitsa ntchito madzi oyela
English: What needs to be done is to find out the bleeding group of these scabies and eliminate them. But communities need to do their part on hygiene practices,” he said
Chichewa: Zimene zikufunika kuchitika ndikupeza malo amene pakuchoka phelezi ndikuchotsa. Koma anthu mbali yawo akuyenela kutsata mtchitidwe wa ukhondo,” anatero
English: In recent years, the contagious itchy disease has been reported in various districts across the country which has mainly been attributed to poor hygiene levels and lack of access to clean water, among other causes
Chichewa: Mu zaka zapakitipa, matenda oyabwa opatsilanawa akhala ananedwa m’ma boma ambiri mudziko muno chifukwa cha kuchepa ukhondo komanso kusowekela madzi abwino kuphatikiza zoyambitsa zina
English: A new women’s collective is helping fishmongers diversify incomes as declining fish populations lead to increased sex-for-fish requests in Malawi
Chichewa: Gulu la amayi likuthandiza wogulitsa nsomba kusiyanitsa zopeza zawo chifukwa kuchepa kwa nsomba ku malawi kukupangitsa pempho logonana kuti kuti apeze nsomba
English: For three consecutive days in October 2018, a fish monger disguised as Catherine went to Luwuchi fishing camp in Rumphi District along Lake Malawi to buy usipa
Chichewa: Kwa masiku atatu otsatizana mu october chaka cha 2018, wogulitsa nsomba dzina lake chatherine, dzina longomupatsa anapita kowedzela nsomba ku luwichi m’mbali mwa nyanja ya malawi m’boma la rumphi
English: On each occasion, the widow returned empty-handed as fishermen wanted sex with her in exchange, not money
Chichewa: Nthawi zonse, mayi wamasiyeyu amabwela opnda kwathu chifukwa asodzi amafuna agonane kuti asithane ndi nsomba osati ndalama
English: I always refused, but then life was becoming harder for me and my three children. I desperately needed to make sales since the fish-selling business was my only source of income,” she says
Chichewa: Ndimakana nthawi zonse, koma moyo unayamba kuvuta kwa ine ndi ana anga atatu. Ndimafunitsitsa kumagulitsa chifukwa malonda ansomba ianli njira yokhayo yopezelala ndalama,” akutero
English: The next day the first fisherman demanded sex in exchange for usipa, she “had to comply”
Chichewa: Tsiku lotsatira, msodzi woyamba adafuna zogonana kuti tisithane ndi usipa, anangoyela kutsatira
English: The declining fish catches due to overfishing and climate change fuel transactional sex in lakeshore districts, experts say
Chichewa: Kugwira nsomba zochepa chifukwa cha kuwetsa kwambiri komanso kusitha kwa nyengo kumapangitsa khalidwe la chiwelele chosithana m’ma boma a m’mbali mwa nyanja, akadaulo akutero
English: The practice is worse during the lean season around November and December when usipa catches are significantly low and competition is high
Chichewa: Khalidweli ndimakula nthawi imene nsomba ikusowa miyezi ya november ndi december pamene kugwila usipa kumatsika koamnso mpikisano umachuluka
English: Frank, a fisher since 2012, admits that he knows many fishermen in Luwuchi who engage in transactional sex, alleging that some women also offer themselves to the fishers
Chichewa: Frank, msodzi kuchokera chaka cha 2012, akuvomela kuti adziwa asodzi ku luwichi amene amapanga chigololo cha msitho, kunena kuti amayi ena amazipeleka okha kwa asodziwa
English: Some don’t have the money at all, so they just say they will pay through sex,” he said
Chichewa: Ena samakhala ndi ndalama konse, ndiye amangoti apeleka kudzela kugonana,” anatero
English: It is challenging to determine the exact number of fishers and fish vendors who engage in clandestine sex deals. Many cases go unreported
Chichewa: Ndizovuta kudziwa nambala yeniyeni ya asodzi ndi ogulitsa nsomba amene amapanga amagwilizana zogonana mwachibisila. Nkhani zambiri simamafotokozedwa
English: But the sex-for-fish puts the participants at risk of sexually transmitted infections, including HIV, says Rumphi district fisheries extension worker
Chichewa: Koma kugonana ndi kusithana ndi nsomba kumaika opangawo pa chiwopsezo cha matenda opatsilana pofonana kuphatikiza kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a edzi, akutero wogwila ntchito ku madela woyang’anila za nsomba m’boma la rumphi
English: Many fishers migrate from one fishing camp to the next. If they have the virus, they can bring it into a community or they can be infected during their travels,” he said
Chichewa: Asodzi ambiri amachoka kumalo owedzela nsomba ena kupita ena. Ngati ali ndi kachilombo, amaabweletsa m’mudzi kapena akhoza kutenga matenda muliyendamu,” anatero
English: Catherine dreamed of becoming a teacher, but she quit secondary school when she became pregnant at 21. Two years later, she began the fish-selling business
Chichewa: Catherine anali ndi maloto ozakhala mphunziti, koma anasiya sukulu yasekondala pamene anakhala ndi pathupi ali ndi zaka makumi awiri ndi chimodzi. Patatha zaka ziwiri anayamba malond ogulitsa nsomba
English: In 2017, her husband, a clinical officer, died from malaria, leaving Catherine as the sole breadwinner. She felt helpless
Chichewa: Mu chaka 2017, amuna ake, amagwila ntchito yachipatala anamwalira chifukwa cha malungo kumusiya catherine kukhala wothandiza pakhomo. Ankasowa chochita
English: When I didn’t make any sales or buy fish from the fishermen, my husband would take care of us,” she said. “After he died, I couldn’t stop selling fish because it was the only way I could make money.”
Chichewa: Ndikakhala kuti sindinagulitse kapena kugula nsomba kwa asodzi, amuna anga amatisamala,” akutero. Atamwalira, sindinakasiya kugulitsa nsomba chifukwa inali njira yokhayo yopangila ndalama
English: In 2018, she began engaging in transactional sex just to access fish more easily and at a lower price
Chichewa: Mu chaka cha 2018, anayamba kupanga kugonana kwa nsitho kuti apeze nsomba mosabuta komanso pamtengo wotsika
English: Women in fishing still have inferior roles, further leaving them prone to gender-based violence including sex for fish,” he said
Chichewa: Amayi kunkhani yowedza ali ndi ntchito zapansi, kuwonjezera kukhala pachiopsezo cha khanza kuphatikiza kugonana kuti apeze nsomba.” akutero
English: We want to upgrade the value chain by constructing market sheds so that women can go buy fish there and not at the beach where they are susceptible to transactional sex,” he said
Chichewa: Tikufuna kukweza m’mene katundu amayendela pomanga malo ogulitsilamo malonda kuti amayi akhoza kumagula nsomba kumeneku osati m’mbali mwa nyanja kumene amakhala pa chiopsezo cha kugonana kwa nsitho,” akutero
English: She is grateful to not have contracted any diseases, even though she remains mentally scarred
Chichewa: Akuyamika kuti sanatenge matenda, ngakhale ali ndi manthabe
English: I am just lucky … most of these fishermen like unprotected sex. They don’t care. I am ashamed,” he said
Chichewa: Ndine wamwayi chabe….azodzi ambiri amakonda kugonana kosaziteteza. Samasamala. Ndine wamanyazi,” akutero
English: The HIV prevalence rate for Mangochi is 16.4 percent, according to NAC. This is above the national prevalence rate of 10 percent
Chichewa: Chiwelengelo chakufala kwa kachilombo ka koyambitsa matenda a a edzi chili pa mapelesenti 16.4, mlainga ndi NAC. izi zikudutsa kufala kwa dziko lonse chimene chili pa mapelesenti 10
English: The campaign started on Friday with dissemination of condom use messages through comedies, music and dance as well as demonstrations on condoms
Chichewa: Kampeni inayamba lachisanu ndikugawa mauthenga m’mene tingagwilitsire kondomu kudzera masewero, nyimbo ndikuvina komanso chiwonetselero cha kondomu
English: The ‘Condomize Malawi’ campaign team in Mangochi moved from bottlestores in Cape Maclear where they interacted with sex workers and other night revellers to Makawa Trading Centre
Chichewa: Kampeni ya condomize malawi ku mangochi inachokoka kumalo omwela mowa ku cape maclear kumene anacheza ndi mahule ndi oyenda usiku kupita pamalo amalonda pa makawa
English: There is so much stigma attached to condom use which reduces usage. This campaign will destigmatise condoms while disseminating messages that condoms prevent sexually transmitted infections but also unintended pregnancies
Chichewa: Pali kusala kwambiri kokhudzana ndikugwilitsa ntchito kondumu zimene zikuchepetsa kugwilitsa ntchito. Kampeni imeneyi ithetsa kusala makondomu pamene ikupeleka mauthenga akuti makondomu amateteza ku matenda opatsilana pogonana komanso mimba zosayembekezela
English: He added that ‘Condomize Malawi’ campaign would supplement a comprehensive sexuality education to engage youths at all levels in sexual and reproductive health matters
Chichewa: Anawonjezela kuti kampeni ya condomize malawi iwonjezela maphunziro a zogonana kugwira ntchito ndi achinyamata palipons pa nkhani zokhudza kugonana komanso umoyo
English: Most governments need to strengthen public provisioning of comprehensive health protection with adequate financing
Chichewa: Maboma ambiri akuyenela kulimbitsa kupeleka chitetezo cha umoyo chokwanila ndi chuma chokwanila
English: Meanwhile, healthcare costs have gone up due to more ill health, the rising costs of new medical technologies, privatization and less public procurement
Chichewa: Pakadali pano, ndalama zothandazila zaumoyo zakwera chifukwa cha matenda, kukwela kwa mitengo ya chipangizo za makono za chipatala, kukhala za anthu komanso kugula katundu waboma wochepa
English: Everyone – nations as well as families – faces more unexpected health threats, worsened by rising catastrophic and other medical expenses, more economic vulnerability, greater income insecurity, declining public provisioning, and costlier coping strategies
Chichewa: Aliyense - maiko komanso mabanja- amakumana ndi ziopsezo pa miyoyo zosayembekezela, zomwe zimavuta kamba ka kukwera mtengo kwa thandizo lachipatala, kusokonekera kwa chuma, kusakhala ndi njira zokhazikika zopezera chuma, kuchepa kwa thandizo lochokera ku boma, komanso kukwera mtengo kwa njira zina zopulimukira