dmatekenya/chichewa-machine-translation huggingface dataset:
English: The seed is much larger (22g per100 seeds) than that of Sauma, and the seed coat is much easier to remove during Dhal processing as compared to Sauma. Th is variety is preferred by the agro-industry
Chichewa: Mbewuyi imakula kuposa ya Sauma, magalamu 22 pa mbewu 100 zilizonse, ndipo khungu lake silivuta kuchotsa popanga zaudya kuchokera ku nandolo kuyerekeza ndi Sauma. Mtundu umenewu umakondedwa ndi makampani okonza zinthu kuchoka ku nandolo
English: Chitedze Pigeon peas 1-The stem is green while the leaves are green and medium in size. It flowers and matures in about 120 days and 190 days, respectively
Chichewa: Nandolo wa Chitedze 1- Tsinde lake ndi lobiliwira pamene masamba ake ndi obiliwira komanso okulirapo. Imachita maluwa ndikucha pamasiku 120 ndi 190 motsogozana
English: It is non determinate and semi-spreading in growth habit (Under intercropping, the plants remain tall and compact but when grown under low population additional branches develop giving a semi-spreading appearance)
Chichewa: Imakulabe ndipo imamwazikana pang'ono  mmakulidwe ake (pobzala mwakasakaniza, mbewuyi imayima motalika komanso mosamwazikana koma ikadzalidwa motalikana mthambi zowonjezera zimaphukira ndikupereka maonekedwe omwazikana)
English: The base flower colour is red. The immature pods are green with light stripes, long and sickle-shaped. Each pod contains 6-7 seeds. Seeds are large white/ cream with 100-seed mass of 14-17g
Chichewa: Duwa lake ndi lifiira. Ndolo zosakhwima ndi zobiliwira ndipo zimakhala ndi mizere, zazitali komanso zamaonekedwe ngati chikwakwa. Ndolo iliyonse imakhala ndi mbewu 6 kapena 7. Mbewu zake ndi zazikulu zoyera ndipo 100 zilizonse zimalemera magalamu 14 kufika 17
English: Plant height is significantly influenced by temperature. Under warm environments, the plants grow tall but shorter under cool environments
Chichewa: Kutalika kwa mbewu kumatengera nyengo. Mmadera ofunda, mbewu imatalika koma imakhala yayifupi mmadera ozizira
English: It has yield potential up to 2.5 tonnes per hectare. The variety is susceptible to Fusarium wilt but tolerant to most leaf diseases
Chichewa: Imatulutsa kufika 2.5 tonnes pa hectare. Mtundu umenewu umagwidwa ndi Fusarium Wilt koma umapilira kumatenda ena a masamba
English: Mwaiwathu alimi a distinct, stable and uniform variety. The stem colour is green. At optimum temperature for growth, it flowers and matures in about 130 days and 180 days, respectively
Chichewa: Mwaiwathu alimi ndi mbewu yodziwika bwino, yokhadzikika komanso yooneka mofanana. Tsinde lake ndi lobiliwira. Nyengo ikakhala pachimake poyenera kukula, imachita maluwa ndi kucha pamasiku 130 ndi 180 motsogozana
English: It is non-determinate and semi-spreading in growth habit. The open flower is yellow in colour with dense streaks
Chichewa: Imakulabe ndipo nthambi zake zimatayana. Maluwa ake ndi achikasu akatsegula ndi mizere yothithikana
English: The immature pods are green with light to dense stripes, long and sickle-shaped. Each pod contains 6-7 seeds
Chichewa: Ndolo zosakhwima ndi zobiliwira zamizere yosawala, zazitali komanso zamaonekedwe a chikwakwa. Ndolo iliyonse imakhala ndi nandolo 6 kapena 7
English: Seeds are large white/ cream with 100-seed mass of 17-19 g. It has the potential yield up to 2.5 tonnes per hectare. It is tolerant to fusarium wilt and most common leaf diseases
Chichewa: Mbewu yake ndi yayikulu, yoyera yolemera magalamu 17 kufika 19 pa 100 zilizonse. Zokolola zake zimafika 2.5 tonnes pa hectare. Imapilira ku Fusarium Wilt komanso matenda ena a masamba
English: Short Duration (SD) pigeon peas SD pigeon peas are best produced as sole crop. Plant on the ridges which are spaced at between 75 or 90cm apart on double or single row. Planting on single row requires 2 plants per station, 20cm apart.
Chichewa: Nandolo wanthawi yayifupi amakhala bwino kumulima payekha. Pamizere yomwe yatalikana 75 kapena 90 cm bzalani mizere iwiri kapena umodzi. Kubzala mzere umodzi kumalira mbewu ziwiri paphando zotalikirana 20cm
English: Planting on double rows which are spaced at 30cm apart requires one plant per station, 10cm apart, in either case, 75cm ridges pacing gives a plant population of 133,330 plants per ha and a seed rate of 20 to 30kg per ha whereas 90cm ridge spacing gives a plant population of 111,110 plants per hectare and a seed rate of 16 to 25kg per ha
Chichewa: Kubzala mmizere iwiri yotalikirana 30cm kumalira mbewu imodzi paphando, motalikirana 10cm, mu zonse ziwiri, mizere yotalikirana 75c imapeleka chiwerengero cha mbewu chokwana 133,330 pa hectare ndipo mbewu imafunika makilogalamu pakati pa 20 ndi 30 pa hectare pamene mizere yotalikirana 90cm imapeleke chiwerengero cha mbewu chokwana 111,110 pa hectare ndipo pamafunika mbewu makilogalamu pakati pa 16 ndi 25 pa hectare
English: Seed yields of the SD pigeon pea varieties are reduced when intercropped with maize on the same ridge due to shading by the maize plants
Chichewa: Zokolola zamtundu wanthawi yayifupi zimachepa zikalimidwa pamodzi ndi chimanga pamzere wofanana chifukwa chophimbidwa ndi chimangacho
English: The only way to intercrop SD pigeon peas with maize is where the maize and the SD pigeon pea are planted on alternative ridges or in strips of 2 or more ridges.
Chichewa: Njira yabwibo yobzalira pamodzi nandolo wocha msanga ndi chimanga ndi pamene chimanga ndi nandolo zabzalidwa mosemphanitsa mmizere
English: Medium Duration (MD) and Long Duration (LD) pigeon peas -Plant 2 seeds per station spaced at 60cm on ridges of either 75 or 90 cm apart
Chichewa: Mitundu yanandolo yocha mochedwerapo komanso mochedwa - Bzalani mbewu ziwiri paphando motalikirana 60cm mmizere yotalikirana 75cm kapena 90cm
English: This requires a seed rate of 6kg per hectare and the expected plant population is 37,000 and 44,444 per hectare at 90cm and 75cm ridge spacing respectively
Chichewa: Izi zimafuna mbewu yokwana makilogalamu 6 pa hectare ndipo chiwerengero cha mbewu choyembekezereka ndi 37,000 ndi 44,444 pa hectare pa mizere yotalikirana 90cm ndi 75cm motsogozana
English: Cowpea is an important legume crop that is grown all over the country particularly in warm areas with low rainfall like the Shire valley, Bwanje Valley, Lakeshore and Phalombe Plains, as well as other dry areas
Chichewa: Khomwe ndi mbewu yamtundu wa nyemba yofunikira yomwe imalimidwa mmadera onse mdziko muno koma makamaka madera otententherapo omwe amalandira mvula yochepa monga ku chigwa cha Shire, Bwanje, mphepete mwa nyanja komanso mmadera a Phalombe, ndi madera ena ouma
English: The crop will tolerate heat and relatively dry weather conditions. The pea contains good quality protein that will complement the protein present in cereal grains. Leaves are valuable vegetables (Mtambe) that will provide essential vitamins and mineral
Chichewa: Mbewuyi imapilira kutentha ndi nyengo youma. Khobwe wake ali ndi zakudya zomanga thupi zabwino zomwe zingathandizire zakudya zina zomanga thupi ku mbewu zochokera ku udzu. Masamba ake ndi ofunikira kwambiri ngati ndiwo zamasamba omwe amapezetsa ma vitamin ndi michere ina yofunikira
English: In medium and high altitude areas where there is need to escape excessive damage by disease and insect pests, farmers should plant in January and early February. For mixed stand, plant soon after planting the main crop or when the main crop has emerged
Chichewa: Mmadera okwelerapo ndi okwera kwambiri komwe kuli kofunika kupewa kuonongedwa ndi matenda kapena tizilombo towononga, alimi abzale mwezi wa January ndi kumayambiliro a February. Pomwe zabzalidwa mwakasakaniza, bzalani pambuyo pobzala mbewu yeniyeniyo kapena mbewu yeniyeniyo ikatuluka
English: Harvest the pods as soon as they start drying and continue drying them to complete the process. For determinate types (Nseula), uproot the whole plant as soon as the pods start drying, as pods dry at almost the same time
Chichewa: Kololani ndilo zake pamene zayamba kuuma ndipo pitirizani kuumitsa kuti ziume. Kwa mbewu zomwe zikakula zimasiya kuphuka, zulani mbewu yonse pamene ndolo zayamba kuuma, chifukwa ndolo zimauma panthawi yofanana
English: Bambara nut is grown in throughout the country is either grown in pure stand or intercropped with maize, cassava, groundnuts and other crops
Chichewa: Mzama zimalimidwa mdziko monse muno pazokha pakena mophatikiza ndi chimanga, chinangwa, mtedza ndi mbewu zina
English: Farmers should be encouraged to grow the crop as it is a good source of carbohydrates (59%), crude protein (19%), and fat (7%) by weight. The grain is boiled and eaten or prepared as side dish taken with a staple meal
Chichewa: Alimi alimbikitsidwe kulima mbewuyi chifukwa imapezetsa zakudya zokhutitsa kufika 59%, zomanga thupi kufika 19% komanso mafuta kufika 7% pakulemera kwake. Maso ake amawiritsidwa ndi kudyedwa kapena kukonzedwa ngati chakudya chowonjezera chodyedwa pamodzi ndi chakudya chanthawi zonse
English: Bambara nut is best stored in the pod at household level. This practice reduces damage by storage insect pest. Store in cool or well-ventilated structures
Chichewa: Mzama zimasungidwa bwino mu ndolo zake pakhomo. Mchitidwe uwu umachepetsa kugwidwa ndi tizilombo towononga munkhokwe. Sungani pamalo ozizira kapena zipangizo zolowa mpweya bwino
English: Bambara nuts can be sold shelled or unshelled but most buyers accept shelled bambara nuts. Shell nuts using a mortar and pestle
Chichewa: Mzama zikhoza kugulitsidwa zokuswa kapena zosaswa koma ogula ambiri amalola zokuswa kale. Iswani mzama pogwiritsa ntchito musi ndi mtondo
English: Winnow to remove trash and stones. Select and store separately clean whole grain from damaged ones. Present for marketing shelled, clean whole grain; free of trash, stones and discoloured grain
Chichewa: Petani ndi kuchotsa makoko komanso miyala. Sankhani ndi kusunga mosiyana zogazika ndi zosagazika Kagulitseni zokuswa, zosagazika; zopanda zinyalala, miyala komanso zosawonongeka
English: Chickpea is an important cash crop grown mostly in the Shire Highlands. The crop requires less moisture than most crops, therefore it can be grown under residual moisture as a relay crop to maize. It is also important because it improves soil fertility
Chichewa: Tchana ndi mbewu yofunikira yomwe imalimidwa kwambiri mmadera okwera a Shire. Mbewuyi imafuna chinyezi chochepa kusiyana ndi mbewu zina zambiri choncho ikhoza kulimidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chinyezi chotsala pambuyo pokolola chimanga. Ndoyofunika chifukwa imawonjezera chonde munthaka
English: For a relay crop, prepare ridges when maize has reached physiological maturity. Prune most of the maize leaves into the furrow and bury them in the new ridge. For a pure crop, prepare land by ploughing and ridging by February. Ridges should be 90cm apart with a flat top
Chichewa: Ngati mbewu yobwera pambuyo pa mbewu ina, konzani mizere pamene chimanga chafika pokhwima. Sadzani masamba a chimanga ndikuponya mmipata yamizere ndikuwakwilira popanga mzere watsopano. Ngati yobzala payokha, konzani munda pogaula ndikupanga mizere mu mwezi wa February. Mizere italikirane 90cm yophwathalala pamwamba
English: Plant on double rows spaced at 30cm on the ridge. Plant one seed per station spaced 10cm apart. This requires a seed rate of 8 to 10kg per hectare
Chichewa: Bzalani makako awiri otalikirana 30cm pa mzere uliwonse. Bzalani mbewu imodzi paphando motalikirana 10cm. Izi zimafuna mbewu yokanira 8 kufika 10kgs pa hectare
English: To avoid caterpillar infestation which normally damage the pods, plant the crop after the main rains
Chichewa: Popewa kufala kwa mbozi zomwe kwambiri zimaononga ndolo, bzalani mvula yeniyeni ikatha
English: Green and Black grams are commonly grown in the Shire Valley and Bwanje Valley, Phalombe Plain,Mulanje, Lake shore areas and in other warm plateau areas with similar climatic conditions
Chichewa: Mphoza zobiliwira kapena zakuda zimalimidwa kwambiri ku chigwa cha Shire, Bwanje, Phalombe, Mulanje, mphepete mwa nyanja komanso madera amapiri otentherapo okhala ndi nyengo zofanana
English: Grams are a source of protein that will complement the protein present in cereal root and tuber crops. Gram is prepared as a side dish taken with staple meal. Immature pods of some gram cultivars are prepared as a vegetable dish.
Chichewa: Mphoza zimapezetsa zakudya zomanga thupi zomwe zingathandizire zakudya zomanga thupi zopezeka mu zakudya zamitsitsi. Mphoza zimakonzedwa ngati chakudya chonwonjezera chochedwa ndi chakudya chanthawi zonse. Ndolo zosakhwima za mitundu ina ya mphoza zimaphikidwa ngati ndiwo za masamba
English: Average yield range from 300 to 700kg per hectare. The crop can yield up to 1,500kg per hectare in pure stands
Chichewa: Zokolo zimafika 300 mpaka 700kg pa hectare. Mbewuyi ikhoza kufika 1,500kg pa hectare ikalimidwa payokha
English: Farmers should be encouraged to grow the crop as a complement to staple food and in rotation with other crops or as an intercrop to improve soil fertility
Chichewa: Alimi alimbikitsidwe kulima mbewuyi ngati yothandizira chakudya chanthawi zonse  komanso mosinthana ndi mbewu zina kapena ngati mwakasakaniza kuti iwonjezere chonde
English: The crop will grow well on drained clay loam or sandy loam soils. A hot weather with a defined rainy season is preferred to enable the grain to mature and dry towards the end of rains
Chichewa: Mbewuyi ingakule bwino mudothi la mchenga. Nyengo yotentha yokhala ndi nyengo yamvula yodziwika bwino ndiyabwino kuti mbewu ukhwime ndi kuuma pomafika kumapeto kwa mvula
English: Continuous rainfall at maturity stage of crop growth encourages fungal diseases and rotting of mature pods
Chichewa: Mvula yosalekeza panthawi yokhima imabweretsa matenda komanso kuola kwa ndolo zake
English: Grams can be intercropped, relay cropped, grown in pure stand or as green manure crop
Chichewa: Mphoza zikhoza kulimidwa mwakasakaniza, pambuyo pa mbewu zina kapena pazokha kapena ngati mbewu yopeleka manyowa
English: It should be planted in December as first or as a green manure crop; and in February as a relay crop so that the pods mature and dry towards the end of the rains to avoid rotting of mature pods
Chichewa: Ibzalidwe mwezi wa December ngati yoyamba kapena ngati mbewu yobweretsa manyowa; mu February ngati yobwera pambuyo pa mbewu ina kuti ndolo zikhwime ndikuuma kumapeto kwa mvula poopetsa kuola kwa ndolo
English: Plant grams 2 rows spaced at 30cm on ridges 90cm or 75cm apart. Plant 1 seed per planting station spaced at 10cm on each row
Chichewa: Bzalani mphoza mmakako awiri motalikirana 30cm, pamizere yotalikirana 90cm kapena 75cm. Ikani mbewu imodzi paphando motalikirana 10cm pa makako aliwonse
English: When intercropped, number of seed to be planted will depend on the spacing of any other major crop. Seedrate is 6 to 10kg per hectare. A green manure crop will require a higher seedrate because a dense vegetation is required
Chichewa: Ikabzalidwa ndi mbewu zina, chiwerengero cha mbewu paphando chitengera kutalikirana kwa mbewu zina zazikuluzo. Mulingo wa mbewu ndi 6kg kufika 10kg pa hectare. Mbewu yobweretsa manyowa idzafuna mulingo wa mbewu wochulukirapo chifukwa pamafunika zithithikane
English: Pods are ready for harvesting when they are black or brown in colour. Pick mature pods in the morning to avoid loss of grain by shattering
Chichewa: Ndolo zimafika pokololedwa zikamaoneka mwakuda kapena mofiilirapo. Tolani ndolo mmamawa popewa kutayika chifukwa chakusweka
English: Harvesting should be done as soon as pods start drying to avoid shattering. Thresh dried pods by beating the pods with a stick on the mat or using a mortar and pestle. Winnow to remove trash, stones and immature grains
Chichewa: Kukolola kuchitike pamene ndolo zayamba kuuma popewa kusweka. Menyani ndolo zouma ndi mtengo pamphasa kapena pogwiritsa ntchito musi ndi mtondo. Petani kuti muchitse zimyalala, miyala ndi mphoza zosakhwima
English: Store well dried grain in clean and dry containers or bags. Grams are very susceptible to insect pest damage in store. It is therefore important to apply Actellic Super Dust and Wivokil 25g per 50kgs of grain. Store in a cool dry place
Chichewa: Sungani mphoza zouma bwino mu zipangizo zosamala ndi zouma kapena mmatumba. Mphoza zimagwidwa kwambiri ndi tizilombo munkhokwe. Choncho nkofunika kuthira Actellic Super Dust ndi Wivokil magalamu 25 pa thumba lirilonse la 50kg. Sungani pamalo ozizira, ouma
English: The crop should be harvested when pods and stems have turned brown. When harvesting up- root plants to avoid pod shattering. Threshing should be done on hard clean ground or on a mat free from sand and stones
Chichewa: Mbewuyi ikololedwe pamene ndolo zauma ndipo mitengo yake ikuoneka mofiilapo. Pokolola, dzulani mbewu yonse popewa ndolo kusweka. Kumenya kuchitike pamalo olimba aukhondo kapena pamphasa popanda mchenga ndi miyala
English: Oil seeds are useful for both food and cash. They are important as a concentrated source of energy in the diet
Chichewa: Mbewu zamafuta ndi zofunika ngati chakudya komanso kugulitsa. Ndi zofunika ngati zopezera mphamvu zakathithi muzakudya
English: The present production of edible oils in Malawi is not satisfying the existing demand thus necessitating importation
Chichewa: Kalimidwe padakali pano ka zakudya mafuta ku Malawi sikakukwaniritsa mulingo womwe anthu akufuna kotero ena amagulidwa kuchokera mayiko akunja
English: Increased domestic production of oil seeds will improve the supply of raw materials for the production of these oils there by reducing the need for importation
Chichewa: Kuwonjezera kulima mbewu zamafuta mdziko muno kudzathandiza kupititsa patsogolo kupezeka kwa zipangizo zopangira mafuta motero kuchepetsa kufunika koyitanitsa zipangizozi kumayiko akunja
English: The major edible oil seed crops grown in Malawi are sunflower and sesame in addition to groundnuts and cotton. Castor seed is a source of industrial oil
Chichewa: Mbewu zikuluzikulu zamafuta odyedwa zolimidwa mMalawi ndi mpendadzuwa ndi chitowe kuphatikizirapo mtedza ndi thonje. Mbewu ya msatsi imapezetsa mafuta oyendetsera makina
English: Sunflower oil is one of the top quality edible oils and the cake is used in the production of livestock feed
Chichewa: Mafuta a mpendadzuwa ndi amodzi mwa mafuta abwino kwambiri odyedwa ndipo zotsalira zake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zakudya zaziweto
English: It is therefore important to encourage increased production of sunflower in all suitable areas. A warm, fairly dry climate is considered optimal for sunflower production
Chichewa: Motero ndikofunika kulimbikitsa kulima mpendadzuwa wochuluka mmalo onse oyenera. Nyengo yofunda, yamvula yochepa imatengedwa kuti ndiyabwino kulima mpendadzuwa
English: The drier warmer areas with an annual rainfall of 650mm to 850mm and a low relative humidity are suitable for the growth of the crop. However, 500 to 650mm annual rainfall is sufficient for the shorter early maturing types
Chichewa: Madera oumirapo a mvula yapakati pa 650mm ndi 850mm komanso a mpweya wa chinyezi chotsika ndiwoyenera kulima mbewuyi. Komabe, mvula yapakati pa 500mm ndi 650mm ndiyokwanira kulima mitundu yocha msanga
English: Generally sunflower is not very selective to soil types provided the soils are well drained. The crop will produce high yields when grown on deep and well drained sandy loam soils
Chichewa: Nthawi zambiri mpendadzuwa samasankha mtundu wa dothi koma amafuna dothi lotaya madzi. Mbewuyi imabeleka kwambiri ikalimidwa mumthaka yakuya, yotaya madzi yamchenga
English: Cool moist weather conditions are favourable for the development of rust disease (Puccinia helianthi), wilt disease (Sclerotinia spp.), and head rots (Septoria spp., Fusarium spp., Diplodia spp.) On the other hand, very hot dry conditions are favourable for the development of charcoal rot disease (Macrophomina phaseoli)
Chichewa: Nyengo yozizira yachinyezi ndiyabwino ku matenda a dzimbiri (Puccinia helianthi) matenda ofota masamba (Sclerotinia spp.) ndi matenda owola mitu (Septoria spp., Fusarium spp., Diplodia spp.). Kumbali ina, nyengo yotentha imathandizira matenda amakala owoletsa mbewu (Macrophomia Phaseoli)
English: The aim is to encourage farmers to grow the crop and expand hectarage in suitable areas and improve yields to satisfy raw material requirement for edible oils
Chichewa: Cholinga ndi kulimbikitsa alimi kulima mbewu ndiponso kuwonjezera malo omwe akulima mmadera oyenera komanso kupititsa patsogolo zokolola kuti zipezetse zipangizo zokwanira zopangira mafuta odyedwa
English: Seed rate for unimproved cultivars is 8 kg per hectare and 3.5kg per hectare for improved varieties.
Chichewa: Mulingo wa mbewu yamakolo ndi makilogalamu 8 pa hectare ndi makilogalamu 3.5 pa hectare a mbewu yamakono
English: Planting sunflower 4 to 6 weeks after the onset of effective planting rains produces the best yields.
Chichewa: Kubzala mpendadzuwa sabata zinayi kufika zisanu ndi imodzi pambuyo poyamba mvula zimabweretsa zokolola zochuluka kwambiri
English: This is because the flowering and early grain filling stages coincide with the period when good rains occur
Chichewa: Izi zili chonchi chifukwa kupanga maluwa komanso kudzadza kwa mthanga kumakumana ndi nyengo yomwe mvula yabwino ikugwa
English: This will also let the crop escape diseases, since physiological maturity stage will occur under conditions of low relative humidity after the rainy season
Chichewa: Izi zidzathandizanso kuti mbewu isemphane ndi matenda popeza kuti nthawi yokhwima idzachitika mu nyengo ya mpweya wachinyezi chotsika pambuyo pa nyengo yamvula
English: Ridges should be spaced at 75cm or 90cm apart and planting stations should be 50cm apart. Plant 2 seeds per station for improved varieties. For unimproved varieties, plant 4 seeds per station and thin to 2 seedlings 2 weeks after emergence
Chichewa: Mizere italikirane 75cm kapena 90cm ndipo mapando atalikirane 50cm. Bzalani mbewu ziwiri paphando za mbewu yamakono. Mbewu zamakolo, bzalani mbweu zinayi paphando ndipo patulirani kuti zitsalepo ziwiri pakadutsa sabata ziwiri zitamera
English: Weeding during the first 5 weeks after emergence is crucial. However, it is important to keep the field weed free throughout the growing season
Chichewa: Kupalira msabata zisanu zoyamba pambuyo pomera mbewu ndikofunika kwambiri. Komabe, ndikofunika kuti mmunda mudzikhala mopanda tchire nthawi yonse ya ulimi
English: Sunflower is an important catch crop for witchweed (Striga asiatica),It should be used in rotation with maize to reduce witchweed infestation
Chichewa: Mpendadzuwa ndi wofunika kwambiri pothana ndi kaufiti (Striga asiatica). Agwiritsidwe ntchito polima mwakasinthasintha ndi chimanga pofuna kuchepetsa kufala kwa kaufiti
English: Following all the recommended cultural practices for cultivating sunflower will reduce the incidence of diseases such as Alternaria leaf spots, septoria leaf blotch, rust and heat rot
Chichewa: Kutsatira ndondomeko zonse zolimira mpendadzuwa kudzachepetsa kupezeka kwa matenda monga Alternaria leaf spots, septorial leas blotch, rust  ndi heat rot
English: The sunflower crop is physiologically mature when the back of the head has turned from green to yellow and the bracts have turned brown
Chichewa: Mbewu yampendadzuwa imakhala yakhwima pamene kuseli kwa mutu wake kwasintha kuchokera kobiliwira kufika kwachikasu komanso masamba ambali akuoneka ofiilirapo
English: Harvesting should start as soon as the seeds are mature. The heads should be cut and dried near the homestead for ease of bird scaring
Chichewa: Kukolola kuyambike pamene mpendadzuwa wakhwima. Mutu udulidwe ndipo uyanikidwe pafupi ndi nyumba pochepetsa ntchito yothamangitsa mbalame
English: When dry, the heads should be beaten at the back pointing into a container. The seeds are then winnowed to remove chaff and other debris
Chichewa: Ikauma, mitu imenyedwe kumbuyo kwake polodzetsa mu dengu. Mpendadzuwa apetedwe ndikuchotsa mphwepwa ndi zosafunikira zonse
English: Buyers and processors of sunflower seed are available in the country. Black seeded varieties fetch a higher price on the local market and it is advisable to grade the seed properly prior to marketing. Sell only clean winnowed seed
Chichewa: Ogula komanso ogaya mpendadzuwa alipo mdziko muno. Mitundu yambewu yakuda imapeza mitengo yokwera kwambiri mmisika yathu ndipo ndikofunika kusankha mbewu moyenera isanapite kumsika. Gulitsani mbewu yokhayo yopetedwa bwino
English: Sesame (Chitowe) is grown in Malawi either for food or cash. It is tolerant to drought and grown where other crops fail
Chichewa: Chitowe chimalimidwa ku Malawi ngati chakudya kapena chogulitsa. Chimapilira ku chilala ndipo chimalimidwa malo omwe mbewu zina zalephera
English: The seed can be pounded into a cake (Sesame candy) which is eaten as a confectionery or sesame flour (nsinjiro) for seasoning side dishes
Chichewa: Mbewuyi ikhoza kugayidwa ndikupanga keke yemwe amadyedwa ngati takudya zosangalatsa kapena nsinjiro za chitowe zokometsera zakudya
English: Sesame oil extracted from seeds is used for cooking and soap making. The processed oil is odourless and has a long shelf life. Sesame is also used in bakeries for drapings on bread
Chichewa: Mafuta a chitowe owengedwa kuchokera ku mbewu amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophikira komanso kupanga sopo. Mafuta ake alibe fungo ndipo amakhala nthawi yayitali asanaonongeke. Chitowe chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuyika ngati zokometsa chingwa mmalo ophikira chingwa
English: Sesame is interplanted with cereals and grain legumes. The major problems of sesame production in Malawi include poor cultural practices, insect pests and diseases
Chichewa: Chitowe chimalimidwa mwakasakaniza ndi mbewu zina za udzu komanso zanyemba. Mavuto aakulu pa ulimi wa chitowe ku Malawi ndi monga kusalima mosamala, tizilombo zowononga komanso matenda
English: Sesame thrives best on soils which are well drained. It is extremely susceptible, even for a short period, to water logging at any stage of growth. Soils with a pH range of 5.5 to 8.0 are suitable.
Chichewa: Chitowe chimachita bwino mdothi lomwe limataya madzi bwino. Chimavutika kwambiri, ngakhale kwanthawi yochepa, ku mthaka yodzadza madzi. Dothi lake liyenera likhale la pH yapakati pa 5.5 kufika 8.0
English: Early weeding protects the crop from intensive competition with weeds until the crop produces sufficient canopy to suppress further weed growth
Chichewa: Kupalira tchire mwansanga kumateteza mbewu kupikisana nadi tchire mpaka mbewu ichite mthambi zambiri zothandiza kufooketsa kukula kwa udzu
English: The critical period is within the first 4 to 6 weeks of crop establishment. During this period, competition between the crop and weeds for nutrients, moisture and sunlight is high
Chichewa: Nthawi yofunikira kwambiri ndi sabata zinayi kufika zisanu ndi imodzi zoyambilira zokula mbewu. Panthawi imeneyi, mpikizano pakati pa mbewu ndi tchire kupeza michere, chinyezi ndi dzuwa zimakhala zokwera
English: Sesame is ready for harvest when one third to two thirds of the lower plant parts turn yellow. Cut the plants and tie into bundles
Chichewa: Chitowe chimafika pokolola pamene gawo limodzi pa magawo atatu aliwonse a nthambi zammunsi asintha kumaoneka achikasu. Dulani mbewu ndikuyimanga mmitolo
English: Stook the bundles upright to dry. When completely dry, thresh by gently and carefully beating the bundles turned upside down into a container. The process of beating should be done periodically until no seed comes out from the capsules in the bundles
Chichewa: Imitsani mopendeka mitolo kuti chiume. Chikuma bwinobwino, menyani monyengelera ndi mosamala mitolo itazondotsedwa mu dengu. Njira yomenyera ichitike pafupipafupi mpaka chitowe chonse chidzatulukemo mu zikuto zake
English: Root and tuber crops are important as a source of food, cash and raw materials for industrial uses
Chichewa: Mbewu zoberekera pansi ndozifunika ngati chakudya, kugulitsa komanso ngati zipangizo zopangira zinthu kumafakitale
English: Even in areas where maize is a staple food, root and tuber crops are important food supplement. They are particularly important as food security crops in seasons of drought and survive relatively well in marginal soils
Chichewa: Ngakhale kumadera komwe chimanga chimalimidwa ngati chakudya chodalirika, mbewu zamitsitsi komanso zobelekera mdothi ndizofunika ngati zowonjezera chakudya. Ndizofunika makamaka ngati zothandizira kudzidalira pachakudya munyengo za chilala ndipo zimapilira mmalo opelewera dothi, a miyala
English: Cassava is a staple food crop in the lake shore areas of Nkhotakota, Nkhata bay, Rumphi and Karonga. In some districts of Malawi such as Mzimba, Kasungu, Lilongwe, Dedza, Dowa, Machinga and Mulanje cassava is becoming a major cash crop
Chichewa: Chinangwa ndi chakudya chodalirika mmadera a mphepete mwa nyanja monga Nkhotakota, Nkhatabay, Rumphi ndi Karonga. Mmaboma ena mMalawi monga Mzimba, Kasungu, Lilonwe, Dedza, Dowa, Machinga ndi Mulanje, chinangwa chikusanduka njira yopezera ndalama yayikulu
English: It is also grown in other parts of the country as a security crop, eaten as a snack and also sold as dry cassava chips
Chichewa: Chimalimidwa mmadera ena mdziko muno ngati chothandizira kudzidalira pachakudya, chimadyedwa ngati zokometsera komanso kugulitsidwa ngati makaka
English: The leaves are also used as relish (ndiwo). Cassava is also used as livestock feed. In addition, cassava is becoming a significant industrial crop as it is used as a binder in the timber industry, starch in the textile industry and in confectionary industry
Chichewa: Masamba ake amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati ndiwo. Chinangwa chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chakudya  cha ziweto. Kuphatikizira apa, kufunika kwa chinangwa ku mafakatile kukukula chifukwa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zomatira za matabwa, zoyeretsera poumba nsalu komanso zakudya zosangalatsa
English: The main advantages of growing cassava are its drought tolerance, ability to yield well on marginal soils, tolerance to some pests and diseases, minimal labour requirement and that yields fluctuate less compared to grain crops
Chichewa: Ubwino waukulu wolima chinangwa ndiwakuti chimapilira ku chilala, chimabereka ngakhale mmalo a dothi lopelewera, chimalipilira ku tizilombo ndi matenda ena, chimafuna antchito ochepa komanso zokolola sidzimasinthasintha kwambiri kufananiza ndi mbewu zina
English: There are currently 17 recommended varieties, fourteen of which are improved and the other three are local. The sweet varieties includes: Chamandanda, Chinangwa 1, Chinangwa 2, Mpale, Kalawe, and Mbundumali/Manyokola. Th e bitter varieties includes: Gomani, Chitembwere, Silira, Maunjiri, Mkondezi, Sauti, Yizaso, Phoso, Mulola, Sagonja, and Chiombola
Chichewa: Padakali pano pali mitundu khumi limodzi ndi mphambu zisanu ndi ziwiri ya chinangwa ndipo khumi limodzi ndi mphambu zinayi ndi yamakono koma itatu yotsalayo ndiyamakolo. Mitundu yotsekemera ndi monga: Chamandanda, Chinangwa 1, Chinangwa 2, Mpale, Kalawe ndi Mbundumali kapena Manyokola. Mitundu yowawa ndi monga: Gomani, Chitembwere, Silira, Maunjiri, Mkondezi, Sauti, Yizaso, Phoso, Mulola, Sagonja ndi Chiombola
English: Cassava stem storage technique is encouraged among smallholder farmers who store the harvested cassava stems until there is enough rains for planting in the next season
Chichewa: Kusunga mitengo yachinangwa kumalimbikitsidwa pakati pa alimi ang'onoang'ono omwe amasunga mitengo ya chinangwa akakolola mpaka mvula yokwanira itagwa kuti abzale mnyengo yotsatira
English: Planting material should be free from insect pests such as cassava mealy bug and cassava scales; and diseases such as the cassava mosaic disease (CMD), cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) and cassava bacterial blight (CBB)
Chichewa: Nthambi zobzala zikhale zopanda tizilombo towononga mbewu monga Cassava mealy bug ndi cassava scales; ndipo zopanda matenda monga cassava mosaic disease, cassava brown streak disease ndi cassava bacterial blight
English: Cuttings should be obtained from the base to the middle portions of well matured plants of older than 9 months. For plants that are 12 months or more the base should not be used for growing as it will have been lignified. Cuttings to be planted should be 25 to 30 cm long
Chichewa: Ziduswa zachinangwa zitengedwe kuyambira pansi kufika pakati pa mitengo yokhwima bwino yomwe ili ndi miyezi yopitilira isanu ndi inayi. Mbewu zomwe zili ndi miyezi khumi ndi iwiri kapena kupitilira apo, tsinde lamunsi lisagwiritsidwe ntchito chifukwa limakhala logwirana kwambiri. Ziduswa zobzalidwa zitalike 25cm kufika 30cm
English: This is a serious cassava insect pest in the country. Symptoms of infestation include: leaf curl, shortened internodes, bunchy tops, stunted growth and complete defoliation
Chichewa: Iti ndi tizilombo tosautsa ta chinangwa mdziko muno. Zizindikiro zogwidwa ndi tizilomboti ndi monga: kukhwinyata kwa masamba, kufupika mphindo, kuchita mafutu kumwamba, kupinimbira kukula komanso kugwa kwamasamba onse
English: The plants should be checked for the presence of an insect which is covered by a waxy mealy-like substance, hence the name mealy bug.
Chichewa: Mbewu zipimidwe pofuna kudziwa ngati tizilombo tilipo tomwe takutidwa ndi utoto waphalaphala, nchifukwa chake dzila la mealy bug
English: No chemical control measures are advocated at the moment. The impact of the mealy bug on cassava is reduced by use of clean planting materials, early planting, restricting movement of cuttings from affected areas and biological control
Chichewa: Mankhwala ena aliwonse salimbikitsidwa padakali pano. Kuopsa kwa mealy bug kuchinangwa kumachepetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ziduswa zobzala zosagwidwa ndi tizilombo, kubzala mofulimira, kuchepetsa kugawana mbewu kuchokera dera lomwe kuli tizilomboti komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zachilengedwe
English: Early planting will enable the crop to establish and form roots by the onset of the dry season before the cassava mealy bug population starts increasing and causing significant damage
Chichewa: Kubzala moyambilira kumathandiza mbewu kuchita mizu kumayambiliro a nyengo yamvula chiwerengero cha tizilombo ta cassava mealy bug chisanayambe kukwera ndikuwononga kwambiri
English: It should be noted that biological control is a slow method of containing the pest and results may take some time to be effective. Farmers, therefore, are encouraged to strictly follow the recommended cultural practices
Chichewa: Dziwani kuti kuteteza munjira zachilengedwe ndi njira yapang'onopang'ono yothanirana ndi tizilombo ndipo zotsatira zikhoza kutenga nthawi kuti zioneke. Choncho alimi akulimbikitsidwa kutsatira mwatotomoyo ndondomeko zakasamalidwe koyenera
English: These are sucking insects and their feeding habit is not very destructive. They are important because they transmit the cassava mosaic and brown streak virus diseases. Control is aimed at the disease and not the insect pest. Use of clean planting materials is advocated
Chichewa: Iti ndi tizilombo toyamwa mbewu ndipo njira zawo zodyera ndizosawononga kwambiri. Ndizofunikira chifukwa zimafalitsa matenda a cassava mosaic komanso brown streak virus. Kuthana nazo kumafuna kuletsa kufala kwa matendawo osati tizilomboto. Kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu yopanda tizilombo kukulimbikitsidwa
English: After the cassava crop has reached maturity, the quality of roots of most varieties often deteriorates after 15 months of growth
Chichewa: Mbewu yachinangwa ikakhwima, ubwino wa mitsitsi pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kumatsika pakadutsa miyezi khumi ndi isanu ndi umodzi
English: They should therefore be harvested on time. Processing cassava roots and leaves leads to a reduction in cyanide toxicity, improvement of palatability, conversion of the perishable roots and leaves into stable products, which can store for an extended period of time
Chichewa: Motero iyenera kukololedwa mthawi yabwino. Kusamala mitsitsi yachinangwa komanso masamba kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ululu wa cyanide, kumachulukitsa kakomedwe, kumasintha mitsitsi ndi masamba zomwe sidzichedwa kuwonongeka kukhala zokhalitsa zomwe zingasungidwe kwanthawi yayitali
English: Farmers using sweet varieties should process their cassava roots using the cassava chip (makaka) methods if the end product is to be used for human consumption
Chichewa: Alimi omwe akugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yotsekemera asamale chinangwa potsatira njira yopanga makaka ngati chili choti anthu adzadye
English: For bitter varieties farmers should process cassava using either heap fermentation as is done in Mulanje or submerged fermentation as is done in Nkhotakota and Nkhata Bay. For Industrial use such as in timber and textile industry, use cassava chips (makaka) for both bitter and sweet varieties
Chichewa: Pa mitundu yowawa, alimi asamale chinangwa pogwiritsa ntchito ku njira younjika ngati mmene achitira ku Mulanje kapena kunyika mmadzi ngati mmene achitira ku Nkhotakota ndi Nkhata Bay. Ngati ndichofunika popanga matabwa kapena nsalu, gwiritsani ntchito makaka a chinangwa chowawa kapena chitsekemeta
English: Cassava roots are highly perishable. They are best left in the field and harvested as required. It is recommended that the cassava roots once harvested should be stored in a processed form.
Chichewa: Mizu yachinangwa imawonongeka msanga. Kusunga kwabwino ndikusiya mmunda momwemo ndikulolola pomwe chinangwa chafunika. Ndikoyenera kuti chinangwa chomwe chakololedwa chisungidwe popanga zinthu zomwe zikufunikazo
English: Farmers should store cassava chips (makaka) in cool dry places after packing them in gunny bags. Cassava chips (makaka) should be stored in mudded nkhokwes.
Chichewa: Alimi asunge makaka pamalo ouma atalongedza mmatumba a masaka. Makaka asungidwe munkhokwe zophomedwa ndi matope
English: To avoid weevil damage apply 25 g of Actellic Super Dust to 50kg makaka or 25g of Super grain dust to 50kg of makaka
Chichewa: Popewa kuwonongeka ndi nankafumbwe, thirani Actellic Super Dust pamulingo wa 25g ku thumba lolemera 50kg lamakaka
English: Sweetpotato is widely grown in the country as a food security and cash crop. It is mainly eaten as a snack. Orange fleshed varieties are a good source of vitamin A. Leaves of Sweetpotato are used as relish (ndiwo) and are good source of vitamin A
Chichewa: Mbata imalimidwa kwambiri mdziko muno ngati chakudya komanso yogulitsa. Imadyedwa ngati chosangalatsa. Mitundu yambatata yachikasu ndiyabwino chifukwa imapeleka vitamin A. Masamba a mbatata amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ndiwo ndipo amapeleka vitamin A
English: For root production, the ridges should be spaced at 90cm and planting stations at 30cm. This gives a plant population of 38,000 plants per hectare
Chichewa: Kuti mitsitsi ichite bwino, mizere italikirane 90cm ndipo mapando atalikirane 30cm. Izi zimabweretsa chiwerengero cha mbewu 38,000 pa hectare
English: Place two thirds of the cutting deep in the soil on ridges. Where white grubs are a problem, do not plant on soils rich in organic matter
Chichewa: Kumbirani mawo awiri pa magawo atatu a mtawi wambatata mdothi pamzere. Komwe mbozi zoyera zili vuto, musabzale mdothi lomwe liri ndi chonde chambiri
English: Soils which are water logged should be avoided. For seed production, beds are recommended. Standard bed is 20m x 1m. The bed will require 5 bundles (1 bundle 100 cuttings of 30 cm long)
Chichewa: Dothi la lowe lipewedwe. Polima mbewu, mabedi ndi oyenera. Mabedi atalike 20mx1m. Bed limafuna mitolo 5 ya mitawi yambatata ndipo mtolo uliwonse pamakhala mitawi 100 yotalika 30cm
English: Sweetpotato should be planted with the first planting rains. Where rainfall is not reliable, planting should be completed by mid-January.This enables the crop to establish while there is still adequate moisture in the soil
Chichewa: Mbatata ibzalidwe ndi mvula yoyamba. Komwe mvula ndiyosadalilika, kubzala kukhale kutatha pofika mkati mwa mwezi wa January. Izi zimathandiza kuti mbewu iphuke pamene nthawi yomwe padakali chinyezi chokwanira mdothi
English: Farmers who plant their Sweetpotatoes in dimba gardens like in the Shire Valley flood plain should plant their crop as soon as water has receded. This ensures enough residual moisture for the crop to establish well
Chichewa: Alimi omwe amabzala mbatata kuminda yakudambo monga mmalo osefukira madzi kuchigwa cha Shire abzale mbewu yawo pamene madzi aphwera. Izi zimathandiza kuti pakhale chinyezi chokwanira kuti mbewu iphuke bwino
English: This is the most destructive insect pest of Sweetpotato. Even very low populations reduce quality of the tubers
Chichewa: Uwu ndu mtundu woononga kwambiri wa tizilombo ta mbatata. Ngakhale chiwerengero chochepa kwambiri chimachepetsa ubwino wa mitsitsi
English: In response to weevil feeding, the crop produces bitter testing and toxic substance which render stored roots unfit for human consumption. The problem is more prevalent during the dry season
Chichewa: Pofuna kupewa kuwonongedwa ndi nankafumbwe, mbewu imatulutsa zinthu zowawa komanso zokupha zimene zimapangitsa kuti mitsitsi yomwe yasingidwa isakhale yoyenera kudyedwa ndi anthu. Vutoli limakula mu nyengo ya dzuwa
English: Control is by practicing crop rotation, use of resistant varieties namely: Yoyera, Babache, Kenya, Kakoma, Semusa, Mugamba, Tainoni, filling cracks when the roots start bulking, and timely harvesting. 
Chichewa: Kuthana nazo ndi kutsatsira kulima mwakasinthasintha, kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zopilira kumatenda zomwe mayina awo ndi: Babache, Kenya, Kakoma, Semusa, Mugamba, Tainini; kukwilira ming'alu pamene mitsitsi ukufufuma komanso kukolola nthawi yoyenera.
English: Potatoes locally known as Kachewere grow successfully in areas of high altitude, which have a cool climate and adequate rainfall. These areas include Tsangano, Neno, Dedza, Shire Highlands, Viphya Plateau, Ntchisi, Mchinji, Phoka and Misuku Hills
Chichewa: Mbatata yomwe imadziwika bwino kuti kachewere imalimidwa mmadera okwera, omwe ali ndi nyengo yozizira komanso mvula yokwanira. Madera amenewa ndi monga Tsangano, Neno, Dedza, madera okwera a Shire, Viphya, Ntchisi, Mchinii, Phoka ndi Misuku
English: In these areas it is an important cash and food crop. The bulk of the crop is consumed in urban and semi urban areas where it is an important component of the diet
Chichewa: Mmadera amenewa, ndi mbewu yofunika yopezetsa ndalama komanso chakudya. Zokolola  zambiri zimadyedwa mmadera a mmizinda ikuluikulu komwe ili gawo limodzi lofunikira la zakudya
English: Soils should be free-draining, deep and rich in organic matter with soil acidity of pH5.0 to 6.5. Avoid rocky soils, which deform developing tubers
Chichewa: Dothi likhale lotaya madzi, lakuya komanso lachonde chambiri lokhala ndi kuwawasira kwa 5.0 mpaka 6.5. Pewani dothi la miyala, lomwe limabweretsa ulumali wa mbatata
English: After ridging make grooves on top of ridges 15cm deep. Apply between 12.5 and 25 tonnes of compost or khola manure per hectare using one to two 20 liters’ tins for every 8 metres (8 steps) along the grooves
Chichewa: Mizere ikapangidwa, kumbani ngalande pamwamba pa mizere yakuya 15cm. Thirani 12.5 mpaka 25 tonnes yamanyowa pa hectare pogwiritsa ntchito ndowa za 20L pamtunda uliwonse mu ngalandemo
English: Apply 200kg of D compound per hectare. Apply the fertilizer in the grooves and cover the fertilizer and manure with about 5 cm of soil
Chichewa: Thirani fertilizer wa D coumpound wokwana makilogalamu 200. Thirani fertlizer mmayenjemo ndipo kwilirani fertilizer ndi manyowa ndi dothi lakuya 5cm
English: Three to four weeks after crop emergence, top dress with 200kg of CAN per hectare. Apply 20g per meter of ridge length using 5 cupfuls of cup No.5. Top dressing is done by applying the fertilizer along the plant rows on the ridge and working it into the soil
Chichewa: Sabata zitatu kufika zinayi pamene mbewu yamera, thirani malikogalamu 200 a fertilizer wobereketsa wa CAN pa hectare. Thirani magalamu 20 ma ntunda wa 1m wa mzere pogwiritsa ntchito kapu nambala 5 poyidzadza kasanu. Kuthira fertilizer kuchitike pothira fertilizer yo molondola makako a mbewu  pamzere ndikusakaniza ndi dothi
English: A potato field should be weeded twice during the growing season. When the crop is crowding occasional weeds should be uprooted by hand
Chichewa: Munda wa mbatata upalilidwe kawiri nthawi yokula mbatata. Pamene mbewu ikufunga, tchire lomwe imabwera patalipatali lidzulidwe ndi manja
English: Hoe weeding later in the growing season is not economical and moving in the field when the crop is very dense assists in spreading viruses. Earth up to cover developing tubers and to prevent tuber moth infestation
Chichewa: Kupalira ndi khasu mochedwa kumaononga ndalama ndipo kuyenda mmunda pamene yafunga kwambiri kumabweretsa matenda. Kwilirani mitsitsi yomwe ikung'amba dothi pofuna kupewa kuti mitsitsi igwidwa ndi agulugufe
English: The potato crop is mature when leaves turn naturally yellow or the top dies off. If the crop must be harvested before it fully matures, the tops should be cut off at least 2 weeks before harvest
Chichewa: Kachewere amakhwima pamene masamba ayamba kuoneka mwachikasu kapena msonga zauma. Ngati mbewu ndiyofunika kukolola isanakhwimwe moyenera, msonga zidulidwe pafupifupi sabata ziwiri musanakokole
English: This allows tuber skins to harden so that they are not damaged during harvesting. When harvesting tubers, they should be dug from the sides of the ridges not from above to avoid tuber damage. After harvesting avoid exposing the tubers to rain or any moist conditions
Chichewa: Izi zimapeleka mpata kuti khungu likhwime motero zisamaonongeke pokolola. Pokolola, ikumbidwe kuchikera mbali mwa mzere, osati pamwamba pa nzere popewa kuwononga mbatatesi. Pambuyo pokolola, pewani kuyika mbatatesi pamvula kapena malo achinyezi aliwonse
English: Potatoes meant for consumption are termed ware potato. Potato for consumption should be stored in darkness (dark store or dark containers)
Chichewa: Mbatatesi zomwe ndi zakudya zimatchedwa mbatatesi zosunga. Mbatatesi zosunga zisungidwe pamalo amdima, munkhokwe kapena pamalo a mdima
English: This is to avoid greening of tubers. Green tubers are not good for consumption because they contain a toxic substance
Chichewa: Izi zimathandiza kupewa mbatatesi kusintha kukhala yobiliwira. Mbatatesi yobiliwira siyabwino kudya chifukwa imakhala ndi zinthu zoyipa
English: Storage does not improve quality of the potatoes therefore best quality crop should be stored from the start
Chichewa: Kusunga mbatatesi sikumaonjezera kakomedwe kake choncho mbatatesi zabwino zisungidwe kuyambira kumayambiliro
English: Potatoes are usually 80% water and keeping potato means keeping water in tubers. The shelf life of potatoes for consumption can be prolonged by keeping them at low temperatures less than 9oC
Chichewa: Mbatatesi zimakhala 80% madzi ndipo kusunga mbatatesi kumathanthauza kusunga madzi mmitsitsi. Nthawi yosungira mbatatesi zachakudya ingatalikitsiddwe podzisunga pamalo ozizira osafika 9oC
English: The use of modified potato storage structures is practically recommended under Malawi conditions. Under smallholder storage systems, these are double walled nkhokwes
Chichewa: Kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono zosungira kukulimbikitsidwa potsatira nyengo yaku Malawi. Njira zosungira za alimi ang'onoang'ono zimatsatira nkhokwe zamakoma awiri
English: Storage of seed potato is different from that of ware potato. Good seed storage practices should aim at retaining seed potato tubers’ vigor, health and other good planting materials attributes
Chichewa: Kusunga mbatatesi yambewu ndikosiyana ndikusunga mbatatesi yachakudya. Njira zabwino zosungira zionetsetse kuti zisunge mphamvu yambatatesi, umoyo wake komanso zina zonse zoyenera kuti ikhale mbewu yabwino
English: Potato tubers for seed should be stored in Diffused Light Store so that when they start sprouting (‘germinating’), the sprouts will grow slowly, vigorously and will be stronger
Chichewa: Mbatatesi zambewu zisungidwe pamalo ofika kuwala kochepa ndi cholinga chakuti zikayamba kuphuka, mphukira zidzikula pang'onopang'ono, mwathanzi komanso mwamphamvu
English: A barn- like structure 8m x 4m x 3m with open sides and a low-hanging roof that allows in diffused light is used for the storage of seed potatoes
Chichewa: Nkhokwe ya 8mx4mx3m yotsegula mmbali komanso yadenga lammunsi lomwe limalola kuwala kulowa mochepa igwiritsidwe ntchito posunga mbatatesi yambewu
English: The walls are made of split bamboo to allow some light in. Once green and under cool conditions, seed potato can store for 3 months
Chichewa: Makoma akhale a nsungwi zong'amba kuti kuwala kudzitha kulowa. Zikasanduka zobiliwira komanso nyengo ikakhala yozizira, mbewu imasungidwa kwa miyezi itatu
English: Varieties own dormancy assist in lengthening the life span of the tubers. The structures can be seen at Bembeke Research Station in Dedza
Chichewa: Kuthekera kwa mtundu wa mbewu kusiya kukula kumathandiza kutalikitsa moyo wa mbewu. Zipangizozi zimaoneka pa malo ochitira kafukufuku ku Bembeke ku Dedza