dmatekenya/chichewa-machine-translation huggingface dataset:
English: Drip irrigation is best for individual plants such as trees or widely spaced row crops like vegetables
Chichewa: Mthilira wodontheza ndiwabwino kwa mbewu imodzi imodzi monga mitengo kapena mbewu zamizere yotalikirana monga ndiwo zamasamba
English: It is not suitable for close growing crops such as maize since density of pipes on the field will be high and therefore the cost will be very high
Chichewa: Siwabwino ku mbewu zothithikana monga chimanga chifukwa kuthithikana kwa mapayipi mmunda kukhala kokwera ndipo ndalama zogwiritsa ntchito zikhalanso zochuluka
English: It is better to consider more advanced technologies where there is a good reason to reject surface irrigation
Chichewa: Ndibwino kulingalira njira zamakono ngati pali zifukwa zokwanira zikanira mthilira wapamwamba
English: The high cost of purchasing and maintaining high technology equipment, and the difficulty of finding spare parts and training users to operate and maintain equipment correctly may make them unsuitable
Chichewa: Mtengo wokwera wogulira ndi kusamala zipangizo zamakono, komanso kuvutika kupeza zipangizo zobwezeretsa zina zikatha kuphatikiza kuphunzitsa ogwiritsa ntchito kuti adzigwiritsa ntchito ndi kusamala zida moyenera zingapangitse njira imeneyo kukhala yosayenera
English: Small-scale surface irrigation systems usually need less sophisticated equipment for both construction and maintenance, except in the case of pump purchase and installation. The equipment is often cheap and easy to maintain
Chichewa: Mthilira wapamwamba wamalo ochepa kwambiri sufuna zida zovuta kwambiri kumanga komanso kusamala, kupatula ngati pali kugula ndi kuyika ma pump. Nthawi zambiri zida ndisakwera mtengo komanso zosavuta kusamala
English: The choice of an irrigation method should take into account of any irrigation traditions within the target area
Chichewa: Chisankho cha njira yamthilira chiunikire njira zamthilira zamakolo zomwe zilipo mderalo
English: In selecting irrigation method both the startup and the running costs must be calculated to see the long-term benefits
Chichewa: Posankha njira yamthilira, werengetserani ndalama zofunika kuyamba ndi kuyendetsa njirayo kuti muone phindu pakutha kwa nthawi
English: A method can have high startup costs (high investment) but with low running costs
Chichewa: Njira ikhoza kukhala yofuna ndalama zambiri pachiyambi koma kuyendetsa kwake kukhala kofuna ndalama zochepa chabe
English: Therefore it is important to calculate properly all these costs. Labour and energy requirements must also be considered when selecting an irrigation system
Chichewa: Motero nkofunika kuwerengetsera modekha zonse zofuna ndalama. Antchito ndi mphamvu zamagetsi ziganiziridwe posankha njira yamthilira
English: There are two broad based categories of technologies that are used for abstraction of irrigation water and these are river diversion and pumping.
Chichewa: Pali magulu awiri akuluakulu a njira zamakono zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potenga madzi othilira ndipo izi ndi kupatutsa mtsinje kapena kupopa
English: River diversion - This technology takes advantage of gravity. Where the water source is at a higher elevation than the field, water is let to flow by gravity
Chichewa: Kupatutsa mtsinje- njira iyi imadalira kuti chinthu cholemera chimagwa chimagwa chikasiyidwa mmalele. Pomwe pochokera madzi ndi pamalo okwera kuposa munda, madzi adzitsetsereka chifukwa cha kulemera
English: The water is diverted from a stream or reservoir and conveyed to the field through canals or pipes
Chichewa: Madzi amapatutsidwa kuchokera mumtsinje kapena malo osungira madzi ndikupititsidwa kuminda kudzera mu ngalande kapena ma payipi
English: Schemes that make use of gravity are attractive because of their lower operating costs and ease of use
Chichewa: Minda ya mthilira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito kutsetsereka kwa madzi ndi yabwino chifukwa siyofuna ndalama zambiri komanso yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito
English: Where the difference in elevation between the water source and the field is very big, sprinkler systems can also be operated by gravity
Chichewa: Pomwe kusiyana kwa mtunda pakati pa malo omwe madzi akuchokera kupita kumunda ndi kwakukulu, mthilira wa sprinkler ungathe kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yakutsetsereka kwa madzi
English: Pumping - There are many types of water pumps being used for irrigation. Each pump type has different characteristics and capabilities
Chichewa: Kupopa madzi- Pali mitundu yambiri ya zida zopopera madzi zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa mthilira. Mtundu uliwonse wa chida chopopera uli ndi zizindikiro komanso kuthekera kosiyana
English: Manual water pumps may vary in their performance and suitability for use in the field. Some pumps are heavier than others
Chichewa: Zida zopopera madzi zodalira mphambu za anthu zimasiyana kagwiridwe kake ka ntchito ndipo kuyenera kogwiritsa ntchito kumunda. Zida zina zopopera madzi ndizolemera kuposa zina
English: The effort required to operate the pump also varies between different models and designs
Chichewa: Mphamvu zofunika kugwiritsa ntchito chida chopopera madzi zinasiyana pakati pa mitundu ndi kaoangidwe kosiyanasiyana
English: Manual pumps cost less than electric, petrol or diesel powered pumps, but the quantity of water (discharge) they produce is many times lower
Chichewa: Zida zopopera madzi zodalira mphhamvu za anthu ndizosakwera mtengo kuposa zodalira magetsi ndi mafuta a galimoto koma kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe zimatulutsa ndi ochepa kwambiri
English: For a farmer wanting to irrigate a small area (less than 0.2 ha per day from a shallow well water source less than 4 m below the surface) a manual pump can be a good choice because of its low purchase and operating costs
Chichewa: Kwa mlimi yemwe akufuna kuthilira malo ochepa (osaposera 0.2 hectare pa tsiku kuchokera pa chitsime chomwe madzi ake ali pa mtunda wosaposera 4m kuchokera pamwamba) kugwiritsa ntchito chida chodalira mphamvu za anthu ndi chisankho chabwino chifukwa cha mtengo wake wotsika komanso kusavuta kugwiritsa ntchito
English: An example of the manual pump available in Malawi is a treadle pump. The average discharge from a treadle irrigation pump can vary between 0.4 to 1.2 litres per second depending on the person operating it and depth from which they are pumping water
Chichewa: Chitsanzo cha chida chodalira mphamvu ku Malawi ndi treadle pump. Mulingo wa madzi a mthilira womwe treadle pump imatulutsa umasintha pakati pa 0.4L mpaka 1.2L pa second kutengera ndi yemwe akugwiritsa ntchito komanso kuya kwa malo omwe akupopa madzi
English: The potential irrigated area for treadle pump is 0.3 of a hectare, but for the small Money Maker pump, it is 0.2 of a hectare
Chichewa: Malo omwe treadle pump ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi 0.3 hectare koma mtundu waung'ono wa Money Maker pump, malo ake ndi 0.2 hectare
English: Motorized pumps are water lifting devices that are propelled by diesel engines, petrol engines, electricity, solar power or wind power
Chichewa: Zida zopopera madzi zokzodalira engine ndi zida zomwe zimanyamula madzi mothandizidwa ndi engine ya mafuta a diesel ndi petrol kapena zogwiritsa ntchito magetsi, mphamvu yadzuwa kapena mphamvu yamphepo
English: Windpowered pumps have been demonstrated in Malawi on a small-scale. At present, they do not provide enough power to pump the volume of water required for irrigation. They are more appropriate for pumping water for domestic supply or for livestock
Chichewa: Ma pump ogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya mphepo awonetsedwapo ku Malawi pa mulingo wochepa. Padakali pano, samapeleka mphamvu zokwanira kupopa madzi okwanira kuthilira. Ndiwoyenera kupopa madzi wogwiritsa ntchito zapakhomo kapena kupatsita ziweto
English: An example of a motorized pump is radial flow pump commonly known as centrifugal pump. These are often described by the diameter of the delivery connection pipe, where the delivery hose is connected, for example 50 mm pump
Chichewa: Chitsanzo chabwino cha chida chodalira engine ndi radial flow pump yomwe imadziwika ndi dzinal lakuti centrifugal pump. Izi zimafotokozedwa ndi kukula kwa kamwa ya payipi yotenga madzi, pomwe payipi yotulutsa madzi yalumikizidwa, mwachitsanzo pump ya 50mm
English: In Malawi, these are found in two common sizes; small motorized of 5hp which can irrigate 3ha and 10hp for 6ha. Most of them are diesel operated
Chichewa: Ku Malawi, zimapezeka mitundu iwiri potengera kukula: yaying'pono ya 5hp yomwe ingathilire ma hectare atatu ndipo ya 10hp yothilira  ma hectare asanu ndi imodzi. Ambiri mwa iwo amagwiritsa ntchito diesel
English: A centrifugal pump can be used where pressure is required for example with sprinklers or drip
Chichewa: Centrifugal pump ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pomwe mphamvu ya mpweya ikufunika mwachitsanzo mu sprinkler ndi mdontheza
English: The operator should ensure that the pressure and discharge of the pump are matched to the requirements of a pressurized irrigation system to avoid wasteful use of fuel
Chichewa: Ogwiritsa ntchito aonetsetse kuti mphamvu ya mpweya komanso katulukidwe ka madzi ku pump kakugwirizana ndi zofunikira za zida zamthilira zogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yampweya pofuna kupewa kuononga mafuta
English: Petrol engines - These are generally small-sized engines operated by petrol and are portable because of low weight
Chichewa: Ma engine a petrol- Awa kwambiri amakhala aang'ono oyendera petrol ndipo amakhala onyamulika ndi manja chifukwa chopepuka
English: The advantages of using petrol engines include: Easy to move from one place to another because of low weight; They are cheaper compared to diesel engines
Chichewa: Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito engine ya petrol ndi monga: Yosavuta kunyamula kuchoka malo amodzi kupita kwina chifukwa ndiyopepuka; Mtengo wogulira ndiwotsika kwambiri kusiyana ndi engine ya diesel
English: The disadvantages include: They require more regular maintenance hence not long lasting as compared to diesel engines of similar sizes; They are designed to be operated for few hours (two to four hours) per a day hence restricted to small fields
Chichewa: Kuyipa kwake ndi monga: imafuna kukonza pafupipafupi motero simagwira ntchito nthawi yayitali kusiyana ndi engine ya diesel yofanana kakulidwe; zimakonzedwa kuti zigwire ntchito mmaola ochepa (maola awiri mpaka anayi) pa tsiku motero zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa minda yaying'ono
English: Diesel engines - These are generally heavy built and robust engines operated by diesel. The advantages of using diesel engines include: They are long lasting compared to petrol engines; They can operate for many hours a day hence suitable for irrigating large fields
Chichewa: Ma engine a diesel - nthawi zambiri amakhala olemera ndipo ampphamvu, oyendetsedwa ndi diesel. Ubwino wogwiritsa ntchito ma engine a diesel ndi monga: amagwira ntchito nthawi yayitali kufafaniza ndi ma engine a petrol; amagwira ntchito kwa maola ambiri pa tsiku kotero ndiwoyenera kuthilira minda ikuluikulu
English: Disadvantages of diesel engines: They are heavy hence not easy to move from one place to another; They are expensive compared to petrol engines
Chichewa: Kuyipa kwa ma engine a diesel: ndi olemera motero ndiwovuta kunyamula kuchoka malo amodzi kupita ena; ndi okwera mtengo kugula kusiyana ndi ma engine a petrol
English: Electrical Power - Where a reliable source of electricity supply is available, an electric motor is normally the most reliable source of power for pumping
Chichewa: Ogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi- komwe kuli magetsi yodalirika, engine ya magetsi ndi yokhayo  odalirika kugwiritsa ntchito ngati potengera mphamvu yopopera madzi
English: However, in Malawi, this option has proven to be a challenge for most smallholder farmers as they are unable to operate the pumps due to high electricity tariffs
Chichewa: Komabe ku Malawi njira iyi yaonetsa kuti ndiyovuta kwa alimi ang'onoang'ono pakuti amalephera kugwiritsa ntchito ma pump chifukwa chakukwera mtengo kwa magetsi
English: Solar Power-Solar-powered pumps have been demonstrated in Malawi on a small-scale. So far, they have proven to provide enough power to pump the volume of water required for irrigation with a discharge rate of up to 15 litres/sec
Chichewa: Ma pump ogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yadzuwa- awa awonetsedwa ku Malawi mochepa. Kufika pano, aonetsa kuti amapeleka mphamvu yokwanira kupopera madzi okwanira kuthilira mbewu popeza amatulutsa madzi kufika 15L pa second
English: However, this discharge depends on the number of solar panels installed and the water depth. So far potential areas where solar-powered pumps can be installed for irrigation are those along the lakeshore and the Shire Valley basin where the water table is high
Chichewa: Komabe, kupopa madzi kumadalira chiwerengero cha ma solar panels omwe ayikidwa komanso kuya kwa chitsime. Kufika pano, malo omwe ma pump a mthilira oyendera dzuwa angathe kuyikidwa ndi madera a mphepete mwa nyanja ndi ku chigwa cha Shire komwe madzi mudothi ndi okwera
English: The main advantage of using solar-powered pumps is that once installed, there are no operation costs as compared to other motorized pumps which require fuel or electricity to operate
Chichewa: Ubwino waukulu wogwiritsa ntchito ma pump oyendera dzuwa ndiwakuti, akangoyikidwa palibenso zolira ndalama kuti agwire ntchito kuyerekeza ndi ma pump ena onse omwe amafuna mafuta kapena magetsi kuti agwire ntchito
English: The challenge is high installation costs for the panels and farmers have to provide adequate security against theft of the solar panels and pump accessories
Chichewa: Vuto lalikulu ndi ndalama zochuluka zogulira ma solar panel ndipo alimi akuyenera kupeleka chitetezo chokwanira kuopa kubedwa kwa ma solar panel ndi zipangizo za pump
English: To ensure that there is a sustainable irrigation development it is important to consider developing the capacity in the irrigation sub sector
Chichewa: Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti ulimi wa mthilira ukutukuka, ndikofunika kuganizira zotukula kuthekera pa ntchitozi
English: This involves the public sector, the private sector and the farmers themselves. Irrigation service providers need to be equipped with knowledge and skills on modern methods of irrigation
Chichewa: Izi zimaphatikiza ntchito za boma, ntchito zomwe sizaboma, komanso alimi eni ake. Opeleka ntchito za mthilira akuyenera kukhala ndi upangiri komanso luso la njira za mthilira zamakono
English: To protect the environment from impacts of unplanned irrigation development the following measures should be taken: Drainage of irrigated lands should be well planned during the initial phase of irrigation development
Chichewa: Poteteza chilengedwe ku mtchitidwe woyamba mthilira mosakonzekera, njira zotsatirazi zitengedwe: Ntchito zonse zochotsa madzi pamalo a mthilira zifotokozedwe pachiyambi pamene pakukonzedwa dongosolo la mthilira
English: Encourage developers to conduct Environmental Impact Assessment on their irrigation development projects; Encourage developers to mitigate adverse impacts of irrigation
Chichewa: Kulimbikitsa okonza minda ya mthilira kuchita kafukufuku wa mmene ntchito za mthilira zikhuzire zachilengedwe; kulimbikitsa okonza ntchito za mthilira kuyika njira zopewera kapena kuthana ndi zovuta zobwera chifukwa cha mthilira
English: Preservation and conservation of the catchment area to the irrigation systems for instance through afforestation and construction of soil conservation structures
Chichewa: Kusamala komanso kuteteza malo omwe madzi a mthilira akuchokera mwachitsanzo pobzala mitengo ndikumanga zipangizo zotetezera dothi
English: Development of irrigation infrastructure influences soil erosion, as such government recommends that cultivation along rivers should be done 30m away from river banks
Chichewa: Kumanga zipangizo za mthilira kumaonjezera kukokoloka kwa dothi, motero boma limalangiza kuti kulima mbewu mphepete mwa mtsinje kuchitike pamtunda wa 30m kuchokera mumtsinje
English: The lower part of the developed area should be managed as indicated under river bank protection
Chichewa: Kumunsi kwa malo omwe akonzedwa kusamalidwe monga mmene mungasamalire mphepete mwa mtsinje
English: For the irrigation projects to be sustainable over time it is important that the beneficiaries should be empowered. This can be done through group mobilization and development
Chichewa: Zitukuko za mthilira kuti zikhale zokhalitsa komanso zosaononga chilengedwe, ndikofunika kuti onse omwe akupindula akhale ndi kuthekera. Izi zikhoza kuchitika kudzera kupanga magulu komanso kuwaphunzitsa
English: Beneficiaries should take part in all the stages of setting up the irrigation development. Contributions towards the costs of putting up structures should be sourced from the beneficiaries and this can be in kind like provision of labour and other materials
Chichewa: Omwe akupindula atenge mbali pa pamagawo onse a zochitika zokhadzikitsa ntchito za mthilira. Msonkhamsonkha wandalama zokhadzikitsira zipangizo uchokere kwa anthu opindula ndipo izi zikhoza kukhala monga ogwira ntchito kapena zinthu zina kupatula ndalama
English: In doing this the beneficiaries will be self-reliant and take full responsibility of ownership of the project and they will not want to see it fail
Chichewa: Pochita izi opindula adzakhala odzidalira okha ndipo adzatenga udindo woyendetsa ntchito ndipo zadzafuna kuti aone ntchito ikulephereka
English: Advisory services on irrigation may be sourced from the nearest staff of Ministry of Agriculture, Non Governmental Organisations, Private companies or Farmer organisations wherever appropriate
Chichewa: Ntchito za ulangizi wa mthilira zingathe kupezedwa mwa alangizi omwe ali pafupi ochokera ku unduna wa malimidwe, mabungwe omwe siaboma, makampani omwe siaboma kapena magulu a alimi kutengera chomwe chili choyenera
English: Farm work drudgery is common among smallholder farmers. The majority of farmers use hand tools such as hoes for agricultural cultivation
Chichewa: Kugwira ntchito zolemetsa zakumunda kumachitika nthawi zambiri pakati pa alimi ang'onoang'ono. Alimi ang'onoang'ono amagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zogwira ndi manja monga makasu pobzala zakumunda
English: Agricultural mechanization is required to reduce the drudgery in order to improve productivity and production
Chichewa: Kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono monga makina a ulimi ndikofunika pofuna kuchepetsa ntchito zolemetsa za alimi ndi cholinga chopititsa patsogolo phindu ndi zokolola
English: Agricultural operations such as land preparation, planting, irrigation, weed control, harvesting, transportation and post-harvest processing can be improved with agricultural mechanization.
Chichewa: Ntchito za ulimi monga kukonza minda, kubzala, kuthilira, kuthana ndi tchire, kukolola, kunyamula ndi kusamala zokolola zikhoza kupita patsogolo pogwiritsa ntchito makina a olimira
English: The national aim is to increase number of farmers using agricultural mechanization equipment in order to improve productivity and production
Chichewa: Cholinga cha dziko ndi kuchulikitsa chiwerengero cha alimi omwe akugwiritsa ntchito zida zamakono za ulimi pofuna kupititsa patsogolo phindu komanso zokolola
English: To achieve the national aim, the following strategies are pursued: Provision of tractor and draught animal power services for hire at subsidized rate in order to reduce drudgery of farm operations and improve agricultural productivity
Chichewa: Pofuna kukwaniritsa cholinga cha dziko, ndondomeko zotsatirazi zitsatiridwe: Kupeleka ntchito za tractor ndi mphamvu za zinyama zobwereketsa pamtengo wotsika pofuna kuchepetsa kulemedwa ndi ntchito zakumunda ndi kupititsa patsogolo ntchito za ulimi
English: Training staff and farmers in management and utilization of agricultural machinery and draught animals
Chichewa: Kuphunzitsa ogwira ntchito ndi alimi pa kasamalidwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka makina a ulimi komanso zinyama zothandizira kugwira ntchito zakumunda
English: Promoting appropriate technologies with emphasis on both manually-operated and animal-powered machinery in order to encourage development of agro-industries in rural areas, such as fruit juice and oil extracting machines. Reduce post-harvest losses through improved agro-processing technologies.
Chichewa: Kupititsa patsogolo njira zamakono potsindika njira zodalira mphamvu za anthu komanso zodalira mphamvu za zinyama ndi cholinga chofuna kulimbikitsa kuyambitsa ntchito za zamalonda za ulimi mmadera akumidzi, monga zida zofinyira zipatso ndi kuwengera mafuta. Kuchepetsa kuonongeka kwa zokolola pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zokonzera zokolola
English: In order to increase farm power availability, government has been running farm mechanization schemes since 1999
Chichewa: Pofuna kuchulukitsa kupezeka kwa mphamvu pamunda, boma lakhala likuyendetsa ndondomeko zopezera makina a ulimi kuyambira 1999
English: These are the tractor hire and oxenization schemes. The purpose of the schemes is to increase access to farm mechanization services by smallholder and medium scale farmers
Chichewa: Izi ndi ndondomeko zobwereketsa ma tractor ndi ng'ombe zolima. Cholinga cha ndondomeko zimenezi ndi kuchulukitsa kufikirika kwa zida ndi zipangizo zamakono za ulimi ndi alimi ang'onoang'ono
English: Tractor Hire Scheme - The scheme is operated with the view of ensuring tractor services availability, adaptability, affordability and accessibility to all eligible farmers
Chichewa: Ndondomeko zobwereketsera ma tractor- Ndondomekoyi ikuchitika pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti ntchitozi zikupezeka, ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito, zosafuna ndalama zambiri komanso zikufikirika ndi alimi onse oyenera
English: It operates throughout the country at ADD and District Agriculture Offices as hiring centres. The scheme mostly targets those that have no access to motorized mechanization
Chichewa: Zikuchitika mdziko muno kudzera mma ADD ndi mthambi ya zamalimidwe mmaboma onse ngati malo obwereketsera. Ndondomekoyi kwambiri imafuna omwe alibe kuthekera kopeza makina oyendera engine
English: Oxenization Scheme-The scheme was established to serve smallholder farmers with small and fragmented fields. It provides land preparation and transportation services to smallholder farmers. The scheme is operational at EPA level
Chichewa: Ndondomeko yogwiritsa ntchito ng'ombe zolima- Ndondomekoyi inakhadzikitsidwa kuti itumikire alimi ang'onoang'ono omwe ali ndi minda ing'onoing'ono komanso yotalikirana. Imapeleka ntchito zokonzera mminda komanso zonyamula katundu kwa alimi ang'onoang'ono. Ndondomekoyi ikugwira ntchito pa EPA
English: Tractor Hire Scheme - Field operation and maintenance of tractors and farm machinery: The tractor is a prime-mover which can be used for carrying out farm operations such as ploughing, harrowing, seeding, inter-cultivation, harvesting, transportation, land levelling and operating stationary machines (irrigation pumps, threshers, chaff cutters, cane crusher etc.)
Chichewa: Ndondomeko yobwereketsera ma tractor- kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kusamala ma tractor ndi zida za ulimi: Tractor ndi chida champhamvu chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pogwira ntchito zakumunda monga kutembenuza dothi, kuswa dothi likululikulu, kusalaza komanso kugwiritsa ntchito makina omwe aangoyima monga ma pump a mthilira, zomenyera mbewu, zodulira zakudya za ziweto, zophwanyira mzimbe ndi zina zotero
English: All the machines require periodical servicing, maintenance and repairs for efficient and economical performance throughout working life. Although, most of the tractor manufacturers have appointed their dealers
Chichewa: Makina onse akufunika kukonzedwa, kusamalidwa komanso kusintha zomwe zawonongeka kawirikawiri kuti adzigwira ntchito moyenera komanso mosafuna ndalama zambiri pamoyo wawo wonse. Ngakhale ambiri mwa okonza ma tractor anapeza makampani ena kuti adzikonza ma tractor awo akaonongeka
English: Due to improper maintenance and servicing of the tractors, it has been found that many tractors have been rendered unserviceable within a short period of time, 5000 tractor hours or even less
Chichewa: Chifukwa chosasamala ndi kusakonza moyenera ma tractor, zapezeka kuti ma tractor ambiri akulephera kukonzeka patatha nthawi yochepa, ena sanafike maola 5000
English: Seizures of engine due to lack of oil in the sump and overheating of engine due to inadequate water in the radiator are common troubles
Chichewa: Kuthima kwa engine kosayembekezera chifukwa chosowa mafuta mu sump komanso kutentha kwambiri kwa engine chifukwa chakupelewera mdzi mu radiator ndi mavuto opezeka nthawi zambiri
English: Damage of front wheel bearings and other moving parts due to improper lubrication and adjustments have also been noted
Chichewa: Kuonongeka kwa ma bearing akutsogolo ndi zigawo zina zomwe zimazungulira chifukwa chosathira mafuta ofewetsera komanso kusuntha moyenera zadziwika
English: Most of the tractors are equipped with gauges and meters such as fuel pressure gauge, oil pressure gauge, water temperature gauge, hour meter, hydraulic pressure gauge and temperature gauge to indicate their operating conditions. Starter switch, light switch, horn button, fuel cut off controls is also fixed on many tractors
Chichewa: Ma tractor ambiri anayikidwa zipangizo zoonetsa ndi kuyeza mulingo monga zoyezera mafuta oyendetsera engine, zoyezera mafuta ofewetsera engine, zoyezera kutentha kwa madzi, zoyezera nthawi, hydraulic pressure gause ndi zoyezera kutentha kuti zidzionetsa kagwiridwe ntchito ka tractor. Zipangizo zoyatsira engine, zoyatsira nyale, zolizira beru, zodulira kuyenda kwa mafuta  zimayikidwanso mma tractor ambiri
English: The tractor is also provided with throttle or accelerator lever/ pedal, clutch pedal/ lever, brake pedal/ lever, gear shift lever (main & auxiliary), steering wheel/ lever, hydraulic control, PTO pulley lever, diff erential lock/ pedal/ lever etc. to exercise control on different operations
Chichewa: Tractor ilinso ndi chopondera moto, chosinthira ma giya, chopondera ma brake, shift lever, chiwongolero, hydraulic control, PTO pulley, differential lock/pedal/lever ndi zina zotero zothandizira kuyendetsa zonse pa tractor
English: Daily check points for starting and safety in tractor are: Check fuel in fuel tank; Check coolant/water level in the radiator, or inspect cooling fans on air cooled models of tractor
Chichewa: Zoyenera kupima tsiku ndi tsiku poyatsa komanso pachitetezo cha mutractor ndi: pimani kuchuluka kwa madzi odzidziritsira mu radiator, kapena pimani ma fan oziziritsira mma tractor omwe amayendera zoziritsa za mpweya
English: Check tire inflation pressure and conditions of the tyres, cuts, cracks and buckling; Check the battery, cables and terminals and electrolyte level
Chichewa: Pimani kuchuluka kwa mpweya komanso mmene matayala aliri, kuchekeka, ming'alu komanso kupindika; pimani battery, mawaya ndi ma terminal komanso madzi a battery
English: Check the transmission and hydraulic oil levels; Check air filter elements, or the oil level in an oil bath type air cleaner
Chichewa: Pimani kuchuluka kwa mafuta a transmission ndi hydraulic: Pimani zosefera mpweya, kapena kuchuluka kwa mafuta mu zosefera mpweya zogwiritsa ntchito mafuta
English: Check operator’s seat. Be sure that it is clear of spilled fuel, oil, grease, crop residue, or loose objects. Check the lighting system and ensure “Slow Moving Vehicle Emblem “is placed
Chichewa: Pimani mpando wa oyendetsa tractor: Onetsetsani kuti sipanatayikire mafuta, zinyalala za zokolola kapena zinthu zina zapadera. Pimani magetsi ndipo onetsetsani kuti chizindikiro cha "Slow Moving Vehicle Emblem" chilipo
English: Tractor operation safety precautions: Run and maintain the tractor according to the operator’s Manual of Tractor provided by the tractor manufacturer
Chichewa: Kagwiridwe ntchito ka tractor komanso njira zodzitetezera: Gwiritsani ntchito tractor motsatira malamulo omwe okonza tractor anepeleka
English: Be alert and alert to drive it safely; Always park the tractor with gear shift lever in the neutral position and with parking brake applied
Chichewa: Khalani tcheru ndipo yendetsani mosamala; Imitsani tractor mutayichotsa mu gear ndipo muyike break oyimitsira
English: Drive slowly in difficult conditions; Attend immediately to oil and fuel leakages; Listen to the noise or sound in the engine, power transmission, etc., if any abnormal noise is noticed stop the tractor and investigate the causes
Chichewa: Yendetsani pang'onopang'ono ngati malo ali ovuta; konzani pompopompo ngati mafuta akutayika; mvetserani kaliridwe kapena phokoso la engine, kasinthidwe ka ma gear ndi zina zotero, ngati pali phokoso lodabwitsa imitsitsani tractor ndipo fufudzani zomwe zikuyambitsa
English: When stopped put the tractor out of gear, set brakes firmly; Refuel the tractor only when the engine is cool, don't spill fuel and never smoke while refuelling
Chichewa: Ikamyimitsidwa, chotsani tractor mu gear, ikani ma brake zolimba; thirani mafuta pokhapokha engine ya tractor ikazizira, osatayira mafuta komanso osasuta fodya pemene mukuthira mafuta
English: Hitch implements only to drawbar or specified hitch points of the tractor. Never drive after taking alcohol drink or drugs
Chichewa: Mangilirani zida zolimira ku chokokera kapena malo oyenera pa tractor. Musayendetse mutaledzera kapena kumwa mankhwala ozunguza bongo
English: Don't permit unauthorised persons to ride the tractor unnecessarily. Do not keep foot (ride) on the clutch and brake pedals while the tractor is running.
Chichewa: Musalole anthu omwe alibe chilolezo kukwera tractor mosayenera. Musasiye phazi lanu pa clutch ndi zopondera ma brake pamene tractor ikulira
English: Do not sit or stand on the implement when the tractor is in motion
Chichewa: Musakhale kapena kuyima pa zida zolimira pamene tractor ukuyenda
English: Avoid overloading of the tractor during operations. Do not get off or on the tractor when it is in motion. Never leave the key in the starting switch
Chichewa: Pewani kumangilira katundu wopitilira muyezo pamene tractor ikugwira ntchito. Musatsike kapena kukwera tractor pamene ikuyenda. Musasiye ma key pamalo olizira tractor
English: Points to be considered for safety on the Farm include: Set the wheels as wide as required for the job. Use wider wheel track on slopes for stability
Chichewa: Mfundo zofunika kulingalira pa chitetezo kumunda ndi monga: Ikani matayala motalikirana molingana ndi ntchito yoti igwiridwe. Gwiritsani ntchito matayala otambalala mmalo otsetsereka kuti ikhadzikike
English: Add weights on rear or front, as the case may be, for proper traction. Keep P.T.O. and belt pulley shields in proper place. Do not hook load at a point above the drawbar.
Chichewa: Onjezerani zolemetsa kumbuyo kapena kutsogolo, ngati kuli kofunika kutero, kuti isamateleleke. Siyani P.T.O ndi zotchingira malamba okokera mmalo mwake. Musamangilire zonyamula malo ena aliwonse pamwamba pa chokokera
English: Reverse the tractor in low gear. Driver tractor in low gears while overcoming obstacles like small bunds and ditches. Draft control should not be used for raising or lowering the implements at the end of trip/ row. Do not ride the drawbar of tractor during operation.
Chichewa: Yendetsani mobwelera mbuyo tractor ili mu gear yaying'ono. Yendetsani tractor ili mu gear yaying'ono pamene mukudutsa pa zopinga monga mitunda  ndi mayenje. Draft control isagwiritsdwe ntchito pokweza kapena kutsitsa zida zolimira kumapeto kwa ulendo/mzere. Musakwere chokokera pa tractor pamene ikugwira ntchito
English: It is uneconomical to manufacture a tractor with materials which will run for the designed service life
Chichewa: Nzolira ndalama zambiri kukonza tractor ndi zipangizo zoti zigwira ntchito pa moyo wake wonse wantchito
English: There are some engines in developed countries which can be used for 0.2-0.4 million km without changing lubrication oil with pregreased, sealed bearings that have lubrication enough for the designed lives
Chichewa: Pali mitundu ina ya engine kumayiko otukuka yomwe ingagiritsidwe ntchito kwa 200,000-400,000kms popanda kusintha mafuta ofewetsera zitsulo chifukwa ma bearing  ayikidwa kale mafutawo komanso ndiwokutidwa ndipo ali ndi mafuta okwanira nthawi yonse imene angagwilire ntchito
English: However, at present the materials used in manufacturing of tractors wear off very fast if not properly lubricated, run at desired temperature and clean environment
Chichewa: Komabe, panopa zipangizo zopangira ma tractor zimalala mwachangu ngati zilibe mafuta ofewetsera okwanira, komanso zikugwira ntchito mmalo otentha kapena ozizira kwambiri ndi osowa ukhondo
English: There are many components that are not designed to run for entire service life of the tractor and these must be serviced and replaced on routine basis probably after 250 to 350 hours of engine operation
Chichewa: Pali zipangizo zambiri zomwe sidzinakonzedwe kuti zigwire ntchito moyo wonse wa tractor ndipo izi ziyenera kukonzedwa kapena kusinthidwa mwachizolowezi makamaka pakadutsa maola 250-350 engine ikugwira ntchito
English: If machines are just inspected for any loose nuts and bolts, clearances and deflections thus what is done in short service or first service of tractor
Chichewa: Ngati makina angopimidwa kuti aone zomangira zomwe zamasuka, kupindika ndi kusiya mpata izi ndi zomwe zimachitika pokonza mwachidule kapena kukonza koyamba tractor
English: It is essential to maintain lubrication, desired temperature, tightness of bolts & nuts, clean environment inside the tractor engine and other housing besides maintaining deflection of components of tractor for achieving desired service life
Chichewa: Nkofunika kuonetsetsa kuti mafuta ofewetsera, kutentha koyenera, kukungika zomagira, malo aukhondo zilipo mkati mwa engine ya tractor ndi zigawo zina zamkati kupatula kupindika kwa magawo ena a tractor kuti mufikire pachisamaliro chake
English: Clean environment inside the engine is achieved by maintaining intake system, i.e. By maintaining correct level of right grade of oil in air cleaner and changing it as and when required
Chichewa: Malo osamalika mkati mwa engine angakwaniritsidwe posamala magawo onse olowera monga kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wofanana wa mafuta a engine muchosefera mpweya ndinso kusintha panthawi zonse zoyenera kutero
English: By cleaning the dry filter element periodically and changing it as and when required. By changing different filter elements at periodic service intervals
Chichewa: Posamala chosefa chouma pafupipafupi ndi kuchisintha nthawi yomwe ndikoyenera kutero. Posintha zipangizo mu chosefera pafupipafupi nthawi yokonza
English: Desired temperature can be maintained by maintaining cooling system. This is accomplished by keeping correct level of water or coolant in radiator or dispenser bowl, by keeping radiator or fans clean
Chichewa: Kutentha kofunikira kungakhalepo ngati mwagwiritsa ntchito zida zozizirita mpweya. Izi zimakwaniritsidwa posunga madzi pamulingo woneyera kapena zoziziritsa mu radiator kapena dispenser bowl, poonetsetsa kuti radiator kapena chokupiza ndi zaukhondo
English: Desired level of lubrication is simply maintained by changing lubrication oils in different assemblies of tractor periodically along with filter elements.
Chichewa: Mulingo woyenera wa zofewetsera ungakhalepo posintha mafuta ofewetsera mmagawo osiyanasiyana a tractor pafupipafupi kuphatikizapo zipangizo zosefera
English: Certain procedure has been laid down that will produce best results on tractor performance if followed. These service needs have been classified into hours ranging from ten to several hundred hours of tractor use
Chichewa: Ndondomeko zina zakadzikitsidwa zomwe zingadzetse zotsatira zopambana pa kagwiridwe ntchito ka tractor zitatsatidwa. Ntchito zokonza izi zagawidwa mmaola kuyambira 10 kufika maola mazana ogwilira ntchito tractor
English: 10 hours or first service schedule: Clean the tractor, if the tractor worked under dusty conditions & wash it with a swift jet of water to remove the dirt and wipe off with a dry cloth
Chichewa: Maola 10 kapena kukonza koyamba: tsukani tractor, ngati tractor yagwira ntchito pafumbi, tsukani ndi madzi amphamvu kuti muchotse dothi ndipo pukutani ndi nsalu youma
English: Inspect the tractor critically for leakage at any point, take correct steps with the help of authorized service provider if need be
Chichewa: Yenderani tractor mwachidwi kuti muone ngati mafuta akutayika pena paliponse, konzani mothandizidwa ndi amisiri ovomerezeka ngati nkofunika kutero
English: Check all the nuts and bolts and tighten them properly on diff erent parts of the tractor and replace the broken ones, if any
Chichewa: Fufuzani zomangira zonse ndipo zimangeni molimba pamagawo osiyanasiyana a tractor ndipo zosweka zonse ngati zilipo bwezeretsani ndi zabwino
English: Top up the fuel level in the fuel tank at the end of each day’s operation avoid condensation of water at the bottom of tank or in the fuel line
Chichewa: Onjezerani kuchuluka kwa mafuta a galimot mosungira mafuta pakutha pa tsiku lirilonse popewa kuundana kwa madzi pansi pa tank kapena modutsira mafuta
English: Check and top up mobile oil. The oil level should be in the middle of these two marks
Chichewa: Fufuzani ndi kuonjezera mafuta ofewetsera. Mulingo wa mafuta ukhale pakatikati pa zizindikiro ziwirizi
English: Check air cleaner oil level and if this level is less than the indicated mark or cut hole then top it
Chichewa: Onani kuchuluka kwa mafuta a chipangizo chosefa mpweya ndipo ngati atsika kuposa mulingo woneyera, wonjezerani
English: Check up the water/coolant level in the radiator/ dispenser bowl and top if necessary. Do not allow water level to go below the minimum level
Chichewa: Onani madzi kapena zoziritsira engine mu radiator kapena dispense bowl ndipo onjezerani ngati nkofunika. Musalole mulingo wa madzi kutsika modutsa mulingo waung'ono wovomerezeka
English: Check the belt pulley gear-box oil level when the pulley is in use and refill it to the plug level with transmission oil
Chichewa: Onani mulingo wa mafuta mu belt pulley gear-box pamene pulley ukugwira ntchito ndipo onjezerani mpaka pachotsekera ndi mafuta a transmission
English: Check the front and rear type-pressure. In general, the pressure for front tyres should be nearly 2 kg/cm2 and that for rear tyres about 1 kg/cm2".
Chichewa: Onani kuchuluka kwa mpweya mmatayala akutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Kwakukulu, kuchuluka kwa mpweya mmatayala akutsogolo kukhale pafupifupi 2kg/cm2 ndipo kumbuyo ukhale 1kg/cm2
English: 50-60 hours service schedule: Repeat the 10 hour service schedule or first service. Maintenance of Tractor Battery: -Inspect the battery for loose terminals and electrolyte level
Chichewa: Maola 50-60 akafika: bwerezani zomwe munachita pakutha pa maola 10 kapena kukonza koyamba. Kusamala battery la tractor: Onetsetsani battery ngati mitu yake yamasuka ndipo komanso kuchuluka kwa electrolyte
English: Wash the battery top with washing soda using warm water and grease the terminals with petroleum jelly to prevent corrosion. Check the fan-belt tension and adjust it if required. Clean and service air cleaner
Chichewa: Tsukani pamwamba pa battery ndi soda pogwiritsa  tchito madzi ofunda ndipo pakani petroleum jelly mmitu ya battery popewa dzimbiri. Onani kulimba lamba wozunguza chokupiza mpweya ndipo mukonzeni ngati nkoyenera. Pukutani chosefera mpweya
English: Servicing of fuel supply system: This includes: Check the fuel line for any leakage and clean it. Clean the sediment bowl and the screen. Check and adjust the brakes for proper operation:
Chichewa: Kusamala magawo odutsa mafuta: izi zikuphatikiza: onani modutsa mafuta ngati pali kudontha ndipo chotsani fumbi. Pukutani modekha zinyansi ndi chosefera mafuta. Onani ndi kukonza ma brake kuti adzigwira bwino ntchito
English: Check and adjust the engine clutch: Lubricate the following: Fan-hub bearing, throttle-control lever, engine-clutch-release bearing, and alternator bearing
Chichewa: Onani ndi kukonza engine clutch: Pakani mafuta ofewetsa zotsatirazi: fan-hub bearing, throttle-control lever, engine-clutch-release bearing ndi alternator bearing
English: Check the water-pump (water body) for leakage and tighten or replace the packing, if required
Chichewa: Onani pump yamadzi ngati ikudontha ndipo mangani molimbitsa kapena chotsani ndi kuyika yatsopano ngati nkofunika kutero
English: Loosen the vent plug and the drain-tap of the primary fuel filter and run off a small quantity of fuel in order to remove any water which might have accumulated.
Chichewa: Masulani vent plug ndi drain-tap za chosefera mafuta poyambilira ndipo thirani mafuta pang'ono kuti muchotse madzi ena aliwonse omwe amasonkhana
English: The 125-hour service and maintenance generally includes the following: Repeating the activities carried out in 50h maintenance schedule. Changing crankcase oil. Replacing the oil filter. Servicing the crankcase breather. Maintenance of tractor tyres. Checking and servicing other parts of the tractor
Chichewa: Kukonza kwa maola 125 kuphatikize zotsatirazi: Kubwereza ntchito zonse zomwe zachitika pa kukonza kwa maola 50. Kusintha mafuta mu crankcase. Kuchotsa ndi kubwezeretsa chosefera oil. Kukonza popumira crankcase. Kusamala matayala a tractor. Kuona ndi kukonza zipangizo zina za tractor
English: For any service and maintenance of tractor after this 125hours of operation, follow the guidelines in operator’s manual
Chichewa: Kukonza kwina kulikonse kwa tractor pakadutsa maola 125 ogwilira ntchito kutsatire malangizo omwe mu kabuku ka oyendetsa
English: Mould board plough is one of the oldest of the all agricultural implements and is generally considered to be the most important tillage implement
Chichewa: Chida cholimira cha mould board ndi chakale kuposa zida zonse ndipo chimatengedwa kuti ndi chokhacho chofunikira pa zida zogaulira
English: It is equipped with heavy-duty box frame specially designed for deep ploughing / land preparation of rough soil
Chichewa: Chili ndi heavy duty box yopangidwa kuti polima mwakuya kapena kusamala malo a dothi la miyala
English: It is designed to work in all types of soils for soil breaking, soil raising and soil turning. Satisfactory operations, economic and long lasting use of the implement depends on the compliance with manufacturer’s instructions
Chichewa: Chinakonzedwa kugwira ntchito pa mitundu yonse yadothi pophwanya dothi loundana, kukwezera dothi komanso kutembenuza dothi. Kugwira ntchito bwino, kusafuna ndalama zambiri ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali zidalira kutsatira malamulo a okonza
English: The horsepower of tractor selected should match the implement. Adjust the front and rear wheel track width. Provide adequate front end ballast for tractor stability.
Chichewa: Mphamvu za tractor zomwe zasankhidwa zifanane ndi zipangizo zogwilira ntchito. Sinthani kutambalala kwa tayala lakutsogolo ndi kumbuyo. Ikani kutsogolo zinthu zolemera kuti tractor ikhazikike
English: The level of the plough is controlled by the tractor top link. You lengthen or shorten the top link if rear end of the plough beam is lower than the front end
Chichewa: Kugona kwa khasu kumasinthidwa ndi tractor top link. Mumatalikitsa kapena kufupikitsa top link ngati mbali yakumbuyo kwa khasu yatsika kuposa mbali yakutsgolo
English: Lateral leveling is controlled by adjusting the length of the tractor right lower link. These adjustments must be made with the plough prior to operation
Chichewa: Kuyimitsa khasu chogona kumawongoleredwa posintha kutalika kwa cholumikiza chammusi chakumanja. Kusinthaku kuchitidwe ku khasu ntchito isanayambike
English: The type of the soil is the greatest external factor that determines the draft of any plough. Draft is also affected by the depth and width of cut per bottom for complete plough in addition to speed
Chichewa: Mtundu wa dothi ndi chinthu chachikulu chakunja chomwe chimathandizira kuyenda kwa khasu. Kuyendayenda kwa khasu kumakhudzikanso ndi kuya ndi mulifupi ndi kudula pansi pamene khasu layenda lonse kuphatikizapo kuthamanga
English: In very hard ground, it is often necessary to add weight to the wheels to force the plough into the soil
Chichewa: Pamalo olimba kwambiri, ndi kofunika kuwonjezera zolemera kumatayala pofuna kukakamiza khasu kulowa kwambiri mdothi
English: Adjustment for deeper ploughing: Apart from positioning the draft control levers of the tractor hydraulic system, the depth of the plough can be obtained by adding extra weight to the plough
Chichewa: Kusintha kuti khasu lidzilowa pansi mwakuya: Kupatula kusintha kayimidwe ka draft control levers mu tractor hydraulic system, kuya kwa khasu kukhoza kupezeka powonjezera zolemera ku plough
English: Warning for driver: Don’t plough on stony soil. Tractor should be in high first gear. If soil is hard then plough the field at least twice.
Chichewa: Chenjezo kwa woyendetsa: musalime mu dothi lamiyala. Tractor ikhale mu giya yayikulu. Ngati dothi ndilolimba kwambiri, limani munda kawiri
English: Ploughing works best when the right wheel of the tractor is inside the previously ploughed furrow
Chichewa: Kulima kumatheka kwambiri pamene tayala lakumanja la tractor lili mkati mwa ngalande ya mbali yomwe yalimidwa posachedwa
English: Working on stony land increases maintenance and these rules must be followed to get best results: If M.B. plough is new then after first two hours of working tighten all nut bolts
Chichewa: Pogwira ntchito pamalo a miyala kumachulukitsa ntchito yokonza ndipo malamulo awa ayenera kutsatiridwa pofuna kupeza zotsatira zabwino: Ngati khasu la M.B. ndi latsopano, mangitsani zomangira zonse pakatha maola awiri likugwira ntchito
English: Check the plough adjustments if the steering is hard. After every fifty hours tighten all nuts and bolts. Sharpen the Bar Point and shares if dull. Blunt shares increase the draft
Chichewa: Pimani kusintha kwa khasu ngati chiwongolero chikulimba. Pakutha pa maola asanu aliwonse, mangitsani zomangira. Thwetsani bar point ndi ma shares ngati abuntha. Ma shares obuntha amaonjezera kuyendayenda kwa khasu
English: Wash the M.B. plough after work. Replace the worn out nuts and bolts. If plough has to remain unused for long time then clean it & apply a layer of used oil for rust prevention
Chichewa: Chapani khasu la M.B. pambuyo pa ntchito. Bwezeretsani zomangira zakutha. Ngati khasu likuyenera kukhala nthawi yayitali osagwira ntchito, lichapeni ndikupaka mafuta ogwiritsa kale ntchito pofuna kupewa dzimbiri
English: A Disc plough consists of a series of individually mounted, inclined disk blades on a frame supported by furrow wheel
Chichewa: Disc plow iri ndi makasu osiyana omangidwa paokha, opendekeka pa nsanamira mothandizidwa ndi furrow wheel
English: Disc ploughs are most suitable for conditions under which mould board plows do not work satisfactory, such as in hard, dry soils, in sticky soils where a mould board plow will not scour, and in loose, push-type soils such as peat lands
Chichewa: Ma disc plough amagwira ntchito bwino pomwe makasu a mould board sangagwire bwino ntchito monga mu dothi lolimba, louma, dothi lomata momwe makasu a mould board plow sangadutse, komanso mu dothi losagwirana, lobwelera ukaliponda monga lazinyalala zomwe zikuola
English: Cutting Angle Adjustment: - Discs must be set at an angle. Provision is made for adjustment of the horizontal disc angle and vertical tilt angle to obtain optimum disc operation indifferent soil conditions
Chichewa: Kusuntha kupendekeka kodulira - makasu atcheredwe mopendeka. Mwayi umakhalapo wosintha kupendekeka kwa khasu logona komanso kupendekeka kwa khasu loyima pofuna kupeza kagwiridwe ntchito kabwino mu dothi losiyanasiyana
English: Width of cut adjustment: - Disc plough has a particular width of cut ranging from 1825 cm depending on the diameter of the blade. The front disc can be adjusted with the help of cross shaft to suit various draft and penetration requirements
Chichewa: Kusintha kutambalala kodulira- khasu liri ndi mulingo wake womwe limadulira kuyambira 1812cm potengera kutambalala kwa khasulo. Khasu lakutsogolo likhoza kusinthidwa ndi chithandizo cha cross shaft kuti lifananane ndi zofunika za kuyendayenda komanso kuzama
English: Leveling the plough: - The level of the plough is controlled by the tractor top link by lengthening or shortening it. Lateral leveling is controlled by adjusting the length of the tractor right lower link
Chichewa: Kuongola khasu- kuongola khasu kumawongoleredwa ndi cholumikizira chapamwamba pa tractor politalikitsa kapena kulifupikitsa. Kuongola chambali kuomaongoleredwa posuntha kutalika kwa cholumikizira chakumanja chammunsi pa tractor
English: Scrapper adjustments: - Scrappers are set low enough to catch and turn the furrow slice before it falls away from the disc. For deeper ploughing, set the scrapper a little higher
Chichewa: Kusuntha chopalira- zopalira zimamangiliridwa mmunsi moti kuti zidzitha kugwira ndikutembenuza dothi lisanagwe kuchoka pa khasu. Pakugaula kwakuya, chopalira chikwezedwe mmwamba pang'ono