dmatekenya/chichewa-machine-translation huggingface dataset:
English: Some of the recommended fruit processing machines are Mfinyazipatso Owerama (Horizontal fruit juice extractor) and Mfinyazipatso Oyimilira (Vertical fruit juice extractor). The two machines extract juices from the pulp of indigenous and exotic fruits that can be made into fruit juices, jams and purees
Chichewa: Ena mwa makina ovomerezeka ofinyira zipatso ndi monga mfinyazipatso owerama, mfinyazipatso oyimilira. Makina awiriwa amafinya ndi kutulutsa madzi a zipatso kuchokera mu zipatso zachilengedwe komanso zobwera omwe angapangidwe kukhala juice, jam ndi puree
English: Horizontal Fruit Juice Extractor contains a tapped horizontal screw outside of which is a barrel that squeezes the fruit pulp or juice using horizontal and side compressive forces
Chichewa: Mfinyazipatso owerama amakhala ndi chotsekera cha mpopi kunja kwa mfuti womwe umafinya madzi a zipatso pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zofinyira mowerama ndiponso chambali
English: The machine is designed in such a way that one end is bigger (16 cm in diameter) than the other end (9.5cmindiameter) giving a compression ratio of 1.6:1. This machine has been performance tested on a wide range of fruits and has a pulp fruit juice extraction rate of 11-15 L/ hr, an extraction efficiency of 75-85% and a stone/seed breakage of zero
Chichewa: Makinawa anakonzedwa kuti mbali imodzi ndiyayikulu kufika 16cm kuposa mbali inayo yomwe ndi 9.5cm kuthandiza kupeleka mphamvu zofonyira za 1.6:1. Kagwiridwe ntchito ka makina kayezedwa pa zipatso zosiyanasiyana ndipo ali ndi mulingo wofinya madzi a zipatso wa 11-15L pa ola limodzi, kuthekera kofinya madzi onse a zipatso kwapakati pa 75% mpaka 85% ndipo kuthekera kophwanya mthanga kwa 0%
English: Vertical Fruit Extractor has similar design features as the Horizontal Juice Extractor. The main difference is that it is positioned vertically upwards. This machine has a pulp fruit juice rate of 50-60 L/hr, an extraction efficiency of 78-86% and a seed stone-breakage of zero
Chichewa: Mfinyazipatso oyimilira ali ndi kapangidwe kofanana ndi mfinyazipatso owerama. Kusiyana kwake kwakukulu ndi kwakuti chimakonzedwa moyima kulowa mmwamba. Makina amenewa ali ndi kuthekera kofinya madzi a zipatso kufika 50-60L pa ola limodzi, kuthekera kofinya madzi onse a zipatso kwapakati pa 78% ndi 86% ndipo kuthekera kophwanya mthanga kwa 0%
English: Seed is one of the essential inputs in crop production. Good quality seed of any crop variety gives yields
Chichewa: Mbeu ndi chimodzi mwa zipangizo zolowa pa ulimi. Mbewu yabwino ya zomera zilizonse imabweretsa zokolola zochuluka
English: Problems experienced by farmers include use of poor quality seed due to inadequate availability of certified seed or planting material of most crop such us beans, rice, groundnuts, pigeon peas, open pollinated maize, wheat, soya beans, vegetables, cassava and sweet potatoes
Chichewa: Mavuto omwe alimi amakumana nawo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mbeu yopanda mphamvu chifukwa chosowa mbeu kapena zinthu zobzala zovomerezeka za mbeu monga nyemba, mpunga, mtedza, nandolo, chimanga, tirigu, soya, masamba, chinangwa ndi mbatata
English: The provision of good quality seed of improved crop varieties to smallholder farmers is essential for increased crop production in Malawi’s agriculture
Chichewa: Kupeleka mbewu yapamwamba ya mitundu yamakono  kwa alimi ang'onang'ono ndikofunika pochulukitsa zokolola pa ulimi ku Malawi
English: Efforts to improve smallholder agriculture in the country will be fruitless unless the fundamental problems of seed supply to smallholder farmers are addressed
Chichewa: Ntchito yotukula alimi ang'onoang'ono mdziko muno ikhala yosapindula pokhapokha mavuto okhazikika a kapezedwe ka mbeu kwa alimi ang'onoang'ono akonzedwe
English: The government’s policy is to open the market allowing seed companies to produce and sell new varieties for all crops in the market.
Chichewa: Ndondomeko za boma ndizofuna kutsegula msika kuti alole makampani ogulitsa mbeu kuti adzipanga ndi kugulitsa mitundu yatsopano ya mbeu kumisika
English: The Government’s main goal is to alleviate poverty and ensure food security in the country. The goal is being achieved through: Diversifying exports of agricultural products. Raising farm incomes and promote economic growth while conserving the natural resources base
Chichewa: Cholinga chachikulu cha boma ndi kuthetsa umphawi komanso kuonetsetsa kuti dziko liri ndi chakudya chokwanira. Cholingachi chikukwaniritsidwa kudzera: Kuwonjezera zokolola zogulitsidwa kumayiko akunja. Kukweza phindu la ulimi ndi kulimbikitsa kukwera kwa chuma pamanenso tikusamala zachilengedwe
English: This is achieved through the available supply of certified seeds of improved varieties of crops by the seed industry to reach farmers through an expanded network of seed distributors
Chichewa: Izi zikwaniritsidwa kudzera mu kupezeka kwa mbeu zovomerezeka za mitundu yatsopano kuchokera kwa ochita malonda a mbeu ndipo zifikire alimi kudzera nkukhazikitsa misika yambiri ya mbeu
English: In order to improve the availability of seeds of food crops, the following changes have been made: Improvement of Information systems in the seed value chain; Removal of restriction on seed imports and exports except for phytosanitary regulations.
Chichewa: Pofuna kupititsa poatsogolo kupezeka kwa mbewu za zakudya, sinthani izi: Kupititsa patsogolo njira zofalitsira mauthenga pan nkhani za mbewu; kuchotsa zoletso zoyitanitsira mbewu kimayiko akunja komanso kugulitsa mbewu kunja kupatula ngati tikupewa matenda
English: Harmonization of seed rules and regulations to facilitate seed movement in the SADC and COMESA Regions and the entire outside world
Chichewa: Kuyika malamulo ofanana a mbeu kuthandiza kayendedwe ka mbeu mdera la SADC ndi COMESA komanso kunja kwa dziko lonse lapansi
English: Promotion of new regulations to encourage the participation of NGOs and ordinary farmers in the seed sector; Review of seed classes in Malawi
Chichewa: Kupititsa patsogolo malamulo atsopano kulimbikitsa kutengapo mbali kwa mabungwe omwe si aboma ndi alimi wamba pankhani za mbeu; Unikani magulu a mbeu mMalawi
English: Biotechnology experiments are underway to improve the food and economic situation
Chichewa: Kafukufuku pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zamoyo ali mkati pofuna kupititsa patsogolo chakudya ndi chuma
English: Efforts to supply affordable seeds. Institutional, regulatory and legal frameworks have been strengthened; Institutional and operational linkages have been strengthened
Chichewa: Kuyetsetsa kupeleka mbeu za mitengo yabwino. Nthambi zogwira ntchito, zolimbikitsa kutsatira malamulo komanso ndondomeko za malamulo zalimbikitsidwa. Ubale wa nthambi zogwira ntchito ndi kagwiridwe kawo kantchito zalimbikitsidwa
English: The Seed Services Unit (SSU) in the Department of Agricultural Research Services (DARS) has the responsibility of certifying seed and monitoring its production, processing, marketing and storage throughout the country to ensure that farmers have access to good quality seed
Chichewa: Bungwe loona za mbeu kunthambi yoona za kafukufuku wa ulimi ili ndi udindo wovomereza mbeu komanso kuunika kapangidwe kake, kasamalidwe, kagulitsidwe komanso kasungidwe mdziko lonse lino kuti aonetsetse kuti alimi akupeza mbeu yabwino
English: Internationally accepted standards are applied for seed certification and quality control. There are six classes of seed of all crop varieties recognized in Malawi and these have different requirements that meet international standards for certification
Chichewa: Ndondomeko zovomerezeka padziko lonse lapansi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito povomereza mbeu komanso kusamala ubwino wake. Pali magulu asanu ndi limodzi a mbewu za mitundu yonse ya mbewu zovomerezeka ku Malawi ndipo ali ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana kuti afikire ndondomeko zoyenera kuti mbewu zivomerezedwe
English: Breeders’ seed is of a particular generation of an in bred line or variety which is produced under the supervision of the breeder or institution that developed the variety in conjunction with the seed Services Unit. It is the source of seed for the production of pre-basic/ prefoundation seed
Chichewa: Mbewu ya ochulukitsa mbewu imakhala mbado wina wake wa mbewu zomwe zakwatitsidwa pachibale zomwe zimapangidwa upangiri wa wokwatitsa mbewu kapane bungwe lomwe linapanga mtunduwo mothandizana ndi mthambi yoona za mbewu. Ndi komwe kumapezeka mbewu yogwiritsa ntchito popanga mbewu za alimi
English: Pre-basic seed-this class comes from Breeders’ seed. It is handled in a such way that it maintains its genetic identity and purity is maintained to ensure quality
Chichewa: Pre-basic seed- mtundu uwu umachokera ku mbewu ya ochulukitsa. Imasamalidwa munjira yoti isasakanikirane ndi ina iliyonse kuopa kusuluka
English: Basic or foundation seed-this class of seed production from basic seed. It is handled in such a way that its genetic identity and purity is maintained to ensure quality
Chichewa: Basic or foundation seed - mtundu uwu umachokera ku manthu/kholo wa mbewu. Imasamalidwa munjira yoti isasakanikirane ndi ina kapena kusuluka
English: Certified seed I-Certified seed is produced from basic seed but it can also be produced from a higher class of seed such as pre-basic seed
Chichewa: Mbeu yovomerezeka I - mbeu yovomerezeka imapangidwa kuchokera ku mbeu yochulukitsa komanso ikhoza kupangidwa kuchokera ku mtundu wa mbeu wapamwamba monga ngati kholo la mbeu
English: Production of certified seed should also conform to prescribed standards to maintain genetic identity and purity
Chichewa: Kupanga mbeu yovomerezeka kuyenera kutsatira ndondomeko zovomerezedwa kuti isunge chibadwa chake komanso ungwiro wake
English: Certified seed II-In cases of shortage of basis seed, another seed is produced from Certified Seed and this is called certified seed II
Chichewa: Mbeu yovomerezeka yachiwiri - Ngati mbeu yochulukitsa yasowa, ina ikhoza kupangidwa kuchokera ku mbeu yovomerezeka ija ndipo imatchedwa mbeu yovomerezeka yachiwiri
English: But in cases of enough basic seed then only certified I is produced and marketed following the regulations
Chichewa: Koma pomwe pali mbeu yokwanira yakholo, amapanga ndi kugulitsa mbeu yovomerezeka yokha potsatira malamulo
English: Quality declared Seed (QDS)-Previously this was called Declared seed. This class is produced following the requirements such as registration, inspections, sampling and testing. The only difference is the intensity of field inspection
Chichewa: Quality declared seed- Mbuyomu imatchedwa declared seed. Mtundu uwu umaoangidwa potsatira ndondomeko zonse zofunikira monga kulembetsa mkaundula, kuyenderedwa, kupima mbewu. Kusiyana kwakukulu ndi kuyendera minda
English: The World Food Organization (FAO) defines QDS as seed that only ten percent of it has been inspected. So this requirement is met worldwide including in Malawi
Chichewa: World Food Organisation imanena kuti QDS ndi mbewu yomwe imodzi pa zigawo khumi zilizonse zapimidwa. Ndiye mulingo uwu umafikiridwa pa dziko lonse palansi kuphatikizirapo ku Malawi
English: Commercial Seed Companies, farmer associations, NGOs and individual farmers are actively involved in the production of certified seed
Chichewa: Makampani ogulitsa mbewu, magulu a alimi, mabungwe omwe siaboma komanso alimi paokha amatengapo mbali kupanga mbewu yovomerezera
English: Such seed is rigorously inspected by government seed inspectors. SSU sample and test all seed for purity, germination and moisture content in the laboratory prior to distribution or marketing to farmers
Chichewa: Mbewu imeneyi imapimidwa mwakathithi ndi oyezeza mbewu ku boma. Mthambi yoona za mbewu imatenga pang'ono ndi kuyeza mbewu zonse kuti awone ngati ndiyisasakanikira, kameredwe ndi chinyezi chake ku nyumba zoyezera, isanagawidwe kapena kugulitsidwa kwa alimi
English: For farmers wishing to participate in this programme, it is important that the following guidelines are adhered to in order that good quality seed is produced
Chichewa: Kwa alimi omwe akufuna kutenga mbali popanga mbewu, ndikofunika kuti atsatire ndondomeko zotsatirazi ndi cholinga chakuti mbewu yabwino ipangidwe
English: The demand estimate should be accurate to avoid over production. Seed producers should be ready to meet the costs of seed certification and quality control
Chichewa: Mulingo woyerekeza wa mbewu udziwike pofuna kupewa kupanga mbewu yochuluka. Opanga mbewu akhale okonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zawo pamene mbewu yawo ikuvomerezedwa komanso kuyezedwa
English: The fields should be located close together to minimize supervision and inspection costs. The area should be accessible at all times, especially during the rainy season in order for inspections to be conducted adequately
Chichewa: Minda ikhale moyandikana pofuna kuchepetsa ndalama zoyendera mbewu. Kukhale kudera kofikika nthawi zonse makamaka nyengo ya mvula ndi cholinga chakuti kuyendera kuchitike mokwanira
English: Seed crops have to be grown according to specific standards stipulated by the Seed Services Unit. The aim is to produce good quality seed
Chichewa: Mbewu zilimidwe motsatira ndondomeko zoyikika zomwe mthambi yoona za mbewu inakhadzikitsa. Cholinga ndi kupanga mbewu yabwino
English: Major components of the standards include: Seed grower registration is the first activity that the farmer is required to do for the seed to be certified
Chichewa: Zazikulu zomwe zikupezeka mu ndondemekozo ndi monga: Kulembetsa mkaundula ngati mlimi wopanga mbewu ndi ntchito yoyamba yomwe mlimi akuyenera kuchita kuti mbewu yake ivomerezedwe
English: This is done before the end of December of each year for rain fed seed production and just a month before planting of irrigated seed production
Chichewa: Izi zimachitika tisanafike kumapeto kwa December chaka chilichonse pa ulimi wodalira mvula ndipo mwezi umodzi tisanafike mwezi wobzalira mbewu zamthilira
English: Registration helps SSU to update seed data, easily locate the field or seed by the inspection team, and easily direct buyers to where the required seed is located
Chichewa: Kalembera amathandiza mthambi yoona zambewu kukhala ndi ndandanda watsopano, oyendera kudziwa mosavuta komwe minda kapena mbewu  zili, ndipo kuwalodzera mosavuta ogula komwe mbewu yomwe ikufunika ili
English: It is important for the country to know seed quantities available to avoid emergency importation. Any field that is not registered is not inspected even if the producer gets the seed from the right sources. Applicable registration fees are charged upon registration
Chichewa: Ndikofunika kuti dziko lino lidziwe kuchuluka kwa mbewu zomwe zilipo pofuna kupewa kuyitanitsa ku mayiko akunja mwadzidzidzi. Munda uliwonse omwe suli mukalembera sungayenderedwe ngakhale mlimiyo atapeze mbewu yake kuchokera kumalo oyenera. Ndalama zolembetsera mkaundula zimapelekedwa pokalembetsa
English: Seed should be procured from a reliable source such as from breeders in different institutions
Chichewa: Mbewu igulidwe kwa oyenera monga ochulukitsa mbewu mmabungwe osiyanasiyana
English: The Seed Services Unit (SSU) provides information of where the right class of seed can be sourced from in case farmers do not have any knowledge/ information of the source of seed. Information for seed source is required during registration.
Chichewa: Mthambi yoona za mbewu ya Seed Service Unit imapeleka mauthenga a komwe kuli mbewu yoyenera ngati alimi alibe upangiri wa komwe angapeze mbewu. Uthenga wa komwe kungapezeke mbewu umapelekedwa panthawi yakalembera
English: Land verification checks the history of the field to be grown to seed. It ensures that same crops do not follow each other consecutive to avoid contamination, mixtures and prevalence of pests and diseases
Chichewa: Kutsimikiza za malo kumaona mbiri ya munda womwe pakufuna kulimidwa mbewu. Kumaonetsetsa kuti mbewu zofanana zisatsogozane popewa kuyipitsidwa, kusakanirana komanso kufala kwa tizilombo ndi matenda
English: Seed crop field must be isolated (separated) from any other variety of the same crop to avoid cross contamination. Different crops have different isolation distance depending on their mode of pollination
Chichewa: Minda ya mbewu ipatulidwe, isayandikane ndi minda ina ya mbewu yomweyo popewa kuyipitsidwa. Mbewu zosiyanasiyana zili ndi mulingo wakutalika kwake kodzipatula potengera njira zomwe zimakwatitsana
English: Poor stands, lack of vigor or uniformity, weed growth, or conditions which may hinder accurate inspections are cause for rejection
Chichewa: Mbewu yosaoneka bwino, kusowa kwa mphamvu komanso kufanana kwa mbewu, kukula kwa tchire, kapena zinthu zomwe zingalepheretse kuyendera minda ndi zomwe zingapangitse mbewu kukanidwa
English: A field for seed production should generally be weed free to prevent admixture. A weed free field is also important as it aids easy movement during field inspection
Chichewa: Munda wolimamo mbewu ukhale wopanda tchire poteteza kusakanikira. Munda wopanda tchire ndiwofunika chifukwa umathandiza kuyendamo mosavuta panthawi yoyendera minda
English: Offtypes (plant or seed that deviates in one or more attributes from the breeder’s description) should be roughed off before pollination takes place
Chichewa: Mbewu zosafanana ndi mbewu yomwe yalimidwa zichotsedwe nthawi kukwatitsa kusanachitike
English: Seed has to be tested for germination and purity prior to selling. Government seed samplers will draw official samples for laboratory testing after the seed has been graded and packed in standardized bags
Chichewa: Mbewu iyezedwe pofuna kuona kameredwe ndi ungwiro wake isanagulitsidwe. Ogwira ntchito zoyeza mbewu a Boma amatenga mbewu zoyerekeza pang'ono kuti akayeze kunyumba zoyezera pambuyo pakusankha mbewu komanso kuyika mmatumba oyenera
English: Only seed that has passed laboratory standards can be accepted and sold. Laboratory test results are valid for twelve months thereafter the seed has to be re-tested
Chichewa: Ndi mbewu yokhayo yomwe yakhoza kuyezedwa kunyumba yoyezera imene ingavomerezedwe ndi kugulitsidwa. Zotsatira zoyeza kunyumba yoyezera zimakhala zikugwira ntchito kwa miyezi khumi ndi iwiri, kupyola pemenepa mbewu imayenera iyezedwenso
English: Seed quality deteriorates during storage/ distribution. SSU conducts routine seed monitoring in all seed companies and seed distributors to ensure that farmers do not access substandard seed
Chichewa: Ubwino wa mbewu umatsika panthawi yomwe yasungidwa kapena pomwe ikugawidwa. Mthambi yoona za mbewu imachita kafukufuku nthawi zonse mmakampani onse komanso kwa onse ogawa mbewu pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti alimi sakupeza mbewu yosafikira mulingo wovomerezedwa
English: During the market seed monitoring the seed inspectors check if the seed is being handled correctly during sales, if the seed is correctly labeled and if any fake seed is being sold in the market
Chichewa: Pamene akuyendera misika ya mbewu, oyendera mbewu amaona ngati mbewu ikugwiridwa moyenera pamene ikugulitsidwa, ngati mbewu yayikidwa zizindikiro moyenera, komanso ngati mbewu yabodza ikugulitsidwa mmisika
English: SSU provides training technical assistance advice in seed certification and quality control to all stakeholders in the seed value chain
Chichewa: Mthambi yoona za mbewu imapeleka upangiri wa maphunziro a kavomerezedwe ka mbewu ndi kuteteza ubwino kwa onse omwe amatengapo gawo pa mbewu
English: Seed prices and Marketing-Knowledge in gross margin analysis is important as farmers have to come up with their own seed prices and find their own markets
Chichewa: Mitengo ya mbewu komanso kutsatsa malonda- upangiri wodziwa phindu ndi wofunika kwambiri chifukwa mlimi amayenera kukhadzikitsa mitengo yake ya mbewu komanso kupeza misika yake
English: Seed is a living entity as such it is important that all precautionary measure are taken to reduce deterioration during storage
Chichewa: Mbewu ndi chinthu chamoyo choncho ndi kofunika kuti njira zonse zoyitetezera zitsatidwe pofuna kuchepetsa kutha mphamvu pamene yasungidwa
English: The success of the seed industry depends on collaborative efforts of different Departments in the Ministry, commercial seed companies and other sectors of the economy involved in the seed industry
Chichewa: Kupambana kwa ntchito za mbewu kutengera mgwirizano pakati pa mthambi zosiyanasiyana ku unduna, ochita ntchito zamalonda a mbewu ndi magawo ena a zachuma omwe amatenga mbali pa nkhani za mbewu
English: That is why institutional and operational linkages have been strengthened with a view of providing an efficient seed delivery system to farmers
Chichewa: Ndi chifukwa chake kulumikizana kwa mabungwe komanso zochitika zonse kukulimbikitsidwa ndi cholinga chofuna kufikitsa mbewu kwa alimi mwachangu
English: SSU offices at Chitedze , Bvumbwe, Lifuwu and Lunyangwa Research stations can be contacted for more information on Seed certifi cation and Quality Control issues
Chichewa: Mthambi yoona za mbewu ku malo ochitira kafukufuku wa mbewu ku Chitedze, kwa Bvumbwe, ku Lifuwu ndi Lunyangwa afunsidwe pofuna kupeza mauthenga ena owonjezera pa nkhani zovomereza mbewu komanso kuonetsetsa kuti mbewu ndi yabwino
English: One of the challenges facing the agricultural sector in Malawi is low crop production and quality as a result of pest infestation and disease attack
Chichewa: Chimodzi mwa zovuta zomwe gawo la ulimi likukumana nazo ku Malawi ndi zokolola zochepa komanso zosakhala bwino chifukwa cha kugwidwa ndi tizilombo ndi matenda
English: The Ministry of Agriculture aims at minimizing losses in quantity and quality of crop produce through proper crop disease and pest management
Chichewa: Unduna wa zamalimidwe aukufuna kuchepetsa kutayika kwa zokolola komanso kuchepa kwa ubwino wa zokolola kudzera mu ndondomeko zabwino zothanirana ndi matenda komanso tizilombo
English: There are several methods of reducing pest and disease incidences. These include cultural, biological, mechanical, physical control measures, use of resistant crop varieties, sanitation, plant quarantine and application of pesticides
Chichewa: Pali njira zambirimbiri zochepetsera kupezeka tizilombo ndi matenda. Zina mwa izo ndi kasamalidwe, zachilengedwe, zochitika pamunda, kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zopilira kumatenda, ukhondo, kupatula mbewu ndikuyika paokha, kuthirav mankhwala ophera tizilombo
English: The emphasis is to promote the use of these methods in the form of Integrated Pest and Disease Management (IPDM)
Chichewa: Ntchito yambiri yagona popititsa patsogolo kugwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe zili mu Integrated Pest and Disease Management
English: This approach employs a combination of two or more of the control methods and places emphasis on environmental protection and preservation of beneficial organisms
Chichewa: Njira imeneyi imaphatikiza njira ziwiri kapena kuposa apo zothanirana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo ndipo imatsindika zakufunika koteteza zachilengedwe komanso kusunga zamoyo zofunukira pa ulimi
English: By using IPDM the use of pesticides is minimized hence the cost is reduced and the environment is protected
Chichewa: Pogwiritsa ntchito IPDM, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala  opehera tizilombo kumachepetsedwa choncho ndalama zogwira ntchito zimachepanso ndipo chilengedwe chimatetezedwa
English: The way crops are managed may affect pests and diseases that live in the crop environment. Time of planting, weeding, uprooting of infested plants and harvesting practices which may destroy these pests are cultural pest control methods
Chichewa: Momwe mbewu zimasamalidwa zimakhuza tizilombo ndi matenda omwe amakhala mu mbewuzo. Nthawi yobzalira, kupalira, kuzula mbewu zomwe zagwidwa ndi tizilombo ndi matenda ndiponso ndondomeko zokolola zomwe zingaononge tizilombo ndi matenda ndi njira zachikhalidwe zothanirana ndi tizilombo ndi matenda
English: For instance, early planting will reduce bushy top in tobacco, stalk borers, maize streak and other diseases
Chichewa: Mwachitsanzo, kubzala mofulumira kumachepetsa kuchita mafutu mu fodya, mbozi, maize streak ndi matenda ena
English: Removal of tomato plants after harvest will reduce nematode populations in the soil. Weeds can habour pests that attack crops and reduce yield, therefore, timely weeding is important
Chichewa: Kuchotsa mitwngo ta yomato pambuyo pokolola kumachepetsa chiwerengero cha mbozi mu dothi. Tchire limasunga tizolombo tomwe zimawononga mbewu ndikuchepetsa zokolola choncho kupalira mwachangu ndikofunika
English: If harvesting is delayed, maize, millets and other crops may be damaged by rodents, weevils, birds and other pests
Chichewa: Ngati kukolola kwachedwa, chimanga, mchewere ndi mbewu zina zimaonongeka ndi mbewa, nankafumbwe, mbalame nsi tizilombo tina
English: Farmers should, therefore, be encouraged to carry out cultural practices timely and as recommended
Chichewa: Choncho alimi akulimbikitsidwa kutsatira njira zachikhalidwe munthawi yake komanso motsatira ndondomeko
English: Following proper crop rotation, removal of volunteer plants and other crop hygiene practices will reduce the build-up of weeds, insect pests, nematodes and diseases
Chichewa: Kutsatira moyenera ulimi wa kasinthasintha, kuchotsa mbewu zogwera ndi njira zina zaukhondo wambewu zimachepetsa kuchulukana kwa tchire, tizilombo towononga, mbozi ndi matenda
English: Biological control results from the manipulation of populations of parasitoids, predators and pathogens in reducing the abundance of pest species and maintaining its population at a level lower than it would have been in the absence of these organisms
Chichewa: Njira zachilengedwe zimabwera posokoneza chiwerengero cha tizilombo, zowononga tizilombo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya tizilombo ndi kusunga chiwerengero pa mulingo wotsika kusiyana ndi mmene zikanakhalira popanda zamoyo zimenezi
English: There are other methods of reducing pest problems that are just as effective. These include setting up traps and barriers which disrupt pests moving in a particular area
Chichewa: Palinso njira zina zochepetsera mavuto a tizilombo zomwe ndizabwinonso. Izi ndi monga kuyika misampha ndi zotchinga zomwe zimasokoneza kuyenda kwa tizilombo mudera
English: Control may also be achieved by hand picking and crushing. These methods need to be encouraged as they are cheaper
Chichewa: Kuthana nazo kukhoza kuchitikanso podzigwira ndi manja ndikudzipha. Njira izi zimafuna kulimbikitsidwa chifukwa ndizosafuna ndalama
English: Changing the availability of water, relative humidity, temperature and light conditions especially in storage can make living conditions unfavorable for pests
Chichewa: Kusintha kupezeka kwa madzi, kuchuluka kwa chinyezi mu mpweya koyenera, katenthedwe ndi kuwala makamaka munkhokwe zimapangitsa malo akhale osayenera kukhala tizilombo
English: Cool and dry grain will have fewer pest problems than warm and moist grain. Sterilization of nursery beds by burning is another example of physical control
Chichewa: Mbewu za udzu zozizira ndi zouma zimakhala mavuto a  tizilombo ochepa kusiyana ndi zomwe zili ndi chinyezi. Kupha tizilombo ndi matenda kumanazale powotcha ndi chitsanzo  chabwino chosagwiritsa ntchito zamoyo
English: Farmers should therefore be encouraged to dry their produce thoroughly before storage and sterilize nursery beds before sowing
Chichewa: Choncho alimi alimbikitsidwe kuumitsa mbewu zawo asanadziyike munkhokwe ndipo aphe tizilombo mmanazale asanafetse mbewu
English: Some varieties of crops are more tolerant to pest and disease attacks than others. They suffer less damage and are not easily destroyed
Chichewa: Mitundu ina ya mbewu imapilira kwambiri kugwidwa ndi tizilombo ndi matenda kuposa zina. Zimawonongeka mochepa ndipo zimavuta kuwononga
English: These are called tolerant varieties. Planting them reduces crop damage. For instance, planting hairy cotton varieties reduces jassid population on the leaf thereby minimizing damage. Flint maize suffer less pest damage in storage compared to dent maize
Chichewa: Izi zimatchulidwa mitundu yopilira. Kubzala mbewu zimenezi kumachepetsa kuonongeka kwa zomera. Mwachitsanzo, kubzala mitundu ya thonje ya tsitsi kumachepetsa chiwerengero cha Jassid mmasamba ake kotero kuchepetsa kuwonongedwa. Chimanga cha maso olimba kwambiri sichimagwidwa ndi tizilombo kwambiri munkhokwe kusiyana ndi chofewa
English: Sanitation is the removal and disposal of infected or infested plant or plant parts and wastes; and keeping crop fields and storage facilities as clean as possible as these would be sources of infection or infestation
Chichewa: Ukhondo ndi kuchotsa komanso kutaya zomwera zonse zomwe zagwidwa ndi tizilombo ndi matenda; ndi kusunga minda ndi nkhokwe zaukhondo chifukwa izi zimasunga kapena kufalitsa matenda
English: Removal of volunteer crops deprives a pest or a disease a host on which it would harbor over winter
Chichewa: Kuchotsa mbewu zogwera kumalanda malo omwe tizilombo kapena matenda akanabisala munyengo yozizira
English: Rouging and destruction of infected or infested plants in the nursery and field reduce sources of pests
Chichewa: Kutolera ndi kuwononga mbewu zonse zogwidwa ndi tizilombo mmanazale ndi mminda kumachepetsa malo ochokera tizilombo
English: For example, destruction of infested tomato plants with spider mite will reduce population of the pest for next growing season
Chichewa: Mwachitsanzo, kuwononga tomato wogwidwa ndi matenda a spider mite kumachepetsa chiwerengero cha tizilombo munyengo yolima yotsatirayo
English: Removal of weeds will reduce pest and disease incidences in crop fields. Some rodents such as rats and mice thrive on food wastes that are not properly disposed of
Chichewa: Kuchotsa tchire kumachepetsa kupezeka kwa tizilombo ndi matenda mminda ya mbewu. Zinyama zina monga makoswe ndi mbewa zimachita bwino pa zakudya zotsala zomwe sidzinatayidwe moyenera
English: Removal of such wastes reduces chances of rodent problem developing. Other storage pests such as weevils may remain in storage structures and bags
Chichewa: Kuchotsa zotayidwazi kumechepetsa mwayi woti makoswe ndu mbewa ziswane. Tizilombo tina tamunkhokwe ndi monga nankafumbwe zimatsala munkhokwe ndi mmatumba
English: Cleaning of such storage structures before putting in new harvests would therefore reduce pest load in storage
Chichewa: Choncho kukonza munkhokwemu musanayikidwe zokolola zatsopano kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa tizilombo panthawi yosunga zokolola
English: Plant quarantine is the holding of imported plant material in isolation for a prescribed period to ensure freedom from diseases and insect pests
Chichewa: Kupatula mbewu ndikudziyika pazokha zimatanthauza kuti kusunga mbewu yomwe yagulidwa kunja kwa munda kapena kunja kwadera payokha kwakanthawi ndi cholinga chofuna kuti ikhale yopanda tizilombo kapena matenda
English: Pests which are non- existent in Malawi can be introduced from other countries through imported plant material
Chichewa: Tizilombo tomwe mMalawi muno mulibe tingathe kubwera kuchokera kumayiko ena kudzera kugula mbewu kuchokera kumayiko akunja
English: Plant quarantine is used to control the spread of insect pests and diseases between countries
Chichewa: Kupatula mbewu ndikudzisunga pazokha kukhoza kugwiritsida ntchito pothana ndukufala kwa tizilombo ndi matenda pakati pa mayiko
English: It is therefore the responsibility of every importer and traveler to obtain an import permit from the Ministry of Agriculture before importing such materials
Chichewa: Choncho ndi udindo wa aliyense wogula mbewu kumayiko akunja komanso onse oyenda mmayiko kuti akhale ndi chilolezo kuchokera ku unduna wa zamalimidwe asanayitanitse mbewu zotero
English: Within the country, the most important regulatory control measure is restricting movement of plant material from infected areas to clean areas
Chichewa: Mdziko momwe muno, njira yofunukira yochepetsa kufala kewa tizilombo ndi matenda ndi kuletsa kutenga mbewu kuchokera dera lina kupita nazo kudera kwina
English: Field staff should advise farmers not to transfer infected plant material from one area to another
Chichewa: Alangizi akudera alangize alimi kuti asasamutse mbewu zogwidwa ndi matenda kuchoka kwina kupita nazo kwina
English: Pesticides offer quickest pest control solution. However, they should be used to supplements other methods of pest control
Chichewa: Mankhwala ophera tizilombo amapeleka njira yachidule yachangu yothana ndi tizilombo. Komabe, agwiritsidwe ntchito ngati ongothandizira njira zina zothanirana ndi tizilombo
English: They should therefore, be used only when necessary as they cannot solve all pest problems encountered and besides they may be harmful to the environment, expensive and scarce at times
Chichewa: Choncho, agwiritsidwe ntchito pomwe ndikofunika kutero chifukwa sangathetse mavuto onse a tizilombo omwe akukumana nawo ndipo kupatula izi akhoza kukhala owopsa ku zachilengedwe, odula komanso osowa nthawi zina
English: The use of pesticides is only recommended where it is difficult to control pests through use of other methods
Chichewa: Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi kovomerezeka pokhapo pomwe ndi kovuta kuthana ndi tizilombo pogwiritsa ntchito njira zina
English: Farmers should however, be advised to use recommended pesticides for each type of pest and strictly follow instructions
Chichewa: Choncho alimi alangizidwe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ovomerezeka opehera tizilombopa mtundu uliwonse wa tizilombo ndipo ofunika kutsatira malangizo moyenera
English: It is strongly recommended that farmers buy pesticides from registered dealers and agents only
Chichewa: Ndi koyenera kuti alimi agule mankhwala kuchokera kwa ogulitsa ovomerezeka komanso mthumwi zawo basi
English: Farmers should buy pesticides enough for the season as surpluses may deteriorate, and cause storage and disposal problems. Farmers should be encouraged to read the label before buying and using pesticides
Chichewa: Alimi agule mankhwala ophera tizilombo okhawo ofunika pa nyengo ya ulimiyo chifuka akatsala amatha mphamvu, akhoza kuyambitsa mavuto munkhokwe komanso kuvuta kutaya. Alimi alimbikitsidwe kuwerenga malangizo omwe amatidwa pamankhwala asanagule ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawo
English: Pesticides should be stored safely and properly to avoid poisoning, accidents and enhanced deterioration
Chichewa: Mankhwalawo asungidwe pabwino popewa kuwononga zakudya, ngozi komanso kutha mphamvu mwachangu
English: All types of pesticides should be stored in their original containers under lock and key, away from children and livestock
Chichewa: Mitundu yonse ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo isungidwe mosungira mwake ndipo ikhale kutali ndi ana komanso ziweto
English: Pesticides should be stored under dry conditions and away from direct sunlight. They should not be stored or transported together with food, clothing and furniture. If in doubt, contact the Pesticide Control Board
Chichewa: Mankhwala ophera tizilombo asungidwe pamalo ouma, osafika dzuwa. Asasungidwe kapena kusamusidwa limodzi ndi zakudya, zovala kapena mipando. Ngati mukukayika, funsani mthambi ya Pesticide Control Board
English: There are various pesticides applicators available for use by farmers. Farmers are advised to carefully choose their applicators because failure to do so may result in poor pest control leading to economic loss
Chichewa: Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zipangizo zothilira mankhwala ophera tizilombo zomwe alimi angagwiritse ntchito. Alimi akulangizidwa kusankha mosamala zipangizo zawo chifukwa kulephera kutero kungadzetse kutayika kwa chuma chifukwa cholephera kuthana ndi tizilombo
English: The choice of a sprayer should be based on crop type, area to be covered, pests to be controlled, terrain of the area to be sprayed and initial capital
Chichewa: Kusankha chida chopopera kutsamire pa mtundu wa mbewu, kukula kwa malo, tizilomboto, malo ake oyenera kupopera komanso mpamba woyambira
English: Ultra Low Volume (ULV) and knapsack sprayers are recommended for spraying small crops and bushes including vegetables. Mist blowers can be used for spraying any crop including large trees
Chichewa: Ultra low volume komanso zopopera zobelekera ndizovomerezeka kupopera mbewu zing'onozing'ono komanso tchire kuphatikiza ndiwo zamasamba. Zida zowuzira mpweya zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito popopera mbewu zilizonse kuphatikiza mitengo ikuluikulu
English: All pesticides are dangerous. To prevent accidental poisoning, all pesticides should be properly stored in original labelled containers and be kept away from children
Chichewa: Mankhwala onse ophera tizilombo ndi oopsa. Popewa kuvulala kapena kufa ndi mankhwalawa mwangozi, mankhwala onse ophera tizilombo asungidwe moyenera muzipangizo zawo, zolembedwa bwino pamwamba pake ndipo asungidwe kutali ndi ana
English: Containers which are not clearly labelled or have no labels should not be used. Decanting of pesticides and reuse of containers is totally discouraged as this would also cause accidental poisoning. Safety periods between application and harvesting of food crops have to be strictly observed
Chichewa: Zipangizo zosungira zomwe sidzinalembedwe pamwamba pake kapena zilibe zolemba zilizonse zisagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kutsanyula mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mobwereza zipangizo zosungira ndikoletsedwa chifukwa izi zimadzetsa kuvulala kapena kufa mwangozi. Nthawi yopewa ngozi yapakati pothira ndi kukolola zakudya itsatidwe mwatotomoyo
English: All pesticides users should be trained to handle pesticides with utmost care. The general practice by farmers of spraying without protective clothing should be discouraged as it exposes a large area of the body to the pesticide
Chichewa: Onse ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala aphunzitsidwe kasamalidwe kamankhwala mosamala. Kwambiri, chizolowezi cha alimi chomapopera asanavale zovala zodzitetezera chidzudzulidwe chifukwa zimayika malo ambiri athupi lawo pachiopzeso chogwerapo mankhwala
English: Farmers should be advised to cover as much of their body as possible. Protective clothing should be used and for these purpose overalls, gloves, gum boots and masks are recommended
Chichewa: Alimi alangizidwe kuphimba thuphi lawo lonse. Zovala zodzitetezera zigwiritsidwe ntchito ndipo pantchito iyi zovala zokwana tthupi lonse, zovala mmanja, nsapato zazitali komanso zotchinga kunkhope ndizovomerezeka
English: Where farmers cannot afford overalls and gum boots, they should improvise with plastic bags or any other plastic materials; and where they cannot afford masks, they should improvise with pieces of cloth. Sprayers that are leaking should be repaired before use
Chichewa: Pamene alimi sangakwaitse kugula zovala zotchinga thupi lonse ndi nsapato zazitali, agwiritse tchito zomwe ali nazo monga majumbo kapena mapepala a plastic; ndipo pomwe sangakwanitse kugula zotchinga kunkhope, abise nkhope yawo ndi nsalu. Zopopera zomwe zikudontha zikonzedwe zisanagwiritsidwe ntchito
English: To avoid disposal problems of left over pesticides, farmers should be advised to mix just enough quantity of pesticide for the crop area to be treated
Chichewa: Popewa mavuto otaya mankhwala omwe atsala, alimi alangizidwe kusakaniza mulingo woyenera wamankhwala wokwanira dera lomwe akufuna kupopera
English: If, however, a small quantity of a pesticide remains in the sprayer tank or mixing bucket this should quickly be sprayed over the crop or another crop specified on the label until all is used up
Chichewa: Koma ngati mulingo wochepa wamankhwala watsala mu chipangizo chopopera kapena mu ndowa yosakanizira, izi zithilidwe ku mbewu mwachangu kapena kumbewu ina yomwe yalembedwa pa botolopo mpaka onse atathamo
English: It is recommended that sprayers and mixing buckets should be rinsed at least three times with clean water
Chichewa: Ndikoyenera kuti zipangizo zopopera ndi ndowa zonse zogwiritsa ntchito posakaniza mankhwala zitsukidwe kosachepera katatu ndi madzi oyera
English: Rinsing water should not be disposed of on grazing areas, in open water masses (ponds, streams, rivers and lakes), or sites draining into open water masses as most of them are toxic to human beings, animals, fish and other aquatic organisms
Chichewa: Madzi otsukira asatayidwe pamalo odyetserea ziweto, mmadzi monga pachitsime, mumtsinje, munyanja kapena malo omwe mumadutsa madzi okalowa muzitsime chifukwa ambiri ndi oopsa pa moyo wa munthu, zinyama, nsomba ndi zamoyo zina zammadzi
English: Rinsing water should be buried in a small pit in the field. Paper and polythene packs should be burned in a pit in open air
Chichewa: Madzi otsukura akwiliridwe ma denje laling'ono mmundamo. Mapepala a plastic awontchedwe mu dzenje podutsa mpweya
English: The burning has to be done in an open space with plenty of air since some pesticides can produce fumes that are dangerous
Chichewa: Kuotcha kuchitike pabwalo, podutsa mpweya wambiri chifukwa mankhwala ena amatulutsa utsi woyipa
English: Alternatively burn in an incinerator. Metal container should be perforated and flattened, plastic containers cut and glass containers broken before being buried in a pit
Chichewa: Njira ina ndikuotcha mumphika. Zipangizo za zitsulo zibooledwe ndukuphwanidwa, zipangizo za plastic zidulidwe ndipo za glass ziswedwe zisanakwiliridwe mu dzenje
English: Wherever possible farmers should buy pesticides in small quantities just enough for the season and mixing just enough for that day’s spraying to avoid storage and disposal problems
Chichewa: Ngati nkotheka alimi agule mankhwala ophera tizilombo mmilingo ing'onoing'ono ongokwanira nyengo imeneyo ndikusakaniza okhawo okwanira kuthira patsikulo popewa mavuto akusunga komanso kutaya mankhwala
English: Little is known about the use of natural products such as fish bean (Tephrosia vogelii), neem, dema etc. but small-scale farmers may be using these to control pests
Chichewa: Zochepa zikudziwika pa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mankhwala achilengedwe monga fish bean (Tephrosia vogelii), neem ndi dema mwa zina koma alimi ang'onoang'ono amagwiritsa ntchito zimenezi pothana ndi tizilombo
English: Use of such natural plant products on a commercial scale is not allowed without prior permission from the Ministry of Agriculture
Chichewa: Kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zachilengedwe pantchito ya ulimi wamalonda sikololedwa popanda chilolezo kuchokera ku unduna wa za malimidwe
English: When a person handling a pesticide is contaminated with splashes or spillage, contaminated clothes should be removed and the skin washed with plenty of clean water and soap
Chichewa: Pamene munthu yemwe amagwira mankhwala wayipitsidwa ndi mankhwalawo pomugwera kapena kumutayikira pathupi, zovala zomwe zayipitsidwa ndi mankhwalazo zivulidwe ndipo atsuke khungu lake ndi madzi aukhondo ambirimbiri komanso ndi sopo
English: Contaminated eyes should be rinsed with clean water for at least 15 minutes. In case of poisoning, medical attention should be sought
Chichewa: Ngati mankhwala anagwera mmaso, atsukidwe ndi madzi kw mphindi 15. Ngati mwangozi wamwa mankhwalawa, akasake chithandizo kwa azaumoyo
English: Where possible, first aid as stated on the label can be given before the patient reaches the hospital
Chichewa: Pomwe ndizotheka, chithandizo choyamba chipelekedwe monga mmene alembera pa malangizo omwe ali kunja kwa chipangizo chosungira mankhwala munthu asanafike kuchipatala
English: Make sure to bring to the hospital the pesticide container so that the doctor is able to check specifications on the label
Chichewa: Onetsetsani kuti mwatenga chipangizo chosungira mankhwala ophera tizilombo popita kuchipatala ndi cholinga chakuti adokotala akadziwe zambiri zamkhwalawo pa uthenga umenewo
English: The Department of Agricultural Research Services runs several plant laboratory clinics for pest diagnostic services such as plant disease and insect pest identification
Chichewa: Mthambi yoona kafukufuku wa ulimi imayendetsa ntchito zachipatala cha mbewu zambiri pofuna kupima mbewu monga kuzindikira matenda a mbewu ndi tizilombo towononga
English: After the pest has been identified, its identity and control options are communicated to the farmer if necessary
Chichewa: Kachilombo kaja kakazindikiridwa, zozindikiritsa zake komanso njira zothanirana nako zimalengezedwa kwa alimi ngati nkofunika kutero
English: Deficiencies in soil nutrients in different parts of the country affects crop production negatively. This is addressed through use of fertilizers
Chichewa: Kuchepa kwa michere munthaka mmadera osiyanasiyana mdziko muno amakhudza ulimi wa mbewu moyipa. Izi zimakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza
English: Chemical fertilizers improve crop yields tremendously, especially in maize, tobacco, rice and horticultural crops
Chichewa: Mankhwala a feteleza amachulukitsa zokolola kwambiri makamaka chimanga, fodya, mpunga ndi mbewu zolimidwa mmanyumba
English: They also contribute towards quality improvement for the produce especially when balanced plant nutrients are provided
Chichewa: Zimathandizanso kuwonjezera ubwino wa zokolola makamaka ngati zayikidwa pamulingo woyenera
English: Fertilizers give best results when crop husbandry practices are of high standard. Failure to observe these fundamental principles of good farming will only result in a waste of money spent on fertilizers
Chichewa: Feteleza amabweretsa zotsatira zabwino pamene mbewu zasamalidwa mwa ukadaulo. Kulephera kutsatira mfundo za kalimidwe koyenera kumachititsa kuti ndalama zitayike pogula feteleza
English: When crops are infested with pests, the yield and quality are reduced. It is therefore important that farmers control pests both in the field and in storage
Chichewa: Pamene mbewu zagwidwa ndi tizilombo, zokolola komanso ubwino wa zokolola umatsika. Kotero, nkofunika kuti alimi athane ndi tizilombo mminda komanso munkhokwe
English: Pesticides should only be used if the level of the pest/ disease is at or exceeds the economic threshold level (value of crop saved crop exceeds the cost of control
Chichewa: Mankhwala ophera tizilombo agwiritsidwe ntchito pokhapokha ngati mulingo wa tizilombo kapena matenda wafika kapena wapyola mulingo wachuma chomwe chingadze ku mbewu (ngati ndalama zomwe mbewu zingabweretse zikupyola ndalama zogwiritsa ntchito kuthana ndi tizilombo)
English: Farm implements and draught animals facilitate tillage operations, transport, and proper application of pesticides
Chichewa: Zipangizo za kumunda komanso nyama zokoka zipangizo zimathandiza ntchito yolima, kunyamuka katundu komanso kuthira mankhwala moyenera
English: These include ploughs, ridgers, cultivators, tool bars and treck chains for tillage, farm carts and wheelbarrows for transport
Chichewa: Izi ndi monga zogaulira, zopangira mizere zobzalira, zokokera makasu olimira, ngolo komanso mawilibala zonyamulira katundu
English: Other inputs provided are dairy cows, milking equipment, draught animals, stall feeders and poultry
Chichewa: Zipangizo zina ndi ng'ombe zamkaka, zipangizo zokamira mkaka, zinyama zokoka ngolo, modyetsera ziweto komanso ziweto zamtundu wa mbalame
English: Inputs for livestock production include dairy cows, draught animals, breeding stock, poultry, milking equipment, feeds, drugs and pesticides
Chichewa: Zipangizo zofunikira pa ulimi wa ziweto ndi monga ng'ombe zamkaka, zinyama zokoka ngolo, zinyama zochulukitsira, ziweto za mtundu wa mbalame, zipangizo zokamira mkaka, zakudya, mankhwala komanso mankhwala ophera tizilombo
English: The animals can be sourced from Government farms and other farmers. Feeds, feeders, drinkers can be sourced from agrodealers; drugs, pesticides and vaccines can be sourced from veterinary pharmacies
Chichewa: Zinyamazi zikhoza kupezeda ku minda ya boma ndiponso kwa alimi ena. Zakudya, modyetsera, momwera zikhoza kupezedwa kwa ochita malonda a zaulimi; mankhwala, mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi katemera akhoza kupezeka ku ochita malonda ogulitsa mankhwala a ziweto
English: To ensure adequate supply of farm inputs, estimates should be made in line with demand. Staff should closely monitor their availability, distribution, purchase and use
Chichewa: Pofuna kukhala ndi zipangizo zokwanira nthawi zonse, mulingo woyerekeza upangidwe potengera kuchuluka kwa zipangizo zomwe zikufunidwa. Ogwira ntchito adziyang'ana kupezeka kwawo, kagawidwe, kagulidwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito
English: Soil is a medium for plant growth and is a crucial asset of importance in agricultural production
Chichewa: Dothi ndi chida chothandizira mbewu kuti zikule ndipo ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri pa ulimi
English: Unfortunately soils in Malawi have a serious problem of nutrient deficiency which is caused by a number of factors
Chichewa: Mwatsoka dothi ku Malawi liri ndi mavuto osowa michere zomwe zimadza kamba ka zinthu zingapo
English: Continuous cultivation on the same piece of land with no crop residue incorporation and lack of or inadequate application of chemical fertilizer, has greatly affected soil crop productivity
Chichewa: Kulima mosadukiza pamalo amodzimodzi mopanda kusakaniza zinyalala za mbewu komanso kusathira kapena kusathira makwanira mankhwala a feteleza, zomwe zawononga kwambiri phindu la dothi