dmatekenya/chichewa-machine-translation huggingface dataset:
English: Following the raid, some protesters began to expand their aims to a call for the end of the monarchy. On 18 February, army forces opened fire on protesters when they tried to reenter the roundabout, fatally wounding one
Chichewa: Kutsatira chiwembuchi, anthu ena ochita zionetsero anayamba kukulitsa zolinga zawo n’cholinga chofuna kuthetsa ufumuwo. Pa 18 February, asilikali adawombera anthu ochita ziwonetsero pomwe adayesa kulowanso pamalo ozungulira, omwe adavulaza kwambiri
English: The following day protesters reoccupied Pearl Roundabout after the government ordered troops and police to withdraw
Chichewa: Mawa lake anthu ochita ziwonetsero adalandanso Pearl Roundabout boma litalamula asilikali ndi apolisi kuti achoke
English: Subsequent days saw large demonstrations; on 21 February a pro-government Gathering of National Unity drew tens of thousands, whilst on 22 February the number of protestors at the Pearl Roundabout peaked at over 150,000 after more than 100,000 protesters Marched there and were coming under fire from the Bahraini Military which killed around 20 and injured over 100 protestors
Chichewa: Masiku otsatira adawona ziwonetsero zazikulu; pa 21 February, Msonkhano wochirikiza boma wa National Unity adakoka masauzande ambiri, pomwe pa 22 February kuchuluka kwa ochita ziwonetsero ku Pearl Roundabout kudafika pachimake pa anthu zikwi zana limodzi ndi makumi asanu pambuyo pa ziwonetsero zopitilira zikwi zana limodzi zomwe zidaguba kumeneko ndipo zidawotchedwa ndi Asitikali a Bahrain omwe adapha. pafupifupi makumi awiri ndi kuvulaza owonetsa oposa zana limodzi
English: The police response has been described as a "brutal" crackdown on peaceful and unarmed protestors, including doctors and bloggers. The police carried out midnight house raids in Shia neighbourhoods, beatings at checkpoints, and denial of medical care in a "campaign of intimidation"
Chichewa: Kuyankha kwa apolisi kwafotokozedwa ngati 'nkhanza' yolimbana ndi ziwonetsero zamtendere komanso zopanda zida, kuphatikiza madotolo ndi olemba mabulogu. Apolisi adachita zigawenga zapakati pausiku m'malo oyandikana nawo a Shia, kumenyedwa pamalo ochezera, komanso kukana chithandizo chamankhwala mu 'kampeni yowopseza'
English: More than 2,929 people have been arrested, and at least five people died due to torture while in police custody
Chichewa: Anthu opitilira zikwi ziwiri, mazana asanu ndi anayi kudzanso makumi awiri ndi asanu ndi anayi amangidwa, ndipo anthu osachepera asanu amwalira chifukwa chozunzidwa ali m'manja mwa apolisi
English: On 23 November 2011, the Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry released its report on its investigation of the events, finding that the government had systematically tortured prisoners and committed other human rights violations
Chichewa: Pa 23 November 2011, bungwe loona za ufulu wa anthu ku Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry lidatulutsa lipoti lake lofufuza zomwe zachitika, likupeza kuti boma lidazunza akaidi mwadongosolo komanso kuphwanya ufulu wina wa anthu
English: It also rejected the government's claims that the protests were instigated by Iran. Although the report found that systematic torture had stopped, the Bahraini government has refused entry to several international human rights groups and news organizations, and delayed a visit by a UN inspector. More than 80 people had died since the start of the uprising
Chichewa: Yakananso zomwe boma linanena kuti ziwonetserozi zidayambitsidwa ndi dziko la Iran. Ngakhale lipotilo lidapeza kuti kuzunzidwa mwadongosolo kwasiya, boma la Bahrain lakana kulowa m'mabungwe angapo omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe wapadziko lonse lapansi ndi mabungwe azofalitsa nkhani, ndikuchedwetsa ulendo wa woyendera UN. Anthu oposa makumi asanu ndi atatu  amwalira chiyambireni zipolowezo
English: Even a decade after the 2011 uprisings, the situation in Bahrain remained unchanged. The regime continued suppression against all forms of dissent
Chichewa: Ngakhale zaka khumi pambuyo pa ziwonetsero za 2011, zinthu ku Bahrain sizinasinthe. Boma lidapitilira kupondereza anthu onse osagwirizana.
English: Years after the demonstrations, the Bahraini authorities are known to have accelerated their crackdown. They have been targeting human rights defenders, journalists, Shiite political groups and social media critics
Chichewa: Zaka zingapo pambuyo pa ziwonetserozi, akuluakulu a boma la Bahrain amadziwika kuti afulumizitsa kusokoneza kwawo. Iwo akhala akulimbana ndi omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe, atolankhani, magulu a ndale achi Shiite komanso otsutsa pazama media
English: The aftermath of the uprising that took place in Egypt was deemed to turn out successfully. However, a December 2020 report published by PRI's The World, the Egyptian government increased its executions by more than twofold
Chichewa: Zotsatira za zipolowe zomwe zidachitika ku Egypt zidawoneka kuti zidayenda bwino. Komabe, lipoti la December 2020 lofalitsidwa ndi PRI's The World, boma la Egypt lidawonjezera kuphedwa kwake mopitilira kawiri
English: As a result, the government put to death approximately 60 people. This included human rights activists who were arrested in November 2020
Chichewa: Chifukwa cha zimenezi, boma linapha anthu pafupifupi makumi asanu ndi limodzi. Izi zikuphatikiza omenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe omwe adamangidwa mu November 2020
English: Anti-government protests began in Libya on 15 February 2011. By 18 February, the opposition controlled most of Benghazi, the country's second-largest city
Chichewa: Zionetsero zotsutsana ndi boma zinayamba ku Libya pa 15 February 2011. Pofika 18 February, otsutsa ankalamulira kwambiri Benghazi, mzinda wachiwiri waukulu kwambiri m'dzikoli
English: The government dispatched elite troops and militia in an attempt to recapture it, but they were repelled. By 20 February, protests had spread to the capital Tripoli, leading to a television address by Saif al-Islam Gaddafi, who warned the protestors that their country could descend into civil war
Chichewa: Boma linatumiza asilikali apamwamba komanso asilikali kuti akagwirenso asilikaliwo, koma anawakaniza. Pofika pa 20 February, zionetsero zidafalikira ku likulu la Tripoli, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti Saif al-Islam Gaddafi alankhule pawailesi yakanema, yemwe adachenjeza ochita ziwonetserozo kuti dziko lawo litha kulowa m'nkhondo yapachiweniweni
English: The rising death toll, numbering in the thousands, drew international condemnation and resulted in the resignation of several Libyan diplomats, along with calls for the government's dismantlement
Chichewa: Chiwopsezo chokwera cha anthu ophedwa, okwana masauzande ambiri, chidadzudzula mayiko ambiri ndipo zidapangitsa kuti akazembe angapo aku Libya atule pansi udindo, komanso pempho loti boma lichotsedwe
English: Amidst ongoing efforts by demonstrators and rebel forces to wrest control of Tripoli from the Jamahiriya, the opposition set up an interim government in Benghazi to oppose Colonel Muammar Gaddafi's rule
Chichewa: Pakati pa ziwonetsero ndi zigawenga zomwe zikupitilira kulanda Tripoli ku Jamahiriya, otsutsa adakhazikitsa boma laling'ono ku Benghazi kuti litsutse ulamuliro wa Colonel Muammar Gaddafi
English: However, despite initial opposition success, government forces subsequently took back much of the Mediterranean coast
Chichewa: Komabe, ngakhale kuti chitsutsocho chinapambana poyamba, asilikali a boma adabwereranso ku gombe la Mediterranean
English: The forces were driven back from the outskirts of Benghazi, and the rebels mounted an offensive, capturing scores of towns across the coast of Libya
Chichewa: Asilikali adabwezeredwa m'mphepete mwa Benghazi, ndipo zigawengazo zidachita zonyansa, zomwe zidalanda matauni ambiri kudutsa gombe la Libya
English: The offensive stalled however, and a counter-offensive by the government retook most of the towns, until a stalemate was formed between Brega and Ajdabiya, the former being held by the government and the latter in the hands of the rebels
Chichewa: Kuukiraku kudayima, ndipo kutsutsana ndi boma kudalandanso matauni ambiri, mpaka chipwirikiti chidakhazikitsidwa pakati pa Brega ndi Ajdabiya, yemwe kale anali m'boma ndipo womalizawo m'manja mwa zigawenga
English: Focus then shifted to the west of the country, where bitter fighting continued. After a three-month-long battle, a loyalist siege of rebel-held Misrata, the third largest city in Libya, was broken in large part due to coalition air strikes
Chichewa: Kenako maganizo anasamukira kumadzulo kwa dzikolo, kumene kumenyana koopsa kunapitirira. Pambuyo pa nkhondo yomwe yatenga miyezi itatu, anthu okhulupirika adazinga mzinda wa Misrata, womwe ndi mzinda wachitatu waukulu kwambiri ku Libya, udasweka chifukwa cha kuukira kwa mgwirizano wa mgwirizano wa ndege
English: The four major fronts of combat were generally considered to be the Nafusa Mountains, the Tripolitanian coast, the Gulf of Sidra, and the southern Libyan Desert
Chichewa: Mbali zinayi zazikuluzikulu zankhondo nthawi zambiri zimaganiziridwa kuti ndi mapiri a Nafusa, gombe la Tripolitanian, Gulf of Sidra, ndi Chipululu chakumwera cha Libyan
English: In late August, anti-Gaddafi fighters captured Tripoli, scattering Gaddafi's government and marking the end of his 42 years of power
Chichewa: Chakumapeto kwa August, zigawenga zolimbana ndi Gaddafi zidalanda Tripoli, ndikubalalitsa boma la Gaddafi ndikuzindikira kutha kwa zaka zake makumi anayi ndi ziwiri zaulamuliro
English: Many institutions of the government, including Gaddafi and several top government officials, regrouped in Sirte, which Gaddafi declared to be Libya's new capital
Chichewa: Mabungwe ambiri aboma, kuphatikiza Gaddafi ndi akuluakulu angapo aboma, adasonkhananso ku Sirte, komwe Gaddafi adalengeza kuti ndi likulu latsopano la Libya
English: On 23 October 2011 Tunisians voted in the first post-revolution election to elect representatives to a 217-member constituent assembly that would be responsible for the new constitution
Chichewa: Pa 23 October 2011 anthu a ku Tunisia anavota pachisankho choyamba pambuyo pakugalukira boma kuti asankhe owayimilira ku msonkhano wa anthu mazana awiri kudzanso khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri omwe adzakhale ndi udindo wokonza malamulo atsopano
English: On 26 January 2014 a new constitution was adopted. The constitution is seen as progressive, increasing human rights, gender equality, and government duties toward people, laying the groundwork for a new parliamentary system and making Tunisia a decentralized and open government
Chichewa: Pa 26 January 2014 lamulo latsopano linavomerezedwa. Lamuloli likuwoneka kuti likupita patsogolo, likuchulukitsa ufulu wachibadwidwe, kufanana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, komanso ntchito zaboma kwa anthu, kuyala maziko a dongosolo latsopano lanyumba yamalamulo ndikupanga Tunisia kukhala boma lomasuka komanso lomasuka
English: On 26 October 2014 Tunisia held its first parliamentary elections since the 2011 Arab Spring and its presidential election on 23 November 2014, finishing its transition to a democratic state
Chichewa: Pa 26 October 2014 Tunisia idachita zisankho zake zoyambirira zanyumba yamalamulo kuyambira 2011 Arab Spring ndi zisankho zake zamtsogoleri wa dziko pa 23 Novembara 2014, ndikumaliza kusintha kwawo kukhala dziko la ufulu wodzilamulira
English: On 23 September, three months since the assassination attempt, Saleh returned to Yemen abruptly, defying all earlier expectations
Chichewa: Pa 23 September, miyezi itatu kuyambira pomwe adayesa kupha, Saleh adabwerera ku Yemen mwadzidzidzi, kutsutsa zomwe zidalipo kale
English: Although the long-term effects of the Arab Spring have yet to be shown, its short-term consequences varied greatly across the Middle East and North Africa
Chichewa: Ngakhale zotsatira za nthawi yayitali za Arab Spring sizinawonekere, zotsatira zake zazifupi zimasiyana kwambiri ku Middle East ndi North Africa
English: In Tunisia and Egypt, where the existing regimes were ousted and replaced through a process of free and fair election, the revolutions were considered short-term successes
Chichewa: Ku Tunisia ndi Egypt, komwe maulamuliro omwe analipo adachotsedwa ndikulowedwa m'malo ndi chisankho chaufulu ndi chilungamo, zosinthazo zidawonedwa ngati kupambana kwakanthawi
English: This interpretation is, however, problematized by the subsequent political turmoil that emerged, particularly in Egypt. Elsewhere, most notably in the monarchies of Morocco and the Persian Gulf, existing regimes co-opted the Arab Spring movement and managed to maintain order without significant social change
Chichewa: Kutanthauzira uku, komabe, kumavutitsidwa ndi zipolowe zandale zomwe zidayamba, makamaka ku Egypt. Kwina konse, makamaka m'mafumu a Morocco ndi Persian Gulf, maulamuliro omwe analipo adasankha gulu la Arab Spring ndipo adatha kusunga bata popanda kusintha kwakukulu kwachikhalidwe
English: One of the primary influences that have been highlighted in the analysis of the Arab Spring is the relative strength or weakness of a society's formal and informal institutions prior to the revolts
Chichewa: Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zawonetsedwa pakuwunika kwa Arab Spring ndi kulimba kapena kufooka kwa mabungwe aboma komanso osakhazikika zipolowe zisanachitike
English: Also crucial was the degree of state censorship over print, broadcast, and social media in different countries
Chichewa: Chofunikiranso chinali kuchuluka kwa kuwunika kwa boma pazosindikiza, kuwulutsa, komanso pazama TV m'maiko osiyanasiyana
English: Strong authoritarian regimes with high degrees of censorship in their national broadcast media were able to block communication and prevent the domestic spread of information necessary for successful protests
Chichewa: Maulamuliro amphamvu aulamuliro omwe ali ndi magawo akulu akuwunika pazofalitsa zawo zowulutsira dziko adatha kuletsa kulumikizana ndikuletsa kufalikira kwapanyumba kwa zidziwitso zofunika kuti ziwonetsero zichite bwino
English: Countries with greater access to social media, such as Tunisia and Egypt, proved more effective in mobilizing large groups of people, and appear to have been more successful overall than those with greater state control over media
Chichewa: Maiko omwe ali ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, monga Tunisia ndi Egypt, adachita bwino kwambiri kulimbikitsa magulu akuluakulu a anthu, ndipo akuwoneka kuti achita bwino kwambiri kuposa omwe ali ndi ulamuliro wochuluka wa boma
English: Although social media played a large role in shaping the events of revolutions social activism did not occur in a vacuum. Without the use of street level organization social activists would not have been as effective
Chichewa: Ngakhale kuti chikhalidwe cha anthu chinathandiza kwambiri pakupanga zochitika za revolutions social activism sizinachitike popanda kanthu. Popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mabungwe omenyera misewu omenyera ufulu wa anthu sakadakhala othandiza
English: Even though a revolution did take place and the prior government has been replaced, Tunisia's government cannot conclude that another uprising will not take place. There are still many grievances taking place today
Chichewa: Ngakhale kuti kusintha kunachitika ndipo boma lapitalo lasinthidwa, boma la Tunisia silingaganize kuti zipolowe zina sizichitika. Pali zodandaula zambiri zomwe zikuchitika lero
English: Due to tourism coming to a halt and other factors during the revolution and Arab Spring movement, the budget deficit has grown and unemployment has risen since 2011
Chichewa: Chifukwa cha zokopa alendo zomwe zayima komanso zinthu zina panthawi ya Revolution ndi Arab Spring, kuchepa kwa ndondomeko ya chuma kwakula ndipo kusowa kwa ntchito kwakwera kuyambira 2011
English: Still to this day, in countries affected by the Arab Spring, there is great division amongst those who prefer the status quo and those who want democratic change
Chichewa: Mpaka lero, m'mayiko omwe akukhudzidwa ndi Arab Spring, pali kugawanika kwakukulu pakati pa iwo omwe amakonda zomwe zilipo komanso omwe akufuna kusintha kwaufulu wodzilamulira
English: As these regions dive ever deeper into political conflict time will show if new ideas can be established or if old institutions will still stand strong
Chichewa: Pamene maderawa akulowera mozama kwambiri mu nthawi ya mikangano ya ndale iwonetsa ngati malingaliro atsopano angakhazikitsidwe kapena ngati mabungwe akale akadali olimba
English: The largest change from the pre-revolution to the post-revolution was in the attempt to break up political elites and reshape the geopolitical structure of the middle east
Chichewa: Kusintha kwakukulu kwambiri kuchokera ku chisinthiko chisanachitike mpaka chisinthiko chinali chofuna kusokoneza anthu apamwamba andale ndikukonzanso mawonekedwe apakati apakati apakati
English: It is speculated that many of the changes brought on by the Arab Spring will lead to a shifting of regional power in the Middle East and a quickly changing structure of power
Chichewa: Zikuganiziridwa kuti zosintha zambiri zomwe zidabweretsedwa ndi Arab Spring zipangitsa kusintha kwa mphamvu zachigawo ku Middle East ndikusintha mwachangu mphamvu
English: The support, even if tacit, of national military forces during protests has also been correlated to the success of the Arab Spring movement in different countries
Chichewa: Thandizo, ngakhale lopanda phokoso, la asilikali ankhondo adziko panthawi ya zionetsero zakhala zikugwirizananso ndi kupambana kwa gulu la Arab Spring m'maiko osiyanasiyana
English: In Egypt and Tunisia, the military actively participated in ousting the incumbent regime and in facilitating the transition to democratic elections
Chichewa: Ku Egypt ndi Tunisia, asitikali adatenga nawo gawo pochotsa boma lomwe lidalipo komanso kuthandizira kusintha zisankho zaufulu wodzilamulira
English: Countries like Saudi Arabia, on the other hand, exhibited a strong mobilization of military force against protesters, effectively ending the revolts in their territories; others, including Libya and Syria, failed to stop the protests entirely and instead ended up in civil war
Chichewa: Mayiko monga Saudi Arabia, kumbali ina, adawonetsa kulimbikitsa mphamvu zankhondo zotsutsana ndi otsutsa, kuthetsa bwino zigawenga m'madera awo; ena, kuphatikiza Libya ndi Syria, adalephera kuyimitsa ziwonetserozo kwathunthu ndipo m'malo mwake zidathera pankhondo yapachiweniweni
English: The support of the military in Arab Spring protests has also been linked to the degree of ethnic homogeneity in different societies
Chichewa: Thandizo la asitikali pa zionetsero za Arab Spring lalumikizidwanso ndi kuchuluka kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana m'magulu osiyanasiyana
English: In Saudi Arabia and Syria, where the ruling elite was closely linked with ethnic or religious subdivisions of society, the military sided with the existing regime and took on the ostensible role of protector to minority populations
Chichewa: Ku Saudi Arabia ndi Syria, komwe akuluakulu olamulira anali ogwirizana kwambiri ndi magawo amitundu kapena azipembedzo, asitikali adagwirizana ndi boma lomwe lidalipo ndipo adatenga udindo wodzitchinjiriza kwa anthu ochepa
English: The presence of a strong, educated middle class has been noted as a correlate to the success of the Arab Spring in different countries
Chichewa: Kukhalapo kwa gulu lolimba, lophunzira lapakati kwadziwika ngati cholumikizira chakuchita bwino kwa Arab Spring m'maiko osiyanasiyana
English: Countries with strong welfare programs and a weak middle class, such as Saudi Arabia and Jordan, as well as countries with great economic disparity and an impoverished working class did not experience successful revolutions
Chichewa: Maiko omwe ali ndi mapulogalamu amphamvu a umoyo wabwino komanso ofooka apakati, monga Saudi Arabia ndi Jordan, komanso mayiko omwe ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pazachuma komanso anthu osauka omwe sanachitepo bwino kusintha
English: The strength of the middle class is, in turn, directly connected to the existing political, economic, and educational institutions in a country, and the middle class itself may be considered an informal institution
Chichewa: Mphamvu za anthu apakati, nawonso, zimalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi mabungwe omwe alipo andale, azachuma, ndi maphunziro m'dziko, ndipo gulu lapakati palokha limatha kuwonedwa ngati bungwe losakhazikika
English: In very broad terms, this may be reframed in terms of development, as measured by various indicators such as the Human Development Index: rentier states such as the oil monarchies of the Persian Gulf exhibited less successful revolutions overall
Chichewa: Mwanjira zambiri, izi zitha kusinthidwanso malinga ndi chitukuko, monga momwe zimayesedwera ndi zisonyezo zosiyanasiyana monga Human Development Index: mayiko obwereketsa monga ma monarchies amafuta aku Persian Gulf adawonetsa kusintha kosapambana konse
English: The bloodiest, most vicious, and most pertinent struggles occur squarely inside the Sunni world. Sectarianism is a politically expedient fable, conveniently used to cover up old-fashioned power struggles, maltreatment of minorities, and cruel totalitarian practices
Chichewa: Kulimbana kokhetsa magazi, koyipa kwambiri, komanso koyenera kwambiri kumachitika mkati mwa dziko la Sunni. Mipatuko ndi nthano yothandiza pazandale, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mosavuta kubisa mikangano yakalekale, kuchitira nkhanza anthu ang'onoang'ono, ndi machitidwe ankhanza ankhanza
English: The deadliest incident of civil unrest in Iraq since the fall of Saddam Hussein resulted in its Prime Minister being replaced
Chichewa: Chochitika choopsa kwambiri cha zipolowe ku Iraq kuyambira pomwe Saddam Hussein adagwa zidapangitsa kuti Prime Minister wake alowe m'malo
English: Sustained civil disobedience in Sudan resulted in the overthrow of president Omar al-Bashir in a military coup d'état, the Khartoum massacre, and the transfer of power from a military junta to a combined military–civilian Sovereignty Council that is legally committed to a 39-month transition to democracy
Chichewa: Kusamvera malamulo kwa anthu ku Sudan kudapangitsa kuti mtsogoleri wa dziko Omar al-Bashir agwetsedwe pampando wankhondo, kupha anthu ambiri ku Khartoum, komanso kusamutsidwa mphamvu kuchokera ku gulu lankhondo kupita ku bungwe lophatikizana lankhondo ndi Civil Sovereignty Council lomwe ladzipereka mwalamulo ku bungwe lolamulira. Kusintha kwa miyezi 39 kupita ku ufulu wodzilamulira
English: Some observers and social analysts remarked, however, that the issue of social justice remained a rhetoric or was marginalized
Chichewa: Ena owonera komanso openda za chikhalidwe cha anthu adanena, komabe, kuti nkhani ya chilungamo cha chikhalidwe cha anthu idakhalabe yongopeka kapena idanyozedwa
English: Different social forces played a crucial role in matters related to social demands and achieving social justice. "This role varies between those who advocate these demands and those who reject them, according to the social nature of each of these forces."
Chichewa: Magulu osiyanasiyana a anthu adachita mbali yofunika kwambiri pazinthu zokhudzana ndi zofuna za anthu komanso kukwaniritsa chilungamo cha anthu. 'Udindo uwu umasiyana pakati pa omwe amalimbikitsa zofunazi ndi omwe amazikana, malingana ndi chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe chilichonse cha mphamvuzi.'
English: "Bread, freedom and social justice" were the main slogans of the Arab revolutions. But although social and economic demands were raised, "they were pushed aside in the political arena, and more attention was given to issues such as the transfer of power arrangements, the constitution first, the elections first, democratic transformation and the religious-secular conflict
Chichewa: 'Mkate, Ufulu ndi Chilungamo' chinali mawu akulu a Chibrable. Koma ngakhale zidakonzedwa kuti zikhale zachitukuko komanso zachuma zidawukitsidwa, 'adaziika chidwi chachikulu ndi zovuta monga kusamutsa mphamvu, zisankho zoyambirira, mikangano yachipembedzo
English: Attempts to bring about radical changes, by punishing and excluding a large part of the old elite, are not possible by democratic means, because such efforts elicit a strong reaction – a counterrevolution – leading to violence and repression
Chichewa: Kuyesera kubweretsa kusintha kwakukulu, kulanga ndikupatula gawo lalikulu la anthu osankhika akale, sikutheka ndi njira zaufulu wodzilamulira, chifukwa zoyesayesa zotere zimapangitsa kuti anthu achitepo kanthu - kutsutsa - kubweretsa chiwawa ndi kuponderezana
English: Just a week before the beginning of the uprising, the sample of 2,956 people expressed that achieving justice and political stability, lowering prices, having access to clean drinking water, and providing comfortable transportation topped the list of changes they desired for their country
Chichewa: Patangotsala sabata imodzi kuti zipolowe ziyambe, zitsanzo za anthu zikwi ziwiri, mazana asanu ndianayi kudzanso makumi asanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi (2,956) zidawonetsa kuti kukwaniritsa chilungamo ndi bata landale, kutsitsa mitengo, kupeza madzi akumwa aukhondo, komanso mayendedwe abwino ndizomwe zidapangitsa kusintha komwe akufuna m'dziko lawo
English: The demands of the genuine grassroots movements are unlikely "to be attained through a peaceful process – one without violence and the violation of the human rights of many
Chichewa: Zofuna za magulu enieni apansi panthaka sizingatheke 'kukwaniritsidwa mwamtendere - popanda chiwawa komanso kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu ambiri
English: The continuing HIV pandemic, starting in 1981, has infected and led to the deaths of millions of people around the world. Emerging and improved pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) treatments that aim to reduce the spread of the disease have proven effective in limiting the spread of HIV alongside combined use of safe sex methods, sexual health education, needle exchange programmes, and sexual health screenings
Chichewa: Mliri wa HIV womwe ukupitilira, kuyambira mu chaka 1981, wapatsira ndikupangitsa kufa kwa mamiliyoni a anthu padziko lonse lapansi. Njira zochiritsira zomwe zikubwera komanso zotsogola za pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) ndi post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) zomwe cholinga chake chochepetsa kufalikira kwa matendawa zatsimikizira kuti zimathandizira kuchepetsa kufala kwa kachirombo ka HIV limodzi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zogonana zotetezeka, maphunziro azaumoyo, singano. kusinthana ma pologalamu, ndikuwunika thanzi la kugonana
English: Efforts to find a HIV vaccine are ongoing whilst health inequities have left certain population groups, like trans women, as well as resource limited regions, like sub-Saharan Africa, at greater risk of contracting HIV compared with, for example, developed countries
Chichewa: Zoyesayesa zopezera katemera wa HIV zikupitilira pomwe kusalingana kwaumoyo kwasiya magulu ena a anthu, monga trans women, komanso madera ochepa, monga sub-Saharan Africa, ali pachiwopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka HIV poyerekeza ndi mayiko otukuka
English: The outbreak of COVID-19, starting in 2019, and subsequent declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic by the WHO is a major pandemic event within the early 21st century
Chichewa: Kuphulika kwa COVID-19, kuyambira mu chaka cha 2019, komanso kulengeza kwa mliri wa COVID-19 ndi WHO ndi mliri waukulu kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri ndi chimodzi
English: Causing global disruptions, millions of infections and deaths, the pandemic has caused suffering throughout communities. The pandemic has also seen some of the largest logistical organisations of goods, medical equipment, medical professionals, and military personnel since World War II that highlights its far-reaching impact
Chichewa: Kuyambitsa chisokonezo padziko lonse lapansi, mamiliyoni a matenda ndi kufa, mliriwu wadzetsa mavuto m'madera onse. Mliriwu wawonanso mabungwe akuluakulu ogulitsa katundu, zida zamankhwala, azachipatala, ndi asitikali kuyambira Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse yomwe ikuwonetsa zomwe zakhudza kwambiri
English: Why should the care of mothers and children need major consideration and be part of every programme that is taking care of people’s health? The important considerations and justifications include:
Chichewa: N’chifukwa chiyani chisamaliro cha amayi ndi ana chiyenera kuganiziridwa kwambiri ndi kukhala mbali ya pulogalamu iliyonse yosamalira thanzi la anthu? Zolinga zazikulu ndi zomveka ndi izi:
English: Maternal mortality is an adverse outcome of many pregnancies. Miscarriage, induced abortion, and other factors, are causes for over 40 percent of the pregnancies in developing countries to result in complications, illnesses, or permanent disability for the mother or child
Chichewa: Imfa za amayi oyembekezera ndi zotsatira zoyipa za amayi ambiri oyembekezera. Kupita padera, kuchotsa mimba kochititsidwa ndi zinthu zina, ndi zinthu zina, n’zimene zimachititsa kuti amayi oposa makumi anayi pa zana alionse amene ali ndi pakati m’mayiko osauka abweretse mavuto, matenda, kapena kulemala kosatha kwa mayi kapena mwana
English: About 80 percent of maternal deaths in are directed obstetric deaths. They result "from obstetric complications of the pregnant state (pregnancy, labour, and puerperium), from intervention, omissions, incprrect treatment, or from a chain of eventsresulting from any of the above
Chichewa: Pafupifupi ma peresenti makumi asanu ndi atsatu ya imfa za amayi oyembekezera zimafa mongoyembekezera. Izi zimabwera chifukwa cha zovuta zapakati pamimba (pakati, kubereka, kubereka), chifukwa cholowererapo, kulephera, kusamalidwa bwino, kapena zochitika zambiri zobwera chifukwa cha zilizonse zomwe zili pamwambazi
English: Most pregnant women in the developing world receive insufficient or no prenatal care and deliver without help from appropriately trained health care providers. More than 7 million newborn deaths are believed to result from maternal health problems and their mismanagement
Chichewa: Amayi ambiri oyembekezera m'mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene salandira chithandizo chokwanira kapena salandira chithandizo chokwanira ndipo amabereka popanda thandizo kuchokera kwa azaumoyo ophunzitsidwa bwino. Amafa obadwa kumene opitilira ma miliyoni asanu nidawiri akukhulupirira kuti amayamba chifukwa cha zovuta za amayi oyembekezera komanso kusamalidwa bwino
English: Poorly timed unwanted pregnancies carry high risks of morbidity and mortality, as well as social and economic costs, particularly to the adolescent and many unwanted pregnancies end in unsafe abortion
Chichewa: Mimba yosayembekezereka imakhala ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu cha kudwala ndi kufa, komanso zowonongera pazachuma, makamaka kwa achinyamata komanso mimba zambiri zapathengo zimatha kuchotsa mimba mwangozi
English: Poor maternal health hurts women's productivity, their families' welfare, and socio-economic development.  Large number of women suffer severe chronic illnesses that can be exacerbated by
Chichewa: Kupelewera kwa thanzi la amayi kumasokoneza ntchito za amayi, ubwino wa mabanja awo, ndi chitukuko cha chikhalidwe ndi zachuma. Amayi ambiri amadwala matenda osachiritsika omwe amatha kukulitsidwa ndi
English: Infectious diseases like malaria are more prevalent in pregnant women than in non-pregnant women (most common in the first pregnancy). In addition, an increasing number of pregnant women are testing positive for the human immunodeficiency virus
Chichewa: Matenda opatsirana monga malungo amafala kwambiri mwa amayi apakati kusiyana ndi amayi omwe sali oyembekezera (ofala kwambiri pa mimba yoyamba). Kuonjezera apo, amayi oyembekezera akuchulukirachulukira akuyezetsa kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV
English: In Sub-Saharan Africa, 3 million women are estimated to be infected with the AIDS virus and a woman with HIV has a 25 to 40 percent chance of passing the infection on to her fetus in the womb or at birth
Chichewa: Ku sub-Saharan Africa, amayi miliyoni atatu akuti ali ndi kachilombo ka Edzi ndipo mkazi yemwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ali ndi mwayi wapakati pa makumi awiri ndiasanu mpaka makumi anayi peresenti ya kupatsira kachilomboka m'mimba mwake kapena pobadwa
English: Many women suffer pregnancy-related disabilities like uterine prolapse long after delivery due to early marriage and childbearing and high fertility
Chichewa: Amayi ambiri amavutika ndi zolemala zobwera chifukwa cha pakati monga kuchulukira kwa chiberekero pakapita nthawi yayitali atabereka chifukwa cholowa m'banja ndi kubereka komanso kubereka kwakukulu
English: Nutritional problems are severe among pregnant mothers and 60 to 70 percent of pregnant women in developing countries are estimated to be anaemic. Women with poor nutritional status are more likely to
Chichewa: Mavuto a zakudya m’thupi ndi aakulu kwambiri kwa amayi oyembekezera ndipo makumi asanu nid chimodzi mpaka maperesenti makumi asanu ndiziwiri ya amayi apakati a m’mayiko otukuka kumene akuti ali ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi m’thupi. Amayi omwe ali ndi vuto lodya zakudya zopatsa thanzi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndikuthekera
English: deliver a low-birth -weight infant
Chichewa: kobereka mwana wobadwa - wolemera pang'ono
English: Majority of perinatal deaths are associated with maternal complications, poor management techniques during labour and delivery, and maternal health and nutritional status before and during pregnancy
Chichewa: Imfa zambiri za oyembekezera zimayenderana ndi zovuta za amayi oyembekezera, kusamalidwa bwino pa nthawi yobereka ndi yobereka, komanso thanzi la amayi ndi kadyedwe kamene kamakhalapo asanabadwe komanso ali ndi pakati
English: The large majority of pregnancies that end in a maternal death also result in fetal or perinatal death. Among infants who survive the death of the mother, fewer than 10 percent live beyond their first birthday
Chichewa: Mimba yochuluka yomwe imathera pa imfa ya amayi imabweretsanso imfa ya mwana wosabadwayo kapena wobereka. Mwa makanda amene amapulumuka imfa ya amayi, ochepera ma peresenti khumi amakhala ndi moyo kupyola tsiku lawo loyamba lobadwa
English: Ante partum haemorrhage, eclampsia, and other complications are associated with large number of perinatal deaths each year in developing countries plus considerable suffering and poor growth and the development of those infants who survive
Chichewa: Kutaya magazi m'mimba, eclampsia, ndi zovuta zina zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha imfa za obereketsa chaka chilichonse m'mayiko osauka kuphatikizapo kuvutika kwakukulu ndi kukula kosauka komanso kukula kwa makanda omwe apulumuka
English: Development impairments among children due to poor management during labour and delivery. Low birth weight babies. Because many women are fed less, marry early, carry a heavy workload, and spend a considerable portion of their lifespan in pregnancy and lactation, they are exposed to persistent low nutritional status and high-energy expenditure
Chichewa: Kuwonongeka kwa chitukuko pakati pa ana chifukwa chosasamalidwa bwino panthawi yobereka komanso yobereka. Ana obadwa ochepa thupi. Chifukwa chakuti amayi ambiri amadyetsedwa mochepa, amakwatiwa msanga, amagwira ntchito yolemetsa, ndipo amakhala ndi nthawi yochuluka ya moyo wawo ali ndi pakati ndi kuyamwitsa, amakumana ndi vuto losadya zakudya zopatsa thanzi komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri
English: This predisposes mothers to bear low-birth-weight infants. Women often lack access to relevant information, trained providers and supplies, emergency transport, and other essential services
Chichewa: Izi zimapangitsa kuti amayi athe kubereka makanda ocheperako. Amayi nthawi zambiri samapeza chidziwitso chofunikira, othandizira ophunzitsidwa bwino ndi zida, zoyendera mwadzidzidzi, ndi zina zofunika
English: Cultural attitudes and practices impede women's use of services that are available. Children whose earliest years are faced by hunger or disease or whose minds are not stimulated by appropriate interaction with adults and their environment will experience grave and negative consequence throughout their lives-and so does society as they would be less contributory member
Chichewa: Zikhalidwe ndi zikhalidwe zimalepheretsa amayi kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito zomwe zilipo. Ana omwe zaka zawo zoyambirira amakumana ndi njala kapena matenda kapena omwe malingaliro awo salimbikitsidwa ndi kugwirizana koyenera ndi akuluakulu ndi malo omwe amakhala nawo adzakhala ndi zotsatira zoipa komanso zoipa m'miyoyo yawo yonse-ndi momwenso anthu amachitira monga momwe angakhalire mamembala ochepa
English: Given the magnitude of these problems and the interventions available, much has not been done. Most of these problems are silent. They remain, to a large extent, uncounted and unreported. Maternal and child health programmes should focus on addressing these problems, clarifying policy and program alternatives and identifying cost-effective health-related program interventions that are likely to reduce maternal and child morbidity and mortality
Chichewa: Poganizira kukula kwa mavutowa komanso njira zomwe zilipo, zambiri sizinachitike. Ambiri mwa mavutowa sakhala chete. Iwo amakhalabe, kumlingo waukulu, osawerengeka ndi osanenedwa. Mapologalamu azaumoyo wa amayi ndi ana akuyenera kuyang’ana kwambiri kuthana ndi mavutowa, kulongosola ndondomeko ndi njira zina zamapologalamu komanso kupeza njira zothanirana ndi mavuto azaumoyo zomwe zingachepetse kudwala komanso kufa kwa amayi ndi ana
English: These outlined issues do not only show the importance of Maternal and Child Health (MCH) care to the health of mothers and children or their immediate problems. Rather, they show the role and necessity of MCH care in the welfare of the family, the community and the country as a whole
Chichewa: Nkhani zomwe zafotokozedwazi sizimangowonetsa kufunikira kwa chisamaliro cha Umoyo wa Amayi ndi Mwana (MCH) paumoyo wa amayi ndi ana kapena mavuto omwe abwera posachedwa. M'malo mwake, amawonetsa udindo ndi kufunikira kwa chisamaliro cha MCH paumoyo wabanja, dera komanso dziko lonse
English: Thus, MCH care an issue that has to be addressed in terms of national productivity and futurity of a country
Chichewa: Choncho, MCH ikusamala nkhani yomwe iyenera kuyankhidwa pazachitukuko ndi tsogolo la dziko
English: The specific objectives of MCH Care focuses on the reduction of maternal, perinatal, infant and childhood mortality and morbidity and the promotion of reproductive health and the physical and psychosocial development of the child and adolescent within the family
Chichewa: Zolinga zenizeni za MCH Care zimayang'ana kwambiri pakuchepetsa kufa kwa amayi, obadwa, makanda ndi ana komanso kudwala komanso kupititsa patsogolo uchembere wabwino komanso chitukuko cha mwana ndi m'maganizo m'banja
English: The major determinants of maternal morbidity and mortality include pregnancy, the development of pregnancy-related complications, including complications from abortion and, the management of pregnancy, delivery, and the postpartum period
Chichewa: Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ndi imfa za amayi ndi monga kutenga pakati, kukula kwa mavuto okhudzana ndi mimba, kuphatikizapo mavuto obwera chifukwa chochotsa mimba komanso, kusamalira mimba, kubereka, ndi nthawi yobereka
English: However, a lot of factors contribute to the low health status of women in the developing countries including Ethiopia. These factors include: Socio economic development of the country has serious Impact on morbidity and mortality
Chichewa: Komabe, pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti amayi azikhala ndi thanzi labwino m'maiko omwe akutukuka kumene kuphatikiza Ethiopia. Zinthu izi zikuphatikiza: Kutukuka kwachuma m'dziko muno kuli ndi vuto lalikulu pa matenda ndi imfa
English: Poor agricultural development results in inadequate household food and has direct influence on nutritional status of mothers. Maternal death often has a number of interlined causes, which may start as early as birth or in early childhood
Chichewa: Kusayenda bwino kwaulimi kumabweretsa kusowa kwa chakudya chokwanira m'nyumba ndipo kumakhudza kwambiri thanzi la amayi. Imfa ya amayi nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimayenderana, zomwe zimatha kuyambira ali mwana kapena ali mwana
English: For example, a girl who is not fed properly during her early years will be stunted and therefore more likely to have obstructed labour. Also, a woman’s risk of dying from infection and haemorrhage is increased considerably when being malnourished
Chichewa: Mwachitsanzo, mtsikana amene sadyetsedwa moyenera ali wamng'ono adzakhala wopunthwitsa ndipo amakhala ndi mwayi wolepheretsa kubereka. Komanso, chiopsezo cha amayi chomwalira ndi matenda ndi kutaya magazi chimawonjezeka kwambiri akamasowa chakudya
English: Poor sanitary environment, poor housing, unsafe and inadequate water, adverse social and physical environment. Access to health services. Lack of access to modern health care services has great impact on increasing maternal death. Most pregnant women do not receive antenatal care; deliver without the assistance of trained health workers etc
Chichewa: Malo opanda ukhondo, nyumba zosoŵa, madzi osatetezeka ndi osakwanira, kusakhala bwino kwa malo okhala ndi chilengedwe. Kupeza chithandizo chaumoyo. Kulephera kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala chamakono kumakhudza kwambiri kufa kwa amayi oyembekezera. Amayi ambiri oyembekezera salandira chisamaliro cha oyembekezera; perekani popanda thandizo la azaumoyo ophunzitsidwa bwino ndi zina
English: In many countries women have poor education and 2/3 of illiterate adults are women. Poor education of women has to be given serious consideration. Because denial of education indicates that women are denied the role they can play in decision-making and decreases the extent of contribution to their lives, family and community
Chichewa: M’maiko ambiri akazi saphunzira bwino ndipo 2/3 mwa akuluakulu osaphunzira ndi akazi. Maphunziro operewera a amayi ayenera kuganiziridwa mozama. Chifukwa kukana maphunziro kumasonyeza kuti amayi amakanidwa udindo womwe angachite popanga zisankho komanso kuchepetsa momwe angathandizire pa moyo wawo, banja lawo ndi dera lawo
English: Education is proved to have significant effect on women's health and reproductive behaviour through its influence on age at marriage, contraception and health care use, and awareness of risks and danger signs
Chichewa: Maphunziro amakhudza kwambiri thanzi la amayi ndi uchembere wabwino kudzera m'zaka za m'banja, kulera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chithandizo chamankhwala, komanso kuzindikira zoopsa ndi zizindikiro zake
English: Reproductive and health behaviour involves, for example, the age at which a woman becomes pregnant, whether the pregnancy is wanted, and what kind of health care the woman seeks
Chichewa: Khalidwe la uchembele ndi thanzi limakhudza, mwachitsanzo, zaka zomwe mayi amatenga, ngati akufuna kutenga pakati, ndi chithandizo chamankhwala chomwe mayiyo akufunafuna
English: Women's income, access to household resources, and power to make decisions influence their ability to seek and utilize health services. Political commitment is crucial to allocate the available resources and to provide services which are accessible to those most in need
Chichewa: Ndalama zomwe amayi amapeza, kupeza zinthu zapakhomo, ndi mphamvu zopangira zisankho zimakhudza kuthekera kwawo kufunafuna ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chithandizo chamankhwala. Kudzipereka kwa ndale n'kofunika kwambiri kuti pakhale ndalama zomwe zilipo komanso kupereka chithandizo chomwe chingapezeke kwa osowa
English: The health and wellbeing of women is related and highly influenced with their social status. “Poor, Powerless, Pregnant” This is the status of women as labelled by a global survey in 1988
Chichewa: Thanzi ndi moyo wa amayi zimagwirizana ndipo zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe chawo. “Osauka, Opanda Mphamvu, Oyembekezera” Umu ndi mmene akazi alili monga mmene kafukufuku wina wapadziko lonse anachitika m’chaka cha 1988
English: Large number of women (about 50%) and girls in the world live under conditions that threaten their health, deny them a choice about child bearing, limit their educational attainment, restrict their economic participation and fail to guarantee them equal rights as compared to men
Chichewa: Chiwerengero chachikulu cha amayi (pafupifupi 50%) ndi atsikana padziko lapansi amakhala pansi amakumana ndi zinthu zomwe zimawopseza thanzi lawo, imawakaniza chisankho chokhudza kubereka ana, kuchepetsa maphunziro awo, kuletsa kutenga nawo gawo pazachuma komanso kulephera kuwapatsa ufulu wofanana poyerekeza ndi amuna.
English: Maternal mortality is defined as the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy irrespective of the site and duration of pregnancy from any acutely related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes
Chichewa: Imfa za amayi amatanthauzidwa ngati imfa ya mayi ali ndi pakati kapena pasanathe masiku makumi anayi kuphatikizapo awiri kuchotsa mimba mosasamala kanthu za komwe kwachokera komanso nthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati chifukwa chokhudzana kwambiri ndi mimba kapena kasamalidwe kake koma osati mwangozi kapena mwangozi
English: Maternal mortality is the leading cause of death among women of reproductive age in most of the developing world
Chichewa: Imfa za amayi ndizomwe zimayambitsa imfa pakati pa amayi a msinkhu wobereka m'mayiko ambiri omwe akutukuka kumene
English: Globally, an estimated 500,000 women die as a result of pregnancy each year. It is the statistical indicator, which shows the greatest disparity between developed, and developing countries
Chichewa: Padziko lonse, amayi pafupifupi zikwi masana asanu amamwalira chifukwa cha mimba chaka chilichonse. Ndi chizindikiro cha ziwerengero, chomwe chikuwonetsa kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mayiko otukuka, ndi omwe akutukuka kumene
English: Maternal mortality in developing countries is given least attention, despite the, fact that almost all of the suffering and death is preventable with proper management
Chichewa: Imfa za amayi oyembekezera m'mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene sizikunyalanyazidwa, ngakhale kuti pafupifupi kuvutika ndi imfa zonse zingatheke poyang'anira bwino
English: Maternal mortality constitutes a small part of the larger maternal morbidity and suffering, because for every maternal death there are a lot of women suffering from acute and chronic illnesses during pregnancy, delivery and 6 weeks after
Chichewa: Imfa za amayi oyembekezera ndi gawo laling'ono lazovuta zazikulu za amayi oyembekezera, chifukwa pa imfa ya amayi aliwonse pali amayi ambiri omwe amadwala matenda opweteka kwambiri panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati, pobereka komanso masabata asanu ndi limodzi
English: Most of the deaths, 99%, are in developing countries the magnitude of maternal death is very high in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, where material mortality ratios (material deaths per 100,000 live births) may be as much as 200 times higher than those in industrial countries
Chichewa: Imfa zambiri, 99%, zili m’maiko otukuka kumene chiŵerengero cha imfa za amayi oyembekezera ndichokwera kwambiri ku Sub-Saharan Africa ndi South Asia, kumene chiŵerengero cha imfa zakuthupi (imfa zakuthupi pa ana zikwi zana limodzi obadwa amoyo) chikhoza kukhala chokwera kuŵirikiza mazana awiri kuposa. omwe ali m'mayiko ogulitsa
English: This is widest disparity in human development indicators yet reported. This difference is further expressed when comparing lifetime risk of women: one in every 21 women in Africa dies of complications of pregnancy, delivery, or abortion, while with only one in every 10,000 in Northern Europe
Chichewa: Uku ndiko kusiyana kwakukulu kwa zizindikiro za chitukuko cha anthu zomwe zanenedwabe. Kusiyana kumeneku kumasonyezedwanso poyerekezera chiwopsezo cha moyo wa akazi: mmodzi mwa amayi makumi awiri ndi mmodzi aliwonse mu Afirika amamwalira ndi mavuto a kutenga mimba, kubereka, kapena kuchotsa mimba, pamene mmodzi yekha mwa zikwi khumi aliwonse ku Northern Europe
English: The risk of maternal mortality is also related to the mother’s previous health and nutritional status, issues of gender discrimination, and access to health services. Adolescent pregnancy carries a higher risk due to the danger of incomplete development of the pelvis, and there is a higher prevalence of hypertensive disorders among young mothers
Chichewa: Kuopsa kwa imfa za amayi kumakhudzananso ndi thanzi la amayi ndi kadyedwe kake kameneka, nkhani za kusankhana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi komanso kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala. Mimba yachinyamata imakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chifukwa cha chiopsezo chosakwanira kukula kwa chiuno, ndipo pali kufalikira kwa matenda oopsa kwambiri pakati pa amayi achichepere