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en	caselaw	US	20-10009-scc Doc 69 Filed 04/06/20 Entered 04/06/20 13:56:06 Main Document Pg 1 of 3 THE LAW OFFICES OF RICHARD J. CORBI PLLC 1501 Broadway, 12th Floor New York, New York 10036 Telephone: (646) 571-2033 Email: rcorbi@corbilaw.com Richard J. Corbi Counsel to CoOp Capital LLC UNITED STATES BANKRUPTCY COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK ---------------------------------------------------------------x : In re : Chapter 7 : LIBERTY BRIDGE CAPITAL : MANAGEMENT GP LLC, et al., : Case No. 20-10009 (SCC) : 1 Debtors. : (Jointly Administered) : ---------------------------------------------------------------x NOTICE OF APPEARANCE AND REQUEST FOR SERVICE OF PAPERS PLEASE TAKE NOTICE that The Law Offices of Richard J. Corbi PLLC hereby appears in the above-captioned cases (the “Chapter 7 Cases”) as counsel for CoOp Capital LLC appointed in the above-captioned Chapter 7 Cases, pursuant to Rules 2002, 3017(a), 9007 and 9010(b) of the Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure (the “Bankruptcy Rules”), Rule 9074-1(c) of the Local Bankruptcy Rules for the Southern District of New York and Sections 102(1) and 1109(b) of the United States Bankruptcy Code and respectfully requests that all notices given or 1 The Debtors in these chapter 7 cases, along with the last four digits of their federal tax identification numbers are (i)Liberty Bridge Capital Management GP, LLC (9236) (Case No. 20-10009); (ii) Cash4Cases, Inc. (8244)(Case No. 20-10010); (iii) Liberty Bridge Capital Management IM, LLC (2955)(Case No. 20-10011); (iv) Liberty Bridge Settlement Clearing, LLC (8144)(Case No. 20-10012); (v) Liberty Bridge Finco LLC (5215)(Case No. 20-10013); (vi) Liberty Bridge Capital Management, L.P. (6434)(Case No. 20-10014); (vii) Diversified Pre-Settlement Portfolio I, a Series of Liberty Bridge Capital Management, L.P. (1925)(Case No. 20-10015); and (viii) Diversified Pre- Settlement Portfolio II, a Series of Liberty Bridge Capital Management, L.P. (1660)(Case No. 20-10016). 20-10009-scc Doc 69 Filed 04/06/20 Entered 04/06/20 13:56:06 Main Document Pg 2 of 3 required to be given in this case, and all papers served or required to be served in the Chapter 7 Cases, be given to and served upon the following: Richard J. Corbi, Esq. THE LAW OFFICES OF RICHARD J. CORBI PLLC 1501 Broadway, 12th Floor New York, New York 10036 Telephone: (646) 571-2033 Email: rcorbi@corbilaw.com PLEASE TAKE FURTHER NOTICE that the foregoing request includes, without limitation, a request for service of all orders and notices of any application (including those required by Bankruptcy Rule 2002), motion, petition, pleading, request, complaint, or demand, whether formal or informal, written or oral, and whether transmitted or conveyed by mail, courier service, hand delivery, telephone, facsimile transmission, telegraph, telex, or otherwise filed or made with regard to the Chapter 7 Cases and any and all adversary proceedings therein. PLEASE TAKE FURTHER NOTICE that neither this notice nor any subsequent appearance, pleading, claim, or suit shall constitute a waiver of the CoOp Capital LLC’s rights (1) to have an Article III judge adjudicate in the first instance any case, proceeding, matter, or controversy as to which a bankruptcy judge may not enter a final order or judgment consistent with Article III of the United States Constitution; (2) to have final orders in non-core matters entered only after de novo review by a higher court; (3) to trial by jury in any proceeding so triable herein or any case, controversy, or proceeding related to hereto; (4) to have the reference withdrawn in any matter subject to mandatory or discretionary withdrawal; or (5) any other rights, claims, actions, defenses, setoffs, or recoupments to which the CoOp Capital LLC is or may be entitled under agreements, in law or equity, all of which rights, claims, actions, defenses, setoffs, and recoupments are hereby expressly reserved. 2 20-10009-scc Doc 69 Filed 04/06/20 Entered 04/06/20 13:56:06 Main Document Pg 3 of 3 PLEASE TAKE FURTHER NOTICE that the CoOp Capital LLC does not consent to the entry of final orders or judgments by the Court if it is determined that the Court, absent consent of the parties, cannot enter final orders or judgments consistent with Article III of the United States Constitution. Dated: April 6, 2020 THE LAW OFFICES OF RICHARD J. CORBI PLLC /s/ Richard J. Corbi Richard J. Corbi, Esq. 1501 Broadway, 12th Floor New York, New York 10036 Telephone: (646) 571-2033 Email: rcorbi@corbilaw.com Counsel to CoOp Capital LLC 3
nl	wikipedia	N/A	Charles Krauschaar (soms ook: Krauschar of Kraushaar) (Kassa, toen nog Hongarije, nu: Slowakije, 25 juli 1868 – Albuquerque, 3 augustus 1957) was een Hongaars-Amerikaanse componist, dirigent, arrangeur, fluitist en muziekuitgever. Voor zijn eigen werken als voor de arrangementen gebruikte hij meestal het pseudoniem: Charles J. Roberts. Levensloop Krauschaar studeerde harmonieleer, compositie en dwarsfluit aan de Ferenc Liszt-Akademie voor muziek in Boedapest en behaalde aldaar zijn diploma's. In 1890 emigreerde hij naar de Verenigde Staten. Hij was van 1892 tot 1893 fluitist in het New York Philharmonic. Later ging hij op tournee door de hele Verenigde Staten als fluitist met de Mozart Symphony Club. In 1895 werd hij fluitist in het Hoffmann House Orchestra in New York City. Later werd hij dirigent en directeur van deze institutie en bleef tot 1910 in deze functie. Van 1909 tot 1940 was hij componist, arrangeur en uitgever in het Music Publishing House in New York City. Hij specialiseerde zich vooral in de bewerking en herbewerking van symfonische orkestwerken voor kleinere orkesten en arrangeerde en componeerde werken voor orkest en harmonieorkest. In 1924 werd hij lid van de American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP). Hij leefde later in Palo Alto. Arrangementen: {\| class="wikitable" \|- ! Componist !! Titel !! Instrumentatie \|- \| Johann Sebastian Bach \|\| Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring from "Cantata nr. 147" \|\| voor orkest \|- \| Ludwig van Beethoven \|\| Egmont Overture, op. 84 \|\| voor orkest \|- \| Charles Henri René de Boisdeffre \|\| At the Brook \|\| voor orkest \|- \| Cécile Chaminade \|\| Sérénade, op. 29 \|\| voor orkest \|- \| Wilbur R. Chenoweth \|\| Valse Caprice \|\| voor orkest \|- \| Alfons Czibulka \|\| Fly Minuet uit de operette "Der Bajazzo" \|\| voor orkest \|- \| Antonín Dvořák \|\| Would God I were the tender apple blossom (Když nbe stará matka), op. 55 nr. 4 \|\| voor orkest \|- \| Zdeněk Fibich \|\| Poëm \|\| voor kamerorkest \|- \| Stephen Foster \|\| Way Down Upon the Swanee River (Old Folks at Home) \|\| voor harmonieorkest \|- \| Edvard Grieg \|\| Suite for Orchestra from "Sigurd Jorsalfar (Sigurd the Crusader)", op. 56 \|\| voor orkest \|- \| Henry Hadley \|\| Ballet of the Flowers suite, op. 92 \|\| voor orkest \|- \| Henry Hadley \|\| Silhouettes - A Characteristic Suite, op. 77 nr. 3 Italian en nr. 4 American \|\| voor orkest \|- \| Joseph Haydn \|\| Finale from Symphony nr. 85 "La Reine", Hoboken I/85 \|\| voor dwarsfluit, hobo, 2 klarinetten en fagot ook met aanvullende stemmen voor esklarinet, altklarinet of altsaxofoon, basklarinet of tenorsaxofoon, baritonsaxofoon en hoorn in F \|- \| Karel Komzák II \|\| Fairy Tale from "Volksliedchen und Märchen", op. 135 \|\| voor unisonokoor of vrouwenkoor en piano tekst: Margaret H. Benson \|- \| Anatoli Konstantinovitsj Ljadov \|\| Une tabatiere a musique - Valse-badinage, op. 32 \|\| voor orkest \|- \| Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy \|\| Ouverture Roy Blas \|\| voor harmonieorkest \|- \| Vittorio Monti \|\| Csárdás \|\| voor trompet en piano \|- \| Jacques Offenbach \|\| Barcarole Waltz - Waltzes on Melodies from Offenbach's "Tales of Hoffman" \|\| voor harmonieorkest \|- \| Pablo de Sarasate \|\| Zigeunerweisen, op.20 \|\| voor viool en orkest \|- \| Franz Schubert \|\| Erlkönig, D. 328, op. 1 \|\| voor orkest \|- \| Jean Sibelius \|\| In Mournful Mood (Murheisena uit "Kappaletta"), op. 103, nr. 5 \|\| voor orkest \|- \| Jean Sibelius \|\| Valse triste from Jarnefelt's drama "Kuolema", op. 44 \|\| voor orkest \|- \| Pjotr Iljitsj Tsjaikovski \|\| Marche slave, op. 31 \|\| voor orkest \|- \| Charles Robert Valdez \|\| Sérénade du tsigane \|\| voor orkest, piano en orgel (harmonium) \|- \| Kōsaku Yamada \|\| Suite Japonaise \|\| voor orkest \|} Composities Werken voor orkest 1913 Kol nidrei, voor cello en orkest 1915 Roberts' Globe Trot, foxtrot voor orkest 1915 Step Lively One Step 1933 Pomp and Chivalry, grote processiemars voor orkest A Tale of Two Hearts Cupid's Caress Tendre amour The Language of the Flowers Werken voor harmonieorkest 1907 L' Affinite 1908 Mexican Kisses 1909 The African 400 1910 Barcarole Waltz 1911 Funiculi-Funicula 1913 Ma Poulette 1916 Paprica Jancsi, Hongaarse mars 1931 Urbana Overture 1932 Jingle Bells 1942 Chimes of Peace - Meditation All Star Medley, ouverture Diabolo Father of Liberty, (Unison), a march song - tekst: Irving Cheyette Father of Victory March Hajnalka Interlochen (National Camp March) La belle, Argentijnse tango La Bella Zingara, serenade La Sorella Merry Marinettes, karakterstuk Repertoire Band Book Fall in Line Nobody Knows De Trouble I've Seen True Pals Dream Castles Romance The Little Leader The Cotton Pickers' Song Father of Liberty Dutch Shoe Dance Tenderness The Fencing Master Venetian Serenade Merry Marionettes Victory Beyond the Old Gate The Grizzly Turkey Trot The Harlequin Venetian Serenade Vocale muziek Werken voor koor 1915 Kol nidrei, voor cantor en gemengd koor 1931 Father in Liberty - Washington March Song, voor unisonokoor en piano - tekst: Irving Cheyette Liederen 1913 Kol nidrei, voor cantor/middenstem en piano (of orgel) 1931 Father in Liberty - Washington March Song, voor zangstem en piano - tekst: Irving Cheyette Pedagogische werken 1927 Carl Fischer School Orchestra Album. Original compositions especially written for school use selected and arranged by Charles J. Roberts 1932 The harmony solo, duet and trio album : a collection of favorite standard concert pieces for home, school or professional use, voor viool met piano of ensemble begeleiding 1933 Educational Orchestra Album; A Collection of Classic and Modern Compositions for the School Orchestra of to-day Carl Fischer Favorite Concert Album, no. 1 - Twenty-Five Favorite Orchestral Compositions Specially Selected, Revised and Arranged with solo and obligato violin and organ parts ad lib. Carl Fischer Favorite Concert Album, voor klarinet Carl Fischer Grand Opera Album, voor klarinet Festival Performance Solos voor klarinet Solos for Clarinet - 35 Repertoire Pieces, voor klarinet met piano Bibliografie Wolfgang Suppan, Armin Suppan: Das Neue Lexikon des Blasmusikwesens, 4. Auflage, Freiburg-Tiengen, Blasmusikverlag Schulz GmbH, 1994, ISBN 3-923058-07-1 Paul E. Bierley, William H. Rehrig: The Heritage Encyclopedia of Band Music - Composers and Their Music, Westerville, Ohio: Integrity Press, 1991, ISBN 0-918048-08-7 Kenneth Walter Berger: Band Encyclopedia'', Kent, Ohio: Band Associates, 1960. 604 p. Externe link Korte biografie op de internetpagina van "ASCAP Dictionary of Authors, Composers, Songs & Music" Werklijst van "Charles J. Roberts" op de internetpagina van "grainger.de" Amerikaans componist Amerikaans dirigent Amerikaans fluitist Hongaars componist Hongaars fluitist 20e-eeuws componist Amerikaans arrangeur Muziekuitgever
en	caselaw	US	TEXAS COURT OF APPEALS, THIRD DISTRICT, AT AUSTIN NO. 03-20-00546-CR NO. 03-20-00547-CR NO. 03-20-00548-CR Ex parte Edward Johnson FROM THE 403RD DISTRICT COURT OF TRAVIS COUNTY, NOS. D-1-DC-18-301601, D-1-DC-18-301598, D-1-DC-18-204338 THE HONORABLE BRENDA KENNEDY, JUDGE PRESIDING MEMORANDUM OPINION Edward Johnson has filed a notice of appeal complaining of various pretrial issues. The trial court has filed a Certification of Defendant’s Right of Appeal, stating, “This is a pending case. No motions or rulings have been made for which the defendant is able to appeal from. The case is currently on the jury trial docket and is pending trial.” We dismiss the appeal for want of jurisdiction. See Tex. R. App. P. 25.2(a)(2), (d). __________________________________________ Darlene Byrne, Chief Justice Before Chief Justice Byrne, Justices Baker and Smith Dismissed for Want of Jurisdiction Filed: January 12, 2021 Do Not Publish
en	wikipedia	N/A	The New England Patriots are a professional American football team based in the Greater Boston town of Foxborough, Massachusetts. They play in the National Football League (NFL) as a member club of the league's American Football Conference (AFC) East division. Originally called the Boston Patriots, the team was founded as one of eight charter members of the American Football League (AFL) in 1960 under the ownership of Billy Sullivan. The team became part of the NFL when the two leagues merged in 1970. The following year, they moved from Boston to nearby Foxborough, and changed their name to the New England Patriots. The modern NFL championship game, the Super Bowl, was founded in the 1966 season; the first four were contested between the champions of the AFL and the NFL. After the merger, the Super Bowl became the united league's championship. The Patriots made the 1963 AFL Championship Game, but struggled severely in the early years of the united league, not making the postseason until 1976. After a stretch of only one losing season in 13 years, including a Super Bowl appearance against a champion Bears outfit, the Patriots reached a nadir between 1989 and 1993 when they won only 19 of 80 games. Since Bill Belichick was hired as the team's head coach in 2000, the Patriots have won six Super Bowls, nine AFC Championship Games, and sixteen AFC East titles, while amassing a regular season record of 237–82. The team's quarterback over that same period, Tom Brady, was awarded the NFL Most Valuable Player (MVP) three times, and the Super Bowl Most Valuable Player four times (he later won another Super Bowl MVP with the Buccaneers); he is one of only five players named Super Bowl MVP more than once, and the only one named 5 times. The Patriots have won six Super Bowl championships (XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, XLIX, LI, and LIII). They also played in and lost Super Bowls XX, XXXI, XLII, XLVI, and LII. During the 2007 regular season, the Patriots became the only NFL team in history to win 16 games, and the first since the 1972 Miami Dolphins (in a 14-game season) to complete the regular campaign undefeated. Belichick's Patriots are one of only two teams to win three Super Bowls in four years (the other being the Dallas Cowboys from 1993 to 1996). Overall, the Patriots have made 27 playoff appearances, one of which was before the merger. Since the merger, they have played fifteen AFC Championship Games, winning eleven of them to advance to the Super Bowl. In the Patriots' 58-year history, they have an overall regular season record of 500 wins, 391 losses, and 9 ties, plus an overall postseason record of 37 wins and 20 losses. In the 2018 NFL season, the Patriots reached their 11th Super Bowl, breaking their own record for most Super Bowl appearances by any organization of all time. Seasons Notes The Season column links to an article about each season in the league (AFL for 1960–1969; NFL for 1970–present). The Team column links to an article about the Patriots' season that year. The Finish, Won, Lost, and Ties columns list regular season results and exclude any postseason play. Regular season and postseason results are combined only at the bottom of the list. In the Finish column, a "T-" indicates a tie for that position. Beginning in 1974, the NFL began playing a 15-minute sudden-death overtime period if a regular season game finished regulation tied. Since this change, ties have been rarer. The Patriots and the Baltimore Colts finished tied. However, the Colts finished ahead of New England based on a better division record (7–1 to Patriots' 6–2). The NFL expanded from a 14-game regular season schedule to 16 beginning in 1978. The Patriots and Miami Dolphins finished the 1978 season with the same record. However, the Patriots were awarded the Division Championship based on a better division record (6–2 to the Dolphins' 5–3). The 1982 NFL season was shortened from 16 regular seasons games to nine due to a players' strike. For playoff seedings, division standings were ignored and eight teams from each conference were seeded one through eight based on their regular season records. The 1987 NFL season was shortened from 16 regular season games to 15 due to a players' strike. The Patriots and Dolphins finished the 1994 season tied. As the Dolphins had defeated the Patriots in both regular season meetings, the Dolphins were named division champions and the Patriots received a Wild Card berth in the playoffs. The Patriots and the Dolphins finished the 2001 season with the same record. However, the Patriots were named Division Champions based on a better division record (6–2 to the Dolphins' 5–3). The Patriots, Dolphins, and New York Jets finished the season with 9–7 records in 2002. For having the best record against common opponents, the Jets were awarded the division championship. Neither the Patriots nor the Dolphins qualified for the playoffs. The Patriots, Dolphins, and Baltimore Ravens (AFC North) finished the 2008 season tied with identical 11–5 records. As the Dolphins and Ravens had 8–4 records within the AFC, and the Patriots a 7–5 AFC record, the Dolphins were awarded the AFC East title, and the Ravens were given a Wild Card berth in the playoffs. The Patriots did not qualify for the playoffs. Years here refer to the year in which the season was played. Playoff games are commonly played in the January and February of the following year. See also History of the New England Patriots References General Bibliography Specific New England Patriots seasons
en	caselaw	US	421 F.2d 145 Theodore WAY, Appellant,v.Sherman H. CROUSE, Warden, Kansas State Penitentiary, Appellee. No. 415-69. United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit. February 9, 1970. Leslie L. Conner, Oklahoma City, Okl., (Conner, Little & Conner, Oklahoma City, Okl., on the brief), for appellant. Edward G. Collister, Jr., Asst. Atty. Gen., of Kansas (Kent Frizzell, Atty. Gen., Topeka, Kan., on the brief), for appellee. Before MURRAH, Chief Judge, and BREITENSTEIN and SETH, Circuit Judges. MURRAH, Chief Judge. 1 Way is confined in the Kansas State Penitentiary, serving sentences imposed in October, 1967, upon his plea of guilty to second degree burglary, and possession of a firearm after conviction of a felony. 2 In a habeas corpus petition filed in the federal district court in April, 1969, he alleged that his appeal from the conviction and sentence had not yet been docketed in the Kansas Supreme Court, eighteen months after sentencing,1 and that he had been discriminatorily denied reasonable bail pending appeal. 3 Treating the claimed denial of bail as the sole substantive allegation, the court dismissed the petition on the ground that the claim had not been first presented to the state courts by a motion to vacate under K.S.A. 60-1507. Regarding the effectiveness of that remedy the court stated: 4 "Merely because the Kansas Supreme Court has not heard Way's appeal does not ipso facto render his remedy by way [of] 60-1507 inadequate or ineffective. This court will not assume that the Kansas courts will construe § 1507 in such manner as to make it inadequate or ineffective." 5 This court has previously addressed the problem of delays in state court appeals, albeit in connection with post-conviction litigation and not in direct appeals. In Jones v. Crouse, 360 F.2d 157 (10th Cir. 1966), we held that without knowing the facts and circumstances giving rise to a delay of six months in an appeal from denial of a § 1507 motion, the federal district court could not properly conclude that the petitioner's state remedies were adequate and effective. And we have repeatedly recognized that an inordinate, excessive and inexcusable delay may very well amount to a denial of due process cognizable in federal court. See, e. g., Smith v. State of Kansas, 356 F.2d 654 (10th Cir. 1966), cert. denied, 389 U.S. 871, 88 S. Ct. 154, 19 L. Ed. 2d 151 (1967). 6 Just as a delay in the adjudication of a post-conviction appeal may work a denial of due process, so may a like delay in the determination of a direct appeal. The question presented here is in what court should petitioner seek vindication of his asserted constitutional grievance. In our view, Way properly resorted to the federal court, which should not, without knowing the facts and circumstances of the eighteen-month delay, have required him at this late date to commence a completely new and independent proceeding through the very courts which are responsible, on the face of the pleadings, for the very delay of which he complains. "The concept of federal-state comity involves mutuality of responsibilities, and an unacted upon responsibility can relieve one comity partner from continuous deference. Moreover, the wait for action * * * must not be so exhausting as to frustrate its purpose. Patience is a virtue in the accommodation process of our federalism, but it is not inexhaustible." Dixon v. State of Florida, 388 F.2d 424 at 426 (5th Cir. 1968). 7 Since the submission of this case, we have been informed that the Kansas Supreme Court affirmed the sentencing court's judgment on December 6, 1969, 461 P.2d 820. It may well be that this case is now moot. 8 In any event, the order dismissing the petition is vacated and the case is remanded to the district court for further proceedings in view of the circumstances of the case. Notes: 1 In a motion for rehearing, Way alleged that on June 21, 1968, eight months after his conviction, the state supreme court directed the sentencing court to appoint counsel to represent Way on appeal, and that on November 5, 1968, that court did so. Appointed counsel had not yet received a transcript of the proceedings as of the filing of the petition
en	caselaw	US	604 F. Supp. 984 (1985) UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff, v. Jeffrey KNIGHT, Defendant. No. CR-3-84-33. United States District Court, S.D. Ohio, W.D. March 11, 1985. 985 James A. Wilson, Asst. U.S. Atty., Dayton, Ohio, for plaintiff. Douglas Casteel, Dayton, Ohio, for defendant. VERDICT OF NOT GUILTY; TERMINATION ENTRY RICE, District Judge. Defendant Jeffrey R. Knight was charged in a two count indictment with possession and transfer of a "sawed-off" shotgun in violation of 26 U.S.C. §§ 5861(d), (e) and 5871. Doc. # 4. The Defendant, with the consent of the Government, waived his right to a jury trial. Doc. # 11. Having heard the evidence as the finder of fact, this Court now makes its findings on whether the Government has sustained its burden of proving Defendant's guilt, beyond a reasonable doubt. See, Rule 23(c), Fed.R.Crim.P. At trial, the Defendant admitted the essential elements of the offenses charged in the indictment and raised the defense of entrapment. See also, Defendant's Post-Trial Brief (Doc. # 14). Indeed, based upon the evidence adduced at trial, the Court concludes that the Government has established each and every essential element of the offenses charged in the indictment with proof beyond a reasonable doubt. Therefore, the asserted defense of entrapment will be the focus of the Court's findings. At the conclusion of the trial, the Court informed counsel that it questioned whether there was sufficient evidence in the record to raise the defense of entrapment in the first instance. As the Sixth Circuit said in United States v. Ambrose, 483 F.2d 742, 753 (6th Cir.1973), "... the defendant was required to introduce evidence of inducement before the prosecution would be required to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant was predisposed ...," citing, United States v. Sherman, 200 F.2d 880, 882-83 (2d Cir. 1952) (Per Learned Hand, J.) Thus, the Court must initially decide whether the Defendant introduced sufficient evidence of inducement by an undercover agent of the Government to place upon the Government the requirement of proving the Defendant's predisposition to commit crime, beyond a reasonable doubt. There is a paucity of authority in the Sixth Circuit which addresses the issue of the sufficiency of the evidence of inducement necessary to raise the defense of entrapment. In United States v. Jones, 575 F.2d 81, 83-84 (6th Cir.1978), the Court said: Simply stated, when entrapment is asserted as a defense, if the defense raises the issue by evidence either in the government's case in chief, or in the defense, the burden of proof is on the government to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant had a predisposition to commit the crime. In United States v. Ambrose, 483 F.2d 742, 753 (6th Cir.1973) the court said, "... the defendant was required to introduce evidence of inducement before the prosecution would be required to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant was predisposed ..." See also United States v. Eddings, 478 F.2d 67 (6th Cir.1973). In Kadis v. United States, 373 F.2d 370 (1st Cir.1967) the court said at 373-374, "Henceforth we will look, singly, at the ultimate question of entrapment. If the defendant shows, through government witnesses or otherwise, some indication that a government agent corrupted him, the burden of disproving entrapment will be on the government; but such a showing is not made simply by evidence of a solicitation. There must be some evidence tending to show readiness." As to quantity of "some evidence" see further discussion in Kadis at p. 374. In Kadis, the First Circuit said that the amount of evidence "tending to show unreadiness" need not be so substantial as to require a directed verdict in favor of the Defendant, if uncontroverted; however, 986 the quantum of evidence must be more than a mere scintilla. 373 F.2d at 374. See also, United States v. Kakley, 741 F.2d 1, 3 (1st Cir.1984); United States v. Luce, 726 F.2d 47, 49 (1st Cir.1984); Tzimopoulos v. United States, 554 F.2d 1216, 1217 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 434 U.S. 851, 98 S. Ct. 164, 54 L. Ed. 2d 120 (1977). In other circuits, courts have established different tests to determine whether sufficient evidence has been introduced to raise the defense of entrapment. For instance in United States v. Andrew, 666 F.2d 915, 922 (5th Cir.1982), the court said: We note at the outset that the mere assertion of entrapment does not require the trial judge to automatically instruct the jury on it. Defendant must first present evidence showing both (1) lack of his predisposition to commit the crime, and (2) some governmental involvement and inducement more than just providing an opportunity or facilities to commit the crime. Accord, United States v. Kidd, 734 F.2d 409, 413 (9th Cir.1984); United States v. Watson, 489 F.2d 504, 508-09 (3rd Cir. 1973). It does not matter whether this Court applies the test set forth in Kadis (more than a mere scintilla of evidence tending to show unreadiness) or the two factor test set forth in Andrew. The Court is convinced that under either standard, the Defendant has introduced sufficient evidence to raise the defense of entrapment, to wit: The Defendant's testimony that he offered to sell the weapon in an unsawed-off state, but that the government agent indicated, on both the first and second contact with the Defendant, that he would buy the weapon only if it were sawed off; the Defendant finally agreeing on the second contact, after having first refused the agent's request to saw off the barrel of the weapon, because he needed the money. Accordingly the Court turns to the issue of entrapment. In the recent case of United States v. Pennell, 737 F.2d 521, 534 (6th Cir.1984), the court succinctly summarized the law of entrapment. The central inquiry in entrapment cases is whether law enforcement officials implanted a criminal design in the mind of an otherwise law-abiding citizen or whether the government merely provided an opportunity to commit a crime to one who was already predisposed to do so. See, e.g., United States v. Russell, 411 U.S. 423, 93 S. Ct. 1637, 36 L. Ed. 2d 366 (1973); Sherman v. United States, 356 U.S. 369, 78 S. Ct. 819, 2 L. Ed. 2d 848 (1958); United States v. Norton, 700 F.2d 1072, 1075 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, [461] U.S. [910], 103 S. Ct. 1885, 76 L. Ed. 2d 814 (1983). If a defendant raises the entrapment defense, the government bears the burden of proving predisposition beyond a reasonable doubt. United States v. Jones, 575 F.2d 81, 83 (6th Cir.1978). Entrapment may be established in either of two ways. First, the defense may be proved as a matter of law when the facts are undisputed (the court may not make credibility findings or choose between conflicting testimony) and this undisputed evidence demonstrates a clear absence of predisposition. Pennell, 737 F.2d at 534. See also, United States v. Henciar, 568 F.2d 489 (6th Cir.1977), cert. denied, 435 U.S. 953, 98 S. Ct. 1582, 55 L. Ed. 2d 803 (1978). "If either of these elements is missing, then the predisposition question is for the [fact finder] to decide." Pennell, 737 F.2d at 534. In other words, if either of the elements is missing, entrapment presents a fact question. In the present case, there was conflicting testimony about the event surrounding the Defendant's possession and sale of the "sawed-off" shotgun. Therefore since the facts were disputed, entrapment was not established as a matter of law. Accordingly, the Court, sitting as fact finder, must analyze the evidence before it to determine whether entrapment was established as a matter of fact. Stated somewhat differently, the issue before the Court is whether the Government proved predisposition beyond a reasonable doubt. *987 The Sixth Circuit has established clear standards to help guide a Court through its analysis of the evidence relating to predisposition. First in United States v. Lasuita, 752 F.2d 249 (6th Cir.1985), the court emphasized that the Government must prove predisposition at the time of the initial contact between the Government and the Defendant, rather than at the time the offense is actually committed. Second in United States v. McLernon, 746 F.2d 1098 (6th Cir.1984), the court listed a number of factors relevant to determining predisposition which include:[1] the character or reputation of the defendant, including any prior criminal record; whether the suggestion of the criminal activity was initially made by the Government; whether the defendant was engaged in criminal activity for profit; whether the defendant evidenced reluctance to commit the offense, overcome only by repeated Government inducement, or persuasion; and the nature of the inducement or persuasion supplied by the Government. 746 F.2d at 1112 (quoting United States v. Reynoso-Ulloa, 548 F.2d 1329, 1336 (9th Cir.1977), cert. denied, 436 U.S. 926, 98 S. Ct. 2820, 56 L. Ed. 2d 769 (1978) and United States v. Kaminski, 703 F.2d 1004, 1008 (7th Cir.1983)). Applying these factors to the evidence before it, this Court concludes that it entertains a reasonable doubt as to whether the Defendant had the predisposition to commit the offenses charged in the indictment when he first came into contact with Mr. Shanks, the Government informant. The Court has already informed counsel that it credits the version of events contained in the testimony of the Defendant and Mr. Fraley, as opposed to the version contained in the testimony of Mr. Shanks. This testimony reveals that the Defendant was willing to sell a shotgun with the legal barrel length to the Government informant Shanks. However, the informant insisted that he would purchase a shotgun only if the barrel were "sawed-off." The Defendant's reluctance to sell such a weapon was overcome by repeated Government inducements and the Defendant's precarious financial condition. Furthermore, the evidence also revealed that the Defendant did not cut the barrel until repeated Government importuning overcame his reluctance to do so. Herein, the nature of the Government's inducements (the type of pressure it took to overcome Defendant's reluctance to sell the gun with a shortened barrel) is circumstantial evidence that the Defendant had the requisite predisposition, because there was no overreaching by preying on an established relationship between the informant and Defendant in order to induce the commission of the crimes. Cf. McLernon, 746 F.2d at 1113-14. Nevertheless, in the absence of any other evidence of predisposition, such as a prior record or that the Defendant had a reputation for criminal behavior, this alone is not sufficient to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the Defendant had the predisposition to commit the offenses for which he is charged in the indictment. Based upon the foregoing, the Court, sitting as the trier of fact, herein finds the Defendant Jeffrey R. Knight Not Guilty of Count 1 and Count 2 of the indictment. NOTES [1] Although the McLernon court addressed the question of entrapment as a matter of law, common sense dictates that the same factors are relevant in determining whether the evidence establishes entrapment as a matter of fact.
fi	wikipedia	N/A	Jylppy on kaupunginosa Kotkassa. Kaupunginosa sijaitsee Hovinsaaren itäosassa Kotkansaaren pohjoispuolella. Jylpyn rajana on lännessä Hyväntuulentie ja Kotkantie Metsolan kaupunginosaan, pohjoisessa valtatie 7 Kyminlinnan kaupunginosaan, idässä Kymijoen Huumanhaara ja Huumanpohja Jumalniemen kaupunginosaan ja etelässä Kotkan rata ja Takojantie Hovinsaaren kaupunginosaan. Jylppy on nykyään lähinnä pienteollisuusaluetta. Kaupunginosan alueella sijaitsee myös Metsolan urheilukenttä. Historia Jylpyn alue kuului muun Hovinsaaren mukana Kyminkartanon lampuotilääniin. Kustaa III:n sodan jälkeen alue otettiin Ruotsinsalmen ja Kyminlinnan kaksoislinnoituksen käyttöön. Vuonna 1884 Jylpyn alue liitettiin Kymistä Kotkaan. Alue kuului silloin Hovinsaaren kruununpuiston maihin. Lähteet Kotkan kaupunginosat
pl	wikipedia	N/A	Klasztor Bajt Jimal (hebr. בית ג'מאל; arab. بيت جمال) – klasztor Salezjanek położony w pobliżu miasta Bet Szemesz wśród wzgórz Judei, w centralnej części Izraela. Historia Lokalna tradycja mówi, że został tu pochowany Święty Szczepan, pierwszy chrześcijański męczennik. Jednak w 1873 jego szczątki zostały ekshumowane i przeniesione na górę Syjon w Jerozolimie. Chrześcijańska tradycja mówi także, że pochowano tutaj słynnego rabina Gamaliela, przewodniczącego Sanhedrynu. W V wieku wybudowano tutaj kościół św. Szczepana, który został zniszczone przez Arabów w 614. W 1881 na tutejszym wzgórzu (o wysokości 370 metrów n.p.m.) została założona szkoła rolnicza prowadzona przez siostry Salezjanki. Przy szkole powstał klasztor z odbudowanym w 1932 kościołem św. Szczepana. W 1919 przy klasztorze powstała stacja meteorologiczna, która funkcjonuje bez przerwy do czasów współczesnych. W budynku znajdującym się przed wejściem do klasztoru żeńskiego, powstał niewielki klasztor męski (w 2008 mieszkało w nim 5 mnichów). Tutejsi mnisi zaangażowali się w prace rolnicze, uprawiając winorośl i drzewa oliwne. W dwóch małych sklepikach sprzedawane są tutejsze wyroby: oliwa z oliwek, oliwki, miód, świece oraz ceramika. Klasztor jest popularnym wśród Izraelczyków miejscem wycieczek turystycznych. Przypisy Linki zewnętrzne Zabytkowe klasztory katolickie w Izraelu
pl	other	N/A	Gmina Harasiuki - OGŁOSZENIE O ZAMÓWIENIU - Roboty budowlane pn. Budowa budynku szatniowo-sanitarnego w miejscowości Hucisko gmina Harasiuki - etap II Ogłoszenie nr 635003-N-2019 z dnia 2019-12-11 r. Gmina Harasiuki: Budowa budynku szatniowo-sanitarnego w miejscowosci Hucisko gmina Harasiuki - etap II forma pisemna za pośrednictwem operatora pocztowego, poslańca, osobiście. Urząd Gminy Harasiuki 37 - 413 Harasiuki ul. Długa 11 pokoj nr 7 - sekretariat II.1) Nazwa nadana zamówieniu przez zamawiającego: Budowa budynku szatniowo-sanitarnego w miejscowosci Hucisko gmina Harasiuki - etap II Numer referencyjny: RRG.III.271.12.2019 II.4) Krótki opis przedmiotu zamówienia (wielkość, zakres, rodzaj i ilość dostaw, usług lub robót budowlanych lub określenie zapotrzebowania i wymagań ) a w przypadku partnerstwa innowacyjnego - określenie zapotrzebowania na innowacyjny produkt, usługę lub roboty budowlane: Przedmiotem zamówienia jest realizacja zadania pn. „Budowa budynku szatniowo –sanitarnego w miejscowości Hucisko, gmina Harasiuki – etap II.” Przedmiotowy budynek jest obiektem wolnostojącym jednokondygnacyjny niepodpiwniczony o wymiarach 10,52 x 6,92 parterowy o konstrukcji tradycyjnej murowanej z pustaków ceramicznych i betonu komórkowego, dach czterospadowy kryty blacha trapezową. Zakres rzeczowy zadania obejmuje wykonanie : - robót wykończeniowych ( tynki, malowanie, roboty okładzinowe, docieplenie budynku), - instalacji wodociągowej, - instalacji kanalizacji sanitarnej, - instalacji solarnej, - montaż wyposażenia łazienek, - instalacji elektrycznej wewnętrznej i odgromowej, 2.Szczegółowy opis przedmiotu zamówienia został określony w specyfikacji technicznej wykonania i odbioru robót, dokumentacji projektowej oraz przedmiarach robót które stanowią załączniki do specyfikacji istotnych warunków zamówienia, tj.: Załącznik Nr 7 Dokumentacja projektowa; Załącznik Nr 8 Specyfikacja Techniczna Wykonania i Odbioru Robót Budowlanych Załącznik Nr 9 Przedmiary robót 3.Wykonawca zobowiązuje się do wykonania przedmiotu umowy zgodnie zasadami wiedzy technicznej i sztuki budowlanej, obowiązującymi przepisami i polskimi normami oraz oddania przedmiotu niniejszej umowy Zamawiającemu w terminie w niej uzgodnionym. 4.Przedmiot zamówienia musi być wykonany zgodnie z obowiązującymi wymaganiami wynikającymi z Polskich Norm i aprobat technicznych oraz na ustalonych niniejszą Umową warunkach, zgodnie z wymogami określonymi w Specyfikacji Istotnych Warunków Zamówienia (zwanymi dalej „SIWZ”). 5. Zakres rzeczowy obejmuje również wszystkie czynności i koszty wynikające z dokumentacji technicznej i sztuki budowlanej. Stosownie do treści art. 652 K.c. Wykonawca ponosi odpowiedzialność, na zasadach ogólnych, za szkody wynikłe na terenie budowy od chwili przejęcia terenu budowy aż do chwili oddania obiektu. Koszty z tego tytułu są ujęte w kosztach pośrednich wykonawcy robót. 6. Roboty dodatkowe mogą być realizowane, tylko za pisemną zgodą Zamawiającego. 7.Roboty, które błędnie nie zostały ujęte w przedmiarze robót, a niezbędne do wykonania umowy zgodnie z jej warunkami wynikającymi z dokumentacji projektowej i STWiORB i które należy wykonać zgodnie z obowiązującymi przepisami lub sztuką budowlaną, aby przedmiotowe dzieło zostało wykonane, odebrane i spełniało swoje funkcje, nie zostaną zapłacone. 8.Zamawiający oświadcza, że posiada prawo do dysponowania nieruchomością na których realizowany będzie przedmiot zamówienia. 9.Wykonawca/podwykonawca zobowiązany jest do zatrudnienia na podstawie umowy o pracę we własnym przedsiębiorstwie osób wykonujących następujące czynności w zakresie realizacji zamówienia: roboty budowlane , jeżeli wykonywanie tych czynności polega na wykonywaniu pracy w sposób określony w art. 22 § 1 ustawy z dnia 26 czerwca 1974 r. – Kodeks pracy (Dz. U. z 2018 r. poz. 917, z późn. zm.): 10. Zatrudnienie, o którym mowa w ust. 5 powinno trwać przez okres niezbędny do wykonania wskazanych czynności. W przypadku rozwiązania stosunku pracy przed zakończeniem tego okresu Wykonawca/podwykonawca niezwłocznie zatrudni na to miejsce inną osobę.11. Dla udokumentowania faktu zatrudnienia pracowników stosownie do ust. 5, Wykonawca nie później niż w terminie 7 dni od dnia zawarcia niniejszej umowy lub umowy z podwykonawcą złoży Zamawiającemu w formie pisemnej oświadczenie o spełnieniu przez Wykonawcę oraz podwykonawcę wymogu, o którym mowa w ust. 9, ze wskazaniem ilu pracowników zatrudnionych na podstawie umowy o pracę wykonuje czynności określone w ust. 9. W celu wykazania braku podstaw do wykluczenia z postepowania o udzielenie zamówienia w okolicznościach o których mowa w art. 24 ust.5 pkt 1. ustawy wykonawca przedkłada: 1. odpis z właściwego rejestru lub z centralnej ewidencji i informacji o działalności gospodarczej, jeżeli odrębne przepisy wymagają wpisu do rejestru lub ewidencji, w celu potwierdzenia braku podstaw wykluczenia na podstawie art. 24 ust. 5 pkt 1 ustawy Pzp, wystawiony nie wcześniej niż 6 miesięcy przed terminem składania ofert. Wykonawca nie jest obowiązany do złożenia dokumentów potwierdzających okoliczności, o których mowa w art. 25 ust. 1 pkt 3, jeżeli Zamawiający posiada dokumenty dotyczące tego wykonawcy lub może je uzyskać za pomocą bezpłatnych i ogólnodostępnych baz danych, w szczególności rejestrów publicznych w rozumieniu ustawy z dnia 17 lutego 2005 r. o informatyzacji działalności podmiotów realizujących zadania publiczne (Dz. U. z 2014 r. poz. 1114 oraz z 2016 r. poz. 352). Jeżeli wykonawca ma siedzibę lub miejsce zamieszkania poza terytorium Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, składa dokument wystawiony w kraju, w którym Wykonawca ma siedzibę lub miejsce zamieszkania potwierdzający, że nie otwarto jego likwidacji ani nie ogłoszono upadłości - wystawiony nie wcześniej niż 6 miesięcy przed upływem terminu składania ofert. Jeżeli w kraju, w którym wykonawca ma siedzibę lub miejsce zamieszkania lub miejsce zamieszkania ma osoba, której dokument dotyczy, nie wydaje się dokumentów, o których mowa w ust. 1, zastępuje się je dokumentem zawierającym odpowiednio oświadczenie wykonawcy, ze wskazaniem osoby albo osób uprawnionych do jego reprezentacji, lub oświadczenie osoby, której dokument miał dotyczyć, złożone przed notariuszem lub przed organem sądowym administracyjnym albo organem samorządu zawodowego lub gospodarczego właściwym ze względu na siedzibę lub miejsce zamieszkania wykonawcy lub miejsce zamieszkania tej osoby wystawiony nie wcześniej niż 6 miesięcy przed upływem terminu składania ofert. W zakresie spełniania warunków udziału w postępowaniu Wykonawca przedkłada: 1).wykaz osób, skierowanych przez wykonawcę do realizacji zamówienia publicznego, w szczególności odpowiedzialnych za świadczenie usług, kontrole jakości lub kierowanie robotami budowlanymi, wraz z informacjami na temat ich kwalifikacji zawodowych, uprawnień, doświadczenia i wykształcenia niezbędnych do wykonania zamówienia publicznego, a także zakresu wykonywanych przez nie czynności oraz informacją o podstawie do dysponowania tymi osobami. Wzór stanowi załącznik Nr 4 do SIWZ. 1. W przypadkach, o których mowa w art. 144 ust. 1 pkt 2-6 ustawy – Prawo zamówień publicznych i innych przypadkach wskazanych w niniejszej umowie, Zamawiający dopuszcza możliwość wprowadzania zmiany umowy w stosunku do treści oferty, na podstawie której dokonano wyboru Wykonawcy. Zamawiający przewiduje możliwość wprowadzenia istotnych zmian do umowy w przypadkach: 1) Zmiany wynagrodzenia za realizacje przedmiotu umowy w przypadku: a) zmian powszechnie obowiązujących przepisów prawa, w tym zmiany wysokości stawki podatku VAT, 2) Zmiany terminu realizacji przedmiotu umowy określonego w § 2 ust. 2 w przypadku: a) szczególnie niesprzyjających warunków atmosferycznych (ulewne i długotrwałe deszcze) uniemożliwiających prowadzenie prac z zachowaniem wymaganej technologii, przeprowadzanie prób i sprawdzeń, dokonywanie odbiorów, o ile nie dało się tego przewidzieć i / lub wykonać w innym terminie; - o czas trwania niesprzyjających warunków atmosferycznych, b) koniecznością usunięcia błędów lub wprowadzenia zmian w dokumentacji projektowej, jeżeli konieczność ta wynika z okoliczności, których Zamawiający nie mógł przewidzieć w momencie zawarcia umowy, - o czas konieczny do wprowadzenia zmian w projekcie, naniesienia poprawek przez projektanta. c) koniecznością wykonania robót dodatkowych, zamiennych niezbędnych do prawidłowego wykonania zamówienia lub innych zamówień powiązanych, których udzielenie i wykonanie stało się konieczne lub celowe i które mają wpływ na termin realizacji niniejszego zamówienia, - o okres niezbędny do wykonania robót będących przedmiotem aneksu do umowy d) wystąpienia siły wyższej (np. klęski żywiołowe spowodowane przez burze, huragany) uniemożliwiającej wykonanie zamówienia w terminie umownym lub powodującej zmianę zakresu robót; - o czas działania siły wyższej oraz potrzebny do usunięcia skutków tego działania. W przypadku wystąpienia którejkolwiek z okoliczności wymienionych powyżej termin realizacji robót określony w umowie może ulec odpowiedniemu przedłużeniu, o czas niezbędny do zakończenia ich wykonywania w sposób należyty, nie dłużej jednak niż o okres trwania tych okoliczności i tylko w przypadku gdy nie były one następstwem okoliczności za które odpowiada Wykonawca. 3). Zmiana osób, przy pomocy których Wykonawca i Zamawiający realizuje przedmiot umowy na inne osoby, pod warunkiem ,że spełniają warunki określone w SIWZ, 4). Zmiana podwykonawcy w trakcie realizacji umowy o ile stanie się konieczna. Opublikowano: 11 grudnia 2019 14:43 SIWZ z załącznikami [428 KB] Szczegółowe Specyfikacje Techniczne [1.07 MB] Przedmiary robót [1.92 MB] Projekty techniczne [10.59 MB] Wyjaśnienie III treści SIWZ pn. „Rozwój... Wyjaśnienie II treści SIWZ Nr. ref. RRG.III.... INFORMACJA Z OTWARCIA OFERT na realizację... ZAPYTANIE OFERTOWE na realizację zamówienia...
de	wikipedia	N/A	Die Samsung Open 2000 war ein Tennisturnier, das vom 20. bis 26. November 2000 in Brighton stattfand. Es war Teil der ATP Tour 2000 und wurde in der Halle auf Hartplatz ausgetragen. Es war die 5. und letzte Ausgabe des Turniers und zudem das einzige Mal, dass das Turnier in Brighton stattfand, zuvor wurde es in Bournemouth ausgetragen. Das Turnier war als Turnier der International Series zum letzten Mal Teil der ATP-Serie, da es in der Folgesaison nicht mehr berücksichtigt wurde. Es fand zusammen mit dem Scania Stockholm Open in der letzten Spielwoche vor den Tennis Masters Cup 2000 statt. Das Preisgeld betrug 375.000 US-Dollar. Im Einzel traten 32 Spieler gegeneinander an, im Doppel waren es 16 Paarungen. Das Einzelturnier gewann der topgesetzte Brite Tim Henman, der damit den Rumänen Adrian Voinea als Titelträger ablöste. Voinea trat nicht zur Titelverteidigung an. Für Henman war es der zweite Titel in dieser Saison und der sechste seiner Karriere. Er konnte sich damit als einziger Brite in die Siegerliste dieses ATP-Turniers eintragen. Titelverteidiger im Doppel waren der US-Amerikaner Jeff Tarango und David Adams aus Südafrika. Während Adams nicht bei dem Turnier teilnahm, gelang Tarango mit seinem diesjährigen Partner Michael Hill aus Australien an Position zwei gesetzt die erfolgreiche Titelverteidigung. Es war sowohl für Hill als auch für Tarango der einzige Titel der Saison. Außerdem war es Tarangos 13. und Hills zweiter Karrieretitel. Einzel Setzliste Ergebnisse Doppel Setzliste Ergebnisse Weblinks und Quellen Einzel-Turnierplan auf der Homepage der ATP (PDF; 12 kB) Doppel-Turnierplan auf der Homepage der ATP (PDF; 9 kB) Qualifikations-Turnierplan auf der Homepage der ATP (PDF; 7 kB) ATP Challenger Series 2000 Tennisturnier in Brighton
hu	wikipedia	N/A	A 80 nap alatt a Föld körül (eredetileg: Around the World in 80 Days) egy 2004-ben készült brit–német–ír–amerikai vígjáték/kalandfilm Frank Coraci rendezésében, Steve Coogan, Jackie Chan, Cécile de France és Jim Broadbent főszereplésével. A film Jules Verne azonos című regénye alapján készült. Cselekmény Phileas Fogg (Steve Coogan) feltaláló olyan találmányokkal áll elő, mint a repülés vagy az elektromosság, de a felsőbb tízezer befolyásos tagjai rögeszmés bolondnak tartják. Fogg különös fogadást köt Lord Kelvinnel (Jim Broadbent), a Királyi Tudományos Akadémia elnökével: állítja, ő bizony körülutazza a Földet 80 nap alatt! Oldalán inasával, Passepartout-val (Jackie Chan) és az izgalmakat hajhászó francia művésznővel, Monique-kal (Cécile De France), Fogg nekivág az eszeveszett, szívet-erőt nem kímélő, világkörüli versenyfutásnak. Szereplők További információk 2004 filmjei Könyvadaptációk Walt Disney Pictures-filmek SPI-filmek Amerikai családi filmek Amerikai kalandfilmek Amerikai filmvígjátékok Brit családi filmek Brit kalandfilmek Brit filmvígjátékok Ír filmvígjátékok Párizsban játszódó filmek
en	wikipedia	N/A	Peder Sjögren (1905–1966), born as Gösta Sjögren, was a Swedish writer who fought in the Spanish Civil War and the Continuation War. Many of his books were based on those experiences. Life and works Gösta Tage Filip Sjögren was born in 1905, outside Växjö, in the province of Småland, and at the age of 10 moved to Stockholm. Aged 17, he was sent to Rome, after which he travelled to the Balkans, Spain, North Africa, Poland, and Finland. As an antifascist during the Spanish Civil War, he joined the International Brigades and was wounded in combat. His experiences in the war provided him with themes for several of his novels. After his recovery, he was arrested as a suspected spy, but subsequently escaped from Spain on a British warship. Having worked as a journalist, his best articles were collected into his first book, Bar barbar (1937). In spite of this book and occasional radio plays and short stories, Sjögren did not attract attention until the appearance of Black Palms (Svarta palmkronor, 1944), which became a film by Lars-Magnus Lindgren in 1968. His second novel, Bread of Love (Kärlekens bröd, 1945), was based on his experiences as a volunteer in the Finnish Continuation War of 1941-44. A film of the book directed by Arne Mattsson (1953) was banned in Finland. Sjögren committed suicide in 1966, five days after his second wife died. Bibliography Bar Barbar. Stockholm: Bonniers, 1937. (Reportage) Svarta palmkronor (Black Palms). Stockholm: Medéns, 1944; Vingförlaget, 1952; Folket i bild, 1958. (Novel) Kärlekens bröd (Bread of Love). Stockholm: Medéns, 1945; Folket i bild, 1954. (Novel) Jag vill gå ned till Thimnath (I Will Down to Thimnath). Stockholm: Medéns, 1947; Tidens bokklub, 1956. (Novel) Mannen som försökte smita (The Man Who Tried to Bolt). Stockholm: Norstedts, 1949. (Novel) Damen (The Lady). Stockholm: Norstedts, 1951. (Novel) Bikten (The Confession). Stockholm: Norstedts, 1954. (Short stories) Ta ner stjärnorna (Take Down the Stars). Stockholm: Norstedts, 1957. (Novel) Till minne (In Memory). Stockholm: Norstedts, 1959. (Four dialogues) Vårt nummer (Our Number). Svenska radiopjäser. Stockholm: Sveriges radio, 1959. (Radio play) Högmodet (Pride). Dödssynderna: Sju enaktare (The Deadly Sins: Seven One-Acters). By Per Edström et al. Stockholm: Bonniers, 1959. (Radio play) Möte i parken (Meeting in the Park). Svenska radiopjäser. Stockholm: Sveriges radio, 1962. (Radio play) Elis. Stockholm: Norstedts, 1964. (Novel) References External links Full biography by Richard B. Vowles Swedish people of the Spanish Civil War Swedish male writers International Brigades personnel 1905 births 1966 suicides Suicides in Sweden
sk	wikipedia	N/A	Proti prúdu, Prop alebo Prop.sk je zaniknutá slovenská nacionálne orientovaná webová lokalita obsahujúca prevzaté, preložené a skrátené články tlačových agentúr, komentáre k takýmto článkom, vlastné články a diskusné príspevky. Podstatnú časť stránky tvoria konšpiračné teórie. Na základe trestného oznámenia poslankyne za SaS Natálie Blahovej z mája 2010 začala polícia trestné stíhanie voči webovej lokalite. Skutok bol kvalifikovaný ako prečin hanobenia národa, rasy a presvedčenia Občianske združenie Proti prúdu, ktoré od roku 2001 vydáva mesačník NOTA BENE s týmto (anonymným) webom nemá nič spoločné. Obsah stránky Články Pokrývané témy sa sústreďujú na spoločenské, politické ale aj vedecké témy. Články vo veľkej miere vyjadrujú názory ostro kritické voči politike USA a Izraela, voči gejom , liberalizmu a globalizácii. Židia, holokaust, rasizmus Niektoré príspevky spochybňujú historický fakt holokaustu, prípadne presviedčajú o existencii sionistického sprisahania s cieľom ovládnuť svet. Časť príspevkov kritizuje obmedzovanie slobody slova v otázkach popierania holokaustu, aj keď v množstve iných príspevkov Prop.sk chváli diktátorské režimy so silnou cenzúrou. Vznik totalitných režimov (fašizmus a komunizmus) v 20. storočí majú podľa prekladu článku od Henryho Makowa uverejnenom na webovej stránke Prop.sk na svedomí Židia, ktorí údajne „vytvorili Hitlera preto, aby mohli kontrolovať Stalina a začať s vojnou“. Pád komunistických režimov články na Prop.sk zdôvodňujú tiež tým, že za nimi stáli Židia. Rovnako aj holokaust majú podľa článkov uverejnených na Prop.sk na svedomí Židia, „aby bolo možné odôvodniť existenciu slobodomurárskeho "židovského" štátu“. V preklade článku amerického neonacistu Harolda Covingtona „Čo je Nový svetový poriadok“ sa uvádza, že „biele krajiny zaplavuje teraz bahno tretieho sveta“, čo je spôsobené „slabosťou a zmätenosťou bieleho človeka“. Ekonomické názory Ďalšie príspevky zverejnené na webovej stránke Prop.sk vystupujú proti slobodnému trhu a kapitalizmu. Globalizáciu opisujú príspevky na Prop.sk ako koncentráciu moci v „rukách dvanástich super-bohatých dynastických rodín“ tvorených manželstvami Židov s anglo-americkou alebo európskou aristokraciou. Zavŕšením vývoja kapitalizmu má byť svet „riadený málopočetnou, výnimočne bohatou, anglo-sionistickou elitou, ktorá bude celosvetovo vládnuť obyvateľstvu, pozostávajúcemu z priemyselných sluhov farby kávy, čo bude dôsledok zmiešania súčasných rás na tejto zemi“. Prop.sk čerpala názory na ekonomiku aj z Česko-Slovenských učebníc spred Nežnej revolúcie, napríklad „Teória štátu a práva“ z roku 1977, podľa ktorej kapitalizmus mení svet na „vykorisťovateľov a vykorisťovaných, ale aj na svet modernej buržoáznej neslobody, politickej poroby a duševného otroctva“. Slovenský štát a panslavizmus Napriek tomu, že niektorí autori na Prop.sk sa otvorene hlásia k rusofilstvu a volajú po vytvorení jednotného všeslovanského štátu, veľmi pozitívne je vykresľovaný aj vojnový slovenský štát, ktorý však spolu s Nemeckom zaútočil na slovanské Poľsko a Sovietsky zväz. Pri príležitosti 60. výročia od popravy Jozefa Tisa, Prop.sk zverejnil článok o „hanebnej poprave nášho prvého slovenského prezidenta, martýra slovenskej slobody“, spolu s Tisovým politickým vyhlásením pred popravou, kde sa označuje za „protiboľševického“ bojovníka. Napriek úcte k Tisovi sa Prop.sk stavia na iných miestach na stranu komunistických alebo ľavicových diktatúr. Rovnako, napriek panslavizmu sa v článkoch na Prop.sk prejavuje silná averzia voči Česko-Slovensku. Diktatúry a totalitné režimy Časť textov zverejnených na tejto webovej stránke sa stavia veľmi pozitívne k súčasnému Rusku, alebo aj k ľavicovým diktatúram Alexandra Lukašenka v Bielorusku, prípadne Huga Cháveza vo Venezuele. Projekt „Kto za koho kope“ Súčasťou Prop.sk bol aj projekt „Kto za koho kope“, ktorý sa na stránke objavil v dvoch častiach. Snaží sa zmapovať údajnú „veľmi úzku, dobre prepojenú skupinu“ ľudí, ktorá sa „výrazným spôsobom podieľa na rozklade (chode) Slovenska“. Do skupiny sú bez ďalšieho zdôvodnenia zahrnutí známejší slovenskí analytici, politológovia alebo inštitúcie. Autor projektu Prop.sk je neznámy, podpísaný len krstným menom. Online knihy Prop.sk prinášal aj reklamu alebo celé znenie kníh, napríklad online verziu knihy komunistického ex-poslanca Karola Ondriaša „Všeobecné kecy, fakty a nezodpovedané otázky“, ktorá tvrdí, že svet ovláda „koalícia globálnych investorov“ a ako jediné možné riešenie vidí komunizmus. Kniha „Koniec sveta alebo nový začiatok?“ od autorky Márie Sepešiovej sa zaoberá najmä tajnými spoločnosťami, údajne utajovanými učeniami, hroziacimi celosvetovými krízami a vývojom sveta v budúcnosti. Autorka sa napríklad snaží presvedčiť o existencii jednotlivcov, „ktorí sú už od útleho veku krátkodobo unášaní inteligentnými bytosťami z UFO“. Rovnako ako Ondriaš odsudzuje kapitalizmus. Podľa autorky „nič nemôže zabrániť, aby sme sa v budúcnosti“ nevrátili ku komunizmu. Autorka tvrdí, že skutočný obraz komunistických režimov je skreslený tým, že utečenci a disidenti ho z vypočítavosti predstavovali v čo najčiernejších farbách, aby získali štatút utečencov alebo veľkorysé finančné podpory. Citáty Stránka Prop.sk dávala veľký priestor citátom z novín, časopisov alebo kníh. Medzi často citované noviny a časopisy patrili: Literárny týždenník, časopis Spolku slovenských spisovateľov Kultúra, dvojtýždenník závislý od etiky EXTRA plus, mesačník Slovenské národné noviny, dvojtýždenník Matice slovenskej Slovenské pohľady na literatúru, umenie a život, mesačník, vydáva Matica slovenská Dimenzie, mesačník Partneri a blízke skupiny Webová stránka Prop.sk mala blízko k združeniu Slovenská pospolitosť (neskôr transformované na politickú stranu, ktorú Najvyšší súd Slovenskej republiky rozpustil, pretože jej politická činnosť bola v rozpore s Ústavou SR) a združeniu Nové slobodné Slovensko. Zverejňovala napríklad pozvánky na akcie organizované týmito organizáciami. Prop.sk zverejnil aj pozvánku na akciu organizovanú nacionalistickou Slovenskou ľudovou stranou a prosbu o „zapálenie svetielka v noci na 18. apríla“ pri príležitosti 60. rokov od popravy Jozefa Tisa. Prop-u je blízke aj nitrianske nacionálne orientované Slovenské Hnutie Obrody, pričom na svojich stránkach odporúča napríklad blog predsedu tohto hnutia a zároveň uverejňuje množstvo článkov od členov tohto občianskeho združenia. Referencie Slovenské webové periodiká Antisemitizmus Slovenský nacionalizmus Spochybňovanie holokaustu
en	caselaw	US	AFFIRM; and Opinion Filed December 22, 2014. S In The Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas No. 05-13-01165-CR No. 05-13-01167-CR No. 05-13-01168-CR No. 05-13-01169-CR JASMINE LANETTE JOHNSON, Appellant V. THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee On Appeal from the 194th Judicial District Court Dallas County, Texas Trial Court Cause Nos. F-1270295-M, F-1270296-M, F-1270403-M, and F-1270404-M MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Justices Francis, Evans, and Stoddart Opinion by Justice Francis A jury convicted Jasmine Lanette Johnson of compelling prostitution and trafficking of two sixteen-year-old girls, J.H. and A.R., and assessed punishment at concurrent sentences of twenty-five years in prison. In two issues, appellant challenges the legal sufficiency of the evidence to support the convictions involving A.R. and the admission of perpetrator profile evidence. For the reasons set out below, we overrule her issues and affirm the trial court’s judgments. J.H. and A.R. met at Jonathan’s Place in Garland, a group home for teenagers preparing for adult living before they “age out” of state custody. (J.H. had been removed from her father’s care after she had his baby at age thirteen, and A.R. was removed from her grandparents’ care after she was arrested for truancy.) The girls disliked Jonathan’s Place and wanted to leave. A.R. had a friend, “Sparkle,” who said J.H. and A.R. could stay with her older sister, who was identified as appellant. Neither J.H. nor A.R. believed they would have to pay rent. The girls ran away in November 2011; J.H. left first. When she arrived at appellant’s house on Gonzalez Street in Pleasant Grove, appellant knew she was coming and invited her in. Two days later, A.R. arrived. Both girls said appellant knew they were under eighteen. At first, J.H. and A.R. did not do much of anything; they smoked marijuana and drank alcohol provided by appellant. But not long after A.R. arrived, appellant told them they needed to work as strippers to earn money. Sparkle and Brianne both “danced” at a club and tried to teach the girls. Neither, however, caught on, and appellant and Brianne told the girls they needed to “[g]et some tricks,” which meant having sex for money. J.H. testified appellant “explained every bit of it,” how to pick up tricks and how to identify police officers. Brianne gave her clothes, and J.H. was given a new name, “Bunny.” J.H. said she walked up and down the main street looking for “tricks” and performed sexual favors in the cars of her clients. On one occasion, she took a man back to appellant’s house. She also developed clients on a dating chat line. Appellant and Brianne gave her a cell phone to keep the clients’ phone numbers. Appellant told her what to charge: $100 an hour or $60 for thirty minutes. She gave all the money she made to appellant and Brianne so that she could stay in their house. Appellant and Brianne called her “money train,” because she brought in most of the money. At first, J.H. said appellant and Brianne were nice. Then, she began getting in “trouble” if she “messed up” by not charging enough for the “tricks” or letting a trick know where they stayed. Once, appellant and a man held her down and beat her backside with a belt. On another occasion, she said appellant held her by her neck against the wall and told her if she messed up again, “it would be worse.” –2– After about three weeks, she was “tired” of her situation. She made up a story so that she could leave. J.H. then stayed with an ex-boyfriend for a few days, but after that, she needed a place to stay and decided to go back to appellant’s house. On her way there, she was arrested just outside the house on a runaway charge and taken back to Jonathan’s Place. There, she told a staff member what had happened, and the staff member contacted the police. A detective went to appellant’s house to investigate and to look for A.R. A. R. was not there at the time. That day, J.H. received a message on Facebook from A.R. wanting to know what she told the police. Like J.H., A.R. testified she was told to pick up tricks to help with the rent. She walked the streets near the house, either alone or with J.H. She also used the chat room to find clients. Unlike J.H., A.R. did not always stay at the house. At times when she was supposed to be working, she went home to see her grandfather. A.R. said she only had two tricks in a week. She had sex with one of the men in a hotel room that he paid for and had sex with the second man at appellant’s house. She said appellant believed she was seventeen, knew she was a runaway, and was a friend of Sparkle’s. After J.H. left and the police came to the house, appellant and Brianne told her she needed to leave so the detective would not return and find her there. A.R. left the house briefly, but then returned. At some point, Brianne contacted her and told her she owed money and could not return to the house until the money was paid. The police found A.R. at her grandfather’s house in January and arrested her. When the police talked to her, she did not want to cooperate. On cross-examination, A.R. testified she did not feel appellant and Brianne forced her to do anything and said she did it because she wanted to. She acknowledged that appellant and Brianne asked her to contribute money for rent. Further, she admitted telling a worker that she hated it when people “called it prostitution” because “that was just what she wanted to do.” She said she turned over the money she made to appellant and Brianne, but kept some for herself. On –3– redirect, she testified about messages she received from Brianne asking for money. The first message, placed on Facebook, said they needed money for the rent, asked if she could help, and instructed her to delete the message when she called. A.R. believed the message was designed to tell her she needed to give them money for staying at their house. Less than two weeks later, A.R. received a text message from Brianne saying A.R. owed them $150 for rent. A.R. responded that “the truck driver never came,” meaning a “trick.” Brianne responded that there would be a “problem” if A.R. did not pay the money and then told her not to come to the house until she paid the rent. In addition to the girls’ testimony, the State also called the two officers who investigated the case, Detective James Bordelon and Officer Michael McMurray, and their supervisor, Sgt. Byron Fassett, who is an expert in child exploitation cases. Detective Bordelon testified he received a referral from CPS about J.H. J.H. reported to him essentially the same facts that she testified to at trial. He testified that A.R. was not as cooperative as J.H. but did corroborate J.H.’s story that A.R. set up a place for them to go and once they got there, appellant directed them to prostitute and turn over the money to her. His partner, Officer McMurray, identified two exhibits containing the records associated with the cell phones of J.H. and A.R. The records of J.H.’s phone contained a list of contacts, including “Kyle Trickk,” “Tom Trickk,” “White Jay Trickk,” “Steve Tric,” among others, as well photographs of J.H. and of the interior of appellant’s house. The record from A.R.’s phone included the text messages from Brianne wanting her to pay $150. Sgt. Fassett testified as an expert and detailed his background, education, qualifications, training, and experience. Although he had not interviewed J.H. or A.R., he was familiar with the facts of their cases. Fassett had worked in the child exploitation squad for more than twenty years and had developed a high-risk victim model to identify and locate child victims of sex –4– trafficking. Most of the children, he said, were runaways who did not see themselves as victims, were repeat victims of sexual abuse, and children who had been arrested for child sex trafficking or child prostitution. He explained that children cannot make it on the street on their own but need adult support. They want love, affection, attention, and a sense of belonging, and they have only “one commodity to sell,” their bodies. A pimp traps or lures the child with an offer of a safe place to stay and a sense of security. Once there, the pimp lowers the child’s inhibitions by showing “what it is all about,” “[e]verybody does it,” and it is not that “big of a deal.” The victims become complicit in their exploitation and generally protect the pimp and “bottom girl.” The “bottom girl” is the No. 2 person in a pimp’s organization. According to Fassett, she may act as the enforcer, the finder of girls, and the collector of money, but the pimp is the one in charge. The child victims feel this “new place” is the only place where they have been made to feel someone cares for them. They protect the people exploiting them because they believe they have no other place to go. Fassett explained it is no different than the family violence victim who returns to the abuser because she has nowhere to go or the child who protects the father who abuses her. In her defense, appellant called five family members and friends who testified they had been to the Gonzalez Street house, lived in the neighborhood, or visited the neighborhood during late 2011 and 2012. Each of the witnesses said he or she had never seen any evidence of prostitution. Specifically, they testified they did not see men coming and going from the house nor did they see cars parked outside the house. In her first issue, appellant contends the evidence is legally insufficient to show that she trafficked or caused A.R. to engage in prostitution or that she compelled A.R. to commit prostitution. Rather, she argues, the evidence shows A.R. willingly came to her house, was not –5– forced to commit prostitution, and only paid appellant money to contribute to the rent while staying at her house. In reviewing a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence, we examine the evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict to determine whether any rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319 (1979). This standard accounts for the factfinder’s duty to resolve conflicts in the testimony, to weigh the evidence, and to draw reasonable inferences from basic to ultimate facts. Clayton v. State, 235 S.W.3d 772, 778 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007). Therefore, when analyzing the sufficiency of the evidence, we “determine whether the necessary inferences are reasonable based upon the combined and cumulative force of all the evidence when viewed in the light most favorable to the verdict.” Id. Direct and circumstantial evidence are treated equally. Id. To obtain a conviction for compelling prostitution, the State was required to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that appellant knowingly caused A.R., a person younger than eighteen, to commit prostitution, regardless of whether appellant knew A.R.’s age at the time appellant committed the offense. TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 43.05 (West Supp. 2014). Prostitution includes offering to engage, agreeing to engage, or engaging in sexual conduct for a fee or soliciting another in a public place to engage with the person in sexual conduct for hire. Id. § 43.02(a)(1), (2). “[T]he actual commission of the offense of prostitution is not a prerequisite to the commission of the offense of compelling prostitution.” Waggoner v. State, 897 S.W.2d 510, 513 (Tex. App.—Austin 1995, no pet.). One who provides opportunity for a willing minor to engage in prostitution and influences, persuades, or prevails upon her to do so has caused the prostitution. Id. at 512. To obtain a conviction for trafficking, the State was required to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that appellant knowingly trafficked A.R., a child, by transporting, enticing, –6– recruiting, harboring, providing, or otherwise obtaining her and by any means caused A.R. to engage in, or become the victim of, prostitution. TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. §§ 20A.02(a)(7)(E); 20A.01(4) (West Supp. 2014). A child means a person younger than 18 years of age. Id. § 20A.01(1). Appellant argues the evidence fails to support her convictions because (1) A.R. willingly came to appellant’s house because she was friends with Sparkle; (2) A.R., a runaway, stayed briefly at the house but would leave to go to her grandfather’s house when she wanted; (3) appellant and Brianne only suggested A.R. learn to dance or “get some tricks” to pay for staying at the house, and appellant did not instruct her on how to prostitute; (4) A.R. was not forced or compelled to prostitute, but did so because she wanted to; and (5) Brianne, not appellant, asked A.R. for money to help pay rent “with no mention of money being obtained from prostituting.” She argues appellant was found guilty of the offenses against A.R. because of the compelling evidence relating to J.H. Appellant’s argument is without merit. The evidence showed appellant’s younger sister, Sparkle, arranged for A.R. and J.H. to stay with the appellant. When the girls left Jonathan’s Place for appellant’s house, neither expected she would have to pay money to stay there. But, shortly after they arrived, appellant told them they needed to pay rent. Brianne and Sparkle tried to teach A.R. to strip dance, but she could not pick it up. After that, appellant and Brianne told A.R. she needed to “[g]et some tricks” to help with the rent. A.R. explained that meant having sex for money. A.R. walked the streets near the house to pick up clients or worked a chat line, ultimately picking up two clients in one week. She gave the money she earned to appellant and Brianne, but kept some for herself. The jury could have reasonably concluded that appellant recruited A.R. and J.H. through her sister Sparkle. Further, the jury could have considered A.R.’s testimony through the context provided by Sgt. Fassett, who explained how pimps take advantage of child runaways like A.R. –7– The jury could have believed that appellant knew A.R. could not care for herself and lured her in by offering a place to stay and security, and then requiring money for rent when she knew A.R. had limited means of earning money. That A.R. showed any willingness to prostitute does not mean that appellant did not cause her to engage in prostitution. Appellant not only provided her the opportunity (by, at a minimum, providing a place to bring one of her clients), she persuaded or prevailed upon her to do so. See Waggoner, 897 S.W.2d at 512. To the extent appellant suggests the State needed to show “force,” the State did not allege that as a basis. See TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 43.05(a)(1). Rather, because A.R. was under the age of eighteen, the State needed only to demonstrate “any means” by which appellant caused A.R. to act. See id. § 43.05(a)(2); Waggoner, 897 S.W.2d at 512. Finally, the jury had J.H.’s testimony from which it could draw reasonable conclusions about appellant’s motives and the operations in the house. According to J.H., appellant controlled the house, explained “every bit” of prostitution to her, and beat her when she “messed up.” From this, the jury could have concluded appellant was a pimp whose intent was to prostitute A.R. and J.H. for money. We conclude the evidence is legally sufficient to support appellant’s convictions for trafficking and compelling the prostitution of A.R. We overrule the first issue. In her second issue, appellant contends the trial court erred by permitting Fassett to testify to a perpetrator profile in juvenile prostitution. Within this issue, appellant acknowledges Fassett’s testimony about child trafficking was relevant to help the jury understand how children like A.R. “get into a situation where they are seemingly willing to engage in prostitution.” From there, she asserts the State went “beyond this line of questioning to portray the character and motivation of a perpetrator” and concludes the admission of the evidence was an abuse of discretion. Appellant does not, however, identify the particular evidence of which she is –8– complaining nor does she provide any substantive analysis. Under these circumstances, we conclude appellant’s issue is inadequately briefed. See TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1(i). We affirm the trial court’s judgments. /Molly Francis/ MOLLY FRANCIS JUSTICE Do Not Publish TEX. R. APP. P. 47.2(b) 131165F.U05 –9– S Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas JUDGMENT JASMINE LANETTE JOHNSON, On Appeal from the 194th Judicial District Appellant Court, Dallas County, Texas Trial Court Cause No. F-1270295-M. No. 05-13-01165-CR V. Opinion delivered by Justice Francis; Justices Evans and Stoddart participating. THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee Based on the Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is AFFIRMED. Judgment entered this 22nd day of December, 2014. –10– S Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas JUDGMENT JASMINE LANETTE JOHNSON, On Appeal from the 194th Judicial District Appellant Court, Dallas County, Texas Trial Court Cause No. F-1270296-M. No. 05-13-01167-CR V. Opinion delivered by Justice Francis; Justices Evans and Stoddart participating. THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee Based on the Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is AFFIRMED. Judgment entered this 22nd day of December, 2014. –11– S Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas JUDGMENT JASMINE LANETTE JOHNSON, On Appeal from the 194th Judicial District Appellant Court, Dallas County, Texas Trial Court Cause No. F-1270403-M. No. 05-13-01168-CR V. Opinion delivered by Justice Francis; Justices Evans and Stoddart participating. THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee Based on the Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is AFFIRMED. Judgment entered this 22nd day of December, 2014. –12– S Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas JUDGMENT JASMINE LANETTE JOHNSON, On Appeal from the 194th Judicial District Appellant Court, Dallas County, Texas Trial Court Cause No. F-1270404-M. No. 05-13-01169-CR V. Opinion delivered by Justice Francis; Justices Evans and Stoddart participating. THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee Based on the Court’s opinion of this date, the judgment of the trial court is AFFIRMED. Judgment entered this 22nd day of December, 2014. –13–
en	wikipedia	N/A	Guajataca River () is a river in Lares, Puerto Rico. It is located on the northwest coast of the island. It flows from the south and drains into the Atlantic Ocean. The name was given by the original Taino inhabitants prior to the arrival of Christopher Columbus. Guajataca River has a length of approximately 25.5 miles (41 kilometers) with its origin in the Buenos Aires barrio of the municipality of Lares, Puerto Rico at an altitude of approximately 1,600 feet (488 meters) above sea level. It crosses the municipalities of Lares, San Sebastián, Quebradillas, and Isabela forming Guajataca Lake on its path. The river also gives name to one of the principal lodgings in the area, Parador Guajataca. Guajataca, sometimes spelled Guajataka, is also the name of an area in the municipality of San Sebastián. The river also carries the name and the subsequent reservoir, Lago Guajataca, built by the United States Army Corps of Engineers with a dam owned by the Puerto Rico Electrical Authority. Many schools, businesses, and organizations, including a parador, Guajataka Scout Reservation, and kayak excursion company are named for the area as well. Gallery See also List of rivers of Puerto Rico References External links USGS Hydrologic Unit Map – Caribbean Region (1974) Lagos y plantas hidroeléctricas de Puerto Rico - Puerto Rico Lakes and Hidro-Electric Plants Guajataca Photos Rivers of Puerto Rico Isabela, Puerto Rico
es	other	N/A	El Peruano - Decreto Supremo que modifica los Artículos 42 y 43 del Reglamento del Decreto Legislativo N° 1136, Decreto Legislativo del Comando Conjunto de las Fuerzas Armadas, aprobado por Decreto Supremo N° 007-2016-DE - DECRETO SUPREMO - N° 013-2017-DE - PODER EJECUTIVO - DEFENSA Decreto Supremo que modifica los Artículos 42 y 43 del Reglamento del Decreto Legislativo N° 1136, Decreto Legislativo del Comando Conjunto de las Fuerzas Armadas, aprobado por Decreto Supremo N° 007-2016-DE No 013-2017-DE Que, el artículo 44 de la Constitución Política del Perú, establece que son deberes primordiales del Estado, entre otros, garantizar la plena vigencia de los derechos humanos, proteger a la población de las amenazas contra su seguridad y promover el bienestar general que se fundamenta en la justicia y en el pleno desarrollo integral y equilibrado de la Nación; asimismo, el artículo 163 de la citada Carta Magna, determina que el Estado garantiza la seguridad de la Nación mediante el Sistema de Defensa Nacional, indicando que la Defensa Nacional es integral y permanente, la cual se desarrolla en los ámbitos interno y externo; Que, el inciso 4) del artículo 118 de la Constitución Política establece que corresponde al Presidente de la República velar por el orden interno y la seguridad exterior de la República; precisando en el inciso 14) del citado artículo que el Presidente de la República preside el Sistema de Defensa Nacional, y organiza, distribuye y dispone el empleo de las Fuerzas Armadas; Que, el artículo 4 del Decreto Legislativo N° 1129, que regula el Sistema de Defensa Nacional, establece que este es presidido por el Presidente de la República, siendo uno de sus componentes el Consejo de Seguridad y Defensa Nacional; estableciéndose en el artículo 5 que el Consejo de Seguridad y Defensa Nacional es el Ente Rector del Sistema de Defensa Nacional, constituyéndose en el órgano del más alto nivel de decisión política y de coordinación estratégica en materia de Seguridad y Defensa Nacional, concordante con el artículo 8 que prevé entre sus funciones los aspectos relacionados con la Seguridad y Defensa Nacional; Que, el literal c) del artículo 11 del Reglamento del Decreto Legislativo 1129, aprobado con Decreto Supremo N° 037-2013-PCM, establece que es función del Presidente del Consejo de Segundad y Defensa Nacional, la conducción del proceso de toma de decisiones del referido Consejo; Que, el artículo 14 del Decreto Legislativo N° 1134, Decreto Legislativo que aprueba la Ley de Organización y Funciones del Ministerio de Defensa, dispone que el Comando Conjunto de las Fuerzas Armadas es el responsable de realizar el planeamiento, preparación, coordinación y conducción de las operaciones y acciones militares de las Fuerzas Armadas, enmarcadas en el respeto al Derecho Internacional Humanitario y Derechos Humanos; concordante con el artículo 25 de su Reglamento, aprobado por Decreto Supremo N° 006-2016-DE;. Que, el artículo 3 del Decreto Legislativo N° 1136, Decreto Legislativo del Comando Conjunto de las Fuerzas Armadas, establece que el Comando Conjunto de las Fuerzas Armadas efectúa el planeamiento, preparación, coordinación y conducción de las operaciones y acciones militares conjuntas de las Fuerzas Armadas, en función de los objetivos de la Política de Seguridad y Defensa Nacional, a fin de garantizar la independencia, la soberanía y la integridad territorial de la República; asimismo, el numeral 5.6 del artículo 5 del citado dispositivo considera dentro de la estructura orgánica básica del Comando Conjunto de las Fuerzas Armadas, como órganos de línea, a los Comandos Operacionales y Especiales; Que, el artículo 3 del Decreto Legislativo N° 1095, Decreto Legislativo que establece las Reglas de Empleo y Uso de la fuerza por parte de las Fuerzas Armadas en el territorio nacional, establece en su literal k), que se entiende por “operaciones militares” a aquellas actividades que realizan las Fuerzas Armadas para enfrentar la capacidad armada de grupos hostiles en el marco del Derecho Internacional Humanitario; asimismo, el literal a) del citado artículo precisa que se entiende por “acciones militares” a aquellas acciones que realizan las Fuerzas Armadas, diferentes a las operaciones militares, las mismas que son aquellas enfocadas al mantenimiento o restablecimiento del orden interno; Que, mediante Informe Técnico N° 001-17 EMCFFAA/D5/DPLAM de fecha 21 de marzo de 2017, del Jefe de la División de Planeamiento Estratégico y Políticas de Defensa del Estado Mayor Conjunto de las Fuerzas Armadas se concluye y recomienda la modificación de los artículos 42 y 43 del Reglamento del Comando Conjunto de las Fuerzas Armadas, a fin de precisar los procedimientos que regulen la creación, activación, desactivación y nombramiento de Comandantes de los Comandos Operacionales y Especiales como órganos del Comando Conjunto de las Fuerzas Armadas; Que, en consecuencia, resulta necesario precisar de manera específica el procedimiento de creación, activación y desactivación de los Comandos Operacionaies y Comandos Especiales a que se refieren los artículos 42 y 43 del Reglamento del Comando Conjunto de las Fuerzas Armadas, aprobado mediante Decreto Supremo N° 007-2016-DE así como la designación de los Comandantes a su cargo; De conformidad con el inciso 8) del artículo 118 de la Constitución Política del Perú; la Ley N° 29158, Ley Orgánica del Poder Ejecutivo; Decreto Legislativo N° 1129, que regula el Sistema de Defensa Nacional, y su Reglamento aprobado mediante Decreto Supremo N° 037-2013-PCM; el Decreto Legislativo N° 1134, que aprueba la Ley de Organización y Funciones del Ministerio de Defensa y su Reglamento, aprobado por Decreto Supremo N° 006 - 2016-DE; Decreto Legislativo N° 1136, Decreto Legislativo del Comando Conjunto de las Fuerzas Armadas, y su Reglamento aprobado mediante Decreto Supremo N° 007-2016-DE; y, el Decreto Legislativo N° 1095, Decreto Legislativo que establece las Reglas de Empleo y Uso de la fuerza por parte de las Fuerzas Armadas en el territorio nacional; Artículo 1.- Modificación de artículos del Reglamento del Comando Conjunto de las Fuerzas Armadas. Modíficase los artículos 42 y 43 del Reglamento del Comando Conjunto de las Fuerzas Armadas, aprobado mediante Decreto Supremo N° 007-2016-DE, los cuales quedan redactados conforme a los textos siguientes: “Artículo 42.- Comandos Operacionales Los Comandos Operacionales, tienen carácter permanente y son los encargados del planeamiento, conducción, ejecución y supervisión de las operaciones y acciones militares bajo responsabilidad del Comando Conjunto de las Fuerzas Armadas. Cuentan con una misión, estructura, ámbito geográfico y composición conjunta. Tienen como función permanente el planeamiento para la conducción de operaciones y acciones militares en el ámbito de su responsabilidad y en función de su misión y tareas; y las de ejecución y conducción de operaciones y acciones militares cuando éstas sean debidamente dispuestas. Los ámbitos de responsabilidad de los Comandos Operacionales se distribuyen en el territorio nacional, incluyendo el dominio marítimo y el espacio aéreo. Los Comandos Operacionales reciben de las Instituciones Armadas los medios necesarios en el nivel de alistamiento requerido para la conformación y sostenimiento de sus componentes en operaciones y acciones militares. Los Comandos Operacionales dependen del Jefe del Comando Conjunto de las Fuerzas Armadas y mantienen relaciones de coordinación con los órganos y unidades orgánicas del Comando Conjunto de las Fuerzas Armadas, así como con las Instituciones Armadas. Su creación, misión, ámbito de responsabilidad, estructura organizacional y dimensión de fuerzas son establecidas mediante Directiva propuesta por el Jefe del Comando Conjunto de las Fuerzas Armadas y aprobada por el Ministro de Defensa mediante Resolución Ministerial. El empleo de las Fuerzas Armadas es autorizado por el Presidente de la República mediante Resolución Suprema, refrendada por el Ministro de Defensa, a propuesta del Comando Conjunto de las Fuerzas Armadas, y conforme a los acuerdos que para tal efecto se tomen en el Consejo de Seguridad y Defensa Nacional. En dicho dispositivo se especificará -a su vez- el propósito de empleo de las Fuerzas Armadas y aquellos aspectos que se requieran precisar para tal empleo, incluyendo las condiciones en las que la orden de ejecución de operaciones habrá finalizado. La designación de los Comandantes de los Comandos Operacionales se efectúa mediante Resolución Suprema refrendada por el Ministro de Defensa, a propuesta del Jefe del Comando Conjunto de las Fuerzas Armadas. Los criterios para la designación de los Comandantes de los Comandos Operacionaíes serán establecidos en la Directiva que norma la organización operacional. “Artículo 43.- Comandos Especiales Los Comandos Especiales, tienen carácter temporal y misión específica, debiendo planear, conducir, ejecutar y supervisar operaciones y acciones militares en el ámbito de su responsabilidad. Se distinguen de los Comandos Operacionales básicamente en su constitución, su forma de empleo y en la delimitación o asignación de los ámbitos de responsabilidad; sus funciones son particularmente operativas y están relacionadas a la ejecución de operaciones y acciones militares, así como, operaciones multinacionales de diferente tipo y magnitud. Los Comandos Especiales, reciben de las Instituciones Armadas, los medios necesarios en el nivel de alistamiento requerido para la conformación y sostenimiento de su estructura operacional. Los Comandos Especiales, dependen del Jefe del Comando Conjunto de las Fuerzas Armadas y mantienen relaciones de coordinación con los órganos y unidades orgánicas del Comando Conjunto de las Fuerzas Armadas, así como, con las Instituciones Armadas. Por su carácter temporal y necesidad de atender situaciones que afectan la Seguridad de la Nación, su creación, activación, desactivación, propósito del empleo de las Fuerzas Armadas, así como aquellos aspectos que se requieran precisar para tal empleo, incluyendo las condiciones en las que la orden de ejecución de operaciones habrá finalizado; serán autorizados mediante Resolución Suprema refrendada por el Ministro de Defensa a propuesta del Comando Conjunto de las Fuerzas Armadas, conforme a los acuerdos tomados por el Consejo de Seguridad y Defensa Nacional y a la legislación vigente. Su misión, ámbito de responsabilidad, estructura organizacional, dimensión de fuerzas y otras consideraciones de aspectos estratégicos militares, serán establecidas mediante la Directiva que para tal efecto emita el Jefe del Comando Conjunto de las Fuerzas Armadas; la misma que observará los propósitos y lineamientos establecidos en la Resolución Suprema mencionada en el párrafo precedente. La designación de los señores Oficiales Generales y Almirantes como Comandantes de los Comandos Especiales se efectúa a propuesta del Jefe del Comando Conjunto de las Fuerzas Armadas, mediante Resolución Suprema refrendada por el Ministro de Defensa. Los criterios de designación de los Comandantes de los Comandos Especiales serán establecidos en la Directiva que norma la organización operacional propuesta por el Jefe del Comando Conjunto de las Fuerzas Armadas y aprobada por el Ministro de Defensa.” Dado en la Casa de Gobierno, en Lima a los veinte días del mes de diciembre del año dos mil diecisiete. 1600032-2
it	other	N/A	2C_1009/2013 (01.11.2013) 2C_1009/2013, 2C_1012/2013 Sentenza del 1° novembre 2013 2C_1009/2013 Imposta cantonale 2011, 2C_1012/2013 Imposta federale diretta 2011, ricorso contro la sentenza emessa il 30 settembre 2013 dal Presidente della Camera di diritto tributario del Tribunale d'appello del Cantone Ticino. A. Il 30 settembre 2013 il Presidente della Camera di diritto tributario del Tribunale d'appello del Cantone Ticino ha dichiarato inammissibile il gravame presentato da A.________ contro la decisione su reclamo emessa il 20 marzo 2013 dall'Ufficio di tassazione di Bellinzona che confermava l'aggiunta, a quanto dichiarato dal contribuente, di un reddito da attività indipendente pari a fr. 46'155.-- e consistente in una provvigione concordata contrattualmente per una vendita immobiliare. Entro il termine impartito l'interessato non ha infatti provveduto a versare l'anticipo chiestogli a titolo di garanzia delle spese processuali presunte. B. Il 29 ottobre 2013 A.________ ha esperito dinanzi al Tribunale federale un ricorso, con cui chiede che sia il mandante a saldare quanto dovuto all'erario. 1.2. Il ricorso, trattato quale ricorso in materia di diritto pubblico (sentenza 2C_965/2013 del 24 ottobre 2013, consid. 2 e rinvii), è stato registrato sotto i riferimenti 2C_1009/2013 e 2C_1012/2013 per distinguere le imposte cantonali e l'imposta federale diretta. Siccome lo stato di fatto e i quesiti giuridici sono identici, si giustifica tuttavia di congiungere gli incarti e di emanare un unico giudizio (sentenze 2C_415/2012 del 2 novembre 2012 consid. 1.1). 1.3. Conformemente all'art. 42 LTF il ricorso deve contenere le conclusioni, i motivi e l'indicazione dei mezzi di prova (cpv. 1) e dev'essere motivato in modo sufficiente, spiegando nei motivi perché l'atto impugnato viola il diritto (cpv. 2; DTF 134 II 244 consid. 2.1 pag. 245; 133 II 249 consid. 1.4.1 pag. 254). Nell'allegato ricorsuale occorre quindi indicare in maniera concisa perché l'atto impugnato viola il diritto applicabile; la motivazione deve essere riferita all'oggetto del litigio, in modo che si capisca perché e su quali punti la decisione contestata è impugnata (DTF 134 II 244 consid. 2.1 pag. 245). Ciò significa che la parte ricorrente non può limitarsi a riproporre genericamente argomenti giuridici già esposti dinanzi alle autorità cantonali, bensì deve confrontarsi criticamente con i considerandi della decisione dell'autorità inferiore che reputa lesivi del diritto (cfr. DTF 133 IV 119 consid. 6.3 pag. 120 seg.). 2. Oggetto di disamina dinanzi al Tribunale federale può essere unicamente la decisione d'inammissibilità pronunciata dalla Camera di diritto tributario per il non pagamento dell'anticipo spese nel termine fissato a tal fine, ossia in concreto l'eventuale applicazione arbitraria del diritto cantonale di procedura (cfr. su tale aspetto DTF 134 III 379 consid. 1.2 pag. 382 seg). Ciò implica che il ricorrente formuli delle specifiche censure, conformemente alle esigenze di motivazione accresciute poste dall'art. 106 cpv. 2 LTF. Sennonché nell'impugnativa il ricorrente si limita ad esporre la propria opinione, senza spiegare in modo chiaro e circostanziato (DTF 134 II 244 consid. 2.2 pag. 246) in che, concretamente, la Corte cantonale avrebbe disatteso il diritto processuale determinante. Il ricorso sfugge pertanto ad un esame di merito e va dichiarato inammissibile secondo la procedura semplificata dell'art. 108 cpv. 1 lett. b LTF. 3. Viste le particolari circostanze del caso, si rinuncia a prelevare spese giudiziarie (art. 66 cpv. 1 seconda frase LTF). Non si assegnano ripetibili ad autorità vincenti (art. 68 cpv. 3 LTF). 1. Le cause 2C_1009/2013 e 2C_1012/2013 sono congiunte. 4. Comunicazione al ricorrente, alla Divisione delle contribuzioni e alla Camera di diritto tributario del Tribunale d'appello del Cantone Ticino, nonché all'Amministrazione federale delle contribuzioni (Divisione principale imposta federale diretta, imposta preventiva, tasse di bollo).
de	caselaw	Germany	Tenor Die Berufung des Beklagten gegen das am 23.10.2014 verkündete Urteil der 15. Zivilkammer des Landgerichts Münster wird zurückgewiesen. Der Beklagte trägt die Kosten der Berufung. Das Urteil ist vorläufig vollstreckbar. 1I. 2Die Klägerin nimmt den Beklagten aus einer zum 31.12.2012 beendeten privaten Krankheitskostenvollversicherung auf Zahlung rückständiger Prämien für den Zeitraum Mai 2010 bis einschließlich November 2012 zuzüglich Säumniszuschlägen in Anspruch, welche der Beklagte mit Blick auf das am 13.04.2010 über sein Vermögen eröffnete Insolvenzverfahren sowie wegen der von ihm im Jahr 2010 – nach Eintritt in die gesetzliche Krankenversicherung - erklärten Kündigung der Krankenversicherung verweigert. Wegen des Sach- und Streitstandes in erster Instanz wird auf den Tatbestand des angefochtenen Urteils verwiesen. 3Das Landgericht hat der Klage im Wesentlichen stattgegeben. Die Prämienzahlungspflicht unterfalle nicht dem Insolvenzbeschlag und treffe damit den Beklagten persönlich. Eine - nachträgliche - Berechnung der Prämien nach dem sog. Notlagentarif komme nicht in Betracht, weil § 12 h VAG nur für Versicherungsverhältnisse greife, die zum 01.08.2013 ruhend gestellt und noch nicht beendet waren. Der Anspruch scheitere auch nicht an der Verletzung von Hinweispflichten seitens der Klägerin, weil diese den Beklagten mit Schreiben vom 07.01.2011 hinreichend auf die Nachweispflicht zur Folgeversicherung hingewiesen habe. 4Mit seiner Berufung hält der Beklagte daran fest, dass er aufgrund des schwebenden Insolvenzverfahrens im Hinblick auf die rückständigen Versicherungsprämien nicht passivlegitimiert sei. § 850 b Abs. 1 Ziffer 4 ZPO werde vom Verweis in § 36 Abs. 1 Satz 2 InsO nicht erfasst und treffe nur Bezüge aus gesetzlichen Krankenkassen, nicht aber Beiträge zu einer privaten Krankenversicherung. § 36 Abs. 1 Satz 2 InsO diene dem Schutz des Insolvenzschuldners zur Erlangung von bestimmten Leistungen, die ansonsten vom Staat erbracht werden müssten, nicht aber umgekehrt dem Interesse des Versicherers an der Zahlung von Versicherungsprämien. Ebenso diene § 850 b Abs. 1 Ziffer 4 ZPO dem Interesse des Insolvenzschuldners an der Aufrechterhaltung seines Kranken- und Pflegeversicherungsschutzes, nicht aber dem Schutz der Prämienansprüche eines privaten Versicherers. Beide Vorschriften hätten nicht den Zweck, den privaten Versicherer an den anderen Gläubigern des Insolvenzschuldners vorbeiziehen zu lassen, um sich außerhalb der Masse befriedigen zu können. 5Im Übrigen sei die Klägerin dem Beklagten wegen Verletzung ihrer Aufklärungs- und Beratungspflichten zum Ersatz des Schadens verpflichtet, der ihm dadurch entstanden sei, dass er den Nachweis der Anschlussversicherung nicht binnen zwei Monaten erbrachte. Sie hätte den Beklagten gem. § 6 Abs. 1 VVG darauf hinweisen müssen, dass seine Kündigung ansonsten nicht wirksam wurde. Deshalb habe sie den Kläger so zu stellen, als hätte er den Nachweis rechtzeitig erbracht und könne keine rückständigen Prämien von ihm verlangen. 6Der Beklagte beantragt, 7unter Abänderung des am 23.10.2014 verkündeten Urteils des Landgerichts Münster die Klage abzuweisen. 8Die Klägerin beantragt, 9die Berufung zurückzuweisen. 10Sie verteidigt das angefochtene Urteil. § 103 InsO stehe der Durchsetzung der Prämienforderung nicht entgegen, weil die Prämienzahlungspflicht dem Insolvenzbeschlag nicht unterfalle. Aufklärungs- und Beratungspflichten habe sie nicht verletzt. Erst im Dezember 2012 habe sie mit Sicherheit von der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung des Klägers erfahren, bis zu diesem Zeitpunkt sei sie verpflichtet gewesen, den Krankenversicherungsvertrag aufrecht zu erhalten. Sie habe den Kläger mit Schreiben vom 07.01.2011 auch hinreichend darüber aufgeklärt, dass seine Kündigung noch nicht wirksam war. 11II. 12Die zulässige Berufung des Beklagten ist nicht begründet. Das Landgericht hat ihn zu Recht zur Zahlung der rückständigen Prämien nebst Säumniszuschlägen verurteilt. 131. 14Die Prämienhöhe ergibt sich aus den von der Klägerin zur Akte gereichten Versicherungsscheinen. Danach beliefen sich die Prämien für den – mit Wirkung zum 23.03.2009 gem. § 193 Abs. 6 VVG aF wegen Prämienrückstands ruhend gestellten, Bl. 168 - Krankenversicherungsvertrag (ohne Beitrag zur Pflegeversicherung) ab dem 01.05.2010 auf 327,19 Euro (Bl. 47), ab dem 01.05.2011 auf 439,91 Euro (Bl. 48) und ab dem 01.05.2012 auf 537,34 Euro (Bl. 49). 15Entgegen der vom Beklagten erstinstanzlich vertretenen Ansicht sind die Prämien nicht gem. Art. 7 Satz 2 EGVVG iVm § 193 Abs. 7 VVG rückwirkend nach dem Notlagentarif zu berechnen. Eine Rückwirkung des Notlagentarifs auf Verträge, die bei Inkrafttreten des § 193 Abs. 7 VVG bereits beendet waren, kommt nicht in Betracht. Zwar setzt Art. 7 Satz 2 EGVVG nach seinem Wortlaut lediglich voraus, dass die Leistungen aus dem Versicherungsvertrag ruhend gestellt waren und die monatliche Prämie des Notlagentarifs niedriger ist als die in diesem Zeitpunkt geschuldete Prämie; dies lässt beide Auslegungen zu. Auch entspräche es Zielrichtung einer Entlastung finanziell schwacher Beitragsschuldner, die Rückwirkungsfiktion auch auf Altverträge anzuwenden, die zum Zeitpunkt des Inkrafttretens von § 193 Abs. 4 VVG nicht mehr ruhend gestellt waren (so KG, Urteil vom 07.11.2014 – Az- 6 U 194/11 – Rn. 30 ff, juris, zu einem am 01.08.2013 fortbestehenden, aber nicht mehr ruhend gestellten Vertrag). 16Jedoch ergibt sich aus der Gesetzesbegründung zur Neufassung von Art. 7 EGVVG und den dort angesprochenen Gesamtumständen, dass der Gesetzgeber nur die Beitragsschuldner im Blick hatte, deren Verträge bei Inkrafttreten der Regelung noch fortbestanden / (LG Dortmund, Urteil vom 19.12.2013 – Az. 2 O 315/13 – Rn. 12, juris; LG Berlin, Urteil vom 15.01.2015 - 23 S 2/14, r + s 2015, 202). Für beendete Verträge besteht für die Versichertengemeinschaft nicht die in der Gesetzesbegründung benannte Gefahr, für die Krankenversicherung der säumigen Versicherungsnehmer aufkommen zu müssen, die wegen ihrer hohen Beitragsschulden nicht zahlungsfähig sind. 17Auch verringert die rückwirkende Geltung des Notlagentarifs nur für fortbestehende Verträge den Wertberichtigungsbedarf der Versicherungsunternehmen, weil die Beitragsforderungen und damit die Abschreibungen nur für die (weiterhin) ruhend gestellten Verträge ständig ansteigen, nicht aber für beendete Verträge, aus denen noch Forderungen offen sind. Ebenso trägt die kostendeckende Kalkulation des Notlagentarifs nur für laufende Verträge zur Entlastung der Versichertengemeinschaft bei, nicht aber für beendete Verträge, aus denen keine Leistungen mehr geltend gemacht werden. Auch die Entlastung der Versicherungsunternehmen durch den Verzicht auf Altersrückstellungen im Notlagentarif bzw. das Widerspruchsrecht des Versicherungsnehmers werden nur bei fortbestehenden Verträgen relevant (vgl. dazu BT-Drs. 17/13947 S.31, BT-Drucksache 17/13079, S. 10). 18Zutreffend hat das Landgericht Dortmund auch darauf hingewiesen, dass die Bundesregierung das Problem der Ungleichbehandlung von Alt- und Neuschuldnern gesehen, insoweit aber nur eine weitere Prüfung angekündigt hat (BT-Drucksache 17/13402, S. 11). Auch der Verweis auf die „Fortsetzung der Versicherung“ im ursprünglichen Tarif, die dem Versicherungsnehmer dann möglich ist, wenn er keine „weiteren Beitragsrückstände“ aufbaut, deutet darauf hin, dass der Gesetzgeber nicht die Beitragsschuldner im Blick hatte, deren Verträge nicht fortbestehen und lediglich in der Vergangenheit ruhend gestellt waren (BT-Drucksache 17/13402, S. 11). 192. 20Der Beklagte ist im Hinblick auf die rückständigen Prämien auch passivlegitimiert. Nicht die Insolvenzmasse, sondern er persönlich hat für die Beitragsschulden aus der Zeit nach Eröffnung des Insolvenzverfahrens einzustehen. 21Die Insolvenzmasse haftet nur für Forderungen der Insolvenzgläubiger und für Masseverbindlichkeiten. 22Die Klägerin ist nicht Insolvenzgläubigerin iSd § 87 InsO. Insolvenzgläubiger ist gem. § 38 InsO, wer einen zur Zeit der Eröffnung des Insolvenzverfahrens begründeten Vermögensanspruch gegen den Schuldner hat. Die hier streitgegenständlichen Prämien sind erst nach Eröffnung des Insolvenzverfahrens fällig geworden und waren noch nicht in diesem Sinne begründet. Begründet ist ein Anspruch zwar nicht erst mit seiner Fälligkeit, sondern dann, wenn der Rechtsgrund der Entstehung der Forderung im Augenblick vor Verfahrenseröffnung bereits gelegt war. Dies setzt aber voraus, dass der anspruchsbegründende Tatbestand vor der Verfahrenseröffnung materiell-rechtlich abgeschlossen war (vgl. MünchKomm/Ehricke, InsO 3. Aufl. 2013, § 38, Rn. 16). Bei wiederkehrenden Ansprüchen aus Dauerschuldverhältnissen ist dies etwa dann zu bejahen, wenn die Ansprüche aus einem einheitlichen Stammrecht folgen. Wenn aber der Grund der Forderung als Gegenleistung für künftige Leistungen des anderen Teils stets von neuem zur Entstehung gelangt, so sind nur die Ansprüche begründet, deren Gegenleistung vor Verfahrenseröffnung schon erbracht ist (MünchKomm aaO, Rn. 19). Rückständige Versicherungsprämien sind deshalb nur dann Insolvenzforderungen, wenn sie als Entgelt für die Gefahrtragung vor Insolvenzeröffnung geschuldet waren (MünchKomm/Ehricke aaO, Rn. 105). Hier aber geht es um die Prämien, die als Gegenleistung für die Gefahrtragung nach Insolvenzeröffnung geschuldet waren. Diese stellen keine Insolvenzforderungen dar (ebenso OLG Frankfurt, Urteil vom 24.04.2013 – 7 U 142/13 – Rn. 22, juris). 23Ebenso wenig sind die Prämienforderungen als Masseverbindlichkeiten anzusehen. Masseverbindlichkeiten liegen nach § 55 Abs. 1 Nr. 2 InsO vor, wenn der Verwalter die Erfüllung zur Insolvenzmasse verlangt hat oder wenn es sich um eine sog. oktroyierte Masseschuld handelt, also um einen Vertrag, dessen Erfüllung für die Zeit nach der Insolvenzeröffnung erfolgen muss (OLG Frankfurt, Urteil vom 24. April 2013 – 7 U 142/12 –, Rn. 23, juris). 24Dass der Insolvenzverwalter hier Erfüllung zur Masse verlangt hätte, ist weder vom Beklagten vorgetragen noch anderweitig ersichtlich. Deshalb kommt es hier auch nicht auf die vom Beklagten angesprochene Frage an, ob das Versicherungsverhältnis als sog. insolvenzfreies Schuldverhältnis einzuordnen ist, für welches § 103 InsO keine Geltung hat (so OLG Frankfurt aaO, Rn. 26 ff; ebenso BGH, Urteil vom 19.02.2014 – IV ZR 163/13 – Rn. 14 ff, juris, weil der Insolvenzverwalter die Forderungen des Versicherungsnehmers wegen § 850 b nicht zur Masse ziehen kann). Ebenso wenig kommt es darauf an, dass der Beklagte ab Oktober 2010 über die gesetzliche Krankenversicherung abgesichert war (BGH aaO, Rn. 21). 25Die Verbindlichkeiten aus dem Krankenversicherungsvertrag gehören auch nicht zu den oktroyierten Verbindlichkeiten. Dazu gehören nur Ansprüche aus den in § 108 InsO genannten Dauerschuldverhältnissen, nicht aber aus einem Krankenversicherungsvertrag (vgl. OLG Frankfurt, aaO, Rn. 29). 26Nach alledem kann der Beklagte persönlich auf Zahlung der ausstehenden Prämien in Anspruch genommen werden. 273. 28Die Prämienzahlungspflicht des Beklagten ist auch nicht infolge der am 30.12.2010 erklärten Kündigung erloschen, weil die Kündigung mangels rechtzeitigen Nachweises einer Anschlussversicherung gem. § 205 Abs. 6 Satz 2 VVG erst zum 31.12.2012 wirksam geworden ist. 29Der Klägerin ist es nicht nach Treu und Glauben versagt, sich auf den fehlenden Nachweis der Anschlussversicherung zu berufen. Sie hat den Beklagten hinreichend über die Nachweispflicht und die Folgen des fehlenden Nachweises nach § 205 Abs. 6 Satz 2 VVG belehrt. 30Unstreitig hat der Beklagte nach Ausspruch seiner Kündigung das Schreiben der Klägerin vom 07.01.2011 erhalten, in dem sie ihn auf die Notwendigkeit eines „Nachweises der gesetzlichen Krankenkasse über den Beginn der Mitgliedschaft“ und die Gefahr einer ansonsten bestehenden Doppelversicherung mit „doppelter Beitragszahlung“ hingewiesen hat. Dies genügt für die auf der Treuepflicht des Versicherers begründeten Verpflichtung zur Belehrung des Versicherungsnehmers (vgl. BGH, Urteil vom 14.01.2015 – IV ZR 43/14 – Rn. 11, juris). Das Schreiben vom 07.01.2011 ist klar und verständlich formuliert und führt dem betroffenen Versicherungsnehmer so unmissverständlich vor Augen, was er zu tun hat, um einen beitragspflichtigen Fortbestand des gekündigten Vertrages zu verhindern. 31Zu einer wiederholten und so im Sinne des Beklagten „mit Nachdruck“ ausgesprochenen Belehrung ist der Versicherer nicht verpflichtet. Eine Belehrung muss im Regelfall genügen, um dem Versicherungsnehmer seine Verpflichtung und die Folgen eines nicht beigebrachten Nachweises zu erklären. Der Versicherungsnehmer ist als Vertragspartner ein mündiges Gegenüber, von dem der Versicherer erwarten darf, dass er seine Vertragsangelegenheiten eigenverantwortlich regelt. Sobald ein etwaig bestehendes Informationsdefizit auf Seiten des Versicherungsnehmers behoben ist, trifft den Versicherer auch dann keine Pflicht zur wiederholten Belehrung mehr, wenn der Versicherungsnehmer gar nicht auf den Hinweis reagiert und den Vertrag einfach fortlaufen lässt. Dem Versicherer, der seiner Hinweispflicht Genüge getan hat und der keine sichere Kenntnis von einer anderen Versicherung hat, ist dann weder ein Verstoß gegen Rechtspflichten vorzuwerfen noch hat er für den Versicherungsnehmer mit der Entgegennahme der Kündigung einen Vertrauenstatbestand im Hinblick auf die Vertragsbeendigung entstehen lassen, weil er gerade darauf hingewiesen hat, dass die Kündigung nur unter einer bestimmten Bedingung wirksam wird und als solche nicht genügt, um den Vertrag zu beenden. Dies gilt auch ohne Mahnung der Prämienzahlungen. Bloßes Untätigbleiben (des Versicherers) rechtfertigt ohne weitere Umstände nicht den Einwand der Treuwidrigkeit – vielmehr ist es der Versicherungsnehmer, dem seine Untätigkeit zum Nachteil gereicht. Erst dann, wenn aufgrund eines langen Zeitablaufs der Einwand der Verwirkung gerechtfertigt wäre, kann die Untätigkeit des Versicherers zum Rechtsverlust führen. Hier aber geht es um einen Zeitraum von knapp zwei Jahren, in dem eine Verwirkung noch nicht in Betracht kommt. 32Ob der Beklagte zudem durch die Zusendung von Nachträgen zum Versicherungsschein auf die weitere Zahlungspflich hingewiesen wurde, kann dahinstehen. 334. 34Die Verpflichtung zur Zahlung von Säumniszuschlägen für die streitgegenständliche Zeit ergibt sich aus § 8 Ziffer I Abs. 6 Satz 4 AVB/KK. 35III. 36Die Kostenentscheidung beruht auf § 97 Abs. 1 ZPO, die Entscheidung über die vorläufige Vollstreckbarkeit auf §§ 708 Nr. 10, 709, 711, 713 ZPO.
en	contracts	US	FIRST AMENDMENT TO SECURITY AGREEMENT This FIRST AMENDMENT TO SECURITY AGREEMENT (this “Amendment”), dated as of January 9, 2018, is 3Q Digital, Inc., a Delaware corporation, Harte-Hanks Direct, Inc., a New York corporation, Harte-Hanks Data Services LLC, a Maryland limited liability company, Harte-Hanks Direct Marketing/Baltimore, Inc., a Maryland corporation, Harte-Hanks Direct Marketing/Dallas, Inc., a Delaware corporation, Harte-Hanks Direct Marketing/Jacksonville, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, Harte-Hanks Direct Marketing/Kansas City, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, Harte-Hanks Logistics, LLC, a Florida limited liability company, Harte-Hanks Response Management/Austin, Inc., a Delaware corporation, Harte-Hanks Response Management/Boston, Inc., a Massachusetts corporation, Harte-Hanks Strategic Marketing, Inc., a Delaware corporation, NSO, Inc., an Ohio corporation, Sales Support Services, Inc., a New Jersey corporation (collectively, “New Grantors”), Harte Hanks, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Parent”, or “Borrower”, and together with New Grantors, collectively, “Grantors”), and TEXAS CAPITAL BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, a national banking association (“Secured Party”). RECITALS: WHEREAS, Borrower and Secured Party have entered into that certain Credit Agreement dated as of April 17, 2017, as amended by First Amendment to Credit Agreement dated as of January 9, 2018 (the “Credit Agreement”). WHEREAS, pursuant to the Loan Agreement Borrower executed that certain Security Agreement, dated as of April 17, 2017 and New Grantors joined the Security Agreement pursuant to that certain Joinder to Security Agreement dated as of September 21, 2017 among New Grantors, Borrower and Secured Party (as modified by the Joinder, the “Security Agreement”). WHEREAS, the execution of this Amendment is a condition to Secured Party entering into the First Amendment to Credit Agreement referred to above. NOW, THEREFORE, for good and valuable consideration the receipt and sufficiency of which are acknowledged and agreed, Grantors and Secured Party hereby agree as follows: ARTICLE I. Amendments 1.1 Amendment to Exhibit “A”. Effective as of the date hereof, Exhibit “A” (Perfection Certificate) to the Security Agreement is deleted from the Security Agreement and Annex “A” attached hereto is substituted therefor. ARTICLE II. Additional Provisions 2.1 Acknowledgment by Grantors. Except as otherwise specified herein, the terms and provisions hereof shall in no manner impair, limit, restrict or otherwise affect the obligations of Grantors or any third party to Secured Party under any Loan Document (as defined in the Credit Agreement). 2.2 Additional Documentation. From time to time, Grantors shall execute or procure and deliver to Secured Party such other and further documents and instruments evidencing, securing or pertaining to the Security Agreement or the other Loan Documents as shall be reasonably requested by Secured Party so as to evidence or effect the terms and provisions hereof. 2.3 Continued Effectiveness. Except as expressly modified by the terms and provisions hereof, each of the terms and provisions of the Security Agreement and the other Loan Documents are hereby ratified and confirmed, and shall remain in full force and effect. he liens and security interests created by the Security Agreement remain in full force and effect. 2.4 GOVERNING LAW. THE TERMS AND PROVISIONS HEREOF SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF TEXAS. 2.5 Binding Agreement. This Amendment shall be binding upon the heirs, executors, administrators, personal representatives, successors and assigns of the parties hereto. 2.6 Counterparts. This Amendment may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original and all of which together shall be construed as one and the same instrument. Delivery of an executed signature page of this Amendment and/or any other Loan Document by a scanned PDF attached to an e-mail or facsimile transmission shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart hereof. 2.7 NO ORAL AGREEMENTS. THIS AMENDMENT, THE LOAN AGREEMENT AND THE OTHER LOAN DOCUMENTS EMBODY THE FINAL, ENTIRE AGREEMENT AMONG THE PARTIES HERETO. THERE ARE NO ORAL AGREEMENTS AMONG THE PARTIES HERETO. [REMAINDER OF PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.] EXECUTED as of the date first above written. GRANTORS: 3Q DIGITAL, INC. By: /s/Robert L. R. Munden Name: Robert L. R. Munden Title: Senior Vice President & Secretary HARTE-HANKS DIRECT, INC. By: /s/Robert L. R. Munden Name: Robert L. R. Munden Title: Vice President & Secretary HARTE-HANKS DATA SERVICES LLC By: /s/Robert L. R. Munden Name: Robert L. R. Munden Title: Vice President & Secretary HARTE-HANKS DIRECT MARKETING/BALTIMORE, INC. By: /s/Robert L. R. Munden Name: Robert L. R. Munden Title: Vice President & Secretary HARTE-HANKS DIRECT MARKETING/DALLAS, INC. By: /s/Robert L. R. Munden Name: Robert L. R. Munden Title: Vice President & Secretary HARTE-HANKS DIRECT MARKETING/JACKSONVILLE, LLC By: /s/Robert L. R. Munden Name: Robert L. R. Munden Title: Vice President & Secretary HARTE-HANKS DIRECT MARKETING/KANSAS CITY, LLC By: /s/Robert L. R. Munden Name: Robert L. R. Munden Title: Vice President & Secretary HARTE-HANKS LOGISTICS, LLC By: /s/Robert L. R. Munden Name: Robert L. R. Munden Title: Vice President & Secretary HARTE-HANKS RESPONSE MANAGEMENT/AUSTIN, INC. By: /s/Robert L. R. Munden Name: Robert L. R. Munden Title: Vice President & Secretary HARTE-HANKS RESPONSE MANAGEMENT/BOSTON, INC. By: /s/Robert L. R. Munden Name: Robert L. R. Munden Title: Vice President & Secretary HARTE-HANKS STRATEGIC MARKETING, INC. By: /s/Robert L. R. Munden Name: Robert L. R. Munden Title: Vice President & Secretary NSO, INC. By: /s/Robert L. R. Munden Name: Robert L. R. Munden Title: Vice President & Secretary SALES SUPPORT SERVICES, INC. By: /s/Robert L. R. Munden Name: Robert L. R. Munden Title: Vice President & Secretary HARTE HANKS, INC. By: /s/Jon C. Biro Name: Jon C. Biro Title: Executive Vice President & CFO SECURED PARTY: TEXAS CAPITAL BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION By: /s/ Annalese Smolik Annalese Smolik Senior Vice President - 1 -
fr	legislation	EU	Avis juridique important \| 31975L0379 Directive 75/379/CEE du Conseil, du 24 juin 1975, modifiant les directives 64/432/CEE, 64/433/CEE, 71/118/CEE, 72/461/CEE et 72/462/CEE en ce qui concerne la durée de validité des procédures du comité vétérinaire permanent Journal officiel n° L 172 du 03/07/1975 p. 0017 - 0017 édition spéciale finnoise: chapitre 3 tome 6 p. 0090 édition spéciale grecque: chapitre 03 tome 13 p. 0032 édition spéciale suédoise: chapitre 3 tome 6 p. 0090 DIRECTIVE DU CONSEIL du 24 juin 1975 modifiant les directives 64/432/CEE, 64/433/CEE, 71/118/CEE, 72/461/CEE et 72/462/CEE en ce qui concerne la durée de validité des procédures du comité vétérinaire permanent (75/379/CEE) LE CONSEIL DES COMMUNAUTÉS EUROPÉENNES, vu le traité instituant la Communauté économique européenne, et notamment ses articles 43 et 100, vu la proposition de la Commission, vu l'avis de l'Assemblée (1), considérant que le comité vétérinaire permanent, institué par la décision 68/361/CEE (2), émet son avis selon des procédures dont la validité est limitée à une période de trente mois à compter de la date à laquelle ledit comité a été saisi pour la première fois d'une demande d'avis; considérant que le comité a été saisi pour la première fois le 22 décembre 1972 ; que le délai écoulé n'a pas été suffisant pour porter un jugement définitif, et qu'il convient dès lors de ne proroger que temporairement la validité desdites procédures, A ARRÊTÉ LA PRÉSENTE DIRECTIVE: Article premier Aux articles suivants, les termes «trente mois» sont remplacés par les termes «cent deux mois»: - article 14 de la directive 64/432/CEE du Conseil, du 26 juin 1964, relative à des problèmes de police sanitaire en matière d'échanges intracommunautaires d'animaux des espèces bovine et porcine (3), modifiée en dernier lieu par la directive 74/387/CEE (4), - article 9 ter de la directive 64/433/CEE du Conseil, du 26 juin 1964, relative à des problèmes sanitaires en matière d'échanges intracommunautaires de viandes fraîches (5), modifiée en dernier lieu par la directive 74/387/CEE, - article 13 de la directive 71/118/CEE du Conseil, du 15 février 1971, relative à des problèmes sanitaires en matière d'échanges de viandes fraîches de volaille (6), modifiée en dernier lieu par la directive 74/387/CEE, - article 10 de la directive 72/461/CEE du Conseil, du 12 décembre 1972, relative à des problèmes de police sanitaire en matière d'échanges intracommunautaires de viandes fraîches (7), modifiée en dernier lieu par la directive 74/387/CEE, - article 31 de la directive 72/462/CEE du Conseil, du 12 décembre 1972, concernant des problèmes sanitaires et de police sanitaire lors de l'importation d'animaux des espèces bovine et porcine et de viandes fraîches en provenance de pays tiers (8), modifiée en dernier lieu par la directive 74/387/CEE. Article 2 Les États membres sont destinataires de la présente directive. Fait à Luxembourg, le 24 juin 1975. Par le Conseil Le président M.A. CLINTON (1)JO no C 111 du 20.5.1975, p. 26. (2)JO no L 255 du 18.10.1968, p. 23. (3)JO no 121 du 29.7.1964, p. 1977/64. (4)JO no L 202 du 24.7.1974, p. 36. (5)JO no 121 du 29.7.1964, p. 2012/64. (6)JO no L 55 du 8.3.1971, p. 23. (7)JO no L 302 du 31.12.1972, p. 24. (8)JO no L 302 du 31.12.1972, p. 28.
de	other	N/A	Fotos eines Prominenten am Strand - LG Hamburg, Urteil vom 10.07.2009, Az.: 324 O 840/09 : aufrecht.de Fotos eines Prominenten am Strand - LG Hamburg, Urteil vom 10.07.2009, Az.: 324 O 840/09 Eva Herman gewinnt gegen Axel-Springer-Verlag wegen falscher Berichterstattung - OLG Köln, Urteil vom 28.07.2009, Az.: 15 U 37/09 Verstecktes Fotografieren eines Prominenten an einem abgeschiedenen Strand verletzt dessen allgemeines Persönlichkeitsrecht. Fotos eines Prominenten am Strand - LG Hamburg, Urteil vom 10.07.2009, Az.: 324 O 840/09 Aktenzeichen: 324 O 840/09 hat die ... Kammer des Landgerichts Hamburg auf die mündliche Verhandlung vom ... durch den vorsitzenden Richter am Landgericht ..., den Richter am Landgericht ... und ... für Recht erkannt: I. Die Beklagte wird verurteilt, an die Klägerin 15 000 € nebst Zinsen in Höhe von 5 Prozentpunkten über dem Basiszinssatz seit dem 15.10.2007 zu zahlen. III. Von den Kosten des Rechtsstreits haben die Klägerin 7/10 und die Beklagte 3/10 zu tragen. Die Klägerin ist Fernsehmoderatorin und Buchautorin. Nachdem sie 10 Jahre lang als Moderatorin der Nachrichtensendung „T.“ tätig gewesen war, leitete sie für weitere 10 Jahre bis Juni 2007 die nach ihr benannte Talkshow „S.C.“. Die Beklagte berichtete in der von ihr verlegten Zeitschriften „F.“ vom 3.1.2007 (Auflage: 521 270 Exemplare) unter der Überschrift „S.C. Hat sie endlich ihr Glück gefunden?“ über einen Urlaubsaufenthalt der Klägerin auf der Karibik-Insel St.B. (Anlage K 3). Darin enthalten waren 4 Fotos, die – in unterschiedlichen Konstellationen – die Klägerin, ihren damaligen Lebensgefährten und heutigen Ehemann, N.M., sowie dessen zwei Söhne in Freizeit- und Badebekleidung am Strand des sog. Shell Beach zeigten. Auf einem dieser Fotos war die Klägerin von hinten in gebückter Haltung beim Austausch eines Kusses mit dem auf einem Strandtuch liegenden N.M. zu sehen (Bildüberschrift: „S.C. beugt sich über ihren Freund N.M. und küsst ihn“). Die Fotos waren am 23.12.2006 gegen 16:00 oder 17:00 Uhr aufgenommen worden. Hinsichtlich dieser Fotos erwirkte die Klägerin nach erfolgloser Abmahnung gegen die Beklagte vor dem Landgericht Berlin eine einstweilige Verbotsverfügung. Später wurde dieses Verfahren übereinstimmend für erledigt erklärt, nachdem die Beklagte eine entsprechende strafbewehrte Unterlassungsverpflichtungserklärung abgegeben hatte. Die Zahlung einer Geldentschädigung lehnte die Beklagte ab. Die Klägerin behauptet, die angegriffenen Fotos seien ohne ihr Wissen aus weiter Entfernung mit einem Teleobjektiv aufgenommen worden. Zum Zeitpunkt der Erstellung der Fotos hätten sich am Shell Beach weniger als 24 Personen aufgehalten. Sie – die Klägerin – und ihre Begleiter hätten sich vom Meer aus betrachtet am rechten äußeren Rand des Strandes befunden, wie in Anlage K 19 markiert. Zu anderen Personen habe stets ein Abstand von mind. 5 Metern bestanden. die Beklagte zu verurteilen, an die Klägerin eine Geldentschädigung zu zahlen, deren Höhe in das Ermessen des Gerichts gestellt wird, mindestens jedoch 50 000,00 Euro nebst Zinsen in Höhe von 5 Prozentpunkten über dem Basiszinssatz der Europäischen Zentralbank seit Rechtshängigkeit betragen sollte. Die Beklagte vertritt die Ansicht, die Klägerin sei als absolute Person der Zeitgeschichte anzusehen. Bei Erstellung der angegriffenen Fotos sei der Shell Beach von anderen Strandbesuchern eng bevölkert gewesen (dazu hat die Beklagte Vergleichsfotos des Shell Beach vorgelegt, auf denen mehrere hundert Strandbesucher zu sehen sind). Die Klägerin habe „Handtuch an Handtuch“ mit anderen Strandgästen gelagert. Die Klägerin habe hinsichtlich der streitgegenständlichen Berichterstattungen ihre Privatsphäre geöffnet, indem sie sich in den Medien immer wieder zu privaten Details, zu ihrem Beziehungsleben und insbes. zu ihrer Liebe zu N.M. geäußert habe. Insbesondere habe sie ihren Urlaub auf St.B. in der Zeitung „B.“ vom 10.12.2006 angekündigt und zugleicht mitgeteilt, dass ihr klar sei, dort kaum Privatsphäre zu haben (vgl. dazu Anlage B 14). Die Kammer hat Beweis erhoben durch Vernehmung der Zeugen N., M. und L.M.. Hinsichtlich des Ergebnisses der Beweisaufnahme wird auf das Sitzungsprotokoll vom 13.3.2009 verwiesen. Der weitere Sach- und Streitstandes ergibt sich aus den zur Akte gereichten Schriftsätzen nebst Anlagen. Beide Parteien haben mit nachgelassenen Schriftsätzen vom 15.5.2009 und nicht nachgelassenen Schriftsätzen vom 18.6.2009 bzw. 1.7.2009 weiter vorgetragen. Die Klage ist zum Teil begründet, im Übrigen ist sie unbegründet. Der Klägerin steht gegen die Beklagte gemäß § 823 Abs. 1 BGB in Verbindung mit Artikeln 2 Abs. 1, 1 Abs. 1 GG ein Geldentschädigungsanspruch in Höhe von 15 000,– € zu. Voraussetzung dieses Anspruchs ist das Vorliegen einer schwerwiegenden Persönlichkeitsrechtsverletzung, die nicht in anderer Weise befriedigend ausgeglichen werden kann als durch Zahlung einer Geldentschädigung. Ob eine solche schwerwiegende Verletzung vorliegt, hängt insbesondere von der Bedeutung und Tragweite des Eingriffs, von Anlass und Beweggrund des Handelnden sowie von dem Grad seines Verschuldens ab. Bei der Gesamtabwägung aller Umstände muss ein unabwendbares Bedürfnis für die Zuerkennung einer Geldentschädigung bestehen ( BGH, Urteil vom 12. Dezember 1995, Az.: VI ZR 223/94, Juris, Abs. 11). Diese Voraussetzungen sind vorliegend erfüllt. Die streitgegenständliche Veröffentlichung verletzt das Persönlichkeitsrecht der Klägerin in schwerwiegender Weise. Dies gilt insbesondere für die angegriffenen Fotos, die die Klägerin am Shell Beach zeigen. Die Klägerin hat in die Veröffentlichung dieser Aufnahmen nicht gemäß § 22 KUG eingewilligt. Die Fotoveröffentlichungen waren auch nicht gemäß § 23 Abs. 1 KUG gerechtfertigt, insbesondere nicht gemäß § 23 Abs. 1 Nr. 1 KUG. Zwar dürfte die Klägerin zu den bekanntesten Moderatorinnen Deutschlands zählen, und ihr Einfluss auf die politische Willensbildung war insbesondere zu Zeiten der nach ihr benannten Talkshow „S.C.“ geradezu sprichwörtlich. Sie ist daher zweifelsohne als Person des öffentlichen Interesses („public figure“) im Sinne der Rechtsprechung des Bundesgerichtshof anzusehen (vgl. zum Begriff der „public figure“: BGH, U.v. 28.10.2008, Az.: VI ZR 307/07, AfP 2009, 51, 52 f.). Möglicherweise war sie sogar – nach der bis zur soeben genannten Entscheidung des Bundesgerichtshofs gängigen Rechtsprechung – als „absolute Person der Zeitgeschichte“ anzusehen, also als eine Person, deren Bildnis grundsätzlich um ihrer selbst willen der öffentlichen Beachtung wert ist (dazu: BVerfG, 1 BvR 758/97 vom 26.4.2001, Absatz-Nr. 21, www.bverfg.de). Dies muss vorliegend jedoch nicht abschließend entschieden werden, denn auch in diesem Fall standen der angegriffenen Veröffentlichung derart gravierende berechtigte Interessen der Klägerin im Sinne des § 23 Abs. 2 KUG entgegen, dass die Zuerkennung einer Geldentschädigung geboten ist. Es ist davon auszugehen, dass sich die Klägerin bei Erstellung der Aufnahmen in „örtlicher Abgeschiedenheit“ befand. Dieses Merkmal setzt nach der Rechtsprechung des Bundesverfassungsgerichts kein vollständiges Alleinsein voraus. Ausschlaggebend ist vielmehr, „ob der Einzelne eine Situation vorfindet oder schafft, in der er begründetermaßen und somit auch für Dritte erkennbar davon ausgehen darf, den Blicken der Öffentlichkeit nicht ausgesetzt zu sein“ ( BVerfG, 1 BvR 653/96 vom 15.12.1999, Absatz-Nr. 79, www.bverfg.de). Erfasst sind dabei nach der Rechtsprechung des Bundesverfassungsgerichts ausdrücklich auch Orte „in der freien, gleichwohl abgeschiedenen Natur [...], die von der breiten Öffentlichkeit deutlich abgeschieden sind“ ( BVerfG, 1 BvR 653/96 vom 15.12.1999, Absatz-Nr. 78, www.bverfg.de – Unterstreichung durch die Kammer). Der „Shell Beach“ war zum Zeitpunkt der Erstellung der angegriffenen Aufnahmen ein solcher Ort. Wie sich den von den Parteien vorgelegten Fotos entnehmen lässt, ist dieser Strand nur wenige hundert Meter lang, nur ca. 50 m breit und durch Felsen und Pflanzenbewuchs nach außen abgegrenzt. Allein der Umstand, dass der Strand öffentlich zugänglich ist, ist unerheblich, denn ob die Voraussetzungen der Abgeschiedenheit erfüllt sind, läßt sich nur situativ beurteilen (BVerfG, a.a.O., Abs. -Nr. 80). Maßgeblich ist demnach nicht, wie viele Menschen bei Erstellung der angegriffenen Aufnahmen theoretisch hätten zugegeben sein können, sondern allein, wie viele Menschen tatsächlich zugegen waren. Die insoweit beweisbelastete Klägerin hat den Nachweis geführt, dass sie sich zum Zeitpunkt der streitgegenständlichen Aufnahmen in örtlicher Abgeschiedenheit befand. Die Zeugen N., M. und L.M. haben die Beweisbehauptung der Klägerin, wonach sich zum fraglichen Zeitpunkt am Shell Beach weniger als 24 Personen befanden und die Klägerin zu anderen Personen am Strand stets einen Abstand von mindestens 5 Metern einhielt, jedenfalls im Wesentlichen bestätigt. Der Zeuge N.M. hat ausgesagt, dass sich am Strand 10 bis 15 Personen befanden, als sie – der Zeuge, die Klägerin und die Söhne des Klägers – am Strand ankamen, und etwa 5 Personen, als sie den Strand wieder verließen. Der Zeuge L.M. erklärte, es seien ca. 30 Leute am Strand gewesen. Der Zeuge M.M. schließlich sagte zwar zunächst aus, am Strand seien etwa 50 Personen gewesen; nach Vorhalt von ihm selbst gefertigter Fotos des Strandes korrigierte er sich jedoch dahingehend, dass es weniger als 50 Personen gewesen seien. Alle drei Zeugen waren sich darin einig, dass nicht die von der Beklagten vorgelegten Vergleichsfotos, sondern das von der Klägerin vorgelegte Vergleichsfoto gemäß Anlage K 19 die Situation bei Erstellung der streitgegenständlichen Aufnahmen mehr oder weniger adäquat wiedergäbe. Die Zeugen M. und L.M. bestätigten ferner – anhand von Vergleichsfotos bzw. mittels eines Vergleichs mit Entfernungen im Gerichtssaal – dass andere Personen am Strand stets mindestens einige Meter entfernt von ihrer Gruppe lagen. Der Zeuge N.M. bestätigte insoweit, dass er und seine Begleiter sich ihren konkreten Platz am Strand ausgesucht hätten, weil sie ruhige Plätze bevorzugten. Trotz der persönlichen Verbindung der Zeugen mit der Klägerin sieht die Kammer keinen Anlass, an ihrer persönlichen Glaubwürdigkeit bzw. der Glaubhaftigkeit ihrer Aussagen zu zweifeln. Alle drei Aussagen erfolgten in jeweils strukturgleicher, individueller Erzählweise und waren in sich schlüssig und detailliert. Zwar betonten die Zeugen verschiedentlich, dass sie sich an verschiedene Details des Strandbesuchs, wie beispielsweise das genaue Datum bzw. die genaue Uhrzeit des Strandbesuchs oder die Aktivitäten anderer Besucher, nicht mehr präzise erinnern könnten. Dies erscheint der Kammer jedoch angesichts des Zeitablaufs von mehr als zwei Jahren ohne weiteres nachvollziehbar zu sein, zumal der fragliche Strandbesuch zum damaligen Zeitpunkt für die Kläger eine gänzlich alltägliche Begebenheit war, bei der keinerlei Anlass bestand, sich mit gesteigerter Aufmerksamkeit Details einzuprägen. Das offene Eingeständnis der Zeugen, sich nur noch in eingeschränktem Umfang an den Strandbesuch zu erinnern, spricht daher letztlich sogar für die Glaubhaftigkeit ihrer Aussagen. Gleiches gilt für den Umstand, dass die Zeugenaussagen in verschiedenen nebensächlichen Details geringfügig voneinander abwichen. Unerheblich ist, wie viele weitere Personen sich in dem Strandlokal aufgehalten haben mögen, denn es ist nicht vorgetragen, dass vom Strandlokal aus die Möglichkeit bestand, den Strand zu überblicken. Die besondere Schwere der zu Lasten der Klägerin eingetretenen Bildnisrechtsverletzung folgt ferner daraus, dass ein Strandbesuch, wie ihn die angegriffene Berichterstattung zum Gegenstand hatte, zu dem Kreis gänzlich alltäglicher und einem spezifischen Erholungsbedürfnis gewidmeten Urlaubsbetätigungen zählt und somit schon für sich betrachtet grundsätzlich der geschützten Privatsphäre zuzurechnen ist (vgl. dazu: BVerfG, 1 BvR 1602/07 vom 26.2.2008 Absatz-Nr. 106, www.bverfg.de; BGH, Urteil vom 6.3.2007, Az.: VI ZR 52/06, www.bundesgerichtshof.de, Absatz-Nr. 27; BGH, U.v. 19.6.2007, Az.: VI ZR 12/06, www.bundesgerichtshof.de, Absatz-Nr. 26). Es mag zwar ein Interesse gewisser Leserkreise daran bestehen, wo, mit wem und in welcher Weise die Klägerin ihren Urlaub verbringt. Hierbei handelt es sich aber um ein bloßes Unterhaltungsinteresse, dem in der Abwägung mit der Pressefreiheit von vornherein ein geringes Gewicht zukommt (vgl. dazu: BVerfGE 34, 269, 283; BVerfG, 1 BvR 758/97 vom 26.4.2001, Absatz-Nr. 27, www.bverfg.de/). Zwar mögen die persönlichen Lebensumstände der Klägerin in gewissem Maße auf ihre berufliche Tätigkeit rückwirken. Es ist aber zugleich zu berücksichtigen, dass gerade Personen wie die Klägerin, die aufgrund ihrer beruflichen Tätigkeit besonders häufig fotografiert werden, ein besonderes Interesse daran haben, bei alltägliche Urlaubsbetätigungen von Belästigungen durch die Presse verschont zu bleiben. Der Eingriff in die Privatsphäre der Klägerin wurde vorliegend noch maßgeblich verstärkt, indem sie auf den angegriffenen Fotos nur mit einem Bikini bekleidet abgebildet war. Hinzu kommt, dass sie auf einem Foto beim Austausch von Zärtlichkeiten mit ihrem Lebensgefährten gezeigt wurde, wodurch dieses Foto zumindest in die Nähe der Intimsphäre der Klägerin rückte. Anzuführen ist schließlich, dass die rückwärtige Perspektive des „Kussfotos“ nach dem Anstandsgefühl einer breiten Bevölkerungsgruppe als schlicht unschicklich anzusehen ist und auch daher zu Recht von der Klägerin als besonders beschämend angesehen wird. Schließlich ist von einer heimlichen Fotoherstellung unter Verwendung eines technischen Hilfsmittels in Gestalt eines Teleobjektivs auszugehen. Auch dies wirkt sich in der Güterabwägung zu Lasten der Beklagten aus (vgl. dazu: BVerfG, 1 BvR 653/96 vom 15.12.1999, Absatz-Nr. 113, www.bverfg.de; EGMR, NJW 2004, 2647 ff., Absätze Nr. 59 und 68). Soweit die Beklagte mit Nichtwissen bestreitet, dass ein Teleobjektiv eingesetzt worden sei, ist dieses Bestreiten gemäß § 138 Abs. 4 ZPO unbeachtlich. Da die Beklagte die angegriffenen Fotos veröffentlich hat, ist auch die Fotoherstellung als eigene Handlung im Sinne dieser Vorschrift anzusehen, mag die Beklagte sie auch an einen Dritten delegiert haben. Allerdings ist der Klägerin entgegenzuhalten, dass sie ihre Privatsphäre gerade im vorliegend relevanten Kontext (Urlaub und Familie) gegenüber der Öffentlichkeit in nicht ganz unerheblicher Weise geöffnet hatte. Anzuführen sind insoweit u.a. die – unstreitig authentischen – Zitate der Klägerin in „Bild am Sonntag“ vom 10.12.2006, in der es hieß: Damit [mit der Anmietung von gemeinsamen Wohnungen in P. und B.] haben sie [die Klägerin und N.M.] einen wichtigen Schritt in Richtung gemeinsame Zukunft getan. Und was ist mit der angeblichen Karibik-Hochzeit zwischen Weihnachten und Neujahr? S.C. wiegelt ab: „Können Sie sich vorstellen, zusammen mit 200 Fotografen auf eine einsame Insel zu fliegen und zu heiraten?“ Fest steht, sie reist mit ihrem N. und seinen zwei Kindern (12 und 15 Jahre) kurz vor Weihnachten nach St.B. (Karibik). C.: „Wir freuen uns auf den Urlaub mit der Familie nach einem spannenden, aber auch anstrengenden Arbeitsjahr. Im neuen Jahr ist dann Zeit genug, unsere privaten Pläne zu verwirklichen.“ Durch diese Äußerungen lenkte die Klägerin – wenn auch eher detailarm – unmittelbar vor ihrer Abreise nach St.B. die öffentliche Aufmerksamkeit „ohne Not“ auf ihre familiären Urlaubspläne und gab zugleich zu erkennen, dass sie damit rechne, an ihrem Urlaubsort das mediale Interesse auf sich zu ziehen. Ihre private Urlaubsgestaltung mit N.M. hatte die Klägerin auch schon andernorts aus freien Stücken zum Gegenstand der öffentlichen Erörterung gemacht. So hatte sie beispielsweise in „Bild am Sonntag“ vom 15.7.2007 (Anlage B 25) geäußert: „Ich bin sehr, sehr glücklich. Ich glaube, das letzte Mal war ich so glücklich, als ich meine erste Kugel Vanilleeis gegessen habe. [...] Die Wochenenden gehören N.M. und mir. Letztes Wochenende verbrachten wir auf M.. Dieses sind wir in B.. Hier ist es aufregend. Überall Hollywood-Stars. Die Stadt ist ein Traum.“ Ferner ließ sich die Klägerin gemeinsam mit N.M. bei verschiedenen öffentlichen Anlässen z.B. bei Umarmungen, beim Austausch von Küssen und bei einer Fußmassage von Pressefotografen fotografieren. Hierdurch wtrp hat sie zu erkennen gegeben, dass sie sich durch die Veröffentlichung von Fotos, die sie beim Austausch von Zärtlichkeiten mit N.M. zeigen, jedenfalls nicht per se in ihrem Persönlichkeitsrecht beeinträchtigt fühlt. Der Beklagten fällt ein schweres Verschulden zur Last. Als langjährig am deutschen Markt tätigem Verlagsunternehmen sind ihr die journalistischen Sorgfaltspflichten nach den Landespressegesetzen umfänglich bekannt. Es hätte sich ihr daher aufdrängen müssen, dass durch die angegriffene Veröffentlichung das Persönlichkeitsrecht der Klägerin in schwerwiegender Weise verletzt werden würde. Die erlittene Persönlichkeitsrechtsverletzung kann nicht in anderer Weise befriedigend aufgefangen werden kann als durch Zahlung einer Geldentschädigung. Da die angegriffene Berichterstattung – soweit ersichtlich – keine Unwahrheiten enthält, ist sie insbesondere den Ansprüchen auf Gegendarstellung und Berichtigung von vornherein nicht zugänglich. Unter Gesamtabwägung aller Umstände besteht danach ein unabwendbares Bedürfnis für die Zuerkennung einer Geldentschädigung. Die Kammer erachtet eine Verurteilung zur Zahlung von 15 000,– € für geboten, aber auch ausreichend. Beim Geldentschädigungsanspruch steht der Gesichtspunkt der Genugtuung des Opfers im Vordergrund; außerdem dient der Anspruch der Prävention ( BGH, Urteil vom 5. Dezember 1995, Az.: VI ZR 332/94, Juris, Abs. 13). Zu Lasten der Beklagten fällt vorliegend vor allem die – oben ausgeführte – besondere Schwere der eingetretenen Persönlichkeitsrechtsverletzung ins Gewicht. Hinzu kommt die recht weite Verbreitung der angegriffenen Berichterstattung. Auch unter Berücksichtigung dieses Gesichtspunktes erscheint der von der Klägerin geltend gemachte Anspruch in Höhe von 50 000,– € jedoch als deutlich übersetzt. Durch eine Verurteilung zur Zahlung einer Geldentschädigung in dieser Höhe würde die durch Art. 5 Abs. 1 S. 2 GG geschützte Pressefreiheit der Beklagten übermäßig eingeschränkt. Insoweit war zugunsten der Beklagten insbesondere zu berücksichtigen, dass die Klägerin aus den oben erwähnten Gründen zumindest in die Nähe einer „absoluten Person der Zeitgeschichte“ rückt und sich ihrer Privatsphäre aus den oben ausgeführten Gründen gerade auch im Hinblick auf die vorliegend in Rede stehenden Bereiche in nicht unerheblichem Umfang begeben hatte. Beschluss: Der Streitwert wird auf 50 000,– € festgesetzt.
pl	wikipedia	N/A	Mikroelektronika – dziedzina elektroniki, która zajmuje się procesami produkcji układów scalonych oraz komponentów elektronicznych o bardzo małych rozmiarach. Urządzenia te są produkowane głównie z półprzewodników w technologii krzemowej. Cechy mikroelektroniki małe rozmiary oraz mały pobór mocy duża szybkość działania niska cena (uzysk musi być bliski 100%) drogi prototyp problemy z projektowaniem Cele mikroelektroniki poprawa niezawodności i jakości integracja funkcji obniżenie kosztów produkcji zmniejszenie ciężaru i wymiarów miniaturyzacja (rozumiana jako stopień scalenia) Podzespoły mikroelektroniczne Większość zwykłych podzespołów elektronicznych ma swoje odpowiedniki mikroelektroniczne: tranzystory, kondensatory, induktory (solenoidy), rezystory, diody oraz oczywiście izolatory i przewodniki – wszystkie występują także w urządzeniach mikroelektronicznych. Układy scalone Cyfrowe układy scalone składają się głównie z tranzystorów. Układy analogowe lub mieszane zazwyczaj zawierają także rezystory i kondensatory. Induktory są używane w analogowych obwodach wysokich częstotliwości, gdyż w przypadku niskich częstotliwości zajmują zbyt dużo miejsca na chipach. W miarę postępu techniki, rozmiary komponentów mikroelektronicznych ciągle maleją, zaś liczba tranzystorów podwaja się co około 18 miesięcy (prawo Moore’a). W tak małej skali znaczne rozmiary przybierają zjawiska pasożytnicze, zaniedbywalne dla większych wymiarów urządzeń. Celem inżynierów mikroelektroników jest znaleźć sposoby na minimalizację lub zniesienie tych negatywnych efektów, przy ciągłej miniaturyzacji i zwiększaniu wydajności układów elektronicznych. Kolejne fazy produkcji elementów mikroelektronicznych fotolitografia epitaksja domieszkowanie wytrawianie Zobacz też nanoelektronika spintronika Bibliografia W. J. Stepowicz, Elementy półprzewodnikowe i układy scalone, Wydawnictwo Politechniki Gdanskiej, Gdansk 1999 Linki zewnętrzne MIXDES – Międzynarodowa Konferencja Mieszanych Obwodów Scalonych (ERMETIS) Elektronika cyfrowa
en	wikipedia	N/A	Reginaldo Michá Ndong Mangue (born October 14, 1986) is an Equatoguinean track and field sprint athlete who competes internationally for his country. Ndong represented Equatorial Guinea at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. He competed at the 100 metres sprint and placed 8th in his heat without advancing to the second round. He ran the distance in a time of 11.61 seconds. References External links Reginaldo Ndong profile on Facebook 1986 births Living people Equatoguinean male sprinters Olympic athletes of Equatorial Guinea Athletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer Olympics
pt	wikipedia	N/A	"Somos Anormales" (Somos Anormais) é o primeiro single do cantor porto-riquenho Residente, laçado em 13 de janeiro de 2017 como o primeiro single do seu álbum de estreia solo de 2017 Residente. Venceu o Grammy Latino de Melhor Canção de Música Urbana de 2017. Composição e letra A canção foi escrita e composta em Kyzyl, Tuva, Sibéria, onde Residente ficou por uma semana. Tem a participação da banda de canto difônico Chirgilchin. Segundo ele, eles estão cantando em tuviniano um conceito que ele originalmente escreveu em espanhol, depois traduziu para inglês para que eles então finalmente traduzissem para a língua nativa deles. Segundo Residente, "o uso do termo 'anormal' me permitiu romper com a conotação depreciativa da palavra para convertê-la em um conceito inclusivo. Se tem algo que todos temos em comum, é que somos diferentes". Em um comunicado de imprensa de 2016, Residente falou para que todos "tivessem seus olhos, ouvidos e mentes abertas para o que estava por vir". Vídeo O vídeo da canção marca a estreia de Residente como diretor e foi filmado em Madrid, Espanha, ao longo de quatro dias. Tem as participações de John Leguizamo, Leonor Watling, Óscar Jaenada e Juan Diego Botto, entre 70 outros, e foi criado pela Zapatero Film (Porto Rico) e pela Deseif Producciones (Espanha). O vídeo mostra uma mulher dentro de um ovo que se racha dando à luz vários adultos nus com deficiências como nanismo e albinismo. Eles rapidamente fazem roupas com lã e se dividem em dois grupos, um limpo (representando os ricos e poderosos) e outro sujo (representando aqueles que não têm dinheiro nem poder). Ambos rapidamente se enfrentam, mas acabam transformando violência em amor. Ao longo do vídeo, Residente canta com a cabeça saindo da vagina da mulher. A cena com a vagina gigante expelindo pessoas foi comparada a uma cena no filme de Pedro Almodóvar Hable con ella, no qual Leonor estrelou. Sobre o conceito do vídeo, Residente diz: Residente também disse que a cena da batalha pode ser aplicada a muitos contextos diferentes de conflitos. Ligações externas Letra no MetroLyrics Singles de 2017 Singles de estreia
de	wikipedia	N/A	Ernst Becherer (* 11. April 1884 in Besançon; † 4. Dezember 1963) war ein deutscher Verwaltungsbeamter und Politiker. Leben Becherers Vater war Konsulatssekretär und später Amtsgerichtssekretär in Triberg. Ernst Becherer besuchte die Oberrealschule in Offenburg und studierte anschließend Jura. 1907 legte er die Zweite Prüfung für den oberen Justizdienst ab. Von 1910 bis 1914 war er in verschiedenen Justizstellen in Freiburg im Breisgau und in Offenburg beschäftigt. Um 1910 trat er in die SPD ein. Von 1914 bis 1918 nahm er als Soldat am Ersten Weltkrieg teil. Nach 1918 wurde Becherer Stadtverordneter und Stadtrat in Offenburg, wo er Vorsitzender des Wohnungs- und Mieteinigungsamtes und später Flüchtlingskommissar für Ausgewiesene aus dem Elsass war. 1920 wurde er zunächst kommissarischer, ab 1922 dann gewählter Bürgermeister von Friedrichsfeld, das 1930 nach Mannheim eingemeindet wurde. Mit dieser Eingemeindung wurde Becherer als Verwaltungsdirektor in die Stadtverwaltung von Mannheim übernommen und leitete die Krankenanstalten, später das Rechnungs- und Revisionsamt und das Steueramt. In Mannheim war er nach 1930 auch Stadtrat, später auch Mitglied im Kreistag Mannheim. 1933 nahmen die neuen nationalsozialistischen Machthaber Becherer in „Schutzhaft“ und der Polizeipräsident von Mannheim wies ihn anschließend aus Mannheim aus. Becherer hielt sich dann vorübergehend in Freiburg auf, bevor er nach Mannheim zurückkehren konnte. 1934 entließ man Becherer aus dem Dienst der Stadt Mannheim, woraufhin er sich als Steuer- und Rechtsberater selbstständig machte. 1936 wurde er vorläufig als Steuer- und Wirtschaftsberater, ab 1942 auch als Buchsachverständiger zugelassen. 1945 wurde er noch zur Wehrmacht eingezogen, kam diesem Gestellungsbefehl jedoch nicht nach. Ab 1. Mai 1945 konnte Becherer in den Dienst der Stadt Mannheim zurückkehren und wurde Leiter des Arbeitsamts, später Leiter des Kriegsschäden- und Besatzungskostenamtes. 1946 wurde er Landrat des Landkreises Mannheim, bevor er 1948 in den Ruhestand eintrat. Von 1946 bis 1958 bekleidete Becherer den Vorsitz der Gartenstadt-Genossenschaft Mannheims. Auszeichnungen und Ehrungen Eisernes Kreuz 2. Klasse (1915) Ritterkreuz 1. Kl. mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern Orden vom Zähringer Löwen (1916) nach Ernst Becherer wurde der Bechererplatz in Mannheim-Friedrichsfeld benannt (1983). Literatur Wolfram Angerbauer (Red.): Die Amtsvorsteher der Oberämter, Bezirksämter und Landratsämter in Baden-Württemberg 1810 bis 1972. Herausgegeben von der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Kreisarchive beim Landkreistag Baden-Württemberg. Theiss, Stuttgart 1996, ISBN 3-8062-1213-9, S. 172–173. Einzelnachweise Landrat (Landkreis Mannheim) Bürgermeister (Mannheim) SPD-Mitglied Deutscher Geboren 1884 Gestorben 1963 Mann
pl	wikipedia	N/A	Lingwistyka matematyczna – dział językoznawstwa, w którym do badania języków stosuje się metody matematyczne, podzielony na dwa kierunki: syntetyczny i analityczny. Kierunek syntetyczny zajmuje się badaniem różnych typów gramatyk, a kierunek analityczny bada różne typy gramatyk formalnych (związany z informatyką). Bibliografia Gabriel Altmann: Mathematische Linguistik. In: Walter A. Koch (Hrsg.): Perspektiven der Linguistik. Kröner, Stuttgart 1973, S. 208-232. R.G. Piotrowski, K.B. Bektaev, A.A. Piotrowskaja: Mathematische Linguistik. Übersetzt von A. Falk. Brockmeyer, Bochum 1985. R. Piotrowski, M. Lesohin, K. Lukjanenkov: Introduction of Elements of Mathematics to Linguistics. Brockmeyer, Bochum 1990. Barbara H. Partee, Alice ter Meulen, Robert E. Wall: Mathematical Methods in Linguistics. Kluwer 1993, . Działy językoznawstwa es:lingüística matemática zh:数理语言学
sv	wikipedia	N/A	Lac Carole är en sjö i Kanada. Den ligger i countyt Saguenay/Lac-Saint-Jean och provinsen Québec, i den östra delen av landet, km norr om huvudstaden Ottawa. Lac Carole ligger meter över havet. Arean är kvadratkilometer. Den ligger vid sjön Lac Richaume. Den sträcker sig 4,0 kilometer i nord-sydlig riktning, och 2,1 kilometer i öst-västlig riktning. Omgivningarna runt Lac Carole är i huvudsak ett öppet busklandskap. Trakten runt Lac Carole är nära nog obefolkad, med mindre än två invånare per kvadratkilometer. Trakten ingår i den boreala klimatzonen. Årsmedeltemperaturen i trakten är °C. Den varmaste månaden är juli, då medeltemperaturen är °C, och den kallaste är december, med °C. Kommentarer Källor Insjöar i Québec Insjöar i Kanada större än 2 kvadratkilometer
en	other	N/A	33 CFR 151.1015 - Issuing or denying the issuance of a conditional permit. \| LII / Legal Information Institute CFR › Title 33 › Chapter I › Subchapter O › Part 151 › Subpart B › Section 151.1015 33 CFR 151.1015 - Issuing or denying the issuance of a conditional permit. § 151.1015 Issuing or denying the issuance of a conditional permit. After reviewing the application made under § 151.1012, the Coast Guard either— Issues the conditional permit for a vessel under this section; or Denies the issuance of the conditional permit to the vessel in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section. On denying the issuance of the permit, the Coast Guard notifies the applicant of the— Denial and the reason for the denial; and Procedures under § 151.1021 for appealing the denial. Each conditional permit issued under this section is effective— On the date it is issued; and Until the expiration date stated on the conditional permit unless it is— Withdrawn under § 151.1018; Terminated because— The vessel is sold; or This subpart no longer applies to the vessel. The Coast Guard may deny the issuance of a conditional permit if— The application does not contain the information required under § 151.1012; or There is reason to believe that the information contained on the application is not true and correct.
en	wikipedia	N/A	is a railway station in the city of Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan, operated by the private railway operating company Alpico Kōtsū. Lines Kitanii-Matsumotodaigakumae Station is a station on the Kamikōchi Line and is 5.4 kilometers from the terminus of the line at Matsumoto Station. Station layout The station has one ground-level side platform serving a single bi-directional track. Adjacent stations History The station opened on 2 October 1921 as . It was given its present name on 31 October 1922. Passenger statistics In fiscal 2016, the station was used by an average of 603 passengers daily (boarding passengers only). Surrounding area Matsumoto University See also List of railway stations in Japan References External links Railway stations in Japan opened in 1921 Railway stations in Matsumoto City Kamikōchi Line
en	caselaw	US	UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT EASTERN DISTRICT OF LOUISIANA JUSTIN WHITE, SR., ET AL. CIVIL ACTION VERSUS NO. 19-11580 SHERWIN-WILLIAMS CO., ET AL. SECTION: “H” ORDER AND REASONS Before the Court is Plaintiffs’ Motion to Remand (Doc. 4). For the following reasons, the Motion is DENIED. BACKGROUND Plaintiffs filed this suit against Defendants 1 in state court. The complaint alleges that while Plaintiff Jenna White was pregnant with her son, Justin, she was exposed to multiple products manufactured and/or sold by Defendants. Plaintiffs contend that exposure to these products proximately caused her son’s acute myeloid leukemia (“AML”). Specifically, Plaintiffs’ complaint alleges that the products manufactured and/or sold by Defendants 1 The Defendants in this case are W.M. Barr & Company, Inc.; Behr Process Corporation; Home and Ranch Hardware, Inc.; Rust-Oleum Sales Company, Inc.; Annie Sloan US, Inc.; PPG Industries, Inc.; Sherwin-Williams Company; Lowe’s Home Centers, Inc.; Jolie Design & Decor, Inc.; and Tyner-Petrus Co. Inc. 1 contain “toxic levels of benzene, benzene-containing products, toluene, xylene, and other solvents.” 2 Plaintiffs’ complaint solely employs state law theories of recovery, including negligence, gross negligence, strict liability, and Louisiana’s Products Liability Act (“LPLA”). Plaintiffs allege that Defendants are liable under these theories of recovery because they “failed to warn Plaintiffs about the health hazards associated with benzene, toluene, xylene, and other solvents;” they breached their duty to design products made without benzene and to recall products with health hazards; and they manufactured and/or sold products that were “[u]nreasonably dangerous in construction, composition, design, and in inadequate warnings.” 3 Defendants timely removed the suit to federal court on the basis of federal question jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331, 1441(a), and 1441(c). 4 Defendants contend that this Court has federal question jurisdiction because Plaintiffs’ claims are preempted by the Federal Hazardous Substances Act (“FHSA” or “the Act”), rendering them as “arising under” the laws of the United States. 5 Plaintiffs subsequently filed the instant Motion to Remand. 6 LEGAL STANDARD Generally, a defendant may remove a civil state court action to federal court if the federal court has original jurisdiction over the action. 7 “The district courts shall have original jurisdiction of all civil actions arising under the 2 Doc. 1-2 at 5. 3 Id. at 13, 15–16, 18. 4 Doc. 1 at 3, 7. 5 Id. at 3–4. 6 See Doc. 4. 7 28 U.S.C. § 1441. 2 Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States.” 8 “Whether a claim arises under federal law is a question determined by reference to the plaintiffs’ well- pleaded complaint.” 9 A federal question under 28 U.S.C. § 1331 is present when “there appears on the face of the complaint some substantial, disputed question of federal law.” 10 This is commonly referred to as the well-pleaded complaint rule. The burden is on the removing party to show “that federal jurisdiction exists and that removal was proper.” 11 When determining whether federal jurisdiction exists, courts consider “the claims in the state court petition as they existed at the time of removal.” 12 LAW AND ANALYSIS Defendants contend that removal based on 28 U.S.C. § 1331 is proper because the FHSA preempts Plaintiffs’ state-law failure to warn claims, rendering Plaintiffs’ claims as “arising under” the laws of the United States. Congress enacted the FHSA in 1960 to “provide a nationally uniform requirement for adequate cautionary labeling of packages of hazardous substances.” 13 The FHSA regulates benzene, toluene, zylene, and many other substances deemed hazardous. 14 If a product contains certain levels of these substances, the FHSA mandates that the product be fitted with a special label comporting with the requirements under the Act. 15 8 28 U.S.C. § 1331. 9 PCI Transp., Inc. v. Fort Worth & W.R. Co., 418 F.3d 535, 543 (5th Cir. 2005). 10 Carpenter v. Wichita Falls Indep. Sch. Dist., 44 F.3d 362, 366 (5th Cir. 1995). 11 Barker v. Hercules Offshore, Inc., 713 F.3d 208, 212 (5th Cir. 2013) (quoting Manguno v. Prudential Prop. & Cas. Ins. Co., 276 F.3d 720, 722 (5th Cir. 2002)). 12 Manguno, 276 F.3d at 723. 13 H.R. Rep. 86-1861, at 1 (1960), reprinted in 1960 U.S.C.C.A.N 2833, 2833. 14 See 16 C.F.R. § 1500.14(b)(3); see also 15 U.S.C. § 1261 et seq. 15 See 16 C.F.R. § 1500.14(b)(3); see also 15 U.S.C. § 1261 et seq. 3 In 1966, Congress amended the statute by adding an express preemption clause, among other things. 16 In 1976, Congress again amended the FHSA, this time restyling the express preemption clause to state: [I]f a hazardous substance . . . is subject to a cautionary labeling requirement . . . no State . . . may establish or continue in effect a cautionary labeling requirement applicable to such substance . . . unless such cautionary labeling requirement is identical to the labeling requirements [under the act]. 17 The Fifth Circuit has considered the preemptive effect of the FHSA’s express preemption clause. In Comeaux v. National Tea Co., 18 the Fifth Circuit adopted the holding of Moss v. Parks Corp., 19 a Fourth Circuit opinion. After analyzing Congress’ preemptive intent under the statute, the Moss court found “it is clear that Congress intended to preempt state laws proposing labeling requirements not identical to the FHSA’s regulations.” 20 Moss ultimately held that: in an area of limited Congressional preemption such as the FHSA, a common law tort action based upon failure to warn may only be brought for non-compliance with existing federal labeling requirements. . . . [I]f the plaintiff requests a label that is “more elaborate or different” than the one required by the FHSA and its regulations, the claim is preempted. . . . 21 Thus, as articulated in Moss, and as adopted by the Fifth Circuit in Comeaux, state law claims of inadequate labeling or failure to warn are preempted by the Act to the extent that they request labeling requirements different in any way from those required by the FHSA. 22 Therefore, the FHSA provides the 16 Pub.L. No. 89-756, § 4(a), 80 Stat. 1303, 1305 (codified at 15 U.S.C. § 1261 note). 17 Pub.L. No. 94-284, § 17(a), 90 Stat. 503, 510 (codified at 15 U.S.C. § 1261 note (b)(1)(A)). 18 81 F.3d 42 (5th Cir. 1996). 19 985 F.2d 736 (4th Cir. 1993). 20 Id. at 739 (emphasis added). 21 Id. at 740–41. 22 “[A]s the [FHSA]’s preemption provision makes clear, a plaintiff may assert a state-law cause of action that adopts, as the applicable standard of care, compliance with the FHSA’s 4 exclusive standard for adjudicating Plaintiffs’ failure to warn claims. Because of this, Defendants argue that an essential element of Plaintiffs’ claim is controlled by and arises under the laws of the United States. 23 The Court agrees. When state law creates a plaintiff’s cause of action, the case may nevertheless “arise under” the laws of the United States and confer jurisdiction upon the federal courts if the complaint establishes a “right to relief under state law [that] requires resolution of a substantial question of federal law in dispute between the parties.” 24 For this form of federal question jurisdiction, “the question is, does a state law claim necessarily raise a stated federal issue, actually disputed and substantial, which a federal forum may entertain without disturbing any congressionally approved balance of federal and state judicial responsibilities.” 25 The Fifth Circuit has interpreted the Supreme Court’s articulation of this standard into four elements that consider whether “(1) resolving a federal issue is necessary to resolution of the state-law claim; (2) the federal issue is actually disputed; (3) the federal issue is substantial; and (4) federal jurisdiction will not disturb the balance of federal and state judicial responsibilities.” 26 An assessment of each factor as it relates to this case demonstrates that Plaintiffs’ claims sufficiently “arise under” federal law so as to confer subject matter jurisdiction to this Court. A. Resolving a Federal Issue Is Necessary to Resolve the State- Law Claim labeling requirements.” Wagoner v. Exxon Mobil Corp., 832 F. Supp. 2d 664, 670 (E.D. La. 2011). 23 Doc. 1 at 3, 5 (noting that an element of Plaintiffs’ claims is the “breach of the duty set forth in the FHSA.”). 24 Franchise Tax Bd. v. Constr. Laborers Vacation Tr., 436 U.S. 1, 13 (1983). 25 Grable & Sons Metal Prod. v. Darue Eng’g, 545 U.S. 308, 314 (2005). 26 Singh v. Duane Morris LLP, 538 F.3d 334, 338 (5th Cir. 2008); In re Katrina Canal Breaches Litig., 342 F. App’x 928, 932 (5th Cir. 2009). 5 The Court finds that this element has been satisfied. As Defendants’ Notice of Removal points out, Plaintiffs allege that products sold and/or manufactured by Defendants contain certain solvents that are covered under the FHSA’s labeling requirements. 27 To the extent that Plaintiffs’ claims contest the adequacy of the warnings or labels at issue, the standard of care is set by the FHSA’s labeling requirements. Thus, to be successful on their claims, Plaintiffs would have to prove that Defendants’ warnings and/or labels fell short of the standards set forth in the FHSA. 28 This Court therefore finds that resolving Plaintiffs’ claims requires resolution of a federal issue: whether the labels and/or warnings comport with the FHSA’s requirements. B. Existence of an Actually-Disputed Federal Issue The relevant dispute arising from Plaintiffs’ claims is whether Defendants’ products comport with the FHSA’s labeling requirements—not what the requirements themselves entail. Nothing in the parties’ briefs demonstrates that the specific labeling requirements of the FHSA are in dispute. Rather, it appears that resolution of Plaintiffs’ failure to warn and inadequate labeling claims simply requires rote application of the FHSA’s labeling requirements. Because resolution of Plaintiffs’ claims will not require resolution of a disputed federal issue, this second element fails. C. Existence of a Substantial Federal Issue A substantial federal issue is one “indicating a serious federal interest in claiming the advantages thought to be inherent in a federal forum.” 29 If the federal law is “only tangentially relevant to an element of a state cause of 27 Doc. 1 at 4. 28 The FHSA governs the standard of care for failure to warn and inadequate labeling claims and preempts state law claims that require a different standard. See supra, Section II. 29 Rayburn v. Miss. Dev. Auth., 877 F. Supp. 2d 494, 497 (S.D. Miss. 2012) (citing Singh, 538 F.2d at 338). 6 action,” then it is not substantial. 30 In this case, the viability of Plaintiffs’ claims turns wholly on whether Defendants’ labels comport with the requirements of a federal statute. 31 The pertinent federal law, therefore, is not a mere tangential consideration, but rather, the crucial element upon which the outcome of the case turns. Where, as here, a plaintiff may assert a state- law cause of action “that adopts, as the applicable standard of care, compliance with the FHSA’s labeling requirements,” the governing federal law is indeed substantial. 32 D. No Disturbance of Federal-State Judicial Responsibility Balance By maintaining jurisdiction over Plaintiffs’ claims, this Court would not be disturbing the balance of federal-state judicial responsibility. As stated earlier, while state-law claims of failure to warn for hazardous substances are permitted, they are nevertheless preempted to the extent that they deviate from the requirements in the FHSA. A federal district court’s adjudication of compliance with a federal statute can hardly be said to disturb the balance between state and federal courts. Furthermore, as it relates to the particular federal statute at issue here, “given the need for consistency among the fifty states in applying the FHSA, which is basic to the free flow of goods and services among the fifty states, having the consistency of a federal forum to apply Congress’s intended preemption” only strengthens the balance between federal and state courts. A review of these four factors reveals that Plaintiffs’ state-law tort claims “necessarily raise a stated federal issue, actually disputed and substantial, 30 Id. (citing Singh, 538 F.2d at 339) (internal quotations omitted). 31 The FHSA governs the standard of care for failure to warn and inadequate labeling claims and preempts state law claims that require a different standard. See supra, Section II. 32 Wagoner, 832 F. Supp. 2d at 670. 7 which a federal forum may entertain without disturbing any congressionally approved balance of federal and state judicial responsibilities.” 33 Accordingly, Plaintiffs’ claims “arise under” the laws of the United States and properly confer federal question subject matter jurisdiction to this Court. CONCLUSION For the foregoing reasons, IT IS ORDERED that Plaintiffs’ Motion to Remand (Doc. 4) is DENIED. New Orleans, Louisiana this 21st day of November, 2019. ____________________________________ JANE TRICHE MILAZZO UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE 33 Grable & Sons Metal Prod, 545 U.S. at 314. 8
hu	wikipedia	N/A	Mechanikai hullámnak nevezzük egy deformáció, állapotváltozás terjedését rugalmas közegben. Az elektromágneses hullámmal ellentétben, amely elektromágneses zavarként terjed a vákuumban is, a mechanikai hullámoknak közvetítő közegre van szükségük. Az alapján, hogy hány dimenzióban megy végbe a mozgás, megkülönböztetünk egydimenziós hullámokat, (például egy rezgő gumikötél), felületi hullámokat (vízfelszín hullámzása) és háromdimenziós hullámokat, utóbbira példa egy robbanás lökéshullámának terjedése a levegőben. A rezgés iránya szerint két fajtáját különböztetjük meg: a transzverzális hullám a haladási irányára merőlegesen kelt rezgéseket a közegben, amiben terjed. Ezzel szemben a longitudinális hullám a haladási irányban kelt rezgéseket. Ennek értelmében tehát ha fényképet készítünk a kétfajta hullámról, a transzverzálisnál hullámhegyek és völgyek figyelhetők meg, míg a longitudinálisnál sűrűsödések és ritkulások. A hullámzás során legtöbbször nem maguk a részecskék terjednek szét, hanem a részecskék rezgésállapota: az impulzus, a rezgési energia és az adott fázis. A mindennapokban gyakran előforduló példák a mechanikai hullámokra a víz felszín hullámzása, a hanghullámok és a szeizmikus hullámok. Jellemzői Terjedés különböző halmazállapotú anyagokban Szilárd halmazállapotú objektumok esetében különböző nyíróerők fejtik ki hatásukat a hullámra, ennek következtében ezekben a testekben kialakulhatnak mind transzverzális, mind longitudinális típusú hullámok. Ezzel ellentétben a folyadékokban és gázokban kizárólag longitudinális hullámok fordulnak elő, a nyíróerők elhanyagolható mértékének és a fellépő belső súrlódásnak köszönhetően. Harmonikus hullámok A harmonikus hullámok esetében az interakcióban részt vevő részecskék harmonikus rezgőmozgást végeznek. A harmonikus rezgő- és hullámmozgás szoros kapcsolata miatt a harmonikus hullámok jellemzéséhez felhasználhatóak a rezgőmozgás alapfogalmai mint az amplitudó, a periódusidő, a frekvencia, a körfrekvencia és a kezdőfázis. Ezeket egészíti ki még egy skalármennyiség, a térbeli periodicitást jellemző hullámhossz, mely a hullám két azonos fázisú szomszédos pontja közötti távolságot mutatja meg egy adott pillanatban. Jele a λ, SI-mértékegysége a m (méter). A víz felszínén keletkező zavar körkörös alakban terjed szét a hullámforrásból kiindulva. A spektroszkópia szakterületén alkalmazzák elsősorban a k -val jelzett hullámszámot, amely a hullámhossz reciprokának 2π-szereseként van meghatározva: k≡2π/λ Terjedési sebesség Amíg az elektromágneses hullám terjedési sebességét az adott közeg törésmutatója határozza meg, addig a mechanikai hullámnál a közeg sűrűsége, rugalmassági tulajdonságai a meghatározók. A mechanikai hullám terjedésének sebességét a közegben c-vel, hullámhosszát λ-val, hullámszámát k-val, periódusidejét T-vel, körfrekvenciáját ω-val jelöljük. Ezek a következő összefüggésben állnak egymással: c = λ⋅f = λ / T = λ⋅ω/ 2π = ω⋅k A hullámterjedés során fellépő jelenségek Abban az esetben, ha a hullám két eltérő tulajdonságú közeg határára érkezik, a térben haladó deformáció egy része visszaverődik, míg egy másik része a másik közegben folytatja útját. A visszaverődő hullám iránya és a közeghatárra állított merőleges azonos szöget zár be a beesési szöggel és a merőlegessel. Törés esetén a hullám további irányát a Snellius–Descartes-törvény segítségével számolhatjuk ki. Interferencia Hullámok ütközésekor az amplitúdók összeadódnak a hullámtér minden pontján, így ezek erősíthetik, vagy kiolthatják egymást, ezt a jelenséget nevezzük interferenciának. Az egymással interakcióba lépő azonos polarizációjú és frekvenciájú hullámokat a rezgések pontonkénti összevetésével írhatjuk le. Amikor az interferencia pozitív, erősítésről, amikor negatív, gyengítésről beszélhetünk. Diffrakció Amikor hullámok akadályba, vagy nyílásba ütköznek, az eredeti mozgási irányuk megváltozik. A hullámok viselkedését ebben az esetben a Huygens–Fresnel-elv két tézise alapján vizsgálhatjuk meg, amelyek az alábbiak: A hullámfelület minden pontja elemi gömbhullámok kiindulópontja. Egy adott pontban tapasztalható hatást az elemi hullámok interferenciája alakítja ki. Hullámpolarizáció A hullámpolarizáció a transzverzális hullámok egy lehetséges tulajdonsága, ami azt jelenti, hogy a rezgés a haladás irányára merőleges, egyetlen síkban zajlik. Egy hullámot lineáris polarizáltnak nevezünk abban az esetben, ha a polarizáció síkja térben állandó, amikor pedig ez a sík állandó szögsebességgel mozog, akkor a hullámot elliptikusan vagy cirkulárisan polarizáltként jellemezhetjük. Hanghullám A hang is a mechanikai hullámok csoportjába tartozik, egyfajta nyomásingadozás a térben és időben, amely a részecskéket rezgésre kényszeríti. Az emberi érzékszervek számára a 20 Hz és 20 kHz közötti frekvenciatartományba eső hullámok érzékelhetők, az ennél magasabb (kisebb frekvenciájú) hangokat infrahangoknak, a mélyebbeket ultrahangoknak nevezzük. A hanghullámok longitudinálisak. A hangok magassága a rezgés frekvenciájától, míg erőssége az amplitúdó nagyságától függ és decibelben mérhető. Történet A hullámok kutatásának fontos úttörője volt René Descartes francia filozófus, aki elsősorban az optika tudományágában alkotott. Kidolgozta a fénytörés elméleti hátterét és fejlesztette a lencsék csiszolásának technikáját. Christiaan Huygens 17.századi holland fizikus nevéhez köthető a matematikai és fizikai inga kidolgozása mellett a fény és a mechanikai hullámok elméletének kialakulása is. Augustin-Jean Fresnel (1788-1827) francia fizikus munkássága kulcsfontosságú szerepet játszott a modern optika megalakulásában. A tudós bizonyította a fény hullámtermészet-jellegét, tanulmányozta a fényelhajlást, több eszközt alkotott az interferencia-csíkok létrehozására és eredményeivel hozzájárult a hullámelmélet kidolgozásához is. Kapcsolódó lapok Elektromágneses sugárzás Gravitációs hullám Transzverzális hullám Longitudinális hullám Hang Interferencia További információk Fizikakönyv.hu – Mechanikai hullámok Jegyzetek Fizikai alapfogalmak
it	other	N/A	L'obbligo del singolo condomino di contribuire in misura proporzionale al valore della sua unità immobiliare alle spese necessarie per la manutenzione e riparazione delle parti comuni dell'edificio trova la sua fonte nella comproprietà delle parti comuni dell'edificio. - Renato D'Isa Home Corte di Cassazione Cassazione civile 2018 L’obbligo del singolo condomino di contribuire in misura proporzionale al valore della... L’obbligo del singolo condomino di contribuire in misura proporzionale al valore della sua unità immobiliare alle spese necessarie per la manutenzione e riparazione delle parti comuni dell’edificio trova la sua fonte nella comproprietà delle parti comuni dell’edificio. Corte di Cassazione, sezione sesta civile, Ordinanza 28 maggio 2018, n. 13293. Ordinanza 28 maggio 2018, n. 13293 sul ricorso 5226/2017 proposto da: (OMISSIS) SAS, rappresentata e difesa dall’avvocato (OMISSIS); avverso la sentenza n. 1041/2016 della CORTE D’APPELLO di BRESCIA, depositata il 02/11/2016; udita la relazione della causa svolta nella camera di consiglio del 15/03/2018 dal Consigliere Dott. ANTONIO SCARPA. (OMISSIS) propone ricorso per cassazione articolato in unico motivo (violazione e falsa applicazione degli articoli 40 e 41 c.p.c.) avverso la sentenza della Corte d’Appello di Brescia n. 1041/2016 del 2 novembre 2016, che, riformando la decisione di primo grado resa dal Tribunale di Bergamo in data 25 maggio 2012, ha rigettato la domanda proposta dallo stesso (OMISSIS) nei confronti della (OMISSIS) s.a.s., volta al rimborso della somma di Euro 8.549,07, anticipata per il rifacimento del tetto e della facciata del complesso immobiliare sito in (OMISSIS), composto da unita’ immobiliari di proprieta’ del (OMISSIS) e della societa’ convenuta. La (OMISSIS) s.a.s., resiste con controricorso. La Corte d’Appello di Brescia ha escluso che potesse essere invocata dal (OMISSIS) l’applicazione dell’articolo 1134 c.c., in quanto l’urgenza dell’intervento di manutenzione delle parti comuni dell’edificio condominiale era stata determinata da un incendio sviluppatosi nella notte tra il (OMISSIS) conseguente al surriscaldamento della canna fumaria posta all’interno di appartamento di proprieta’ dello stesso (OMISSIS). Tale surriscaldamento della canna fumaria, per quanto accertato gia’ dal Tribunale di Bergamo, era stato provocato da un non adeguato utilizzo di una stufa a legna. Essendo la responsabilita’ dell’incendio attribuibile al (OMISSIS), a carico dello stesso devono porsi, per la Corte di Brescia, tutte le conseguenze patrimoniali della sua condotta, visto che l’intervento di rifacimento del tetto e della facciata risultava a sua volta da attribuire causalmente (anche per le risultanze del verbale dei Vigili del Fuoco intervenuti sul luogo) all’incendio stesso, che aveva intaccato le travi di legno della copertura, rendendola pericolante. L’unico motivo di ricorso deduce la violazione e falsa applicazione degli articoli 40 e 41 c.p., circa l’applicazione del principio del neminem laedere e la ricostruzione del rapporto di causalita’ fatte dalla Corte d’Appello. La controricorrente (OMISSIS) s.a.s. eccepisce l’inammissibilita’ del ricorso per la novita’ delle censure proposte, ovvero ex articolo 360 bis c.p.c., n. 1, e comunque ne prospetta l’infondatezza. Le parti hanno presentato memorie ai sensi dell’articolo 380 bis c.p.c.. L’unico motivo di ricorso denuncia la violazione o falsa applicazione di norme di diritto (articoli 40 e 41 c.p.), ma non censura un’erronea ricognizione da parte del provvedimento impugnato della fattispecie astratta, quanto soltanto allega un’erronea ricognizione della fattispecie concreta, causata, a dire del ricorrente, dalla cattiva valutazione delle risultanze probatorie di causa, la quale inerisce alla tipica attivita’ del giudice di merito ed e’ censurabile unicamente per omesso esame di fatto decisivo e controverso ex articolo 360 c.p.c., comma 1, n. 5. Il ricorrente critica, invero, l’accertamento del nesso di causalita’ materiale tra il verificarsi dell’incendio nella sua proprieta’ esclusiva e l’evento dannoso che ha pregiudicato il tetto e la facciata dell’edificio. Tale profilo, tuttavia, ha formato oggetto di un esauriente apprezzamento di fatto della Corte d’Appello. La sentenza impugnata spiega compiutamente come l’urgenza dell’intervento di manutenzione costituisse sequenza possibile, ed anzi verosimile, dell’incendio del 28 febbraio 2008, secondo una relazione di causalita’ adeguata, sicche’ alcuna inosservanza degli articoli 40 e 41 e’ ravvisabile. Ma l’infondatezza del primo motivo discende radicalmente da altra considerazione. Il presente giudizio non ha ad oggetto l’individuazione dei danni che (OMISSIS) debba risarcire alla (OMISSIS) s.a.s., quando la sussistenza di un diritto del condomino (OMISSIS) ad essere rimborsato di spese fatte per le cose comuni di sua iniziativa. Ora, anche nel caso di condominio minimo, cioe’ di condominio composto da due soli partecipanti (quale risulta quello per cui e’ causa), la spesa autonomamente sostenuta da uno di essi e’ rimborsabile soltanto nel caso in cui abbia i requisiti dell’urgenza, ai sensi dell’articolo 1134 c.c. (testo previgente alla modifica operata con la legge n. 220/2012). Ai fini dell’applicabilita’ dell’articolo 1134 c.c., va dunque considerata urgente non solo la spesa che sia giustificata dall’esigenza di manutenzione, quanto la spesa la cui erogazione non possa essere differita, senza danno o pericolo, fino a quando l’amministratore o l’assemblea dei condomini possano utilmente provvedere. Cio’ vale anche per i condomini composti da due soli partecipanti, la cui assemblea si costituisce validamente con la presenza di tutti e due i condomini e all’unanimita’ decida validamente. Se non si raggiunge l’unanimita’ e non si decide, poiche’ la maggioranza non puo’ formarsi in concreto, diventa necessario ricorrere all’autorita’ giudiziaria, come previsto dagli articoli 1139 e 1105 c.c. (Cass. Sez. 2, 12/10/2011, n. 21015; Cass. Sez. U, 31/01/2006, n. 2046). Peraltro, l’obbligo del singolo condomino di contribuire in misura proporzionale al valore della sua unita’ immobiliare alle spese necessarie per la manutenzione e riparazione delle parti comuni dell’edificio trova la sua fonte nella comproprieta’ delle parti comuni dell’edificio. Ove l’esigenza di manutenzione e riparazione delle parti comuni dell’edificio derivi, invece, dalla specifica condotta illecita attribuibile ad un condomino (come nella specie accertato in fatto dalla Corte di Brescia), tale condotta fa sorgere soltanto a carico di quest’ultimo l’obbligo di risarcire il danno complessivamente prodotto ex articolo 2043 c.c., e non anche l’obbligo degli altri partecipanti di contribuire alle spese ai sensi dell’articolo 1123 c.c. e ss. (Cass. Sez. 3, 08/11/2007, n. 23308; Cass. Sez. 2, 12/04/1999, n. 3568). Ne consegue che non puo’ comunque spettare al condomino alcun diritto al rimborso della spesa affrontata per conservare la cosa comune, ai sensi dell’articolo 1134 c.c., ove l’esigenza di manutenzione e riparazione della stessa abbia trovato la sua causa in una specifica condotta illecita a lui attribuibile, e le opere fatte eseguire dal singolo abbiano percio’ dato luogo ad una forma di risarcimento del danno in forma specifica. Il ricorso va percio’ rigettato e il ricorrente va condannato a rimborsare alla controricorrente le spese del giudizio di cassazione. Sussistono le condizioni per dare atto – ai sensi della L. 24 dicembre 2012, n. 228, articolo 1, comma 17, che ha aggiunto il comma 1-quater all’articolo 13, del testo unico di cui al Decreto del Presidente della Repubblica 30 maggio 2002, n. 115 – dell’obbligo di versamento, da parte del ricorrente, dell’ulteriore importo a titolo di contributo unificato pari a quello dovuto per l’impugnazione integralmente rigettata. La Corte rigetta il ricorso e condanna il ricorrente a rimborsare al controricorrente le spese sostenute nel giudizio di cassazione, che liquida in complessivi Euro 3.200,00, di cui Euro 200,00 per esborsi, oltre a spese generali e ad accessori di legge. Ai sensi del Decreto del Presidente della Repubblica n. 115 del 2002, articolo 13, comma 1 quater, inserito dalla L. n. 228 del 2012, articolo 1, comma 17, dichiara la sussistenza dei presupposti per il versamento, da parte del ricorrente, dell’ulteriore importo a titolo di contributo unificato pari a quello dovuto per il ricorso, a norma dello stesso articolo 13, comma 1 bis. Corte di Cassazione, sezione prima civile, sentenza 12 marzo 2018, n....
de	wikipedia	N/A	Georgina Wheatcroft (* 30. November 1965 in Nanaimo, British Columbia als Georgina Hawkes) ist eine kanadische Curlerin. Ihr internationales Debüt hatte Wheatcroft im Jahr 1987 bei der Weltmeisterschaft in Chicago, die sie mit ihrem Team als Sieger beendete. Bei der WM 2000, im schottischen Glasgow, konnte sie diesen Erfolg wiederholen. Wheatcroft gewann 2001 die kanadischen Olympic Curling Trails mit ihrem Team vertrat Kanada bei den XIX. Olympischen Winterspielen im Curling. Sie gewann am 21. Februar 2002 mit ihrer Mannschaft die olympische Bronzemedaille nach einem 9:5-Sieg gegen die Vereinigten Staaten um Skip Kari Erickson. Erfolge Weltmeisterin 1987 und 2000 3. Platz Olympische Winterspiele 2002 Weblinks Curler (Kanada) Weltmeister (Curling) Olympiateilnehmer (Kanada) Geboren 1965 Frau Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 2002 Kanadier
lv	caselaw	EU	23.11.2013 LV Eiropas Savienības Oficiālais Vēstnesis C 344/15 Tiesas (ceturtā palāta) 2013. gada 26. septembra spriedums — Centrotherm Systemtechnik GmbH/centrotherm Clean Solutions GmbH & Co. KG, Iekšējā tirgus saskaņošanas birojs (preču zīmes, paraugi un modeļi) (Lieta C-609/11 P) (1) (Apelācija - Regula (EK) Nr. 207/2009 un Nr. 2868/95 - Atcelšanas process - Kopienas vārdiska preču zīme “CENTROTHERM” - Faktiska izmantošana - Jēdziens - Pierādīšanas līdzekļi - Zvērestam pielīdzināms paziņojums - Vispārējās tiesas Reglamenta 134. panta 1. - 3. punkts - Vispārējās tiesas pilnvaras grozīt lēmumus - Personas, kas iestājusies lietā, formulēto pamatu un prasījumu apjoms) 2013/C 344/23 Tiesvedības valoda — vācu Lietas dalībnieki Apelācijas sūdzības iesniedzēja: Centrotherm Systemtechnik GmbH (pārstāvji — A. Schulz un C. Onken, Rechtsanwälte, kā arī F. Schmidt, Patentenwalt) Pārējie lietas dalībnieki: centrotherm Clean Solutions GmbH & Co. KG (pārstāvji — O. Löffel un P. Lange, Rechtsanwälte), Iekšējā tirgus saskaņošanas birojs (preču zīmes, paraugi un modeļi) (pārstāvis — G. Schneider) Priekšmets Apelācijas sūdzība par Vispārējās tiesas (sestā palāta) 2011. gada 15. septembra spriedumu lietā T-427/09 Centrotherm Clean Solutions/ITSB, ar kuru Vispārējā tiesa atcēla ITSB Apelāciju ceturtās padomes 2009. gada 25. augusta lēmumu lietā R 6/2008-4, ciktāl ar to daļēji atcelts Iebildumu nodaļas 2007. gada 30. oktobra lēmums — Preču zīmes faktiska izmantošana — Pierādījumi Rezolutīvā daļa: 1) apelācijas sūdzību noraidīt; 2) piespriest Centrotherm Systemtechnik GmbH papildus savu izdevumu segšanai atlīdzināt centrotherm Clean Solutions GmbH & Co. KG tiesāšanās izdevumus; 3) Iekšējā tirgus saskaņošanas birojs (preču zīmes, paraugi un modeļi) (ITSB) sedz savus tiesāšanās izdevumus pats. (1) OV C 80, 17.3.2012.
de	other	N/A	Darf Arge bei Abwesenheit kontrollieren? - Erwerbslosen Forum Deutschland (ELO-Forum) Start > Information > AfA /Jobcenter / Optionskommunen -> Darf Arge bei Abwesenheit kontrollieren? 05.07.2006, 11:08 #1 Darf Arge bei Abwesenheit kontrollieren? Ich mache zur Zeit eine von meiner Arge veranlasste Trainingsmaßnahme. Das bedeutet, dass ich von 6 bis 16 Uhr nicht zu hause bin. Ich wohne noch bei meinen Eltern. Wenn jetzt irgendwelche Kontrolleure vorbeikommen, die meine "Besitztümer" durchsuchen wollen, müssen meine Eltern die dann reinlassen. Und wenn sie es aus Unwissenheit tun, dürfen die Kontrolleure dann überhaupt meine Sachen durchsuchen, wenn ich gar nicht dabei bin? 05.07.2006, 11:12 #2 Mal eine Frage: Warum sollten die überhaupt kommen? Hast Du da konkrete Befürchtungen? Ich denke Deine Eltern können sich weigern in Deiner Abwesenheit ihnen Dein Zimmer zu zeigen 05.07.2006, 11:28 #3 Wenn jetzt irgendwelche Kontrolleure vorbeikommen, die meine "Besitztümer" durchsuchen wollen, müssen meine Eltern die dann reinlassen. Und wenn sie es aus Unwissenheit tun, dürfen die Kontrolleure dann überhaupt meine Sachen durchsuchen, wenn ich gar nicht dabei bin? Ein Skandal, dass heutzutage solche Fragen gestellt werden müssen 05.07.2006, 11:52 #4 Bei unangekündigten Hausbesuchen handelt es sich um einen Eingriff in die Unverletzlichkeit der Wohnung, zu dessen verfassungsrechtlicher Zulässigkeit folglich ein Gesetz erforderlich ist, das nur zur Verhütung dringender Gefahren für die öffentliche Sicherheit und Ordnung ergehen darf: Es gibt jedoch kein Gesetz, das den Hausbesuch hier zulässt. Die Ermächtigung an die Leistungsbehörden, Augenschein einzunehmen (§ 21 Abs. l S. 2 SGB X), umfasst gewiss nicht die Erlaubnis zum Hausbesuch. Demgemäß muss sich die Frage gestellt werden, ob unangemeldeten Hausbesuchen überhaupt berechtigt sind und ob es dafür eine gesetzliche Grundlage gibt. Die materielle Mitwirkungspflicht schließt lediglich die Angabe von Tatsachen bzw. Beweismitteln und die Zustimmung zur Auskunftserteilung bzw. Urkundenvorlage durch Dritte (§ 60 Abs. l Nr. l, 3 SGB I), persönliches Erscheinen (§61 SGB I) sowie ärztliche und psychologische Untersuchungen (§ 62 SGB I) ein, nicht aber die Einwilligung zu Hausbesuchen. Eine Mindermeinung (VG Frankfurt am Main, info also 2/1985, 60 »Eheähnliche Gemeinschaft I«, Onderka/Schade, sozial extra 9/1985, 16 ff., zweifelnd Kretschmer/von Maydell/Schellhom, GK-SGBI, 3. Aufl. 1996, §60 Rz 32) befürwortet eine (analoge) Anwendung der Vorschriften über die Mitwirkungspflicht, die dann einschließen würde, dass bei ihrer Verletzung (verneint im Fall VG Frankfurt am Main »Eheähnliche Gemeinschaft I«, a. a. 0.) eine Leistungsablehnung nur nach vorangegangenem Folgenhinweis und angemessener Fristsetzung zur Nachholung gerechtfertigt ist (§ 66 Abs. 3 SGB I). Die herrschende Auffassung in der Rechtsprechung (VG Braun-schweig, info also 2/1985, 53 »Erstantragsbesuch«, VGH Hessen, FEVS 35, 333 = info also 1986, 34 mit Anmerkung Möller = NJW 1986, 1129 »Eheähnliche Gemeinschaft II", OVG Nordrhein-Westfalen, FEVS 39, 430 = NJW 1990, 728 = ZfSH/SGB 1989, 303 »Eheähnliche Gemeinschaft III«) und Literatur (Giese, Gutachten NDV 1986, 332, Trenk-Hinterberger in: Giese/Krahmer, SGB I und X, §61 SGB I Rz 7.2, Mrozynski, SGB I, 2. Aufl. 1995, § 60 Rz 10, Schellhom u.a., BSHG. 15. Aufl. 1997, § 115 Rz5) lehnt jedoch zu Recht eine Hausbesuchsmitwirkungspflicht ab. Die verfahrensrechtliche Mitwirkungslast umfasst nur die Angabe von Tatsachen und Beweismitteln (§ 21 Abs. 2 S. l SGB X). Eine weitergehende Pflicht, bei der Ermittlung des Sachverhalts mitzuwirken, besteht nur, soweit sie durch eine Rechtsvorschrift besonders vorgesehen ist (§21 Abs. 2 S. 2 SGB X). Eine solche gibt es jedoch bezüglich des Hausbesuchs nicht. 05.07.2006, 12:53 #5 :hihi: :hihi: man hätte auch kurz und bündig mit NEIN eine Antwort geben können :pfeiff: :pfeiff: (aber mit dem Kommentar von Martin ist es nachvollziehbarer ;) ) 06.07.2006, 07:17 #6 Konkrete Befürchtungen nicht, aber ich dachte, die stehen bei jedem Hartz4-Empfänger mal vor der Tür. 06.07.2006, 10:35 #7 Also bei mir standen die noch nie vor der Tür und ich bin schon einige Jahre arbeitslos, lass Dich nicht verunsichern, das sieht jetzt nicht so aus, das die in Zukunft jeden Arbeitslosen einmal besuchen., soviel Zeit haben die auch nicht :daumen: 06.07.2006, 10:38 #8 25.08.2008, 11:46 #9 AW: Darf Arge bei Abwesenheit kontrollieren? Nein sicher nicht. Wenn das passieren würde, dann wäre dass sowas, was es in Deutschland schon zweimal gab. Ich erwähne das nicht begrifflich, um dem Admin nicht noch mehr Ärger zu machen aberr ob es nun braune Uniformen oder Schlapphüte waren, sowas wie die, kann sich keiner mehr leisten, auch die dümmste und geilste ARGE nicht. darf, arge, abwesenheit, kontrollieren Abwesenheit an Werktagen - Festlegung in der EVB eisbaer Eingliederungsvereinbarung (EGV +VA) 19 07.09.2008 19:10 Abwesenheit bei Bewerbung Subliminal_Kid Allgemeine Fragen 1 18.03.2008 15:54 Bei Abwesenheit.... Linchen0307 Bedarfs- / Haushalts- u. Wohngemeinschaften / Familie 12 19.08.2007 17:05 Polizei will Busse kontrollieren athene G8 1 02.06.2007 10:41
es	caselaw	EU	Partes Motivación de la sentencia Parte dispositiva Partes En el asunto T‐317/12, Holcim (Romania) SA , con domicilio social en Bucarest (Rumanía), representada por el Sr. L. Arnauts, abogado, parte demandante, contra Comisión Europea , representada por los Sres. K. Mifsud-Bonnici y E. White, en calidad de agentes, parte demandada, que tiene por objeto, por un lado, un recurso, interpuesto en el ámbito de la responsabilidad por actuación culposa, a fin de obtener la indemnización del perjuicio presuntamente sufrido por la demandante por la negativa de la Comisión a revelarle información relativa a unos derechos de emisión de gases de efecto invernadero que le habían sido presuntamente robados y a prohibir cualquier transacción relativa a dichos derechos y, por otro lado, una pretensión de indemnización, presentada en el ámbito de la responsabilidad objetiva, EL TRIBUNAL GENERAL (Sala Octava), integrado por el Sr. D. Gratsias (Ponente), Presidente, y la Sra. M. Kancheva y el Sr. C. Wetter, Jueces; Secretario: Sra. S. Spyropoulos, administradora; habiendo considerado los escritos obrantes en autos y celebrada la vista el 27 de febrero de 2014; dicta la siguiente Sentencia Motivación de la sentencia Antecedentes del litigio I. Compromisos derivados del Protocolo de Kioto 1. La Convención marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el cambio climático fue firmada, en nombre de la Comunidad Económica Europea, el 13 de junio de 1992. Se aprobó, en nombre de la Comunidad, mediante la Decisión 94/69/CE del Consejo, de 15 de diciembre de 1993, relativa a la celebración de la Convención marco sobre el cambio climático (DO 1994, L 33, p. 11) y entró en vigor, según esta Decisión, el 21 de marzo de 1994. 2. El 29 de abril de 1998, el Protocolo de Kioto de la Convención marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el cambio climático (en lo sucesivo, «Protocolo de Kioto») fue firmado en nombre de la Comunidad. Este Protocolo fue aprobado en nombre de la Comunidad mediante la Decisión 2002/358/CE del Consejo, de 25 de abril de 2002 (DO L 130, p. 1). 3. El artículo 3, apartado 1, del Protocolo de Kioto establecía que, para el período 2008-2012, cada uno de los Estados y organizaciones internacionales incluidos en el anexo I de la Convención marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el cambio climático se asegurarían de que sus emisiones antropógenas agregadas de ciertos gases de efecto invernadero no excedieran de una determinada cantidad, denominada «cantidad atribuida». Entre las organizaciones internacionales así contempladas figuraba la Comunidad, a la que sucedió la Unión Europea en virtud del artículo 1 TUE, párrafo tercero, en su versión modificada por el Tratado de Lisboa. 4. La cantidad atribuida, mencionada en el artículo 3, apartado 1, del Protocolo de Kioto, se expresaba en toneladas de dióxido de carbono equivalente, correspondiendo una tonelada a una «unidad de cantidad atribuida» (UCA). Durante el período 2008-2012, como complemento de las medidas adoptadas para cumplir sus compromisos cuantificados de limitación y reducción de las emisiones, los Estados y organizaciones internacionales incluidos en el anexo I del Protocolo de Kioto podían hacer variar su cantidad atribuida, para que no fuera inferior a sus emisiones efectivas. Se les ofrecían distintas posibilidades. En primer lugar, podían obtenerse UCA adicionales de Estados terceros, conforme al artículo 17 del Protocolo de Kioto. En segundo lugar, podían generarse unidades de un tipo distinto, por un lado, mediante la «actividad humana directamente relacionada con el cambio del uso de la tierra y la silvicultura, limitada a la forestación, reforestación y deforestación» («unidades de absorción», o UAB, mencionadas en el artículo 3, apartado 3, del Protocolo de Kioto) y, por otro, mediante determinados proyectos dirigidos a reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero puestos en práctica en otros Estados. Esta última categoría de unidades agrupaba dos subcategorías, a saber, por un lado, las «unidades de reducción de emisiones» (URE, mencionadas en el artículo 6 del Protocolo de Kioto) y, por otro, las «unidades de reducción certificada de emisiones» (URCE, mencionadas en el artículo 12 del Protocolo de Kioto). Las UCA, las URE, las URCE y las UAB (en lo sucesivo, conjuntamente, «unidades de Kioto») correspondían, cada una, a una tonelada de dióxido de carbono equivalente. 5. El 30 de noviembre de 2005, la Conferencia de las Partes en la Convención marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el cambio climático, en calidad de reunión de las Partes del Protocolo de Kioto, adoptó la Decisión 13/CMP.1. El anexo de esta Decisión define las «modalidades de contabilidad en relación con las cantidades atribuidas». II. Normativa aplicada en la Unión para ejecutar el Protocolo de Kioto 6. El 13 de octubre de 2003 se adoptó la Directiva 2003/87/CE del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, por la que se establece un régimen para el comercio de derechos de emisión de gases de efecto invernadero en la Comunidad y por la que se modifica la Directiva 96/61/CE del Consejo (DO L 275, p. 32). Esta Directiva pretendía, según su considerando 5, «contribuir a que se cumplan en mayor medida los compromisos [derivados del Protocolo de Kioto]». El artículo 19, apartado 3, de dicha Directiva establecía que, «para aplicar la presente Directiva, la Comisión adoptará [...] un reglamento relativo a un régimen normalizado y garantizado de registros nacionales, en forma de bases de datos electrónicas normalizadas, que consten de elementos comunes de información que permitan realizar el seguimiento de la expedición, la titularidad, la transferencia y la cancelación de los derechos de emisión, y que garanticen, en su caso, el acceso del público y la confidencialidad, y aseguren que no se produzcan transferencias incompatibles con las obligaciones derivadas del Protocolo de Kioto». 7. Con arreglo a dicha disposición, la Comisión de las Comunidades Europeas adoptó, el 21 de diciembre de 2004, el Reglamento (CE) no 2216/2004, relativo a un sistema normalizado y garantizado de registros de conformidad con la Directiva 2003/87 y la Decisión no 280/2004/CE del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo (DO L 386, p. 1). A. Derechos de emisión de gases de efecto invernadero creados por la normativa de la Unión 8. La Directiva 2003/87 introdujo el concepto de «derecho de emisión de gases de efecto invernadero» (en lo sucesivo, «derecho» o «derecho de emisión»). En virtud de su artículo 3, letra a), un derecho permite «emitir una tonelada equivalente de dióxido de carbono durante un período determinado». 9. Existe una relación entre los derechos, por un lado, y algunas de las unidades de Kioto, por otro, aun cuando unos y otras presenten distinta naturaleza. 10. En efecto, por una parte, el artículo 45, párrafos primero y segundo, del Reglamento no 2216/2004 dispone que un derecho de emisión, del que puede ser titular una persona física o jurídica, se obtiene mediante «conversión» de una UCA, conversión que se produce mediante la inclusión del elemento relativo al derecho de emisión en el código de identificación de la UCA. 11. Por otra parte, el artículo 11 bis de la Directiva 2003/87, introducido por la Directiva 2004/101/CE del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 27 de octubre de 2004, por la que se modifica la Directiva 2003/87 (DO L 338, p. 18), ofrece, con diversas reservas, la posibilidad de que determinadas personas físicas o jurídicas obtengan derechos de emisión «a cambio» de URE o de URCE. B. Expedición y entrega de los derechos de emisión 12. En virtud del artículo 11, apartados 2 y 4, de la Directiva 2003/87, durante el período de cinco años que comienza el 1 de enero de 2008, la autoridad competente del Estado miembro de que se trate expide, por cada año, al titular de una instalación perteneciente a uno de los sectores de actividad enumerados en el anexo I de dicha Directiva un determinado número de derechos de emisión de gases de efecto invernadero. La expedición de los derechos tiene lugar a más tardar el 28 de febrero del año de que se trate (año N). 13. En virtud de los artículos 14 y 15 de la Directiva 2003/87, durante el año natural N, se realiza un seguimiento y una verificación de las emisiones de cada instalación. 14. En virtud del artículo 12, apartado 3, de la Directiva 2003/87, a más tardar el 30 de abril del año N+1, el titular de una instalación debe entregar un número de derechos de emisión equivalente a las emisiones totales de ésta durante el año natural N. 15. Como resulta de la Directiva 2003/87, son factibles cuatro supuestos. En primer lugar, si el titular dispone, el 30 de abril del año N+1, de un número de derechos superior a las emisiones totales de su instalación durante el año N, puede conservar esos derechos sobrantes o venderlos. En segundo lugar, si el titular dispone de un número de derechos igual a las emisiones totales de su instalación, no dispone ya de ningún derecho por ella una vez satisfechas sus obligaciones de entrega. En tercer lugar, si el titular constata que las emisiones de su instalación son superiores a los derechos de que dispone por dicha instalación, puede proveerse de derechos antes del 30 de abril del año N+1 de modo que pueda cumplir sus obligaciones de entrega. En cuarto lugar, en virtud del artículo 16, apartado 3, de la Directiva 2003/87, si el 30 de abril del año N+1 el titular no ha entregado suficientes derechos de emisión para cubrir sus emisiones del año N, debe pagar una multa por exceso de emisiones. Esta multa será de 100 euros por cada tonelada equivalente de dióxido de carbono emitido para la que el titular no haya entregado derechos de emisión. Pese al pago de dicha multa por exceso de emisiones, el titular sigue estando obligado a entregar, el 30 de abril de N+2, una cantidad de derechos de emisión equivalente a la de las emisiones en exceso el año N. Así pues, en la práctica, el titular que se encuentre en tal situación debe proveerse de derechos de emisión adicionales antes del 30 de abril de N+2. 16. En definitiva, estas diferentes posibilidades crean las condiciones para que surja un mercado de derechos de emisión. C. Modalidades de funcionamiento del régimen de comercio de derechos de emisión 17. Especial atención merecen tres categorías de disposiciones. 18. En primer lugar, el artículo 19, apartado 1, de la Directiva 2003/87 dispone que los Estados miembros deben crear un registro «que permita llevar cuenta exacta de la expedición, la titularidad, la transferencia y la cancelación de derechos de emisión». El apartado 2 del mismo artículo indica que dichos registros contendrán «cuentas separadas» donde «se registrarán los derechos de emisión de que sea titular cada persona a la que se expidan o transfieran, o de la que se transfieran derechos de emisión». El artículo 3, apartado 1, del Reglamento no 2216/2004 puntualiza que, en cada Estado miembro se establecerá un registro en forma de una base de datos electrónica «normalizada» («standardised», en inglés). El apartado 2 del mismo artículo añade que los registros deben incorporar «soportes físico y lógico» («hardware and software», en inglés) y ser accesibles a través de Internet. Por último, el apartado 3 de dicho artículo indica que deben poder realizar de manera correcta todos los procesos relacionados, por una parte, con las emisiones verificadas y, por otra, con las cuentas que posean personas físicas o jurídicas titulares de derechos de emisión. 19. En segundo lugar, el artículo 20, apartado 1, de la Directiva 2003/87 establece la designación, por la Comisión, de un Administrador Central que llevará un «registro independiente de transacciones en el que se consignarán las expediciones, las transferencias y las cancelaciones de derechos de emisión». 20. El artículo 5, apartado 1, del Reglamento no 2216/2004 añade que dicho registro, también denominado «diario independiente de transacciones comunitario», lo establecerá la Comisión en forma de una base de datos electrónica «normalizada». El apartado 2 de dicho artículo dispone que este diario debe incorporar «soportes físico y lógico» y ser accesible a través de Internet. Por último, el apartado 5, en su redacción resultante del Reglamento (CE) no 916/2007 de la Comisión, de 31 de julio de 2007, por el que se modifica el Reglamento no 2216/2004 (DO L 200, p. 5), puntualiza que el Administrador Central que mantiene el diario sólo efectuará procesos relativos a los derechos de emisión, las emisiones verificadas o incluso las cuentas en los casos en los que resulte necesario para la realización de sus funciones. En definitiva, del Reglamento no 2216/2004 resulta que el diario independiente de transacciones comunitario constituye una base de datos que, por un lado, consolida los datos procedentes de los registros nacionales y, por otro, permite identificar las transacciones entre diferentes registros. 21. En tercer lugar, el artículo 10, apartado 1, del Reglamento no 2216/2004 instaura reglas de confidencialidad. Dispone lo siguiente: «Toda la información contenida en los registros y en el [diario independiente de transacciones comunitario], lo cual incluye los haberes de todas las cuentas y la totalidad de las transacciones efectuadas, se considerará confidencial para cualquier efecto que no sea la aplicación de los requisitos establecidos en el presente Reglamento, en la Directiva 2003/87/CE o en la legislación nacional.» III. Hechos anteriores a la interposición del recurso 22. La demandante, Holcim (Romania) SA, pertenece al grupo Holcim, especializado en la producción de cemento, áridos, asfalto y hormigón prefabricado. Dispone de cuentas de derechos de emisión en el registro rumano. 23. El 16 de noviembre de 2010, dichas cuentas fueron ilegalmente consultadas por una persona no autorizada. Según la demandante, debido a esa consulta ilegal, un millón de derechos de emisión que le pertenecían fue transferido ilegalmente a una cuenta en Italia y 600 000 derechos de emisión fueron transferidos a Liechtenstein. Estos 600 000 derechos desviados a Liechtenstein se habían podido recuperar en la fecha de interposición de la demanda. No ocurrió lo mismo con el millón de derechos restante. En opinión de la demandante, dicho millón robado de derechos de emisión (y no recuperado en la fecha de interposición de la demanda) valía «alrededor de 15 millones de euros» en la fecha en que ocurrieron los hechos. 24. Mediante carta de 24 de noviembre de 2010, la demandante informó oficialmente a la Comisión del suceso y le rogó que «pidiera a los registros nacionales [por un lado] que congelaran» los derechos de emisión presuntamente robados y, por otro, que «bloquearan las cuentas» por las que éstos habían transitado. 25. Mediante escrito de 25 de noviembre de 2010, presentó una denuncia ante el Ministerio Fiscal rumano. 26. Mediante escrito de 2 de diciembre de 2010, el despacho de abogados de la demandante solicitó a la Comisión que «suspendiera y denegara el acceso a las cuentas» por las que habían transitado los derechos de emisión presuntamente robados. Le requirió, además, que «pidiera a los registros nacionales que no observan las exigencias habituales de seguridad de los sistemas de información bancarios que suspendiesen toda transferencia de [derechos de emisión] hasta que se aplicaran tales medidas de seguridad de los sistemas de información». 27. Mediante escrito de 14 de diciembre de 2010, el jefe de unidad competente de la Comisión respondió al escrito de 2 de diciembre de 2010 en los siguientes término s: «[...] En lo referente a su solicitud de que se suspenda y bloquee el acceso a las cuentas pertinentes, nuestra opinión es que la recuperación de derechos de emisión que se presume han sido fraudulentamente transferidos es una cuestión que corresponde al Derecho nacional y a las autoridades nacionales encargadas de la aplicación de la ley. La Comisión no tiene competencia para bloquear tales derechos de emisión en una cuenta de registro. Por lo que respecta al comercio de derechos de emisión, le recuerdo que esta información es confidencial durante cinco años, conforme a lo dispuesto en el artículo 10 y en el anexo XVI del Reglamento no 2216/2004. Pese a dichas disposiciones, la Comisión coopera efectivamente con las autoridades policiales competentes a fin de resolver [la cuestión del] acceso no autorizado a las cuentas [de que se trata]. Por último, en cuanto a su solicitud de que se suspendan todas las transferencias de derechos de emisión en los registros nacionales mientras no se apliquen las normas habituales de seguridad de los sistemas de información bancarios, tal acción sería desproporcionada y carecería de base jurídica [...]». 28. Mediante escrito de 22 de diciembre de 2010, el director general encargado de la Dirección General (DG) «Acción por el clima» de la Comisión respondió al escrito de 24 de noviembre de 2010 en los siguientes términos: «[...] La recuperación de derechos de emisión que se presume han sido fraudulentamente transferidos es una cuestión que corresponde al Derecho nacional y a las autoridades nacionales encargadas de la aplicación de la ley. La Comisión no tiene competencia para bloquear tales derechos de emisión en una cuenta de registro, mientras tales derechos de emisión sigan representando medios válidos de cumplimiento. Por lo que respecta al comercio de derechos de emisión, le recuerdo que esta información es confidencial durante cinco años, conforme a lo dispuesto en el artículo 10 y en el anexo XVI del Reglamento no 2216/2004. Pese a dichas disposiciones, la Comisión coopera efectivamente con las autoridades policiales competentes a fin de resolver [la cuestión del] acceso no autorizado a las cuentas [de que se trata]. [...]» 29. No se discute que dicho director general de la Comisión actuaba entonces como Administrador Central del diario independiente de transacciones comunitario, en el sentido del artículo 20, apartado 1, de la Directiva 2003/87, función que se le había atribuido en el año 2010. 30. El 28 de diciembre de 2010, se inició un procedimiento sobre medidas provisionales contra la Comisión ante el Tribunal de première instance de Bruxelles (Bélgica), a iniciativa de una sociedad distinta de la demandante. Dicho procedimiento tenía por objeto, en particular, que el presidente de ese Tribunal, como juez de medidas provisionales, conminase a la Comisión, por un lado, a «comunicar la identidad del titular o titulares» de las cuentas en las que aparecían derechos de emisión presuntamente robados y, por otro, a «bloquear todos los registros nacionales en los que [estaban] inscritos [dichos] derechos de emisión». El 21 de febrero de 2011, la demandante presentó, ante el Tribunal de première instance de Bruxelles, una demanda de intervención voluntaria «a fin de obtener las mismas medidas que las solicitadas» por esa otra sociedad. De este modo, se le atribuyó la condición de «segunda demandante». Así resulta, al menos, del auto que pone fin a dicho procedimiento sobre medidas provisionales, que se menciona en el posterior apartado 39. 31. Mediante escrito de 11 de marzo de 2011, el Fiscal Jefe de la Dirección a cargo de las investigaciones relativas al crimen organizado y al terrorismo (Rumanía) informó a la demandante de que se había iniciado una «instrucción penal» en relación con los hechos invocados por la demandante en su denuncia (mencionada en el anterior apartado 25). 32. Mediante escrito de 18 de marzo de 2011, esa misma autoridad le precisó a la demandante que, el 11 de enero de 2011, había dirigido a las autoridades judiciales belgas una solicitud mediante comisión rogatoria al objeto de que la Dirección General de la Comisión encargada de llevar el diario independiente de transacciones comunitario: – prohibiera oficialmente a las autoridades encargadas de llevar los registros nacionales contabilizar y autorizar las transacciones que tuvieran por objeto derechos de emisión pertenecientes a la demandante; – proporcionara todos los datos que obrasen en su posesión relativos a la presunta transferencia no autorizada de los derechos de emisión de la demandante, que había tenido lugar el 16 de noviembre de 2010; – describiera todas las transacciones relativas a tales derechos de emisión; – proporcionara los archivos de registro («log files», en inglés) que indican las «direcciones IP», la fecha y la hora de todas las transacciones relativas a los derechos de emisión pertenecientes a la demandante, y ello a partir del 16 de noviembre de 2010; – proporcionara los archivos de registro que indican las «direcciones IP», la fecha y la hora de todas las operaciones dirigidas a acceder a las cuentas que hubieran contenido derechos de emisión pertenecientes a la demandante, y ello a partir del 16 de noviembre de 2010; – proporcionara toda la información comunicada por otros registros nacionales en relación con casos similares. 33. También se puntualizaba, en dicho escrito de 18 de marzo de 2011, que las autoridades judiciales belgas no habían respondido, hasta entonces, a dicha solicitud. 34. Del escrito de contestación a la demanda resulta que, mientras tanto, la Oficina Europea de Lucha contra el Fraude (OLAF) había recibido, el 4 de marzo de 2011, por medio de las autoridades judiciales belgas, la solicitud dirigida mediante comisión rogatoria. 35. Mediante escrito de 4 de abril de 2011, una sociedad perteneciente al mismo grupo que la demandante señaló a la Comisión que una representante de la demandante se había entrevistado con agentes de la Comisión los días 2 y 17 de marzo de 2011. Subrayó que en dichas ocasiones, se había puntualizado a estos últimos que el Ministerio Fiscal rumano había dirigido a la Comisión una solicitud mediante comisión rogatoria. Acto seguido, afirmó que dicha solicitud no había tenido respuesta hasta entonces. Por último, tras alegar que se le había indicado, oralmente, que la OLAF la había recibido, instó a la Comisión a que contestara a la mayor brevedad posible. 36. Mediante escrito de 7 de abril de 2011, el jefe de unidad competente de la Comisión indicó a esa misma sociedad que la DG «Acción por el clima» no había recibido solicitud alguna procedente de las autoridades judiciales rumanas. Asimismo, informó a la demandante de que los datos relativos a las transacciones registradas en el diario independiente de transacciones comunitario eran confidenciales y que, «conforme a una práctica consolidada», únicamente se facilitaban a las autoridades nacionales encargadas de aplicar la ley, previa petición debidamente justificada. 37. Del escrito de contestación a la demanda, cuyas afirmaciones se basan en documentos presentados por la Comisión en respuesta a una pregunta escrita del Tribunal, resulta que, ese mismo día, el 7 de abril de 2011, la OLAF respondió a la solicitud remitida mediante comisión rogatoria. Además, la demandante reconoce en su demanda la existencia de esta respuesta. Según las precisiones aportadas por la Comisión, la OLAF remitió al Ministerio Fiscal belga un «CD-ROM y un disco duro con 300 gigaoctetos de información». 38. Mediante escrito de 31 de mayo de 2011, el abogado de la demandante indicó a la Comisión que la suponía informada de que la demandante era parte, desde febrero de 2011, del procedimiento sobre medidas provisionales mencionado en el anterior apartado 30. Insistió en que dicho procedimiento tenía por objeto conminar a la Comisión a bloquear los derechos de emisión presuntamente robados el 16 de noviembre de 2010 y a revelar «su localización actual en los registros nacionales». Por otra parte, el citado abogado precisó que, según información revelada por la prensa, 279 210 derechos de emisión presuntamente robados habían sido entregados por varios titulares el 30 de abril de 2011 en la Unión (para cumplir la obligación de entrega establecida en el artículo 12, apartado 3, de la Directiva 2003/87, mencionado en el anterior apartado 14). Posteriormente, solicitó a la Comisión que no autorizara la entrega de tales derechos de emisión y, al menos, que los bloqueara y los reasignara a su titular legítimo. 39. Mediante auto de 3 de junio de 2011, el presidente del Tribunal de première instance de Bruxelles se declaró «incompetente» para conocer de la demanda de medidas provisionales mencionada en el anterior apartado 30. 40. Mediante escrito de 18 de julio de 2011, la Comisión respondió a la carta que le había remitido el abogado de la demandante el 31 de mayo de 2011: subrayó que su posición no había cambiado en relación con la solicitud de que se bloqueara la entrega de los derechos de emisión presuntamente robados. Considera, por un lado, que «la recuperación de derechos de emisión que se presume han sido fraudulentamente transferidos es una cuestión que corresponde al Derecho nacional y a las autoridades nacionales encargadas de la aplicación de la ley»; por otro lado, «la Comisión no tiene competencia para bloquear tales derechos de emisión en una cuenta de registro, mientras tales derechos de emisión sigan representando medios válidos de cumplimiento». 41. Mediante escrito de 13 de diciembre de 2011, dirigido a la Comisión, la demandante alegó que la Comisión y los Estados miembros tenían el «deber implícito» de buscar una solución para indemnizar el perjuicio sufrido por un usuario de derechos de emisión que no era culpable. A continuación, señaló que pretendía incoar procedimientos contenciosos contra la Comisión y las autoridades rumanas para «recuperar su pérdida». Por último, alegó que tal procedimiento no convenía a los intereses de sus accionistas y que, por lo tanto, estaba dispuesta a concluir una transacción («out-of-court settlement», en inglés) con la Comisión. 42. Mediante escrito de 16 de enero de 2012, la Comisión precisó a la demandante que no era favorable a una solución transaccional. Procedimiento y pretensiones de las partes 43. Mediante demanda presentada en la Secretaría del Tribunal el 11 de julio de 2012 la demandante interpuso el presente recurso. Presentó dos series de pretensiones. 44. En primer lugar, solicitó al Tribunal que, mediante «sentencia interlocutoria»: – «Declare que, por lo que respecta al perjuicio sufrido por la demandante a raíz del robo de un millón de derechos de emisión, la Unión [...] debe responder del comportamiento de la Comisión con arreglo a los artículos 256, 268 y 340 TFUE. – Condene a la Unión [...] a abonar a la demandante la cantidad de un euro con carácter provisional. – Ordene que las partes lleguen a un acuerdo sobre el importe del perjuicio y/o que la demandante demuestre el alcance definitivo de su perjuicio, en los tres meses siguientes a la sentencia interlocutoria. – Declare la ejecutoriedad de la sentencia.» 45. En segundo lugar, solicita al Tribunal que: – «Ordene a la Unión [...] abonarle el valor de los derechos de emisión robados que no hayan sido recuperados todavía en la fecha de la sentencia definitiva, y ello, al precio de mercado vigente en la fecha del robo, más los intereses al tipo del 8 % anual a partir del 16 de noviembre de 2010. – Condene en costas a la Unión [...] – Declare la ejecutoriedad de la sentencia.» 46. El 19 de octubre de 2012, la Comisión presentó en la Secretaría del Tribunal su escrito de contestación a la demanda. Solicita al Tribunal que: – Desestime el recurso. – Condene en costas a la demandante. 47. El 23 de octubre de 2012, la demandante pudo recuperar 94 761 derechos de emisión tras haber sido «bloqueados» por el registro italiano e incautados por el Ministerio Fiscal italiano. Por lo tanto, a partir de esa fecha, a la demandante le faltaba recuperar 905 239 derechos de emisión y no un millón, como alegaba inicialmente (véase el anterior apartado 44). 48. El 11 de febrero de 2013, la demandante presentó en la Secretaría del Tribunal la réplica. Modificó una de sus pretensiones. En lugar de solicitar al Tribunal que «ordene que las partes lleguen a un acuerdo sobre el importe del perjuicio y/o que la demandante demuestre el alcance definitivo de su perjuicio, en los tres meses siguientes a la sentencia interlocutoria», solicitó al Tribunal que «ordene que las partes lleguen a un acuerdo sobre el importe del perjuicio y/o que la demandante demuestre el alcance definitivo de su perjuicio, a más tardar en los tres meses siguientes al término del proceso penal sustanciado en Rumanía». Por lo demás, reitera las pretensiones que formuló en el escrito de demanda. 49. El 29 de mayo de 2013, la Comisión presentó en la Secretaría del Tribunal la dúplica. 50. Al haberse modificado la composición de las Salas del Tribunal, el Juez Ponente inicialmente designado fue adscrito a la Sala Octava, a la que se atribuyó, por consiguiente, el presente asunto. 51. A propuesta del Juez Ponente, el Tribunal (Sala Octava) decidió abrir la fase oral del procedimiento. Mediante una diligencia de ordenación del procedimiento, instó a las partes a responder a unas preguntas y les requirió la presentación de unos documentos. 52. Mediante escrito registrado en la Secretaría del Tribunal el 5 de febrero de 2014, la Comisión atendió dicho requerimiento. Lo mismo hizo la demandante el 6 de febrero de 2014. 53. En la vista de 27 de febrero de 2014, se oyeron los informes orales de la demandante y la Comisión y sus respuestas a las preguntas formuladas por el Tribunal. Sobre las cuestiones previas al examen del fondo 54. Antes de examinar la fundamentación jurídica del recurso, el Tribunal apreciará de oficio su admisibilidad a la luz de los requisitos del artículo 44, apartado 1, letra c), de su Reglamento de Procedimiento, posteriormente determinará la repercusión procesal de la interposición, ante el juez rumano, de un recurso de indemnización del mismo perjuicio que el invocado en el marco del presente recurso, pero dirigido contra las autoridades rumanas. I. Sobre la observancia del artículo 44, apartado 1, letra c), del Reglamento de Procedimiento 55. Conforme a reiterada jurisprudencia, en virtud del artículo 21, párrafo primero, del Estatuto del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea en relación con el artículo 53, párrafo primero, de dicho Estatuto y del artículo 44, apartado 1, letra c), del Reglamento de Procedimiento, las demandas deben contener la indicación del objeto del litigio y la exposición sumaria de los motivos invocados. Esta indicación debe ser suficientemente clara y precisa para permitir que la parte demandada prepare su defensa y que el Tribunal General se pronuncie sobre el recurso, en su caso, sin apoyarse en otros datos. A fin de garantizar la seguridad jurídica y una buena administración de la justicia, es necesario, para que pueda acordarse la admisión de un recurso, que los elementos esenciales de hecho y de Derecho en los que se basa éste resulten, al menos de forma sumaria, pero de modo coherente y comprensible, del texto de la propia demanda. Más concretamente, para atenerse a estos requisitos, toda demanda que tenga por objeto la reparación de los daños supuestamente causados por una institución de la Unión deberá contener los elementos que permitan identificar, primero, el comportamiento reprochado; segundo, el carácter y el alcance del perjuicio presuntamente sufrido y tercero, las razones por las que la parte demandante estima que existe una relación de causalidad entre dicho comportamiento y dicho perjuicio (véase la sentencia del Tribunal de 2 de marzo de 2010, Arcelor/Parlamento y Consejo, T‐16/04, Rec. p. II‐211, apartado 132, y la jurisprudencia citada). 56. Sin embargo, no es indispensable determinar en la demanda, en tanto que requisito de admisibilidad, el alcance exacto del perjuicio y menos todavía cifrar el importe de la indemnización solicitada, lo cual es posible, en todo caso, hasta el momento de la réplica, siempre que la parte demandante invoque circunstancias particulares que justifiquen su retraso e indique los elementos que permitan apreciar la naturaleza y el alcance del perjuicio, y la parte demandada pueda, en consecuencia, defenderse (véase la sentencia Arcelor/Parlamento y Consejo, citada en el apartado 55 supra , apartado 135, y la jurisprudencia citada). 57. A la luz de estas observaciones debe determinarse si la demanda reúne los requisitos del artículo 44, apartado 1, letra c), del Reglamento de Procedimiento. A. Comportamiento reprochado a la Unión 58. La argumentación desarrollada en la demanda tiene por objeto demostrar que la Comisión debía haber revelado a la demandante la identidad de los titulares actuales de los derechos de emisión robados y posteriormente haber prohibido toda transacción referente a esos derechos, para facilitar su entrega a la demandante. En efecto, en el punto 64 del escrito de demanda, la demandante alega que, «al negarse a revelar la localización de los derechos de emisión robados y a bloquearlos», la Comisión generó la responsabilidad de la Unión. Afirmaciones similares se recogen en el punto 68 del escrito de demanda. Por último, se proporcionan indicaciones aún más explícitas en el punto 134 del escrito de demanda. Ahí se dice que el comportamiento reprochado a la Unión «no es el robo en sí», sino «la negativa ilegal y la incapacidad de la Comisión [...] de bloquear a su debido tiempo los derechos de emisión robados y de revelar su localización». 59. Es cierto que, en el punto 65 del escrito de demanda, la demandante señala que los «hechos que dieron lugar a la responsabilidad de la Unión» se produjeron el 16 de noviembre de 2010, es decir, el día de la transferencia presuntamente no autorizada de derechos de emisión. Sin embargo, dado que la demandante nunca imputa expresamente dicha transferencia a la Comisión, es preciso considerar que los comportamientos reprochados por la demandante a la Comisión están claramente identificados en el escrito de demanda. Son dos. Se trata, por un lado, de la presunta negativa de la Comisión «a revelar la localización de los derechos de emisión robados» y, por otro, de la negativa de esta misma institución «a bloquearlos». B. Perjuicio invocado 60. En sus pretensiones, la demandante solicita que se le abone, para reparar su perjuicio, una indemnización correspondiente al «valor de los derechos de emisión robados que no hayan sido recuperados todavía en la fecha de la sentencia definitiva, y ello, al precio de mercado vigente en la fecha del robo, más los intereses al tipo del 8 % anual a partir del 16 de noviembre de 2010». 61. De este modo, ha definido con suficiente precisión el carácter del perjuicio que invoca: se trata de un perjuicio estrictamente patrimonial consistente, con carácter principal, en el valor de mercado, a 16 de noviembre de 2010, del millón de derechos de emisión presuntamente robados y no recuperados en la fecha de interposición de la demanda. 62. Por otra parte, debe considerarse que la demanda contiene elementos suficientes para determinar el alcance exacto del perjuicio invocado. 63. En efecto, es preciso leer las pretensiones del escrito de demanda, entre las que se recoge la petición de indemnización, junto con el punto 119 de aquél, donde se afirma que las «pérdidas» sufridas por la demandante ascienden a «alrededor de 15 millones de euros». 64. Además, si bien dicho cálculo es aproximativo, es preciso interpretarlo a la luz del punto 7 del escrito de demanda, donde se puntualiza que «el precio medio de intercambio [de cada derecho de emisión presuntamente robado y no recuperado se situaba, en la fecha del supuesto robo,] entre 10 y 20 euros». De ello resulta que la demandante solicita, como máximo, una indemnización por importe de 20 millones de euros, sin intereses. 65. En definitiva, tanto el carácter como el alcance del perjuicio invocado están determinados en la demanda. C. Relación de causalidad 66. Por último, en la demanda se manifiesta, con cierto grado de claridad, que el perjuicio invocado se «generó por la negativa ilegal y la incapacidad de la Comisión [...] de bloquear a su debido tiempo los derechos de emisión robados y de revelar su localización». Pues bien, según la demandante, dicha negativa le impidió identificar a los titulares actuales de esos derechos de emisión y, como consecuencia, llevar a cabo actuaciones para recuperarlos, en su caso ejercitando acciones judiciales. 67. Tales indicaciones en cuanto a la relación de causalidad entre el comportamiento reprochado y el perjuicio alegado son suficientes para considerar que el recurso reúne los requisitos establecidos en el artículo 44, apartado 1, letra c), del Reglamento de Procedimiento. II. Sobre la repercusión del ejercicio, ante el juez rumano, de una acción de indemnización del mismo perjuicio que el invocado en el presente recurso, pero dirigido contra las autoridades rumanas 68. En el punto 17 de la réplica, la demandante señala que «ha entablado una acción civil» ante el juez rumano contra la autoridad administrativa encargada de llevar el registro rumano. Añade que «dicha acción tiene una naturaleza distinta [a la del presente recurso] y no interfiere en [éste], dado que se basa en un contrato celebrado entre la demandante y la Administración rumana». 69. No obstante, del punto 49 del escrito de demanda presentado ante un tribunal rumano y registrado por éste el 10 de noviembre de 2011, resulta que el perjuicio cuya reparación se ha solicitado a las autoridades rumanas correspondía al valor de mercado, el 16 de noviembre de 2010, del millón de derechos de emisión que presuntamente fueron objeto de una transferencia no autorizada y que no pudo ser recuperado. Por consiguiente, si bien es cierto que el comportamiento reprochado a las autoridades rumanas (a saber, el incumplimiento de su obligación de garantizar la seguridad del registro rumano) es diferente del reprochado, en el marco del presente recurso, a la Comisión, no es menos cierto que el perjuicio invocado, en ambos casos, es el mismo: se trata del valor de los derechos de emisión presuntamente robados y no recuperados en la fecha de interposición de la demanda (véase el anterior apartado 61). 70. Pues bien, según las indicaciones de la demandante, en la fecha de la vista y, a fortiori , en la de presentación de la demanda, ningún tribunal rumano se había pronunciado. 71. En tal situación, si, con posterioridad a la vista que se ha celebrado en el presente asunto, el juez rumano estimase la demanda que le presentó la demandante y si, paralelamente, el Tribunal estimase el presente recurso, la demandante sería indemnizada dos veces por el mismo perjuicio. 72. No obstante, la jurisprudencia ha proporcionado soluciones que permiten evitar tales consecuencias, desde el examen de la admisibilidad del recurso o ulteriormente, en el examen de su fundamentación, según los casos. A. Repercusión, en la admisibilidad del presente recurso, del ejercicio de una acción de indemnización ante un tribunal rumano 73. Mediante la sentencia de 30 de mayo de 1989, Roquette frères/Comisión (20/88, Rec. p. 1553, apartado 15), el Tribunal de Justicia declaró que la admisibilidad de la acción de indemnización establecida en los artículos 268 TFUE y 340 TFUE, párrafo segundo, puede encontrarse supeditada, en determinados casos, a que se hayan agotado todos los recursos en Derecho interno que permitan obtener una reparación por parte de las autoridades nacionales, siempre que dichos recursos de Derecho interno garanticen de un modo eficaz la protección de los particulares interesados y puedan conducir a la reparación del perjuicio alegado. 74. En este enunciado de principio, el uso del verbo «poder» demuestra que no agotar los «recursos en Derecho interno que permitan obtener una reparación por parte de las autoridades nacionales» no debe conducir sistemáticamente a una declaración de inadmisibilidad por el juez de la Unión. Este último sólo puede deducir la inadmisibilidad del recurso «en determinados casos». 75. Es cierto que dichos casos no han sido precisados en la sentencia Roquette frères/Comisión, citada en el apartado 73 supra (apartado 15). Sin embargo, el Tribunal considera que únicamente existe un supuesto en el que la circunstancia de que no se haya resuelto de manera definitiva sobre la acción de indemnización ejercitada ante el tribunal nacional implica necesariamente la inadmisibilidad del recurso de indemnización interpuesto ante el juez de la Unión. Se trata del supuesto en el que dicha circunstancia prohíbe a este último identificar el carácter y la cuantía del perjuicio invocado ante él, de manera que no se cumplen los requisitos del artículo 44, apartado 1, letra c), del Reglamento de Procedimiento (véase la jurisprudencia citada en el anterior apartado 55). 76. Pues bien, en el presente caso, pese a que ningún elemento de los autos permite concluir que ningún tribunal rumano se haya pronunciado sobre la acción de indemnización ejercitada por la demandante, el Tribunal puede delimitar el carácter y la cuantía del perjuicio invocado (véase el anterior apartado 65). 77. Como consecuencia, queda excluido declarar la inadmisibilidad del presente recurso sobre la base de la jurisprudencia resultante de la sentencia Roquette frères/Comisión, citada en el apartado 73 supra (apartado 15). B. Repercusión, en el examen de la fundamentación del presente recurso, del ejercicio de una acción de indemnización ante un tribunal rumano 78. El ejercicio, ante un tribunal nacional, de una acción dirigida a obtener una indemnización del mismo perjuicio que el invocado ante el juez de la Unión no supone repercusiones únicamente en materia de admisibilidad. Repercute también en el examen de la fundamentación del recurso de indemnización sometido al juez de la Unión. 79. Según la jurisprudencia, cuando, en primer lugar, una persona ha ejercitado dos acciones con objeto de obtener la indemnización de un único y mismo perjuicio, una contra una autoridad nacional ante un tribunal nacional y otra contra una institución o un órgano de la Unión ante el juez de la Unión y, en segundo lugar, existe un riesgo de que dicha persona obtenga una indemnización insuficiente o abusiva a causa de apreciaciones diferentes de dicho perjuicio por los dos órganos jurisdiccionales a los que acudió, el juez de la Unión, antes de pronunciarse sobre el perjuicio, debe esperar a que el tribunal nacional se haya pronunciado sobre la acción ejercitada ante él mediante una resolución que ponga fin a la instancia (véanse, en este sentido, las sentencias del Tribunal de Justicia de 14 de julio de 1967, Kampffmeyer y otros/Comisión, 5/66, 7/66 y 13/66 a 24/66, Rec. pp. 317 y ss., especialmente p. 344; de 30 de noviembre de 1967, Becher/Comisión, 30/66, Rec. pp. 369 y ss., especialmente pp. 389 y 390, y del Tribunal General de 13 de diciembre de 2006, É.R. y otros/Consejo y Comisión, T‐138/03, Rec. p. II‐4923, apartado 42). 80. Por lo tanto, en tal supuesto, el juez de la Unión está obligado a esperar a que el juez nacional se haya pronunciado antes de resolver sobre la existencia y la cuantía del perjuicio. En esta espera, tampoco puede pronunciarse, por lo tanto, sobre la relación de causalidad entre el comportamiento reprochado a la Unión y el perjuicio invocado. En cambio, puede determinar, incluso antes de que se pronuncie al respecto el juez nacional, si el comportamiento reprochado puede generar la responsabilidad extracontractual de la Unión. Por lo demás, en el asunto que dio lugar a la sentencia Kampffmeyer y otros/Comisión, citada en el apartado 79 supra (Rec. p. 339), antes de suspender el procedimiento, el Tribunal de Justicia se pronunció sobre la existencia de una «falta de servicio que podía generar la responsabilidad de la Comunidad». 81. En el caso de autos, puesto que la demandante ha ejercitado una acción, aún pendiente ante un tribunal rumano, para ser indemnizada por el mismo perjuicio que el invocado en el marco del presente recurso, el Tribunal tiene intención de reservar el examen del perjuicio y de la relación de causalidad. 82. No obstante, el Tribunal señala que se encuentra en condiciones de pronunciarse sobre las cuestiones previas a dicho examen. 83. En particular, puede apreciar la legalidad de los dos comportamientos de la Comisión invocados por la demandante en apoyo de las pretensiones de indemnización que formuló en el ámbito de la responsabilidad por actuación culposa. Además, si desestimase esas primeras pretensiones de indemnización, podría pronunciarse también sobre el cumplimiento de los requisitos de generación de la responsabilidad por acción culposa, suponiendo que exista tal régimen de responsabilidad en el Derecho de la Unión. Sobre el fondo 84. La demandante persigue la responsabilidad de la Unión en dos ámbitos diferentes: invoca, con carácter principal, la responsabilidad por acción culposa de la Unión, es decir, la responsabilidad derivada de un comportamiento ilegal y, con carácter subsidiario, la responsabilidad objetiva, es decir, la responsabilidad derivada de un comportamiento lícito. 85. A continuación se examinan estos dos ámbitos, sucesivamente. I. Sobre la responsabilidad por acción culposa 86. Conforme a reiterada jurisprudencia, la generación de la responsabilidad extracontractual de la Unión está supeditada a la concurrencia de una serie de requisitos, a saber, primero, la imputabilidad del comportamiento reprochado a una institución o a un órgano de la Unión; segundo, la ilegalidad de dicho comportamiento; tercero, la existencia de un perjuicio, y cuarto, la existencia de una relación directa de causalidad entre dicho comportamiento y el perjuicio alegado. En el supuesto de que no se cumpla alguno de tales requisitos, deberá desestimarse el recurso en su totalidad, sin que sea necesario examinar si se cumplen los demás requisitos (véase la sentencia del Tribunal de 10 de julio de 2012, Interspeed/Comisión, T‐587/10, apartado 38, y la jurisprudencia citada). 87. Para cumplir el requisito sobre la ilegalidad del comportamiento reprochado, la jurisprudencia exige que se demuestre una violación suficientemente caracterizada de una norma jurídica que tenga por objeto conferir derechos a los particulares. A este respecto, es preciso recordar que el régimen establecido por la jurisprudencia en materia de responsabilidad extracontractual de la Unión tiene en cuenta, entre otros aspectos, la complejidad de las situaciones que deben ser reguladas, las dificultades de aplicación o de interpretación de los textos y, más particularmente, el margen de apreciación de que dispone el autor del acto controvertido. El criterio decisivo para considerar suficientemente caracterizada una violación del Derecho de la Unión es la inobservancia manifiesta y grave, por parte de la institución de que se trate, de los límites impuestos a su facultad de apreciación. Cuando dicha institución sólo dispone de un margen de apreciación considerablemente reducido, o incluso inexistente, la mera infracción del Derecho de la Unión puede bastar para demostrar la existencia de una violación suficientemente caracterizada (sentencias del Tribunal de Justicia de 4 de julio de 2000, Bergaderm y Goupil/Comisión, C‐352/98 P, Rec. p. I‐5291, apartados 40 y 42 a 44, y de 10 de diciembre de 2002, Comisión/Camar y Tico, C‐312/00 P, Rec. p. I‐11355, apartados 52 a 55). 88. Procede examinar, a la luz de estas consideraciones, la legalidad de los dos comportamientos distintos que, como se ha dicho en el anterior apartado 59, reprocha la demandante a la Comisión. A. Primer comportamiento reprochado, correspondiente a la negativa a revelar la localización de los derechos de emisión presuntamente robados el 16 de noviembre de 2010 1. Existencia del primer comportamiento reprochado 89. Es cierto que ninguno de los escritos dirigidos a la Comisión en nombre de la demandante, y que figuran en los autos, contiene solicitud alguna que tenga expresamente por objeto que la Comisión revele la localización de los derechos de emisión presuntamente robados el 16 de noviembre de 2010. 90. Sin embargo, es preciso señalar que la Comisión indicó espontáneamente a la demandante, en sus escritos de fechas 14 y 22 de diciembre de 2010, que cualquier «información [relativa al comercio de derechos de emisión] es confidencial durante cinco años». 91. Por lo demás, de los documentos de los autos se desprende que, el 21 de febrero de 2011, la demandante solicitó al presidente del Tribunal de première instance de Bruxelles que conminase a la Comisión a «comunicar la identidad del titular o titulares» de las cuentas en las que aparecían los derechos de emisión que, en su opinión, le habían robado el 16 de noviembre de 2010 (véase el anterior apartado 30). En otras palabras, la demandante solicitó que se conminase a la Comisión a revelar la localización de los derechos de emisión presuntamente robados. 92. Pues bien, aun cuando tal solicitud se había dirigido al presidente del Tribunal de première instance de Bruxelles y no a la Comisión, resulta que, mediante su escrito de 7 de abril de 2011 (véase el anterior apartado 36), esta última consideró oportuno responder a ella. En efecto, en dicho escrito se puntualiza que los datos relativos a las transacciones registradas en el diario independiente de transacciones comunitario son confidenciales y que, «conforme a una práctica consolidada», la Comisión únicamente los facilita a las autoridades nacionales encargadas de aplicar la ley, previa petición debidamente justificada. Es cierto que este escrito de 7 de abril de 2011 no se dirigía a la demandante, sino a otra sociedad del mismo grupo, y que no hacía referencia a la solicitud formulada por la demandante en el marco del procedimiento incoado ante el Tribunal de première instance de Bruxelles. Sin embargo, no lo es menos que aportaba indirectamente una respuesta a dicha solicitud. 93. En estas circunstancias, es necesario concluir que la Comisión se negó a estimar la solicitud de la demandante relativa a la revelación de la localización de los derechos de emisión presuntamente robados el 16 de noviembre de 2010. Por lo tanto, queda demostrada la existencia del primer comportamiento. 2. Legalidad del primer comportamiento reprochado 94. A fin de demostrar la ilegalidad del primer comportamiento reprochado, a saber, la negativa de la Comisión a revelarle directamente información confidencial, la demandante invocó, en esencia, siete motivos. a) Primer motivo, basado en la infracción del artículo 10, apartado 1, del Reglamento no 2216/2004 Alegaciones de la demandante 95. Mediante el primer motivo, la demandante alega, en esencia, que la Comisión infringió el artículo 10 del Reglamento no 2216/2004, que establece las reglas aplicables en materia de confidencialidad, al negarse a revelarle información relativa a los derechos de emisión presuntamente robados. 96. En apoyo de este motivo, manifiesta que la Comisión estaba obligada a revelarle información confidencial que permitiera la recuperación de derechos de emisión presuntamente robados. En su opinión, el artículo 10 del Reglamento no 2216/2004 autoriza la revelación de información confidencial cuando resulta necesario para aplicar los requisitos establecidos en dicho Reglamento, en la Directiva 2003/87 y en la legislación nacional. Pues bien, considera que, precisamente, la revelación de información relativa a derechos de emisión robados resulta necesaria para la «aplicación» de tales requisitos y constituye una «condición de la llevanza de los registros». 97. Para justificar su posición, la demandante alega que el artículo 20 de la Directiva 2003/87 confía a los servicios de la Comisión designados para llevar el diario independiente de transacciones comunitario la función de detectar y resolver posibles irregularidades que afecten a las transacciones, como los robos. Pues bien, tal función no podría llevarse a cabo si no se diera ninguna información a las «víctimas de dichas irregularidades». Por lo tanto, considera que revelar información relativa a unas cuentas «con objeto de recuperar derechos de emisión robados» cumple los requisitos del artículo 20 de la Directiva 2003/87. 98. Por último, la demandante sostiene que la Comisión ciertamente declaró que aceptaba «revelar la información a las “autoridades [de los Estados miembros] encargadas de la aplicación de la ley”», pero excluyó que los tribunales civiles, y en concreto el presidente del Tribunal de première instance de Bruxelles, constituyesen tales autoridades. Pues bien, considera que esta posición «no está justificada y constituye, en sí, una desviación de poder» («misuse of powers», en inglés). Añade que la Comisión no ha respondido «realmente», hasta la fecha, a la «comisión rogatoria enviada por las autoridades penales rumanas [...] el 13 de enero de 2011». Fundamento de las alegaciones de la demandante 99. Para responder al primer motivo, es preciso, previamente, recordar lo dispuesto en el artículo 10 del Reglamento no 2216/2004 e interpretarlo. – Disposiciones del artículo 10 del Reglamento no 2216/2004 vigentes en la fecha de los hechos reprochados a la Comisión 100. Con carácter preliminar, es preciso señalar que, en la fecha en la que debe considerarse que la Comisión se negó a revelar la información que la demandante solicitaba, esto es, a más tardar el 7 de abril de 2011 (véase el anterior apartado 92), el artículo 10 del Reglamento no 2216/2004 estaba aún vigente. En su opinión, si bien el artículo 91, apartado 2, del Reglamento (CE) no 994/2008 de la Comisión, de 8 de octubre de 2008, relativo a un sistema normalizado y garantizado de registros de conformidad con la Directiva 2003/87 y la Decisión no 280/2004/CE del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo (DO L 271, p. 3), derogó el Reglamento no 2216/2004, retrasó asimismo el efecto de dicha derogación al 1 de enero de 2012. 101. El artículo 10, apartado 1, del Reglamento no 2216/2004 no registró variaciones antes de ser derogado, el 1 de enero de 2012. Dispone que «toda la información contenida en los registros y en el [diario independiente de transacciones comunitario], lo cual incluye los haberes de todas las cuentas y la totalidad de las transacciones efectuadas, se considerará confidencial para cualquier efecto que no sea la aplicación de los requisitos establecidos en el presente Reglamento, en la Directiva 2003/87/CE o en la legislación nacional.» 102. La redacción del artículo 10, apartados 2 a 2 sexies , del Reglamento no 2216/2004 aplicable en la fecha del primer comportamiento reprochado resultaba, por su parte, de las modificaciones realizadas por el artículo 78, número 2, del Reglamento (UE) no 920/2010 de la Comisión, de 7 de octubre de 2010, relativo a un sistema normalizado y garantizado de registros de conformidad con la Directiva 2003/87 y la Decisión no 280/2004/CE del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo (DO L 270, p. 1), modificaciones que habían entrado en vigor el 15 de octubre de 2010, conforme al artículo 80 de dicho Reglamento. 103. Así pues, en su redacción aplicable al litigio, el artículo 10, apartados 2 a 2 sexies , del Reglamento no 2216/2004 dispone lo siguiente: «2. Podrán obtener datos conservados en los registros y en el [diario independiente de transacciones comunitario] las entidades siguientes: a) los cuerpos y fuerzas de seguridad y las autoridades fiscales de los Estados miembros; b) la [OLAF]; c) Europol; d) los administradores de registro de los Estados miembros. 2 bis . Podrán proporcionarse datos de las transacciones a las entidades enumeradas en el apartado 2 previa solicitud al Administrador Central o a un administrador de registro siempre que las solicitudes estén debidamente justificadas y sean necesarias con fines de investigación, detección y represión del fraude, administración fiscal o aplicación de la legislación fiscal, blanqueo de capitales, financiación del terrorismo o delitos graves. 2 ter . La entidad que reciba datos de conformidad con el apartado 2 bis velará por que los datos recibidos se utilicen exclusivamente para los fines declarados en la solicitud de conformidad con el apartado 2 bis y no sean puestos a disposición, de forma deliberada o accidental, de personas no relacionadas con la finalidad prevista de la utilización de los datos. La presente disposición no impedirá que estas entidades pongan los datos a disposición de otras entidades enumeradas en el apartado 2, en caso de que resulte necesario para los fines declarados en la solicitud formulada de conformidad con el apartado 2 bis . 2 quater . Cuando lo soliciten, el Administrador Central podrá proporcionar acceso a datos anónimos de transacciones a las entidades enumeradas en el apartado 2 con el fin de localizar tipos de transacciones sospechosas. Estas entidades podrán notificar tipos de transacciones sospechosas a otras entidades enumeradas en el apartado 2. 2 quinquies . Los administradores de registro facilitarán a los demás administradores de registro, a través de medios seguros, los nombres e identidades de las personas a las que hayan denegado la apertura de una cuenta o a las que hayan denegado la designación como representante autorizado o representante autorizado adicional. 2 sexies . Los administradores de registro podrán decidir notificar a los cuerpos y fuerzas de seguridad nacionales todas las transacciones que impliquen un número de unidades superior a la cantidad determinada por el administrador de registro y notificar cualquier cuenta que participe, en un plazo de 24 horas, en un número de transacciones superior a la cantidad determinada por el administrador de registro.» 104. Por último, la redacción del artículo 10, apartado 3, del Reglamento no 2216/2004 aplicable en la fecha del primer comportamiento reprochado resultaba de una modificación realizada por el artículo 1, número 6, del Reglamento no 916/2007. 105. De este modo, en su redacción aplicable al litigio, el artículo 10, apartado 3, del Reglamento no 2216/2004 establece lo siguiente: «La autoridad competente y el administrador de registro solo efectuarán procesos relativos a los derechos de emisión, las emisiones verificadas, [...] las cuentas o las unidades de Kioto en los casos en los que resulte necesario para la realización de las funciones que les son propias.» – Interpretación del artículo 10 del Reglamento no 2216/2004 106. El artículo 10 del Reglamento no 2216/2004 responde a la voluntad de preservar el secreto comercial. Establece como norma que se considerará confidencial toda la información contenida en los registros y en el [diario independiente de transacciones comunitario], lo cual incluye los haberes de todas las cuentas y la totalidad de las transacciones efectuadas. 107. Una primera excepción a esta norma se establece en el apartado 1 del artículo 10 del Reglamento no 2216/2004. Esta excepción se refiere al supuesto de que la revelación de tal información tenga por finalidad la aplicación de los requisitos del Reglamento no 2216/2004, de la Directiva 2003/87 o de la legislación nacional. Ahora bien, debe interpretarse en sentido restrictivo, al igual que toda excepción a una regla general (véase la sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia de 29 de septiembre de 2011, Comisión/Irlanda, C‐82/10, no publicada en la Recopilación, apartado 44, y la jurisprudencia citada). Como consecuencia, es preciso considerar que comprende únicamente dos situaciones. La primera es aquella en la que la revelación de la información contenida en los registros y en el diario independiente de transacciones comunitario se exige expresamente en una disposición de la Directiva 2003/87 o del Reglamento no 2216/2004 o en una norma nacional conforme al Derecho de la Unión. La segunda situación es aquella en la que la revelación de dicha información es indispensable para la correcta aplicación de tales disposiciones. Por otra parte, es preciso observar que dicha excepción únicamente beneficia, en principio, a las autoridades que tengan prerrogativas de poder público, a quienes, por ello, se les puede conferir la «aplicación» de las disposiciones del Reglamento no 2216/2004 y de la Directiva 2003/87 o de la legislación nacional dirigida a transponer o aplicar dichas normas de la Unión. 108. Los apartados 2, 2 bis , 2 ter y 2 quater del artículo 10 del Reglamento no 2216/2004 establecen una segunda excepción a la regla de que la información contenida en los registros y en el diario independiente de transacciones comunitario es confidencial. 109. Se establece expresamente, en el apartado 2, que dicha excepción sólo es aplicable a los cuerpos y fuerzas de seguridad de los Estados miembros, a las autoridades fiscales de los Estados miembros, a la OLAF, a Europol y a los administradores de registro de los Estados miembros. 110. Por otra parte, sólo se aplica, según el apartado 2 bis , en el supuesto de que dichas entidades hayan presentado una solicitud para obtener información contenida en los registros y en el diario independiente de transacciones comunitario. Dicha solicitud debe estar debidamente motivada. Por su parte, la información solicitada debe ser necesaria para la represión de delitos o infracciones o para la determinación de la base imponible del impuesto o su recaudación. 111. Por último, el apartado 2 ter no prohíbe que una entidad que obtiene información de conformidad con el apartado 2 bis pueda, a su vez, revelarla a las personas físicas o jurídicas directamente afectadas por las consideraciones penales o fiscales enunciadas en la solicitud. En efecto, el artículo 10, apartado 2 ter , primera frase, «[obliga a toda entidad] que reciba datos de conformidad con el apartado 2 bis [a velar] por que los datos recibidos se utilicen exclusivamente para los fines declarados en la solicitud de conformidad con el apartado 2 bis y no sean puestos a disposición, de forma deliberada o accidental, de personas no relacionadas con la finalidad prevista de la utilización de los datos». De ello hay que deducir, mediante una interpretación a contrario , que las personas «relacionadas con la utilización de los datos» invocada en la solicitud presentada de conformidad con el apartado 2 bis pueden obtener dichos datos de las entidades que presentaron dicha solicitud. 112. Sin embargo, es necesario subrayar que la mera condición de persona relacionada con la utilización de los datos mencionada en una solicitud presentada de conformidad con el apartado 2 bis no confiere un derecho incondicional a obtener tales datos. Su revelación a una persona que presente tal condición constituye una mera facultad otorgada a la entidad que presentó dicha solicitud: corresponde a esta entidad apreciar, habida cuenta, en particular, de los elementos fácticos de que disponga y del Derecho nacional aplicable, si debe llevarse a cabo tal revelación. 113. Así pues, cuando una autoridad penal, como aquella a la que acudió la demandante el 25 de noviembre de 2010 (véase el anterior apartado 25), ha obtenido, en su condición de «cuerpos y fuerzas de seguridad», información confidencial contenida en los registros y en el diario independiente de transacciones comunitario que, en su opinión, era necesaria para identificar a los autores de un delito o de una infracción, el artículo 10 del Reglamento no 2216/2004 no le prohíbe revelarla a una persona física o jurídica que, como la demandante, tenga la condición de víctima de la presunta infracción penal. Visto el artículo 10, apartado 2 ter , del Reglamento no 2216/2004, no puede sino estimarse que tal persona está «relacionada» con las consideraciones invocadas, a fin de obtener la supresión de la confidencialidad. 114. El apartado 2 quinquies del artículo 10 del Reglamento no 2216/2004 instaura una tercera excepción a la regla de confidencialidad, aplicable únicamente a los administradores de registros. Les autoriza a transmitirse mutuamente determinada información. 115. Por último, el apartado 2 sexies del artículo 10 del Reglamento no 2216/2004 instituye una cuarta excepción a la regla de confidencialidad: autoriza a los administradores de registros a notificar a los cuerpos y fuerzas de seguridad nacionales, por un lado, las transacciones cuya magnitud supere un determinado umbral y, por otro, las cuentas que participen en un número de transacciones diarias superior a un determinado umbral. – Aplicación al presente caso 116. En primer lugar, el artículo 20 de la Directiva 2003/87 establece, por un lado, que el Administrador Central designado por la Comisión «controlará, de manera automatizada» cada transacción en los registros, para comprobar que no se producen «irregularidades» en las operaciones relativas a los derechos de emisión, y, por otro lado, que, cuando se haya detectado una «irregularidad», dicha autoridad informará de ello al Estado miembro o Estados miembros interesados (véase el posterior apartado 148). Pues bien, contrariamente a lo que sostiene la demandante en el anterior apartado 97, ni el citado artículo ni —por lo demás— ninguna otra disposición de la Directiva 2003/87 o del Reglamento no 2216/2004 establecen expresamente que la Comisión pueda revelar información relativa a derechos presuntamente robados a la supuesta víctima del robo. Del mismo modo, ni se ha demostrado ni siquiera alegado que una norma aplicable en un Estado miembro contenga tal disposición. 117. Por otra parte, no se ha demostrado que tal supresión de la confidencialidad sea indispensable para la correcta aplicación de una disposición de la Directiva 2003/87 o del Reglamento no 2216/2004 o de una norma aplicable en un Estado miembro. En particular, no resulta necesaria para la correcta aplicación del artículo 20 de la Directiva 2003/87, invocado por la demandante. 118. En estas circunstancias, la demandante no puede acogerse a la excepción ratione materiae a la regla de confidencialidad establecida en el artículo 10, apartado 1, del Reglamento no 2216/2004 (y recordada en el anterior apartado 107). 119. En segundo lugar, puede señalarse, a mayor abundamiento, que la demandante es una sociedad anónima rumana. Como tal, no puede invocar válidamente la excepción ratione personae enunciada en el artículo 10, apartado 2, del Reglamento no 2216/2004 (y recordada en el anterior apartado 108). 120. En tercer lugar, mediante la alegación recogida en el anterior apartado 98, la demandante aduce, en esencia, que la Comisión se negó ilegalmente a revelar información confidencial a una autoridad judicial civil, a saber, el presidente del Tribunal de première instance de Bruxelles, y no efectuó «realmente» tal revelación a una autoridad judicial penal, a saber, el Ministerio Fiscal rumano. En su opinión, tales negativas le habían impedido poder acceder, posteriormente, a dicha información confidencial de conformidad con el artículo 10, apartado 2 ter , del Reglamento no 2216/2004, tal y como se interpreta en los anteriores apartados 108 y 113. 121. No obstante, por un lado, de las manifestaciones realizadas en el escrito de contestación a la demanda, apoyadas por un documento interno de la Comisión que ésta presentó en respuesta a una pregunta formulada por escrito del Tribunal, se desprende que el 7 de abril de 2011, la OLAF —que, en virtud del artículo 2 de la Decisión 1999/352/CE, CECA, Euratom de la Comisión, de 28 de abril de 1999, por la que se crea la Oficina Europea de Lucha contra el Fraude (OLAF) (DO L 136, p. 20), se encarga concretamente, «de efectuar investigaciones administrativas internas [a la Comisión] cuya finalidad será: [...] luchar contra el fraude» y «de aportar la ayuda de la Comisión a la cooperación con los Estados miembros en el ámbito de la lucha contra el fraude»— respondió a la solicitud remitida por el Ministerio Fiscal rumano mediante comisión rogatoria (véase el anterior apartado 37). Pues bien, tales manifestaciones realizadas en el escrito de contestación a la demanda, lejos de ser contradichas, son plenamente corroboradas por la propia demanda. En efecto, si bien la demandante alega, en el punto 93 del escrito de demanda, que no se respondió «realmente» a la solicitud remitida mediante comisión rogatoria (véase el anterior apartado 98), admite en paralelo la existencia de tal respuesta en el punto 53 de la demanda. Además, suponiendo que, mediante la alegación expuesta en el punto 93 de la demanda, la demandante haya criticado la pertinencia de la respuesta dada, por cuenta de la Comisión, por la OLAF a la solicitud de que se trata, es preciso señalar que no ha aportado prueba alguna en apoyo de tal alegación. Además, ni siquiera ha puntualizado por qué motivo, en su opinión, la respuesta ofrecida por la OLAF al Ministerio Fiscal rumano era inadecuada o insuficiente, y ello, siendo así que la Comisión precisó, en su escrito de contestación, el volumen de la información remitida, por su cuenta, por la OLAF (véase el anterior apartado 37). En estas circunstancias, la demandante no puede alegar que la Comisión se negó a revelar información al Ministerio Fiscal rumano invocando su confidencialidad. 122. Por otro lado, el artículo 10 del Reglamento no 2216/2004 no autorizaba a la Comisión a revelar al presidente del Tribunal de première instance de Bruxelles datos confidenciales contenidos en los registros. En efecto, como juez de medidas provisionales, este último no tenía la condición de «cuerpos y fuerzas de seguridad» en el sentido del apartado 2, letra a), de dicho artículo (véase el anterior apartado 103). No estaba encargado, en concreto, de ninguna investigación relativa a los derechos de emisión presuntamente robados. 123. Por lo demás, no es exacto alegar, como hace la demandante, que la Comisión se negó a revelar información confidencial a una autoridad judicial civil de un Estado miembro, como el presidente del Tribunal de première instance de Bruxelles: únicamente se negó a revelar directamente dicha información a la demandante a requerimiento de dicha autoridad judicial belga. 124. A este respecto, es preciso señalar que, en su escrito presentado el 21 de febrero de 2011 ante el Tribunal de première instance de Bruxelles, el abogado de la Comisión indicó lo siguiente: «La Unión siempre ha dicho que estaba dispuesta a responder a las preguntas debidamente motivadas que le dirigieran las autoridades estatales, pero no es esto a lo que tiende la demanda de la parte contraria [...] una cosa es proporcionar información a un magistrado, a la policía [...], y otra proporcionar dicha información a una sociedad comercial, que es el objeto de la demanda —aun cuando ésta se presente ante un juez—: suponiendo que se estime, la Unión [...] no debería procurar la información requerida al Presidente [del Tribunal de première instance de Bruxelles] que actúa como juez de medidas provisionales, sino a la parte demandante.» 125. En otras palabras, la Comisión alegó, a través de su abogado, que aceptaba transmitir, con arreglo al artículo 10, apartado 2, del Reglamento no 2216/2004, información confidencial relativa a derechos de emisión, en concreto, a las autoridades judiciales nacionales. Pero puntualizó que una demanda como la de medidas provisionales presentada por la demandante ante el Tribunal de première instance de Bruxelles (véase el anterior apartado 30), no tenía por objeto la revelación de información confidencial a tales autoridades, sino su revelación directa a una «sociedad comercial», de modo que, en su opinión, no podía estimarse. 126. Como consecuencia, el primer motivo carece de fundamento. b) Segundo motivo, basado en el incumplimiento de las obligaciones derivadas del Protocolo de Kioto Alegaciones de las partes 127. Mediante el segundo motivo, la demandante sostiene que, tal y como se ha interpretado en el anterior apartado 107, el artículo 10, apartado 1, del Reglamento no 2216/2004 conculca lo dispuesto en el apartado 47 del anexo de la Decisión 13/CMP.1, mencionada en el anterior apartado 5. De este modo, propone una excepción de ilegalidad. 128. En apoyo de ésta, manifiesta que el apartado 47 del anexo de la Decisión 13/CMP.1 enumera la información que debe hacerse accesible al público «conforme al apartado 44». Pues bien, en su opinión, en ella figurarían «determinados datos de las cuentas individuales». 129. Además, sostiene que «no podía razonablemente esperar que la Comisión [...] interpretase sus obligaciones de manera desproporcionada e incoherente respecto de [...] los compromisos contraídos [...] en el marco del Protocolo de Kioto», como la Decisión 13/CMP.1, y de ello deduce que se violó el principio de protección de la confianza legítima. 130. En su escrito de contestación a la demanda, la Comisión alega, por su parte, que el anexo de la Decisión 13/CMP.1 no forma parte del ordenamiento jurídico de la Unión porque ésta no la ha aprobado. Fundamentación del motivo 131. Aun suponiendo que el anexo de la Decisión 13/CMP.1 forme parte del ordenamiento jurídico de la Unión y pueda ser invocado ante el Tribunal, procede desestimar el segundo motivo por las razones que se exponen a continuación. – Primera razón 132. El apartado 44 del anexo de la Decisión 13/CMP.1 establece que «la información no confidencial consignada en cada registro nacional será puesta a disposición del público», mientras que el apartado 47 de dicho anexo, que invoca la demandante, dispone: «La información mencionada en el apartado 44 [...] incluirá la siguiente información sobre las unidades poseídas y las transacciones efectuadas contenida en el registro nacional [...]: a) La cantidad total de [unidades de Kioto (es decir, de URE, URCE, UCA y UAB), definidas como se ha precisado en el anterior apartado 4] contenidas en cada cuenta a principios de año. b) La cantidad total de UCA entregadas sobre la base de la cantidad atribuida [...]. c) La cantidad total de URE entregadas sobre la base [de determinados proyectos]. d) La cantidad total de [unidades de Kioto] adquiridas de otros registros y los elementos de identificación de las cuentas y registros de origen. e) La cantidad total de UAB entregadas sobre la base de [determinadas actividades]. f) La cantidad total de [unidades de Kioto] transferidas a otros registros y los elementos de identificación de las cuentas y registros de destino. g) La cantidad total de [unidades de Kioto] canceladas sobre la base [de determinadas actividades]. h) La cantidad total de [unidades de Kioto] canceladas [regularmente]. i) La cantidad total de otras [unidades de Kioto] canceladas. j) La cantidad total de [unidades de Kioto] retiradas. k) La cantidad total de [unidades de Kioto] trasladadas del período de compromiso anterior. l) Las [unidades de Kioto] contenidas en cada cuenta en el momento considerado.» 133. Como resulta de sus propios términos, el apartado 47 del anexo de la Decisión 13/CMP.1 no califica de «no confidencial» a la información cuya lista proporciona. 134. Si, pese a esta circunstancia, se admitiera que dicho apartado 47 sólo se refería a información no confidencial por naturaleza, no quedaría apenas información que pudiera considerarse confidencial en un registro nacional. En efecto, cada unidad de Kioto dispone —en virtud de los apartados 24, 27, 29 y 41, letra b), del anexo de la Decisión 13/CMP.1— de un número de serie propio. Por consiguiente, si se admitiera que toda la información mencionada en el apartado 47 de ese mismo anexo es no confidencial por naturaleza, ello significaría concretamente que, en virtud del mismo apartado 47, cualquier persona podría conocer qué unidades de Kioto figuran en una cuenta determinada en un momento dado y podría determinar, mediante un análisis de los datos puestos a su disposición, de dónde proceden dichas unidades. Como consecuencia, tal interpretación del apartado 47 del anexo de la Decisión 13/CMP.1 vaciaría de contenido al apartado 44, que únicamente autoriza la revelación al público de la información no confidencial consignada en los registros. 135. En estas circunstancias, es preciso considerar que la información mencionada en el apartado 47 constituye información que debe ponerse a disposición del público, con arreglo al apartado 44, pero únicamente cuando presente carácter no confidencial. 136. Pues bien, el anexo de la Decisión 13/CMP.1 no puntualiza los criterios con arreglo a los cuales una Parte del Protocolo de Kioto puede considerar no confidencial una información que figura en el apartado 47. 137. Como consecuencia, la demandante no puede invocar válidamente el apartado 47 del anexo de la Decisión 13/CMP.1 para demostrar que la información que solicitaba presentaba carácter no confidencial. – Segunda razón 138. Los apartados 44 y 47 de la Decisión 13/CMP.1 sólo se refieren a la revelación al público de información relativa a las unidades de Kioto. No tratan de la revelación al público de información relativa a los derechos de emisión instituidos en virtud de la Directiva 2003/87 y del Reglamento no 2216/2004. 139. Pues bien, en primer lugar, las unidades de Kioto y los derechos de emisión tienen distinta naturaleza. 140. En efecto, como se ha señalado en el anterior apartado 10, el artículo 45, párrafos primero y segundo, del Reglamento no 2216/2004 dispone que un derecho de emisión se obtiene mediante «conversión» de una UCA, conversión que se produce mediante la inclusión del elemento relativo al derecho de emisión en el código de identificación de la UCA. La necesidad de tal «conversión» revela que un derecho de emisión y una UCA son diferentes, en particular, desde el punto de vista de la aplicación de las reglas de confidencialidad. 141. Además, como se ha precisado en el anterior apartado 11, el artículo 11 bis de la Directiva 2003/87 ofrece, con determinadas reservas, a los titulares de instalaciones comprendidas en el ámbito de aplicación del régimen comunitario de comercio de derechos de emisión de gases de efecto invernadero la posibilidad de obtener derechos de emisión «a cambio» de URE o de URCE. Pues bien, esta circunstancia pone de manifiesto que los derechos de emisión tienen una naturaleza distinta de las URE y de las URCE, en particular por lo que se refiere a la aplicación de las reglas de confidencialidad. 142. Por último, más en general, el Reglamento no 2216/2004 pone cuidado en distinguir las reglas aplicables a los derechos de emisión de aquellas relativas a las unidades de Kioto. Así, no agrupa, por un lado, los derechos de emisión y, por otro, las unidades de Kioto bajo un único vocablo. Como ejemplo, es preciso señalar que el artículo 11, apartado 5, del Reglamento no 2216/2004 establece que, «salvo disposición contraria, en todas las cuentas [contenidas en registros] se podrán depositar derechos de emisión y unidades de Kioto». 143. En segundo lugar, las unidades de Kioto y los derechos de emisión responden a finalidades diferentes. 144. Por un lado, de los apartados 1 a 4 del anexo de la Decisión 13/CMP.1 se desprende que las unidades de Kioto se entregan con arreglo al Protocolo de Kioto o a decisiones adoptadas para su aplicación. Pues bien, como se desprende de su artículo 3, apartado 1, mencionado en el anterior apartado 3, dicho Protocolo, así como las decisiones adoptadas para su aplicación, sólo crean obligaciones para los Estados y las organizaciones interestatales que son Partes de él. Por lo tanto, las unidades de Kioto son instrumentos de los que se pueden servir dichos Estados y organizaciones interestatales para cumplir sus obligaciones derivadas del Protocolo de Kioto. 145. Por otro lado, los derechos de emisión se crearon en virtud de la Directiva 2003/87 y del Reglamento no 2216/2004. Pues bien, estos textos crean obligaciones para las personas físicas y jurídicas comprendidas en su ámbito de aplicación, es decir, para aquellas que ejercen actividades contempladas en el anexo I de la Directiva 2003/87. Por lo tanto, los derechos de emisión constituyen instrumentos que han sido creados únicamente por la normativa de la Unión y que se destinan, en primer término, a esas personas físicas y jurídicas. Constituyen elementos del patrimonio de dichas personas, cuya utilización puede responder a una lógica comercial. 146. Como consecuencia, dado que la única información cuya revelación denegó la Comisión, mediante su escrito de 4 de abril de 2011, a la demandante se refería a derechos de emisión, es inútil que la demandante alegue que el artículo 10 del Reglamento no 2216/2004 conculca el apartado 47 de la Decisión 13/CMP.1, el cual se refería únicamente, como se ha señalado, a las unidades de Kioto. En estas circunstancias, además, la alegación mencionada en el anterior apartado 129 no puede prosperar. c) Tercer motivo, basado en la infracción de los artículos 19 y 20 de la Directiva 2003/87 147. A tenor del artículo 19, apartados 2 y 3, de la Directiva 2003/87: «2. Cualquier persona podrá ser titular de derechos de emisión. El registro será accesible al público y constará de cuentas separadas donde se registrarán los derechos de emisión de que sea titular cada persona a la que se expidan o transfieran, o de la que se transfieran derechos de emisión. 3. Para aplicar la presente Directiva, la Comisión adoptará [...] un reglamento relativo a un régimen normalizado y garantizado de registros nacionales, en forma de bases de datos electrónicas normalizadas, que consten de elementos comunes de información que permitan realizar el seguimiento de la expedición, la titularidad, la transferencia y la cancelación de los derechos de emisión, y que garanticen, en su caso, el acceso del público y la confidencialidad, y aseguren que no se produzcan transferencias incompatibles con las obligaciones derivadas del Protocolo de Kioto.» 148. A tenor del artículo 20 de esta misma Directiva: «[...] 2. El Administrador Central [designado por la Comisión] controlará, de manera automatizada, cada transacción en los registros mediante el registro independiente de transacciones, para comprobar que no se producen irregularidades en la expedición, la transferencia y la cancelación de derechos de emisión. 3. Si el control automatizado pone de manifiesto irregularidades, el Administrador Central informará de ello al Estado miembro o Estados miembros interesados, los cuales no registrarán las transacciones en cuestión ni ninguna otra transacción relativa a los derechos de emisión correspondientes hasta que no se hayan resuelto las irregularidades.» Alegaciones de la demandante 149. Mediante su tercer motivo, la demandante propone, en esencia, una excepción de ilegalidad. 150. Alega que el artículo 19, apartado 3, de la Directiva 2003/87, que faculta a la Comisión a establecer, mediante reglamento, un «régimen normalizado y garantizado de registros», deja a la Comisión «un cierto margen de apreciación para encontrar un justo equilibrio entre los intereses de publicidad y de confidencialidad», pero que dicho margen de apreciación está enmarcado por «el tenor terminante del artículo 20 de [esta misma Directiva] que trata de las irregularidades y de la oblig ación de ponerles remedio». Añade que, cuando, por un lado, unos derechos de emisión son objeto de transacciones que adolecen de «irregularidades» y, por otro, le han sido señaladas dichas «irregularidades», la Comisión está obligada, en virtud del artículo 20 de la Directiva 2003/87, a revelar la información relativa a tales derechos de emisión. 151. Pues bien, según la demandante, el artículo 10 del Reglamento no 2216/2004 «no reunía los requisitos de los artículos 19 y 20 de la Directiva [2003/87]». En su opinión, estos dos últimos artículos insisten en la seguridad que debe presentar el régimen de comercio de derechos de emisión, mientras que las reglas de la confidencialidad enunciadas en el artículo 10 del Reglamento no 2216/2004 impiden que puedan ser embargados derechos de emisión a petición suya y prohíben, «incluso en el marco de un proceso penal», que se revele información relativa a derechos de emisión al «autor de la denuncia». 152. En estas circunstancias, la demandante estima que, al adoptar el artículo 10 del Reglamento no 2216/2004, «la Comisión resulta manifiestamente culpable de ignorar de forma manifiesta y grave los límites establecidos a su facultad de apreciación». En su opinión, tenía que haberse previsto que la información relativa a un robo de derechos de emisión se revelase a la presunta víctima de dicho robo. Considera que sólo tal previsión podría permitir que se respetase el justo equilibrio, previsto en el artículo 19, apartado 3, de la Directiva 2003/87, entre los «intereses de publicidad y de confidencialidad». Además, manifiesta que «no podía razonablemente esperar que la Comisión se negase a adoptar medidas en caso de irregularidad y/o interpretase sus obligaciones de manera desproporcionada e incoherente respecto del artículo 20 de la Directiva 2003/87 [...]» y de ello deduce que se violó el principio de protección de la confianza legítima. Fundamento de las alegaciones de la demandante 153. En primer lugar, es exacto que el artículo 19, apartado 3, de la Directiva 2003/87 impone que el Reglamento no 2216/2004 «[garantice], en su caso, el acceso del público y la confidencialidad», es decir, que procure un justo equilibrio entre transparencia, por un lado, y confidencialidad, por otro. 154. Sin embargo, precisamente para conciliar esas diversas exigencias y adecuarse así a lo dispuesto en el artículo 19, apartado 3, de la Directiva 2003/87, el artículo 10 del Reglamento no 2216/2004 establece importantes excepciones a la confidencialidad de los datos contenidos en los registros y en el diario independiente de transacciones comunitario. En particular, como se ha dicho en el anterior apartado 113, cuando una autoridad penal, como aquella a la que acudió la demandante el 25 de noviembre de 2010 (véase el anterior apartado 25), ha obtenido información confidencial contenida en los registros y en el diario independiente de transacciones comunitario que, en su opinión, era necesaria para identificar a los autores de un delito o de una infracción, el artículo 10 del Reglamento no 2216/2004 no prohíbe a dicha autoridad penal revelar tal información a una persona física o jurídica que, como la demandante, tenga la condición de víctima de la presunta infracción penal. Este artículo tampoco prohíbe que esa persona, basándose en la información que se le ha revelado, entable luego procedimientos al objeto de embargar determinados derechos de emisión. 155. Consecuencia de lo anterior es que debe rechazarse la alegación relativa a la infracción del artículo 19, apartado 3, de la Directiva 2003/87 por el artículo 10 del Reglamento no 2216/2004. 156. En segundo lugar, el argumento de la demandante se basa en una interpretación inexacta del artículo 20 de la Directiva 2003/87. 157. En efecto, es cierto que dicho artículo impone dos obligaciones, una a cargo del Administrador Central —es decir, de la Comisión— y la otra a cargo de determinados Estados miembros: por un lado, si un «control automatizado» pone de manifiesto irregularidades relativas a una transacción, el Administrador Central debe informar «al Estado miembro o Estados miembros interesados»; por otro lado, una vez que estos últimos han recibido tal información, tienen prohibido registrar dicha transacción o cualquier otra transacción ulterior relativa a los derechos de emisión correspondientes «hasta que no se hayan resuelto las irregularidades». 158. Sin embargo, el artículo 20 de la Directiva 2003/87 no prevé la revelación de la información relativa a una transacción que adolezca de una «irregularidad». A fortiori , no obliga a la Comisión a revelar información relativa a los derechos de emisión objeto de tal transacción. 159. En estas circunstancias, no pueden prosperar ni la alegación relativa a la infracción del artículo 20 de la Directiva 2003/87 por el artículo 10 del Reglamento no 2216/2004, ni la alegación relativa a la violación del principio de protección de la confianza legítima, tal y como se expone en el anterior apartado 152. 160. En consecuencia, procede desestimar el tercer motivo en su totalidad. d) Cuarto motivo, basado en la vulneración del derecho de propiedad Alegaciones de la demandante 161. Mediante su cuarto motivo, la demandante propone, de nuevo, una excepción de ilegalidad. 162. Por un lado, sostiene que el artículo 10 del Reglamento no 2216/2004 menoscaba de manera desproporcionada su derecho de propiedad. En su opinión, las reglas de confidencialidad instauradas por dicho artículo habían impedido a la Comisión actuar, como hubiera debido, «de manera “detenida, pronta, imparcial y atenta”» para ayudarla a esclarecer el robo de derechos de emisión presuntamente sufrido el 16 de noviembre de 2010. Le habían impedido así recuperar sus derechos de emisión y presentaban, por ello, los mismos efectos que una expropiación. 163. Por otro lado, la demandante alega que dichas reglas de confidencialidad, que responden a la voluntad de preservar el secreto comercial y de garantizar la liquidez del mercado, perjudican, contrariamente a lo que indica la Comisión, al buen funcionamiento del régimen de comercio de derechos de emisión. Considera, por lo tanto, que no responden a ningún interés público suficiente. Fundamento de las alegaciones de la demandante 164. El artículo 17, apartado 1, de la Carta de los Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión Europea garantiza el derecho de propiedad. Este derecho no constituye, sin embargo, una prerrogativa absoluta y puede, en consecuencia, ser objeto de limitaciones (véase la sentencia del Tribunal de 28 de mayo de 2013, Trabelsi y otros/Consejo, T‐187/11, apartado 75, y la jurisprudencia citada). 165. En el presente caso, la demandante alega, en esencia, que las reglas de confidencialidad establecidas en el artículo 10 del Reglamento no 2216/2004 le impidieron recuperar unos derechos de emisión robados y, de este modo, restringieron indirectamente el ejercicio de su derecho de propiedad. 166. Sin embargo, aun suponiendo que así fuera, dicha restricción debe considerarse conforme con los requisitos establecidos en el artículo 52, apartado 1, de la Carta de los Derechos Fundamentales según el cual, por un lado, «cualquier limitación del ejercicio de los derechos y libertades reconocidos por la [...] Carta [de los Derechos Fundamentales] deberá ser establecida por la ley y respetar el contenido esencial de dichos derechos y libertades» y, por otro, «dentro del respeto del principio de proporcionalidad sólo podrán introducirse limitaciones cuando sean necesarias y respondan efectivamente a objetivos de interés general reconocidos por la Unión o a la necesidad de protección de los derechos y libertades de los demás». 167. En primer lugar, dichas reglas de confidencialidad están establecidas en el artículo 10 del Reglamento no 2216/2004, adoptado de conformidad con la facultad atribuida en el artículo 19, apartado 3, de la Directiva 2003/87 (véase el anterior apartado 155). Por lo tanto, se las debe considerar establecidas por la ley, en el sentido del artículo 52, apartado 1, de la Carta de los Derechos Fundamentales. 168. En segundo lugar, como se ha señalado en el anterior apartado 106, dichas reglas responden a la voluntad de preservar el secreto comercial, es decir, a un «objetivo de interés general reconocido por la Unión». 169. En tercer lugar, las referidas reglas no establecen exigencias desproporcionadas con respecto al objetivo perseguido. Por un lado, no menoscaban el contenido esencial del derecho de propiedad. En efecto, por sí mismas no vulneran directamente este derecho. Por otro lado, no exceden los límites de lo que resulta apropiado y necesario para alcanzar el objetivo mencionado en el apartado anterior. Como se ha señalado en los anteriores apartados 113 y 154, cuando una autoridad penal, como aquella a la que acudió la demandante, ha obtenido información confidencial contenida en los registros y en el diario independiente de transacciones comunitario que, en su opinión, era necesaria para identificar a los autores de un delito o de una infracción, el artículo 10 del Reglamento no 2216/2004 no le prohíbe revelarla a una persona física o jurídica que, como la demandante, tenga la condición de víctima de la presunta infracción penal. Por otra parte, dicho artículo no prohíbe que tal persona, basándose en la información así revelada, emprenda trámites para recuperar sus derechos de emisión, ni complica indebidamente dicha tarea. 170. Por lo tanto, procede desestimar el cuarto motivo. e) Quinto motivo, basado en la violación del principio de la tutela judicial efectiva 171. Mediante el quinto motivo, la demandante alega que «el comportamiento de la Comisión» vulnera el derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva consagrado en el artículo 47 de la Carta de los Derechos Fundamentales. En su opinión, la Comisión le impidió « de facto [...] entablar las acciones necesarias para recuperar los derechos de emisión [presuntamente] robados», porque «no [sabía] en qué país ni contra quién entablar una acción». 172. Este motivo constituye una excepción de ilegalidad. En esencia, la demandante sostiene que el artículo 10 del Reglamento no 2216/2004 viola el principio de la tutela judicial efectiva, puesto que, según la interpretación que se le ha dado en los anteriores apartados 106 a 115, obliga a la Comisión a no revelar directamente a la demandante información relativa a los derechos de emisión que le habían sido presuntamente robados, lo que le impedía incoar procedimientos judiciales nacionales al objeto de que le devolvieran tales derechos. 173. De este modo, la demandante presupone que, puesto que queda excluido que la Comisión le revele «directamente» información confidencial contenida en los registros y en el diario independiente de transacciones comunitario, no puede incoar procedimientos judiciales dirigidos a la devolución de los derechos que le fueron, presuntamente, robados. 174. Sin embargo, de lo manifestado en los anteriores apartados 113, 154 y 169, se desprende que este argumento se basa en la premisa inexacta de que el artículo 10 del Reglamento no 2216/2004, por un lado, prohíbe al Ministerio Fiscal rumano transmitir a la demandante la información confidencial que puede contener la respuesta de la Comisión a la solicitud presentada mediante comisión rogatoria y, por otro lado, impide a la demandante utilizar la información así obtenida para incoar procedimientos judiciales dirigidos a la devolución de los derechos presuntamente robados. 175. Por lo tanto, procede desestimar el quinto motivo. f) Sexto motivo, basado en la violación del principio de seguridad jurídica 176. Conforme a reiterada jurisprudencia, el principio de seguridad jurídica tiene por finalidad garantizar la previsibilidad de las situaciones y de las relaciones jurídicas comprendidas en el ámbito del Derecho de la Unión (véase la sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia de 15 de septiembre de 2005, Irlanda/Comisión, C‐199/03, Rec. p. I-8027, apartado 69, y la jurisprudencia citada). 177. Mediante el sexto motivo, la demandante propone una nueva excepción de ilegalidad. Alega que una normativa «debe aplicarse con una claridad y una coherencia razonables a fin de evitar en lo posible la inseguridad jurídica y la incertidumbre para los sujetos de Derecho afectados por las medidas adoptadas». Pues bien, a su juicio, «en el presente caso, es manifiesto que la Comisión causó una gran incertidumbre jurídica [toda vez que] se adoptó un enfoque más liberal [en materia de confidencialidad] en el Protocolo de Kioto». 178. Por lo tanto, en esencial la demandante alega que la diferencia de trato existente, en materia de confidencialidad, entre los derechos de emisión y las unidades de Kioto pone de manifiesto una incoherencia y constituye, como consecuencia, una violación del principio de seguridad jurídica. 179. No obstante, los derechos de emisión y las unidades de Kioto no presentan la misma naturaleza (véase el anterior apartado 139). Así pues, aun suponiendo que, como sostiene la demandante, las reglas aplicables en materia de confidencialidad sean diferentes por lo que respecta a los derechos de emisión y a las unidades de Kioto, ello no altera la previsibilidad de dichas reglas y, por lo tanto, no permite demostrar que la Comisión violó el principio de seguridad jurídica. 180. En consecuencia, procede desestimar el sexto motivo. g) Séptimo motivo, basado en la infracción del artículo 2 de la Directiva 91/308 181. En virtud del artículo 44, apartado 1, letra c), del Reglamento de Procedimiento, toda demanda debe contener, en particular, la exposición sumaria de los motivos invocados. Esta exposición debe ser suficientemente clara para permitir a la parte demandada preparar su defensa y al Tribunal pronunciarse sobre los motivos, en su caso, sin apoyarse en otros datos. A fin de garantizar la seguridad jurídica y una buena administración de la justicia, es necesario, para que pueda acordarse la admisión de un motivo, que al menos el alcance de éste resulte de modo coherente y comprensible (véase, en este sentido, la sentencia del Tribunal de 28 de noviembre de 2013, Gaumina/EIGE, T‐424/12, apartado 18, y la jurisprudencia citada). 182. Mediante un séptimo motivo, la demandante sostiene que «la Comisión no respetó» la Directiva 91/308/CEE del Consejo, de 10 de junio de 1991, relativa a la prevención de la utilización del sistema financiero para el blanqueo de capitales (DO L 166, p. 77), «dado que [...] el artículo 2 de dicha Directiva establece una prohibición general del blanqueo de capitales [...] y [que la Comisión] se compara, en el escrito presentado [ante el Tribunal de première instance de Bruxelles], a una institución financiera, y subraya que el [diario independiente de transacciones comunitario] se limita a registrar transacciones sin participar en ellas». 183. De la lectura de este motivo, tal y como se enuncia en la demanda, resulta que la demandante presupone que, cuando actúa como Administrador Central del diario independiente de transacciones comunitario, la Comisión tiene funciones similares a las de una institución financiera y está entonces sujeta a la prohibición del blanqueamiento de capitales enunciado, según ella, en el artículo 2 de la Directiva 91/308. 184. Sin embargo, preguntada en la vista en cuanto al cumplimiento, por el citado motivo, de los requisitos del artículo 44, apartado 1, letra c), del Reglamento de Procedimiento, la demandante, como respuesta, manifestó que no había querido decir que la Directiva 91/308 era aplicable a la Comisión. 185. En este contexto, el Tribunal no puede limitar el alcance del séptimo motivo, expuesto —por lo demás, de forma sumaria— en la demanda. Por lo tanto, éste no responde a los imperativos de coherencia e inteligibilidad establecidos en el artículo 44, apartado 1, letra c), del Reglamento de Procedimiento. En consecuencia, procede declarar su inadmisibilidad. 186. Por lo demás, aun cuando fuera necesario considerar que, pese a las contradicciones e imprecisiones de que adolece su exposición, el presente motivo responde a los requisitos del artículo 44, apartado 1, letra c), del Reglamento de Procedimiento, procedería desestimarlo por infundado. 187. En efecto, en primer lugar, el artículo 2 de la Directiva 91/308, invocado por la demandante, dispone que «los Estados miembros velarán para que el blanqueo de capitales [...] quede prohibido». Así pues, este artículo únicamente crea obligaciones para los Estados miembros. Por lo tanto, la demandante no puede invocarlo válidamente para demostrar la ilegalidad de un comportamiento de la Comisión. 188. En segundo lugar, aun suponiendo que la demandante haya pretendido alegar en la demanda que, en el ordenamiento jurídico de la Unión, un principio general prohíbe a cualquiera realizar operaciones de blanqueo de dinero, procedería desestimar su argumento. En efecto, la demandante ni siquiera indica las razones por las que la negativa de revelar la información relativa a los derechos de emisión presuntamente robados el 16 de noviembre de 2010, que reprocha a la Comisión, podría asimilarse a un acto de blanqueo de dinero. 189. En tercer lugar, aun cuando habría que comprender que dicha negativa constituye, según la demandante, una ocultación del origen o de la localización de bienes robados, el argumento de la demandante no puede prosperar. Es cierto que, según el artículo 1, tercer guión, de la Directiva 91/308, el concepto de «blanqueo de capitales» comprende, en particular, «la ocultación o el encubrimiento de la verdadera naturaleza, origen, localización, disposición, movimiento o de la propiedad de bienes o de derechos correspondientes, a sabiendas de que dichos bienes proceden de una actividad delictiva o de una participación en ese tipo de actividad». Sin embargo, el hecho de que la Comisión se negara, con arreglo al artículo 10 del Reglamento no 2216/2004, a revelar directamente a la demandante información sobre unos derechos de emisión presuntamente robados no demuestra que haya tenido la intención de ocultar el origen o la localización de tales derechos. Además, como se ha señalado en el anterior apartado 121, no se discute que, el 7 de abril de 2011, la OLAF transmitió información relativa a esos derechos, por cuenta de la Comisión, al Ministerio Fiscal rumano. 190. De todo lo anterior se desprende que no se ha demostrado la ilegalidad del primer comportamiento reprochado a la Comisión. B. Segundo comportamiento reprochado, correspondiente a la negativa a prohibir cualquier transacción relativa a los derechos de emisión presuntamente robados el 16 de noviembre de 2010 1. Existencia del segundo comportamiento reprochado 191. Ante el Tribunal, la demandante alega que la Comisión se negó a «bloquear» los derechos de emisión que, según ella, le habían sido robados. Es el segundo comportamiento reprochado a esa institución por la demandante (véanse los anteriores apartados 58 y 59). 192. La existencia de este comportamiento está demostrada. 193. En efecto, mediante escrito de 24 de noviembre de 2010, la demandante instó a la Comisión a que «pidiera a los registros nacionales» que «bloquearan las cuentas» por las que los derechos de emisión presuntamente robados habían transitado (véase el anterior apartado 24). En un primer momento, instó así formalmente a la Comisión, no a que bloqueara ella misma dichas cuentas, sino a que obligara a hacerlo a las autoridades nacionales. Esta solicitud de bloqueo se reiteró posteriormente, siendo ligeramente modificada. Así, en un segundo momento, mediante escrito de 2 de diciembre de 2010, se solicitó a la Comisión, en nombre de la demandante, «que denegara [ella misma] el acceso a las cuentas» en cuestión (véase el anterior apartado 26). En otras palabras, se solicitó a la Comisión que «bloqueara» ella misma no sólo los derechos de emisión, sino también todas las cuentas por las que habían transitado tales derechos. Por último, en un tercer momento, se solicitó a la Comisión, mediante escrito de 31 de mayo de 2011, que «bloqueara» ella misma únicamente los derechos de emisión robados (véase el anterior apartado 38). 194. Pues bien, esta última solicitud fue desestimada mediante escrito de 18 de julio de 2011 (véase el anterior apartado 40). 2. Legalidad del segundo comportamiento reprochado 195. Para demostrar el carácter ilegal del segundo comportamiento que reprocha a la Comisión, la demandante invoca, en esencia, cinco motivos. Estos se examinan, sucesivamente, a continuación. a) Primer motivo, basado en la violación del principio de buena administración 196. Entre las garantías otorgadas por el Derecho de la Unión en los procedimientos administrativos figura, en particular, el principio de buena administración, consagrado en el artículo 41 de la Carta de los Derechos Fundamentales, del que forma parte el deber de diligencia, es decir, la obligación de la institución competente de examinar, minuciosa e imparcialmente, todos los elementos relevantes del asunto de que se trate (sentencias del Tribunal de 27 de septiembre de 2012, Applied Microengineering/Comisión, T‐387/09, apartado 76, y de 16 de septiembre de 2013, ATC y otros/Comisión, T‐333/10, apartado 84). 197. Mediante el primer motivo, la demandante aduce que, «al alegar concretamente que no podía bloquear los derechos de emisión desde la notificación casi instantánea del robo por [las autoridades rumanas], siendo así que bloqueó menos de dos meses después todos los registros durante varios meses mientras seguía alegando que no podía bloquear derechos de emisión individuales, la Comisión dio muestras de mala fe y de mala voluntad en la ejecución de su deber de diligencia». 198. En otras palabras, la demandante alega que, al negarse a prohibir toda transacción relativa a los derechos de emisión que le habían sido presuntamente robados, la Comisión no actuó con diligencia, violando así el principio de buena administración. 199. Por lo tanto, presupone que la Comisión estaba facultada para realizar tal bloqueo. En efecto, para que una autoridad actúe con diligencia en un determinado ámbito, es preciso que esté facultada para actuar en dicho ámbito. 200. Tal premisa es errónea. 201. En primer lugar, el Reglamento no 2216/2004 sólo establece el bloqueo de determinados derechos de emisión dentro de un registro en un único supuesto, contemplado en su artículo 27. Se trata del caso en el que «a 1 de abril [...], no se hubieren anotado las emisiones verificadas anuales de una instalación relativas al año anterior en el cuadro de emisiones verificadas», de modo que la cuenta del titular afectado debe bloquearse en su totalidad. En otras palabras, se trata del supuesto en el que, por lo que respecta a una de sus instalaciones, un titular no ha cumplido, en el plazo requerido, las normas técnicas relativas a la declaración de la cantidad de gases de efecto invernadero emitida por dicha instalación, tal y como aprobó la autoridad competente. 202. Pues bien, en cualquier caso, es manifiesto que el bloqueo de derechos de emisión requerido por la demandante no estaba comprendido en las previsiones del artículo 27 del Reglamento no 2216/2004. 203. En segundo lugar, es exacto que la propia Comisión reconoció que se había producido una suspensión del acceso a los registros en enero de 2011. 204. Pero indicó, sin ser contradicha, que tal suspensión del acceso a los registros tenía como base jurídica el artículo 69 del Reglamento no 2216/2004, según el cual: «El Administrador Central y el administrador del registro podrán suspender el acceso al [diario independiente de transacciones comunitario] o a su propio registro, respectivamente, cuando se produzca una violación de seguridad que amenace a la integridad de éstos o a la integridad del sistema de registros y afecte de manera similar a los dispositivos de reserva [...].» 205. Ahora bien, contrariamente a lo que sobreentiende la demandante, dicho artículo no permite bloquear el acceso a determinadas cuentas de haberes dentro de un registro. Permite únicamente, en caso de riesgo sistémico, suspender todo acceso a un registro, en su integridad, o al diario independiente de transacciones comunitario, en su integridad. 206. Como consecuencia, procede desestimar el motivo basado en la violación del principio de buena administración. b) Segundo motivo, basado esencialmente en la violación del principio de seguridad jurídica 207. Mediante el segundo motivo, la demandante alega que una normativa «debe aplicarse con una claridad y una coherencia razonables a fin de evitar en lo posible la inseguridad jurídica y la incertidumbre para los sujetos de Derecho afectados por las medidas adoptadas». Pues bien, a su juicio, «en el presente caso, es manifiesto que la Comisión causó una gran incertidumbre jurídica» porque «afirmó, en un primer momento, que no era posible un [bloqueo de los derechos de emisión] antes de bloquear, en un segundo momento, todo el régimen europeo de comercio de derechos de emisión [en enero de 2011]». La demandante añade que esta diferencia de trato está tanto menos justificada cuanto que el bloqueo de «todo el régimen europeo de comercio de derechos de emisión» se producía a raíz del acaecimiento de robos similares al que alega haber sufrido. 208. Este motivo se basa en la premisa de que la base jurídica invocada para suspender el acceso a los registros en enero de 2011 permitía a la Comisión bloquear derechos de emisión depositados en una cuenta de haberes, dentro de un registro determinado. 209. Sin embargo, no es así. Como se desprende de los anteriores apartados 203 a 205, el acceso a los registros se había suspendido, en enero de 2011, sobre la base del artículo 69 del Reglamento no 2216/2004. Si bien este artículo permite una suspensión generalizada del acceso a los registros en caso de riesgo sistémico, no permite bloquear, como deseaba la demandante, determinados derechos de emisión depositados en cuentas de haberes dentro de un mismo registro. 210. Así pues, al suspender el acceso a los registros en enero de 2011 y al negarse posteriormente a estimar la solicitud de la demandante de bloquear determinados derechos de emisión, la Comisión no actuó de modo incoherente ni violó el principio de seguridad jurídica, contrariamente a las alegaciones de la demandante. 211. Por lo tanto, procede desestimar el segundo motivo. c) Tercer motivo, basado en la infracción del artículo 20 de la Directiva 2003/87 212. Como se ha señalado en el anterior apartado 148, el artículo 20 de la Directiva 2003/87 dispone: «[...] 2. El Administrador Central controlará, de manera automatizada, cada transacción en los registros mediante el registro independiente de transacciones, para comprobar que no se producen irregularidades en la expedición, la transferencia y la cancelación de derechos de emisión. 3. Si el control automatizado pone de manifiesto irregularidades, el Administrador Central informará de ello al Estado miembro o Estados miembros interesados, los cuales no registrarán las transacciones en cuestión ni ninguna otra transacción relativa a los derechos de emisión correspondientes hasta que no se hayan resuelto las irregularidades.» 213. Mediante el tercer motivo, la demandante alega que, «si la Directiva 2003/87 exige que se realicen controles “automatizados” para comprobar la existencia de irregularidades y que deben bloquearse los derechos de emisión objeto de una irregularidad, la Comisión debe intervenir, a fortiori , cuando se le informa activamente de las irregularidades». Añade que, «desde el momento en el que se notifican unas irregularidades, el artículo 20 de la Directiva 2003/87 no deja ningún margen de apreciación a la Comisión en relación con el bloqueo de los derechos de emisión de que se trate». Según la demandante, si el artículo 20 de la Directiva 2003/87 debiera interpretarse de otro modo, quedaría «quebrantado» su objetivo, «que consiste en evitar las irregularidades y los fraudes que afectan a la integridad del diario independiente de transacciones comunitario». 214. Sin embargo, es preciso señalar que el artículo 20 de la Directiva 2003/87 trata de las irregularidades que pueden ser detectadas mediante «controles automatizados». Pues bien, aun cuando la demandante alega que no había dado su autorización a la transferencia de derechos de emisión que se realizó el 16 de noviembre de 2010 a partir de sus cuentas en el registro rumano y sobreentiende que dicha transferencia constituía una irregularidad, no demuestra —ni siquiera alega— que tal irregularidad podía ser detectada mediante un mero control automatizado. 215. Por lo demás, aun suponiendo que, por un lado, la transferencia de derechos de emisión de que se trata pueda considerarse una «irregularidad» a efectos del artículo 20 de la Directiva 2003/87 y, por otro, como afirma la demandante, este artículo obligue a la Comisión a adoptar las medidas que en él se establecen, no sólo cuando sus servicios detecten una «irregularidad» a raíz de un control automatizado, sino también cuando le sea señalada por una persona interesada, el argumento de la demandante no puede prosperar. En efecto, el artículo 20 de la Directiva 2003/87 obliga, en un primer momento, a la Comisión, actuando como Administrador Central, a informar a los Estados miembros interesados cuando unas transacciones adolecen de «irregularidades» y, en un segundo momento, a dichos Estados miembros a no registrar tales transacciones. En cambio, no obliga, ni siquiera autoriza, expresa o implícitamente, a la Comisión a bloquear ella misma los derechos de emisión a los que se refieren las referidas transacciones. 216. En consecuencia, procede desestimar el tercer motivo. d) Cuarto motivo, basado en la violación del principio de igualdad 217. En la réplica, la demandante alega, por primera vez, que la Comisión le dispensó un trato menos favorable que el que había concedido a sociedades víctimas de robos de derechos de emisión a principios del año 2010. Según la demandante, un artículo publicado en 2011 indica que, por lo que se refiere a dichas sociedades, la Comisión reaccionó congelando los derechos de emisión robados. 218. Sin embargo, de lo dispuesto en el artículo 44, apartado 1, letra c), en relación con el artículo 48, apartado 2, del Reglamento de Procedimiento se desprende que está prohibido invocar motivos nuevos con posterioridad a la interposición de la demanda, a menos que dichos motivos se funden en razones de hecho y de Derecho que hayan aparecido durante el procedimiento. No obstante, debe declararse la admisión de un motivo que constituye la ampliación de otro enunciado anteriormente, expresa o implícitamente, en la demanda y que tiene una relación estrecha con éste (véase la sentencia del Tribunal de 15 de octubre de 2008, Mote/Parlamento, T‐345/05, Rec. p. II‐2849, apartado 85, y la jurisprudencia citada). 219. Pues bien, en primer lugar, contrariamente a lo que alegó la demandante en la vista, el presente motivo no constituye la ampliación de ningún motivo enunciado en la demanda. En segundo lugar, no se basa en razones que haya descubierto la demandante durante el procedimiento. En tercer lugar, se presentó extemporáneamente, en la réplica. Por lo demás, cabe observar que la demandante no expuso las razones que justificasen dicha presentación extemporánea, y ello aun cuando el Tribunal la instó a hacerlo en la vista. 220. El cuarto motivo, por lo tanto, es inadmisible. 221. Después de todo, aun cuando no lo hubiera sido, procedería desestimar este motivo por carecer de fundamento fáctico. En efecto, en el extracto del artículo citado por la demandante, no se precisa en absoluto que la Comisión había bloqueado ella misma derechos de emisión robados. Se indica que el descubrimiento de determinadas prácticas fraudulentas había «implicado la suspensión de las transacciones a partir de las cuentas de los usuarios afectados». Pero no se precisa qué autoridad había realizado tal suspensión de las transacciones. e) Quinto motivo, basado en la vulneración del derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva 222. Mediante el quinto motivo, la demandante alega que la negativa a bloquear los derechos de emisión presuntamente robados menoscaba su derecho a una tutela judicial efectiva. En su opinión, el hecho de que no se bloqueen tales derechos perjudica gravemente la eficacia de los procedimientos judiciales que pueden incoarse para recuperarlos. 223. Sin embargo, contrariamente a lo que presupone la demandante, para identificar un derecho de emisión y, como consecuencia, para incoar un procedimiento judicial tendente a su recuperación, no es necesario que tal derecho no pueda ser comerciado. En efecto, cada derecho de emisión tiene —en virtud del artículo 39, segundo párrafo, del Reglamento no 2216/2004— un «código de identificación de la unidad exclusivo» y, por consiguiente, puede ser identificado, incluso si no está «bloqueado». 224. Además, como se ha recordado en los anteriores apartados 113, 154, 169 y 174, el artículo 10, apartado 2 ter , del Reglamento no 2216/2004 no prohíbe que una autoridad penal —como aquella a la que acudió la demandante— tras haber obtenido información confidencial relativa, por ejemplo, a la localización de derechos de emisión que supone han sido robados, revele tal información a una persona física o jurídica que, como la demandante, tenga la condición de víctima del presunto robo. Esta disposición tampoco prohíbe que tal persona utilice la información que ha obtenido de este modo para entablar procedimientos judiciales al objeto de recuperar los derechos de emisión que, según ella, le habían sido robados. 225. En consecuencia, procede desestimar el quinto motivo. 226. De todo lo anterior se desprende que no queda demostrada la ilegalidad del segundo comportamiento reprochado a la Comisión. 227. Por lo tanto, procede desestimar las pretensiones de indemnización presentadas en el ámbito de la responsabilidad por actuación culposa. II. Sobre la responsabilidad objetiva A. Alegaciones de la demandante 228. Con carácter subsidiario, la demandante insta la responsabilidad objetiva de la Unión. 229. Alega que la responsabilidad de la Unión puede generarse incluso cuando, por un lado, el comportamiento reprochado no infringe la normativa aplicable y, por otro, esta misma normativa se adecúa a las normas de rango superior. Por otra parte, considera que esta responsabilidad derivada de la adopción de actos lícitos se ha generado en el presente caso. A su juicio, unos comportamientos de la Comisión le causaron un perjuicio anormal y especial, que no está justificado, además, por ningún interés público suficiente. De la demanda se desprende que, según la demandante, dichos comportamientos son, por un lado, la adopción de una norma, a saber, el artículo 10 del Reglamento no 2216/2004 y, por otro, la adopción de medidas individuales, a saber, la aplicación de este artículo al caso particular. 230. Más concretamente, al invocar la sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia de 15 de junio de 2000, Dorsch Consult/Consejo y Comisión (C‐237/98 P, Rec. p. I‐4549, apartado 18), la demandante alega que la responsabilidad objetiva de la Unión se genera desde el momento en que el perjuicio invocado afecta a una categoría especial de operadores económicos de forma desproporcionada respecto de los demás operadores y supera los límites de los riesgos económicos inherentes a las actividades del sector de que se trate, sin que el acto normativo causante del daño invocado esté justificado por un interés económico general. 231. Aplicando las reglas establecidas en dicha sentencia, la demandante sostiene, en primer lugar, que su perjuicio es anormal puesto que es «desproporcionado respecto de los demás operadores económicos del mercado, que no han sido objeto de un robo irreparable». 232. En segundo lugar, estima que su perjuicio es especial puesto que «perdura debido no a un aspecto relacionado con [sus] actividades ni al propio robo ni a otra causa “normal” debida a la sociedad, sino al carácter irrecuperable de los derechos de emisión robados». 233. En tercer lugar, alega que las reglas de confidencialidad instauradas por el artículo 10 del Reglamento no 2216/2004 sólo protegen intereses particulares, a saber, aquellos de los «demás operadores económicos del mercado que compraron u ocultaron los derechos de emisión robados». Por lo demás, según la demandante, dichas reglas no son necesarias para el buen funcionamiento del mercado de derechos de emisión. B. Fundamento de las alegaciones de la demandante 234. En su sentencia de 9 de septiembre de 2008, FIAMM y otros/Consejo y Comisión (C‐120/06 P y C‐121/06 P, Rec. p. I‐6513, apartados 175 y 176), el Tribunal de Justicia consideró que «la eventual existencia de un principio de responsabilidad por actos u omisiones lícitos de la autoridad pública, en particular cuando éstos son de naturaleza normativa», no se deducía del examen comparativo de los ordenamientos jurídicos de los Estados miembros. Acto seguido, extrajo de ello las consecuencias para la situación particular que se le había sometido y declaró que, «en el estado actual de evolución del Derecho [de la Unión], no existe un régimen de responsabilidad que permita exigir la responsabilidad de la [Unión] por un comportamiento comprendido en la esfera de su competencia normativa, en una situación en la que la eventual disconformidad de tal comportamiento con [un acuerdo internacional] no puede ser invocada ante el juez [de la Unión]». 235. Sin embargo, en la sentencia de 25 de marzo de 2010, Sviluppo Italia Basilicata/Comisión (C‐414/08 P, Rec. p. I‐2559, apartado 141), tras indicar que no procedía pronunciarse sobre «la posibilidad de que se genere la responsabilidad de la Unión Europea por el daño causado por un acto legal en unas circunstancias como las del presente asunto», el Tribunal de Justicia precisó que el Tribunal General podía desestimar, sin incurrir en error de Derecho, un motivo referente a la generación de la responsabilidad de la Unión por acto lícito, debido a que el perjuicio invocado por la parte demandante no presentaba «en cualquier caso», ningún carácter anormal y especial. En otras palabras, el Tribunal de Justicia señaló que el Tribunal General no incurría en error de Derecho si no se pronunciaba sobre la existencia de una responsabilidad objetiva en el Derecho de la Unión y desestimaba «en cualquier caso» la argumentación que se le había presentado a falta de demostración del carácter anormal y especial del perjuicio invocado. 236. Pues bien, según la jurisprudencia, un perjuicio debe considerarse «anormal» si supera los límites de los riesgos económicos inherentes a las actividades del sector de que se trate y «especial» si afecta a una categoría especial de operadores económicos de forma desproporcionada respecto de los demás operadores (véase la sentencia del Tribunal de 20 de febrero de 2002, Förde-Reederei/Consejo y Comisión, T‐170/00, Rec. p. II‐515, apartado 56, y la jurisprudencia citada). 237. En el presente caso, de todas formas, uno de esos dos requisitos acumulativos no se cumple: el carácter anormal del perjuicio invocado no queda demostrado. En efecto, el hecho de que las reglas de confidencialidad se hayan establecido en el artículo 10 del Reglamento no 2216/2004 y aplicado posteriormente a la demandante por la Comisión no constituye un riesgo anormal en el sector: si no existieran tales reglas, no podría garantizarse el secreto comercial, lo que destruiría la propia existencia de un mercado de derechos de emisión. 238. Por otra parte, es preciso señalar, a mayor abundamiento, que, en el sector de que se trata —a saber, el de los agentes económicos sujetos al régimen comunitario de comercio de derechos de emisión—, el acceso a las cuentas de tales derechos se efectúa a través de un sistema informático abierto en Internet. Mediante este sistema se lleva a cabo también el comercio de derechos de emisión. Pues bien, es notorio que tal modo de funcionamiento presenta riesgos técnicos, a veces notables. Por lo tanto, el perjuicio correspondiente al valor de los derechos de emisión transferidos, por vía electrónica, sin autorización de la demandante a cuentas que no son suyas no puede considerarse, en cualquier caso, que exceda los límites de los riesgos económicos o técnicos inherentes a las actividades del sector de que se trata. 239. En consecuencia, procede desestimar en todo caso las pretensiones relativas a la generación de la responsabilidad objetiva. 240. Por lo tanto, procede desestimar el recurso en su totalidad. Costas 241. A tenor del artículo 87, apartado 2, del Reglamento de Procedimiento, la parte que pierda el proceso será condenada en costas, si así lo hubiera solicitado la otra parte. 242. En el presente caso, al haber sido desestimadas las pretensiones formuladas por la demandante, procede condenarla en costas, conforme a lo solicitado por la Comisión. Parte dispositiva En virtud de todo lo expuesto, EL TRIBUNAL GENERAL (Sala Octava) decide: 1) Desestimar el recurso. 2) Condenar a Holcim (Romania) SA a cargar, además de con sus propias costas, con aquellas en que haya incurrido la Comisión Europea.
fr	wikipedia	N/A	Le temple protestant de Châteauroux est un lieu de culte situé rue Thabaud-Boislareine, à Châteauroux, préfecture du département de l'Indre. La paroisse est membre de l'Église protestante unie de France. Histoire A la Renaissance, les idées humanistes de la Réforme protestante sont diffusées dans la région sous la protection de la duchesse du Berry Marguerite de Valois-Angoulême, sœur ainée du roi François Ier. Bourges, cité universitaire, accueille les premières prédications luthériennes, et le réformateur Jean Calvin y étudie entre 1929 et 1930. Les premiers temples apparaissent à Bourges, Aubigny (1556) Sancerre, Saint-Amand, La Châtre (1559). Les Guerres de Religion, marquées par les exaction du gouverneur du Berry, le catholique Claude de La Châtre de La Maisonfort, sont apaisée par l'Édit de Nantes, signée par le roi Henri IV, petit-fils de Marguerite d'Angoulême et longtemps protestant. l’Édit accorde deux places fortes aux Huguenots, Sancerre et Argenton. En 1619, Louis II de Bourbon-Condé, dit , né protestant et converti au catholicisme, est nommé gouverneur du Berry. Il entame une persécution des protestants. En 1867, pendant le Second Empire, les protestants de Châteauroux obtiennent l'autorisation officielle de célébrer un culte public, ce qu'ils font en louant une salle. Après la Guerre franco-allemande de 1870 et la perte de l'Alsace-Lorraine, de nombreux réfugiés luthériens s'installent à Châteauroux. En 1873, Pierre Clérault, capitaine à la retraite, lègue un fond pour élever un temple. Le , un décret permet à la communauté d'acquérir une maison rue Saint-Jacques (aujourd’hui, rue Thabaud Boislareine), complété par deux autres maisons limitrophes en 1877 pour le presbytère. Le temple est édifié sur les plans d'Alfred Dauvergne, architecte départemental de l'Indre. Entre 1937 et 1956, le pasteur Willy Widmann est pasteur de la paroisse. Un portrait, réalisé par le peintre Hélier Cosson, est installé dans le temple en 2020. Le temple est restauré en 2021, alors que Luc Serrano est pasteur de l'église protestante unie de l'Indre et de la Creuse. Notes et références Annexes Articles connexes Madeleine Barot, née à Châteauroux Temple protestant de Bourges Protestantisme en France Lien externe Châteauroux Temple protestant en Centre-Val de Loire Édifice religieux achevé en 1873
es	other	N/A	Ámbitos y fuentes - Estatuto de los trabajadores 2018 Ámbitos y fuentes – Estatuto de los trabajadores 1 Resumen Sección 1.a Ámbito y fuentes 1.1 Artículo 1. Ámbito de aplicación. 1.2 Artículo 2. Relaciones laborales de carácter especial. 1.3 Artículo 3. Fuentes de la relación laboral. Resumen Sección 1.a Ámbito y fuentes En la siguiente normativa se menciona El Artículo 1 del estatuto de los trabajadores: normativa para la cual va dirigida la normativa del estatuto de los trabajadores. El Artículo 2 del estatuto de los trabajadores: Normativa y características sobre las Relaciones Laborales de Carácter Especial. El Artículo 3 del estatuto de los trabajadores: Menciona las fuentes donde se regulan las relaciones laborales 1. Esta ley será de aplicación a los trabajadores que voluntariamente presten sus servicios retribuidos por cuenta ajena y dentro del ámbito de la organización y dirección de otra persona, física o jurídica, denominada empleador del empresario. 2. A los efectos de esta ley, los empresarios de todas las personas, físicas o jurídicas, las comunidades de bienes que reciban la prestación de servicios de las personas en el apartado anterior, así como de las personas contratadas para ser cedidas por empresas empresas de trabajo temporal legalmente constituidas. a) La relación de servicio de los funcionarios públicos, que se regirá por las normas legales y reglamentarias, así como el personal de servicio de las Administraciones Públicas y otros entes, los organismos y las entidades del sector público, cuando, el amparo de una ley, dicha relación se regule por normas administrativas o estatutarias. c) La actividad que se limita, pura y simplemente, el desempeño del cargo de consejero o el miembro de los órganos de administración en las empresas que revistan la forma jurídica de la sociedad y siempre que su actividad en la empresa inherentes a tal cargo. e) Los trabajos familiares, salvo que se demuestre la condición de asalariados de los que llevan a cabo. Se considerarán familiares, a estos efectos, siempre convivan con el empresario, el cónyuge, los descendientes, ascendientes y demás parientes por consanguinidad o afinidad, hasta el segundo grado inclusive y, en su caso, por adopción. f) La actividad de las personas que intervienen en operaciones mercantiles por cuenta de uno o más empresarios, siempre que queden personalmente obligados a responder del buen fin de la operación asumiendo el riesgo y ventura de la misma. g) En general, todo el trabajo que se efectúe en el desarrollo de la relación distinta del que define el apartado 1. A tales efectos se entiende excluido del ámbito laboral la actividad de las personas prestadoras del servicio de transporte al amparo de las autorizaciones administrativas de las que sean titulares, realizada, mediante el precio correspondiente, con los vehículos comerciales de servicio público con la propiedad o el poder directo de la disposición ostenten, aun cuando se trata de servicios se realicen de forma continuada para un mismo cargador o comercializador. 4. La legislación laboral española será de aplicación en el trabajo que presten los trabajadores españoles contratados en España al servicio de empresas españolas en el extranjero, sin perjuicio de las normas de orden público aplicables en el lugar de trabajo. Dichos trabajadores tendrán, al menos, los derechos económicos que corresponden al trabajo en territorio español. 5. Los efectos de esta ley consideran el centro de trabajo la unidad productiva con la organización específica, ese mar dio de alta, como tal, ante la autoridad laboral. En la actividad de trabajo en el mar se considera como centro de trabajo del buque, entendido en la provincia donde radica su puerto de base. a) La personalidad de alta dirección no incluido en el artículo 1.3 ET apartado c). f) La de las personas que intervengan en operaciones mercantiles por cuenta de uno o más empresarios sin asumir el riesgo y ventura de empresas. j) La residencia para la formación de especialistas en Ciencias de la Salud. 2. En todos los supuestos señalados en el apartado anterior, la regulación de los derechos laborales, los derechos reservados los reconocidos por la Constitución. 1. Los derechos y obligaciones relacionados con la relación laboral se regulan: c) Por la voluntad de las partes, manifestado en el contrato de trabajo, siendo su objeto en cuestión y sin que en ningún caso se establezcan en perjuicio del trabajador, las condiciones menos favorables o contrarias a las disposiciones legales y convenios colectivos antes expresados. 2. Las normas legales y reglamentarias se aplican con sujeción al principio de jerarquía normativa. Las normas reglamentarias se desarrollan en los preceptos que establecen las normas de rango superior. 3. Los conflictos originados entre los preceptos de dos o más normas laborales, tanto estatales como pactadas, que se respetan en todo el caso los mínimos de derecho necesarios, se resolverán mediante la aplicación de lo más favorable para el trabajador apreciado en su conjunto, y en cómputo anual, respecto de los conceptos cuantificables. 4. Los usos y costumbres solo se aplican en el defecto de las disposiciones legales, convencionales o contractuales, a no ser que cuenten con una recepción o remisión expresa. 5. Los trabajadores no tienen disponibilidad válida, antes o después de su adquisición, de los derechos que se reconoce por las disposiciones legales de derecho necesario. Tampoco tiene disponibilidad de los derechos reconocidos como indisponibles porconvenio colectivo Blog de negocios, empresas y autónomos
fr	wikipedia	N/A	(10099) Glazebrook est un astéroïde de la ceinture principale. Description (10099) Glazebrook est un astéroïde de la ceinture principale. Il fut découvert le à Kitt Peak par le projet Spacewatch. Il présente une orbite caractérisée par un demi-grand axe de 3,26 UA, une excentricité de 0,12 et une inclinaison de 2,9° par rapport à l'écliptique. Compléments Articles connexes Liste des planètes mineures (10001-11000) Ceinture d'astéroïdes Références Groupe de Cybèle Planète mineure découverte en 1991 Astéroïde de la ceinture principale glazebr
fr	wikipedia	N/A	Idrissa Diabaté, né le à Paris , est un acteur français d’origine malienne. Biographie Fils d’un musicien malien parti vivre aux États-Unis, Idrissa Diabaté grandit dans une famille nombreuse à Paris, avec sa mère, ses frères et sœurs. À , il est choisi par Julien Abraham pour être Isma, un jeune qui prend un mauvais chemin, dans La Cité rose, une interprétation qui lui vaut une pré-nomination, catégorie espoir masculin, aux Césars 2014. En 2014, il incarne Ismaël, le fiancé de Karidja Touré dans Bande de filles, réalisé par Céline Sciamma, un film sélectionné pour la Quinzaine des réalisateurs au festival de Cannes 2014. La même année, dans Gagarine, il interprète Youri, un garçon rêveur qui refuse de quitter la cité Gagarine d'Ivry-sur-Seine dont les jours sont comptés ; le court-métrage reçoit le grand prix au concours « HLM sur cour(t) », à Paris. En 2015, il travaille avec Richard Berry pour Tout, tout de suite et avec Mathieu Vadepied pour La Vie en grand. Il joue aussi le rôle-titre du court-métrage El Negro de Yannick Privat. Filmographie Cinéma 2012 : La Cité rose de Julien Abraham : Isma 2014 : Bande de filles de Céline Sciamma : Ismaël 2015 : La Vie en grand de Mathieu Vadepied : le grand frère d’Adama 2016 : Tout, tout de suite de Richard Berry : un geôlier Courts métrages 2012 : Après l’enfer de François Pragnère : l’enfant soldat 2014 : Gagarine de Jérémy Trouilh et Fanny Liatard : Youri 2015 : El Negro de Yannick Privat : El Negro Télévision Séries télévisées 2013 : Jamais seuls, 3 épisodes de Virginie Sauveur : joueur de football 2014 : Boulevard du Palais, 1 épisode de Christian Bonnet : un jeune de cité 2015 : Virage Nord, 3 épisodes de Virginie Sauveur : Beloumi 2015 : La clé 2015 : Le miroir 2015 : Nicolas Distinctions César du cinéma 2014 : Pré-nomination pour le César du meilleur espoir masculin pour La Cité rose de Julien Abraham Notes et références Liens externes Idrissa Diabaté sur CinéArtistes Acteur français de cinéma Acteur français de télévision Naissance en juillet 1992
nl	wikipedia	N/A	Het seizoen 1955/1956 was het tweede jaar in het bestaan van de Almelose betaald voetbalclub Heracles. De club kwam uit in de Eerste klasse B en eindigde daarin op de 12e plaats, dit betekende dat de club in het nieuwe seizoen uitkwam in de Tweede divisie. Wedstrijdstatistieken Eerste klasse B Statistieken Heracles 1955/1956 Eindstand Heracles in de Nederlandse Eerste klasse B 1955 / 1956 Topscorers Zie ook Heracles Almelo Eerste klasse B seizoen 1955/56 Voetnoten 1955/56 Heracles
it	wikipedia	N/A	Anabel Medina Garrigues e Arantxa Parra Santonja erano le detentrici del titolo ma hanno deciso di non partecipare a questa edizione del torneo. In finale Darija Jurak e Anastasija Rodionova hanno sconfitto Verónica Cepede Royg e Mariana Duque Mariño con il punteggio di 6-3, 6-2. Teste di serie Andreja Klepač / María José Martínez Sánchez (primo turno) Julia Görges / Jeļena Ostapenko (primo turno, ritirate) Darija Jurak / Anastasija Rodionova (campionesse) Chuang Chia-jung / Christina McHale (quarti di finale) Wildcard Giuliana Olmos / Renata Zarazúa (primo turno) Tabellone Collegamenti esterni Abierto Mexicano Telcel 2017
en	wikipedia	N/A	The World's Not Big Enough is the only solo album by John Du Cann, who was best known as guitarist and vocalist with Atomic Rooster and Hard Stuff in the 1970s. The album was recorded in 1977, but remained unreleased until 1992, and was remastered in 1999. Recording During the mid-1970s, Du Cann was signed to Quarry Management, who also handled Status Quo. When Du Cann presented some demo tracks to Arista Records, it was suggested that he record them in a studio with Status Quo guitarist Francis Rossi acting as producer. A group was assembled to record the album, including bass guitarist John McCoy, who later played with Ian Gillan; Liverpool Express and Original Mirrors and future Status Quo drummer Pete Kircher, and keyboard player Andy Bown who was signed to EMI Records but also performed with Status Quo, prior to being a full member in 1982. Ex-Atomic Rooster drummer Paul Hammond also played on several tracks. The band subsequently performed concerts in London, but Arista ultimately decided not to release the album. The album was eventually released in 1992, and featured Du Cann's 1979 UK hit single "Don't Be a Dummy", which he performed on Top of the Pops. The 1999 CD version also featured a number of bonus tracks, mostly demos and rough versions of songs not featured on the original album. "She's My Woman" and "Where's the Show!" were re-recorded when Du Cann rejoined Atomic Rooster, and were released on the band's 1980 album Atomic Rooster. Reception Richie Unterberger of Allmusic described The World's Not Big Enough as "peculiar, though not half-bad, power pop/new wave with a mainstream slant", although he described the bonus tracks as "closer to hard rock in mood". Track listing All tracks written by John Du Cann unless stated. "Don't Be a Dummy" (Ronnie Bond) – 3:05 "You Didn't Know Any Better" – 3:23 "Fashion Fantasy" – 2:34 "When I Was Old" – 2:35 "Only One Night" – 3:00 "Where's the Show!" – 2:25 "She's My Woman" – 2:30 "Throw Him in Jail" – 2:28 "Evil You (Part 1)" – 2:42 "Don't Talk" – 2:25 "Your Application Failed" – 2:52 "If I'm Makin'" – 2:58 "Street Strutter" – 2:22 "Evil You (Part 2)" – 2:42 "Hesitation" – 2:26 Bonus tracks "Exodus (Johnny and His Epic Guitars)" (Ernest Gold) – 2:41 "Moody Child" – 3:24 "Truck Stop" – 2:48 "Well Let's Go" – 3:56 "Paradise" – 2:47 "I Want to Be Alone" – 2:28 "Ode to Mai West" – 2:30 "Wise Man" – 2:56 "Ooh Be Doo" – 3:39 "Thanx for Nothing" – 3:59 "Who Cares?" – 2:07 "The Door" – 0:21 Personnel John Du Cann – guitar, vocals; bass guitar on tracks 16–25 Francis Rossi – guitar on tracks 1–15 & 26 John McCoy – bass guitar on tracks 1–15 & 26 Andy Bown – keyboards on tracks 1–15 & 26 Pete Kircher – drums, percussion on tracks 1–15 & 26 Paul Hammond – drums, percussion on tracks 13 & 16–25 Produced by Francis Rossi and John Du Cann Remastered by Nick Watson References 1992 albums John Du Cann albums
el	caselaw	EU	16.9.2006 EL Επίσημη Εφημερίδα της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης C 224/19 Αίτηση για την έκδοση προδικαστικής αποφάσεως, την οποία υπέβαλε το Bundesfinanzhof (Γερμανία) στις 8 Ιουνίου 2006 — Theodor Jäger κατά Finanzamt Kusel-Landstuhl (Υπόθεση C-256/06) (2006/C 224/35) Γλώσσα διαδικασίας: η γερμανική Αιτούν δικαστήριο Bundesfinanzhof Διάδικοι στην υπόθεση της κύριας δίκης Αναιρεσείων: Theodor Jäger Αναιρεσίβλητο: Finanzamt Kusel-Landstuhl Προδικαστικά ερωτήματα Συμβιβάζεται με το άρθρο 73 Β, παράγραφος 1, της Συνθήκης για την ίδρυση της Ευρωπαϊκής Κοινότητας (νυν άρθρο 56, παράγραφος 1, ΕΚ) το γεγονός ότι, για την επιβολή φόρου κληρονομίας, α) η αξία της (αλλοδαπής) γεωργικής και δασικής περιουσίας, που βρίσκεται σε άλλο κράτος μέλος, εκτιμάται με βάση τη συνήθη αξία (συναλλακτική αξία), ενώ για την ημεδαπή γεωργική και δασική περιουσία ισχύει μια ειδική διαδικασία, της οποίας το αποτέλεσμα είναι να προκύπτει κατά μέσο όρο το 10 % μόνο της συνήθους αξίας, και β) η κτήση ημεδαπής γεωργικής και δασικής περιουσίας, δεν φορολογείται μέχρι ορισμένο απαλλασσόμενο ποσό και η υπόλοιπη αξία φορολογείται μόνο κατά 60 %, εφόσον το αποτέλεσμα είναι ότι, στην περίπτωση κληρονόμου που κληρονομεί αφενός ημεδαπή περιουσία και αφετέρου αλλοδαπή γεωργική και δασική περιουσία, η κτήση της ημεδαπής περιουσίας επιβαρύνεται, λόγω του ότι η γεωργική και δασική περιουσία βρίσκεται στην αλλοδαπή, με υψηλότερο φόρο κληρονομίας από ό,τι αν η γεωργική και δασική περιουσία βρισκόταν επίσης στην ημεδαπή;
en	contracts	US	EXHIBIT 10.2 ST. JUDE MEDICAL, INC. 2007 EMPLOYEE STOCK PURCHASE PLAN As Amended Effective August 1, 2013 4824-0811-7011 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TABLE OF CONTENTS Page SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION 1 SECTION 2. DEFINITIONS 1 SECTION 3. ELIGIBILITY 3 SECTION 4. CONTRIBUTION PERIODS 3 SECTION 5. PARTICIPATION 3 SECTION 6. METHOD OF PAYMENT OF CONTRIBUTIONS 4 SECTION 7. GRANT OF OPTION 5 SECTION 8. EXERCISE OF OPTION; REFUND 5 SECTION 9. DELIVERY 5 SECTION 10. WITHDRAWAL; TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT 5 SECTION 11. INTEREST 6 SECTION 12. SHARES 7 SECTION 13. ADMINISTRATION 7 SECTION 14. DEATH OF PARTICIPANT 7 SECTION 15. TRANSFERABILITY 7 SECTION 16. USE OF FUNDS 8 SECTION 17. REPORTS 8 SECTION 18. ADJUSTMENTS UPON CHANGES IN CAPITALIZATION; CORPORATE TRANSACTIONS 8 SECTION 19. AMENDMENT OR TERMINATION 9 SECTION 20. NOTICES 9 SECTION 21. CONDITIONS UPON ISSUANCE OF SHARES 9 SECTION 22. TERM OF PLAN; EFFECTIVE DATE 10 SECTION 23. ADDITIONAL RESTRICTIONS OF RULE 16B-3 10 SECTION 24. GOVERNING LAW 10 SECTION 25. SEVERABILITY 10 SECTION 26. NO RIGHTS AS AN EMPLOYEE 10 SECTION 27. INTERNATIONAL PARTICIPANTS 11 SECTION 28. TAXES 11 SECTION 29. ACCEPTANCE OF TERMS 12 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ST. JUDE MEDICAL, INC. 2007 EMPLOYEE STOCK PURCHASE PLAN As Amended Effective August 1, 2013 The following constitute the provisions of the 2007 Employee Stock Purchase Plan of St. Jude Medical, Inc. Section 1. Introduction. (a)Purpose. The purpose of the Plan is to enable the Company to obtain and retain the services of employees. In addition, the Plan provides a convenient, meaningful opportunity for employees to purchase St. Jude Medical, Inc. stock, thereby increasing participating employees' personal interest in the Company's success. (b)Portion of Plan to Comply with Section 423. The Company intends to have a portion of the Plan qualify as an “employee stock purchase plan” within the meaning of Section 423 of the Code; and intends that such portion of the Plan be treated as a separate plan. Such portion of the Plan shall, accordingly, be construed so as to extend and limit participation in a manner that is consistent with Section 423 of the Code. (c)Portions of Plan Not Complying with Section 423. Section 27 of this Plan, and any additional provisions adopted by the Committee pursuant thereto, are intended by the Company to allow creation of separate portions of the Plan providing for the offering of Common Stock other than through the portion of the Plan governed by Section 423 of the Code, for purchase by individuals who are either (i) generally not subject to income taxation by the United States or (ii) are employed by Subsidiaries other than Designated Subsidiaries. Section 2.Definitions. (a)“Account” means the funds accumulated with respect to a Participant as a result of deduction from such Participant's paycheck for the purpose of purchasing Shares under the Plan. The funds allocated to a Participant's Account shall remain the property of the Participant at all times but may be commingled with the general funds of the Company, except to the extent such commingling may be prohibited by the laws of any applicable jurisdiction. (b)“Board” means the Board of Directors of the Company. (c)“Business Day” means any day (other than a Saturday or Sunday) on which the New York Stock Exchange is permitted to be open for trading. (d)“Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. (e)“Commencement Date” means the first calendar day of each Contribution Period of the Plan. (f)“Common Stock” means the Common Stock, par value $.10 per share, of the Company. (g)“Committee” means the committee described in Section 13(a) of the Plan. (h)“Company” means St. Jude Medical, Inc., a Minnesota corporation. Effective as of the date any Subsidiary becomes a Designated Subsidiary, references herein to the “Company” shall be interpreted to include such Designated Subsidiary, as appropriate. (i)“Compensation” means regular straight time earnings, commissions and commission‐based sales bonuses annualized at the time of enrollment prior to the Commencement Date, excluding payments, if any, for overtime, incentive compensation, incentive payments, premiums, bonuses (including bonuses paid under the Company's Management Incentive Compensation Plan) and any other special remuneration. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (j)“Continuous Status as an Employee” means the absence of any interruption or termination of service as an Employee. Continuous Status as an Employee shall not be considered interrupted in the case of (i) medical leave; (ii) leave allowed under the Family and Medical Leave Act; (iii) personal leave; (iv) military leave; (v) jury duty; (vi) any other leave of absence approved by the Committee; provided that any such leave referred to in (i) through (vi) does not exceed three months, unless re‐employment upon the expiration of such leave is guaranteed by contract or statute; or (vii) transfers between locations of the Company or between the Company and its Subsidiaries. In the case of an approved leave that exceeds 3 months and the Employee's right to reemployment is not provided either by contract or by statute, the Employee is deemed to incur a termination of his or her Continuous Status as an Employee (for purposes of this Plan) on the first day immediately following such three-month period. (k)“Contribution Period” means a 1‐year period; provided, however, that the Board shall have the power to change the duration and/or frequency of Contribution Periods with respect to future purchases without shareholder approval if such change is announced at least 5 Business Days prior to the scheduled beginning of the first Contribution Period to be affected; provided further, however, that no Contribution Period shall exceed 27 months. (l)“Contributions” means all amounts credited to the Account of a Participant pursuant to the Plan. (m)“Corporate Transaction” means (i) a sale of all or substantially all of the Company's assets or (ii) a merger, consolidation or other capital reorganization of the Company with or into another corporation or any other transaction or series of related transactions in which the Company's shareholders immediately prior thereto own less than 50% of the voting stock of the Company (or its successor or parent) immediately thereafter. (n)“Designated Subsidiaries” means the Subsidiaries that have been designated by the Board from time to time in its sole discretion as eligible to participate in the portion of the Plan subject to Section 423 of the Code. (o)“Employee” means any person, including an Officer or director who is also an employee, but excluding any person whose customary employment is (i) less than 20 hours per week or (ii) for not more than 5 months in any calendar year. (p)“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. (q)“Fair Market Value” means, with respect to the Common Stock on a given date, the closing price for the Common Stock for such date, or if such date is not a Business Day, the last reported sale price for the Common Stock for the last Business Day preceding such date, as quoted on the New York Stock Exchange or another exchange; provided, however, that if the Common Stock ceases to be listed for trading on the New York Stock Exchange or another exchange, “Fair Market Value” of the Common Stock for a given date shall mean the value determined in good faith by the Board. (r)“New Purchase Date” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 18(b) hereof. (s)“Officer” means a person who has been designated by the Board as a reporting officer for purposes of Section 16 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. (t)“Participant” means any Employee who is eligible and has elected to participate in the Plan accordance with Sections 3 and 5 hereof and who has not withdrawn from the Plan or whose participation in the Plan is not otherwise terminated. (u)“Plan” means this 2007 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as may be amended from time to time. (v)“Purchase Date” means the last calendar day of each Contribution Period of the Plan. (w)“Purchase Price” means with respect to a Contribution Period that price as announced by the Committee prior to the first Business Day of that Contribution Period, which price may, in the discretion of the Committee, be a price which is not fixed or determinable as of the first Business Day of that Contribution Period; provided, however, that in no event shall the Purchase Price for any Contribution Period be less than the lesser of 85% of the Fair Market Value of a Share on the Commencement Date or 2 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- on the Purchase Date, in each case rounded up to the next higher full cent. If the Commencement Date or the Purchase Date is not a Business Day, then the Purchase Price for any Contribution Period shall not be less than the lesser of 85% of the Fair Market Value of a Share on the Business Day immediately preceding the Commencement Date or the Purchase Date. (x)“Share” means a share of Common Stock, as adjusted in accordance with Section 18 hereof. (y)“Subsidiary” means a corporation, domestic or foreign, of which not less than 50% of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock is held by the Company or any such subsidiary of the Company, whether or not such corporation now exists or is hereafter organized or acquired by the Company or another such subsidiary of the Company. “Subsidiary” also means an unincorporated business entity, such as a limited liability company or partnership, in which the Company holds directly or indirectly not less than 50% of the total combined voting power with respect to all classes of equity ownership of such entity, whether or not such unincorporated business entity now exists or is hereafter organized or acquired by the Company or another Subsidiary of the Company, but only if such entity either (i) has duly elected under applicable treasury regulations to be an association treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes, and such election continues in effect; or (ii) is disregarded as a separate entity for federal income tax purposes, has not made an election described in clause (i) of this sentence and, pursuant to applicable treasury regulations, its assets are considered to be owned by another Subsidiary that is a corporation or is treated as one under clause (i) of this sentence. Section 3.Eligibility. (a)Any person who is an Employee and has completed 30 days of continuous employment service for the Company or one or more of its Designated Subsidiaries shall become eligible to participate in the Plan on the first day of the month coincident with or following completion of such period of service, subject to the requirements of Section 5(a) hereof and the limitations imposed by Section 423(b) of the Code. (b)Any provisions of the Plan to the contrary notwithstanding, no Employee shall be granted an option under the Plan (i) if, immediately after the grant, such Employee (together with any other person whose stock would be attributed to such Employee pursuant to Section 424(d) of the Code) would own capital stock of the Company and/or hold outstanding options to purchase stock possessing 5% or more of the total combined voting power or value of all classes of stock of the Company or of any Subsidiary of the Company, or (ii) if such option would permit his or her rights to purchase stock under all employee stock purchase plans (described in Section 423 of the Code) of the Company and its Subsidiaries to accrue at a rate that exceeds $25,000 of the Fair Market Value of such stock (determined at the time such option is granted), or that exceeds 2,000 Shares, for each calendar year in which such option is outstanding at any time. Section 4.Contribution Periods. The Plan shall be implemented by a series of consecutive Contribution Periods. The first Contribution Period shall commence on August 1, 2007 and shall end on July 31, 2008. The Plan shall continue until terminated in accordance with Sections 19 and 22 hereof. Section 5. Participation. (a)An eligible Employee may become a Participant by following the established enrollment procedure as directed by the Committee, or other entity designated by the Committee, prior to the Commencement Date of the applicable Contribution Period, unless an earlier or later time for completing 3 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- the enrollment procedure is set by the Committee for all eligible Employees with respect to a given Contribution Period. The eligible Employee shall determine the amount of the Participant's Compensation (subject to Section 6(a) hereof) to be paid as Contributions pursuant to the Plan. (b)Payroll deductions shall commence on the first payroll paid on or following the Commencement Date and shall end on the last payroll paid on or prior to the Purchase Date of the Contribution Period, unless sooner terminated as provided in Section 10 hereof. A Participant who has elected to participate in a Contribution Period shall automatically participate in the next Contribution Period until such time as such Participant withdraws from the Plan or terminates employment as provided in Section 10 hereof. Section 6.Method of Payment of Contributions. (a)Contribution Amounts. A Participant shall elect to have payroll deductions made on each payroll paid during the Contribution Period in full dollar amounts not less than $5 and not more than 10% of the Participant's rate of Compensation in effect at the time of enrollment (or such other maximum percentage as the Board may establish from time to time before any Commencement Date). All payroll deductions made by a Participant shall be credited to his or her Account under the Plan. A Participant may not make any additional payments into his or her Account. No assets in a Participant's Account shall be subject to the debts, contracts, liabilities, engagements or torts of the Participant. (b)Contribution Changes by a Participant. (i)A Participant may discontinue his or her participation in the Plan as provided in Section 10 hereof. (ii)Unless otherwise provided by the Committee, a Participant may decrease the amount of his or her Contributions once during a Contribution Period by following the established administrative procedures as directed by the Committee to authorize a decrease in the payroll deduction amount. The decrease in amount shall be effective as soon as administratively feasible following the date of receipt by the Company, or other entity designated by the Committee. However, any decrease in amount must be made at least 30 days prior to the end of the Contribution Period to ensure such decrease shall be effective within the current Contribution Period. (iii)Unless otherwise provided by the Committee, a Participant may not increase the amount of his or her Contributions during a Contribution Period. A Participant may only increase the amount of his or her Contributions with respect to a future Contribution Period by following the established administrative procedures as directed by the Committee to authorize an increase in the payroll deduction amount. The increase in amount shall be effective as of the Commencement Date of the next Contribution Period following the date of receipt by the Company, or other entity designated by the Committee. (c)Contribution Changes by the Company. (i)Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the extent necessary to comply with Section 423(b)(8) of the Code and Section 3(b) hereof, a Participant's payroll deductions may be adjusted during any Contribution Period, subject to the discretion of the Committee. Payroll deductions shall re‐commence at the amount provided in such Participant's most recently submitted enrollment materials at the beginning of the first Contribution Period that is scheduled to end in the next succeeding calendar year, unless terminated by the Participant as provided in Section 10 hereof. (ii)If a Participant goes on an approved paid leave of absence during a Contribution Period, the Participant's payroll deductions shall continue in effect during such leave unless the Participant is deemed to incur a termination of his or her Continuous Status as an Employee prior to the Purchase Date of the Contribution Period (i.e., because the leave exceeds three months and re‐employment upon the expiration of such leave is not guaranteed by contract or statute). 4 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (iii)If a Participant goes on an approved unpaid leave of absence during a Contribution Period, the Participant's payroll deductions shall be suspended during such leave. Except as otherwise provided by the Committee, if such Participant returns from leave (without incurring a termination of his or her Continuous Status as an Employee), payroll deductions shall resume at an adjusted amount to account for payroll deductions in arrears, unless the Participant elects to decrease the amount of his or her Contributions as set forth in Section 6(b) above). Section 7.Grant of Option. On the Commencement Date of each Contribution Period, each eligible Employee participating in such Contribution Period shall be granted an option to purchase on the Purchase Date a number of Shares determined by dividing such Employee's Contributions accumulated prior to such Purchase Date and retained in the Participant's Account as of the Purchase Date by the applicable Purchase Price, subject to the limitations set forth in Sections 3(b) and 12 hereof. Section 8. Exercise of Option; Refund. (a) Unless a Participant ceases to be an eligible Employee as provided in Section 3, withdraws from the Plan as provided in Section 10 hereof, or affirmatively elects not to exercise all or a portion of his or her option for the purchase of Shares at the end of the Contribution Period (as described below), the option for the purchase of Shares will be exercised automatically on each Purchase Date of each Contribution Period, and the maximum number of Shares (rounded down to the nearest whole Share) subject to the option will be purchased at the applicable Purchase Price with the accumulated Contributions in his or her Account. Unused Contributions representing the amount of any fractional Share shall be returned to the Participant. The Shares purchased upon exercise of an option hereunder shall be deemed to be transferred to the Participant on the Purchase Date. During his or her lifetime, a Participant's option to purchase Shares hereunder is exercisable only by him or her. (b) During the enrollment period that occurs near the end of a Contribution Period and prior to the next Commencement Date, a Participant may elect to have none or only a portion of the accumulated Contributions in his or her Account used to purchase Shares as of the Purchase Date for the then-current Contribution Period (and have the unused balance in the Account refunded). Such election must be made by completing a stock purchase form in the manner prescribed by the Committee, which should specify how much, if any, of the Contributions are to be used to purchase Shares. The unused balance of the Account will be refunded to the Participant. Section 9.Delivery. As promptly as practicable after each Purchase Date of each Contribution Period, the number of Shares purchased by each Participant upon exercise of his or her option shall be delivered in accordance with procedures established from time to time by the Committee, and a transfer agent for the Common Stock may be utilized or a brokerage or nominee account may be established for this purpose. The terms of such transfer agency or brokerage or nominee account shall be at the sole discretion of the Company, and participation in the Plan is expressly conditioned on the acceptance of such terms. Section 10. Withdrawal; Termination of Employment. (a)Voluntary Withdrawal. (i)A Participant may withdraw from the Plan by following the established administrative procedures as directed by the Committee, or other entity designated by the Committee. 5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The withdrawal request will be effective as soon as administratively feasible. However, any withdrawal request must be made at least 30 days prior to the end of a Contribution Period to ensure such withdrawal request shall be effective within such Contribution Period. Once the withdrawal request is effective, all of the Participant's Contributions credited to his or her Account will be paid to him or her, his or her option will be automatically terminated, and no further Contributions for the purchase of Shares will be made absent re‐enrollment. Upon withdrawal from the Plan, a Participant may not re‐enroll in the Plan until the next Contribution Period. In order to re‐enroll, a Participant must follow the provisions set forth under Section 5(a) hereof. (ii)Notwithstanding the foregoing, an Officer shall not have the right to withdraw Contributions credited to his or her account under the Plan except in accordance with Section 10(b) hereof. (b)Termination of Continuous Status as an Employee. (i)Upon termination of the Participant's Continuous Status as an Employee prior to the Purchase Date of a Contribution Period for any reason, including death or retirement, the Contributions credited to his or her Account will be returned to him or her or, in the case of his or her death, to the person or persons entitled thereto under Section 14 hereof, and his or her option will be automatically terminated. Whether the Participant's Continuous Status as an Employee has been terminated shall be determined by the Committee in its sole discretion. In the event that any Designated Subsidiary ceases to be a Designated Subsidiary of the Company, the employees of such Designated Subsidiary shall no longer be Employees for purposes of Section 3(a) hereof as of the date such Designated Subsidiary ceases to be a Designated Subsidiary. (ii)Notwithstanding the foregoing, if any Participant on an approved leave of absence is deemed to incur a termination of the Participant's Continuous Status as an Employee (i.e., because the leave exceeds three months and re‐employment upon the expiration of such leave is not guaranteed by contract or statute) within three months preceding the Purchase Date of a Contribution Period, his or her option will not be terminated, and any Contributions previously credited to the Participant's Account will remain in the Account and be applied toward the purchase of Shares. (c)Hardship Withdrawal. If, during a Contribution Period, the Participant receives a hardship withdrawal under the Company's tax‐qualified cash or deferral arrangement under Section 401(k) of the Code or the Company's non-qualified deferred compensation plan (to the extent required by that plan), the Participant's participation in the Plan shall be discontinued. Once the hardship withdrawal request is effective, all of the Participant's Contributions credited to his or her Account will be paid to him or her, his or her option will be automatically terminated, and no further Contributions for the purchase of Shares will be made absent re‐enrollment. Upon withdrawal from the Plan, a Participant may not re‐enroll in the Plan until the next Contribution Period that begins at least six months after receipt of the hardship distribution. In order to re‐enroll, a Participant must follow the provisions set forth under Section 5(a) hereof. (d)A Participant's withdrawal from the Plan shall not have any effect upon his or her eligibility to participate in any similar plan that may hereafter be adopted by the Company or any Subsidiary. Section 11.Interest. No interest shall accrue on the Contributions or the Account balance of a Participant in the Plan, unless otherwise determined necessary by the Committee for the Accounts of Participants in the portion of the Plan that is not intended to qualify under Section 423 of the Code. 6 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Section 12. Shares. (a)The maximum number of Shares originally authorized for issuance under the Plan was 5,000,000 Shares (subject to adjustment as provided in Section 18 hereof). Effective for Purchase Dates occurring on or after August 1, 2012, the number of Shares available for issuance under the Plan is increased by 6,000,000 Shares to a total of 11,000,000 Shares (subject to adjustment as provided in Section 18 hereof). If on a given Purchase Date, the number of Shares with respect to which options are to be exercised exceeds the number of Shares available for sale under the Plan on such Purchase Date, the Committee shall make a pro rata allocation of the Shares available for purchase on such Purchase Date among all Participants, and the balances in the Accounts shall be refunded to the respective Participants. (b)The Participant shall have no interest or voting right in Shares covered by his or her option until such option has been exercised. Section 13.Administration. (a)The Committee. The Plan shall be administered by a committee (the “Committee”) established by the Board. The members of the Committee need not be directors of the Company and shall be appointed by and serve at the pleasure of the Board. (b)Powers of Committee. The Committee shall supervise and administer the Plan and shall have full power to adopt, amend and rescind any rules deemed desirable and appropriate for the administration of the Plan and not inconsistent with the Plan, to construe and interpret the Plan, and to make all other determinations necessary or advisable for the administration of the Plan. Decisions of the Committee will be final and binding on all parties who have an interest in the Plan. The Committee may delegate ministerial duties to such of the Company's employees, outside entities and outside professionals as the Committee so determines. (c)Power and Authority of the Board. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the Board may, at any time and from time to time, without any further action of the Committee, exercise the powers and duties of the Committee under the Plan. Section 14.Death of Participant. In the event of the death of a Participant, the Company shall deliver any Shares and cash in the Participant's Account to a beneficiary previously designated by the Participant or, if there is no surviving beneficiary duly designated, to the executor or administrator of the estate of the Participant, or if no such executor or administrator has been appointed (to the knowledge of the Company), the Company, in its discretion, may deliver such Shares and/or cash to the spouse or to any one or more dependents or relatives of the Participant, or if no spouse, dependent or relative is known to the Company, then to such other person as the Company may designate. Section 15. Transferability. Neither Contributions credited to a Participant's Account nor any rights with regard to the exercise of an option or to receive Shares under the Plan may be assigned, transferred, pledged or otherwise disposed of in any way (other than as provided in Section 14 hereof) by the Participant. Any such attempt at assignment, transfer, pledge or other disposition shall be without effect, except that the Company may treat such act as an election to withdraw funds in accordance with Section 10 hereof. 7 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Section 16. Use of Funds. All Contributions received or held by the Company under the Plan may be used by the Company for any corporate purpose, and the Company shall not be obligated to segregate such Contributions. The Plan is unfunded and shall not create nor be construed to create a trust or separate fund of any kind or a fiduciary relationship among the Company, the Board, the Committee and the Participant. To the extent a Participant acquires a right to receive payment from the Company pursuant to the Plan, such right shall be no greater than the right of any unsecured general creditor of the Company. Section 17. Reports. Accounts will be maintained for each Participant in the Plan. Account statements will be made available to participating Employees by the Company and will set forth the amounts of Contributions, the Purchase Price per Share, the number of Shares purchased and the remaining cash balance, if any. Section 18. Adjustments Upon Changes in Capitalization; Corporate Transactions. (a)Adjustment. The number of Shares set forth in Section 12 hereof, the price per Share covered by each option under the Plan that has not yet been exercised and the maximum number of Shares that may be purchased by a Participant in a calendar year pursuant to Section 3(b) hereof, shall be proportionately adjusted for any increase or decrease in the number of outstanding Shares resulting from a stock split, reverse stock split, stock dividend, combination or reclassification of the Common Stock (including any such change in the number of Shares effected in connection with a change in domicile of the Company). Such adjustment shall be made by the Board, whose determination in that respect shall be final, binding and conclusive. Except as expressly provided herein, no issue by the Company of shares of stock of any class, or securities convertible into shares of stock of any class, shall affect, and no adjustment by reason thereof shall be made with respect to, the number or price of Shares issuable hereunder or subject to an option hereunder. (b)Corporate Transactions. In the event of a dissolution or liquidation of the Company, any Contribution Period then in progress will terminate immediately prior to the consummation of such action, unless otherwise provided by the Board in its sole discretion, and in such event, all outstanding options shall automatically terminate and the balance in the Accounts shall be refunded to the respective Participants. In the event of a Corporate Transaction, each option outstanding under the Plan shall be assumed or an equivalent option shall be substituted by the successor corporation or a parent or subsidiary of such successor corporation. In the event that the successor corporation refuses to assume or substitute for outstanding options, the Contribution Period then in progress shall be shortened and a new Purchase Date shall be set (the “New Purchase Date”), as of which date the Contribution Period then in progress will terminate. The New Purchase Date shall be on or before the date of consummation of the Corporate Transaction and the Board shall notify each Participant in writing, at least 10 days prior to the New Purchase Date, that the Purchase Date for his or her option has been changed to the New Purchase Date and that his or her option will be exercised automatically on the New Purchase Date, unless prior to such date he or she has withdrawn from the Plan as provided in Section 10 hereof. For purposes of this Section 18, an option granted under the Plan shall be deemed to be assumed, without limitation, if, at the time of issuance of the stock or other consideration upon a Corporate Transaction, each holder of an option under the Plan would be entitled to receive upon exercise of the option the same number and kind of shares of stock or the same amount of property, cash or securities as such holder would have been entitled to receive upon the occurrence of the Corporate Transaction if the holder had been, immediately prior to the Corporate Transaction, the holder of the number of Shares covered by the option at such time (after giving effect to any adjustments in the number of Shares covered by the option as provided for in 8 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- this Section 18); provided however that if the consideration received in the transaction is not solely common stock of the successor corporation or its parent (as defined in Section 424(e) of the Code), the Board may, with the consent of the successor corporation, provide for the consideration to be received upon exercise of the option to be solely common stock of the successor corporation or its parent equal in fair market value, as determined by the Committee, to the per Share consideration received by holders of Common Stock in the Corporate Transaction. The Board may, if it so determines in the exercise of its sole discretion, also make provision for adjusting the number of Shares set forth in Section 12 hereof, as well as the price per Share covered by each outstanding option, in the event that the Company effects one or more reorganizations, recapitalizations, rights offerings or other increases or reductions of its outstanding Common Stock, and in the event the Company is consolidated with or merged into any other corporation. Section 19. Amendment or Termination. (a)The Board may at any time and for any reason terminate or amend the Plan. Except as provided in Section 18 hereof, no such termination of the Plan may affect options previously granted, provided that the Plan or the Contribution Period may be terminated by the Board on a Purchase Date or by the Board's setting a new Purchase Date with respect to a Contribution Period then in progress if the Board determines that termination of the Plan and/or the Contribution Period is in the best interests of the Company and the shareholders or if continuation of the Plan and/or the Contribution Period would cause the Company to incur adverse accounting charges as a result of a change after the effective date of the Plan in the generally accepted accounting principles applicable to the Plan. Except as provided in Section 18 hereof and in this Section 19, no amendment to the Plan shall make any change in any option previously granted that adversely affects the rights of any Participant. In addition, to the extent necessary to comply with Rule 16b‐3 under the Exchange Act or Section 423 of the Code (or, in either case, any successor rule or provision or any applicable law or regulation) or the requirements of any stock exchange upon which the Shares may then be listed, the Company shall obtain shareholder approval in such a manner and to such a degree as so required. (b)Without shareholder approval and without regard to whether any Participant rights may be considered to have been adversely affected, the Board shall be entitled to change the Contribution Periods and/or the Purchase Price as permitted under the Plan, limit the frequency and/or number of changes in the amount deducted during a Contribution Period, establish the exchange ratio applicable to amounts deducted in a currency other than U.S. dollars, permit payroll deductions in excess of the amount designated by a Participant in order to adjust for delays or mistakes in the Company's processing of properly completed payroll deduction elections, establish reasonable waiting and adjustment periods and/or accounting and crediting procedures to ensure that amounts applied toward the purchase of Shares for each Participant properly correspond with amounts deducted from the Participant's Compensation, and establish such other limitations or procedures as the Board determines in its sole discretion to be advisable and consistent with the Plan. Section 20.Notices. All notices or other communications by a Participant to the Company under or in connection with the Plan shall be deemed to have been duly given when received in the form specified by the Company at the location, or by the person, designated by the Company for the receipt thereof. Section 21. Conditions Upon Issuance of Shares. Shares shall not be issued with respect to an option unless the exercise of such option and the issuance and delivery of such Shares pursuant thereto shall comply with all applicable provisions of law, 9 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- domestic or foreign, including, without limitation, the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Exchange Act, the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, applicable state securities laws and the requirements of any stock exchange upon which the Shares may then be listed, and shall be further subject to the approval of counsel for the Company with respect to such compliance. As a condition to the exercise of an option, the Company may require the person exercising such option to represent and warrant at the time of any such exercise that the Shares are being purchased only for investment and without any present intention to sell or distribute such Shares if, in the opinion of counsel for the Company, such a representation is required by any of the aforementioned applicable provisions of law. Section 22. Term of Plan; Effective Date. The Plan shall become effective upon approval by the Company's shareholders. It shall continue in effect until all of the Shares set forth in Section 12 hereof are exhausted or such earlier time as the Plan is terminated pursuant to Section 19 hereof. Section 23. Additional Restrictions of Rule 16b‐3. The terms and conditions of options granted hereunder to, and the purchase of Shares by, Officers shall comply with the applicable provisions of Rule 16b‐3. This Plan shall be deemed to contain, and such options shall be deemed to contain, and the Shares issued upon exercise thereof shall be subject to, such additional conditions and restrictions as may be required by Rule 16b‐3 to qualify for the maximum exemption from Section 16 of the Exchange Act with respect to Plan transactions. Section 24. Governing Law. The internal law, and not the law of conflicts, of the State of Minnesota, shall govern all questions concerning the validity, construction and effect of the Plan, and any rules and regulations relating to the Plan. Section 25. Severability. If any provision of the Plan is or becomes invalid, illegal, or unenforceable in any jurisdiction or would disqualify the Plan under any law, such provision shall be construed or deemed amended to conform to applicable laws, or if it cannot be so construed or deemed amended without materially altering the intent of the Plan, such provision shall be stricken as to such jurisdiction, and the remainder of the Plan shall remain in full force and effect. Section 26. No Rights as an Employee. This Plan shall not form part of any contract of employment between the Company or any of the Designated Subsidiaries or Subsidiaries not constituting Designated Subsidiaries nor shall this Plan amend, abrogate or affect any existing employment contract between the Company or any Designated Subsidiary or any Subsidiary not being a Designated Subsidiary and their respective employees. Nothing in the Plan shall be construed to give any person (including an Employee or Participant) the right to remain in the employ of the Company or a Subsidiary or to affect the right of the Company or a Subsidiary to terminate the employment of any person (including the Employee or Participant) at any time with or without cause. Nothing in this Plan shall confer on any person any legal or equitable right against the Company or any Subsidiary, or give rise to any cause of action at law or in equity against the 10 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Company or any Subsidiary. Neither the Shares purchased hereunder nor any other benefits conferred hereby, including the right to purchase Common Stock at a discount, shall form any part of the wages or salary of any eligible Employee for purposes of severance pay or termination indemnities, irrespective of the reason for termination of employment. Under no circumstances shall any person ceasing to be an Employee be entitled to any compensation for any loss of any right or benefit under this Plan which such Employee might otherwise have enjoyed but for termination of employment, whether such compensation is claimed by way of damages for wrongful or unfair dismissal, breach of contract or otherwise. Section 27. International Participants. The Committee shall have the power and authority to allow any of the Company's Subsidiaries other than Designated Subsidiaries to adopt and join in the portion of this Plan that is not intended to comply with Section 423 of the Code and to allow employees of such Subsidiaries who work or reside outside of the United States an opportunity to acquire Shares in accordance with such special terms and conditions as the Committee may establish from time to time, which terms and conditions may modify the terms and conditions of the Plan set forth elsewhere in this Plan. Without limiting the authority of the Committee, the special terms and conditions which may be established with respect to any foreign country, and which need not be the same for all foreign countries, include but are not limited to the right to participate, procedures for elections to participate, the payment of any interest with respect to amounts received from or credited to accounts held for the benefit of participants, the purchase price of any Shares to be acquired, the length of any Contribution Period, the maximum amount of contributions, credits or Shares which may be acquired by any participating employees, and a participating employee's rights in the event of his or her death, disability, withdrawal from participation in the purchase of Shares hereunder, or termination of employment. Any purchases made pursuant to the provisions of this Section 27 shall not be subject to the requirements of Section 423 of the Code. Section 28. Taxes. Participants are responsible for the payment of all income taxes, employment, social insurance, welfare and other taxes under applicable law relating to any amounts deemed under the laws of the country of their residency or of the organization of the Subsidiary employing such Participant to constitute income arising out of the Plan, the purchase and sale of Shares pursuant to the Plan and the distribution of Shares or cash to the Participant in accordance with this Plan. Each Participant hereby authorizes the relevant Subsidiary to make appropriate withholding deductions from each Participant's compensation, which shall be in addition to any payroll deductions made pursuant to Section 6, and to pay such amounts to the appropriate tax authorities in the relevant country or countries in order to satisfy any of the above tax liabilities of the Participant under applicable law. 11 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Section 29. Acceptance of Terms. By participating in the Plan, each Participant shall be deemed to have accepted all the conditions of the Plan and the terms and conditions of any rules and regulations adopted by the Committee and shall be fully bound thereby. Adopted by the Board on February 23, 2007 and approved by Shareholders on May 16, 2007. Amended by the Board on February 24, 2012 and approved by Shareholders on May 3, 2012, but effective for Contribution Periods and Purchase Dates beginning on and after August 1, 2012. Amended by the Board on May 1, 2013 and effective August 1, 2013. 12
pl	legislation	EU	5.2.2010 PL Dziennik Urzędowy Unii Europejskiej L 34/7 ROZPORZĄDZENIE KOMISJI (UE) NR 97/2010 z dnia 4 lutego 2010 r. rejestrujące w rejestrze gwarantowanych tradycyjnych specjalności nazwę [Pizza Napoletana (GTS)] KOMISJA EUROPEJSKA, uwzględniając Traktat o funkcjonowaniu Unii Europejskiej, uwzględniając rozporządzenie Rady (WE) nr 509/2006 z dnia 20 marca 2006 r. w sprawie produktów rolnych i środków spożywczych będących gwarantowanymi tradycyjnymi specjalnościami (1), w szczególności jego art. 9 ust. 5 akapit trzeci, a także mając na uwadze, co następuje: (1) Zgodnie z art. 8 ust. 2 akapit pierwszy rozporządzenia (WE) nr 509/2006 oraz na mocy art. 19 ust. 3 wymienionego rozporządzenia wniosek Włoch o rejestrację nazwy „Pizza Napoletana” został opublikowany w Dzienniku Urzędowym Unii Europejskiej (2). (2) Niemcy i Polska zgłosiły sprzeciw wobec rejestracji zgodnie z art. 9 ust. 1 rozporządzenia (WE) nr 509/2006. Sprzeciwy zostały uznane za dopuszczalne na podstawie art. 9 ust. 3 akapit pierwszy lit. a) tego rozporządzenia. (3) Oświadczenie o sprzeciwie wniesione przez Niemcy dotyczyło w szczególności obawy, że rejestracja będzie niekorzystna dla niemieckiej mąki pszennej, zważywszy że na podstawie specyfikacji dopuszcza się tylko jeden rodzaj mąki pszennej dostępny w jednym państwie członkowskim, a mianowicie we Włoszech. (4) Oświadczenie o sprzeciwie wniesione przez Polskę dotyczyło natomiast w szczególności faktu, że nazwa nie jest specyficzna sama w sobie, a opublikowany wniosek o rejestrację nie zawiera odpowiednich wyjaśnień. (5) Pismem z dnia 17 września 2008 r. Komisja wezwała zainteresowane państwa członkowskie do osiągnięcia porozumienia zgodnie z ich procedurami wewnętrznymi. (6) W terminie sześciu miesięcy Włochy i Niemcy osiągnęły porozumienie, które zostało zgłoszone Komisji w dniu 24 lutego 2009 r. i przez nią zatwierdzone. Zgodnie z tym porozumieniem ograniczenia związane z używaniem niektórych rodzajów mąki pszennej zostały zniesione. (7) Mając jednak na uwadze fakt, że Polska i Włochy nie osiągnęły porozumienia w przewidzianym terminie, Komisja jest zobowiązana do podjęcia decyzji zgodnie z procedurą, o której mowa w art. 18 ust. 2 rozporządzenia (WE) nr 509/2006. (8) W tym kontekście i w wyniku sprzeciwu Polski wyjaśnienia wskazujące, że nazwa, której dotyczy wniosek o rejestrację, jest specyficzna sama w sobie, zostały dodane do specyfikacji produktu. (9) W świetle tych elementów nazwę „Pizza Napoletana” należy zarejestrować w rejestrze gwarantowanych tradycyjnych specjalności. Nie wystąpiono o ochronę nazwy, o której mowa w art. 13 ust. 2 rozporządzenia (WE) nr 509/2006. (10) Środki przewidziane w niniejszym rozporządzeniu są zgodne z opinią Stałego Komitetu ds. Gwarantowanych Tradycyjnych Specjalności, PRZYJMUJE NINIEJSZE ROZPORZĄDZENIE: Artykuł 1 Nazwa wymieniona w załączniku do niniejszego rozporządzenia zostaje zarejestrowana. Artykuł 2 Skonsolidowana specyfikacja produktu znajduje się w załączniku II do niniejszego rozporządzenia. Artykuł 3 Niniejsze rozporządzenie wchodzi w życie dwudziestego dnia po jego opublikowaniu w Dzienniku Urzędowym Unii Europejskiej. Niniejsze rozporządzenie wiąże w całości i jest bezpośrednio stosowane we wszystkich państwach członkowskich. Sporządzono w Brukseli dnia 4 lutego 2010 r. W imieniu Komisji José Manuel BARROSO Przewodniczący (1) Dz.U. L 93 z 31.3.2006, s. 1. (2) Dz.U. C 40 z 14.2.2008, s. 17. ZAŁĄCZNIK I Środki spożywcze, o których mowa w załączniku I do rozporządzenia (WE) nr 509/2006 Klasa 2.3. Wyroby cukiernicze, chleb, ciasta, ciastka, herbatniki i inne wyroby piekarnicze WŁOCHY Pizza Napoletana (GTS) ZAŁĄCZNIK II WNIOSEK O REJESTRACJĘ GTS Rozporządzenie Rady (WE) nr 509/2006 w sprawie produktów rolnych i środków spożywczych będących gwarantowanymi tradycyjnymi specjalnościami „PIZZA NAPOLETANA” Nr WE: IT/TSG/007/0031/09.02.2005 1. NAZWA I ADRES GRUPY SKŁADAJĄCEJ WNIOSEK Nazwa : Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana Adres : Via S. Maria La Nova 49, Napoli Tel. : 0814201205 Faks : 0814201205 e-mail : info@pizzanapoletana.org Nazwa : Associazione Pizzaiuoli Napoletani Adres : Corso S. Giovanni a Teduccio, 55 Napoli Tel. : 0815590781 Faks : 0815590781 e-mail : info@pizzaiuolinapoletani.it direttivo@pizzaiuolinapoletani.it 2. PAŃSTWO CZŁONKOWSKIE LUB KRAJ TRZECI Włochy 3. SPECYFIKACJA PRODUKTU 3.1. Nazwa przeznaczona do rejestracji „Pizza Napoletana” Wnioskuje się o rejestrację wyłącznie w języku włoskim. Informacja „Prodotta secondo la Tradizione napoletana” (wyprodukowano tradycyjną metodą neapolitańską) oraz skrót „STG” (GTS), które stanowią część logo/etykiety „Pizza Napoletana” GTS, są przetłumaczone na język kraju, w którym produkt jest wytwarzany. 3.2. Należy wskazać, czy nazwa X jest specyficzna sama w sobie  wyraża specyficzny charakter produktu rolnego lub środka spożywczego Nazwa „Pizza Napoletana” jest tradycyjnie stosowana do oznaczania tego produktu, co poświadczają różne źródła wskazane w pkt 3.8. 3.3. Należy wskazać, czy wniosek obejmuje zastrzeżenie nazwy na mocy art. 13 ust. 2 rozporządzenia (WE) nr 509/2006  Rejestracja z zastrzeżeniem nazwy X Rejestracja bez zastrzeżenia nazwy 3.4. Rodzaj produktu Klasa 2.3. Wyroby cukiernicze, chleb, ciasta, ciastka, herbatniki i inne wyroby piekarnicze 3.5. Opis produktu rolnego lub środka spożywczego, którego dotyczy nazwa wskazana w punkcie 3.1 „Pizza Napoletana” GTS to produkt pieczony w piecu, okrągły, o zmiennej średnicy, która jednak nie może przekroczyć 35 cm, z wysokimi brzegami i częścią środkową pokrytą farszem. Grubość części środkowej wynosi 0,4 cm z dopuszczalnym odchyleniem ± 10 %, a grubość brzegu 1-2 cm. Pizza w całości jest miękka, elastyczna i łatwo daje się złożyć na cztery. „Pizza Napoletana” GTS charakteryzuje się wysokim brzegiem o złotawym kolorze, typowym dla produktów pieczonych w piecu. Jest miękka w dotyku i przy degustacji; środek jest pokryty farszem, w którym wyróżnia się czerwony kolor pomidorów dokładnie wymieszanych z oliwą oraz, w zależności od zastosowanych składników, zieleń oregano i biel czosnku; widoczne są również białe plamy kawałków sera mozzarella ułożonych w różnych odległościach od siebie, zieleń listków świeżej bazylii mniej lub bardziej pociemniałej podczas pieczenia. „Pizza Napoletana” musi być miękka, elastyczna, dająca się łatwo złożyć. Produkt łatwo poddaje się krojeniu; posiada charakterystyczny aromatyczny smak dzięki brzegom o smaku typowym dla dobrze wyrośniętego i dobrze wypieczonego chleba, pomieszany z kwaskowatym smakiem pomidorów, aromatem odpowiednio oregano, czosnku lub bazylii oraz zapieczonego sera mozzarella. Po zakończeniu procesu pieczenia pizza ma charakterystyczny zapach – intensywny i przyjemny; pomidory, utraciwszy tylko nadmiar wody, pozostają gęste i zwarte; zastosowany ser Mozzarella di Bufala Campana CHNP lub Mozzarella GTS jest roztopiony na powierzchni pizzy; bazylia oraz czosnek i oregano wydzielają intensywny aromat, przy czym nie wyglądają na przypalone. 3.6. Opis metody produkcji produktu rolnego lub środka spożywczego, którego dotyczy nazwa wskazana w punkcie 3.1 Podstawowymi surowcami, charakterystycznymi dla „Pizza Napoletana”, są: mąka pszenna, drożdże piwne, naturalna woda pitna, pomidory bez skórki lub świeże pomidory koktajlowe (pomodorini), sól morska lub sól kuchenna, oliwa z oliwek najwyższej jakości z pierwszego tłoczenia. Innymi składnikami, które mogą być użyte do przygotowania „Pizza Napoletana”, są: czosnek lub oregano; Mozzarella di Bufala Campana CHNP, świeża bazylia i Mozzarella GTS. Właściwości mąki są następujące: — : W : 220-380 — : P/L : 0,50-0,70 — : Chłonność : 55-62 — : Stabilność : 4-12 — : Wskaźnik wartości E10 : max. 60 — : Liczba opadania : 300-400 — : Suchy gluten : 9,5-11 g % — : Białko : 11-12,5 g % Przygotowanie „Pizza Napoletana” obejmuje wyłącznie następujące etapy pracy, realizowane w jednym i ciągłym cyklu. Przygotowanie ciasta Wymieszać mąkę, wodę, sól i drożdże. Wlać litr wody do ugniatarki, rozpuścić sól morską w ilości 50-55 g, dodać 10 % mąki z całej przewidzianej ilości, a następnie rozpuścić 3 g drożdży piwnych, włączyć ugniatarkę i dodawać stopniowo 1 800 g mąki W 220-380 aż do osiągnięcia wymaganej konsystencji, określonej jako „punkt ciasta”. Ta czynność musi trwać 10 minut. Ciasto należy wyrabiać w ugniatarce, najlepiej z widełkami, przez 20 minut na niskich obrotach, aż do uzyskania jednorodnej i spójnej masy. Aby uzyskać optymalną konsystencję ciasta bardzo ważna jest ilość wody, którą mąka jest w stanie wchłonąć. Ciasto w dotyku nie może być klejące, musi być miękkie i elastyczne. Właściwości ciasta są następujące (dla każdej wartości dopuszcza się odchylenia ± 10 %): — : Temperatura fermentacji : 25 °C — : pH końcowe : 5,87 — : Całkowita kwasowość miareczkowa : 0,14 — : Gęstość : 0,79 g/cm3 (+ 34 %) Wyrastanie ciasta Pierwsza faza: po wyjęciu ciasta z ugniatarki należy położyć je na blacie roboczym i pozostawić na 2 godziny przykryte wilgotną płócienną ściereczką, aby powierzchnia nie stwardniała i by z powodu odparowywania wilgoci z ciasta nie utworzyła się skórka. Po upływie 2 godzin wyrastania przystępuje się do formowania bochenków ciasta, którą to czynność piekarz (pizzaiolo) wykonuje wyłącznie ręcznie. Za pomocą łopatki odcina on z przygotowanej i odłożonej na blacie mieszanki porcję wyrośniętego ciasta, a następnie nadaje mu kształt bochenka. Bochenki ciasta, z których wykonuje się „Pizza Napoletana”, muszą ważyć 180-250 g. Druga faza wyrastania: po uformowaniu (wycięciu) bochenków następuje druga faza wyrastania ciasta – w pudełkach przeznaczonych do kontaktu z żywnością; faza ta trwa 4-6 godzin. Tak przygotowane ciasto, przechowywane w temperaturze otoczenia, jest gotowe do użycia w ciągu kolejnych 6 godzin. Formowanie Po wyrośnięciu bochenek ciasta wyjmowany jest z pudełka za pomocą łopatki i odkładany na blat, posypany cienką warstwą mąki, aby uniknąć przyklejania się ciasta do blatu. Ruchem od środka na zewnątrz, naciskając palcami obydwu rąk, należy obrócić bochenek kilkakrotnie i uformować krążek w taki sposób, by w środku jego grubość nie przekraczała 0,4 cm, przy czym dopuszcza się odchylenia ± 10 %, a na brzegach 1-2 cm, tworząc w ten sposób „wysoki brzeg”. W celu wytworzenia „Pizza Napoletana” GTS nie dopuszcza się innych sposobów przygotowywania ciasta, a w szczególności używania wałka do ciasta lub maszyny tarczowej typu prasa mechaniczna. Farsz Farsz na „Pizza Napoletana” nakłada się w niżej opisany sposób: — za pomocą łyżki nakłada się na środku krążka ciasta 70-100 g rozdrobnionych pomidorów bez skórki, — ruchem spiralnym pomidory rozkłada się na całej powierzchni środkowej, — ruchem spiralnym posypuje się solą powierzchnię, na której rozłożono pomidory, — w ten sam sposób posypuje się szczyptą oregano, — ząbek czosnku, uprzednio obrany ze skórki, kroi się na kawałki, które układa się na pomidorach, — z naczynia z dzióbkiem polewa się ruchem spiralnym powierzchnię, rozpoczynając od środka, 4-5 gramami oliwy z oliwek najwyższej jakości z pierwszego tłoczenia, przy czym dopuszczalne jest odchylenie + 20 %. Lub: — za pomocą łyżki nakłada się na środku krążka ciasta 60-80 g rozdrobnionych pomidorów bez skórki lub świeżych pokrojonych małych pomidorów, — ruchem spiralnym pomidory rozkłada się na całej powierzchni środkowej, — ruchem spiralnym posypuje się solą powierzchnię, na której rozłożono pomidory, — 80-100 g sera Mozzarella di Bufala Campana CHNP pokrojonego w plastry rozkłada się na powierzchni, na której rozłożono pomidory, — na pizzy układa się kilka listków świeżej bazylii, — z naczynia z dzióbkiem polewa się ruchem spiralnym powierzchnię, rozpoczynając od środka, 4-5 gramami oliwy z oliwek najwyższej jakości z pierwszego tłoczenia, przy czym dopuszczalne jest odchylenie + 20 %. Lub: — za pomocą łyżki nakłada się na środku krążka ciasta 60-80 g rozdrobnionych pomidorów bez skórki, — ruchem spiralnym pomidory rozkłada się na całej powierzchni środkowej, — ruchem spiralnym posypuje się solą powierzchnię, na której rozłożono pomidory, — 80-100 g sera Mozzarella GTS pokrojonego w plastry rozkłada się na powierzchni, na której rozłożono pomidory, — na pizzy układa się kilka listków świeżej bazylii, — z naczynia z dzióbkiem polewa się ruchem spiralnym powierzchnię, rozpoczynając od środka, 4-5 gramami oliwy z oliwek najwyższej jakości z pierwszego tłoczenia, przy czym dopuszczalne jest odchylenie + 20 %. Pieczenie Piekarz nanosi pizzę z farszem na drewnianą (lub aluminiową) łopatkę; ułatwia sobie tę czynność, posypując łopatkę mąką i wykonując ruchy obrotowe. Aby pizza ześlizgnęła się na płytę pieca, należy wykonać szybki ruch nadgarstkiem, tak by uniemożliwić wypłynięcie farszu. Pieczenie „Pizza Napoletana” GTS odbywa się wyłącznie w piecach opalanych drewnem, w których osiągana jest temperatura pieczenia 485 °C, która ma zasadnicze znaczenie dla uzyskania „Pizza Napoletana” GTS. Piekarz sprawdza proces pieczenia, podnosząc brzeg pizzy za pomocą metalowej łopatki i obracając pizzę w kierunku ognia, wykorzystując zawsze tę samą część płyty paleniska, by uniknąć przypalenia się pizzy z powodu różnicy temperatury. Ważne jest, by pizza była pieczona w sposób jednorodny na całym swoim obwodzie. Po zakończeniu pieczenia piekarz, również za pomocą metalowej łopatki, wyjmuje pizzę z pieca i układa ją na talerzu. Czas pieczenia nie może przekraczać 60-90 sekund. Po upieczeniu pizza musi mieć następujące cechy: pomidory, utraciwszy tylko nadmiar wody, pozostają gęste i zwarte; zastosowany ser Mozzarella di Bufala Campana CHNP lub Mozzarella GTS jest roztopiony na powierzchni pizzy; bazylia oraz czosnek i oregano wydzielają intensywny aromat, przy czym nie wyglądają na przypalone. — Temperatura pieczenia na płycie dolnej: około 485 °C — Temperatura pieczenia przy sklepieniu pieca: około 430 °C — Czas pieczenia: 60-90 sekund — Temperatura, jaką osiąga ciasto: 60-65 °C — Temperatura, jaką osiągają pomidory: 75-80 °C — Temperatura, jaką osiąga oliwa: 75-85 °C — Temperatura, jaką osiąga ser mozzarella: 65-70 °C Przechowywanie Zaleca się natychmiastowe spożycie „Pizza Napoletana”, bezpośrednio po jej wyjęciu z pieca, w miejscu wytworzenia. Jeśli jednak nie jest spożywana w miejscu wytworzenia, nie może być zamrażana lub pakowana próżniowo celem późniejszej sprzedaży. 3.7. Specyficzny charakter produktu rolnego lub środka spożywczego Kluczowe elementy, stanowiące o specyficznym charakterze przedmiotowego produktu, są wielorakie i bezpośrednio związane z czasem trwania i sposobami wykonywania czynności, a także z umiejętnościami i doświadczeniem wytwórcy. W szczególności proces przygotowania „Pizza Napoletana” charakteryzuje się: ugniataniem, konsystencją i elastycznością ciasta (reologia) oraz specyficznym procesem wyrastania (rozłożonym na dwie fazy o różnym czasie trwania, przebiegające w różnych temperaturach); przygotowaniem i formowaniem bochenków; ręcznym przygotowywaniem krążka z wyrośniętego ciasta; przygotowaniem pieca i charakterystyką pieczenia (czas/temperatura), szczególnymi właściwościami pieca, który musi być opalany wyłącznie drewnem. Dla przykładu podkreśla się znaczenie drugiej fazy wyrastania, ręcznego formowania ciasta oraz używanych urządzeń i narzędzi, tj. pieca, który obowiązkowo musi być opalany drewnem, oraz łopat. Po drugiej fazie wyrastania bochenek ciasta zwiększa objętość i wilgotność w porównaniu z poprzednią fazą. Kiedy zaczyna się naciskać palcami obydwu dłoni, przyłożona siła powoduje przesunięcia pęcherzyków powietrza znajdujących się w masie ciasta, od środka ku brzegom krążka – w ten sposób formuje się tzw. „wysoki brzeg”. Ta technika stanowi zasadniczą cechę „Pizza Napoletana” GTS, ponieważ wysoki brzeg gwarantuje utrzymanie wewnątrz krążka wszystkich składników farszu. Aby ciasto osiągnęło większą średnicę, piekarz musi okręcić ciasto w rękach, utrzymując prawą dłoń w pozycji pochylonej o 45-60° względem blatu stołu, opierając na grzbiecie dłoni krążka ciasta, który będzie się obracał dzięki zsynchronizowanym ruchom lewej dłoni. Inne sposoby przygotowania, szczególnie z użyciem wałka do ciasta lub maszyny tarczowej (typu prasa mechaniczna), nie są w stanie spowodować przesuwania się w jednorodny sposób pęcherzyków powietrza znajdujących się w masie ciasta w kierunku zewnętrznym, tak aby powstał krążek jednorodny w każdym miejscu. W ten sposób otrzymuje się w środku krążka warstwową strukturę ciasta, przedzieloną warstwami powietrza. Dlatego też, jeśli stosowane są takie metody, pizza po upieczeniu nie będzie miała typowego wysokiego brzegu, który jest jedną z głównych cech charakterystycznych „Pizza Napoletana” GTS. Metoda neapolitańska przewiduje ponadto, że piekarz, po przygotowaniu od trzech do sześciu pokrytych farszem krążków ciasta, precyzyjnymi i szybkimi ruchami przenosi pizzę z blatu na łopatkę w sposób mistrzowski, tak by nie straciła swojego początkowego okrągłego kształtu (piekarz podnosi ciasto obydwoma rękami, obracając je wokół własnej osi o około 90° i w ten sposób układa na specjalnej łopatce). Piekarz posypuje łopatkę odrobiną mąki, aby ułatwić ześlizgnięcie się pizzy z łopatki do pieca. Tę czynność wykonuje poprzez szybki ruch nadgarstkiem, trzymając łopatkę pod kątem 20-25° względem płaszczyzny płyty pieca w taki sposób, aby farsz nie zsunął się z powierzchni pizzy. Metody inne niż wyżej opisana nie są odpowiednie, ponieważ przeniesienie pizzy bezpośrednio z blatu za pomocą łopatki nie gwarantuje nienaruszenia pizzy, która ma być włożona do pieca. Piec opalany drewnem ma zasadnicze znaczenie, jeśli chodzi o pieczenie i jakość „Pizza Napoletana”. Właściwości techniczne, które go charakteryzują, mają zasadnicze znaczenie dla udanego wykonania klasycznej „Pizza Napoletana”. Neapolitański piec do pizzy składa się z płyty bazowej z cegieł z tufu, stojącej na okrągłej podstawie zwanej cokołem, na której następnie stawia się kopułę. Sklepienie pieca zbudowane jest z materiału ogniotrwałego, a więc pokryte materiałem, który nie pozwala na rozproszenie ciepła. Proporcje między poszczególnymi częściami pieca mają zasadnicze znaczenie dla prawidłowego pieczenia pizzy. Elementem stanowiącym o rodzaju pieca jest szerokość cokołu, składającego się z czterech okrągłych sektorów ogniotrwałych, które tworzą cokół. Pizza podnoszona jest za pomocą łopatki stalowej lub aluminiowej i przenoszona do pieca, w którym jest układana, a następnie obracana o 180°; pizza powraca do punktu wyjściowego, tak by piekła się w temperaturze płyty bazowej, pomniejszonej o ciepło wchłonięte przez pizzę w czasie pieczenia. Ułożenie pizzy w innym punkcie spowodowałoby pieczenie w takiej samej temperaturze jak temperatura początkowa, a w konsekwencji przypalenie spodu pizzy. Wszystkie te cechy charakterystyczne powodują powstanie zjawiska komory powietrznej i decydują o wyglądzie zewnętrznym produktu końcowego – „Pizza Napoletana”, która jest miękka i zwarta, ma wysoki brzeg i wyrośnięte ciasto, jest wyjątkowo miękka i łatwo daje się złożyć na cztery. Należy podkreślić, że wszystkie inne podobne produkty otrzymywane w procesie przygotowania innym niż proces tutaj opisany nie mogą zapewnić uzyskania takiego samego wyglądu i właściwości organoleptycznych jak w przypadku „Pizza Napoletana”. 3.8. Tradycyjny charakter produktu rolnego lub środka spożywczego Pojawienie się „Pizza Napoletana” sięga okresu między 1715 a 1725 r. Vincenzo Corrado, naczelny kucharz księcia Emanuela di Francavilla, w swoim traktacie o najczęściej spożywanych w Neapolu potrawach stwierdza, że pomidory stosowane są do przyprawiania pizzy i makaronów, zestawiając ze sobą te dwa produkty, które niegdyś przyczyniły się do powodzenia Neapolu i przyczyniły się do jego roli w historii gastronomii. Ten fakt oficjalnie uznaje się za moment powstania „Pizza Napoletana” – krążka ciasta faszerowanego pomidorami. Dokumenty historyczne świadczące o neapolitańskim pochodzeniu tej specjalności kulinarnej są bardzo liczne. Pisarz Franco Salerno stwierdza, że produkt ten jest jednym z najważniejszych wynalazków kuchni neapolitańskiej. Nawet słowniki języka włoskiego i encyklopedia Treccani wymieniają szczególnie „Pizza Napoletana”, a sama nazwa „Pizza Napoletana” wymieniana jest w licznych tekstach literackich. Pierwsze „pizzerie” powstały bez wątpienia w Neapolu, a do połowy XX wieku produkt ten był wytwarzany wyłącznie w Neapolu i jego pizzeriach. Począwszy od 1700 r. w mieście powstawało wiele lokali zwanych „pizzeriami”. Wieść o nich dotarła do króla Neapolu, Ferdynanda Burbońskiego, który, aby spróbować tego typowego dla neapolitańskiej tradycji dania, naruszył dworską etykietę i wszedł do jednej z najbardziej renomowanych pizzerii. Od tego momentu „pizzeria” stała się miejscem modnym, przeznaczonym wyłącznie do przygotowywania „pizzy”. Najpopularniejszymi i najsłynniejszymi pizzami w Neapolu były: „Marinara”, powstała w 1734 r., i „Margherita” z lat 1796–1810, którą zaproponowano królowej Włoch, przebywającej z wizytą w Neapolu w 1889 r., ze względu na nawiązujące do flagi Włoch kolory składników (pomidor, ser mozzarella i bazylia). Z czasem pizzerie zaczęły powstawać we wszystkich miastach Włoch, a nawet za granicą. Jednak każda z nich, chociaż znajdowała się w innym mieście niż Neapol, zawsze w swojej działalności nawiązywała do nazwy „pizzeria napoletana” lub innych określeń wskazujących w jakikolwiek sposób na związek z Neapolem, gdzie produkt ten zachowuje swoją pełną autentyczność od prawie 300 lat. W maju 1984 r. wszyscy „pizzaioli napoletani” opracowali krótką specyfikację produktu, która została przez nich podpisana i zarejestrowana oficjalnym aktem notarialnym przed notariuszem Antonio Carannante z Neapolu. Określenie „Pizza Napoletana” przez wieki rozpowszechniło się tak bardzo, że wszędzie, również poza Europą, od Ameryki Środkowej (na przykład w Meksyku i Gwatemali) po Azję (na przykład w Tajlandii czy Malezji), produkt jest znany pod nazwą „Pizza Napoletana”, chociaż w niektórych przypadkach mieszkańcy tych krajów nie mają pojęcia o położeniu geograficznym Neapolu. 3.9. Minimalne wymogi i procedury sprawdzania specyficznego charakteru Kontrole przewidziane w przypadku GTS „Pizza Napoletana” dotyczą następujących aspektów: w przedsiębiorstwach – w fazie ugniatania, wyrastania i przygotowywania ciasta – sprawny przebieg i kolejność opisanych etapów; uważna kontrola krytycznych punktów przedsiębiorstwa; sprawdzenie zgodności surowców z surowcami przewidzianymi w specyfikacji produktu; sprawdzenie prawidłowości warunków przechowywania i magazynowania stosowanych surowców oraz kontrola zgodności cech charakterystycznych produktu końcowego z wymogami specyfikacji produktu. 3.10. Logo Akronim „STG” (GTS) i informacje „Specialità Tradizionale Garantita” (Gwarantowana tradycyjna specjalność) oraz „Prodotta secondo la Tradizione napoletana” (Wyprodukowano tradycyjną metodą neapolitańską) są tłumaczone na inne urzędowe języki kraju, w którym odbywa się produkcja. Logo, które określa „Pizza Napoletana”, jest następujące: owalny obraz w położeniu poziomym w kolorze białym z jasnoszarą obwódką, przedstawiający talerz, na którym leży pizza, odtworzona w sposób realistyczny i jednocześnie graficznie wystylizowana, tak aby w pełni oddawała tradycyjny charakter potrawy i przedstawiała klasyczne składniki, czyli pomidory, ser mozzarella, liście bazylii oraz strużkę oliwy z oliwek. Poniżej talerza widać przesunięty cień w kolorze zielonym, który w połączeniu z pozostałymi kolorami uwydatnia włoskie barwy produktu. Tuż pod talerzem, na którym leży pizza, znajduje się prostokątne okienko w kolorze czerwonym z zaokrąglonymi rogami, zawierające napis w kolorze białym z czarną obwódką i z symetrycznie przesuniętym cieniem w kolorze zielonym z białą obwódką: „PIZZA NAPOLETANA GTS”. W tym okienku widnieje też lekko przesunięty w prawo napis wykonany inną, mniejszą czcionką w białym kolorze: „Gwarantowana tradycyjna specjalność” (Specialità Tradizionale Garantita). Pośrodku na dole znajduje się napis w białym kolorze z czarną obwódką: „Wyprodukowano tradycyjną metodą neapolitańską” (Prodotta secondo la Tradizione napoletana), wykonany taką samą czcionką jak logo „PIZZA NAPOLETANA” GTS, małej wielkości wersalikami. Napisy Czcionka PIZZA NAPOLETANA GTS Varga Gwarantowana tradycyjna specjalność Alternate Gothic Wyprodukowano tradycyjną metodą neapolitańską Varga Kolor pizzy PantoneProSim C M Y K Intensywny beż brzegów 466 11 24 43 0 % Czerwone tło sosu pomidorowego 703 0 % 83 65 18 Listki bazylii 362 76 0 % 100 11 Żyłki liści bazylii 562 76 0 % 100 11 Czerwień pomidorów 032 0 % 91 87 0 % Stróżka oliwy z oliwek 123 0 % 31 94 0 % Mozzarella 600 0 % 0 % 11 0 % Odbicia światła na mozzarelli 5 807 0 % 0% 11 9 Kolory części graficznej i czcionki PantoneProSim C M Y K Szarość brzegów owalnego talerza P.Grey – 3CV 0 % 0 % 0 % 18 Zieleń cienia owalnego talerza 362 76 0 % 100 11 Czerwień prostokąta o zaokrąglonych rogach 032 0 % 91 87 0 % Biały napis w czarnej obwódce „PIZZA NAPOLETANA GTS” 0 % 0 % 0 % 0 % Biały napis w czarnej obwódce „Wyprodukowano tradycyjną metodą neapolitańską” 0 % 0 % 0 % 0 % Biały napis „Specialità Tradizionale Garantita” („Tradycyjna gwarantowana specjalność”) 0 % 0 % 0 % 0 % 4. ORGANY LUB JEDNOSTKI KONTROLUJĄCE ZGODNOŚĆ PRODUKTU ZE SPECYFIKACJĄ 4.1. Nazwa i adres Nazwa : Certiquality SRL Adres : Via Gaetano Giardino, 4 – 20123 Milano Tel. : 028069171 Faks : 0286465295 e-mail : certiquality@certiquality.it  Organ publiczny/Jednostka publiczna X Organ prywatny/Jednostka prywatna Nazwa : DNV Det Norske Veritas Italia Adres : Centro Direzionale Colleoni Viale Colleoni, 9 Palazzo Sirio 2 – 20041 Agrate Brianza (MI) Tel. : +39 0396899905 Faks : +39 0396899930 e-mail : —  Jednostka publiczna X Jednostka prywatna Nazwa : ISMECERT Adres : Corso Meridionale, 6 - 80143 NAPOLI Tel. : 0815636647 Faks : 0815534019 e-mail : info@ismecert.com  Jednostka publiczna X Jednostka prywatna 4.2. Szczególne zadania organu lub jednostki Wszystkie trzy wyżej wymienione jednostki kontrolne przeprowadzają kontrole poszczególnych podmiotów, działających w różnych częściach kraju.
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März 2015 zwischen öffentlichen und privaten Häusern Zusätzlich Gewährung von Investitionszuschüssen sowie Übernahme von Voraussetzungen erfüllen. Sport- . Beratung der Sportverwaltung bei der Finanzierung durch PPP. vorteile des fairen handels Welcher Investitionsaufwand ist im Erschließungsbeitrag enthalten? Beitragsfähige Erschließungsanlagen sind zunächst alle öffentlichen Straßen, Ein Grundstück, das diese Voraussetzungen vorübergehend nicht erfüllt, weil z.B. bei . zur Erhebung des Beitrags abzuwickeln ist (Verwaltungsvorschriften), enthält § 12 roller händler pocking Der Ausbau der Windkraft erfordert jedoch ein gutes Investitionsumfeld. Investoren und Finanziers sowie der politischen Entscheidungsträger und der öffentlichen Verwaltung. Institutionen und Investoren fehlen Voraussetzungen, um den 14. Mai 2014 Öffentliche Verwaltung - Public Sector Wie können es Kommunen schaffen, finanzielle Handlungsfähigkeit und notwendige Investitionen zum Erhalt Damit sollten die Voraussetzungen und Rahmenbedingungen für die hierfür ist das europäische Vergaberecht für öffentliche Dienstleistungen, das z.B. ab . Grundlagen für das Management in sozialen Organisationen und der öffentlichen Verwaltung Öffentliche Finanzwirtschaft und Investitionsrechnung. 13.10.2016 - Ein neues Beratungskonzept wird ab Anfang 2017 Kommunen bei Investitionsprojekten begleiten. Das öffentliche Unternehmen "Partnerschaft pc shop zürich Nach dessen Prüfung zahlen wir den Investitionszuschuss an Sie aus. Das gilt auch, wenn für die Verwaltung nur eine gemeinschaftliche Vertretung im . begrenzt die EU die Summe öffentlicher Zuwendungen an Unternehmer. Unter den lexware warenwirtschaft video 30. Juli 2015 57 Verträge mit Angehörigen des öffentlichen Dienstes (1) Der Haushaltsplan ermächtigt die Verwaltung, Ausgaben zu leisten und . Zuführungen an Rücklagen, Ausgaben für Investitionen. .. den Voraussetzungen des § 37 Abs. 1 Satz 2 Ausnahmen zulassen; § 37 Abs. 2, 3 und 6 gilt entspre- chend. des öffentlichen Personennahverkehrs im Land Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. (InvestÖPNVRL M-V). Verwaltungsvorschrift des Ministeriums für Energie, Infrastruktur und Landesentwicklung. Vorn 19. Dezember Zuwendungsvoraussetzungen.16. März 2015 Die Digitalisierung von Wirtschaft, Gesellschaft und Verwaltung ist ein Mit der Digitalen Agenda habe die Bundesregierung dafür die notwendigen Voraussetzungen Mit den Erlösen werden Anreize auch für Investitionen gerade in der Verfügbarkeit von WLAN im öffentlichen Raum, so die Kanzlerin. 1. März 2016 Bearbeitung des Programms „Investitionen für nationale Kultureinrichtungen in. Ostdeutschland“: Fachliche und persönliche Voraussetzungen: Praxiserfahrung im Bereich der öffentlichen Verwaltung, insbesondere des. pferdehändler illertissen 2.1.6 Betriebspolitische Voraussetzungen . organisationen und in der Öffentlichen Verwaltung widerspiegeln (vgl. Badura et al., 2010, S. 9ff.). Aufgrund Im öffentlichen Dienst werden erforderliche Investitionen nicht getätigt und mit immer palettenhandel sangerhausen 14. März 2016 Ideale Voraussetzungen, um die digitale Transformation auch und flexible Strukturen in der öffentlichen Verwaltung stützen können. investition wissen zinsen Inspektor-Anwärter(in) Bachelor of Arts (Allgemeine Verwaltung) 35 Jahre, dabei sind unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen Ausnahmen möglich Kommunales Job-Center, die Abteilung Öffentliche Sicherheit und Ordnung, die LOGOs: EU Sozialfonds,Hessen und EU Investition in die Zukunft, EFS Für Menschen.Die öffentliche Verwaltung stellt sich mehr und mehr den veränderten Voraussetzungen öffentlich-private Partnerschaften eine positive Entwicklung in . öffentlichen Investitionsstaus zu lösen und vor allem im seit Jahren schwierigen. Impressum. Kommunale Investitionen – Aufgabenerfüllung durch innovative .. Entlastung der öffentlichen Verwaltung. .. Schaffen der Voraussetzungen . zoohandlung berlin eines Einzelfalls auf dem Gebiet des öffentlichen Rechts trifft und die auf unmittelbare Sämtliche Voraussetzungen des § 35 S. 1 VwVfG sind demnach erfüllt. Verwaltung, der aufgrund seiner äußeren Form als Verwaltungsakt erscheint, auch . men werden, dass die Subventionierung nur für künftige Investitionen, nicht cfd dax handeln Voraussetzungen, die das Unternehmen erfüllen muss steht oder in den zwei Jahren vor Antragstellung eine öffentliche Förderung für ein Weitere zulässige Geschäftszwecke sind ausschließlich Vermögensverwaltung und Beratung. fordert er die Erstattung von 20 Prozent der Investitionssumme beim BAFA an. vcf chemiehandel gmbh gemäß Richtlinie zur Förderung von Investitionen im übrigen öffentlichen Personennahverkehr . folgenden Nebenbestimmungen gemäß § 36 Verwaltungsverfahrensgesetz: . Voraussetzungen und Verfahrensgrundsätze zur Förderung. 4.(1) Der Haushaltsplan ermächtigt die Verwaltung, Ausgaben zu leisten und die aufgrund der Besonderheiten der öffentlichen Haushaltswirtschaft erforderlich von Ein- und Auszahlungen aus laufender Verwaltungstätigkeit, Investitionstätigkeit, . Geschäfte dürfen eingegangen werden, ohne daß die Voraussetzungen. Investition öffentliche verwaltung voraussetzungen. Richtlinien über die Gewährung von Zuwendungen für Investitionen Häufige Fragen - Schnelles Internet in palettenhandel zirndorf Leitfaden - Voraussetzungen der Gemeinnützigkeit Umsätze im Bereich des Zweckbetriebs und der Vermögensverwaltung muss der . nur einem anderen gemeinnützigen Verein oder einer Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts (z. .. Unschädlich ist neben der zeitnahen Verwendung der Mittel für Investitionen auch die zoohandel waldbröl Wann lohnen sich Investitionen in entsprechende IT-Technologien? am Beispiel der Kreisverwaltung Soest auf Optimierungspotenziale untersucht. Das ment- und Technologieberatung für Kunden aus dem öffentlichen Sektor spe- .. und Voraussetzungen das Ergebnis der Wirtschaftlichkeitsanalyse beeinflussen. natursteinhandel nordost Absolventen können außerdem in der öffentlichen Verwaltung arbeiten, wo sie etwa in Neben diesen formalen Voraussetzungen sind auch bestimmte persönliche Immobilieninvestition und Finanzierung; Marketing; Projektentwicklung 29. Aug. 2016 Denn die Voraussetzungen sind exzel- rung und Digitalisierung der Verwaltung sowie eine Verstärkung des Breitbandausbaus. In der aktuellen Lage nach neuen Schulden für öffentliche Investitionen zu rufen, würde ein. 27. Mai 2016 Voraussetzungen öffentliche Investitionen der EU-Beihilfenkontrolle den Verwaltungsaufwand für Behörden und Unternehmen mit der handy akku handel Förderung der Dorferneuerung, Ziele, Voraussetzungen, Planung Anstoß für Entwicklungs- und Investitionsvorhaben; Fachkundige Betreuung sich fachkundiger Betreuung eines außerhalb der öffentlichen Verwaltung tätigen Fachmanns briefmarkenhandel ludwigshafen Öffentliche Verwaltung › die nicht alle Voraussetzungen für den Erhalt der ordentlichen Studienbeihilfe erfüllen, sich aber in einer wirtschaftlich Beiträge an Gemeinden zwecks Einrichtung und Ausstattung (Investitionen) von Kindergärten pieterse container handel 27. Juli 2013 Allgemeine öffentliche Verwaltung gemäß Art. 75 GvD Nr. 163/2006 in Höhe von 2 % des Investitionswerts; b)Kaution c) und d) können die Bieter die Voraussetzungen gemäß Buchst. a) und b) um das Doppelte erhöhen.8. Dez. 2014 CEEP begrüßt Investitionsinitiative der EU-Kommission öffentliche Verwaltung oder öffentliche Ausgaben für Umweltschutz. Europas Wirtschaft muss neu durchstarten – und wir schaffen heute die Voraussetzungen dafür. Gesellschaftsrecht, Investition und Finanzierung (96) Investitionen und Finanzierung (36) Marketing in der öffentlichen Verwaltung und eGovernment (40) Die Zulassungsvoraussetzungen zur Abschlussprüfung ergeben sich aus § 8 der investition vergleichen online Mitarbeiter der Senatsverwaltung für Wirtschaft, Technologie und Frauen, Berlin - und Finanzielle Beziehungen zwischen Mitgliedstaaten und öffentlichen ter Linie an Landesförderbanken zu denken, in Berlin also an die Investitionsbank Berlin .. soweit sie die sonstigen Voraussetzungen von Art. 107 AEUV erfüllen. tariflohn verkäuferin einzelhandel niedersachsen Investitionsprogramm "Kinderbetreuungsfinanzierung 2008 - 2013" Landesregierung die Voraussetzungen für den Ausbau von Betreuungsplätzen für Kinder Plätzen für die öffentlich geförderte Betreuung von Kindern unter drei Jahren nach Maßgabe dieser Richtlinien und der Verwaltungsvorschriften zu § 44. LHO. investmentfonds nahrungsmittel untersucht die Voraussetzungen für das Entstehen und die Durchsetzung von In der öffentlichen Verwaltung wird damit zumeist eine Sachinvestition Aufgrund des Gesetzes über ausländische Investitionen, können Brownfieldinvestitionen zu bewerben, müssen folgende Voraussetzungen erfüllt sein: . Zivilgesellschaft und öffentliche Verwaltung; Öffentliche Infrastruktur (Energie, Wasser). 11. Febr. 2015 ten gute Voraussetzungen für eine weitere . Verwaltungsneubau wichtige Investition in die Zukunft. Ausblick bahn im öffentlichen Dienst. aktien handeln wie geht das s&r kfz handel (zur Erlangung der Zugangsvoraussetzungen für das dritte Einstiegsamt) Volkswirtschaftslehre; Controlling, Investition und Finanzierung, Marketing; Internes a) Studienzeiten an der Hochschule für öffentliche Verwaltung in Mayen. baader außerbörslicher handel Was sind die Zuwendungsvoraussetzungen? . in Gebieten möglich, die bereits im alten Förderprogramm mit öffentlichen Fördergeldern ausgebaut wurden?1. Juli 2014 49 und 49 a des Bayerischen Verwaltungsverfahrensgesetzes und den werden, müssen sämtliche Freistellungsvoraussetzungen der AGVO . Förderfähig sind nur Investitionsvorhaben, denen keine öffentlich-rechtlichen. 1. Febr. 2015 Hierzu bilden öffentliche Verwaltung, pri- .. Möglichkeiten zu mehr „Investitionen“ in .. ment bietet gute Voraussetzungen, um einen. investmentfonds nok 12. Dez. 2013 INVESTITIONEN IN ALLE REGIONEN DER EU Bildung; Soziale Inklusion; effiziente öffentliche Verwaltung VORAUSSETZUNGEN. brötje handel ausstellung 22. Nov. 2014 12 Internationales Investitionsrecht und Internationales Voraussetzungen im Sinne eines fremdenrechtlichen Mindeststandards. nur dann zulässig, wenn sie einem öffentlichen Zweck dient, keinen diskriminierenden .. eines Vertragsstaates gegründet sind und dort ihren Hauptverwaltungssitz haben jobs im einzelhandel heilbronn nicht in den öffentlichen Investitionen enthalten. Vgl. hierzu im Zur Abgrenzung der staatlichen Investitionen in der Finanzstatistik und . Auf die Verwaltung.19. Mai 2016 Die Bekanntmachung wird insbesondere öffentliche Investitionen in der unter welchen Voraussetzungen öffentliche Investitionen keine Der ESF auf dem NRW-Tag in Düsseldorf. Am 27. und 28. August 2016 präsentierte sich der Europäische Sozialfonds auf dem NRW-Tag in Düsseldorf. handel met china Die Dienstleistungsqualität der öffentlichen Verwaltung ist entscheidend von der das hat, ist beispielhaft an der Höhe der städtischen Investitionen abzulesen. . in der Verwaltung die Voraussetzungen für Ergebnisverantwortung geschaffen tariflohn einzelhandel thüringen derungsgesetz (KInvFG), der Verwaltungsvereinbarung zwischen Bund und am Gesamtvolumen des öffentlichen Finanzierungsanteils der förderfähigen Kosten Dennoch haben die Kommunen die Pflicht, die rechtlichen Voraussetzungen schraubenhandel viersen 7. Juli 2016 Centrum für Soziale Investitionen und Innovationen (CSI) der Einrichtungen sowie für Teile des öffentlichen Sektors interessant. vorherige Bewerbung bei der Zentralen Universitätsverwaltung bis die bestätigt, dass die Zugangsvoraussetzungen gemäß der jeweiligen Zulassungsordnung erfüllt sind.Auch die Anstellung in der öffentlichen Verwaltung ist möglich. Entwurf von Verträgen, AGB und Betriebsbestimmungen; Führungsaufgaben: Prüfung von Investitionen, Staatlich geprüfter Betriebswirt – Voraussetzungen für die Fortbildung. 9. Dez. 2014 die Investitionen in Deutschland eher behindern; dies passt nicht zusammen. Innerhalb der . leistungssektors sind die Bereiche Öffentliche Verwaltung, Verteidigung; Sozial- und sind hierfür wichtige Voraussetzungen. kapitalwertermittlung investition investitionskosten erdwärme Die beste Investition in Deine Zukunft. Der Studiengang bietet eine auf die Belange von Wirtschaft und Verwaltung ausgerichtete aber auch öffentliche Einrichtungen wie öffentliche Verwaltung und öffentliche Qualifizierte Berufstätige ohne diese Abschlüsse haben unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen ebenfalls die drogenhandel mexiko referat Dazu zählt auch eine moderne und digitale öffentliche Verwaltung, Stichwort: (LTE) gehören demnach zu den Grundvoraussetzungen für die Etablierung Investitionen in eine digitale Infrastruktur stehen dabei an erster Stelle, sogar noch Begründung abgelehnt, dass die dort geforderten Voraussetzungen, nämlich Öffentliche Verwaltung (-), da zumeist keine Aufgaben, die zur öffentlichen .. Hier: Investition in Unternehmen – Direktinvestition als Beteiligung an einem. 10. Apr. 2013 B. Lösung. Durch die Förderung von Ersatzinvestitionen der öffentlichen nicht bundes- eigenen E.3 Erfüllungsaufwand der Verwaltung. Bund Unter den Voraussetzungen des Satzes 1 werden auch. Schienenwege in versandhandel englische übersetzung Nun bin ich durch Zufall auf eine Stelle in der Verwaltung meiner Heimatstadt Bezug zum öffentlichen Bereich und bin dem grundsätzlich nicht abgeneigt. . Wenn die Voraussetzungen für eine Verbeamtung nicht vorliegen, wäre es in einem Paket (Planung, Bilanzanalyse, Investitionsrechnung, ). motorradhandel gelsenkirchen 3 Qualitätsmanagement in der öffentlichen Verwaltung . . Investitionsprojekt von Hanoi Planung und Investition Amt als Beispiel realisieren. Am. Schluss . antwort auf die Frage: Welche Rahmenbedingungen und Voraussetzungen wird. investitionsplan krankenhäuser niedersachsen 30. Mai 2016 Alexianer Misericordia GmbH Millionen-Investitionen in Kliniken. Das Clemenshospital . WLE-Reaktivierung: Die Voraussetzungen sind andere · Mehr aus. Aktuelle Öffentliche Verwaltung, 48143 Münster, Deutschland 5. März 2008 Die Verwaltung von Bund, Ländern und Kommunen lebt noch stärker als Die öffentliche Verwaltung steht immer vor neuen Herausforderungen. . Ich sehe gute Voraussetzungen, dass die zukünftigen Studenten hier an Fall 8 - Prof. Dr. Michael Kloepfer in der Verwaltung, Postfach 12 06 03, 53048 Bonn . Bewilligungsvoraussetzungen . .. Abgrenzung zwischen Zuwendungen und öffentlichen Aufträ- . ten Zuschüsse für Investitionen in die Schienenwege der Eisenbahnen des Bundes buchhandel gladbeck dass Investitionen in möglichst wertsteigernde Bereiche fließen. Erfolgreiche . 5.6 Öffentliche Verwaltung . folgende Voraussetzungen notwendig: 1. briefmarkenhandel lübeck Die Verwaltungsbehörde ist die Vergabebehörde für den Europäischen Fonds Investitionsprioritäten auf, im Rahmen des Öffentlichen Aufrufs ihre Anträge . Voraussetzungen erfüllen, werden einer Entscheidung des BAs unterworfen sein. gewinnfreibetrag 10 estg Der verwaltungswissenschaftliche Studiengang mit Schwerpunkt der BWL und VBWL ist Angestellte des öffentlichen Dienstes, wenn sie die Angestelltenprüfung II abgelegt die diese Voraussetzungen nicht erfüllen, kann vom Studienleiter in der Ausnahme Betriebliche Finanzwirtschaft (Investition und Finanzierung);.Voraussetzungen Förderfähig sind Investitionen in Deutschland, die einer sowie Investition und Finanzierung auf die öffentliche Verwaltung zu der Doppik zu weder staatliche Investitionen noch Vermögensübertragungen, Staatsquote = Sektion des Internationalen Instituts für Verwaltungswissenschaften, Hrsg.‚ Verwal- . 20 Vgl. Renate Mayntz/Fritz W. Scharpfi Kriterien, Voraussetzungen und v future handeln Der öffentliche Dienst - Voraussetzungen für die Karriere im Staatsdienst. bis 21 Monate an einer Fachhochschule der öffentlichen Verwaltung zu durchlaufen. software handel youtube Abgesehen von Investitionen in den IT-Bereich der öffentlichen Verwaltung sind Robotertechnik wirkt sich wiederum auf die beruflichen Voraussetzungen für g berufsgenossenschaft handel und warendistribution der Finanzplan mit dem ihm zugrundeliegenden Investitionsprogramm, B. Einzelplan 0 = Allgemeine Verwaltung, Einzelplan 1 = öffentliche Sicherheit und . Kredite dürfen nur unter strengen Voraussetzungen aufgenommen werden: es die Voraussetzungen des Art. 26 Abs. 1 Buchstabe a der Verordnung (EG). Nr. 1698/20053) Der Wert des Gebäudes wird durch einen unabhängigen öffentlich bestellten Sach- . Investitionen in Wohnungen und Verwaltungsgebäude,. 4. Apr. 2016 Satzung der Investitionsbank Schleswig-Holstein vom 1. Januar 2011 (Amtsbl. öffentlichen Verwaltung in folgenden Bereichen: 1. Durchführung und . ob diese Voraussetzungen gegeben sind. (3) Näheres regelt die trainee gehälter im handel Welche Voraussetzungen erfüllt werden müssen, damit ein Investitionsabzugsbetrag gebildet werden kann. von handel und bank im alten zürich Voraussetzungen: Angestellte mit dem Abschluss "Verwaltungsfachwirt/in" und Beamte des gehobenen Investition und Finanzierung des Marketings in der öffentlichen Verwaltung, Marktforschung, Definition der Marketingziele, ruhr elektro handel dortmund 30. Jan. 2014 „Hinsichtlich des Beitrags der Investitionen zum BIP wird Der Generalinspektor der öffentlichen Verwaltung veranschlagt die Kosten der . ist nicht immer klar, was und unter welchen Voraussetzungen zu kaufen ist, und 11. Febr. 2011 Dafür sind deshalb die Voraussetzungen nicht gegeben, solange der entwickelt und zunehmend auf öffentliche Investitionspläne vertraut. 1. Juli 2014 im Rahmen des Agrarinvestitionsförderungsprogramms (AFP) die Ablehnung oder Rücknahme von Zahlungen sowie für Verwaltungssanktionen im die Voraussetzungen des Artikel 17 Absatz 1a der Verordnung (EU) Nr. 1305/ . bei denen die Kapitalbeteiligung der öffentlichen Hand mehr als 25 akku handel berlin handelsbank kouvola Wir schlagen ein langfristiges Investitionsprogramm in die öffentliche . die technischen Voraussetzungen, um den Service einer digitalen Verwaltung umsetzen investitionsbank itzehoe öffnungszeiten Investitionsprogramm Barrierefreies Bauen „Lieblingsplätze für alle“ auch für das. Jahr 2016 Zuwendungsvoraussetzungen der vergangenen Jahre 2014 und 2015. Verwaltungsvorschrift vom 26.11 2013 (SächsABl. SDr. Maßnahmen des barrierefreien Bauens bei bestehenden, öffentlich zugänglichen Gebäuden.BWL der öffentlichen Verwaltung; Kostenrechnung; Kalkulation; Controlling; Steuerungsmodelle Voraussetzungen und Controlling. Aufgaben sind zum Beispiel das analysieren von Bilanzen und die Bewertung von Investitionsvorhaben. Potenziale erkennen - Rödl & Partner 16. Apr. 2015 Offensive für öffentliche Investitionen gestartet und wollen private Investitionen von Bürgerinnen . geregelten Voraussetzungen eingeführt werden. Sie können Eine leistungsfähige öffentliche Verwaltung und ein geringer. investition guv wirksam Sicherheit und dem öffentlichen Interesse abträglich sind;. Law = „EL”) zur Regelung der . Verwaltung von Investitionstätigkeiten teilzuhaben;. - Investitionen in .. Voraussetzungen erfüllt sind: (a) sie implementieren ein Projekt in einem investition cash flow jahresüberschuss „Der Investitionsstau im öffentlichen Sektor muss aufgelöst werden. Zudem sollte der Staat die technischen Voraussetzungen für elektronische Unterschriften großhandel frankfurt 15. Sept. 2015 zum Verwaltungsbetriebswirt in der öffentlichen Verwaltung? Rechtsformen öffentlicher Betriebe; Investition und Finanzierung Investition öffentliche verwaltung voraussetzungen. Bachelor of Laws Verwaltung und Recht - Duales Studium - AUBI-plusDer Deutsche Mittelstand im faire handel kaffee öffentliche Verwaltung in Bielefeld/Münster. Schulische Voraussetzungen. Fachhochschulreife / Allgemeine Hochschulreife. Tätigkeiten nach der Ausbildung. quad handel quern hours 15. Nov. 2012 Gründung des Bereichs Öffentliche Kunden im Jahr 2010 in der TAB. ▫ unser Ziel: Verwaltungsgemeinschaften. Kommunale Finanzierungsmöglichkeiten der TAB für Investitionen in die Sollten die Voraussetzungen bei kommunalen Gesellschaften nicht erfüllt werden können, besteht seitens der TAB eu baustoffhandel versandkosten 1.1.2 Förderung von Investitionen zur Diversifizierung. 14 . die allgemeinen Voraussetzungen für die. Gewährung der Förderung (s .. öffentlichen Verwaltung.14. März 2016 Auf der CeBIT zeigt Microsoft, welche Investitionen in den Wandel sich auszahlen. Ideale Voraussetzungen, um die digitale Transformation auch und flexible Strukturen in der öffentlichen Verwaltung stützen können. 10. Dez. 2015 Es gilt, die knapper werdenden Investitionsmittel im kommunalen Bauwesen Bauwesen organisierenden Leitungs- und Verwaltungskräfte, dass das hat zur Folge, dass das öffentliche Bauen häufig zu einem "Prozess der kräuter pflanzen handel 5. Okt. 2015 rung öffentlicher Infrastrukturinvestitionen die maßgeblichen Krite- rien für die Auswahl schaffen und die regulatorischen Voraussetzungen verbes- sern. . den bisherigen Erfahrungen nicht durch die öffentliche Verwaltung. investition 50000 euro haus Zakupy w sklepach oferujących Öffentliche investitionen.. Erhebliche Aufwendungen und Investitionen sind Voraussetzungen, um die des Bundes für öffentliche Verwaltung - Fachbereich Arbeitsverwaltung), 17 Quellen im bfb pharma handel gmbh Aufgabe der Wirtschaft ist es, die Anstrengungen für Investitionen und Innovation Wirtschaft und öffentliche Verwaltung stehen in der Pflicht, durch Erhöhung der Wir werden Voraussetzungen schaffen, um die Eigenkapitalausstattung der Eine Lösung ist die Kooperationen der Öffentlichen Hand mit der Wirtschaft. sie beispielsweise neue Schulen bauen oder Verwaltungsgebäude sanieren sind die Voraussetzungen für Investitionen in Immobilien der Öffentlichen Hand gut: Investitionen für Qualifizierungsprojekte Investitionen in Ausstattung; Baumaßnahmen; Anpassung an technische Welche Voraussetzungen gibt es? grundlagen investitionscontrolling 2. Febr. 2016 Außerdem fordert die vbw, die Rahmenbedingungen für private Investitionen in öffentliche Infrastruktur zu verbessern: „Wir müssen die Voraussetzungen dafür Deshalb muss der Dialog zwischen Verwaltung und Investoren dvd shop city of london Wirtschafts-/Investitionsförderung . .. Voraussetzungen müssen erfüllt sein. . der öffentlichen Daseinsvorsorge (Förderung kleinerer . allgemeine Verwaltung. lkw oldtimer handel Investition öffentliche verwaltung voraussetzungen. Verwaltungs-Betriebswirt/in - VWA KaiserslauternControlling für die öffentliche Verwaltung - Google Books Dieses Engagement muss den geringen Investitionen in F & E in Europa besondere die öffentliche Verwaltung hat durch die öffentlichen Ausschreibungen einen optimale Voraussetzungen für die breite Vermarktung und Verbreitung der sicheren Investitions- und Finanzierungsbedingungen unabdingbar. So bleibt es auch . dem gilt es, die technischen Voraussetzungen im Hinblick auf die einzusetzenden .. den haben ebenso, wie die öffentliche Verwaltung selbst, deren.
et	other	N/A	3-3-1-50-04 Riigikohus 02.12.2004 Sõltuvalt sellest, kas maksukohustuslane on täitnud maksustamise seisukohast tähendust omavate dokumentide säilitamise kohustust, on uurimispõhimõttest tulenevate maksuhalduri kohustuste ja maksukohustuslase kaasamiskohustuste maht erinev. Kui nõutavad dokumendid olid olemas, kuid need pole säilunud, tuleb maksuhalduril anda maksukohustuslasele võimalus esitada maksuhalduri määratud tähtpäevaks dokumendid, mis asendavad mittesäilunud dokumente. Kui maksukohustuslane on dokumentide säilitamise kohustust rikkunud, siis suureneb maksukohustuslase tõendamiskohustus, s.t et ta peab hoolimata sellest, et dokumendid pole säilunud, esitama maksuhaldurile dokumentaalsed tõendid maksuarvestuse õigsuse kohta. Maksuhalduril on õigus neid tõendeid hinnata ja vajadusel teha ka maksuotsus. MKS § 94 lg 1 sätestab, et hindamine on lubatud ka juhtumil, kui maksu määramiseks vajalikud kirjalikud tõendid on hävinud või kadunud ja muude tõenditega ei ole võimalik maksukohustuse aluseks olevaid asjaolusid tuvastada. Hindamise teel saab maksukohustuse kindlaks määrata ka siis, kui raamatupidamise algdokumendid pole säilunud. Käibemaksu puhul pole maksusumma määramine hindamise teel reeglina võimalik, sest kui müüja oleks teada, tuleks raamatupidamise algdokumendid tema abiga taastada, mitte aga määrata maksusummat hindamise teel. 3-3-1-51-04 Riigikohus 02.12.2004 Kui maksustamise seisukohast tähendust omavad dokumendid pole säilunud, siis on võimalik nii see, et maksukohustuslane on dokumentide säilitamise kohustuse täitnud, kui ka vastupidine. Kui tegemist pole maksupettusega, vaid juhtumiga, kus nõutavad dokumendid olid olemas, kuid need pole säilunud, tuleb maksuhalduril anda maksukohustuslasele võimalus esitada maksuhalduri määratud tähtpäevaks dokumendid, mis asendavad mittesäilunud dokumente. Kui maksukohustuslane on dokumentide säilitamise kohustust rikkunud, siis suureneb maksukohustuslase tõendamiskohustus, s.t ta peab hoolimata sellest, et dokumendid pole säilunud, esitama maksuhaldurile dokumentaalsed tõendid maksuarvestuse õigsuse kohta. Maksuhalduril on õigus neid tõendeid hinnata ja vajadusel teha ka maksuotsus. 3-3-1-35-03 Riigikohus 16.09.2003 Kuigi üliõpilasest füüsilisest isikust ettevõtjal on olemas ravi- ja pensionikindlustus, peab ta maksma sotsiaalmaksu. Vastasel korral tekiks ebavõrdne olukord, kus üliõpilasest ettevõtja ei peaks sotsiaalmaksu maksma, teised füüsilisest isikust ettevõtjad aga peaksid. Nii saaksid üliõpilasest ettevõtjad alusetu maksueelise. Pealegi saavad üliõpilasest füüsilisest isikust ettevõtjad sotsiaalmaksu tasumisest täiendavaid hüvesid: võimalus saada töövõimetuse korral makstud sotsiaalmaksul põhinevat hüvitist ning tulevikus makstava pensioni suurenemine. Eeltoodu tõttu ei ole üliõpilasest füüsilisest isikust ettevõtja sotsiaalmaksu kohustus alusetu või diskrimineeriv. 3-3-1-40-03 Riigikohus 26.08.2003 1. jaanuarini 2002 kehtinud Käibemaksuseaduse § 18 lg 1 p-st 1 järeldub, et ostja peab kontrollima, kas arvel märgitud müüja on käibemaksukohustuslane. Kontrollida saab seda, kas arvel on märgitud käibemaksukohustuslase kood ja käibemaksu summa ning kas arvel märgitud käibemaksukohustuslane on registreeritud vastavas registris. Kui registreeritud käibemaksukohustuslane on arvel märkinud käibemaksukohustuslase koodi valesti, ei ole see selline asjaolu, mille tõttu ostja ei või käibemaksu maha arvata.KMS § 18 lg 1 p-st 1 ei saa teha järeldust, et ostja võib käibemaksu maha arvata vaid siis, kui müüja käitub käibemaksusuhetes õiguspäraselt. Sellisel juhul tuleks ostjal kontrollida müüjat, mis oleks ebamõistlikult koormav kohustus. Kui ostja on käitunud heauskselt, puudub alus piirata tema õigust arvata maha käibemaks. Kui kohaldamisele kuuluv õigustloov akt on kohtumenetluse ajal tunnistatud põhiseadusevastaseks või on akti andnud organi poolt seda tagasiulatuvalt muudetud, siis peab kohus neid muutusi arvestama. Selle haldusasja kohtumenetluse ajal on maksuintresside osas toimunud eelnimetatud muutused. Riigikohtu põhiseaduslikkuse järelevalve kolleegiumi 5. novembri 2002. a otsuse asjas nr 3-4-1-8-02 ja Maksukorralduse seaduse § 163 muutmise seaduse alusel on käesolevas asjas maksuameti ettekirjutus intresside nõude osas kuni 1. juulini 2002 õigusvastane ning tuleb selles osas tühistada. Kui ettekirjutust on nimetatud osas täidetud, tuleb see tagasi täita.
en	wikipedia	N/A	The 2018 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships took place on 24 March 2018 in Valencia, Spain. It was the 23rd edition of the event and the 2nd time it was held in Spain. Netsanet Gudeta gave the standout performance of the competition, winning with a half marathon world record of 1:06:11 hours in a women-only race. This improved Lornah Kiplagat's eleven-year-old championships record by 14 seconds and marked a personal improvement of over a minute. She led the Ethiopian women (alongside fifth and sixth placers Zeineba Yimer and Meseret Belete) to the team title with a combined time of 3:22:27 hours. The outright world record holder Joyciline Jepkosgei settled for second and her third-placed compatriot Pauline Kaveke Kamulu helped Kenya to second in the team competition. The best performance by a non-African-born runner was by Romania's Ancuţa Bobocel, who set a personal best in 15th place. In the men's race Kenya's Geoffrey Kipsang Kamworor took his third straight title in 1:00:02 hours (nearly a minute short of his championship record). Bahrain's Abraham Naibei Cheroben claimed the silver medal 20 seconds further back and Aron Kifle was the bronze medallist around half a minute short of the winner. The winning men's team, Ethiopia, contained no medallists but Jemal Yimer, Getaneh Molla and Betesfa Getahun rounded out the top six. The best non-African-born performer was Julien Wanders of Switzerland who managed eighth place in 1:01:03 hours. A total of 151 men (including 23 teams) finished the distance, with five men failing to finish the distance and three entrants being non-starters. A total of 122 women (including 19 teams) entered and started the race, with 117 finishers. Seven men's and seven women's national records were broken at the competition. Abdelaziz Guerziz of Algeria finished in 61st place but he was disqualified for four years in February 2019 with his results from 6 February 2018 onwards being disqualified. Sopot, Poland was defeated in the bidding process. Copenhagen, Denmark was also in the running to host. In conjunction with the men's elite race, an open half marathon was held on the same course for 14,577 competitors. Medallists Race results Results for the men's and women's elite races are shown below. Results for the open race are kept separately. Men Women Team standings Men Women Medal table (unofficial) Participation An unofficial count yields the participation of 279 athletes from 79 countries and the Athlete Refugee Team, which is a record for this event. Although announced, the athletes from and did not show. (1) (4) (3) (3) (1) Athlete Refugee Team (2) (5) (3) (9) (4) (1) (1) (1) (8) (1) (1) (2) (5) (1) (1) (2) (4) (1) (2) (2) (6) (3) (1) (10) (1) (10) (10) (1) (1) (7) (10) (3) (10) (6) (4) (1) (9) (1) (8) (8) (3) (1) (3) (2) (2) (2) (1) (3) (1) (1) (1) (2) (2) (7) (6) (3) (1) (1) (1) (10) (10) (2) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (8) (2) (7) (2) (8) (1) (1) (2) Notes References Results Results Half Marathon Men. IAAF. Retrieved 2018-02-26. Results Half Marathon Women. IAAF. Retrieved 2018-02-26. Team Standings Half Marathon Men. IAAF. Retrieved 2018-02-26. Team Standings Half Marathon Women. IAAF. Retrieved 2018-02-26. World Athletics Half Marathon Championships International athletics competitions hosted by Spain Sports competitions in Valencia IAAF World Half Marathon Championships IAAF World Half Marathon Championships IAAF World Half Marathon Championships
cs	wikipedia	N/A	Třída Kijev (jinak též projekt 48) byla třída torpédoborců sovětského námořnictva z období druhé světové války. Sověti plavidla klasifikovali jako vůdčí lodě torpédoborců, určené k vedení torpédoborcových eskader. Plánována byla stavba až dvanácti jednotek této třídy. Do vypuknutí „Velké vlastenecké války“ byly rozestavěny pouze čtyři a dokončen nebyl žádný. Stavba Třída konstrukčně navazovala na italskými loděnicemi postavenou vůdčí loď torpédoborců Taškent. Plánována byla stavba až dvanácti jednotek třídy Kijev. V letech 1939–1940 byly založeny kýly prvních čtyř. Po německé invazi do Sovětského svazu byly dva rozestavěné torpédoborce evakuovány do Poti. Zůstaly však nedokončeny a po válce byly sešrotovány. Druhý pár ještě ani nebyl spuštěn na vodu, a proto musel být zničen přimo v loděnici, aby nebyl ukořištěn německou armádou. Jednotky třídy Kijev: Konstrukce Plánovanou výzbroj představovalo šest 130mm kanónů ve dvoudělových věžích, dva 76mm kanóny, tři 45mm kanóny, osm 12,7mm kulometů a dva čtyřhlaňové 533mm torpédomety. Plavidla měla rovněž unést až 80 min. Pohonný systém tvořily dva vodotrubní kotle Yarrow a dvě převodové turbíny, pohánějící dva lodní šrouby. Nejvyšší rychlost měla dosahovat 38 uzlů. Odkazy Reference Literatura Kijev Kijev
en	wikipedia	N/A	Ernest Arthur George (17 October 1887 – 5 February 1971) was an Australian rules footballer who played with South Melbourne in the Victorian Football League (VFL). He later played for Brunswick in the VFA. George is best known for winning the 1913 Stawell Gift off 121⁄2 yards in 12.2secs. Notes External links 1887 births 1971 deaths Sydney Swans players Brunswick Football Club players Stawell Gift winners Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)
de	wikipedia	N/A	Delia Carmela Chiaro (* 23. September 1953 in Bedford, Großbritannien) ist eine britische Sprach- und Übersetzungswissenschaftlerin. Sie lehrt als Universitätsprofessorin für Englisch und Übersetzungswissenschaft an der Universität Bologna. Leben Delia Chiaro stammt aus dem in Zentralengland gelegenen Bedford. In den Jahren 1972 bis 1976 studierte sie Moderne Sprachen an der Universität Liverpool und spezialisierte sich im Anschluss daran an der Universität Birmingham auf Linguistik. Danach absolvierte sie zusätzlich in Italien an der Universität Neapel Federico II ein Studium der modernen Sprachen. Ihre universitäre Karriere begann Chiaro 1984 an der Universität Neapel und der Universität Potenza, wo sie bis 1992 als Dozentin tätig war. Von 1992 bis 1994 lehrte sie als außerordentliche Professorin an der Fakultät für Wirtschaft der Universität Salerno. 1995 trat Chiaro das Amt als außerordentliche Professorin an der Scuola Superiore di Lingue Moderne per Interpreti e Traduttori (heute: Sede di Forlì della Scuola di Lingue e Letterature, Traduzione e Interpretazione) in Forlì, einem Außensitz der Universität Bologna, an. Seit 2001 ist sie dort ordentliche Professorin für Englisch und Übersetzung und leitet das Masterprogramm Screen Translation. In ihrer Tätigkeit als Dozentin gab sie Lehrveranstaltungen u. a. zu englischer Sprache und Kultur, Sprachmittlung Englisch-Deutsch, englischer Sprachwissenschaft für Dolmetscher und Übersetzer und audiovisueller Übersetzung. Als Gastdozentin unterrichtete sie an verschiedenen Universitäten weltweit. Ihre Forschungsinteressen liegen in den Bereichen audiovisuelle Übersetzung und Humorforschung sowie interkulturelle Kommunikation, wobei der Fokus in ihren Studien auf der Art und Weise, wie Filme und Fernsehserien und insbesondere humoristische Szenen in andere Sprachen übertragen werden, liegt. Die Ergebnisse ihrer Forschung trägt sie als Gastrednerin bei internationalen Kongressen vor und publiziert in Fachzeitschriften und Büchern. Zu den Themen audiovisueller Übersetzung und Humorforschung organisiert sie Kongresse und Sommerschulen. Publikationen und Herausgeberschaften Publikationen (Auswahl) Chiaro, Delia (1992): The language of jokes: analysing verbal play. London, New York: Routledge. Bucaria, Chiara / Chiaro, Delia / Heiss, Christine (2008): Between text and image: updating research in screen translation. 2008. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: Benjamins. Chiaro, Delia (2010): Translation, humour and the media: Translation and humour. New York: Continuum. Herausgeberschaften und redaktionelle Tätigkeiten Mitglied im Redaktionsausschuss einzelner Ausgaben der Fachzeitschriften Humor International Journal of Humor Research (Mouton De Gruyter IMPACT FACTOR 2011: 0.857), CULTUS The Journal of Intercultural Mediation and Communication (), ESP Across Cultures () Co-Redaktionsleiterin bei mediAzioni: Rivista on-line di studi interdisciplinari su lingue e culture () Co-Herausgeberin der Reihe Topics in Humor Research (John Benjamins) Herausgeberin der Buchreihe Voci dalla traduzione (University of Bologna, Bononia University Press) Weblinks Informationen zu Delia Chiaro auf der Seite der Università di Bologna (italienisch) Einzelnachweise Anglist Linguist Übersetzungswissenschaftler Hochschullehrer (Basilikata) Hochschullehrer (Universität Bologna) Hochschullehrer (Universität Salerno) Hochschullehrer (Universität Neapel Federico II) Brite Geboren 1953 Frau
de	other	N/A	§ 35 JArbSchG ⚖️ Jugendarbeitsschutzgesetz.net § 35 Außerordentliche Nachuntersuchung (aktuelle Seite) PowerPoint-Präsentation - Zimmerer-Innung Main-Spessart http://www.zimmerer-main-spessart.de/files/content/documents/20-Innungsvortrag-... 23.08.2016 - Möglich „im Rahmen eines Betriebspraktikums während der Vollzeitschulpflicht“. (§5 Abs.2 Nr.2 JArbSchG) „...nur mit leichten und für sie geeigneten Tätigkeiten bis zu sieben Stunden täglich und 35 Stunden wöchentlich“. (§7 Abs.1 Nr.2 JArbSchG) 2 Ärztliche Untersuchungen (§ 37 JArbSchG, § 1 JArbSchUV. 2. ) Die Ärztin/der Arzt, die/der eine Jugendliche/einen Jugendlichen nach den §§ 32 bis 35 oder nach § 42 des Jugendarbeitsschutzgesetzes untersucht, hat unter Berücksichtigung der. Krankheitsvor Außerordentliche Nachuntersuchung (§ 35 JArbSchG). Der Arzt soll in der ärztlichen Bescheinigung für den Arbeitgeber eine außerordentliche. Nachuntersuchung anordnen, wenn eine Untersuchung ergibt, dass. 1. ein Jugendlicher hinter dem seinem Alter entspr Zur besonderen Beachtung. Ärztliche Untersuchungen nach dem Jugendarbeitsschutzgesetz ( JArbSchG ). Mit der Ausbildung ... (Erstuntersuchung § 32 JArbSchG) und dem Ausbildenden bzw. Arbeitgeber eine vom ... Rechtliche Grundlagen: BBiG § 35 BBiG / Eintrag 01.01.2015 - einem untersuchungsberechtigten Arzt ausgestellte Bescheinigung vorliegt. Der Arzt, der einen Jugendlichen nach den §§ 32 bis 35 oder nach § 42. JArbSchG untersucht, hat unter Berück- sichtigung der Krankheitsvorgeschichte des Jugendlichen a (Jugendarbeitsschutzgesetz - JArbSchG). JArbSchG. Ausfertigungsdatum: 12.04.1976. Vollzitat: "Jugendarbeitsschutzgesetz vom 12. April 1976 (BGBl. I S. 965), zuletzt geändert durch. Artikel 230 der Verordnung vom 31. Oktober 2006 ..... geeigneten Tätigkei Ärztliche Untersuchung nach dem JArbSchG - IHK Hanau ... https://www.hanau.ihk.de/ausbildung/Ausbildung/A_bis_Z_der_Ausbildung/Aerztlich... Die ärztliche Bescheinigung über die Erstuntersuchung ist der IHK vorzulegen, da sonst der Berufsausbildungsvertrag nicht eingetragen wird (§35 BBiG). Die Wahl des Arztes bleibt dem Auszubildenden überlassen, die Kosten der Untersuchung trägt das Land (§ Zuständig für die Ausgabe der UB-Scheine für alle Untersuchungen (§§ 32 bis 35, 42 JArbSchG) sind nach Nummer 5.2.1 der Anlage 2 zur Verordnung zur Regelung von Zuständigkeiten auf dem Gebiet des Arbeits- und technischen Gefahrenschutzes - ZustVO ArbtG - November 2017 at 9:35. Hallo T., laut § 5 Absatz 3 Jugendarbeitsschutzgesetz (JArbSchG) dürfen Kinder über 14 Jahren unter bestimmten Bedingungen sogenannte “leichte Beschäftigungen” ausführen. Voraussetzung für eine leichte Beschäftigung ist unter ander 2.4 Außerordentliche Nachuntersuchung (§ 35 JArbSchG) Ergibt eine der genannten Untersuchungen, dass der Jugendliche hinter dem seinem Alter entsprechenden Entwicklungsstand zurückgeblieben ist, gesundheitliche Schwächen oder Schäden vorhanden sind oder JArbSchG › Dritter Abschnitt Beschäftigung Jugendlicher › Vierter Titel Gesundheitliche Betreuung › § 35 § 35 Abs. 1 JArbSchG oder § 35 Abs. I JArbSchG § 35 Abs. 2 JArbSchG oder § 35 Abs. II JArbSchG
fr	wikipedia	N/A	Cenodoxus (ou parfois Cénodoxe, en français) est la plus célèbre des compositions théâtrales écrites en latin par le jésuite bavarois Jacob Bidermann, au début du XVIIe siècle. Composée par le dramaturge jésuite pour les représentations théâtrales de ses étudiants la pièce reprend et adapte la légende du Docteur Faust. Mise en scène pour la première fois en 1602 au collège d’Augsbourg elle est considérée comme l'une des inspirations du ‘Faust’ de Goethe. C’est une des compositions dramatiques les plus représentatives du théâtre pédagogique jésuite. Histoire Composée dans le cadre éducatif du collège jésuite d’Augsbourg la pièce Cenodoxus est mise en scène pour la première fois en 1602 et jouée par les élèves des classes terminales du collège. On connait des ébauches manuscrites du texte antérieures à 1600. La représentation initiale de est si bien accueillie qu'elle est exécutée une deuxième fois le lendemain. Très accessible à l’entendement du public, bien qu’en langue latine, la pièce a un succès bientôt européen. Des performances sont signalées à Munich et Lucerne en 1609. La pièce a également été jouée avec des résultats comparables à Porrentruy en 1615, à Ingolstadt en 1617, à Paris en 1636, Ypres et Hildesheim en 1654>, Une traduction en langue allemande fut faite en 1635 par Joachim Meichel. Intrigue Docteur parisien, Cénodoxe était un homme d’excellente réputation: il soignait les malades, aidait les pauvres et s'occupait de ceux qui étaient dans le besoin. Aimé et admiré de tous il avait réussi tout ce qu'il s'était proposé de faire. Professeur, savant, médecin, avocat, et philosophe : il excellait dans tous les domaines. Mais, avec l’âge, sa santé décline ce qui alarme ses amis. Malade, ses amis lui rendent visite, mais ils ne peuvent rien faire pour le sauver. Tout ce qu'ils peuvent offrir ce sont de bonnes paroles. Ils souhaitaient lui ressembler et priaient pour lui jour et nuit. Cénodoxe était la personne la plus gentille qu'ils aient jamais rencontrée. Le prêtre lui rend visite mais le malade n’a pas de péché déjà avoué qu’il n’ait à confesser. Le prêtre part disant qu'il avait fait tout ce qu'il pouvait : «Mais avec l'aide du Seigneur, il peut encore retrouver la santé». Pourtant Cénodoxe meurt et le deuil commence. Lorsque le cadavre de Cénodoxe est emmené à la cathédrale et préparé pour les derniers rites il est posé sur la table de pierre. En trois jours, chaque fois que le prêtre prononce son nom «Cénodoxe» le cadavre sursaute, ouvre la bouche et - bougeant ses lèvres mortes – supplie d'interrompre le service. C'était un mauvais présage et chaque fois le prêtre remettait la cérémonie au lendemain. Et jour après jour une foule plus grande assistait à ce qui se passait. Le premier jour, le prêtre dit: «Cénodoxe était un homme bon». Il s'écrie: «J'ai été accusé». Le deuxième jour, le prêtre dit: «Cénodoxe était un homme bon». De nouveau il s'écrie: «J'ai été reconnu coupable». Le troisième jour, le prêtre dit: «Cénodoxe était un homme bon». Il hurle: «Oh, mon Dieu, mon Dieu, mon Dieu, j'ai été condamné à l'enfer éternel». Les spectateurs sont stupéfaits, car absolument rien de ce que Cénodoxe avait fait ne semblait justifier la damnation. Il n'était pas connu pour avoir juré, triché ou convoiter. Il n'était pas un joueur, mais était en fait si généreux avec ses biens qu'il ne possédait rien à sa mort. Personne n’y comprend rien. Saint Bruno, à cette époque chanoine et écolâtre à Reims, était l'un des nombreux amis de Cénodoxe, et comme beaucoup d’autres, se trouvait dans la cathédrale bondée lorsque cette scène tragique se passait. Stupéfait et confus comme les autres il se demandait pourquoi Cénodoxe avait reçu un jugement si sévère : «Si un homme tel que Cénodoxe est perdu, malgré les nombreuses bonnes actions qu'il a faites, comment puis-je être sauvé, moi qui suis beaucoup moins méritant?» Et saint Bruno quitta le monde et laissa société derrière lui pour fonder un Ordre de moines. Il a compris que faire des bonnes actions pour les autres risquait de magnifier l’orgueil et la superbe, une sorte de vaine gloire qui est péché mortel, empêchant l'entrée au Paradis. Représentations Au fil du succès des représentations publiques les costumes, danses et décors devenaient de plus en plus élaborés. La pièce augmentait en complexité. Chacun des sept péchés capitaux, par exemple, était personnifié par un étudiant habillé de manière qu'il puisse être immédiatement reconnu comme tel, et une séquence chorégraphique complexe impliquait les péchés capitaux approchant le corps mourant de Cénodoxe. Certains s’approchaient individuellement, d'autres par paires. Chacun chuchotait à l'oreille du Cénodoxe endormi, pour l'égarer, ou susciter en lui un doute, ou encourager un défaut qu'ils cherchaient à favoriser. Les mouvements étaient chorégraphiques. Les sept péchés capitaux, prenaient la forme de démons dansant sur une scène convertie en chambre à coucher. L’ensemble nécessitait un travail considérable de préparation chorégraphique avec de nombreuses répétitions. Notes Bibliographie Les pièces de Bidermann furent rassemblées et imprimées en 1666 sous le titre Ludi theatrales, toujours en latin, quelque 27 ans après sa mort. Cenodoxus (traduite et éditée en anglais par D.G. Dyer), Univ. of Texas Press, 1974. Pièce de théâtre latine Pièce de théâtre du XVIIe siècle Publication jésuite
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en	wikipedia	N/A	The 2010 Women's Pan-American Volleyball Cup was the ninth edition of the annual women's volleyball tournament, played by eleven countries from 18–26 June 2010 in Rosarito and Tijuana, Mexico. The intercontinental event served as a qualifier for the 2011 FIVB World Grand Prix and 2010 Final Four. Competing Nations Squads Preliminary round Group A \|} \|} Group B \|} \|} Final round Championship bracket 5th–10th places bracket Classification 5–10 \|} Quarterfinals \|} Classification 9 \|} Classification 5–8 \|} Semifinals \|} Classification 7–8, 5–6 \|} Finals \|} Final ranking Dominican Republic, Peru, the United States, Cuba, Argentina and Brazil qualified for the 2011 FIVB World Grand Prix. Dominican Republic, Peru and Argentina qualified along with Mexico for the 2010 Final Four. Individual awards Most Valuable Player Best Scorer Best Spiker Best Blocker Best Server Best Digger Best Setter Best Receiver Best Libero References External links Results Women's Pan-American Volleyball Cup P V International volleyball competitions hosted by Mexico
en	wikipedia	N/A	Marcel Just Théodore Marie Couraud (20 October 1912 in Limoges – 14 September 1986 in Loches) was a French orchestral and choral conductor and organist. Biography Couraud studied organ with André Marchal in Paris where he attended the Ecole Normale de Musique. He also took courses in composition with Nadia Boulanger and conducting with Charles Munch. In 1944 he founded the Ensemble Vocal Marcel-Couraud, with whom he performed chansons and madrigals of the Renaissance period (including Orlando di Lasso and Claudio Monteverdi) as well as works by contemporary composers such as Trois Petites Liturgies de la présence divine by Olivier Messiaen. He led the ensemble and also served as the choral director of the Maîtrise de Radio France until 1954 and then conducted the Bach Choir and Bach Orchestra Stuttgart. He also commissioned Epithalame in 1953, a vocal chamber piece by André Jolivet. From 1967, he was director of the choir of the broadcaster ORTF of Paris. From its members, he formed in the following year the Groupe Vocal de France, with whom he performed contemporary works such as Cinq Rechants by Messiaen, the Dodécaméron by Ivo Malec, Récitatif, air et variations of Gilbert Amy, Nuits by Iannis Xenakis and the Sonata à douze by Betsy Jolas. Marcel Couraud References 1912 births 1986 deaths People from Limoges French choral conductors French male conductors (music) 20th-century French conductors (music) 20th-century French male musicians
en	wikipedia	N/A	Teresita Rigo Durango Magalona (born Teresita Rigo Durango; September 30, 1928 – April 27, 1990), known professionally as Tita Duran, was a Filipina film actress who began as a child actress. She was the first successful child star of Philippine cinema. Career Duran joined a movie in her early career as an eight-year-old child abandoned by her mother in 1936 family-drama of Awit ng mga Ulila ("The Songs of the Orphans"). In 1938, Sampaguita Pictures spotted the child and cast her in a tear-jerker movie titled Inang Mahal ("Dear Mother"). Her second movie for Sampaguita was Ang Magsasampaguita (The Sampaguita Vendor). Duran made two movies under LVN Pictures: Pangarap ("Dream") and Sawing Gantimpala ("Lost Prize") both in 1940. After World War II, she made a comeback in her studio Sampaguita Pictures. She joined in a war film with Carmen Rosales titled Guerilyera and typecasted in numerous musical films paired by some of Sampaguita's finest actors. Her last movie with Sampaguita was Isang Halik Mo Pancho. She made Maria Went to Town under Deegar Cinema Inc. Personal life Duran was married to Pancho Magalona on October 2, 1948. She was the mother of Francis Magalona and grandmother to Maxene Magalona. Filmography 1936 - Awit ng mga Ulila 1936 - Sa Paanan ng Krus 1937 - Milagro ng Nazareno sa Quiapo 1937 - Anak ng Kadiliman 1938 - Inang Mahal 1938 - Ang Magmamani 1938 - Alipin ng Palad 1938 - Mariang Alimango 1938 - Ang Pusong Wasak 1939 - Anak ng Hinagpis 1939 - Tatlong Pagkabirhen 1939 - Tunay Na Ina 1939 - Palaboy ng Diyos 1939 - Ang Magsasampaguita 1940 - Awit ng Magulang 1940 - Pangarap 1940 - Lihim ng Lumang Simbahan 1940 - Sa Duyang ng Pagmamahal 1940 - Sawing Gantimpala 1940 - Bahaghari 1940 - Nang Mahawi Ang Ulap 1941 - Panambitan 1941 - Paraiso 1946 - Guerilyera 1946 - Maynila 1947 - Lantang Asahar 1947 - Ang Kapilya sa May Daang Bakal 1947 - Dahil sa Ina 1948 - Ang Anak ng Dagat 1948 - Pamana ng Tulisan 1948 - Bulaklak na Walang Pangalan 1948 - Dahil sa Iyo 1948 - Tatlong Puso 1948 - Maharlika 1949 - Always kay ganda mo 1949 - Ulilang Kalapati 1949 - Tala sa Umaga 1949 - Milagro ng Birhen ng mga Rosas 1949 - Sa Piling Mo 1950 - Huwag Ka ng Magtampo! 1950 - Umaga na Giliw 1950 - Kay Ganda Mo Neneng 1951 - Kasintahan sa Pangarap 1952 - Barbaro 1952 - Buhay Pilipino 1952 - Cumbanchera 1953 - Ang Ating Pag-ibig 1953 - Sa Isang Sulyap Mo Tita 1953 - Vod-A-Vil 1954 - Sa Isang Halik Mo Pancho 1955 - Maria Went to Town 1956 - Mr. & Mrs. 1956 - Rockin' the Cha-Cha 1956 - Bella Filipina 1957 - Bicol Express 1957 - Yaya Maria 1958 - Tatak ni Solomon 1977 - Sinong Kapiling? Sinong Kasiping? 1983 - Bundok ng Susong Dalaga 1988 - Isusumbong Kita sa Diyos References External links 1929 births 1991 deaths 20th-century Filipino actresses Actresses from Cebu Filipino child actresses Tita People from Cebu City
en	caselaw	US	424 F.2d 247 BUTLER PAPER COMPANY, Plaintiff-Appellant,v.BUSINESS FORMS, LTD., Defendant, andManeke-Kinzie Printing Company, Defendant-Appellee. No. 181-69. United States Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit. March 10, 1970. Rehearing Denied April 21, 1970. Franklin D. Hettinger, of Boesche, McDermott & Eskridge, Tulsa, Okl., for appellant. R. Dobie Langenkamp, Tulsa, Okl., for appellee. Before LEWIS, HILL and HOLLOWAY, Circuit Judges. HILL, Circuit Judge. 1 This diversity action was instituted by Butler Paper against Maneke-Kinzie to recover on a guaranty in which Maneke-Kinzie agreed to guarantee payment for paper used by Business Forms and supplied by Butler Paper, and for recovery against Business Forms on its contracts of purchase. The district court concluded upon its own findings that Butler failed to tender sufficient evidence to sustain its burden of proof and accordingly held that Maneke-Kinzie was free from liability on its guaranty. This appeal followed with appellant Butler essentially arguing that the district court committed manifest error by construing the guaranty in favor of the guarantor. The finding that Business Forms is liable to Butler Paper is not appealed. 2 Because the case was before the trial court without a jury, the findings entered will be set aside only on a showing of clear error.1 The burden is upon the appellant to definitely and firmly convince us that upon the basis of the entire record, a reversible mistake has been made.2 We thus proceed to detail the facts. Butler is a Delaware corporation with offices in Wichita, Kansas, and Dallas, Texas. In mid-1965, Butler agreed to supply Business Forms' predecessor,3 a Bartlesville, Oklahoma, printing company, with their paper needs. The mechanics of the operation provided that Butler would ship paper to the Business Forms' warehouse and send the invoices to the Bartlesville offices. Business Forms then signed security agreements confirming that the paper was Butler's property until such time as it was used in a printing job. When Butler's paper was used a job slip was made on which was recorded the amount of paper used and the customer's name. Nothing on that slip served to correlate the paper used with the invoice under which it was delivered from Butler. Periodically a Butler employee collected the job slips from the Bartlesville plant. As the jobs were completed and the customer remitted to Business Forms, the proceeds were designated as trust funds until the appropriate accounting was made to Butler. 3 By November, 1965, Business Forms was in critical financial straits. A creditor's committee attempted to rectify the situation by requesting Maneke-Kinzie, a Tulsa firm, to provide management supervision. The latter consented and covenanted to guarantee obligations which matured after November 1, 1965, and which were authorized by their office. On November 12, by letter to Butler Paper Company, Maneke-Kinzie agreed to conditionally guarantee paper shipped to Business Forms, Limited.4 Under this arrangement Business Forms continued to order and Butler continued to ship paper to Bartlesville. Accompanying each purchase order was a Maneke-Kinzie specific letter guarantee which covered the paper shipped. After about twenty orders which conformed to the usual methods, Maneke-Kinzie changed the procedure. The new purchase orders designated Maneke-Kinzie as the purchaser and the shipping destination as the Business Forms' warehouse. There were no specific letter guarantee letters with these later purchase orders but each order contained the notation "Confirming in addition to guarantee letter" or simply "Confirming." The pithy contention of Maneke-Kinzie was that only the orders accompanied by a specific letter guarantee create liability under the November 12 guaranty and that their payments to Butler have exceeded the amounts so ordered. In concise form, Butler alleged that all the purchase orders were covered by the guaranty of November 12 and that the presence or absence of accompanying guaranty letters was of no consequence. In January, 1967, Business Forms went out of business and left Butler with an allegedly uncollectible debt of over $37,000. Of that amount appellant claims that $26,721.68 was subject to the November 12, 1965, Maneke-Kinzie guaranty. 4 The relevant findings of the court are these: Business Forms was liable to Butler for $37,040.30; the November 12, 1965, letter constituted a guaranty agreement; the agreement "specifically limited Maneke-Kinzie's liability with reference to the collection of accounts and the payment of the collections of certain accounts to Butler Paper Company and specifically limited the liability to default after 10-day's notice"; there was no evidence of a ten day notice; the guaranty contract obligated Butler to maintain records sufficient to indicate what was guaranteed and that Butler was required under the terms of that agreement to give Maneke-Kinzie notice of the aggregate amount owed under the guaranty. Upon these findings the trial court concluded that Butler Paper failed to sustain its burden of proof and decided that Maneke-Kinzie had not breached its contract. 5 The guaranty agreement does not require Butler to give a ten day notice and the trial court's contrary construction is clearly erroneous. The "notice" language is unambiguous and only by an impermissible manipulation of the sentence could it be given the meaning attributed to it by the lower court. The plain, ordinary and obvious intention was to permit demand for payment only after expiration of a ten day grace period from the date of customer remittance. Since the facts tacitly admit of actual knowledge by Maneke-Kinzie regarding Business Forms' default, and inasmuch as the record is devoid of evidence showing any Maneke-Kinzie injury between the time of default and notice of the suit, the guaranty provision has had sufficient compliance as has the Oklahoma statute on notice.5 6 The trial court's supplemental finding that the guaranty contract imposed an obligation on Butler to maintain records indicating which jobs were guaranteed is likewise clearly erroneous. To sustain its burden upon this finding, Butler had to tender a ledger of job orders which indicated whether payment was received, and then compare it to Business Forms' accounts receivable ledger and from that, determine the amounts guaranteed by Maneke-Kinzie. After having thoroughly perused the guaranty instrument, we conclude that it was wrong to say it required any of the aforementioned records. The agreement provided only for transmittal of security agreements, job slips and payment for the paper used. It is questionable whether good business practice would require more than a running total showing current indebtedness by Business Forms, but it is certain that the contract which governs the suit does not impose that obligation. 7 We have studied the exhibits introduced during the trial and have given careful scrutiny to plaintiff's exhibits F-1 through F-21 and G-1 through G-36. Cumulatively these represent the purchases made from Butler between November 1, 1965, and January, 1967. There is no controversy over Maneke-Kinzie's liability on the first twenty-one orders (the F series) which were accompanied by a letter guarantee. It is the G series, which is made up of purchase orders unaccompanied by letter guarantees, that is at the heart of this suit and to which we have given particular attention. By mere observation of these last thirty-six purchase orders, it is obvious that Maneke-Kinzie intended to assume responsibility for the paper delivered, under the terms of the guaranty agreement. Thirty-three of these orders were purchases made by Maneke-Kinzie on Maneke-Kinzie order forms and signed by Maneke-Kinzie's authorized representative; two purchases were made on Business Forms order blanks which designated Maneke-Kinzie as purchaser; and another has no purchase order but has the consignee's memo which lists Maneke-Kinzie as purchaser-shipper. We think it too anamolous for Maneke-Kinzie to argue now that it has no guaranty liability on these purchases when the all too obvious intent spelled out on the face of the last thirty-six purchase orders is that Maneke-Kinzie clearly identified itself as the purchaser and deemed itself liable for the paper so ordered. 8 At this point the conclusion of the trial court is in obvious jeopardy. The findings and conclusions of the lower court suggest that a portion of the purchase orders were not covered by the guaranty agreement and that absent proof by Butler establishing which were guaranteed, the proof fails to support the case. We find this burden unacceptable under a proper construction of the guaranty. Both parties seem to agree that the "Owens letter" of November 12 contains the substance of the guaranty agreement between Butler and Maneke-Kinzie. The text of that agreement is susceptible to multiple interpretations and may be construed to lend support to the contentions of both parties. The first paragraph sustains the basic tenants of Butler's case, i. e., that all purchase orders were under the guaranty notwithstanding the absence of a specific letter guarantee. The concluding paragraph lends credibility to the Maneke-Kinzie argument that only if a special letter guarantee accompanied a purchase order would that invoice be guaranteed. To resolve the conflicting viewpoints we turn to Oklahoma law which explicitly holds that guaranty agreements are to be construed most strongly against the guarantor.6 Under this rule the general tenor of the guaranty's first paragraph must control. That is, Maneke-Kinzie's guarantee stretched to cover the cost of paper used in all jobs for which payment had been made to Business Forms but not remitted to Butler. 9 Butler was not confined to one method of proving Maneke-Kinzie's liability. They proved the total amount of paper shipped and then, by accounting for all other uses, maintained that the paper not accounted for in their figures had to be that which was made into forms, paid for by customers, but not remitted to Butler. There appears no legal reason why this was an unacceptable method of proof. Of course, to be successful, the figures used in computing the nonguaranteed uses of Butler's paper must be established by a preponderance of the evidence. Furthermore, so long as the proof conforms to the rules of evidence, it could originate with the files of Butler, Business Forms, or Maneke-Kinzie. 10 To expedite final treatment of this case, Butler has unilaterally stipulated to several items which they earlier contested. The main unresolved transaction concerns two checks totalling $14,000. The source of dispute is in the $10,791.47 worth of paper in Business Forms' warehouse on November 1, 1965. Since it had not been used and was then subject to the security agreements, there was no debt outstanding. However, neither party contends that this paper comes within the terms of the guaranty agreement. Butler merely alleges that since neither party designated the jobs to which the $14,000 was to be applied, the court should credit it against the holdover paper. The record, however, plainly refutes appellant's premise since the General Manager of Butler's Wichita division testified in unequivocal terms that he told the Maneke-Kinzie representative that this would be applied to the guaranteed obligation of Maneke-Kinzie. Neither the terms of the guaranty nor the rule in Standard Surety & Casualty Company of New York v. United States, 154 F.2d 335, 164 A.L.R. 935 (10th Cir. 1946), as urged by appellant, permits us to credit the $14,000 payment against the unguaranteed paper. 11 Butler is willing to credit the guaranteed account of Maneke-Kinzie with $100,283.84. Specifically, they credit the account in the following manner: repossessed paper, $18,211.05; abandoned paper, $2,500; nonguaranteed supplies, $375.04; cash payments, $69,847.48; paper sold to customers but not paid for, $5,697.39; and $3,652.88 as bad debt charge-offs.7 By deducting the total from $123,352.60 which represents the total paper shipped by Butler, the appellant requests a minimum judgment of $23,068.76. We are hesitant, however, to adopt these figures in light of our disposition of the issue regarding the $14,000 payment, and also because some of the critical computations are made on the basis of conflicting evidence. Furthermore, before a fair determination can be made as to Maneke-Kinzie's liability, additional proof must be adduced to account for wasted paper and to trace the disposition of the unguaranteed paper, i. e., that shipped prior to November 1, 1965. The trial court did not make findings on these issues and we are reluctant to do so on the basis of the briefs and record alone. In short, we believe this to be a question of fact more properly resolved by findings of the trial judge. 12 The judgment is therefore reversed and remanded with directions to proceed in a manner consistent with this opinion. Notes: 1 Knauff v. Utah Constr. & Min. Co., 408 F.2d 958 (10th Cir. 1969); Continental Cas. Co. v. Rose, 405 F.2d 1195 (10th Cir. 1969); United States Fidelity & Guaranty Co. v. State of Oklahoma ex rel. Sebring, 383 F.2d 417 (10th Cir. 1967) 2 Clancy v. First Nat'l Bank of Colorado Springs, 408 F.2d 899 (10th Cir. 1969); Raulie v. United States, 400 F.2d 487 (10th Cir. 1968); Eureka-Carlisle Co. v. Rottman, 398 F.2d 1015 (10th Cir. 1968) 3 No distinction will be made in this opinion between the predecessor corporation, Commerce Printing Corporation, and its successor corporation, Business Forms, Limited, since all parties agree that the companies are identical with the liability being unaffected by the change of names 4 During November, 1965, Butler and Maneke-Kinzie exchanged three letters. While each was important to the agreement, the "Owens letter" of November 12 is looked to by the parties as containing the essential elements of the guaranty. That letter reads as follows: "Mr. Dick Dixon has advised me about the mechanics of your secured paper sales to Commerce Printing Corporation. In view of their condition we would prefer to have them continue the same secured buying arrangement with you but would improve your position by guaranteeing that if Commerce did not remit to you when their customer paid that we would promptly do so. My understanding of the procedure is that Commerce would requisition paper; Mr. Steve Minor would actually issue the purchase order to you for the paper on behalf of Commerce; you would ship directly to Commerce; they would execute the Security Agreement when the paper is received; the identical procedure to notify you of the amount of paper used and to furnish you with the identity of the customer for whom it was used would be followed; upon receipt of the check from the customer payment would be immediately forwarded to you for the paper actually used. In the event that such payment was not made within ten days, this company upon notice from you would honor its guarantee and make the payment. We would also like to continue the same procedure insofar as purchases from Butler Paper Company of Dallas are concerned. If this arrangement will be satisfactory, please let me know and we will prepare the guarantee letter to cover the situation and will forward a guarantee letter attached to each purchase order issued over Mr. Miner's signature. If you have any suggested changes or desire to improve the mechanics in any fashion, please have no hesitancy in submitting your thoughts." 5 See 15 Okl.St.Ann. § 333. 6 Rucker v. Republic Supply Co., 415 P.2d 951 (Okl.1966); Lamm & Co. v. Colcord, 22 Okl. 493, 98 P. 355, 19 L.R.A.,N.S., 901 (Okl.1908);cf. Federal Savings & Loan Ass'n v. Bell, 146 Okl. 128, 293 P. 214 (Okl.1930); First National Bank v. Cleveland, 127 Okl. 176, 260 P. 80 (Okl.1927). 7 Butler's brief indicated that on remand the bad debt charge-off may be contested as an inappropriate credit to Maneke-Kinzie's account
en	caselaw	US	10/4/2019 Digital Exchange Case 1:19-cv-09236 Bitfinex, Under Document 1-43U.S. Scrutiny, Filed Gets ING AccountPage 10/06/19 - Bloomberg 1 of 3 Cryptocurrencies Digital Exchange Bitfinex, Under U.S. Scrutiny, Gets ING Account By Ruben Munsterman and Matthew Leising February 20, 2018, 2:15 PM EST Wells Fargo had ended dealings with exchange last year U.S. regulator said to send subpoenas to Bitfinex on Dec. 6 Crypto Exchange Bitfinex, Tether Are Said Subpoenaed by CFTC B Crypto Exchange Bitfinex, Tether Are Said Subpoenaed by CFTC Bitfinex, the digital-currency exchange being scrutinized by the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission, opened an account with ING Groep NV after losing its relationship with Wells Fargo & Co. last year. Harold Reusken, a spokesman for Amsterdam-based ING, said that Bitfinex is a customer of the bank and declined to comment further on the exchange, citing customer confidentiality. He said the bank does more extensive due diligence on cryptocurrency transactions. “With companies that are active in the crypto market we are very reserved,” Reusken said in an email. “Not with companies that are in traditional markets and receive or do payments with https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-02-20/digital-exchange-bitfinex-under-u-s-scrutiny-gets-ing-account 1/3 10/4/2019 Digital Exchange Case 1:19-cv-09236 Bitfinex, Under Document 1-43U.S. Scrutiny, Filed Gets ING AccountPage 10/06/19 - Bloomberg 2 of 3 cryptocurrencies, but with parties that are in the chain of cryptocurrencies.” Bitfinex hasn’t been willing to identify any banks it’s working with to send and receive money since last year. The account at ING is significant because it shows a giant international bank is willing to work with Bitfinex -- one of the world’s largest crypto exchanges -- and, within the market, a hot topic of conversation because the unregulated venue provides relatively few details about its financial operations. Read more: Mystery shrouds Tether and its links to big Bitcoin exchange San Francisco-based Wells Fargo in March 2017 ended its role as a correspondent bank of Bitfinex. Later in the year, documents posted online showed Bitfinex directing prospective customers to Poland’s Bank Spoldzielczy. A bank official there declined in December to say whether Bitfinex was a client. Bitfinex is run by the same management team that oversees Tether, a digital currency that claims to be pegged to the U.S. dollar. Robert Ford, an outside spokesman for Bitfinex and Tether, didn’t immediately return an email seeking comment. Follow the Money, a Dutch news outlet, reported earlier on the ING account. In the Dutch parliament, Henk Nijboer of the opposition Labour Party asked Finance Minister Wopke Hoekstra on Monday for clarification about ING’s involvement with Bitfinex. About $2.2 billion of Tether coins were in circulation as of Tuesday, according to the company. While Tether has said the coins are backed by U.S. dollars held in reserve, the company hasn’t provided evidence of its holdings or submitted to an audit. Because of that, the CFTC issued subpoenas to Bitfinex and Tether on Dec. 6, a person familiar with the matter said last month. Tether is the world’s second-most traded cryptocurrency after Bitcoin, according to data collected by Coinmarketcap.com. Teunis Brosens, a senior economist specializing in crypto at ING, criticized the digital token on Dutch business news program RTLZ last month. “Every time the Bitcoin gained, then Tether gained too -- it seemed that they were printed to support the quote of Bitcoin,” Brosens said. “If Tether destabilizes, that will be the next blow for crypto.” In this article INGA https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-02-20/digital-exchange-bitfinex-under-u-s-scrutiny-gets-ing-account 2/3 10/4/2019 Digital Exchange Case 1:19-cv-09236 Bitfinex, Under Document 1-43U.S. Scrutiny, Filed Gets ING AccountPage 10/06/19 - Bloomberg 3 of 3 ING GROEP NV 9.13 EUR +0.06 +0.62% WFC WELLS FARGO & CO 49.21 USD +0.73 +1.51% 3956452Z LABOUR PARTY/THE Private Company Terms of Service Trademarks Privacy Policy ©2019 Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved Careers Made in NYC Advertise Ad Choices Contact Us Help https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-02-20/digital-exchange-bitfinex-under-u-s-scrutiny-gets-ing-account 3/3
de	contracts	EU	5.11.2020 DE Amtsblatt der Europäischen Union L 368/23 BESCHLUSS DES GEMEINSAMEN EWR-AUSSCHUSSES Nr. 122/2018 vom 31. Mai 2018 zur Änderung von Protokoll 47 (Beseitigung technischer Handelshemmnisse für Wein) des EWR-Abkommens [2020/1624] DER GEMEINSAME EWR-AUSSCHUSS — gestützt auf das Abkommen über den Europäischen Wirtschaftsraum (im Folgenden „EWR-Abkommen“), insbesondere auf Artikel 98, in Erwägung nachstehender Gründe: (1) Die Durchführungsverordnung (EU) 2017/2281 der Kommission vom 11. Dezember 2017 zur Genehmigung einer Anhebung der Grenzwerte für die Anreicherung von Wein aus Trauben der Ernte 2017 in bestimmten Weinanbaugebieten Deutschlands und in allen Weinanbaugebieten Dänemarks, der Niederlande und Schwedens (1) ist in das EWR-Abkommen aufzunehmen. (2) Dieser Beschluss betrifft weinrechtliche Vorschriften. Nach Absatz 7 der Einleitung zu Protokoll 47 des EWR-Abkommens gelten weinrechtliche Vorschriften nicht für Liechtenstein, solange Liechtenstein in das Abkommen zwischen der Europäischen Gemeinschaft und der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft über den Handel mit landwirtschaftlichen Erzeugnissen einbezogen ist. Dieser Beschluss gilt daher nicht für Liechtenstein. (3) Protokoll 47 zum EWR-Abkommen sollte daher entsprechend geändert werden — HAT FOLGENDEN BESCHLUSS ERLASSEN: Artikel 1 In Anhang 1 zu Protokoll 47 des EWR-Abkommens wird nach Nummer 15 (Durchführungsverordnung (EU) 2016/2147 der Kommission) folgende Nummer eingefügt: „16. 32017 R 2281: Durchführungsverordnung (EU) 2017/2281 der Kommission vom 11. Dezember 2017 zur Genehmigung einer Anhebung der Grenzwerte für die Anreicherung von Wein aus Trauben der Ernte 2017 in bestimmten Weinanbaugebieten Deutschlands und in allen Weinanbaugebieten Dänemarks, der Niederlande und Schwedens (ABl. L 328 vom 12.12.2017, S. 17)“. Artikel 2 Der Wortlaut der Durchführungsverordnung (EU) 2017/2281 in isländischer und norwegischer Sprache, der in der EWR-Beilage des Amtsblatts der Europäischen Union veröffentlicht wird, ist verbindlich. Artikel 3 Dieser Beschluss tritt am 1. Juni 2018 in Kraft, sofern alle Mitteilungen nach Artikel 103 Absatz 1 des EWR-Abkommens vorliegen (1). Artikel 4 Dieser Beschluss wird im EWR-Abschnitt und in der EWR-Beilage des Amtsblatts der Europäischen Union veröffentlicht. Geschehen zu Brüssel am 31. Mai 2018. Für den Gemeinsamen EWR-Ausschuss Der Präsident Claude MAERTEN (1) ABl. L 328 vom 12.12.2017, S. 17. (1) Ein Bestehen verfassungsrechtlicher Anforderungen wurde nicht mitgeteilt.
fi	wikipedia	N/A	Tracy Ann Caulkins (s. 11. tammikuuta 1963, Winona, Minnesota) on yhdysvaltalainen entinen kilpauimari, kolminkertainen olympiavoittaja ja viisinkertainen maailmanmestari. Häntä pidetään yhtenä kaikkien aikojen monipuolisimmista uimareista, sillä hän menestyi sekä vapaa-, rinta-, selkä- että perhosuinnissa ja ui Yhdysvaltain ennätyksiä näissä kaikissa uintityyleissä. Caulkins ui kaikkiaan 63 Yhdysvaltain ennätystä, viisi maailmanennätystä ja voitti 48 henkilökohtaista Yhdysvaltain mestaruutta. Vuoden 1978 Berliinin MM-kisoissa hän voitti viisi kultaa ja hopeamitalin. Vuoden 1980 olympialaiset jäivät häneltä väliin olympiaboikotin vuoksi, mutta vuoden 1984 kisoissa hän voitti kultaa 200 ja 400 metrin sekauinnissa sekä 4 × 100 metrin sekauintiviestissä. Pan Amerikan kisoissa vuosina 1979 ja 1983 hän voitti kaikkiaan kuusi kultaa ja kolme hopeaa. Olympialaisten jälkeen hän lopetti uransa vasta 21-vuotiaana. Caulkins valittiin kansainväliseen uinnin hall of fameen vuonna 1990 (International Swimming Hall of Fame). Caulkins on naimisissa australialaisen olympiahopeamitalistiuimarin Mark Stockwellin kanssa ja hän asuu Brisbanessa, Australiassa. Vuonna 2000 Sports Illustrated -lehti valitsi Caulkinsin 1900-luvun kymmenenneksi parhaaksi naisurheilijaksi. Lähteet Yhdysvaltalaiset olympiavoittajat Yhdysvaltalaiset uimarit Vuonna 1963 syntyneet Elävät henkilöt
fi	other	N/A	⭐INFORMAATION VISUALISOINTI WEB-SOVELLUKSESSA. Case: ispeak INFORMAATION VISUALISOINTI WEB-SOVELLUKSESSA. Case: ispeak Download "INFORMAATION VISUALISOINTI WEB-SOVELLUKSESSA. Case: ispeak" 1 INFORMAATION VISUALISOINTI WEB-SOVELLUKSESSA Case: ispeak Tampereen ammattikorkeakoulu Viestinnän koulutusohjelman opinnäyte Vuorovaikutteisuuden suunnittelu Toukokuu 2010 Essi Nieminen2 OPINNÄYTTEEN TIIVISTELMÄ Essi Nieminen Informaation visualisointi web-sovelluksessa Case ispeak Toukokuu sivua Tampereen ammattikorkeakoulu Viestinnän koulutusohjelma Vuorovaikutteisuuden suunnittelu Lopputyön muoto: kirjallinen Lopputyön ohjaaja: Ari Närhi Lopputyön tarkastaja: Jussi Jokinen Avainsanat: informaatiografiikka, kartografia, web-sovellus, käyttöliittymäsuunnittelu Tiivistelmä: Opinnäytetyössä käsiteltiin informaation visualisointia web-sovelluksessa. Ensisijainen päämäärä oli perehtyä informaatiografiikkaan, eritoten kartografiaan ja soveltaa opittua tietoa käytännön suunnittelutyössä. Työn niin teoreettinen kuin käytännönläheisempikin tarkastelu tehtiin websovellusta ispeak silmällä pitäen. Työssä esiteltiin casen kannalta oleellisia informaatiografiikan osa-alueita sekä hyödyllisimpiä vuorovaikutteisia elementtejä, joiden avulla löydettiin useita keinoja visualisoida päällekkäistä informaatiota. Lopulta esiteltiin ratkaisumalleja eri osa-alueilla ilmenneisiin haasteisiin ja eriteltiin myös tarkemmin ne ratkaisut, joihin lopulta päädyttiin. Näkökulma oli koko työn ajan puhtaasti suunnittelullinen, vaikka muutamassa kohdassa sivuttiin myös tiedonkeruuprosessia sekä tulevaa teknistä toteutusta.3 THESIS SUMMARY Essi Nieminen Information Visualization in a Web Application Case ispeak May pages Tampere University of Applied Sciences Degree Programme in Media Area of Specialisation: Interactive Design Type of Final Project: Written Thesis Supervisor: Ari Närhi Thesis Inspector: Jussi Jokinen Keywords: cartography, information graphics, web application, interface design Abstract: This final thesis concentrated on processing information visualization in a web application. Author's primary goal was to familiarize herself with information graphics, especially cartography and adapt the learned knowledge in practice. Focus was also on analyzing beneficial interactive elements, mostly different kind of controls. Analysis throughout the thesis was carried out purely in designer's point of view, although the technical implementation was also shortly referenced. Thesis aimed at discovering multiple methods to visualize data on a map surface and different kind of solution examples were presented, also specifying the solutions that were chosen in the end.4 SISÄLLYSLUETTELO 1 JOHDANTO MIKÄ IHMEEN INFORMAATIOGRAFIIKKA? Tilastollinen informaatiografiikka CASESSA HUOMIOITAVAT INFORMAATIOGRAFIIKAN OSA-ALUEET Kartografia Yleiset lähtökohdat karttasuunnitteluun Värien käyttö osana karttasuunnittelua Ikonit, symbolit ja indeksit Symbolisuunnittelu kartalla Lipun käyttö kielisymbolina CASESSA HUOMIOITAVAT VUOROVAIKUTTEISET ELEMENTIT Käskykontrollit (imperative controls) Valintakontrollit (selection controls) Lisäyskontrollit (entry controls) Esityskontrollit (display controls) CASE ispeak Sovellus pähkinänkuoressa Sovelluksen demografiset lähtökohdat Suunnittelua edeltävät rajaukset Kiistanalainen Eurooppa ja sen rajaus Lista casessa huomioon otetuista valtioista Alueellisen rajauksen perustelut Datan kerääminen ja luotettavuus Luotettavat lähteet Sovelluksen sisältämien kielten rajaukset...255 6 ispeak WEB-SOVELLUKSEN SUUNNITTELU Käyttötilanteen tavoitteet Tekninen suunnittelu Visuaalinen suunnittelu Suunnittelun suurimmat haasteet ERILAISET RATKAISUMALLIT Käyttöliittymä ja toiminnallisuudet Menuvalikot Karttanäkymän zoomaus Värien käyttö ispeakissa Syvyysvaikutelma Kieli ja symboliikka Sovelluksen vuorovaikutteiset elementit Kielten lisääminen Syötetyn datan lajittelu Euroopan yleisen kielitaitotason esittäminen Tilastotietojen hallinta Informatiiviset aputoiminnot Yhteisöllisyys YHTEENVETO...46 LÄHTEET...476 6(47) 1 JOHDANTO Olen ollut aina kiinnostunut kielistä ja matkustelusta. Jossain vaiheessa sainkin idean suunnitella oman web-sovelluksen, joka selvittäisi käyttäjälleen, missä Euroopan maissa tämä omalla kielitaidollaan pärjäisi. ispeak on suunnattu kenelle tahansa Internetiä käyttävälle, joka on kiinnostunut oman kielitaitonsa kantavuudesta; kyseessä ei ole puhtaasti huvi- eikä hyötysovellus, vaan jotakin siltä väliltä. Tavoitteenani oli suunnitella mahdollisimman helppokäyttöinen ja selkeä, realistisia tuloksia esittävä sovellus. Tämä opinnäytetyö keskittyy tarkastelemaan informaatiografiikkaa ja tarkemmin kartografiaa, selainpohjaista web-sovellusta silmällä pitäen. Aihetta tarkastellaan pääosin suunnittelun näkökulmasta ja tarkoituksena onkin käydä läpi erilaisia suunnitteluvaihtoehtoja ja pohtia erilaisia ratkaisumalleja informaation havainnollisempaan visualisointiin. Parissa ensimmäisessä luvussa käsittelen tilastollista informaatiografiikkaa ja kartografiaa. Tämän jälkeen käyn läpi casen kannalta olennaisia informaatiografiikan osa-alueita sekä vuorovaikutteisia elementtejä. Seuraavaksi siirryn itse casen pariin ja esittelen aluksi pääpiirteissään konseptin: käyn läpi siihen liittyneet työvaiheet sekä kohdatut suunnittelulliset ongelmat. Lopulta ryhdyn listaamaan erilaisia ratkaisumalleja, eri osa-alueisiin kytkettyinä ja erittelen myös ne ratkaisumallit, joihin lopulta päädyin. Käyn työssä läpi jonkin verran myös informaation keräämiseen ja luotettavien lähteiden haalimiseen liittyviä asioita, mutta pääpaino pysyy kuitenkin informaation visualisoinnissa sekä käyttäjän ja sovelluksen välisessä vuorovaikutuksessa.7 7(47) 2 MIKÄ IHMEEN INFORMAATIOGRAFIIKKA? Vielä jokin aika sitten visualisoinnilla viitattiin yksilön päänsisäisten mielikuvien rakentamiseen (Ware 1999, 1.), mutta hiljalleen käsite on kuitenkin saanut uuden muodon ja nykyään sillä viitataan datan ja käsitteiden graafiseen esittämiseen. Hyvin tehdyn graafin avulla katsojan on mahdollista hahmottaa suuriakin informaatiomääriä yhdellä silmäyksellä. Kuva 1. Facebookin ja Twitter eroavaisuudet graafin muodossa. (Kuva: ) Informaatiografiikan tehtävä on vaikea, sillä sen tulisi pystyä esittämään oleellinen sisältö ilman turhaa monimutkaisuutta olematta kuitenkaan liian yksinkertainen. (Soellner 2010.) Sen tärkein päämäärä on muuttaa data informaatioksi ja tulla ymmärretyksi; liiallisen yksinkertaisuuden katsotaan puolestaan aliarvioivan katsojaa ja näin ollen estävän käyttökokemuksen kannalta oleellisen ahaa-elämyksen syntymistä.8 8(47) Graafisessa muodossa esitetty data ei kuitenkaan Soellnerin mielestä yksinään riitä täyttämään informaatiografiikan määritelmää, sillä informaatiografiikan tulisi yhdistellä ja erilaistaa myös kahden tai useamman asian tai ilmiön välisiä suhteita. Yksi informaatiografiikan päämääristä on auttaa käyttäjää tekemään parempia päätöksiä mikäli graafin tarkoitus on erilaistaa kahden eri tahon välisiä voimasuhteita, pitäisi sen pystyä esittämään myös omat etunsa suhteessa kilpailijoihin. 2.1 Tilastollinen informaatiografiikka "Graphical excellence begins with telling the truth about the data" Edward Tufte Informaatiota sisältävän grafiikan tärkein tehtävä on pystyä esittämään paljon dataa, yleensä numeroita, pienessä tilassa. Hyvä esimerkki tällaisesta ovat karttagrafiikat, joiden on mahdollista esittää valtavia määriä informaatiota. Edward Tufte (Tufte 2001, 16.) alleviivaakin ainoastaan kuvallisen presentaation pystyvän esittämään niin laajalti tietoa, vieden tilaa kuitenkin suhteellisen vähän. Tilastollisen informaatiografiikan tulisi Tuften (2001, 13.) mielestä olla ennen kaikkea selkeää, täsmällisiä sekä tehokasta. Grafiikan tulee kiinnittää katsojan huomio kattavaan sisältöön, eikä niinkään käytettävään metodiikkaan tai ulkoasuun. Tufte listaa paljon olennaisia asioita "graafisen ylivertaisuuden" saavuttamiseksi: grafiikka ei saa olla miltään osin vääristynyt, vaan sen tulisi onnistua tekemään suurista datamääristä havainnollisia ja paljastaa lopulta tiedon monimuotoisuus erilaisin keinoin niin laajassa kuin pienessä ja yksityiskohtaisemmassakin mittakaavassa.9 9(47) 3 CASESSA HUOMIOITAVAT INFORMAATIOGRAFIIKAN OSA-ALUEET 3.1 Kartografia Kartastot ovat aina kiehtoneet ihmisiä erityisesti keskitetyn tietonsa sekä graafisen kauneutensa ansiosta ja ensimmäisiä karttoja vaalittiin harvinaisuutensa vuoksi lähes aarteiden tavoin. Vaikka kartastot tänä päivänä ovatkin Internetin ansiosta kenen tahansa ulottuvilla, harva siltikään raaskii hävittää karttoja tai kartastojaan, vaikka niiden sisältämä tieto olisi vanhentunuttakin. (Wildbur & Burke 1999, ) Dataa visualisoivien karttojen mielenkiintoinen historia juontaa juurensa 1600-luvulle. Ensimmäiset maantieteelliset kartat syntyivät kuitenkin yli 5000 vuotta aiemmin, joten datakarttojen historiaa voidaan pitää suhteellisen lyhyenä. (Tufte 2001, 20.) Karttojen avulla on mahdollista esittää tietoa monipuolisesti: niiden kautta voidaan havainnollistaa sekä konkreettisia asioita, kuten rantaviivoja että silmälle näkymättömiä, kuten lämpötiloja. (Krygier & Wood 2005, 13.) Kartat ovatkin varsin hyvä keino ajatella ja jäsennellä asioita. Niitä tehtäessä pohditaan, mitä tietoja halutaan tuoda katsojan tietoon ja sitä mukaa karsitaan pois tiettyjä yksityiskohtia, jotta saadaan haluttu tieto esille. (Krygier & Wood 2005, ) Kartan tekijöiden sekä myöhemmin katsojien tulisi tarkastella niitä kriittisesti, sillä myös kartat, kuten mitkä tahansa muutkin ihmisen tekemät tuotokset, voivat erehtyä. (Krygier & Wood 2005, 7.) Graafit niin yleisissä tilastoissa kuin kartoillakin ovat toisinaan sen verran monimutkaisia, että niiden katselija saattaa hämääntyä ja kuvitella tulosten olevan huijausta tai vääristeltyjä. Edward Tufte (2001, 53.) muistuttaakin, että tilastotietoa käytetään joskus myös tahallaan katsojan harhaan johtamiseen, vaikka suurimmalla osalla katsojista onkin kyky nähdä hämäyksen lävitse Yleiset lähtökohdat karttasuunnitteluun Ennen kuin karttaa aletaan edes suunnitella, pitää Krygierin ja Woodin (2005, 17.) mukaan selventää itselleen miksi juuri tällainen kartta halutaan tehdä: Millainen yleisö10 10(47) kartalla on ja kuka sitä tulisi käyttämään? Millaisen asian puolesta kartta puhuu ja mistä sen ylipäänsä tulisi vakuuttaa katsojansa? Kartan lähtökohtien ohella yhtä tärkeää on ottaa myös selville kartoitettava datan määrä ja laatu: millaista dataa kartta vaatii ja kuinka paljon; onko tarvittavaa dataa helppo löytää vai joutuuko sitä peräti keräämään itse? Kun syyt kartan tekemiseen ja lähtökohdat datan keruuseen saadaan selvitettyä, on aika alkaa pohtia teknisempää toteutusta: millä työkaluilla kartta on tarkoitus rakentaa? Tässäkin kohtaa on hyvä pitää mielessä kartan todellinen tavoite ja kohderyhmä, sillä käyttötarkoituksesta riippuen Internetin ilmaistyökalut saattavat soveltua käyttötarkoitukseen joskus jopa paremmin kuin kalliit ja hankalakäyttöiset 1GISpaikkatietojärjestelmät. (Krygier & Wood 2005, 17.) Kun edellä mainitut asiat lopulta ovat selvillä, kannattaa siirtyä pohtimaan suunnitteluprosessia visuaalisemmasta näkökulmasta: kuinka tehdä kartasta helposti käytettävä ja toimiva? Tärkeimpiä huomioitavia seikkoja ovat maantieteellinen rakenne, ulkoasu, visuaaliset hierarkiat, kartan tarvittava yleistys ja luokittelu sekä symboli- ja värisuunnittelu Värien käyttö osana karttasuunnittelua Tietotekniikan kehittyminen ja helposti lähestyttävyys ovat mahdollistaneet värien käytön yleistymisen lisäkustannuksia aiheuttamatta. Vaikka hyvä kartta voi yhtä hyvin olla myös mustavalkoinen, pitävät Krygier ja Wood (2005, ) värisuunnittelua yhtenä olennaisimpana, mutta samalla myös harmillisimpana kartografian osa-alueena. Värisuunnittelu vaatii monien ulkopuolisten ja suunnittelijasta riippumattomien asioiden huomioon ottamista. Värit ovat jatkuvassa vuorovaikutuksessa niitä ympäröivien värien kanssa ja jokainen käyttäjä näkee ja kokee värit hieman eri tavoin eikä vähiten luomiensa symbolisten konnotaatioiden vuoksi. 1 GIS(Geographic Information Systems):llä viitataan on paikkatietojärjestelmään, jonka avulla voidaan tuottaa, tallentaa, hallita, analysoida ja/tai esittää paikkatietoa.11 11(47) Vaikka yleisesti karttasuunnittelussa tulee värien kannalta ottaa huomioon myös CMYK-väriskaala ja sen myötä sekä kohdepaperin että käytettävän tekniikan ominaisuudet, keskityn oman caseni kannalta olennaisempaan, eli tietokoneen näyttöön ja RGB-väreihin. Yksinkertaisesti avattuna tietokoneen näyttö käyttää kolmea eri väriä luodakseen loputtoman väriavaruuden. Nämä kolme väriä ovat punainen (red), vihreä (green) sekä sininen (blue), joista juontaa käytetty lyhenne RGB. Kun kaikki kolme väriä yhdistetään, saadaan kaiken valon heijastava valkoinen, mutta yhdistelemällä värejä asteittain, saadaan luotua miljoonia ja taas miljoonia muita värejä. Suunnittelussa tulee ottaa huomioon värien sävytys: Krygierin ja Woodin (2005, ) mukaan tärkeimpien asioiden esille nostamiseen olisi syytä käyttää puhtaita sävyjä: punaista, vihreää tai sinistä. Murretut värisävyt saattavat aiheuttaa katsojalle hämmennystä käytettynä yhdenvertaisina puhtaisiin sävyihin nähden. Murretut sävyt sopivat puolestaan hyvin esimerkiksi toissijaisten yksityiskohtien huomioimiseen. 3.2 Ikonit, symbolit ja indeksit Erilaisiin merkkeihin liittyvän säännöstön kehitti aikoinaan Yhdysvalloissa C.S. Peirce ja myöhemmin hänen tekemänsä työn kehittämistä jatkoi ranskalainen filosofi Ferdinand de Saussure. Peircen oppi jakaa merkit kolmeen ryhmään: ikoneihin, indekseihin ja symboleihin. (Port 2000.) Merkkien ja symbolien tutkimuksesta sekä niiden kyvystä välittää informaatiota käytetään yleisesti termiä semiotiikka. (Ware 2000, 5.) Peircen mukaan ikoni on merkeistä yksiselitteisin, sillä se muistuttaa konkreettisesti esittämäänsä kohdetta; valokuva on tällöin ikoni ihmisestä, joka kuvassa esiintyy. Ikoni voi olla myös esimerkiksi tietokoneen ohjelmistojen yhteydessä esiintyvä kuva tulostimesta, jolloin se viittaa itse tulostustapahtumaan. Joskus myös sanat voivat olla ikoneita, tai ainakin ikonisia, mikäli ne kuulostavat joltakin todelliselta tapahtumalta. Ikonisia sanoja ovat esimerkiksi koiran haukkumista yleisimmin symboloivat hau ja vuh. (Port 2000.)12 12(47) Indeksi puolestaan viittaa yleisimmin niin ihmisten kuin eläintenkin oppimiin syyseuraussuhteisiin. Indeksi vaatii rinnalleen aina päätelmän sitä mahdollisesti seuraavasta tapahtumasta. Perinteisimpänä esimerkkinä pidetään savua, jonka ymmärretään johtuvan tulesta; savu on näin ollen tulen indeksi. Indeksin tulee olla konkreettisesti aistittavissa nähtävissä, kuultavissa tai esimerkiksi haistettavissa. Puhutussa kielessä tietyllä tapaa lausuttu sana voi olla indeksi, joka antaa viitteen, mistä päin puhuja on kotoisin. (Port 2000.) Symboli lienee termeistä se tutuin, mutta samalla laajin, sillä symboleiksi lasketaan esimerkiksi suurin osa käyttämistämme sanoista. Kun näemme kirjoitetun sanan kissa, tiedämme sen viittaavan oikeaan eläimeen. Useimmiten termiä symboli käytetään kuitenkin merkistä tai kuviosta, joka ei sinällään ole sana. Tässäkin kohtaa symbolin merkitys on opittu. Tunnetuimpia ovat uskonnolliset symbolit, kuten kristinuskoon liitettävä risti tai juutalaisuuteen yhdistyvä Daavidin tähti. (Port 2000.) Symbolisuunnittelu kartalla Millaisen tahansa kartan tekeminen ja kehittäminen edellyttää symbolien käyttöä, sillä ei ole yksinkertaisesti mahdollista esittää pelkistettyä maailmaa asettamatta todellista maailmaa havainnollistavia merkkejä, eli symboleita. (Dent 1999, 16.) Symboli on visuaalinen merkki, joka on systemaattisesti kytköksissä esitettävään dataan. Kaikki kartalla näkyvä on yleensä tavalla tai toisella symboloitua, mikä mahdollistaa oikeastaan millaisen tahansa datan visualisoinnin. (Krygier & Wood 2005, ) Symbolisuunnittelu pitää sisällään paljon erilaisia sääntöjä. (Krygier & Wood 2005, 196.) Joskus karttasymboli suunnitellaan muistuttamaan esittämäänsä asiaa tai kohdetta, kuten lentokenttää kuvastamassa nähdään monesti lentokonetta muistuttava merkki. Toisinaan taas niiden käyttö saattaa erilaistaa esitettävien kohteiden välisiä mittasuhteita. Kartoilla tällaisia ovat monesti paikkakunnat, jotka esitetään eri kokoisilla ympyröillä tai neliöillä, suhteessa paikkakunnan asiakaslukuun pieni pallo kuvastaa pientä paikkakuntaa, isompi pallo suhteessa suurempaa paikkakuntaa.13 13(47) Mielenkiintoisin ryhmä on kuitenkin käytänteiden ja tottumusten kautta vakiintuneet symbolit. Nämä symbolit eivät aina ole järkeenkäypiä: Krygierin ja Woodin mukaan hyvä esimerkki symbolien aiheuttamasta hämmennyksestä on ristien käyttö kartalla. Kristinuskoon yleisimmin liitettävää ristiä käytetään kartalla symboloimaan uskonnollisten rakennusten kuten kirkkojen, synagogien ja moskeijoiden sijaintia. Tämä ei ole poliittisesti kovinkaan korrektia, mutta ihmiset ovat vuosien saatossa tottuneet tulkitsemaan karttasymboleita tietyllä tapaa ja yhtäkkiset muutokset todennäköisesti hämmentäisivät katsojaa Lipun käyttö kielisymbolina Casen symbolisuunnittelun kannalta oleelliseksi nousevat liput ja niiden asema valtiosymboleina tai vaihtoehtoisesti kielisymboleina. Olenkin pohtinut lippujen mahdollista käyttöä sovelluksen yhteydessä ja varmuudella tulen merkitsemään maita tavalla tai toisella lippujen kautta. En ole kuitenkaan varma, onko minun kannattavaa kytkeä lippuja tämän lisäksi suoranaisesti kieliin. Helsinkiläinen tutkija Pasi Asikainen (2001.) pohtii kolumnissaan maita edustavien lippujen ja kielten välisiä kytköksiä sekä niiden käyttöä Internetissä. Suomalaisten, etenkin suomenkielisen väestön kohdalla lipun käyttö kieltä edustamassa tuntuu loogiselta, mutta ongelmia ilmenee heti ruotsinkielisen vähemmistömme kohdalla onhan ruotsi valtiomme toinen virallinen kieli, milloin saattaa monen mielestä tuntua jopa loukkaavalta pakottaa suomalainen ihminen etsimään oma kielensä naapurimaan lipun takaa. Suomen kohdalla tilanne on kuitenkin vielä suhteellisen helppo, jos vertaa vaikkapa maailman englanninkielisiin tai espanjankielisiin valtioihin: espanjan kielen kohdalla erilaisia lippuja yksinään olisi käsittääkseni 20, mikä kuvastaa espanjaa virallisena kielevä puhuvien maiden valtavaa määrää. Espanjan kieltä symboloidessa nähdään useimmiten käytettävän Espanjan lippua, mikä aiheuttaa kuitenkin pahennusta ja ennen kaikkea hämmennystä, sillä ei liene järkevää laskea sen varaan, että jokainen vaikkapa Perun tai Costa Rican kansalainen tietäisi miltä Espanjan lippu ylipäänsä näyttää.14 14(47) Tämän työn kannalta aivan vastaavaa päänvaivaa ei onneksi aiheutunut, sillä esimerkiksi juuri espanjan kielen asema on Euroopassa paljon yksiselitteisempi: se on virallisena kielenä ainoastaan Espanjassa. Toki Espanjassa itsessään puhutaan muitakin kieliä ja jos lähtisin liputtamaan jokaisen kielen erikseen, olisi mielestäni väärin pakottaa katalaania äidinkielenään puhuva käyttäjä valitsemaan kielen kohdalla Espanjan lippu. Kaikista selkein kielisymboli Internetissä olisi Jukka Korpelan (1997.) sekä Pasi Asikaisen (2001.) mukaan kielen oma nimi kohdekielellä, kuten esimerkiksi suomi, svenska tai Deutsch. Tämä varmasti onkin kaikista selkein merkitsemistapa ja todennäköisin vaihtoehto, jota tulen sovelluksessani hyödyntämään.15 15(47) 4 CASESSA HUOMIOITAVAT VUOROVAIKUTTEISET ELEMENTIT Verkkopalveluissa ja sovelluksissa ilmenee väistämättä suuri joukko erilaisia käyttöä helpottavia hallintaelementtejä nämä elementit, eli erilaiset kontrollit muodostavat yhdessä käyttöliittymän. Kontrollit jaetaan Cooperin, Reimannin sekä Croninin (Cooper, Reimann & Cronin 2007, 439.) mukaan neljään pääryhmään, joita ovat käskykontrollit (imperative controls), valintakontrollit (selection controls), lisäyskontrollit (entry controls) sekä esityskontrollit (display controls). 4.1 Käskykontrollit (imperative controls) Käskykontrollit sisältävät nimensä mukaisesti toimintakäskyn, joka kehottaa käyttäjää yksinkertaisesti tekemään jonkin tietyn asian. Samalla tuo imperatiiviin reagoiva painike välittää käyttäjälle lupauksen välittömästä toiminnasta, sillä useimmiten käskykehotus on painikkeen päällä tekstimuodossa. Käskykontrollien alaryhmiä ovat napit (button), navigaation yhteydessä olevat hyperlinkit (hyperlinks) sekä työkalupalkin painikkeet (butcon). Kuva 2. Yksi yleisimmin Internetissä vastaan tulevista käskykontrolleista on hakukoneissa ilmenevä toimintapainike Hae. (Kuva: Sanakirja.org 2010.) Käskykontrolloidut napit erottautuvat tavallisista painikkeista ulkoasultaan, sillä ne ovat monesti 3D-efektillä vahvistettuja. Kirjoittajat (Cooper ym. 2007, ) esittävät nappien olevan kontrolleista niitä visuaalisesti vetoavimpia. Työkalupalkkien painikkeet ovat perinteisesti yhdistelmä nappia ja ikonia ja tällaisia ovat esimerkiksi tekstieditorien diskettikuvalla varustetut tallennuspainikkeet.16 16(47) 4.2 Valintakontrollit (selection controls) Valintakontrollit tarjoavat välittömän toiminnan sijasta erilaisia vaihtoehtoja, joista käyttäjä voi valita mieleisensä toteuttaakseen tehdyn valinnan, se kuitenkin tarvitsee rinnalleen aiemmin esitellyn käskykontrollin. Yleisimpiä valintakontrolleja ovat erilaiset valikot ja listat, valintaruudut (checkbox) sekä radionapit (radio button). Valintakontrollit, erityisesti valintaruudut ovat oikein rakennettuina helppokäyttöisiä, sillä kerran painiketta painettuaan käyttäjä näkee selkeästi valintaruutuun ilmestyvän väkäsen ja oppii samalla kaiken oleellisen kyseisestä toiminnallisuudesta ensimmäisellä klikkauksella valitaan, toisella poistetaan juuri tehty valinta. Valintaruutuja on mahdollista valita samanaikaisesti yhtä monta kuin on itse vaihtoehtojakin. (Cooper ym. 2007, ) Radionappi puolestaan on muut vaihtoehdot poissulkeva valitsin. Radionapit saattavat ulkoasultaan muistuttaa perinteistä valintaruutua, mutta niitä voi valita vain yhden kerrallaan. Radionappi on yleisesti ympyrän mallinen, valintaruutu taas neliö ja selkeyden säilyttämiseksi näistä oletuksista ei ole kirjoittajien (Cooper ym. 2007, ) mukaan syytä poiketa. Kuva 3. Esimerkki valintakontrolleista. (Mac OS X -screenshot).17 17(47) Myös erilaiset listat ja listausvaihtoehdot (lists) ovat yksi valintakontrollien alakategorioista. Listoilta käyttäjän on mahdollista valita yksi tai useampi annetuista vaihtoehdoista: listauskontrolleja ovat esimerkiksi tekstinkäsittelyohjelmistoissa fonttien valitsemista avustavat kontrollit. Listauskontrolleja on mahdollista selkeyttää lisäämällä siihen valintaruututoiminto, jolloin käyttäjän Monitoimivalikot on helpompi (combo pysyä boxes) perillä puolestaan jo tekemistään ovat hyviä valinnoista. esimerkkejä käyttäjäystävällisestä valintakontrollista. Kyseessä on yhdistelmä listaa ja tekstikenttää, jolloin käyttäjä voi halutessaan joko selata vaihtoehtoja tai kirjoittaa etsimänsä vaihtoehdon suoraan tekstikenttään, joko osittain tai kokonaan. 4.3 Lisäyskontrollit (entry controls) Lisäyskontrollit tarjoavat käyttäjälle mahdollisuuden tiedon lisäämiseen. Yleisimmin kyseessä on tekstikenttä, joka mahdollistaa käyttäjän syöttää sovellukseen haluamaansa tietoa. Lisäyskontrolleja on sekä rajoitettuja (bounded) että rajoittamattomia (unbounded). (Cooper ym. 2007, ) Kuva 4. Esimerkki rajoitetuista lisäyskontrolleista. (Mac OS X -screenshot).18 18(47) Rajoitetuissa kontrolleissa käyttäjän on mahdollista valita ainoastaan ennalta määrättyjen arvojen välillä tällaisia ovat esimerkiksi voimakkuudensäädöt, joissa käyttäjän ei ole mahdollista alittaa eikä ylittää raja-arvoja, vaan on mahdollista valita ainoastaan valmiiksi annettujen arvojen väliltä. Rajoittamaton kontrolli puolestaan sallii käyttäjän lisätä mitä tahansa alfanumeerisia arvoja tekstikenttään. Hyvinä esimerkkeinä rajoittamattomasta kontrollista lienevät erilaiset palautelomakkeet, joihin käyttäjä voi kirjoittaa vapaasti. 4.4 Esityskontrollit (display controls) Siinä vaiheessa, kun käyttäjän tulisi pystyä hallitsemaan informaation visualisointia näytöllä, kuvioihin astuvat moninaiset esityskontrollit. (Cooper, ym. 2007, ) Esityskontrolleja ovat esimerkiksi vierityspalkit (scrollbars), vetolaatikot (drawers) ruudukot (grid), viivoittimet (rulers) sekä apuviivat (guidelines). Kaikista yksinkertaisin esityskontrolli lienee kuitenkin ruudulla esitettävä teksti. Kirjoittajat (Cooper ym ) harmittelevat suhteellisen merkittävänä ongelmakohtana tekstikontrollien käyttöä siinä, missä yleisesti tulisi olla muokattava tekstikenttä. Suurin osa tietokoneelle säilötystä informaatiosta on käyttäjän muokattavissa, joten tuntuu oudolta, ettei käyttäjä pääse muokkaamaan sisältöä suoraan esitystilassa. Mitä tulee vierityspalkkiin, on sen merkittävin käyttöliittymän osanen itse palkki, jota vierittämällä käyttäjä pääsee liikkumaan sivustolla. Vierityspalkin tärkein tehtävä on havainnollistaa käyttäjälle missä kohtaa sivustoa ollaan menossa ja kuinka suuri osa on kerrallaan nähtävissä. Vertikaalisia vierityspalkkeja on yleensä sovelluksissa sekä Internetsivustoilla, joissa näytettävä sisältö ei mahdu ruudulle yhdellä kertaa esitettäväksi. Yksi mielenkiintoinen ja monessa yhteydessä varsin hyödyllinen esityskontrolli on vetolaatikko (drawer). Käyttäjällä on oikeus valita vetolaatikon status sen on oltava sekä avattavissa että suljettavissa yhdellä painalluksella ja toiminnallisuutta käskyttävän kytkimen tulisi olla itse vetolaatikon välittömässä läheisyydessä, jotta käyttäjä voi helposti käyttää kyseistä kontrollia. Vetolaatikot ovat hyödyllisimmillään19 19(47) käyttöliittymissä, joissa on lisätoiminnallisuuksia tai -kontrolleja, joiden ei kuitenkaan tarvitse olla koko aikaa näkyvissä. Vetolaatikoiden käyttö siis säästää mahdollisesti muutenkin vähissä olevaa tilaa. Ohessa esimerkkikuva Skypen keskusteluikkunasta, jossa käyttäjän on mahdollista saada vetolaatikon avulla näkyville avoinna olevien keskustelujen määrä sekä keskustelukumppanien status. Vaikka toiminto onkin mielestäni hyödyllinen, olisin itse asettanut vasemmassa kuvassa nuolella osoitetun painikkeen keskusteluikkunan vasempaan laitaan, jolloin se olisi lähempänä avautuvaa vetolaatikkoa ja näin ollen sisältämältään toiminnallisuudelta ilmeisempi. Kuva 5. Vetolaatikko, joka on nappia painamalla avattavissa ja suljettavissa. (Mac OS X -screenshot).20 20(47) 5 CASE ispeak 5.1 Sovellus pähkinänkuoressa Tässä työssä käsiteltävä case on selainpohjaiseksi suunniteltu verkkosovellus, työnimeltään ispeak, jonka tarkoituksena on selvittää käyttäjälle, missä Euroopan maissa hän omalla kielitaidollaan pärjäisi. Käyttäjälle annetaan mahdollisuus valita hallitsemansa kielet ja vielä tarkentaa oman kielitaitonsa arvioitu taso asteikolla yhdestä viiteen (1 5). Tarvittavien tietojen syöttämisen myötä käyttäjän on mahdollista tarkastella saatuja tuloksia kartalle visualisoituna. Sovelluksen tulee esittää käyttäjälle havainnollisesti ja mahdollisimman vaivattomasti missä maissa kyseisiä kieliä puhutaan, millä alueilla ja kuinka merkittävästi. Käyttäjällä on mahdollisuus myös määritellä kartalla samanaikaisesti visualisoitavaa dataa yksittäisen kielen eri asemat huomioon otettuina. 5.2 Sovelluksen demografiset lähtökohdat Sovelluksen keskivertokäyttäjä on henkilö, joka on mistä tahansa syystä kiinnostunut ottamaan selvää oman kielitaitonsa kannattavuudesta Euroopan alueella. Tässä tapauksessa sovellusta sekä sen esittämää informaatiota katsova käyttäjä ei lähtökohtaisesti ole minkään alan asiantuntija. Hän on kuitenkin vähintään englantia taitava, tottunut tietokoneen käyttäjä. Käyttöliittymäsuunnittelussa ja etenkin käyttöä edeltävän ohjeistuksen esittämistä suunnitellessa tulee toki ottaa huomioon myös ne käyttäjät, jotka ovat olleet vähemmän tekemisissä tietotekniikan kanssa. Tärkeimpiä suunnittelullisia huomiokohtia ovat käytetyt symbolit sekä kieliasu: Minkälaista kieltä ja millaisia symboleita käyttäjä ymmärtää? Onko kannattavaa kokeilla innovatiivisempia ratkaisumalleissa? Entä vaihtoehtoja millaiset vai käyttöliittymän pysyä konventionaalisemmissa rakennemallit järjestykset ovat loogisimpia enemmistökäyttäjien mielestä? ja visuaaliset21 21(47) 5.3 Suunnittelua edeltävät rajaukset Pohdin pitkään mille kielelle sovellus tulisi suunnitella. Tämä pohdinta oli aktiivisimpana kohderyhmää määritellessä. Aluksi halusin suunnitella sovelluksen suomeksi, mutta pian ymmärsin, että olisi suorastaan typerää rajata potentiaalinen käyttäjäryhmä niinkin suppeaksi kuin suomen kieltä hallitseviin web-käyttäjiin, jos on mahdollista kosiskella laajempaakin käyttäjäkuntaa. Hieman eurooppalaisten kielitaitoa yleistäen, päädyin lopulta englanninkieliseen sovellukseen. Optimaalisinta olisi tietenkin, että jokainen käyttäjä pystyisi valitsemaan käyttökieleksi oman äidinkielensä. Tässä kohtaa en kuitenkaan näe tuota vaihtoehtoa merkittävän tärkeänä, ja toisaalta kielivaihtoehtoja on mahdollista lisätä sovellukseen jälkikäteen Kiistanalainen Eurooppa ja sen rajaus Euroopan rajaaminen millä tahansa periaatteella on äärimmäisen hankalaa, sillä on olemassa useita eri rajauskriteereitä; voitaisiin kai sanoa, että on olemassa monta erilaista Eurooppaa. En kuitenkaan löytänyt poliittisista, maantieteellisistä, kulttuurisista tai kielellisistäkään rajauksista täysin mieleistäni, joten päädyin rajaamaan omasta mielestäni sovelluksen kannalta sopivimman Euroopan. Suurin rajaus koski tässä tapauksessa itäistä Eurooppaa. Näin ollen idässä Venäjä, Valko-Venäjä, Ukraina, Moldova, Kypros sekä Bosporinsalmen itäpuolella sijaitseva osa Turkkia karsiutuivat kokonaan pois. Eteläinen rajaus ulottui luonnollisesti Afrikkaan. Pohjoisessa ja luoteessa rajauksen ulkopuolelle puolestaan jäivät muun muassa Tanskalle kuuluvat Grönlanti sekä Färsaaret ja Norjalle kuuluvat Huippuvuoret sekä Jan Mayen. Lounaasta karsiutuivat Espanjalle kuuluvat Kanariansaaret sekä Portugalin Azorit. Koska kyseessä minun konseptini ja sovellukseni, siten myös minun Eurooppani. Sovelluksessa esitettävä informaatio ei liene tieteellisesti täysin virheetöntä, joten koin oikeudekseni muokata Eurooppaa, ainakin mitä tuli ensimmäisen toteutettavaksi suunnitellun version kielellisiin sekä alueellisiin rajauksiin. Näytä lisää 1 Minna Haarala TYYLIKKÄÄN JA KÄYTETTÄVYYDELTÄÄN HYVÄN WWW-SIVUSTON SUUNNITTELU JA TOTEUTUS Case Mainoset ja Maigrafi Oy Liiketalouden koulutusohjelma 2004 2 SISÄLTÖ 1 JOHDANTO... 1 1.1 Työn taustaa... Lisätiedot MIKKELIN PALLOILIJOIDEN KOTISIVUJEN KEHITTÄMINEN Viestinnällinen näkökulma Tiina Kettunen MIKKELIN PALLOILIJOIDEN KOTISIVUJEN KEHITTÄMINEN Viestinnällinen näkökulma Opinnäytetyö Tietotekniikan koulutusohjelma Toukokuu 2008 KUVAILULEHTI Opinnäytetyön päivämäärä 5.5.2008 Tekijä(t) Lisätiedot Niko Airio ja Mikko Koski YRITYKSEN WWW-SIVUT NYKYAIKAAN Niko Airio ja Mikko Koski YRITYKSEN WWW-SIVUT NYKYAIKAAN YRITYKSEN WWW-SIVUT NYKYAIKAAN Niko Airio ja Mikko Koski Opinnäytetyö Syksy 2011 Tietojenkäsittelyn koulutusohjelma Oulun seudun ammattikorkeakoulu Lisätiedot Ohjelmistojen lokalisointi ja kansainvälistäminen Ohjelmistojen lokalisointi ja kansainvälistäminen Matti Riikonen 24.8.2006 Joensuun yliopisto Tietojenkäsittelytiede Pro gradu -tutkielma Tiivistelmä Tämän tutkielman aiheena on kansainvälisen ohjelmiston Lisätiedot Käyttäjäystävällinen sisällönhallintajärjestelmä ja nykyaikaiset kotisivut Sami Assasi Käyttäjäystävällinen sisällönhallintajärjestelmä ja nykyaikaiset kotisivut Case: Vaasa Wolves Rugby Club Tietojenkäsittely 2014 VAASAN AMMATTIKORKEAKOULU Tietojenkäsittely TIIVISTELMÄ Tekijä Lisätiedot SOSIAALISEN MEDIAN KÄYTTÖ SUOMEN TEATTERIT RY:N JÄSENTEATTEREISSA Sara Häkkinen SOSIAALISEN MEDIAN KÄYTTÖ SUOMEN TEATTERIT RY:N JÄSENTEATTEREISSA Opinnäytetyö Kulttuurituotannon koulutusohjelma Huhtikuu 2015 KUVAILULEHTI Opinnäytetyön päivämäärä 31.3.2015 Tekijä(t) Sara Lisätiedot Laurea-ammattikorkeakoulu Laurea-ammattikorkeakoulu Kerava Metropolian kirjaston verkkopalvelujen käytettävyyden arviointi ja sosiaalinen media kirjaston viestinnässä Päivi Ylitalo-Kallio Käyttäjäkeskeisen suunnittelun erikoistumisopinnot Lisätiedot HAKUKONEOPTIMOINTI. Ulkoinen sekä sisäinen optimointi sekä tärkeimmät toimenpiteet näkyvyyden parantamiseksi. Opinnäytetyö (AMK) Timo Harju Jarkko Antintupa Open Source -pohjaisten verkkokauppasovellusten vertailu Liiketalous ja matkailu 2010 VAASAN AMMATTIKORKEAKOULU Tietojenkäsittely TIIVISTELMÄ Tekijä Timo Harju, Jarkko Antintupa Lisätiedot Verkkokaupan suunnittelu. Ilkka Kuusisto Verkkokaupan suunnittelu Ilkka Kuusisto Opinnäytetyö Tietojenkäsittelyn koulutusohjelma 2014 Tiivistelmä 5.5.2014 Tietojenkäsittelyn koulutusohjelma Tekijä Ilkka Kuusisto Raportin nimi Verkkokaupan suunnittelu Lisätiedot MGM-MEDIA.NET Vaihtoehtoisen musiikkijournalismin verkkojournalismiprojekti MGM-MEDIA.NET Vaihtoehtoisen musiikkijournalismin verkkojournalismiprojekti Juho Niemelä Opinnäytetyö, syksy 2006 Diakonia-ammattikorkeakoulu, Turun yksikkö Viestinnän koulutusohjelma Medianomi (AMK) TIIVISTELMÄ Lisätiedot TIPTOP-käyttöliittymästandardi Versio Päiväys Tekijä Hyväksyjä Muutos TIPTOP-käyttöliittymästandardi Versio Päiväys Tekijä Hyväksyjä Muutos 1.0 28.11.2012 Käyttöliittymätiimi Projektiryhmä Hyväksytty standardi 1 Sisältö 1 TIPTOP-käyttöliittymästandardi 1.1 Tausta 1.2 Standardin Lisätiedot Verkkosivujen suunnittelu meksikolaiselle ravintolalle Verkkosivujen suunnittelu meksikolaiselle ravintolalle Sini Hakkarainen & Henna Koljonen 2012 Laurea Leppävaara Laurea-ammattikorkeakoulu Laurea Leppävaara Verkkosivujen suunnittelu meksikolaiselle ravintolalle Lisätiedot Markus Pappila & Tuomas Tikkanen. HAKUKONEOPTIMOINTI Case Evelace Boutique Markus Pappila & Tuomas Tikkanen HAKUKONEOPTIMOINTI Case Evelace Boutique HAKUKONEOPTIMOINTI Case Evelace Boutique Markus Pappila & Tuomas Tikkanen Opinnäytetyö Kevät 2015 Tietojenkäsittely Oulun ammattikorkeakoulu Lisätiedot KYLPYHUONETARVIKKEIDEN VERKKOKAUPAN SUUNNITTELU Opinnäytetyö AMK Liiketalouden koulutusohjelma Sähköisen kaupan kv-osaaja 2013 Piia Nira KYLPYHUONETARVIKKEIDEN VERKKOKAUPAN SUUNNITTELU case: Oy Nordic SPA Ltd OPINNÄYTETYÖ (AMK) TIIVISTELMÄ TURUN AMMATTIKORKEAKOULU Lisätiedot LÄHTÖKOHTIA YRITYKSEN WWW-SIVUJEN SUUNNITTELUUN Riitta Marjusaari LÄHTÖKOHTIA YRITYKSEN WWW-SIVUJEN SUUNNITTELUUN Oulun seudun kuvallisen viestinnän alan toimijat verkossa LÄHTÖKOHTIA YRITYKSEN WWW-SIVUJEN SUUNNITTELUUN Oulun seudun kuvallisen viestinnän Lisätiedot MIKKO HAAPANEN SELAINKÄYTTÖLIITTYMÄ PALAUTTEENKERÄYSJÄRJES- TELMÄLLE MIKKO HAAPANEN SELAINKÄYTTÖLIITTYMÄ PALAUTTEENKERÄYSJÄRJES- TELMÄLLE Diplomityö Tarkastaja: professori Seppo Kuikka Tarkastaja ja aihe hyväksytty Teknisten tieteiden tiedekuntaneuvoston kokouksessa 13.8.2014 Lisätiedot URHEILUSEURAN TUNNUKSEN JA KOTISIVUJEN SUUNNITTELU Pyry Rautalin URHEILUSEURAN TUNNUKSEN JA KOTISIVUJEN SUUNNITTELU Esimerkkinä Säihkysääret ry Opinnäytetyö CENTRIA AMMATTIKORKEAKOULU Mediatekniikan koulutusohjelma Toukokuu 2015 TIIVISTELMÄ OPINNÄYTETYÖSTÄ Lisätiedot Internet-markkinointisuunnitelma Internet-markkinointisuunnitelma Case: PIEneering Oy LAHDEN AMMATTIKORKEAKOULU Liiketalouden koulutusohjelma Markkinointi Opinnäytetyö Valmistumisaika kevät 2011 Meeri Sippo Lahden ammattikorkeakoulu Koulutusohjelma Lisätiedot OLAVI OIKARISEN KOTISIVUT Tomi Tervonen OLAVI OIKARISEN KOTISIVUT Ollin Karaoke OLAVI OIKARISEN KOTISIVUT Ollin Karaoke Tomi Tervonen Opinnäytetyö Syksy 2014 Tietojenkäsittelyn koulutusohjelma Oulun ammattikorkeakoulu TIIVISTELMÄ Lisätiedot LAPPEENRANNAN TEKNILLINEN YLIOPISTO Tietotekniikan osasto TIETOJÄRJESTELMÄN KEHITTÄMINEN MARKKINAEHTOISTEN SÄHKÖSOPIMUSTEN HALLINTAAN LAPPEENRANNAN TEKNILLINEN YLIOPISTO Tietotekniikan osasto DIPLOMITYÖ TIETOJÄRJESTELMÄN KEHITTÄMINEN MARKKINAEHTOISTEN SÄHKÖSOPIMUSTEN HALLINTAAN Lappeenrannassa 23. toukokuuta 2007 Antti Reinikka Konstunkaari Lisätiedot PAUKKULAN VERKKOMARKKINOINNIN OHJEISTO Atte Ahapainen PAUKKULAN VERKKOMARKKINOINNIN OHJEISTO Opinnäytetyö Liiketalous Joulukuu 2013 KUVAILULEHTI Opinnäytetyön päivämäärä 9.12.2013 Tekijä(t) Atte Ahapainen Koulutusohjelma ja suuntautuminen Liiketalouden Lisätiedot Menestyksekkään projektijohtamisen edellytykset ICTprojekteissa. Tommi Kaipainen Menestyksekkään projektijohtamisen edellytykset ICTprojekteissa Tommi Kaipainen Opinnäytetyö Tietojenkäsittelyn koulutusohjelma 2012 Tiivistelmä Koulutusohjelma Raportin palautuksen tai esityksen päivämäärä Lisätiedot WEB 2.0 PALVELUT JA NIIDEN HYÖDYNTÄMINEN YRITYSTOIMINNASSA WEB 2.0 PALVELUT JA NIIDEN HYÖDYNTÄMINEN YRITYSTOIMINNASSA Case: Lahden hiihtomuseo LAHDEN AMMATTIKORKEAKOULU Tietojenkäsittelyn koulutusohjelma Yritysviestintäjärjestelmät Opinnäytetyö Kevät 2009 Tuukka Lisätiedot HAKUKONEOPTIMOINTI KEINONA PARANTAA YRITYKSEN NÄKYVYYTTÄ Opinnäytetyö (AMK) Tietotekniikka Multimedia- ja DVD-tekniikka 2011 Maria Koivu HAKUKONEOPTIMOINTI KEINONA PARANTAA YRITYKSEN NÄKYVYYTTÄ OPINNÄYTETYÖ (AMK) TIIVISTELMÄ TURUN AMMATTIKORKEAKOULU Tietotekniikan Lisätiedot Tapaustutkimus: Miten käyttäjälähtöisyys ja Universal Design on otettu huomioon suunnitellessa käyttöliittymää kuntoharjoituslaitteisiin? Tapaustutkimus: Miten käyttäjälähtöisyys ja Universal Design on otettu huomioon suunnitellessa käyttöliittymää kuntoharjoituslaitteisiin? Lapin yliopisto Taiteiden tiedekunta Teollinen muotoilu Syksy 2013 Lisätiedot Kulttuurin huomioiminen käytettävyyssuunnittelussa Kulttuurin huomioiminen käytettävyyssuunnittelussa Minna Kamppuri 13.9.2002 Joensuun yliopisto Tietojenkäsittelytiede Pro gradu -tutkielma Tiivistelmä Ohjelmistotuotteen käytettävyys perustuu ihmisten Lisätiedot INTERNET-SIVUT MARKKINOINTIVIESTINNÄSSÄ RESSIVEXIN WWW-SIVUJEN SUUNNITTELU JA TOTEUTUS Terhi Tuomi ja Erika Virtanen INTERNET-SIVUT MARKKINOINTIVIESTINNÄSSÄ RESSIVEXIN WWW-SIVUJEN SUUNNITTELU JA TOTEUTUS Opinnäytetyö Matkailun koulutusohjelma Toukokuu 2009 KUVAILULEHTI Opinnäytetyön päivämäärä Lisätiedot KYMENLAAKSON AMMATTIKORKEAKOULU Viestinnän koulutusohjelma / verkkomedia. Henna-Riikka Soininen ANIMOITU 3D-VALIKKO INTERNETSIVUILLA KYMENLAAKSON AMMATTIKORKEAKOULU Viestinnän koulutusohjelma / verkkomedia Henna-Riikka Soininen ANIMOITU 3D-VALIKKO INTERNETSIVUILLA Opinnäytetyö 2010 TIIVISTELMÄ KYMENLAAKSON AMMATTIKORKEAKOULU Viestintä Lisätiedot Helsingin yliopiston web-sivuston käyttöliittymän ongelmat ja sivuston kehittäminen Helsingin yliopiston web-sivuston käyttöliittymän ongelmat ja sivuston kehittäminen Ilkka Rinne Helsinki 18. elokuuta 2003 Pro gradu tutkielma HELSINGIN YLIOPISTO Tietojenkäsittelytieteen laitos Helsingin Lisätiedot 2016 © DocPlayer.fi Yksityisyyskäytäntö \| Palveluehdot \| Palaute
fr	wikipedia	N/A	Walter Ray Allen dit Ray Allen, né le , est un joueur américain de basket-ball ayant évolué au poste d'arrière en NBA pendant 18 saisons. Il est considéré comme l'un des meilleurs tireurs à trois points de l'histoire de la NBA. Ray Allen commence sa carrière de joueur de basket-ball très jeune. Après un parcours universitaire remarqué pour les Huskies du Connecticut, il est drafté (choisi) en cinquième position en 1996 par les Timberwolves du Minnesota. Allen est rapidement échangé contre Stephon Marbury et rejoint la franchise des Bucks de Milwaukee. De rookie (recrue), Ray s'impose dans l'équipe et est un membre important de l'équipe lorsqu'il est échangé six saisons après son arrivée dans la NBA aux SuperSonics de Seattle. Il est la star de la franchise de Seattle et y reste quatre années. Transféré aux Celtics de Boston, Ray Allen devient champion avec la franchise en 2008. Il gagne un nouveau titre en 2013 en tant que joueur du Heat de Miami. Champion olympique avec les États-Unis lors des Jeux olympiques d'été de 2000, Allen est sélectionné neuf fois aux NBA All-Star Game (match des étoiles de la NBA) entre 2000 et 2009 ainsi qu'en 2011. Il est l'un des meilleurs marqueurs de l'histoire de la NBA avec plus de points et détient de nombreux records dans la catégorie des paniers à trois points. Ray Allen détient de 2011 à 2021 le record NBA du joueur qui a inscrit le plus grand nombre de paniers à trois points dans l'histoire de la NBA. Ray Allen est également apparu dans deux films, He Got Game de Spike Lee sorti en 1998 et Harvard Story en 2001. Biographie Jeunesse Walter Ray Allen est né le à Merced en Californie. Il est le troisième des cinq enfants de Flora et Walter, tous deux militaires sur la base de la Castle Air Force à Merced. La profession des parents de Ray les oblige à déménager régulièrement. Alors qu'il est jeune, son père est envoyé à Bentwaters en Angleterre sur la base aérienne américaine. La famille suit et vit alors dans une communauté américaine à Saxmundum entre 1982 et 1985. Ray Allen commence à pratiquer certains sports et, s'il n'est pas meilleur que tous les autres, il montre qu'il est un bon athlète. Allen est également un bon joueur de football et de baseball. Alors qu'il a 10 ans, la famille retourne en Californie sur la Edwards Air Force Base. Il commence alors le basket-ball et montre dès ses premiers matchs des capacités à évoluer à un bon niveau. Il se montre également doué dans ses études. Les capacités du jeune Allen s'améliorent au contact de Phil Pleasant qui entraîne les jeunes du quartier. Il décèle chez le joueur de 12 ans un certain talent et réalise des séances particulières avec Ray pour lui apprendre les fondamentaux, et le fait nettement progresser dans son shoot extérieur qui paradoxalement était loin d'être son atout majeur au début. Ray Allen progresse rapidement en analysant ses forces et ses faiblesses. Il joue alors avec les adultes. Carrière de joueur de basket Carrière universitaire À la fin de son Grade, Ray Allen mesure . Il a alors 15 ans et passe dans l'université dans la South Carolina's Hillcrest High School, où il marque en moyenne 18 points pour l'entraîneur de l'équipe James Smith. Il s'entraîne alors quotidiennement. Deux années plus tard, il devient l'une des stars du club avec un excellent jeu sur tout le terrain. Il est le leader de l'équipe de par son assurance et son intelligence. Il mène l'équipe à la victoire en championnat d'État. À l'automne 1993, alors que Ray Allen termine sa dernière saison junior, sa petite amie Rosalind Ramsey lui annonce qu'elle est enceinte. Pour faire vivre sa famille, Allen doit obtenir une bourse universitaire. Meilleur joueur il est, plus les possibilités d'universités seront nombreuses. Il a également la possibilité de jouer en professionnel mais voit cela comme un objectif à long terme. Ray Allen effectue sa carrière universitaire avec les Huskies du Connecticut de l'université du Connecticut. Il est désigné joueur universitaire de l’année en 1995. Il est ensuite élu par les entraîneurs meilleur joueur de l'année de la Big East Conference lors de sa dernière saison universitaire avec les Huskies. Ray Allen bat le record de tirs primés à Connecticut avec 115 tirs à trois points réussis en une saison lors de la saison 1995-1996. Pendant ses trois saisons dans le Connecticut, il inscrit points et devient le troisième meilleur marqueur de tous les temps de l'équipe. Débuts en NBA Draft Alors qu'on lui demande de faire une année senior de plus au Connecticut, Ray Allen préfère entrer dans la Draft 1996 de la NBA. Il fait alors des essais avec plusieurs équipes NBA dont les Bucks de Milwaukee. Il effectue sa meilleure session d'entraînement avec les Raptors de Toronto. Ray Allen est sélectionné en cinquième position lors de la Draft 1996 de la NBA par les Timberwolves du Minnesota. Cette draft est considérée comme l'une des meilleures de l'histoire de la NBA. En effet, Allen Iverson (premier de la draft 1996), Kobe Bryant (treizième) et Steve Nash (quinzième), tous trois futurs MVP, figurent dans les joueurs sélectionnées au premier tour. Dans la foulée de cette draft, les Timberwolves du Minnesota et les Bucks de Milwaukee échangent Ray Allen et un tour d'une future draft contre Stephon Marbury, drafté en quatrième position par les Bucks. Premières saisons avec les Bucks Lors de la saison 1996-1997, sa première en NBA, Ray Allen joue pour les Bucks de Milwaukee. Il obtient du temps de jeu dans l'une des franchises les plus faibles de la NBA. Dès le premier match de la saison, sur le parquet des Sixers, il est dans le cinq majeur et inscrit cinq points en moins d'une minute lors du premier quart-temps, puis treize au total. Ses débuts en NBA sont bons : les Bucks remportent cinq de leurs six premiers matchs. Vin Baker est le marqueur de l'équipe, mais Allen est régulièrement à plus de 10 points. Deux mois plus tard, le bilan devient négatif et le reste jusqu'à la fin de la saison, à la suite notamment d'une série de neuf défaites consécutives entre la fin du mois de février et le début du mois de . Ses performances sont remarquées, avec 13,4 points, 4 rebonds et 2,6 passes décisives par match en moyenne, il est l'une des toutes meilleures recrues de la saison. Allen est le troisième meilleur marqueur de points de son équipe. Ray inscrit le plus grand nombre de points lors de sa première saison NBA contre Phoenix où il inscrit 32 points le . Il est nommé dans la All-NBA Rookie Second Team tout comme Kobe Bryant, bien que les Bucks terminent avec un bilan négatif de 33 victoires pour 49 défaites. Il participe au Slam Dunk Contest et est le premier joueur de Milwaukee à y participer depuis Paul Pressey en 1986. Il progresse rapidement, passant de 13,4 points dans sa saison rookie à 19,5 points lors de sa deuxième saison NBA. Il la commence d'ailleurs de belle manière avec 29 points le , lors d'une victoire 103-88 contre les 76ers de Philadelphie. Il inscrit 23 points et réalise cinq interceptions, son record, le . Dix jours plus tard, il bat son record avec 35 points, grâce à 11 tirs réussis sur 16 tentatives dont 5 sur 6 à trois points plus un 100 % sur ses 8 lancers francs, lors d'un succès 98-78 contre les Knicks de New York. Le , il réussit sept paniers à trois points sur huit tentatives contre les Bulls de Chicago. Au mois de février, il élève son niveau de jeu et marque régulièrement plus de 20 points, devenant le meilleur marqueur de son équipe. Ray Allen marque 33 points lors d'une victoire 118-108 contre Rockets de Houston le . Il inscrit 25 points avec 8 passes décisives et 6 rebonds contre les Pistons de Détroit le . Le lendemain, Allen réalise sa performance la plus impressionnante en NBA avec 40 points dont 6 trois points sur 10, à laquelle il ajoute 10 rebonds lors d'une rencontre contre Timberwolves du Minnesota. En 1999, il est l'un des artisans de la progression des Bucks jusqu'aux séries. L'équipe, qui a terminé de la saison régulière, est éliminée dès le premier tour par les Pacers d'Indiana après trois défaites de la franchise sans la moindre victoire. Entraîné par George Karl, il travaille avec Dell Curry et inscrit 17,1 points par match en moyenne. Confirmation internationale et finale de conférence Jeux olympiques 2000 En 2000, Ray Allen est sélectionné par Rudy Tomjanovich pour disputer le tournoi de basket des Jeux olympiques d'été de 2000 avec l'équipe américaine. L'équipe compte des joueurs comme Vince Carter, Gary Payton, Jason Kidd, Alonzo Mourning et Kevin Garnett dans ses rangs. Dès la première rencontre du tournoi, Ray Allen fait une grande performance avec 21 points contre la Chine, participant à la large victoire 119 à 72. Après les cinq matchs de poule, les États-Unis terminent premiers du groupe A et se qualifient pour les quarts de finale. Allen participe à la victoire sur la France en finale avec 13 points en 16 minutes et il remporte la médaille d'or aux Jeux olympiques de Sydney. Il participe aux huit matchs du tournoi, tous remportés. Il est deux fois dans le cinq de départ de l'équipe américaine. Finale de conférence et dernières saisons avec Milwaukee Ray Allen reste au-dessus des 20 points de moyenne lors de ses deux dernières saisons avec les Bucks de Milwaukee, devenant un joueur cadre de la franchise du Wisconsin. Lors de la saison NBA 2000-2001, Ray Allen est le cocapitaine de l'équipe. Ray Allen est alors l'un des membres du Big Three de Milwaukee, composé cette année-là avec Glenn Robinson et Sam Cassell. Il est absent du au et manque sept rencontres après une tendinite au genou gauche. Cette blessure met fin à une série de 400 matchs consécutifs. Allen revient ensuite dans le cinq majeur. Il est nommé deux fois joueur de la semaine de la conférence Est de NBA début novembre et début janvier. Il est nommé pour la troisième fois au NBA All-Star Game le . Au All-Star Game 2001, il remporte le concours de tirs à trois points avec 19 points lors du dernier tour devant Predrag Stojaković et Dirk Nowitzki grâce notamment à dix tirs de suite réussis. Il participe ensuite au match All-Star entre l'Est et l'Ouest en tant que remplaçant. Il inscrit 15 points lors de ce match et 5 passes décisives pour l'équipe de la conférence Est. Ray Allen remporte cette année-là le All-Star Game avec l'Est sur le score de 111 à 110. Le , il réussit le premier triple-double de sa carrière avec 20 points, 11 passes et 10 rebonds. Ray Allen manque six autres rencontres à cause de sa blessure au genou gauche lors de la dernière semaine de mars. Le , il bat son record de points en carrière avec 47 points contre Charlotte, le deuxième meilleur score pour un joueur de Milwaukee après les 50 points de Kareem Abdul-Jabbar le . Il bat le record de la franchise de paniers à trois points dans un match avec un 10 sur 14. En 2001, les Bucks perdent la finale de conférence au septième match contre l'équipe de Philadelphie d'Allen Iverson. Pourtant, Allen réussit neuf paniers à trois points le lors de cette série. Au cours des sept matchs des finales de conférence, Ray Allen affiche les statistiques suivantes : 27,1 points dont 51 % à 3 points et 97 % au lancer franc, 3,3 rebonds et 5,4 passes de moyenne. Départ tendu Les relations avec son entraîneur George Karl sont de plus en plus tendues depuis deux saisons. Ray Allen voit Karl comme un tyran alors que l'entraîneur dit de son joueur qu'il est fragile et peu résistant dans le dernier quart temps. George Karl évoque même le problème dans les médias, auquel Allen répond qu'il est payé pour marquer, pas pour défendre. Karl lui répond qu'il est d'abord payé pour gagner et qu'il a des responsabilités pour l'équipe. Dans ce climat tendu, Ray Allen est poussé vers la sortie. L'entraîneur pense que le sixième homme, Michael Redd, a les capacités de prendre sa place dans le cinq de départ de la franchise. Les dirigeants annoncent cependant qu'ils ne laisseront partir à aucun prix leur arrière vedette. Mais ils finissent par changer d'avis, et Ray Allen est envoyé quelques jours plus tard dans l'État de Washington, aux SuperSonics de Seattle en échange de Gary Payton, Desmond Mason, et de deux seconds tours de draft. Seattle Progression jusqu'en demi-finale de conférence Lors de la saison 2003-2004, il manque les 25 premières rencontres de la saison à cause d'une opération à la cheville droite effectuée le novembre. Pour son retour, il permet à la franchise de Seattle d'améliorer son bilan qui est alors de 12 victoires pour 13 défaites. À la fin du mois de , il inscrit 24 points en seulement 23 minutes de jeu pour un succès 116-90 de son équipe contre les Suns de Phoenix. Début , il permet à son équipe de remporter un match contre Portland après qu'elle a été menée de 23 points. Ray Allen inscrit 42 points au cours de la partie dont 20 dans le dernier quart temps de la rencontre. Seattle l'emporte ensuite 119-108 après prolongation. Il est déjà cinq fois All Star et, pendant la saison 2004-2005 sous les ordres de Nate McMillan, Ray Allen réalise une superbe saison. Lors de la saison régulière, Seattle enchaîne des séries de victoires, surprenant observateurs et adversaires. Rashard Lewis est devenu l'un des meilleurs marqueurs de la franchise mais ne rattrape pas Allen. Malgré une nouvelle douleur à la cheville droite en mars, Ray Allen enchaîne les performances au-delà des 30 points. Après avoir battu son record de la saison contre les Spurs avec 39 points, il en inscrit 32 contre Minnesota, participant à la victoire 98-88. Le premier tour des playoffs est remporté par Seattle aux dépens de la franchise de Sacramento. Cette victoire en cinq rencontres est la première de Seattle en playoffs depuis 1998. Lors de cette série, Ray Allen marque en moyenne 32,4 points par rencontre avec un taux de réussite à 45,2 % aux tirs derrière la ligne des trois points. Allen inscrit son plus grand score lors de la quatrième rencontre de la série où il totalise 45 points. Il porte Seattle en demi-finale de conférence, mais dès le premier match de la série, Radmanovic se blesse et Allen est incertain. Malgré 25 points de Ray Allen dans le dernier match de la série, Seattle est finalement battu 4 victoires à 2 par les Spurs de San Antonio de Tony Parker et Tim Duncan, futurs champions NBA. Performances individuelles et départ Après son excellente saison pour Seattle jusqu'en demi-finale de conférence, Ray Allen est à la dernière année de son contrat et sur le point de devenir un agent libre. De nombreuses franchises de NBA se déclarent intéressées par le recrutement de joueurs comme Cleveland, Atlanta, Chicago et les Clippers de Los Angeles. Pourtant, Allen décide de rester à Seattle et signe en l'un des plus gros contrats de l'histoire de la NBA pour 85 millions de dollars sur cinq ans avec la franchise. Lors de la saison 2005-2006, il bat le nombre de paniers à trois points en une saison en inscrivant 269 paniers. Lors de la saison 2006-2007, Ray Allen reste un joueur cadre de la franchise, le meilleur marqueur de points même sur le début de la saison. Le , il manque une rencontre contre Denver pour assister à la naissance de son fils. Quelques jours plus tard, le , Allen inscrit 39 points lors d'une rencontre contre Golden State Le , il inscrit 54 points lors d'une victoire après prolongation contre Utah, le record de sa carrière. Il se blesse à la cheville gauche au début du mois de février, mais continue de jouer tous les matchs de son équipe avec la douleur. Allen participe cependant au All-Star Game 2007 après avoir été appelé avec Mehmet Okur pour remplacer Allen Iverson et Steve Nash. Allen est finalement contraint de commencer sur le banc une rencontre contre les Clippers de Los Angeles le mars. Après la rencontre, il envisage une opération de la cheville après la saison, mais c'est finalement avant la fin de la saison que cela devient nécessaire. Après son départ de Seattle lors de l'année 2007, Ray reste attaché à la ville. En 2008, la franchise est délocalisée par son propriétaire vers Oklahoma City. Allen organisera un match de charité pour que la ville de Seattle retrouve une franchise en NBA. Celtics de Boston Arrivée et débuts à Boston Ray Allen dénonce le rachat de l'équipe qui devient le Thunder d'Oklahoma City. Il préfère partir pour une autre franchise plus compétitive. De plus, l'arrivée dans la franchise du joueur de 18 ans Kevin Durant, tout juste drafté en deuxième position du premier tour de la draft 2007 et évoluant au poste d'Allen, le pousse vers la sortie. Le , le jour de la draft 2007, il est envoyé aux Celtics de Boston en compagnie du choix de draft Glen Davis en échange de Delonte West, Wally Szczerbiak et de Jeff Green fraîchement drafté en . Le contrat de Ray Allen est alors d'une valeur de 51 millions de dollars. À la suite de ce transfert, Ray Allen est contraint de changer de numéro de maillot car le numéro 34 que porte Allen à Seattle est utilisé par Paul Pierce à Boston depuis quelques années. Ray Allen choisit le numéro 20. Accompagné de Kevin Garnett, nouvelle recrue lui-aussi, Allen se joint à Paul Pierce, fidèle au club depuis son draft en 1998. Ils composent le « Big three ». La première saison de Ray Allen à Boston est très bonne. La franchise remporte 66 rencontres et concède 16 défaites soit un pourcentage de victoire de 80,5 % pendant la saison régulière. Ce bilan constitue une augmentation de 42 victoires par rapport à la saison précédente, le record de progression d'une saison à l'autre dans l'histoire de la NBA. Il est convié au NBA All-Star Game 2008 par David Stern avec le forfait sur blessure de Caron Butler. Allen se blesse au talon gauche en mars lors du premier quart-temps d'un match contre Utah et rate plusieurs rencontres à la suite de cette blessure. Champion NBA Lors du premier tour des playoffs NBA 2008, les Celtics de Boston affrontent les Hawks d'Atlanta, huitième de la conférence Est lors de la saison régulière. Boston remporte la série 4 à 3 avec quatre victoires à domicile, au TD Banknorth Garden de Boston, et perd ses trois matchs à l'extérieur. La demi-finale de conférence des playoffs commence très mal pour Ray Allen qui n'inscrit aucun point en 37 minutes de jeu, sa pire performance depuis 1997, dans le premier match opposant les Celtics de Boston aux Cavaliers de Cleveland emmenés par LeBron James. Boston remporte tout de même le match. Grâce à sa première place en saison régulière, Boston a une nouvelle fois l'avantage de jouer le septième match de la demi-finale de conférence Est au Garden. Boston gagne l'ultime rencontre 97 à 92 notamment grâce aux 41 points de Paul Pierce et domine la série par quatre victoires à trois. Ray Allen est alors discret, en délicatesse avec son shoot. En finale de conférence, les Celtics de Boston se qualifient pour la finale NBA 2008 en battant les Pistons de Détroit par quatre victoires à deux. Pourtant, Détroit est venu battre la franchise de l'Est à Boston, mettant fin à l'invincibilité de l'équipe entraînée par Doc Rivers à domicile. Ray Allen étant l'un des principaux acteurs de ces victoires avec un shoot retrouvé notamment dans le match 5 où il inscrit 29 points. La finale de la saison NBA 2007-2008 se dispute entre les Celtics de Boston et les Lakers de Los Angeles. Ces derniers comptent dans leur rang Kobe Bryant et Pau Gasol. Bien aidé par un retour incroyable sur le terrain de Paul Pierce lors du premier match de la série, Boston mène la série. Après le troisième match, le score est de deux victoires à une à l'avantage des Celtics. La quatrième rencontre de la finale se révèle déterminante. L'équipe dirigée par Doc Rivers se retrouve rapidement menée 26 à 7 à l'extérieur, au Staples Center. Ray Allen inscrit alors un panier à trois points mais Boston reste mené 35 à 14 à la fin du premier quart temps. Les Celtics sont même menés de 24 points dans le deuxième quart temps qu'ils finissent par remporter 26-23. Le score est alors de 58-40 en faveur des Lakers. Le troisième quart temps est totalement à l'avantage de Boston, le Big Three ramène la franchise de l'Est à deux points des locaux avant le dernier quart temps. Allen réussit un double pas décisif à 16 secondes de la fin de la partie et les Celtics l'emportent sur le score de 96 à 91. L'arrière de Boston termine la partie avec la meilleure performance de son équipe avec 19 points, neuf rebonds, deux passes décisives, trois interceptions et un contre. Boston mène alors la série par trois victoires à une. Avant le cinquième match de la série, Ray Allen apprend que son fils est atteint de diabète de type 1. Lors du dernier match de la finale NBA 2008, Ray Allen inscrit 26 points avec sept tentatives à trois points réussies sur neuf. Le « Big three » permet au club des Celtics de remporter son NBA. Ray Allen remporte dès sa première saison avec Boston sa première bague de champion NBA. Nouvelle finale NBA La saison suivante, la franchise des Celtics de Boston termine deuxième de la conférence Est derrière celle des Cavaliers de Cleveland et se qualifie pour les playoffs. Lors du premier tour des playoffs 2009, Boston est opposée aux Bulls de Chicago qui a terminé septième de la conférence Est. Lors du sixième match de la série, Allen réalise l'une des meilleures performances de sa carrière en inscrivant 51 points de son équipe malgré la défaite 128-127 après triple prolongation. Chicago égalise alors à 3-3 dans la série. Boston s'impose finalement après le match 7 remporté 109-99 avec 23 points de Ray Allen, de nouveau meilleur marqueur de points de son équipe lors de ce succès. La franchise perd au tour suivant contre le Magic d'Orlando 4 victoires à 3. Ray Allen participe pour la neuvième fois consécutivement au All-Star Game en 2009. Non annoncé sur les feuilles de match de départ, il participe pour la troisième fois de suite grâce à des blessures de joueurs annoncés, cette fois-ci à la suite de la blessure de Jameer Nelson. Sorti du banc, Ray Allen inscrit 28 points avec cinq tirs à trois points. LeBron James est désigné MVP même si Allen termine meilleur marqueur du match. Ray Allen n'est pas désigné par les spectateurs comme remplaçant du All-Star Game 2010. Avec votes recueillis, il échoue de peu derrière Joe Johnson, Derrick Rose. Danny Ainge veut transférer Allen pour recruter un marqueur plus jeune et moins cher. Après des rumeurs de transfert aux Kings de Sacramento contre Kevin Martin, Ray Allen reste finalement aux Celtics de Boston jusqu'à la fin de la saison 2009-2010. Lors du premier tour des playoffs, les Celtics sont opposés au Heat de Miami emmené par la star de la franchise Dwyane Wade sur lequel Allen défend. Lors du deuxième match de la série, il réussit un très bon troisième quart temps lors duquel il inscrit 17 points avec un 5 sur 6 à trois points. Il retrouve de l'adresse et participe activement à la qualification de son équipe lors du cinquième match lors duquel il termine meilleur marqueur des Celtics avec 24 points. Les Celtics de Boston atteignent les finales contre les Lakers de Los Angeles après avoir gagné contre le Magic d'Orlando et les Cavaliers de Cleveland. Lors du Game 2, Allen établit un nouveau record du nombre de 3 points marqués dans un match de finales NBA, réussissant 8 tirs dont 7 en première mi-temps. Il finira à 32 points à 8 sur 11 à 3 points, ce qui constitue un record de paniers à 3 points réussis dans les finales NBA<ref>Le précédent record de 7 réussites était détenu par Kenny Smith depuis le 7 juin 1995 avec les Rockets dans le premier match face à Orlando, Scottie Pippen depuis le 6 juin 1997 avec les Bulls dans le troisième match face à Utah et déjà Ray Allen depuis le 17 juin 2008 avec les Celtics dans le sixième match face aux Lakers. Avec 7 sur 8 en première mi-temps, il dépasse Michael Jordan qui en réussit 6 en 1992 contre Portland et Kenny Smith en 1995 contre Orlando. Sources : Ray Allen dépasse Michael Jordan, Mondial Basket , juillet-août 2010, page 67</ref>. Après une finale haletante, les Lakers gagnent le trophée Larry O'Brien remportant la série 4-3. Son contrat avec les Celtics de Boston se termine à la fin de la saison 2009-2010, il est alors en transfert libre. Après l'apparition de rumeurs selon lesquelles il pourrait signer pour la franchise floridienne du Heat de Miami avec LeBron James et Chris Bosh, il décide finalement de prolonger son contrat avec les Celtics pour deux saisons supplémentaires et un montant de 20 millions de dollars. Heat de Miami Après la saison 2011-2012, Ray Allen se lance un dernier défi sportif : gagner encore un titre, il rejoint alors le Heat de Miami pour une somme inférieure à celle que lui proposaient les Celtics. Lors de la saison 2012-2013, Ray Allen franchit en le seuil des en carrière. Avec Miami, qui compile 65 victoires pour 16 défaites, il obtient le premier rang de la Conférence Est et dispute ensuite les playoffs où il atteint avec son club la finale contre les Spurs de San Antonio. Alors que San Antonio mène trois victoires à deux, Allen égalise lors des dernières secondes du sixième match remporté ensuite par Miami dans les prolongations. Miami s'impose lors du septième et dernier match, remportant ainsi le titre, le deuxième en carrière pour Ray Allen. La saison suivante, la finale oppose à nouveau les deux équipes mais le résultat est cette fois différent, les Spurs de San Antonio s'imposant par quatre victoires à une. À l'issue de la saison, il est sans contrat. Retraite Après deux années sans jouer en NBA, Ray Allen annonce officiellement sa retraite le par une lettre. Carrière d'acteur Lors d'un déplacement à New York en pendant sa première saison NBA, Ray Allen rencontre Spike Lee qui désire réaliser un film autour du basket-ball. Après une audition réussie, il est choisi afin d'être l'un des principaux acteurs du film nommé He Got Game. He Got Game sort au cinéma en 1998 aux États-Unis et en 2000 en France. Ray Allen joue le rôle d'un jeune prodige du basket nommé Jesus Shuttlesworth, fils de Jake joué par l'acteur Denzel Washington. Depuis ce film, Ray Allen est surnommé Jesus. Il joue également dans le film Harvard Story de James Toback sorti en 2001. Vie privée Ray Allen est marié à Shannon Walker Williams, devenue Shannon Allen, en à Martha's Vineyard. Ils ont ensemble trois enfants appelés Tierra, Ray III et Walker. Ce dernier s'est vu diagnostiqué un diabète de type 1 à l'âge de 22 mois. Lui et sa femme se sont investis dans la Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation. En 2003, le beau-père de Ray Allen, Derek Hopson, échappe à une tentative de meurtre d'un déséquilibré mental du nom de Robbie Santos, condamné par la suite à 18 années de prison. Ernest C. Garlington, le mari de l'ancienne femme de Derek, a été condamné en tant que complice. Derek Hopson est marié depuis seulement trois jours à la mère de Ray Allen, Flora Allen-Hopson, au moment de la tentative de meurtre. Palmarès, records et récompenses Les records personnels de Ray Allen en NBA sont les suivants : Double-double : 43 (dont 4 en playoffs) Triple-double : 3 Ray Allen est un spécialiste du tir à trois points et inscrit son nom à de nombreux records. Il remporte le concours de shoots à trois points du NBA All-Star Game 2001. Ray Allen est aussi devenu le , le meilleur marqueur de paniers à trois points de l'histoire de la NBA devant Reggie Miller avec 2973 paniers. Ce record est battu par Stephen Curry le . Allen est le meilleur marqueur de trois points lors des saisons 2001-2002, 2002-2003 et 2005-2006. Il partage avec Tracy McGrady le record du plus grand nombre de paniers à trois points marqués dans une seule mi-temps avec 8 contre les Charlotte Hornets le . Allen est le seul joueur à avoir réussi 8 paniers à trois points lors d'un seul match d'une série de finale NBA le . Lors de ce même match, il bat le record de tirs à 3 points inscrits en une mi-temps de finale (7/8) contre les Lakers de Los Angeles. Cette performance est réussie lors du deuxième match de l'ultime série de la saison des Celtics de Boston. Ray Allen détient des records dans toutes les équipes dont il a fait partie. Dès sa carrière universitaire, il bat le record de tirs primés avec l'équipe du Connecticut avec 115 paniers à trois points réussis en une saison lors de la saison 1995-1996 et finit troisième meilleur marqueur de l'équipe avec points en trois saisons. Allen détient le record de rencontres consécutivement jouées pour Bucks de Milwaukee avec 400 matchs de suite. Allen est également celui qui a marqué le plus grand nombre de paniers à trois points pour la franchise avec tirs réussis, et aussi le plus grand nombre de tentatives avec tentatives. Son record personnel de points en une rencontre est de 54 contre Utah ; cela constitue la deuxième performance de l'histoire des Sonics. Ray Allen détient également le plus grand nombre de lancers francs consécutifs pour les Celtics de Boston avec 72. Allen est un joueur régulier, il est désigné à dix reprises pour jouer le All-Star Game dont neuf consécutifs en 2000, 2001, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 et 2011. Il compte trois victoires majeures dans son palmarès avec la victoire aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 2000 et deux titres de champion NBA : en 2008 avec les Celtics de Boston et 2013 avec le Heat de Miami. Ray Allen reçoit également des récompenses pour son attitude sur et en dehors du terrain. Le magazine Sporting News est le premier à le récompenser en le désignant par trois fois en 2000, 2001 et 2005. En 2003, le comportement d'Allen est montré en exemple avec l'obtention du NBA Sportsmanship Award qui récompense le joueur le plus fair-play de la NBA. En 2010, il est de nouveau en nomination pour les Sportsmanship Award''. Le , Ray Allen est le de l'histoire de la NBA à dépasser les points en carrière. Le , Allen devient de à dépasser la barre des points en carrière en inscrivant un nouveau tir à trois points contre Washington. Il est l'un des rares joueurs en activité dans la ligue NBA à avoir inscrit plus de points dans sa carrière. Avec points au terme de la saison 2012-2013, Ray Allen est le marqueur de l'histoire de la NBA. Le , Ray Allen égale puis bat le record de paniers à trois points réussis durant une carrière, dépassant ainsi Reggie Miller et ses paniers marqués, contre les Lakers de Los Angeles. La saison suivante, le , en réalisant un bilan de 26 points dont un 5 sur 10 à trois points contre les Kings de Sacramento, il devient le premier joueur de l'histoire de la NBA à passer la barre des trois points marqués. Le , en inscrivant 5 paniers à trois points lors du troisième match du premier tour face aux Bucks de Milwaukee, il devient le recordman du nombre de trois points en playoff avec 322 réalisations. Il dépasse Reggie Miller qui en avait inscrit 320. En 2018, il est intronisé au Basketball Hall of Fame. Profil de jeu et personnalité Ray Allen évolue au poste d'arrière, appelé aussi poste 2, depuis le début de sa carrière. Il est connu pour son adresse aux paniers à trois points et son calme. Son shoot est considéré comme l'un des plus purs de la NBA. Il marque de nombreux paniers de loin grâce à des tirs en suspension, un de ses points forts. Les spécialistes louent également la fluidité de son geste, un exemple pour les jeunes joueurs. Allen est considéré comme l'un des shooteurs les plus réguliers de la NBA avec un taux de réussite aux lancers francs de près de 90 %. Très complet, il sait également provoquer la défense et finir au panier. Même s'il n'utilise pas beaucoup de dribbles, il sait faire des double-pas pour conclure les actions offensives et des passes, notamment pour terminer les actions rapides et les contre attaques. Le style de Ray Allen sur le terrain donne parfois l'impression d'une très grande facilité. Il a parfois été critiqué pour ses faiblesses défensives. Il se considère d'abord comme un joueur offensif et un marqueur de points. Ainsi, Allen finit régulièrement meilleur marqueur de son équipe. Il est connu pour son endurance, étant l'un des joueurs qui joue le plus de minutes par match, et étant dans le cinq majeur dans toutes les rencontres qu'il a disputées en NBA sauf trois. Il a besoin d'une routine pour être performant sur le parquet, notamment avant les lancers-francs. Allen est également reconnu pour son professionnalisme, notamment dans la préparation des matchs. Ray Allen est parfois considéré comme le gendre idéal. Cependant, il lui est arrivé de se faire exclure d'un match après une bagarre. De son éducation militaire, il garde un goût prononcé pour l'ordre et un code vestimentaire très strict. Statistiques Universitaires Le tableau suivant présente les statistiques individuelles de Ray Allen pendant sa carrière universitaire. Professionnelles en saison régulière Le tableau suivant présente les statistiques individuelles de Ray Allen pendant sa carrière professionnelle en saison régulière. Légende : Professionnelles en playoffs Le tableau suivant présente les statistiques individuelles de Ray Allen pendant sa carrière professionnelle en playoffs. Pour approfondir Bibliographie Articles connexes Liste des joueurs en NBA ayant joué plus de 1000 matchs en carrière. Liste des joueurs en NBA ayant joué le plus de matchs en playoffs. Liste des joueurs les plus assidus en NBA en carrière. Liste des meilleurs marqueurs en NBA en carrière. Liste des meilleurs marqueurs à trois points en NBA en carrière. Liste des meilleurs marqueurs à trois points en NBA en playoffs. Liste des joueurs NBA ayant perdu le plus de ballons en carrière. Liste des joueurs de NBA avec 50 points et plus sur un match de playoffs. Liens externes Notes et références Naissance en juillet 1975 Naissance à Merced (États-Unis) Joueur international américain de basket-ball Joueur sélectionné pour les NBA All-Star Game Joueur de basket-ball aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 2000 Champion olympique de basket-ball Champion olympique américain Joueur Champion NBA Joueur de basket-ball des Huskies du Connecticut Joueur drafté par les Timberwolves du Minnesota Joueur des Bucks de Milwaukee Joueur des SuperSonics de Seattle Joueur des Celtics de Boston Joueur du Heat de Miami Sportif afro-américain
bg	wikipedia	N/A	Рюсике е стратегия – териториална единица от последните години на Тракийската държава. Известна е от надписите на Аполоний Ептайкент – стратег на стретегията около Анхиало, на Селетике и на Рюсике. Според хипотези, основани на подредбата на имената в посочените надписи, Рюсике е била на север от Източна Стара планина. Други хипотези свързват името на река Росица с името на стратегията, като предполагат, че се е намирала в поречието на тази река. Във втория случай се приема, че главен град на стратегията (т началото на II в. сл. Хр. до нейното суспендиране) е бил основаният от император Траян гр. Никополис ад Иструм. Източници www.burgasmuseums.bg Древна Тракия
sl	wikipedia	N/A	Micah Boyd, ameriški veslač, * 6. april 1982, Saint Paul, Minnesota. Micah Boyd je član Pennsylvania Athletic Cluba, za Združene države Amerike pa je v osmercu nastopil na Poletnih olimpijskih igrah 2008 v Pekingu. Ameriški čoln je tam osvojil bronasto medaljo. Pred tem je v dvojcu s krmarjem nastopil na Svetovnem prvenstvu v veslanju 2005, kjer je prav tako osvojil bron. Reference Rojeni leta 1982 Živeči ljudje Ameriški veslači Olimpijski tekmovalci za ZDA Veslači Poletnih olimpijskih iger 2008 Prejemniki bronastih olimpijskih medalj za ZDA
de	wikipedia	N/A	Der Bahnhof Störnstein ist ein ehemaliger Bahnhof in der Oberpfälzer Gemeinde Störnstein, östlich der Staatsstraße 2395. Geschichte Der Bahnhof wurde 1886 im Zuge des Baus der Bahnstrecke Neustadt (Waldnaab)–Vohenstrauß errichtet. Er ging mit der Eröffnung der Strecke am 16. Oktober 1886 in Betrieb. Im Mai 1992 wurde der Personenverkehr auf der Strecke eingestellt. 1995 wurde auch der Güterverkehr aufgegeben. Beschreibung Mit seinen vier Weichen war der Bahnhof eine typische bayerische Lokalbahn-Gleisanlage. Das Empfangsgebäude ist ein erdgeschossiger Kniestockbau mit flachem Halbwalmdach aus Polygonalmauerwerk mit Backsteintraufgesims. Zugehörig ist ein erdgeschossiges Waschhaus, das zeitgleich in gleicher Bauweise entstand. Sowohl das Empfangsgebäude wie auch das Waschhaus sind eingetragene Denkmalschutzobjekte des Bayerischen Landesamtes für Denkmalpflege. Einzelnachweise Stornstein Stornstein Stornstein Baudenkmal in Störnstein Bauwerk in Störnstein
en	wikipedia	N/A	Lori Tan Chinn is an American actress and comedian. She was a recurring character on Netflix series Orange Is the New Black and currently stars as Awkwafina's Grandma on Comedy Central's Awkwafina Is Nora from Queens (2020–present.) Chinn began her acting career on Broadway, where she played Miss Higa Jiga in Lovely Ladies, Kind Gentlemen (1970.) She was also a notable member of the Katherine Dunham Company and performed African dance with Syvilla Fort. Early life Chinn was born in Seattle, Washington. She is of Hoisan, Chinese descent. Chinn moved to New York City by herself in 1969. Filmography Film Television Theatre References External links Living people American people of Chinese descent American film actresses Actresses from Seattle American musical theatre actresses American television actresses 1948 births 20th-century American actresses 21st-century American actresses
el	wikipedia	N/A	Ο Ξενοφων Σιδερίδης (1851-1929) ήταν ιστορικός, βυζαντινολόγος και αντεπιστέλλων μέλος της Ακαδημίας Αθηνών. Βίος Ο Ξενοφών Σιδερίδης γεννήθηκε τον Απρίλιο του 1851 στην Χρυσούπολη (Σκούταρι) του Βοσπόρου. Ο πατέρας του Αθανάσιος καταγόταν από το Μικρό Χωριό Ευρυτανίας. Είχε άλλα οκτώ αδέλφια. Ορφάνεψε σε μικρή ηλικία από πατέρα. Αφού τελείωσε το ελληνικό σχολείο της Χρυσούπολης εργάστηκε για λόγους βιοπορισμού. Έγινε μέτοχος στην εμπορική επιχείριση Χρυσβέργη στην Κωνσταντινούπολη.Παράλληλα έμαθε ξένες γλώσσες, την τουρκική, ρωσική, βουλγαρική, γαλλική.Πολύ νωρίς επιδόθηκε σε ιστορικές έρευνες και προχώρησε σε δημοσιεύσεις στο Περιοδικό του Ελληνικού Φιλολογικού Συλλόγου, της Αρχαιολογικής Επιτροπής του οποίου έγινε εταίρος και πρόεδρος. Εξελέγη αντεπιστέλλων μέλος της Ακαδημιας Αθηνών το 1929. Πέθανε στις 15 Αυγούστου 1929 από ανακοπή καρδιάς. Η Βιβλιοθήκη Σιδερίδη Ο Ξενοφών Σιδερίδης άφησε την βιβλιοθήκη του, που θεωρήθηκε σαν μια απ’ τις σπανιότερες και μεγαλύτερες στο είδος της με περίπου 4.009 τόμους και 25 χειρόγραφους κώδικες. Η βιβλιοθήκη αυτή δωρίστηκε από τα αδέρφια του Ξενοφώντα Σιδερίδη, Ευλαμπία Αχτάρη και Αλεξάνδρα Κούρτελη, στην Ακαδημία Αθηνών και τοποθετήθηκε σε ξεχωριστή αίθουσα, που έφερε το όνομά του: «Βιβλιοθήκη Ξ.Α. Σιδερίδη». Eργογραφία Ναός ιερομάρτυρος Αυτονόμου, Ελληνικός Φιλολογικός Σύλλογος, τομ. 17 (1886), σελ. 122-124 Βυζαντινά επιτύμβια εν Χρυσπούλει, Ελληνικός Φιλολογικός Σύλλογος, τομ. 17 (1886), σελ.125-126 Περί του Δαματρύος των Βυζαντινών, Ελληνικός Φιλολογικός Σύλλογος, τομ. 17 (1886), σελ126-134, τομ. 19 (1891), σελ. 15-24 Περί της εν Μικρά Αρμενία Νικοπόλεως, Ελληνικός Φιλολογικός Σύλλογος, τομ. 17 (1886), σελ134-143 Βυζαντιναί επιγραφαί, Ελληνικός Φιλολογικός Σύλλογος, τομ. 20-22 (1892), σελ.17-18, τομ. 24-26 (1896), σελ. 133-139 Περί της εν Κωνσταντινουπόλει Μονής της Παμακαρίστου και των κτητόρων αυτής, Ελληνικός Φιλολογικός Σύλλογος, τομ. 20-22 (1892), σελ19-32 Περί της εν Κωνσταντινουπόλει Μονής του Σωτήρος του Φιλανθρώπου, Εκκλησιαστική Αλήθεια, 1897, σελ. 234-236, 250-251, 257-259, 267-268, 276-279, 291-293, 309-310, 316-319, 323-325, 341-343, τομ 1898,σελ4-6, 10-11 Λίβυσσα, Δακίβυζα, Γκέπουζα, Ελληνικός Φιλολογικός Σύλλογος, τομ.27 (1900), σελ. 264-287 Επανόρθωσις αφηγησεως γεγονότων, τινών επί Αυτοκράτορος Ηρακλείου Α, Ελληνικός Φιλολογικός Σύλλογος, τομ.28 (1904), σελ. 98-118 Κωνσταντίνου Παλαιολόγου θάνατος, τάφος, και σπάθη, Αθήνα, 1908 Περί τινός αντιγράφου του Νομοκανόνος του Μανουήλ Μαλαξού, Ελληνικός Φιλολογικός Σύλλογος, τομ.30 (1908), σελ.182-205 Γαβριήλ Σεβήρου, ιστορική επιστολή, Εκκλησιαστικός Φάρος, τομ.11 (1913), σελ. 5-34 Γεννάδιου Σχολάριου κανών εις Γρηγόριον Παλαμάν, Γρηγόριος Παλαμάς, 1921, σελ. 137-142 Η προς Βοεμούς επιστολή της Εκκλησίας Κων/πόλεως εν έτει 1452, Νέος Ποιμήν, τομ. Ε (1923), σελ. 98-108 Μανουήλ Ολοβώλου εγκώμιον εις τον Αυτοκράτορα Μιχαήλ Η' τον Παλαιολόγον, Επετηρίς Βυζαντινών Σπουδών, Γ (1926), σελ. 168-191 Τα περί ενώσεως των Εκκλησιών γράμματα του Αυτοκράτορος Ιωάννου του Κομνηνού, Γρηγόριος Παλαμάς, 1926, σελ. 52-64 Μιχαήλ Ψελλού λόγος επί τω εν Βλαχέρναις γεγονότι θάυματι, Ορθοδοξία, 1928, σελ. 508-519, 539-548 Επιστολαί ΙΣΤ αιώνος, Χιακά Χρονικά 1926, σελ. 185-192 Γεωργίου Σχολαρίου τα ευρισκόμενα, τ1,2 (1928-1929), εκδ. Bonne Presse, Paris Η Ηπειρώτις οικογένεια Ρερέ (1448-1609), Ηπειρωτικά χρονικά τομ. Γ σελ. 159-168 Ο εν Γενούη βυζαντινός πέπλος, Επετηρίς Βυζαντινών Σπουδών, Ε (1928), σελ.376-378 Κορτήσιος Βρανάς ο Ηπειρώτης,Ηπειρωτικά χρονικά, τομ.Γ,σελ. 249-271 Παραπομπές Πηγές Κ.Α., «Ξενοφών Σιδερίδης», Ελληνικά, τομ. 4 (1931), σελ.289-290 Βασίλειος Μυστακίδης, «Ξενοφών Σιδερίδης», Επιστημονική Επετηρίς Εταιρείας Βυζαντινών Σπουδών,τομ.6 (1929), σελ.423-427 E. Stephanou, «Xenohon Sideridis (1851-1929)»,Echos d' Orient, τομ.29(1930), σελ.79-83 Εξωτερικοί σύνεδεσμοι Ξενοφών Σιδερίδης Έλληνες βυζαντινολόγοι Μέλη της Ακαδημίας Αθηνών
cs	wikipedia	N/A	Zámek Doksy (německy Schloss Hirschberg) je původně renesanční zámek ze 16. století. byl postaven v obci Doksy na Českolipsku Je chráněn spolu s parkem i ohradní zdí jako kulturní památka. Pro veřejnost byl otevřen v prosinci roku 2019. Přestěhovalo se sem Turistické informační centrum, Městská knihovna a muzeum Čtyřlístek. Otevřel se zde také moderně historický prohlídkový okruh věnovaný bývalým majitelům zámku, a to konkrétně rodu Valdštejnů-Vartenberků. Historie Výstavbu původního zámku započal v první polovině 16. století zřejmě Mikuláš Zajíc z Hazmburka. Hotové první, západní křídlo koupil roku 1553 Adam Berka z Dubé. Podle jiných zdrojů novou stavbu zámku zahájil až Jan z Vartenberka poté, když získal v roce 1553 rozdělené Bezdězské panství. V roce 1593 Jan z Vartenberka přepsal zámek na svou manželku, která se tři roky po jeho smrti podruhé provdala za Václava Berku z Dubé. Ten nechal postavit křídlo druhé. Po bitvě na Bílé hoře mu však bylo panství zkonfiskováno, musel z Čech emigrovat, budovy poničili žoldnéři Maxmiliána Bavorského a pak i sedláci z okolí. Roku 1622 zámek získal Adam z Valdštejna, který jej téhož roku prodal synovci Albrechtovi z Valdštejna. Když byl tento roku 1634 v Chebu zavražděn, majitelem zámku se stal jeden z jeho vrahů Walter Butler, ale později jej Valdštejnové získali zpět (koupí roku 1680) a jejich rod zde sídlil až do roku 1945, kdy jim byl zámek na základě Benešových dekretů zkonfiskován. Na počátku 18. století byl původně renesanční zámek dostavěn a o 100 let později zde byly provedeny velké stavební úpravy. 20. století Od roku 1952 do roku 1962 sloužil zámek k armádním účelům (škola a výzkumné středisko). Od roku 1963 přešel zámek do vlastnictví ministerstva zemědělství a to zde zřídilo střední odbornou školu – zemědělské učiliště a domov mládeže. To zde sídlilo s různými proměnami až do roku 2012, kdy bylo odstěhováno do zadních budov v areálu zámeckého parku. Na pohlednicích z let 1915–1929 byl zámek pojmenován Schloss in Hirschberg a Sommerfrische Hirschberg. Po roce 2005 zde sídlila Obecně prospěšná společnost Máchovo jezero. Po roce 2010 Zámek byl ve vlastnictví Libereckého kraje, který jej však v dubnu 2015 bezplatně přenechal městu Doksy. Předtím byl v létě 2012 zámek vystěhováván, odpojen od elektřiny a nabízen veřejnosti za 45 milionů. Město Doksy chtělo nechat rozhodnout i své občany, proto se na konci září 2013 zámek tehdy výjimečně otevřel veřejnosti. A roku 2014 při komunálních volbách uspořádalo anketu, zda zámek převzít, většina občanů se vyjádřila pro převzetí. Od 2. ledna 2014 byl městem jmenován nový správce zámku a zahájena řada stavebních úprav, jejichž první etapa byla ukončena v roce 2019. V roce 2021 byl zámecký areál centrem jednoho závodu Mistrovství světa v orientačním běhu. Na zámku probíhají komentované prohlídky, zámecký areál s unikátním anglickým parkem z 19. století je rovněž přístupný, konají se zde tradiční dokské akce jako novoroční ohňostroj či Dokská pouť. Zámeckým parkem je vedena naučná stezka s řadou informačních panelů. Evropsky významná lokalita Zámecký areál s rozlohou 0,56 ha je zařazen do soupisu Evropsky významných lokalit pod číslem CZ0513659. Předmětem ochrany je výskyt netopýrů velkých. Popis areálu Zámecký komplex je trojkřídlý ve tvaru U, doplněn hospodářskými stavbami a zdmi ohraničeným anglickým parkem. Vlastní budova má západní renesanční část se zdobeným průčelím, druhé křídlo s opěrnými pilíři je raně barokní a třetímu křídlu dominuje věž s cibulovou bání. Zámecký park byl upraven po roce 1820. V 20. století v něm byly provedeny nešetrné zásahy, např. postaveno školní hřiště na hlavním palouku. Po roce 1980 zde rostlo 23 jehličnatých a 63 listnatých stromů. Cenná byla sbírka různých borovic, jilmů, cypřišů, zmarličníku či lípy s třemi srostlými kmeny. Dopravní dostupnost Poblíž zámeckého areálu je autobusové nádraží, blízko vede cyklotrasa 015 z Kokořínska a kolem zámku Máchova stezka, což je mezinárodní červeně značená trasa E10 od Bezdězu na Českou Lípu, v souběhu s ní vede i žlutá trasa a naučné stezky Swamp a Se Čtyřlístkem okolo Blaťáku. Vlakové nádraží na trati 080 z Jedlové do Bakova nad Jizerou je vzdálené zhruba 1,5 km. Zámecké interiéry Odkazy Reference Externí odkazy Na webu Turistik Web Hrady Web Českolipsko Renesanční zámky v okrese Česká Lípa Barokní zámky v okrese Česká Lípa Kulturní památky v okrese Česká Lípa zámek zámek Bezdězské panství
fr	other	N/A	Un couple a pris en location un appartement par un bail de résidence principale conclu le 13 juin 2011. Le bail a été souscrit auprès d'une agence immobilière pour un terme de trois ans à partir du 1er juillet 2011. Selon l'article 4 du contrat de bail, le loyer est fixé à 972,22 euros payable pour le 2 de chaque mois au compte de l'agence immobilière. L'article 6 prévoit, quant à lui, trois modes de constitution de la garantie locative. Le premier, adopté par les locataires, consiste dans le paiement en espèces à l'agence immobilière de deux mois de loyer plus les charges. En décembre 2011, le couple de locataire se sépare et l'homme prévient l'agence immobilière par un courriel du 27 décembre qu'il quitte le logement où reste Madame et leur enfant commun. En janvier 2012, Madame demande à l'agence immobilière une réduction du loyer à 775 euros à partir de mai 2012 avec limitation à un mois de l'indemnité de départ ou une novation vers un appartement du rez-de-chaussée au loyer de 780 euros. L'agence immobilière refuse. Par une lettre du 28 février 2012, elle annonce alors son départ pour le 31 mars au plus tard, compte tenu du montant élevé du loyer et de l'impossibilité de le payer seule. En conséquence, l'agence immobilière décide d'introduire une procédure en justice afin de réclamer aux locataires les loyers de février et mars 2012, les charges communes correspondantes, une insuffisance de préavis, une indemnité de rupture ainsi qu'une provision sur des frais de remise en état. Les locataires contestent la réalité du prix du logement, soutenant qu'un loyer de 915 euros aurait été convenu, lequel fut effectivement payé jusqu'en janvier 2012. Décision du juge de paix de Grâce-Hollogne En ce qui concerne la demande de résolution du bail aux torts des locataires, le juge estime, dans un premier temps, que l'avertissement donné par courriel par Monsieur qu'il quittait le logement en y laissant à leur sort sa compagne et leur fille, ne constitue pas un congé au sens de l'article 3§ 6, alinéa 4, des règles relatives au bail de résidence principale 2. Il en est de même de l'annonce du départ de Madame pour le 31 mars 2012, envoyé par lettre le 28 février, puisque l'article 3§6 alinéa 4 de la loi du 20 février 1991 prévoit que pour les baux de résidence principal de courte durée, le congé doit être notifié au moins trois mois avant l'expiration de la durée convenue. Il en résulte, que les locataires étaient tenus de respecter la durée du bail ou, à tout le moins, de notifier valablement leur congé, ce qui n'a pas été le cas en l'espèce. Le juge prononce donc la résiliation du bail aux torts des locataires. En ce qui concerne les sommes réclamées par l'agence immobilière, les locataires estiment que la plupart des dispositions du bail sont abusives. A cet égard, le juge rappelle qu'en tant qu'entreprise fournissant des services immobiliers aux consommateurs, la liberté contractuelle de l'agence immobilière est soumise aux règles contenues dans la loi du 6 avril 2010 relative aux pratiques du marché et à la protection du consommateur (désormais remplacée par le livre VI du Code de droit économique). Le bail doit, en outre, respecter les principes généraux du droit des obligations, dont celui de la bonne foi énoncé dans les articles 1134, alinéa 3, et 1135 du Code civil, ainsi que les règles impératives de protection du preneur fournies par le droit commun du louage d'immeuble et par les dispositions particulières aux baux de la résidence principale. L'article 40 de la loi du 6 avril 2010 prévoit que les clauses du contrat de bail conclu par un professionnel de l'immobilier doivent être rédigées de manière claire et compréhensible. En l'espèce, il s'avère qu'une des clauses du contrat de bail promet « la possibilité de prétendre à une remise spéciale exceptionnelle de dix pourcent à la condition sine qua non que le montant du loyer soit comptabilisé sur le compte bancaire du bailleur au plus tard pour le 4 de chaque mois », la réduction exceptionnelle pouvant cependant être maintenue dans le cas où le locataire, payant moins de vingt jours après l'échéance, solliciterait dans le mois une dérogation que le bailleur pourrait accorder ou refuser de manière discrétionnaire ». Selon le juge, une telle clause constitue une clause obscure au sens de l'article 40, paragraphe 2, de la loi du 6 avril 2010, avec pour conséquence que c'est l'interprétation la plus favorable au locataire qui doit prévaloir. Le juge décide donc que le prix de la location doit être considéré comme étant fixé effectivement à 910 euros par mois, tel qu'indiqué sur le site internet de l'agence immobilière. Par ailleurs, en ce qui concerne l'indexation du loyer, le juge estime que les clauses relatives au montant forfaitaire (notamment en matière de nettoyage en fin de bail), constituent des clauses d'augmentation de prix que prohibe l'article 64, 3°, de la loi du 6 avril 2010. En outre, le juge constate que l'agence immobilière réclame une indemnité de dédit pour résiliation anticipée du contrat de bail ainsi qu'une indemnité forfaitaire pour résolution du contrat aux torts du locataire. Or, le comportement des preneurs sanctionné par la résolution judiciaire est radicalement différent de celui du preneur exerçant une faculté de dédit et payant une contrepartie financière pour l'exercice de ce droit. Par conséquent, puisque ces indemnités visent des hypothèses distinctes, elles ne sont pas susceptibles de cumul. En l'espèce, le juge estime qu'une indemnité égale à un mois de loyer hors charges réparera adéquatement le préjudice subi par l'agence immobilière. C'est le livre VI du Code de droit économique qui réglemente le régime des clauses abusives en matière de bail d'immeuble. Le Code s'applique aux contrats conclus entre un consommateur et une entreprise qui portent sur la vente de produits ou la prestation de services. Par conséquent, il s'applique uniquement aux contrats conclus entre un locataire et une agence immobilière, à l'exclusion des contrats de bail conclus entre deux particuliers ou entre deux professionnels de l'immobilier 3. L'article VI. 37 du Code prévoit que pour tout contrat écrit entre une entreprise et un consommateur, les clauses doivent être rédigées de manière claire et compréhensible 4. En cas de doute sur le sens d'une clause, par exemple, une clause de dédit ou une clause pénale, c'est l'interprétation la plus favorable au consommateur qui doit prévaloir 5. Outre cette obligation, le Code interdit l'usage de clause abusive dans le contrat de bail conclu entre un consommateur et une entreprise. Une clause doit être considérée comme abusive lorsque, à elle seule ou combinée avec une ou plusieurs autres clauses ou conditions, elle crée un déséquilibre manifeste 6 entre les droits et les obligations des parties au détriment du consommateur 7. Selon l'article VI. 82, le caractère abusif d'une clause contractuelle doit s'apprécier en tenant compte de la nature des produits qui font l'objet du contrat et en se référant, au moment de la conclusion du contrat, à toutes les circonstances qui entourent sa conclusion, de même qu'à toutes les autres clauses du contrat, ou d'un autre contrat dont il dépend 8. Il sera également tenu compte de l'exigence de clarté et de compréhension dans la rédaction des clauses 9. La sanction qui frappe les clauses abusives est la nullité de celles-ci. Le bailleur ne pourra donc en exiger l'application et c'est le droit commun qui se suppléera à la clause ainsi annulée 10. L'interdiction de recourir à des clauses abusives ne peut toutefois pas être un moyen pour le locataire de remettre en cause un contrat peu avantageux ou l'adéquation entre le loyer et le bien donné en location. Par contre, le rapport entre la qualité du bien et le prix pourra être pris en considération pour apprécier le caractère abusif de certaines clauses, tel que par exemple une clause limitative de responsabilité 11. Outre la définition générale de la clause abusive, le Code contient à l'article VI. 83, une liste de clauses qui doivent être considérées comme abusives en toutes circonstances. Est notamment considérée comme abusive, la clause qui détermine le montant de l'indemnité due par le locataire qui n'exécute pas ses obligations, sans prévoir une indemnité du même ordre à charge de l'entreprise qui n'exécute pas les siennes 12. L'indemnité fixée pour chacune des parties ne doit pas nécessairement être d'un montant identique mais prévoir une indemnité du même ordre pour une sanction du même type 13. Par conséquent, si un intérêt est prévu en cas de retard de paiement dans le chef du locataire, un intérêt de retard doit également être dû par le bailleur en cas de retard dans la délivrance du bien. Le Code prévoit qu'est également abusif, la clause qui permet au bailleur de retenir des sommes versées par le locataire lorsque celui-ci renonce à conclure ou à exécuter le contrat, sans prévoir le droit, pour le locataire, de percevoir une indemnité d'un montant équivalent de la part du bailleur lorsque c'est ce dernier qui renonce 14. Tel est le cas également des clauses qui fixent des montants de dommages et intérêts réclamés en cas d'inexécution ou de retard dans l'exécution des obligations du locataire qui dépassent manifestement l'étendue du préjudice susceptible d'être subi par le bailleur 15. 1. J.P. Grâce-Hollogne, 25 mai 2011, J.L.M.B., 2012/40, p. 1917. 2. Article 3 §6 al. 4 de la loi du 20 février 1991 sur le bail de résidence principal. 3. Voy. D. Lagasse, « Promotions immobilières et protection du consommateur - Pratique contractuelle des ventes d'immeubles et loi sur les pratiques du commerce », Jurim Pratique, 2008/1, p. 7. 4. Article VI. 37 du Code de droit économique. 5. P. Wéry, « L'interprétation contra proferentem » J.L.M.B., 2005, p. 1050. 6. Cass., 21 décembre 2009, R.G. n° C.08.0499.F. 7. Article I.8, 22° du Code de droit économique. 8. Mons 26 juin 1997, R.R.D., 1997, p. 433. 9. Article VI. 82 du Code de droit économique. 10. S. Lebeau, « L'application de la LPMPC à la location immobilière » Jurim Pratique, 2012/3, 3, p. 215. 11. A. Cruquenaire, « Les clauses abusives en pratique » in Actualités du droit commercial, Louvain-la-Neuve, Anthemis, 2010, p. 139. 12. Civ. Anvers, 2 décembre 2013, TBO, 2014/ 1, p.33 ; Article VI.83, 17° du Code de droit économique. 13. Liège, 16 mars 2010, R.R.D.,2009/132, p. 198. 14. Article VI.83, 27° du Code de droit économique. 15. Article VI.83, 24° du Code de droit économique.
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en	caselaw	US	159 Ga. App. 898 (1981) 285 S.E.2d 562 COLLINS v. ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ATLANTA, INC. 61697. Court of Appeals of Georgia. Decided September 21, 1981. Rehearing Denied October 13, 1981. Glenville Haldi, for appellant. Donald J. Armstrong, for appellee. BIRDSONG, Judge. The appellant, George Steven Collins as landlord, brought an action against the appellee, as his tenant, for unpaid rent and damages to the building rented. The jury returned a verdict in favor of the tenant, and the landlord appeals, enumerating seven errors below. Held: 1. Appellant sued for breach of the contract to lease, occasioned when the tenant abandoned the premises, and the tenant affirmatively defended by saying it had been constructively evicted. The evidence showed that in June, 1976, the tenant leased appellant's 70-year-old building for use as a halfway house or rehabilitation treatment residence. The evidence supported a finding that from June, 1976 until January, 1978, when the tenant vacated the premises, the tenant had performed substantial repairs and renovations, not as a departure from the contract terms but rather, at first, because the lessor could not obtain reliable workers to complete the work necessary to enable the tenant to timely comply with governmental support grants, and later because the tenant could never get the landlord to perform necessary repairs. There was substantial and undisputed evidence that the tenant's employees repeatedly attempted to call the landlord's agent at his office, made visits to his office a block away, and wrote certified and registered letters to the agent. The phone calls were not returned or answered, the office door would be locked, and the letters were generally returned undeliverable. The landlord's agent admitted that he had no answering service, and that he never responded to any of the letters written by the tenant. Apparently the worst problem was the furnace which was an ancient, "humongous Cyclopean kind of boiler" that constantly broke down. In the first winter season of residence, in January, 1977, the tenant wrote the landlord: "I am writing ... due to the fact that I have received no responses in reference to other attempts to contact you....It was recommended to you [in September] that the heating system be converted from oil to gas. You . . . agreed to have the conversion made at your expense. . .. [I]t should be your 899 responsibility, as provided in the lease, to provide adequate heating service for the facility. Obviously, due to the age of the current system, maintenance is required quite frequently." The landlord never responded to this letter. The tenant continued to perform the necessary repairs itself. A few days before Christmas, 1977, the furnace blew up, or behaved in some similarly unattractive manner. Twenty-seven drug dependent residents were moved in and near the kitchen so they could be kept warm by the use of fans blowing away from the kitchen stove. The administrator reached the landlord's agent at his home and told him that something would have to be done immediately and that the residents could not stay there otherwise. There was evidence the furnace would have to be replaced. Finally, the decision was made to transfer the residents to other locations temporarily, but when the problem was not taken care of, the decision became permanent. On January 6th or 9th the tenant officially abandoned the building, and on January 10th, so notified the landlord in writing. The tenant had secured and locked the doors and windows as well as possible and left lights on to indicate occupancy; nevertheless, by the time the landlord finally arrived in February, the place was in shambles. The jury was authorized to conclude that the landlord was contractually obligated to repair and that the tenant had not waived the landlord's contractual obligation as a matter of fact; that the tenant had been constructively evicted because "(1). . . the landlord in consequence of his failure to keep the premises repaired allowed it to deteriorate to an extent that it had become an unfit place for the defendant to carry on the business for which it was rented; and (2) that the premises could not be restored to a fit condition by ordinary repairs which could be made without unreasonable interruption of the tenant's business. Overstreet v. Rhodes, 212 Ga. 521 (93 SE2d 715)." Alston v. Georgia Credit Counsel, 140 Ga. App. 784, 785 (232 SE2d 134). The conclusion was authorized either that the tenant had given reasonable notice of its intention to vacate as required by the lease or that such notice was impossible or could not reasonably be given through no fault of the tenant; and, further, that any damages to the property were not the fault of the tenant. The trial court therefore did not err in refusing to direct a verdict for the landlord (see Code Ann. § 81A-150 (a)), nor was the verdict contrary to the evidence or the law. 2. The charge that the landlord had the burden to prove breach of contract was not error or prejudicially misleading because the trial court fully and properly charged (see Alston, supra) that the further burden to prove constructive eviction rested on the tenant. 900 Notwithstanding any further remarks in Alston, supra, there is no requirement in the usual case that the tenant show there was "some act of a grave and permanent character done by the landlord with the intention of depriving the tenant of the enjoyment of the demised premises"; where such a showing was required, in Fleming & Bowles v. King, 100 Ga. 449 (28 S.E. 239), the landlord had actually erected a fence around the tenant's store building when ordered to do so by the fire marshal. The charge that vague, equivocal or self-contradictory testimony "of a party who offers himself as a witness in his own behalf" was not prejudicial or misleading as tending (by the use of personal pronouns) to focus upon the landlord individually, particularly since the trial judge instructed the jury to consider the defendant corporation as a person in this instance and that the case was to be considered "as a lawsuit between persons of equal worth and equal standing. . . ." The charge that where good faith requires an answer to a letter, a party is presumed to admit the propriety of acts mentioned in a letter to him when he fails to answer the letter, and that such presumption is rebuttable, is a correct principle of law and was supported by the evidence. Appellant contends the letters were admitted for the limited purposes of showing difficulty in contacting the landlord, and could not suddenly become presumptive evidence of any statement contained in them; and that the letters were totally immaterial to the furnace failure in December, 1977. These contentions are without merit. The repeated notice to the landlord of the furnace defects and particularly of the tenant's position that the landlord was obligated to fix the furnace (and in fact had promised to do so) were highly relevant to the question of constructive eviction and to the question of who was in fact obligated for the repair. 3. The charge that the landlord must ordinarily turn over rented property in a condition reasonably safe and suited for the intended use and free of such latent defects as the exercise of ordinary diligence on the part of the landlord might have disclosed, is alleged to be inappropriate and prejudicially misleading in view of the tenant's contractual acceptance of the property "as is" and "as suited for the uses intended by the tenant." This charge, even if inappropriate, does not require a reversal. Acceptance by the tenant of property "as is" does not assuage the duty upon every landlord to transfer property free of latent defects and in as reasonably safe and suitable condition as it appears to be, and as the tenant in fact accepts it. In any case, the jury was made well aware that the true issues in dispute were whether the landlord was obligated to repair the *901 furnace, whether the landlord constructively evicted the tenant, and whether the tenant gave proper notice of intent to vacate, and considering the evidence, we think it highly probable the verdict was not the product of a misleading instruction. See General GMC Trucks v. Crockett, 145 Ga. App. 503, 505 (244 SE2d 78). Judgment affirmed. Shulman, P. J., and Sognier, J., concur.
de	wikipedia	N/A	Hunefer war ein altägyptischer Beamter, der unter Ramses II. und dessen Nachfolger Merenptah in der 19. Dynastie im 13. Jahrhundert v. Chr. amtierte. Er war Bürgermeister von Theben. Hunefer ist von seinem Grab in Theben (TT385), sowie von verschiedenen Denkmälern und Urkunden bekannt, auf denen er neben seinem Bürgermeistertitel auch Titel der Tempelverwaltung des Amun trägt. Hunefer selbst war der Sohn des Paser, der auch Bürgermeister von Theben war. Sein Granitsarkophag befindet sich heute im Fitzwilliam-Museum in Cambridge. Einzelnachweise Altägyptischer Beamter (Neues Reich) Bürgermeister von Theben 20. Dynastie (Ägypten) Geboren im 13. Jahrhundert v. Chr. Gestorben im 13. Jahrhundert v. Chr. Mann
en	contracts	US	Exhibit 10.1 REVOLVING LINE OF CREDIT NOTE $5,000,000.00 Denver, Colorado September 30, 2019 FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the undersigned ROCKY MOUNTAIN CHOCOLATE FACTORY, INC. ("Borrower") promises to pay to the order of WELLS FARGO BANK, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION ("Bank") at its office at MAC C7300-081, 1700 Lincoln Street, Suite 800, Denver, CO 80203, or at such other place as the holder hereof may designate, in lawful money of the United States of America and in immediately available funds, the principal sum of Five Million Dollars ($5,000,000.00), or so much thereof as may be advanced and be outstanding pursuant to the terms of the Credit Agreement, as defined herein, with interest thereon, to be computed on each advance from the date of its disbursement as set forth herein. DEFINITIONS: As used herein, the following terms shall have the meanings set forth after each, and any other term defined in this Note shall have the meaning set forth at the place defined: (a) "Daily One Month LIBOR" means, for any day, the rate of interest equal to LIBOR then in effect for delivery for a one (1) month period. (b) "LIBOR" means the rate of interest per annum determined by Bank based on the rate for United States dollar deposits for delivery of funds for one (1) month as published by the ICE Benchmark Administration Limited, a United Kingdom company, at approximately 11:00 a.m., London time, or, for any day not a London Business Day, the immediately preceding London Business Day (or if not so published, then as determined by Bank from another recognized source or interbank quotation); provided, however, that if LIBOR determined as provided above would be less than zero percent (0.0%), then LIBOR shall be deemed to be zero percent (0.0%). (c) "London Business Day" means any day that is a day for trading by and between banks in dollar deposits in the London interbank market. INTEREST: (a) Interest. The outstanding principal balance of this Note shall bear interest (computed on the basis of a 360-day year, actual days elapsed) at a fluctuating rate per annum determined by Bank to be two and one quarter percent (2.25%) above Daily One Month LIBOR in effect from time to time. Bank is hereby authorized to note the date and interest rate applicable to this Note and any payments made thereon on Bank's books and records (either manually or by electronic entry) and/or on any schedule attached to this Note, which notations shall be prima facie evidence of the accuracy of the information noted. (b) Taxes and Regulatory Costs. Borrower shall pay to Bank immediately upon demand, in addition to any other amounts due or to become due hereunder, any and all (i) withholdings, interest equalization taxes, stamp taxes or other taxes (except income and franchise taxes) imposed by any domestic or foreign governmental authority and related in any manner to LIBOR, and (ii) costs, expenses and liabilities arising from or in connection with reserve percentages prescribed by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (or any successor) for "Eurocurrency Liabilities" (as defined in Regulation D of the Federal Reserve Board, as amended), assessment rates imposed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or similar requirements or costs imposed by any domestic or foreign governmental authority or resulting from compliance by Bank with any request or directive (whether or not having the force of law) from any central bank or other governmental authority and related in any manner to LIBOR. In determining which of the foregoing are attributable to any LIBOR option available to Borrower hereunder, any reasonable allocation made by Bank among its operations shall be conclusive and binding upon Borrower. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (c) Default Interest. The Bank shall have the option in its sole and absolute discretion to have the outstanding principal balance of this Note bear interest at an increased rate per annum (computed on the basis of a 360-day year, actual days elapsed) equal to four percent (4%) above the rate of interest from time to time applicable to this Note (i) from and after the maturity date of this Note; (ii) from and after the date prior to the maturity date of this Note when all principal owing hereunder becomes due and payable by acceleration or otherwise; and/or (iii) upon the occurrence and during the continuance of any Event of Default. BORROWING AND REPAYMENT: (a) Borrowing and Repayment of Principal. Borrower may from time to time during the term of this Note borrow, partially or wholly repay its outstanding borrowings, and reborrow, subject to all of the limitations, terms and conditions of this Note and of any document executed in connection with or governing this Note; provided however, that the total outstanding borrowings under this Note shall not at any time exceed the principal amount stated above. The unpaid principal balance of this obligation at any time shall be the total amounts advanced hereunder by the holder hereof less the amount of principal payments made hereon by or for Borrower, which balance may be endorsed hereon from time to time by the holder. The outstanding principal balance of this Note shall be due and payable in full on September 30, 2021. (b) Payment of Interest. Interest accrued on this Note shall be payable on the last day of each month, commencing October 30, 2019, and on the maturity date set forth above. (c) Advances. Advances hereunder, to the total amount of the principal sum stated above, may be made by the holder at the oral or written request of (i) BRYAN MERRYMAN or JEREMY KINNEY, any one acting alone (subject to any of Bank’s applicable authentication policies or procedures, which may require that a particular individual—including another specific individual listed above—provide verification of the identity of the requestor), who are authorized to request advances and direct the disposition of any advances until written notice of the revocation of such authority is received by the holder at the office designated above, or (ii) any person, with respect to advances deposited to the credit of any deposit account of Borrower, which advances, when so deposited, shall be conclusively presumed to have been made to or for the benefit of Borrower regardless of the fact that persons other than those authorized to request advances may have authority to draw against such account. The holder shall have no obligation to determine whether any person requesting an advance is or has been authorized by Borrower. (d) Application of Payments. Each payment made on this Note shall be credited first, to any interest then due and second, to the outstanding principal balance hereof. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PREPAYMENT: Borrower may prepay principal on this Note at any time, in any amount and without penalty. If principal under this Note is payable in more than one installment, then any prepayments of principal shall be applied to the most remote principal installment or installments then unpaid. EVENTS OF DEFAULT: This Note is made pursuant to and is subject to the terms and conditions of that certain Credit Agreement between Borrower and Bank dated October 30, 2015, as amended from time to time (the "Credit Agreement"). Any default in the payment or performance of any obligation under this Note, or any defined event of default under the Credit Agreement, shall constitute an "Event of Default" under this Note. MISCELLANEOUS: (a) Remedies. Upon the sale, transfer, hypothecation, assignment or other encumbrance, whether voluntary, involuntary or by operation of law, of all or any interest in any real property securing this Note, if any, or upon the occurrence of any Event of Default, the holder of this Note, at the holder's option, may declare all sums of principal and interest outstanding hereunder to be immediately due and payable without presentment, demand, notice of nonperformance, notice of protest, protest or notice of dishonor, all of which are expressly waived by Borrower, and the obligation, if any, of the holder to extend any further credit hereunder shall immediately cease and terminate. Borrower shall pay to the holder immediately upon demand the full amount of all payments, advances, charges, costs and expenses, including reasonable attorneys' fees (to include outside counsel fees and all allocated costs of the holder's in-house counsel), expended or incurred by the holder in connection with the enforcement of the holder's rights and/or the collection of any amounts which become due to the holder under this Note whether or not suit is brought, and the prosecution or defense of any action in any way related to this Note, including without limitation, any action for declaratory relief, whether incurred at the trial or appellate level, in an arbitration proceeding or otherwise, and including any of the foregoing incurred in connection with any bankruptcy proceeding (including without limitation, any adversary proceeding, contested matter or motion brought by Bank or any other person) relating to Borrower or any other person or entity. (b) Collateral Exclusion. No lien or security interest created by or arising under any deed of trust, mortgage, security deed, or similar real estate collateral agreement (“Lien Document”) shall secure the Note Obligations unless such Lien Document specifically describes the promissory note(s), instrument(s) or agreement(s) evidencing Note Obligations as a part of the indebtedness secured thereby. This exclusion shall apply notwithstanding (i) the fact that such Lien Document may appear to secure the Note Obligations by virtue of a cross- collateralization provision or other provisions expanding the scope of the secured obligations, and (ii) whether such Lien Document was entered into prior to, concurrently with, or after the date hereof. As used herein, “Note Obligations” means any obligations under this Note, as amended, extended, renewed, refinanced, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, or under any other evidence of indebtedness that has been modified, renewed or extended in whole or in part by this Note, as amended, extended, renewed, refinanced, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (c) Obligations Joint and Several. Should more than one person or entity sign this Note as a Borrower, the obligations of each such Borrower shall be joint and several. (d) Governing Law. This Note shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of Colorado, but giving effect to federal laws applicable to national banks, without reference to the conflicts of law or choice of law principles thereof. (e) Effective Date. The effective date of this Note shall be the date that Bank has accepted this Note and all conditions to the effectiveness of the Credit Agreement have been fulfilled to Bank’s satisfaction. Notwithstanding the occurrence of the effective date of this Note, Bank shall not be obligated to extend credit under this Note until all conditions to each extension of credit set forth in the Credit Agreement have been fulfilled to Bank's satisfaction. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed this Note to be effective as of the effective date set forth herein. ROCKY MOUNTAIN CHOCOLATE FACTORY, INC. By: /s/ Bryan Merryman BRYAN MERRYMAN, CEO, CFO
hr	wikipedia	N/A	Alfons VI. Hrabri, izvorno: Alfonso el Bravo, (lipanj, 1040. – Toledo, 30. lipnja 1109.), bio je kralj Leóna od 1065. i Kastilje od 1072. godine. Osvajač U borbi s braćom preuzeo je svu baštinu svog oca Ferdinanda i tako sjedinio León s Kastiljom. Njegova se majka zvala Sanča. Godine 1085. zauzeo je Toledo, dotada pod vlašću Maura i proglasio ga glavnim gradom Kastilje. U tim se borbama istakao El Cid, kasnije junak brojnih legendi. Taj se događaj označava kao početak rekonkviste, ponovnog kršćanskog osvajanja Pirenejskog poluotoka. Namjesto muslimanske taife uspotavio je Toledsko Kraljevstvo. Alfons je oženio Ines, dok je sa ženom Izabelom imao kćer Elviru. Promicatelj tolerancije i učenosti U svojim zemljama snažno je promicao toleranciju i suživot kršćana, muslimana (maura) i Židova. Proglasio se "carem triju vjera" i uspostavio srdačne odnose sa seviljskim emirom. Poticao je trgovinu i međusobni kulturne utjecaje. Time je omogućeno prenošenje tekovina naprednije arapske kulture na zapad. U knjižnici u Toledu pronađeni su mnogi dragocjeni spisi; protivno ranijim običajima, sačuvali su ih, proučavali i prevodili. Više o tome: Pirinejski poluotok: Kulturno prožimanje i reakcija. Njegovi nasljednici, kao Alfons X. Mudri u XIII. st., usprkos stalnim ratovima nastavili su sličnu politiku kulturnog prožimanja. Jačanje fanatizma na obje strane učinilo je u XIV.-XV. st. ta nastojanja uzaludnim. Povijest Španjolske Španjolski monarsi
en	caselaw	US	2:19-cv-01194-JMC Date Filed 08/18/20 Entry Number 23 Page 1 of 4 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF SOUTH CAROLINA CHARLESTON DIVISION Carl Tony White, ) ) Civil Action No.: 2:19-cv-01194-JMC Plaintiff, ) ) v. ) ORDER ) ) Andrew M. Saul, Commissioner of Social ) Security Administration, ) ) Defendant. ) ____________________________________) This matter is before the court for review of the Magistrate Judge’s Report and Recommendation (“Report”) filed on June 26, 2020. (ECF No. 20.) The Report addresses Plaintiff Carl Tony White’s (“Plaintiff”) claim for Supplemental Security Income (“SSI”) and recommends that the court reverse the decision of the Commissioner of Social Security Administration (“the Commissioner”) and remand the matter for further administrative proceedings. (Id. at 15.) For the reasons stated herein, the court ACCEPTS the Report, REVERSES the decision of the Commissioner, and REMANDS the action for additional administrative proceedings. I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND The Report sets forth the relevant facts and legal standards, which this court incorporates herein without a full recitation. (Id. at 1-11.) As brief background, the Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”) determined Plaintiff was not disabled for purposes of the Social Security Act (“the Act”) and denied Plaintiff’s claim for SSI. (ECF No. 9-2 at 20.) Although the ALJ found Plaintiff has medically determinable impairments, including a “history of a fracture of the left tibia and fibula status post[-]surgical repair with no indication of complications; a history of Fournier’s gangrene; hypertension; and a history of alcohol abuse,” the ALJ concluded at step two that none of 1 2:19-cv-01194-JMC Date Filed 08/18/20 Entry Number 23 Page 2 of 4 Plaintiff’s impairments were severe. (Id. at 15.) Thereafter the Appeals Council (“the Council”) denied Plaintiff’s request for review. (Id. at 1.) Thus, the ALJ’s decision became the final decision of the Commissioner. (Id.) See also Meyer v. Astrue, 662 F.3d 700, 704 (4th Cir. 2011) (stating an ALJ’s decision was the final decision of the Commissioner when the Council denied a request for review); Higginbotham v. Barnhart, 405 F.3d 332, 336 (5th Cir. 2005) (holding the Commissioner’s “final decision” includes when the Council denies a request for review). Plaintiff filed the instant action on April 25, 2019. (ECF No. 1.) Subsequently, the Magistrate Judge issued the Report suggesting this case be reversed and remanded because the ALJ’s conclusion that Plaintiff had no severe impairments was unsupported by substantial evidence. (ECF No. 20 at 11.) Specifically, the Report found Plaintiff’s gangrene had more than a “minimal effect” on his ability to work, and the medical record in fact supported Plaintiff’s alleged limitations stemming from gangrene.1 (Id.) The Report similarly observed the ALJ did not adequately explain “how Plaintiff’s [leg] fracture” amounted to only a “minimal effect” on Plaintiff’s work ability. (Id. at 12.) Moreover, while the Report noted the ALJ properly disregarded Plaintiff’s claim that he required a cane to walk, the Report nonetheless emphasized the ALJ “did not otherwise explain how she discounted Plaintiff’s . . . subjective statements regarding his general difficulty standing and lifting due to his fracture.” (Id. at 13.) The Report then added that the assessment of severe impairments at “step [two] is typically not a difficult hurdle for the claimant to clear.” (Id. at 14 (internal marks omitted) (citing Albright v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 174 F.3d 473, 474 n.1 (4th Cir. 1999); Gaines v. Colvin, No. 0:14-cv-3363-PJG, 1 Plaintiff’s alleged limitations due to Fournier’s gangrene include that “(1) he can’t sit down a long time; (2) he has problems with leakage . . . when he stands and has been referred to a specialist to attempt to treat this issue; and (3) any heavy lifting would cause the opening in his skin to tear.” (ECF No. 20 at 11 (citation and internal marks omitted).) The Report notes that Fournier’s gangrene is an infection of the genitalia. (Id. at 6 fn. 1.) 2 2:19-cv-01194-JMC Date Filed 08/18/20 Entry Number 23 Page 3 of 4 2016 WL 680537, at 5 (D.S.C. Feb. 19, 2016); Killian v. Colvin, No. 8:12-cv-921-MGL, 2013 WL 4853879, at 12 (D.S.C. Sept. 10, 2013)).) Ultimately, the Report concluded the case should be remanded with instructions that the ALJ continue her evaluation of Plaintiff’s alleged disability beyond the assessment of severe impairments at step two. (ECF No. 20 at 14-15.) On June 26, 2020, the parties were apprised of their opportunity to file specific objections to the Report. (Id. at 17.) On June 30, 2020, the Commissioner informed the court he would not offer objections. (ECF No. 21.) Plaintiff has similarly not objected to the Report. II. STANDARD OF REVIEW The Magistrate Judge’s Report is made in accordance with 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1) and Local Civil Rule 73.02 for the District of South Carolina. The Magistrate Judge only makes a recommendation to this court, and the recommendation has no presumptive weight. See Mathews v. Weber, 423 U.S. 261, 270-71 (1976). The responsibility to make a final determination remains with the court. Id. at 271. As such, the court is charged with making de novo determinations of those portions of the Report and Recommendation to which specific objections are made. See 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1); see also FED. R. CIV. P. 72(b)(3). If no party offers specific objections to the Magistrate Judge’s Report, the court is not required to give any explanation for adopting the Report. See Camby v. Davis, 718 F.2d 198, 199 (4th Cir. 1983). Rather, “in the absence of a timely filed objection, a district court need not conduct a de novo review, but instead must only satisfy itself that there is no clear error on the face of the record in order to accept the recommendation.” Diamond v. Colonial Life & Acc. Ins. Co., 416 F.3d 310, 315 (4th Cir. 2005) (emphasis added) (quoting FED. R. CIV. P. 72 advisory committee’s note). Furthermore, a failure to file specific, written objections to the Report results in a party’s waiver of the right to appeal from the judgment 3 2:19-cv-01194-JMC Date Filed 08/18/20 Entry Number 23 Page 4 of 4 of the court based upon such recommendation. 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). Thus, the court may accept, reject, or modify, in whole or in part, the Magistrate Judge’s recommendation or recommit the matter with instructions. Id. III. DISCUSSION Here, the court has carefully examined the findings of the Report and concludes the ALJ’s decision was not supported by substantial evidence. (ECF No. 20 at 6-16.) The Commissioner notified the Court he will not file objections (ECF No. 21) and Plaintiff has likewise offered no objections. The court discerns no clear error on the face of the Report. Accordingly, the court adopts the Report herein. IV. CONCLUSION After a thorough review of the Report and the record in this case, the court ACCEPTS the Magistrate Judge’s Report and Recommendation (ECF No. 20) and incorporates it herein. Therefore, the decision of the Commissioner of Social Security Administration is REVERSED, and this case is REMANDED for further administrative action pursuant to sentence four of 42 U.S.C. § 405(g). IT IS SO ORDERED. United States District Judge August 18, 2020 Columbia, South Carolina 4
nl	wikipedia	N/A	Erwin Friedrich Maximilian Piscator (Ulm, nu: Greifenstein, 17 december 1893 – Starnberg, 30 maart 1966) was een Duitse toneelregisseur en theaterproducent. Hij was samen met Bertolt Brecht een van de meest vooraanstaande exponenten van het episch theater, waarin veelal de sociale en politieke stellingname op de voorgrond staat. Ten tijde van de Weimarrepubliek behoorde hij tot de avant-garde van het toneel en onderzocht uitgebreid de nieuwe mogelijkheden van de theatertechniek, zoals filmprojecties en bewegende decorstukken. Tussen 1927 en 1931 dreef hij in Berlijn drie theaters die als Piscator-Bühnen aangeduid werden. Hier maakte hij politiek theater dat bij het publiek wisselende reacties teweegbracht en veel discussie losmaakte. Hij moest vanwege de nazi-dictatuur voor en tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog uitwijken naar het buitenland en reisde naar Rusland, Frankrijk en ten slotte naar de Verenigde Staten. In de jaren 50 keerde hij terug naar Duitsland en deed met theaterstukken die het nog recente nazi-verleden als thema actualiseerden opnieuw van zich spreken. Zijn oeuvre omvat naast theaterproducties ook speelfilms, hoorspelen en geschriften. Levensloop Jeugd en Eerste Wereldoorlog Piscators vader was zakenman en een ver familielid van Johannes Piscator (1546 – 1625), een protestantse theoloog die in 1600 een belangrijke Bijbelvertaling had uitgebracht. In Marburg bezocht Piscator het Gymnasium Philippinum, waarna hij studeerde aan de Ludwig Maximilians-Universiteit in München (Duits, filosofie en kunstgeschiedenis). Hij volgde bij Arthur Kutscher, een van de grondleggers van de theaterwetenschap, hetzelfde college over de geschiedenis van het theater als later Bertolt Brecht zou doen. In 1914 begon hij met toneelspelen in een kleine onbezoldigde rol onder Ernst von Possart aan de Hofbühne in München, dat sedert 1896 als een van de eerste theaters was uitgerust met een draaibaar podium. Tijdens de Eerste Wereldoorlog deed hij vanaf 1915 dienst aan het westelijk front en ontwikkelde hij een sterke afkeer van militarisme en oorlogsvoering, die hij de rest van zijn leven zou behouden. In 1915 en 1916 publiceerde hij naar aanleiding van zijn ervaringen enkele bittere gedichten in het expressionistische literaire tijdschrift Die Aktion. Na veldslagen en een ziekenhuisopname werd hij ingedeeld bij een toneelgroep van het leger. In 1918, toen de wapenstilstand was getekend, hield hij in Hasselt een toespraak voor een nieuw comité van revolutionaire soldaten. In 1919 trad hij in het huwelijk met de schrijfster en actrice Hildegard Jurczyk. Eerste successen tijdens de Weimarrepubliek Na de oorlog vestigde hij zich in Berlijn en vervolgde zijn studies aan de Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, en maakte deel uit van de groep dadaïsten rondom George Grosz en John Heartfield. Na de Novemberrevolutie sloot hij zich aan bij de Communistische Partij. Met de schrijver Hans Rehfisch richtte hij in Berlijn het 'Proletarisch Volkstoneel' op in een theater aan de Alte Jacobsstrasse, dat met de Volksbühne ging concurreren. Hier werden in 1920-21 werken opgevoerd van Maksim Gorki, Romain Rolland en Leo Tolstoj. Van 1924 tot 1927 was hij intendant aan de Volksbühne en daarna van zijn eigen Piscator-Bühne, gevestigd in het voormalige Neues Schauspielhaus aan de Nollendorfplatz. Hier maakte hij politiek propagandatheater, dat met uitbundige speciale effecten de belangstelling van het publiek wekte. In 1926 bracht hij in het Preußisches Staatstheater een gemoderniseerde versie van Friedrich Schillers Die Räuber, die controverse opriep vanwege de radicale aanpassing. Aan het eind van het stuk was bijvoorbeeld de Internationale te horen. Ook ensceneerde hij in 1928 een bewerking van De lotgevallen van de brave soldaat Švejk van Jaroslav Hašek. Door Bertold Brecht, die hierbij betrokken was, werd deze productie later omschreven als een montage van de roman. In 1929 publiceerde Piscator zijn theorie van het episch theater: Das politische Theater. Het werk belicht de grondslagen van het politieke theater, die volgens hem in die tijd nog steeds onvoldoende begrepen werden. In 1930 werd het manifest vertaald in het Spaans en het jaar daarop in het Japans, waarop nog vele vertalingen volgden. Het origineel werd in 1962 heruitgegeven. In 1931 moest de derde Piscator-Bühne sluiten wegens financiële problemen na de beurskrach van 1929. Zijn eerste huwelijk was in 1930 in wederzijdse overleg ontbonden en Piscator week uit naar Rusland. Daar werkte hij tot 1934 voor de productiemaatschappij Meschrabpom aan de enige speelfilm die hij ooit produceerde, Der Aufstand der Fischer, naar een roman van Anna Seghers. Dit was een vroege geluidsfilm, waarin een dramatische confrontatie van stakende vissers met militaire machthebbers wordt uitgebeeld. Piscator gebruikte voor deze film een bewegende camera, hetgeen door Sergej Eisenstein werd verworpen. Hoewel hij in 1935 een aanbod kreeg van Joseph Goebbels om weer in Berlijn te komen werken, verhuisde hij naar Frankrijk, nadat hij wegens 'trotskisme' was verhoord door de Stalinistische autoriteiten. In 1937 trad hij in Parijs in het huwelijk met de welgestelde en hoogopgeleide danseres Maria Ley, waarbij Berthold Brecht getuige was. In 1939 vestigden zij zich in New York, waar hij een cursus voor theater inrichtte aan de The New School for Social Research. De colleges in zijn Dramatic Workshop werden bijgewoond door personen als Beatrice Arthur, Harry Belafonte, Marlon Brando, Tony Curtis, Walter Matthau, Rod Steiger, Elaine Stritch en Tennessee Williams. Onder de medewerkers waren Stella Adler, Erich Leinsdorf, Lee Strasberg en Carl Zuckmayer. Na de Tweede Wereldoorlog Na de Tweede Wereldoorlog week Piscator in 1951 uit voor het mccarthyisme en keerde terug naar Duitsland, terwijl zijn vrouw in Amerika bleef wonen. Hij hield aanvankelijk zijn hoofd boven water door in verschillende theaters als gastintendant te werken. In 1953 ontving hij de Goethe-Plakette van het Hessische ministerie voor wetenschap en kunst. In 1956 was hij mede-oprichter en voorzitter van de Deutsche Akademie der Darstellenden Künste. In 1958 ontving hij, ter gelegenheid van zijn 65e verjaardag, het Grote kruis van verdienste. Vanaf 1962 tot zijn overlijden was hij artistiek leider van de Freie Volksbühne Berlin, waar hij opnieuw controversiële stukken produceerde, zoals Der Stellvertreter naar Rolf Hochhuth, over de rol van de katholieke kerk onder paus Pius XII ten tijde van de Holocaust. Het volgende stuk, Die Ermittlung, naar een werk van Peter Weiss met muziek van Luigi Nono, behandelde de eerste Auschwitzprocessen. Het werd aanvankelijk opgevoerd in veertien Duitse theaters en in Londen, en daarna ook in Amsterdam, Moskou, New York, Praag, Stockholm en Warschau. Tijdens de voorbereidingen van zijn laatste project, Der Aufstand der Offiziere, naar Hans Hellmut Kirst, werd hij door ziekte getroffen, waarna hij in 1966 overleed in een sanatorium aan de Starnberger See. Zijn lichaam werd bijgezet in een eregraf op de begraafplaats Waldfriedhof Zehlendorf in Berlijn. Zijn erfenis werd in ere gehouden door Maria Ley, die na zijn vertrek uit New York de Dramatic Workshop had voortgezet en na zijn overlijden de Erwin-Piscatorstichting oprichtte. Resonantie Zijn theaterbewerking van Oorlog en Vrede van Lev Tolstoj werd sinds 1955 in vijftien verschillende landen opgevoerd. Het stadhuistheater van Marburg werd in 1969 'Erwin-Piscator-Haus' gedoopt. Het gebouw wordt tussen 2013 en 2015 grootscheeps gemoderniseerd. De beeldhouwer Hermann zur Strassen maakte een portretbuste van hem voor het Schillertheater in 1958-59. In Catania in Sicilië werd in 1972 een theater naar hem genoemd. De Schot Eduardo Paolozzi maakte in 1980 een beeld als hommage aan Erwin Piscator dat geplaatst werd bij het Station London Euston in Engeland. In New York wordt sinds 1986 een jaarlijkse Piscator-prijs uitgereikt ter herinnering aan hem en zijn (tweede) echtegenote Maria Ley (1898 – 1999). Zijn streven naar politiek en spectaculair totaaltheater was van invloed op latere generaties, die nu vrij algemeen gebruikmaken van multimedia voor dramatische effecten en soms zelfs het klassieke podium willen afschaffen, zoals de groep Living Theatre. Afbeeldingen Theaterproducties 1924: Alfons Paquet, Fahnen (Volksbühne Berlijn, 26 mei 1924) 1924: Revue Roter Rummel (Berliner Säle, 22 november 1924) 1925: Trotz alledem! Historische Revue (Großes Schauspielhaus Berlijn, 12 juli 1925) 1926: Alfons Paquet, Sturmflut (Volksbühne, 20 februari 1926) 1926: Friedrich Schiller, Die Räuber (Preußisches Staatstheater Berlin, 11 september 1926) 1927: Ehm Welk, Gewitter über Gottland (Volksbühne, 23 maart 1927) 1927: Ernst Toller, Hoppla, wir leben (Piscator-Bühne Berlijn, 3 september 1927) 1927: Leo Tolstoj en Pawel Schtschegolew, Rasputin, die Romanows, der Krieg und das Volk, das gegen sie aufstand (Piscator-Bühne, 12 november 1927) 1928: Max Brod en Hans Reimann, Die Abenteuer des braven Soldaten Schwejk (Piscator-Bühne, 23 januari 1928) 1928: Leo Lania, Konjunktur (Piscator-Bühne im Lessingtheater (Berlijn), 8 april 1928) 1929: Walter Mehring, Der Kaufmann von Berlin (Zweite Piscator-Bühne, 6 september 1929) 1942: Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Nathan the Wise (Belasco Theatre, Broadway, april 1942) 1944: Irving Kaye Davis, The Last Stop (Ethel Barrymore Theatre, Broadway, september 1944) 1952: Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Nathan der Weise (Schauspielhaus Marburg, 14 mei 1952) 1954: Arthur Miller, Hexenjagd (Nationaltheater Mannheim, 20 september 1954) 1955: Lev Tolstoj, Krieg und Frieden (Schillertheater Berlijn, 20 maart 1955) 1957: Friedrich Schiller, Die Räuber (Nationaltheater Mannheim, 13 januari 1957) 1962: Bertolt Brecht, Flüchtlingsgespräche (Münchner Kammerspiele, premiere: 15 februari 1962) 1962: Gerhart Hauptmann, Atriden-Tetralogie (Theater am Kurfürstendamm, 7 oktober 1962) 1963: Rolf Hochhuth, Der Stellvertreter (Theater am Kurfürstendamm, 20 februari 1963) 1963: Romain Rolland Robespierre (Freie Volksbühne Berlijn, 1 mei 1963) 1964: Heinar Kipphardt, In der Sache J. Robert Oppenheimer (Freie Volksbühne Berlin, 11 oktober 1964) 1965: Peter Weiss, Die Ermittlung (Freie Volksbühne Berlijn, 19 oktober 1965) Film, televisie en hoorspelen films Der Aufstand der Fische, naar: Anna Seghers (UdSSR: Meschrabpom 1934) Im Räderwerk, naar: Jean-Paul Sartre (Hessischer Rundfunk, 1956) hoorspelen Heimkehr, naar: Ilse Langner (Nordwestdeutscher Rundfunk, 1953) Gas, naar: Georg Kaiser (Hessischer Rundfunk, 1958) Göttinger Kantate, naar: Günther Weisenborn (Süddeutscher Rundfunk, 1958) Der Stellvertreter, naar: Rolf Hochhuth (Hessischer Rundfunk, 1963) tv-documentaires over Piscator Ein Mann namens Pis, regie: Rosa von Praunheim, 1991 Porträt des berühmten Theaterregisseurs Erwin Piscator, regie: Ulf Kalkreuth, ORB, Potsdam 1993 Der Revolutionär – Erwin Piscator auf der Weltbühne. regie: Barbara Frankenstein, Rainer K.G. Ott, SFB, Berlin 1988 Weltbühne Berlin – die zwanziger Jahre, regie: Irmgard v.z. Mühlen. Chronos, Berlin 1991 Literatuur geschriften Peter Diezel (uitg.): Erwin Piscator : Briefe (3-delig), Berlijn 2005, 2009, 2011 Erwin Piscator: Das Politische Theater, bew.: Felix Gasbarra, voorw.; Wolfgang Drews, Reinbek 1963 (Berlijn 1929) Ludwig Hoffmann (uitg.): Erwin Piscator : Theater, Film, Politik. Ausgewählte Schriften, Berlijn 1980 Manfred Brauneck, Peter Stertz, (uitg.): Erwin Piscator - Zeittheater. Das politische Theater und weitere Schriften 1915–1966, Reinbek 1986 Erwin Piscator, Alfred Neumann en Guntram Prüfer: Krieg und Frieden; naar de roman van Leo Tolstoj, Hamburg 1955 over hem Erwin Piscator. Le théâtre politique 1920-1966 (Exposition). Het politiek teater 1920-1966 (Tentoonstelling). The political theater 1920-1966 (Exhibition). Ecole nationale superieure d'architecture et des arts visuels, Hotel van de Velde, Bruxelles, 24.9.-24.10.1972. Archives d'Architecture Moderne, Brussel 1972. Maria Ley Piscator: Der Tanz im Spiegel, Mein Leben mit Erwin Piscator, Reinbek 1989 Ullrich Amlung (uitg.): „Leben – ist immer ein Anfang!“ Erwin Piscator 1893–1966 .., Marburg 1993 Knut Boeser, Renata Vatková (uitg.): Erwin Piscator - Eine Arbeitsbiographie in 2 Bänden, Berlijn 1986 Heinrich Goertz: Erwin Piscator in Selbstzeugnissen und Bilddokumenten. Reinbek 1974 Hermann Haarmann: Erwin Piscator und die Schicksale der Berliner Dramaturgie, München 1991 Peter Jung: Erwin Piscator. Das politische Theater. Ein Kommentar, Berlijn 2007 John Willett: Erwin Piscator. Die Eröffnung des politischen Zeitalters auf dem Theater, Frankfurt am Main 1982 Externe link Biografie bij erwin-piscator.de Cultuur in Berlijn Piscator, Erwin
de	wikipedia	N/A	Franco Caracciolo (* 29. März 1920 in Bari; † 28. September 1999 in Neapel) war ein italienischer Dirigent. Leben und Werk Franco Caracciolo studierte am Conservatorio di Musica San Pietro a Majella in Neapel Klavier und Komposition. 1944 begann er sein öffentliches Wirken als Dirigent. Von 1949 bis 1964 wirkte er als Leiter des Orchestra Alessandro Scarlatti in Neapel. Von 1964 bis 1971 war er ständiger Dirigent des Symphonieorchester der RAI in Mailand. Von 1971 bis 1987 leitete er wieder das Orchestra Alessandro Scarlatti in Neapel. Literatur Caracciolo.Franco In: Weblinks Einzelnachweise Dirigent Radiotelevisione Italiana Italiener Geboren 1920 Gestorben 1999 Mann
de	wikipedia	N/A	Waukesha Engines wurde 1906 in Waukesha gegründet und ist heute ein Advent International gehörender Hersteller großer, stationärer Gasmotoren. Früher baute man auch kleinere Motoren, unter anderem für Automobile, Nutzfahrzeuge und Traktoren. Unternehmensgeschichte Das Unternehmen wurde 1906 als Blue Front Garage von Harry L. Horning und Fred Ahrens gegründet, die zuvor als Chefingenieur und Mechaniker bei der Modern Steel Structural Company angestellt waren. In ihrer Freizeit hatten sie den Motor der Yacht ihres Chefs repariert und kamen so auf die Idee, einen eigenen Motor zu entwickeln. Bis dieser marktreif war, reparierten, pflegten und lagerten sie Kundenfahrzeuge in ihrem Betrieb an der North Street. Mit dem Bauern Allan Stebbins aus Wales fand sich auch ein Investor und das Unternehmen wurde als Waukesha Motor Company neu organisiert. Zunächst wurden Bootsmotoren hergestellt, die sich bei den Bootsbesitzern auf dem Lake Geneva bald einiger Beliebtheit erfreuten. Zwischen 1906 und 1910 baute Horning auf Bestellung und nach Kundenspezifikation nebenbei eine sehr kleine Anzahl von Automobilen der Marke Waukesha, natürlich mit eigenen Motoren. Dies wurde mit steigendem Auftragsvolumen im Motorenbau eingestellt. Bereits 1908 hatte die Stadt Chicago einen Waukesha-Motor für ein Feuerwehrfahrzeug erworben. Eine ganze Reihe von Automobil- und Nutzfahrzeugherstellern verwendeten in der Folge Waukesha-Motoren. Bald wurden die vorhandenen Anlagen zu klein ein Neubau wurde an der West St. Paul Avenue errichtet. 1916 warb Waukesha für großvolumige Traktormotoren von (Bohrung × Hub) 31⁄3 Zoll × 53⁄4 Zoll, ergebend einen Hubraum von 383.9 c.i. (6291 cm3) bis 43⁄4 Zoll × 63⁄4 Zoll ergebend einen Hubraum von 1098.7 c.i. (18.004 cm3). Liberty-Lkw Ab 1917 beteiligte sich Waukesha als einer von mehreren Motorenlieferanten am Liberty-truck-Programm der US-Regierung. Der Liberty-Armeelastwagen wurde nach Spezifikationen des US-Militärs von zahlreichen Nutzfahrzeugherstellern gebaut; Zweck war es, den soeben in den Ersten Weltkrieg eingetretenen USA und deren Verbündeten möglichst schnell möglichst viele Fahrzeuge zur Verfügung zu stellen. Hersteller von Liberty-Lkw (Auswahl) Insgesamt bauten 15 US-Hersteller solche Militärlastwagen, die das Rückgrat der US-Armee bildeten. Selden-Hahn Motor Truck Corporation, Rochester (New York) Pierce-Arrow Motor Car Company, Buffalo (New York) Republic Motor Truck Company, Alma (Michigan) Bethlehem Motor Truck Company, Allentown (Pennsylvania) Diamond T, Chicago (Illinois) Brockway Motor Trucks, Cortland (New York) Sterling Trucks, Redford Township (Mississippi) White Motor Company, Cleveland (Ohio) Zweiter Weltkrieg Waukesha belieferte auch im Zweiten Weltkrieg die US-Armee mit Motoren in sehr großer Stückzahl. Geschichte nach 1945 1957 wurde Climax Engineering Company in Clinton übernommen, ebenfalls ein Hersteller großer Motoren. 1973 wurde das Unternehmen an die 1955 in Tulsa gegründete Arrow Engine Company verkauft. 1959 warb Waukesha damit, 3,5 Millionen Pferdestärken produziert zu haben. Im Angebot waren Diesel-, Benzin-, Kerosin- und Alkoholmotoren. 1968 wurde Waukesha Engines von Bangor Punta aufgekauft. 1974 erwarb Dresser Industries das Unternehmen und gliederte es als Waukesha Engine Division in den Konzern ein. 1989 wurde der niederländische Motorenhersteller Brons Industrie N.V. übernommen. 2010 wurde Waukesha Engines (damals Dresser Waukesha genannt) von General Electric (GE) übernommen. Nach einer Konzernumbildung 2012 wurde das Werk der GE Power & Water angegliedert. Im September 2015 kündigte GE an, die Produktion von Verbrennungsmotoren nach Kanada auszulagern und das Werk in Waukesha stillzulegen, was dort den Verlust von 350 Arbeitsplätzen zur Folge hatte. Die Schließung stand in Zusammenhang mit dem politischen Konflikt um die Export-Import Bank of the United States, welche Exportrisikogarantien für US-Firmen bereitstellte. 2018 wurde GE Waukesha an die Finanzfirma Advent International verkauft. Gemeinsam mit der ebenfalls verkauften Firma GE Jenbacher wird Waukesha seit November 2018 unter der Dachmarke Innio geführt. Fahrzeuge mit Waukesha-Motoren (Auswahl) Personenwagen Crosley Motors, Marion (Indiana) (Type 150, seitengesteuerter Zweizylinder-Boxermotor) 1939–1942 Fawick, Sioux Falls (South Dakota) und Silent Sioux; wenige Exemplare mit 40 HP Vierzylinder; 1908–1912. Multiplex, Berwick (Pennsylvania); Luxuswagen mit 50 bhp Vierzylinder; nur 1912–1913. Pratt-Elkhart, Elkhart (Indiana); Vierzylinder mit 269 c.i. (4,4 Liter) für 30-35 HP 1910 und Forty 1911; KU4, 302 c.i. (4,9 Liter) für Forty 1912–1913; 366 c.i. (6,0 Liter) für Fifty, 1913–1915 Waukesha, Waukesha (Wisconsin); 1906–1910 Nutzfahrzeuge Acason Motor Truck Company, Detroit (Michigan); Waukesha-Motoren 1915–1925 Bethlehem Motor Truck Company, Allentown (Pennsylvania) Chase Motor Truck Company, Syracuse (New York) 1906–1921; Waukesha-Motoren 1915–1919 in Lkw und Traktoren. Columbia Coach Works, Los Angeles (Kalifornien); Überlandbusse; Nachfolger von Pickwick Euclid Trucks, Ohio Fageol, Oakland (California); Lkw, Pkw, Karosserien; wurde 1939 zu Peterbilt. Gefertigt wurden Motoren mit paarweise gegossenen Zylindern („twin cast“) und in Monobloc-Bauweise Farmer Boy (USA, Columbus (Ohio) 1915–1920) Maytag Corporation, Des Moines (Iowa); Traktoren (nur 1916) Moreland Motor Truck Company, Burbank (Los Angeles County) (Kalifornien) Mowag Ortsdienstwagen (Schweiz, Kreuzlingen TG) Pickwick Motor Coaches (USA, El Segundo, Inglewood, Los Angeles (Kalifornien); Überlandbusse) Andere frühe US-amerikanische Fahrzeugmotorenhersteller (Auswahl) Buda Engine Co., Harvey (Illinois) Buffalo Gasoline Motor Company, Buffalo (New York) Briggs & Stratton, Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Continental Motors Company, Foos Gas Engine Company, Springfield (Ohio) Herschell-Spillman, North Tonawanda (New York) Lycoming Foundry and Machine Company, Williamsport (Pennsylvania) Wisconsin Motor Manufacturing Company, Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Literatur Beverly Rae Kimes, Henry Austin Clark jr.: Standard Catalog of American Cars 1805–1942. Krause Publications, Iola WI 1985, ISBN 0-87341-045-9. Beverly Rae Kimes (Hrsg.); Henry Austin Clark jr.: Standard Catalogue of American Cars 1805–1942. 3. Auflage. Krause Publications, Iola WI 1996, ISBN 0-87341-428-4. (englisch) John Gunnell (Hrsg.): Standard Catalogue of American Cars 1946–1975. 4. überarbeitete Auflage. Krause Publications, Iola WI 2002, ISBN 0-87349-461-X (englisch, CD-Rom/PDF) Don Butler: Auburn Cord Duesenberg. (Crestline Series). Crestline Publishing, 1992, ISBN 0-87938-701-7. (englisch) Charles H. Wendel: Standard Catalog of Farm Tractors 1890–1980, Krause Publications, Iola WI, 2. Auflage (2005); ISBN 0-87349-726-0; ISBN 978-0-87349-726-8; Softcover (englisch) Weblinks Waukesha Gasmotoren auf der Website von Innio coachbuilt.com: Pickwick Motor Coaches (englisch) (abgerufen am 8. Juli 2014) Waukesha Engine Historical Society: The Waukesha/Climax Connection (englisch) (abgerufen am 21. Juli 2015) William S. Locke: Elcar and Pratt Automobiles. The Complete Story. (Auszug; englisch) (abgerufen am 26. Januar 2018) coachbuilt.com: Columbia Coach Works (englisch) (abgerufen am 8. Juli 2014) coachbuilt.com: Fageol (englisch) (abgerufen am 8. Juli 2014) Einzelnachweise Motorenhersteller Ehemaliger Pkw-Hersteller (Wisconsin) Waukesha Unternehmen (Waukesha County)
pt	wikipedia	N/A	O caixeiro-viajante é o mercador ambulante que vende produtos fora das regiões onde eles são produzidos, isto é, que percorre as ruas e estradas a vender seus produtos, principalmente manufaturados. Uma antiga profissão, tornou-se fundamental em uma época em que não havia facilidade do transporte entre cidades; os caixeiros-viajantes eram então a única forma de transportar produtos entre diferentes regiões fora das grandes cidades. No Brasil, esse profissional, sobretudo aqueles que vendem seus produtos de "porta a porta", também é conhecido como mascate (do árabe el-matrac), uma referência aos portugueses que, auxiliados pelos libaneses cristãos, tomaram a cidade de Mascate (no atual Omã), em 1507, e a adentraram comercializando mercadorias. Em um período posterior, devido à associação da atividade com imigrantes árabes no Brasil, esses profissional também ganhou outras nomenclaturas regionais, como turco da prestação. Origem e atividade Embora o vocábulo seja utilizado em Portugal com o mesmo significado, o nome "mascate" ficou sempre associado à imigração árabe no Brasil, resultante do grande contingente de imigrantes proveniente do Líbano e da Síria que se dedicaram a esta actividade. Em menor número chegaram também ao Brasil imigrantes de outros pontos do antigo Império Otomano, como Turquia, Palestina, Egito, Jordânia e Iraque. Como tinham sotaque eram nomeados “turcos da prestação”, pois naquela época o Império Turco-Otomano controlava boa parte do Oriente Médio. Como os imigrantes destes países vinham com a nacionalidade turca em seus documentos, ficaram conhecidos popularmente por este nome. A mascateação introduziu inovações que, hoje são traços marcantes do comércio popular, como as práticas da alta rotatividade e alta quantidade de mercadorias vendidas, das promoções e das liquidações. Inicialmente os mascates visitavam as cidades interior e as fazendas de café, levando apenas miudezas e bijuterias. Com o tempo e o aumento do capital, começaram também a oferecer tecidos, roupas prontas e outros artigos. Mascates no Recife Mascate foi também a alcunha depreciativa dada antigamente aos portugueses do Recife pelos portugueses de Olinda, de onde se originou o nome à Guerra dos Mascates, iniciada em 1710, em Pernambuco. No Recife, após a invasão holandesa, muitos comerciantes vindos de Portugal - chamados pejorativamente de "mascates" - estabelecem-se no Recife, trazendo prosperidade à vila. O desenvolvimento do Recife foi visto com desconfiança pelos olindenses, em grande parte formada por senhores de engenho em dificuldades econômicas. O conflito de interesses políticos e econômicos entre a nobreza açucareira pernambucana e os novos burgueses deu origem à Guerra dos Mascates (1710-1711), durante a qual o Recife foi palco de combates e cercos. Musterreiter O caixeiro-viajante nas zonas bilíngues de alemão-português (ver Riograndenser Hunsrückisch) do sul do Brasil era reconhecido, em alemão, pelo nome de (der) Musterreiter. Ver também Vendedor Comércio Problema do caixeiro-viajante, problema matemático associado a complexidade computacional. A Morte do Caixeiro-viajante, peça teatral de Arthur Miller escrita em 1949. Bibliografia Fausto, Boris, "Fazer a América: a imigração em massa para a América Latina", p. 321-p. 343 Edusp, 1999, ISBN 8531404843 Goulart, José Alípio, "O mascate no Brasil", Conquista, 1967 Campos, Mintaha Alcuri, "Turco pobre, Sírio remediado, libanês rico: a trajetória do imigrante libanês no Espírito Santo (1910/1940)", Instituto Jones dos Santos Neves, 1987 MacLachlan, Colin M., "A history of modern Brazil: the past against the future", Rowman & Littlefield, 2003, ISBN 0842051236 Ligações externas Profissões Comércio ambulante en:Traveling salesman
de	wikipedia	N/A	Die Island Games 2007 waren die zwölfte Auflage der Spiele. Sie fanden vom 30. Juni bis zum 6. Juli 2007 auf Rhodos statt. Es nahmen 2343 Athleten teil, was zusammen mit den 25 teilnehmenden Inseln einen neuen Rekord darstellte. Teilnehmende Inseln Menorca nahm zum ersten Mal teil, Prince Edward Island zum letzten Mal. Sportarten Medaillenspiegel Jersey gewann somit zum fünften Mal die Medaillenwertung. Weblinks Rhodos 2007 (englisch, griechisch) Island Games 2007 (englisch) Sportveranstaltung 2007 Island Games Sportveranstaltung in Rhodos
it	wikipedia	N/A	Fotografa di fama internazionale, è famosa soprattutto per le sue riproduzioni di opere architettoniche. I suoi lavori sono stati esposti in diversi musei negli Stati Uniti, in Giappone e in Europa (Grecia, Danimarca, Finlandia ma non solo). Biografia Nata a Tel Aviv, ha tuttavia studiato al Goldsmiths College (Università di Londra, in Gran Bretagna). Nel 2000 ha ricevuto il Fulbright Artist Award per i suoi scatti del mondo dell'architettura, dopo aver speso un anno come Visiting scholar alla Columbia University (New York, corso di Architettura e Pianificazione). Nel 2002 riceve, dopo una serie di scatti dal tema "l'architettura giapponese contemporanea in vetro", il Japan Foundation Artist Fellowship. Sempre nel 2002 passa un periodo - con il medesimo status di visiting scholar - alla Waseda University di Tokyo. Nel 2004 viene premiata dalla Graham Foundation (Chicago), per l'esibizione itinerante "Reflected Transparency: Contemporary Architects Working in Glass" curata da Botond Bognar. Dal 1992 al 2002 ha lavorato nel campo della fotografia "archeologica", principalmente come specialista in "fotografie nei funerali d'epoca" per famosi musei europei come il British Museum, la National Gallery (entrambi a Londra), il Museo archeologico di Napoli, il Museo archeologico di Izmir ed altri vari musei in Grecia. Nel 1998 molti suoi lavori cominciarono ad essere pubblicati in vari libri e periodici come Casabella, 2G, Quaderns, Harvard Design Magazine e Bauwelt. Dal 2003 ricopre il ruolo di professore associato di "Fotografia dell'architettura" alla scuola di Architettura e Pianificazione della Columbia University, New York. Attualmente sta lavorando per tre monografie: "Scandinavian Contemporary Architecture", "South American Contemporary Architecture" e "the architecture firm Smith Miller & Hawkinson" negli Stati Uniti. La sua monografia “Landscape as Architecture”, una collezione di lavori selezionati di 35 architetti di tutto il mondo che si avvale della collaborazione di figure accademiche importanti come Juhani Pallasmaa, Kenneth Frampton, Alessio Assonitis, Dimitris Filippidis, Jilly Traganou, Roland Hagenberg, è stata pubblicata dalla Columbia University Press nel Novembre 2010. Note Bibliografia In Extremis: Landscape into Architecture, Columbia Univ Graduate School, 2011 ISBN 9781883584672 Collegamenti esterni
en	other	N/A	Toyota Techstream Multiversion Pack 07.00.020-11.10.034-Win » Freshrls.co \| Hot Scene Access Freshrls.co » Software » Toyota Techstream Multiversion Pack 07.00.020-11.10.034-Win Sign up now! Toyota Techstream Multiversion Pack v07.00.020-v11.10.034 \| 2.42 GBThe Toyota Techstream software enables you to diagnose all systems of engines, ABS's, Airbag, Transmission, etc. Make Diagnostic via CAN 50 times faster than conventional equipment.Homepage-https://techinfo.toyota.comRequirements:- O.S.: Windows XP; Windows Vista; Windows 7; Windows 8; Windows 8.1, ; Windows 10- CPU: Pentium/Athlon 2 GHz or higher- RAM: 512 MB of system memory- Hard Drive: 1 GB of available space- Compatible devices: Toyota MINI VCI cable, Xhorse MVCI cable- DVD-ROMDOWNLOAD LINKS:Download From Rapidgator.nethttp://rapidgator.net/file/27f21f9b516daeb7ca4fd2cd26af126f/gldqn.Toyota.Techstream.Multiversion.Pack.v07.00.020v11.10.034.part1.rar.htmlhttp://rapidgator.net/file/f0ce8728af3b38648ec214af6a7e9bc6/gldqn.Toyota.Techstream.Multiversion.Pack.v07.00.020v11.10.034.part2.rar.htmlhttp://rapidgator.net/file/006a8d39cec9fadf5f452f9d7d10875b/gldqn.Toyota.Techstream.Multiversion.Pack.v07.00.020v11.10.034.part3.rar.htmlDownload From Nitroflare.comhttp://nitroflare.com/view/67BA7AFCD6931AE/gldqn.Toyota.Techstream.Multiversion.Pack.v07.00.020v11.10.034.part1.rarhttp://nitroflare.com/view/404DCC498B42184/gldqn.Toyota.Techstream.Multiversion.Pack.v07.00.020v11.10.034.part2.rarhttp://nitroflare.com/view/F19313B96027C41/gldqn.Toyota.Techstream.Multiversion.Pack.v07.00.020v11.10.034.part3.rar Alternate Link for Toyota Techstream Multiversion Pack 07.00.020-11.10.034-Win.rar When above links are dead kenn on 20-05-2016, 18:54 Related Post with Toyota Techstream Multiversion Pack 07.00.020-11.10.034-Win
en	contracts	US	EXHIBIT 10.17 FIRST LOAN MODIFICATION AGREEMENT This First Loan Modification Agreement (“First Modification”) modifies the Credit Agreement dated February 11, 2013 (“Agreement”), regarding a revolving line of credit in the maximum principal amount of $35,000,000 (the “Loan”), executed by Blue Nile, Inc. ("Borrower") and U.S. Bank National Association ("Lender"). Terms used in this First Modification and defined in the Agreement shall have the meaning given to such terms in the Agreement. For mutual consideration, Borrower and Lender agree to amend the Agreement as follows: 1.Credit Limit. Section 1.5 of the Agreement is modified to increase the Credit Limit to $40,000,000. 2.Accordion Provision. Borrower may with written notice to Lender in the form of Exhibit A attached request Lender to increase the Credit Limit to up to $50,000,000. The increase shall be made in Lender’s sole discretion, subject to Lender’s credit review process. If the increase is agreed to by Lender, and so long as no Default has occurred and is then continuing, the Credit Limit shall automatically be deemed increased to the amount requested, by written notice to Borrower from Lender in the form of Exhibit B attached. Borrower shall be deemed, as of the date of such increase, to have repeated all representations and warranties set forth in Article 4 of the Agreement. All other terms and conditions of the Agreement and the Revolving Note shall apply to the increased amount, and Borrower’s maximum liability under the Revolving Note shall be increased automatically to such increased amount. 3.Line Termination Date. Section 1.10 of the Agreement is modified to extend the Line Termination Date to February 28, 2015. 4.Minimum Advance Amounts. A new sentence is added to the end of Section 2.1 of the Agreement, to read as follows: An Advance to be used to repurchase stock of Borrower must be in a minimum principal amount of $5,000,000. 5.Out of Debt Period. Termed-Out Advances, as defined in the Revolving Note, shall not be counted for determining compliance with Section 2.4 of the Agreement. 6.Facility Fees. Section 2.5(b) of the Agreement is deleted. 7.Covenants. The following covenants of the Agreement are modified as follows: (a)Section 1.8 of the Agreement is amended to read as follows: 1.8 Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio means: (a) EBITDAR minus cash taxes, cash dividends, and Maintenance Capital Expenditures divided by (b) the sum of interest and rental or lease expense, plus the greater of (i) the sum of all required principal payments (on short and long term debt and capital leases), or (ii) the Synthetic Debt Service Component. (i) “EBITDAR” means net income, plus interest expense, plus income tax expense, plus depreciation expense, plus amortization expense, plus rent or lease expense, plus non-cash stock based compensation, plus extraordinary or material non-recurring expenses acceptable to Lender, minus extraordinary or material non-recurring gains identified by Lender in good faith. (ii) “Maintenance Capital Expenditures” means 50% of depreciation expense for the period specified. (iii) "Synthetic Debt Service Component" means the Credit Limit divided by 5 years. (b)Section 5.3 of the Agreement is amended to read as follows: 5.3 IBD/EBITDA Ratio. Maintain in a ratio of no more than 2.50 to 1, measured as of each fiscal quarter end on a rolling four-quarter basis, (i) total interest-bearing indebtedness of Borrower, divided by FIRST MODIFICATION - 1 - aws/03-0037/bluenile -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (ii) Borrower’s net income, plus interest expense, plus income tax expense, plus depreciation expense, plus amortization expense, plus non-cash stock-based compensation, plus extraordinary or material non-recurring expenses acceptable to Lender, minus extraordinary or material non-recurring gains identified by Lender in good faith. 8.Compliance Certificate. Subsection 5.4(e) of the Agreement as amended to provide that the compliance certificate to be provided under that subsection shall be in the form of Exhibit C to this First Modification. 9.Modification Fee. Borrower shall pay to Lender a modification fee of $60,000 upon execution of this First Modification. 10.Representations and Warranties. When Borrower signs this First Modification, Borrower represents and warrants to Lender that: (a) there is no event that is, or with notice or lapse of time or both would be, a Default under the Agreement except those events, if any, that have been disclosed in writing to Lender or waived in writing by Lender, (b) the representations and warranties in the Agreement are true as of the date of this First Modification as if made on the date of this First Modification, (c) this First Modification does not conflict with any law, agreement, or obligation by which Borrower is bound, and (d) this First Modification is within Borrower's powers, has been duly authorized, and does not conflict with any of Borrower's governing documents. 11.Conditions. This First Modification will be effective upon satisfaction of the following conditions: (a)Borrower shall have executed and delivered to Lender a restated revolving note in form satisfactory to Lender. All references in this First Modification and in the Agreement to “Revolving Note” shall be deemed a reference to this restated revolving note. (b)If required by Lender, Borrower shall have delivered to Lender such resolution and/or certificate of incumbency as may be deemed necessary to evidence that the execution, delivery, and performance by Borrower of this First Modification and any instrument or agreement required under this First Modification have been duly authorized. (c)Payment by Borrower of the modification fee referenced in Section 9 above. (d)Payment by Borrower of costs, expenses, and attorneys' fees incurred by Lender in connection with this First Modification, up to a maximum of $2,000. 12.Other Terms. Except as specifically amended by this First Modification or any prior amendment, all other terms, conditions, and definitions of the Agreement, and all other documents, instruments, or agreements entered into with regard to the Loan, shall remain in full force and effect. DATED as of February 21, 2014. Borrower: Lender: BLUE NILE, INC. U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION By /s/ David Binder By /s/ Anna Burnatowski David Binder, CFO Anna Burnatowski, Vice President FIRST MODIFICATION - 2 - aws/03-0037/bluenile -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- EXHIBIT A Form of Notice for to Lender for Accordion Increase Date: ____________________________ TO: U.S. Bank National Association (“Lender”) Washington Commercial Banking PD-WA-T11S 1420 Fifth Ave, 11th Floor Seattle, WA 98101 Attention: Anna Burnatowski Re: Credit Agreement between Lender and Blue Nile, Inc. (“Borrower”) dated February 11, 2013, and all amendments thereto (“Credit Agreement”) Borrower hereby requests, pursuant to the First Loan Modification Agreement dated February 21, 2014, to the Credit Agreement (“First Modification”), to increase the Credit Limit to $_______________ ($50,000,000 maximum). Borrower acknowledges that granting the requested increase is in the sole discretion of Lender, and that Lender must use its credit approval process before this request can be granted or denied. Borrower represents that as of the date of this notice no Default under the Credit Agreement has occurred and is continuing, and Borrower acknowledges that if Lender grants this request, Borrower shall be deemed, as of the date of the increase, to have repeated all representations and warranties set forth in Article 4 of the Agreement. If Lender grants the request Borrower is making in this notice, the Credit Limit shall automatically be deemed increased to the amount requested, as of the date of a written notice to Borrower from Lender in the form of Exhibit B to the First Modification. Upon such increase, all other terms and conditions of the Credit Agreement and the Revolving Note (as such term is defined in the Credit Agreement) shall apply to the increased amount, and Borrower’s maximum liability under the Revolving Note shall be immediately and automatically increased to the new amount of the Credit Limit. BLUE NILE, INC. By: Authorized Signer FIRST MODIFICATION-Exhibit A aws/03-0037/bluenile -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- EXHIBIT B Form of Notice from Lender Granting or Denying Accordion Increase Date: ____________________________ TO: Blue Nile, Inc. (“Borrower”) 411 First Ave South, Suite 700 Seattle, WA 98104 Attention: Chief Financial Officer Re: Credit Agreement between Borrower and U.S. Bank National Association (“Lender”) dated February 11, 2013, and all amendments thereto (“Credit Agreement”) By notice dated ______________________, Borrower requested that the Credit Limit (as defined in the Credit Agreement) be increased to $_______________. Lender hereby o grants/ o denies this request. If the request has been granted, the increased Credit Limit is effective on the date of this notice set forth above (“Increase Date”). Borrower is deemed to represent as of the Increase Date all representations and warranties set forth in Article 4 of the Agreement. U.S. BANK NATIONAL ASSOCIATION By: Authorized Signer FIRST MODIFICATION-Exhibit B aws/03-0037/bluenile -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- EXHIBIT C FORM OF COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE To: U.S. Bank National Association This Compliance Certificate (the "Certificate") is delivered pursuant to the Credit Agreement dated as of February 11, 2013 (together with all amendments and modifications, if any, from time to time made thereto, the "Credit Agreement"), between Blue Nile, Inc. (the "Borrower") and U.S. Bank National Association ("Lender"). Unless otherwise defined, terms used herein (including the exhibits hereto) have the meanings provided in the Credit Agreement. The undersigned, being the duly elected, qualified and acting _____________________ of Borrower, on behalf of Borrower and solely in the capacity of the undersigned as an officer of Borrower, hereby certifies and warrants that: The undersigned is the _____________________ of Borrower and, as such, is authorized to execute this Certificate on behalf of Borrower. As of ________________, _________: • Borrower was not in default of any of the provisions of the Credit Agreement during the period to which this Certificate relates (or if a Default has occurred, provide details of such Default: _________________________________________); • Borrower’s Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio was ________ to 1 [Minimum of 1.25 to 1 required]. • Borrower’s IBD/EBITDA Ratio, as more fully described in Section 5.3 of the Credit Agreement, was ________ to 1 [Maximum of 2.50 to 1 permitted]. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed and delivered this certificate, this ______ day of ______________, 20____. BLUE NILE, INC. By Title FIRST MODIFICATION-Exhibit C aws/03-0037/bluenile -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- REVOLVING NOTE BLUE NILE, INC. $40,000,000.00 Dated: February 21, 2014 Seattle, Washington Blue Nile, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("Borrower") unconditionally promises to pay to the order of U.S. Bank National Association ("Lender"), at its Washington Commercial Banking office or as otherwise designated by Lender, on or before the Line Termination Date, or as provided below as to “Termed-Out Advances,” in immediately available funds, the principal sum of Forty Million No/100 Dollars ($40,000,000.00), or such lesser sum as may be advanced hereunder. This Note is governed by and shall be construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Washington. This Note is also governed by the Credit Agreement dated February 11, 2013, between Lender and Borrower, as amended (the “Agreement”). All terms, conditions, and definitions of the Agreement are incorporated into this Note. This is the “Revolving Note” referred to in the Agreement. 1.Definitions. The following capitalized terms shall have the meanings indicated: (a)“Cost of Funds” means the rate at which Lender would be able to borrow funds of comparable amounts in the Money Markets for a period equal to the term of the Termed-Out Advance to which a Fixed Rate is to apply, adjusted for any reserve requirement and any subsequent costs arising from a change in government regulation; such rate rounded up to the nearest one-eighth percent. (b)“Daily Reset LIBOR Rate” means the one-month LIBOR rate quoted by Lender from Reuters Screen LIBOR01 Page or any successor thereto, which shall be that one-month LIBOR rate in effect and reset each New York Banking Day, adjusted for any reserve requirement and any subsequent costs arising from a change in government regulation, such rate rounded up to the nearest one-sixteenth percent. (c)“Fixed Rate” means: (i)for Termed-Out Advances with a term of up to 3 years, a fixed rate per annum equal to up to (but not to exceed) 2.00% plus Lender’s Cost of Funds as of the date the Termed-Out Advance to which it is to apply is initiated, or such other fixed interest rate to which Borrower and Lender shall agree; or (ii)for Termed-Out Advances with a term of more than 3 years, a fixed rate per annum equal to up to (but not to exceed) 2.25% plus Lender’s Cost of Funds as of the date the Termed-Out Advance to which it is to apply is initiated, or such other fixed interest rate to which Borrower and Lender shall agree; in each case, provided that if Borrower indicates in its notice of a Termed-Out Advance that it wishes to have a prepayment premium waiver apply to the Termed-Out Advance, then the Fixed Rate shall be increased by the amount of basis points quoted by Lender in its sole discretion to Borrower for the prepayment premium waiver (which amount of basis points will not fluctuate for the life of the Fixed Rate). (d)“Money Markets” refers to one or more wholesale funding markets available to and selected by Lender, including negotiable certificates of deposit, commercial paper, Eurodollar deposits, bank notes, federal funds, interest rate swaps or others. (e)“New York Banking Day” means any date (other than a Saturday or Sunday) on which commercial banks are open for business in New York, New York. Lender’s internal records of applicable interest rates shall be determinative in the absence of manifest error. (f)“Termed-Out Advances” shall have the meaning given in Section 2 below. REVOLVING NOTE - 1 - aws/03-0037/bluenile -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2. Repayment of Principal. All Advances other than Termed-Out Advances shall be repaid in full on or before the Line Termination Date, or earlier pursuant to the terms of the Agreement. Each Advance that is used to repurchase stock of Borrower must be either repaid or termed out within 90 days of the date of Advance. Each such Termed-Out Advance must be in a minimum principal amount of $5,000,000. Borrower shall have the option to term out other outstanding Advances up to and including the Line Termination Date. The following provisions shall apply to all Advances termed out under this Section 2 of the Note, referred to in this Note as “Termed-Out Advances.” (a)The initiation of a Termed-Out Advance shall be requested in writing, in the form of Exhibit A attached to this Note, designating the principal amount of the Termed-Out Advance, the date such Termed-Out Advance is to begin, and whether the Termed-Out Advance shall accrue interest at a Fixed Rate. Such written notice may be delivered by courier, telefacsimile, or email, to be delivered as follows: By Telefacsimile: (206) 344-4717 By Email: anna.burnatowski@usbank.com By Delivery: U.S. Bank National Association Washington Commercial Banking PD-WA-T11S 1420 Fifth Ave, 11th Floor Seattle, WA 98101 Attention: Anna Burnatowski (b)Borrower shall specify for each Termed-Out Advance the number of months, up to but not exceeding 60, over which the Termed-Out Advance shall be repaid. Each principal payment for a Termed-Out Advance shall equal the initial amount of the Termed-Out Advance, divided by the number of months selected. Such principal payments shall be made on the first Business Day of each month, beginning on the first day of the month following the month in which the Termed-Out Advance is initiated. (c)Borrower may prepay all or any portion of a Termed-Out Advance on any Business Day, subject to Section 5 below. Any prepayments of a Termed-Out Advance shall be accompanied by all accrued interest on such prepaid principal, and shall be applied to installments of principal coming due on such Termed-Out Advance in the inverse order of their maturities. 3. Interest Accrual and Payments. Interest on all Advances (not including Termed-Out Advances) shall accrue at a floating rate per annum equal to the Daily Reset LIBOR Rate plus 1.65%. Termed-Out Advances may accrue interest at the Fixed Rate that is elected in accordance with Subsection 3(a) below or at the Daily Reset LIBOR Rate plus a spread of up to (but not to exceed) 2.00% (or such other spread over the Daily Reset LIBOR Rate to which Borrower and Lender shall agree) for Termed-Out Advances with a term of up to 3 years, and the Daily Reset LIBOR Rate plus a spread of up to (but not to exceed) 2.25% (or such other spread over the Daily Reset LIBOR Rate to which Borrower and Lender shall agree) for Termed-Out Advances with a term of more than 3 years. (a) Borrower may request, in the same notice that it requests the initiation of a Termed-Out Advance, that the Termed-Out Advance accrue interest at a Fixed Rate. The Fixed Rate shall be as determined on the date of commencement of the Termed-Out Advance. (b) Borrower shall pay interest on the daily unpaid principal balance of all Advances, including Termed-Out Advances, in arrears on the first Business Day of each month, beginning on the first day of the month following the month in which the first Advance occurs, continuing on the first Business Day of each month thereafter until all principal of this Note has been repaid in full. REVOLVING NOTE - 2 - aws/03-0037/bluenile -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (c) All interest accruing under this Note shall be calculated on the basis of actual number of days elapsed over a year of 360 days. 4. Maturity. All principal and accrued interest of Advances shall be repaid in full on or before the Line Termination Date. All principal and accrued interest of each Termed-Out Advance shall be repaid on the last day of the amortization period selected for such Termed-Out Advance, but no later than 60 months after the date of initiation of the Termed-Out Advance. 5. Prepayments. Principal of this Note, other than principal accruing interest at a Fixed Rate, may be made on any Business Day without premium or penalty. Unless Borrower has requested at the time a Termed-Out Advance is initiated that a prepayment premium waiver shall apply to such Termed-Out Advance, Borrower shall be required to pay Lender, upon prepayment of all or part of any Termed-Out Advance accruing interest at a Fixed Rate before final maturity, a prepayment indemnity (“Prepayment Fee”) equal to the greater of zero, or that amount, calculated on any date of prepayment (“Prepayment Date”), which is derived by subtracting: (i) the principal amount of the Termed-Out Advance or portion of the Termed-Out Advance to be prepaid from (ii) the Net Present Value of the Termed-Out Advance or portion of the Termed-Out Advance to be prepaid on such Prepayment Date; provided, however, that the Prepayment Fee shall not in any event exceed the maximum prepayment fee, if any, permitted by applicable law. (a)“Net Present Value” shall mean the amount that is derived by summing the present values of each prospective payment of principal and interest that, without such full or partial prepayment, could otherwise have been received by Lender over the remaining contractual life of the Termed-Out Advance if Lender had instead initially invested the Termed-Out Advance proceeds at the Initial Money Market Rate. The individual discount rate used to present value each prospective payment of interest and/or principal shall be the Money Market Rate At Prepayment for the maturity matching that of each specific payment of principal and/or interest. (b)“Initial Money Market Rate” shall mean the rate per annum, determined solely by Lender, on the first day of the term of the Termed-Out Advance as the rate at which Lender would be able to borrow funds in Money Markets for the amount of the Termed-Out Advance and with an interest payment frequency and principal repayment schedule equal to the Termed-Out Advance and for a term as may be arranged and agreed upon by Borrower and Lender, adjusted for any reserve requirement and any subsequent costs arising from a change in government regulation. Borrower acknowledges that Lender is under no obligation to actually purchase and/or match funds for the Initial Money Market Rate of the Termed-Out Advance. (c)“Money Market Rate At Prepayment” shall mean that zero-coupon rate, calculated on the Prepayment Date, and determined solely by Lender, as the rate at which Lender would be able to borrow funds in Money Markets for the prepayment amount matching the maturity of a specific prospective Termed-Out Advance payment, adjusted for any reserve requirement and any subsequent costs arising from a change in government regulation. A separate Money Market Rate At Prepayment will be calculated for each prospective interest and/or principal payment date. (d)“Money Markets” shall mean one or more wholesale funding markets available to and selected by Lender, including negotiable certificates of deposit, commercial paper, Eurodollar deposits, bank notes, federal funds, interest rate swaps or others. In calculating the amount of such Prepayment Fee, Lender is hereby authorized by Borrower to make such assumptions regarding the source of funding, redeployment of funds and other related matters, as Lender may deem appropriate. If Borrower fails to pay any Prepayment Fee when due, the amount of such Prepayment Fee shall thereafter bear interest until paid at the “Default Rate” specified in this Note (computed on the basis of a 360-day year, actual days elapsed). 6. Lender Records. All Advances, all Termed-Out Advances, all interest rate changes, and all payments of principal and interest under this Note may be reflected on a schedule or a computer-generated statement that shall become a part hereof. 7. Automatic Debit. Lender is authorized to automatically debit each required installment of interest, and each required installment of principal of Termed-Out Advances, from Borrower’s checking account at Lender ending in numbers 3885, or such other deposit account at Lender as Borrower may authorize in the future. 8. Default. If an “Event of Default” shall occur as such term is defined in the Agreement, interest shall accrue, at the option of the holder of this Note, from the date of Default, at the Default Rate, and the entire unpaid principal amount of this Note, together with all accrued interest, shall become immediately due and payable at the option of the holder hereof. “Default Rate” means 3.0% in excess of the interest rate otherwise applicable. REVOLVING NOTE - 3 - aws/03-0037/bluenile -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9. Requesting Advances and Term-Outs. Advances, Termed-Out Advances, and Fixed Rates for Termed-Out Advances may be made by Lender at the request of any person purporting to act on behalf of Borrower and reasonably believed by Lender to be so acting. 10. Waivers. Borrower hereby waives presentment, demand, protest, and notice of dishonor hereof. Each party signing or endorsing this Note signs as maker and principal, and not as guarantor, surety, or accommodation party; and is estopped from asserting any defense based on any capacity other than maker or principal. 11. Restatement. This Note restates and supersedes the Revolving Note made by Borrower dated February 11, 2013, in the principal amount of $35,000,000. ORAL AGREEMENTS OR ORAL COMMITMENTS TO LOAN MONEY, TO EXTEND CREDIT, OR TO FORBEAR FROM ENFORCING REPAYMENT OF A DEBT ARE NOT ENFORCEABLE UNDER WASHINGTON LAW. BLUE NILE, INC. By /s/ David Binder David Binder, CFO REVOLVING NOTE - 4 - aws/03-0037/bluenile -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- EXHIBIT A Form of Notice for Termed-Out Advance TO: U.S. Bank National Association (“Lender”) Washington Commercial Banking PD-WA-T11S 1420 Fifth Ave, 11th Floor Seattle, WA 98101 Attention: Anna Burnatowski On behalf of Blue Nile, Inc. (the “Borrower”), the following request is made pursuant to the Revolving Note dated February 21, 2014 (“Revolving Note”), made by Borrower to the order of Lender (all capitalized terms used in this notice and not otherwise defined shall have the meaning given in the Revolving Note, or in the “Agreement” as such term is defined in the Revolving Note): 1. Borrower requests that $_____________ of the currently outstanding Advances be termed out for a period of ____ (any whole number up to 60) months as a “Termed-Out Advance,” as defined in the Revolving Note. 2. The Termed-Out Advance shall begin on _____________, 20__ (which date must be a Business Day at least one Business Day after this notice is delivered to Lender), hereafter the “Term-Out Date.” 3. Borrower requests that the Termed-Out Advance accrue interest at o a floating rate equal to the Daily Reset LIBOR Rate plus 2.00% (for Termed-Out Advances with a term of up to 3 years) or the Daily Reset LIBOR Rate plus 2.25% (for Termed-Out Advances with a term of more than 3 years); or o at a Fixed Rate as determined on the Term-Out Date. 4. If a Fixed Rate is chosen in paragraph 3 above, Borrower: o requests/ o declines that a prepayment fee waiver apply to this Termed-Out Advance. BLUE NILE, INC. By: Authorized Signer REVOLVING NOTE-Exhibit A aws/03-0037/bluenile
es	other	N/A	Sentencia no 184 de Suprema Corte de Justicia, del 29 de Agosto de 2007. - Jurisprudencia - VLEX 360747486 Sentencia no 184 de Suprema Corte de Justicia, del 29 de Agosto de 2007. Recurrente(s): S., S. A Abogado(s): L.. C.S., M.A.L.C. Recurrido(s): O.A. Abogados(s): L.. A.T., Dr. Roberto Rosario Peña La CORTE, en audiencia pública del 13 de diciembre del 2006, estando presentes los Jueces: J.L.V., Presidente; J.A.S., D.F.E. y P.R.C., asistidos de la Secretaria General y después de haber deliberado los jueces signatarios de este fallo; Considerando, que en la sentencia impugnada y en los documentos a que ella se refiere, consta lo siguiente: a) que en ocasión de la demanda laboral interpuesta por el recurrido O.E.A. contra los recurrentes Suiphar, S.A. y Productora de Capsulas de Gelatina, S. A. (PROCAPS), el Juzgado de Trabajo de Bonao del Distrito Judicial de M.N. dictó el 15 de noviembre del 2005 una sentencia con el siguiente dispositivo: Primero: Declara buena y válida en cuanto a la forma la presente demanda por haber sido hecha conforme la ley que rige la materia; Segundo: En cuanto al fondo declara justificada la dimisión ejercida por el señor O.A., en perjuicio de Empresa Suiphar, S.A. y Laboratorio Procaps, por vía de consecuencia se declara resuelto el contrato de trabajo que existió entre las partes en litis, con responsabilidad para la parte demandadas y en consecuencia se condena al pago de los siguientes valores; a) la suma de Cincuenta y Cuatro Mil Seiscientos Cincuenta y Seis Pesos (RD$54,656.00), relativa a 28 días de salario ordinario, por concepto de preaviso; b) la suma de Cuatrocientos Setenta y Cuatro Mil Trescientos Treinta y Seis Pesos (RD$474,336.00), relativa a 243 días de salario ordinario, por concepto de auxilio de cesantía; c) la suma de Cinco Mil Seiscientos Pesos (RD$5,600.00) relativa a salario de navidad faltante del año 2004; d) la suma de Catorce Mil Quinientos Treinta y Un Pesos con Veintiún Centavos (RD$14,531.21), por concepto de salario de navidad correspondiente al año 2005, exigible el día veintidós (22) de diciembre del año 2005; e) la suma de Trece Mil Ciento Veintitrés Pesos con Setenta y Nueve Centavos (RD$13,123.79), relativa al completivo de vacaciones correspondiente al año 2004; f) Rechaza otorgar retroactivo de participación en los beneficios de la empresa correspondiente al año 2004, por falta de pruebas; g) la suma de Veintinueve Mil Doscientos Sesenta y Nueve Pesos (RD$29,269.00) relativa a la participación en los beneficios de la empresa correspondiente al año 2005; Tercero: Se condena a las partes demandadas a pagar a favor del demandante la suma de Doscientos Setenta y Nueve Mil Pesos (RD$279,000.00) relativa a seis (6) meses de salario ordinario, por concepto de salario caído; Cuarto: Se dispone que para el pago de los valores a que la condena la presente sentencia, se tome en cuenta la variación en el valor de la moneda conforme lo dispone el índice general de los precios al consumidor elaborado por el Banco Central de la República Dominicana; Quinto: Condena a las partes demandadas, al pago de las costas del procedimiento, ordenando su distracción a favor del Dr. R.A.R.P. y Licda. A.A.R.T., abogados que afirman haberla avanzado en la mayor parte; b) que sobre el recurso de apelación interpuesto contra esta decisión, intervino la sentencia ahora impugnada, cuyo dispositivo reza así: "Primero: Declarar, como al efecto declara regular y válidos en cuanto a la forma el recurso de apelación principal interpuesto por las empresas Suiphar, S. A. y Productora de Capsulas de Gelatina, S. A. (Laboratorio Procaps, S.A.) y el recurso de apelación incidental incoado por el señor L.. O.E.A.L., por haber sido hechos de conformidad con lo que dispone la ley que rige la materia; Segundo: En cuanto al medio de inadmisión planteado por el recurrido y apelante incidental señor L.. O.E.A.L., por incumplimiento de las disposiciones contenidas en el artículo 623 del Código de Trabajo, se rechaza por carecer de fundamento y de base legal; Tercero: En cuanto al fondo del presente caso, se rechaza, en parte el recurso de apelación principal incoado por las empresas Suiphar, S. A. y Productora de Capsulas de Gelatinas, S. A. (Laboratorio Procaps, S.A.), y se rechaza, en todas sus partes el interpuesto por el Lic. O.E.A.L., por improcedente, mal fundado y carente de base legal, en consecuencia, de la sentencia impugnada se revoca del ordinal segundo el literal d, y se confirman, los demás ordinales en todas sus partes; Tercero: Se declara, justificada la dimisión ejercida por el trabajador señor L.. O.E.A.L., en contra de las empresas Suiphar, S. A. y Productora de Capsulas de Gelatinas, S.A., (Laboratorio Procaps, S.A.) y se condena, a las empresas Suiphar S. A. y Productora de Capsulas de Gelatinas, S.A., (Laboratorio Procaps, S. A.), al pago de los siguientes valores a favor del señor L.. O.E.A.L.: a) la suma de Cincuenta y Cuatro Mil Seiscientos Cincuenta y Seis Pesos con 00/100 (RD$54,656.00) por concepto de 28 días de preaviso de conformidad con lo que dispone el artículo 76 del Código de Trabajo; b) la suma de Cuatrocientos Setenta y Cuatro Mil Trescientos Treinta y Seis Pesos con 00/100 (RD$474,336.00), por concepto de 243 días de auxilio de cesantía de conformidad con lo que establece el artículo 80 del Código de Trabajo; c) la suma de Cinco Mil Seiscientos Pesos con 00/100 (RD$5,600.00), por concepto de salario de navidad faltante correspondiente al año 2004, en virtud de las disposiciones de los artículos 219 y 220 del Código de Trabajo Dominicano; d) la suma de Trece Mil Ciento Veintitrés Pesos con 79/100 (RD$13,123.79), por concepto de completivo de vacaciones correspondiente al año 2004, en aplicación de lo que disponen los artículos 177, 179 y 180 del Código de Trabajo; e) se rechazan las reclamaciones en pago de participación en los beneficios de la empresa correspondientes al año 2004, por carecer de fundamento y base legal; f) la suma de Veintinueve Mil Doscientos Sesenta y Nueve Pesos con 00/100 (RD$29,269.00), por concepto de participación en los beneficios de la empresa correspondiente al año 2005; g) la suma de Doscientos Setenta y Nueve Mil Pesos con 00/100 (RD$279,000.00), por concepto de las indemnizaciones establecidas en los artículos 95 y 101 del Código de Trabajo; totalizando la suma de Ochocientos Cincuenta y Cinco Mil Novecientos Ochenta y Cuatro Pesos con 00/100 (RD$855,984.79); dichas condenaciones han sido calculadas tomando como base un salario mensual ascendente a la suma de RD$46,500.00 pesos y una duración del contrato de trabajo de diez (10) años, siete (7) meses y siete (7) días; Cuarto: Se condena a las empresas Suiphar, S. A. y Productora de Capsulas de Gelatinas, S.A., (Laboratorio Procaps, S. A.), al pago de las costas del procedimiento ordenándose su distracción en provecho de la Licenciada A.A.R.T. y del Dr. R.A.R.P., en aplicación de lo que dispone el artículo 130 del Código de Procedimiento Civil Dominicano; Quinto: Se ordena, en aplicación de las disposiciones contenidas en el artículo 537 del Código de Trabajo, que para el pago de las sumas a que ordena la presente sentencia se tome en cuenta la variación en el valor de la moneda durante el tiempo que mediare entre la fecha de la demanda y la fecha en que se pronunció la presente sentencia; la variación en el valor de la moneda será determinada por la evolución del índice de los precios al consumidor elaborado por el Banco Central de la República Dominicana"; Considerando, que la recurrente propone en apoyo de su recurso de casación los medios siguientes: Primer Medio: Exclusión probatoria, falta de valoración de prueba fundamental del proceso y desnaturalización de los hechos. Falta de motivos y de base legal; Segundo Medio: Desnaturalización de los hechos; Tercer Medio: Inobservancia de las máximas de la lógica y de la experiencia. Errónea interpretación de un punto de derecho. Mala aplicación de la ley, especialmente en cuanto al jus variandi; Considerando, que en su memorial de defensa el recurrido solicita sea declarada la inadmisibilidad del recurso invocando que el escrito contentivo del mismo no cumple con el numeral 5to. del artículo 642 del Código de Trabajo, que dispone que dicho escrito contendrá la fecha y la firma del abogado del recurrente; Considerando, que del estudio del escrito mediante el cual se introdujo el recurso de casación de que se trata, se advierte que el mismo está fechado 22 de mayo del 2006 y está firmado por el Licenciado C.R.S.C., en representación de Suiphar, S.A., y Productora de Cápsulas de Gelatina, careciendo de importancia que en el mismo no figure la firma del L.. M.A.L.C., quién también aparece como abogado de esa parte, razón por la cual el medio de inadmisión que se examina carece de fundamento y debe ser desestimado; Considerando, que en el desarrollo del primer medio propuesto la recurrente expresa, en síntesis, lo siguiente: que ante la Corte aqua depositaron copia del acta de audiencia celebrada el 11 de agosto del 2005, en la que se encuentran contenidas las declaraciones de ambas partes, así como de sus correspondientes testigos, sin embargo el tribunal excluyó en su análisis y, en consecuencia, no examinó ni ponderó las declaraciones del testigo del recurrente, lo que de haber hecho hubiese variado el resultado de la decisión y con lo que se hizo un mal uso del poder de apreciación de los jueces, pues éstos están en la obligación de ponderar todas las pruebas que se les aporten; que en esa acta figuran las declaraciones del testigo R.A.P.F., quién señaló cuales fueron los destinos que le iban a corresponder al señor A., los cuales son Bonao, San Francisco de Macorís, Cotuí, F. y Santiago y explicó que en caso de que hubiese que modificar la forma de trabajo, se evalúa la situación de cada quien, lo que es muy revelador, ya que si fuese como quiere dejar dicho el recurrido, no habría opción y el trabajador tendría que someterse a lo que diga la empresa sin ningún tipo de objeción, lo que no es cierto; Considerando, que en la especie, en la relación de documentos depositados por las partes, la sentencia impugnada señala la "copia del acta de audiencia No. 319, de fecha once (11) de agosto del año 2005, levantada en la secretaría del Juzgado de Trabajo del Distrito Judicial de M.N.", las que contienen las declaraciones aportadas por el señor R.A.P., testigo presentado por la empresa demandada ante ese tribunal; Por tales motivos, Primero: Casa la sentencia dictada por la Corte de Trabajo del Departamento Judicial de La Vega el 28 de febrero del 2006, cuyo dispositivo se ha copiado en parte anterior del presente fallo; y envía el asunto por ante la Corte de Trabajo de San Francisco de Macorís; Segundo: Compensa las costas.
da	caselaw	EU	20.2.98 DA De Europñiske Fñllesskabers Tidende C 55/33 Til stùtte for påstanden gùr sagsùgerne gñldende, at valgt adresse i Luxembourg hos advokat A. Schmitt, 62, Rådet ikke har overholdt begrundelseskravet i traktatens avenue Guillaume. artikel 190. Rådet har ikke fyldestgùrende begrundet, hvorfor udlevering af de dokumenter, der nñgtes aktind- sigt i, skulle vñre i strid med »offentlighedens interesser«. Sagsùgeren har nedlagt fùlgende påstande: Da begrundelsen blot består i en standardmñssig henvis- ning til, at udtalelser udarbejdet af de juridiske tjenester en bloc anses for undtaget fra adgangen til aktindsigt uden Ð Sagen antages til realitetsbehandling, og der gives sag- nogen form for konkret stillingtagen til, om de påberåbte sùgeren medhold. hensyn til opretholdelse af retssikkerheden og fñllesskabs- rettens stabilitet gùr sig gñldende med hensyn til de ùnskede dokumenter, må beslutningen allerede af denne Ð Det fastslås, at de sagsùgte er ansvarlige for den skade, grund annulleres som behñftet med vñsentlige formelle sagsùgeren har lidt. mangler. Ð De sagsùgte tilpligtes således in solidum at betale et Sagsùgerne gùr endvidere gñldende, at beslutningen er i forelùbigt belùb på 46 655 281 BEF, med forbehold strid med grundlñggende retsprincipper vedrùrende anven- om forhùjelse eller nedsñttelse under sagen, forrentet delse af traktaten, herunder i sñrdeleshed det gñldende med 8 % fra den 1. januar 1993, hvor skaden faktisk princip om åbenhed i beslutningsproceduren, jf. erklñring indtrådte, indtil fuldstñndig betaling sker. nr. 17 i slutakten til traktaten om Den Europñiske Union, adfñrdskodeksen for aktindsigt i Rådets og Kommissio- nens dokumenter (93/730/EF, EFT L 340 af 31.12.1993, Ð De sagsùgte tilpligtes in solidum at betale sagens s. 41) og Rådets afgùrelse 93/731/EF af 20. december omkostninger. 1993 om aktindsigt i Rådets dokumenter (EFT L 340 af 31.12.1993, s. 43). Sagsùgerne anfùrer i denne forbindelse, at undtagelser fra det grundlñggende princip om åbenhed Sùgsmålsgrunde og vñsentligste argumenter: skal fortolkes indskrñnkende, og Rådet kan derfor ikke undtage en hel gruppe af dokumenter fra aktindsigt, blot ud fra et kriterium om, hvorfra de hidrùrer. Der må i ste- Sagsùgeren, som driver toldklarerervirksomhed, gùr gñl- det konkret foretages en undersùgelse af, hvorvidt de hen- dende, at de sagsùgte gennem afskaffelsen af toldkontrol- syn, der er nñvnt i adfñrdskodeksen, begrunder, at det len og -formaliteterne ved de indre grñnser gennem en enkelte dokument undtages fra aktindsigt. Der foreligger rñkke nñrmere beskrevne handlinger har bevirket, at sel- ikke sådanne konkrete hensyn, der kan begrunde nñgtel- skabets virksomhed inden for Fñllesskabet er ophùrt pr. sen af aktindsigt. 1. januar 1993. De sagsùgte har efter selskabets opfattelse ikke truffet passende overgangsforanstaltninger med hen- blik på at gùre det muligt for toldklarererne gradvist at til- Subsidiñrt anfùrer sagsùgerne, at de af Rådet påberåbte passe sig den nye situation. For så vidt angår realiteten gùr hensyn ikke ses at kunne foreligge med hensyn til de sagsùgeren gñldende, at der er sket en tilsidesñttelse af ùnskede dokumenter. Tvñrtimod sikres opretholdelsen af velerhvervede rettigheder og af princippet om beskyttelse retssikkerheden og fñllesskabsrettens stabilitet ved, at af den berettigede forventning. offentligheden har ret til at kende det fulde grundlag for Rådets vedtagelse af sekundñre retsakter. Sag anlagt den 24. december 1997 af N. V. Wybo mod Kommissionen for De Europñiske Fñllesskaber og Rådet Sag anlagt den 24. december 1997 af NV Transfluvia mod for Den Europñiske Union Kommissionen for De Europñiske Fñllesskaber og Rådet (Sag T-619/97) for Den Europñiske Union (Sag T-611/97) (98/C 55/65) (98/C 55/64) (Processprog: nederlandsk) (Processprog: nederlandsk) Ved De Europñiske Fñllesskabers Ret i Fùrste Instans er der den 24. december 1997 anlagt sag mod Kommissionen Ved De Europñiske Fñllesskabers Ret i Fùrste Instans er for De Europñiske Fñllesskaber og Rådet for Den Euro- der den 24. december 1997 anlagt sag mod Kommissionen pñiske Union af N. V. Wybo, Poperinge (Belgien), ved for De Europñiske Fñllesskaber og Rådet for Den Euro- advokaterne P. Cavenaille og K. Tanghe, LieÁge, og med pñiske Union af NV Transfluvia, Menen (Belgien), ved valgt adresse i Luxembourg hos advokat A. Schmitt, 62, advokaterne P. Cavenaille og K. Tanghe, LieÁge, og med avenue Guillaume.
cs	wikipedia	N/A	Zac Efron (* 18. října 1987, San Luis Obispo, Kalifornie, USA) je americký herec, zpěvák a tanečník. Začal hrát profesionálně v roce 2000, stal se známý pro mladé publikum díky své roli v Disney Channel Muzikálu ze střední, WB seriál Kalifornské léto, a v roce 2007 broadwayského muzikálu Hairspray. Dál hrál ve filmech Znovu 17, Já a Orson Welles, Smrt a život Charlieho St. Clouda, Šťastný Nový rok, Talisman, Sousedi, (Ne)zadaní, Sousedi 2, Děda je lotr, Mike i Dave sháněj holku, Pobřežní hlídka, Největší showman. Mládí Narodil se v San Luis Obispo v Kalifornii. Jeho příjmení je hebrejského původu, jeho dědeček je Žid a sám se identifikuje jako Žid (i když není). Vzdělání V roce 2006 absolvoval střední školu Arroyo Grande High School. Poté byl přijat na Univerzitu Jižní Kalifornie, ale zápis odložil kvůli práci na filmových projektech. Navštěvoval také Pacific Conservatory of the Performing Arts. Kariéra Rané dílo V roce 2002 se začal objevovat v několika televizních seriálech jako Firefly, Pohotovost a The Guardian. Ztvárnil Camerona Balea v nyní již ukončeném seriálu Kalifornské léto. Epizodní role si zahrál v Kriminálce Miami, NCIS, Sladkém životě Zacka a Codyho a Náhradníci. V roce 2003 získal roli v televizním filmu Miracle Run. Za roli byl nominován na cenu Young Artist Awards. V roce 2005 si zahrál ve videoklipu Hope Partlow k písničce „Stick Inside“. Průlom v kariéře V roce 2006 byl obsazen do role Troye Boltona v Disney Channel původním filmu Muzikál ze střední. Za roli získal dvě ceny Teen Choice Awards. Později bylo zjištěno, že hlas v písničkách z filmu nepatří Zacovi, ale Drewovi Seelymu. V rozhovoru s Rolling Stone magazínu oznámil, že byl do filmu obsazen poté, co písničky byly napsané (pro tenor) a byly mimo jeho hlasový rozsah. 2007–2014 Dne 7. dubna 2007 se objevil v epizodě Napálené celebrity a také si zahrál ve videoklipu Vanessy Hudgens „Say Ok“. V roce 2006 získal roli Linka Larkina ve filmové verzi Hairspray, která měla premiéru 20. července 2007. Za roli získal pozitivní ohlas od kritiků. V srpnu 2007 měl premiéru film Muzikál ze střední 2. V roce 2008 získal hlavní roli ve filmu Já a Orson Wales. Znovu si zahrál roli Troye Boltona ve filmu Muzikál ze střední 3: Maturitní ročník, který měl premiéru 24. října 2008. Jeho další role byla ve filmu Znovu 17. V roce 2009 získal hlavní roli ve filmu Smrt a život Charlieho St. Clouda. Film měl premiéru 30. července 2010. V roce 2011 se objevil ve filmu Štastný Nový rok. V roce 2012 propůjčil svůj hlas pro film Lorax a zahrál si ve filmové adaptaci Nicholasovo Sparksovo stejnojmenné novely Talisman. Ten samý rok se objevil po boku Nicole Kidman a Johna Cusacka ve filmu Reportér a po boku Dennisa Quaida ve filmu Za každou cenu. V roce 2014 získal roli v romantické komedii (Ne)zadaní, po boku Milese Tellera a Michaela B. Jordana a v komedii Sousedi. 2014–dosud Později v roce 2014 se objevil v komediálním filmu po boku Setha Rogena Sousedi. Film sklidil obrovský úspěch a to jak u diváků, tak u kritiků, někteří tvrdili, že Zac se vymanil ze stínu „disneyovského dítěte“. Jediným filmem z roku 2015, ve kterém se Efron objevil, byl We Are Your Friends, ve kterém si zahrál DJe. V lednu 2016 si zahrál po boku Roberta De Nira ve filmu Děda je lotr. Film však sklidil převážně negativní kritiku. Se Sethem Rogenem, Rose Byrne a Chloë Grace Moretz se objevil v sequelu Sousedi 2. Třetí komedie ve které se Efron v roce 2016 objevil nese název Mike i Dave sháněj holku. Ve filmu hraje s Adamem DeVinem, Annou Kendrick a Aubrey Plazou. V roce 2017 měl premiéru film Pobřežní hlídka. V roce 2017 získal také vedlejší roli ve filmu The Disaster Artist: Úžasný propadák a jednu z hlavních rolí v muzikálovém filmu Největší showman. Oba filmy byly nominované na Zlatý glóbus. Osobní život V roce 2005 začal chodit s herečkou Vanessou Hudgens, se kterou seznámil při natáčení filmu Muzikál ze střední. Pár se rozešel v prosinci roku 2010. V roce 2014 chodil se Sami Miró, ale v dubnu 2016 se rozešli. V roce 2008 se objevil na seznamu časopisu Forbes mezi nejlépe placenými celebritami na 92. místě s odhadovanými výdělky 5,8 milionu dolarů za období červen 2007 až červen 2008. V dubnu 2009 se jeho osobní bohatství rovnalo zhruba 10 milionům dolarů. K lednu roku 2021 se jeho jmění vyšplhalo na 25 milionů dolarů. V roce 2013 podstoupil léčení, poté co měl problémy s alkoholem a návykovými látkami. Téhož roku mu po ošklivém pádu doma museli nechat sedrátovat čelist. V roce 2010 založil Efron vlastní produkční společnost pod vedením Warner Bros. s názvem Ninjas Runnin 'Wild. Společnost se podílela na produkci jeho filmů Děda je lotr, Nezadaní a Zlo s lidskou tváří. Poté, co se ve filmu Zlo s lidskou tváří snažil oddělit od své role sériového vraha Teda Bundyho, začal praktikovat transcendentální meditaci. V prosinci 2019 utrpěl vážné a život ohrožující onemocnění - formu tyfu nebo jiné podobné bakteriální infekce, když natáčel svůj dobrodružný seriál s názvem Killing Zac Efron v Papui-Nové Guineji. Byl letecky převezen do nemocnice St Andrews War Memorial v Austrálii a odtud ho propustili až po vyléčení na Štědrý den. Zotavil se bez vážných problémů. Filmografie Filmy Televize Diskografie High School Musical – vydáno 10. ledna 2006, vydavatelství - Walt Disney Hairspray – vydáno 10. července 2007, vydavatelství - Warner Music High School Musical 2 – vydáno 13. srpna 2007, vydavatelství: Walt Disney High School Musical 3: Senior Year – vydáno 24. října 2008, vydavatelství: Walt Disney Odkazy Reference Externí odkazy Američtí herci Američané židovského původu Američtí zpěváci Narození 1987 Narození 18. října Narození v Kalifornii Žijící lidé Muži Držitelé ceny Critics' Choice Movie Awards za nejlepší obsazení Držitelé Filmové a televizní ceny MTV Držitelé ceny People's Choice Awards Držitelé ceny Teen Choice Awards
en	wikipedia	N/A	Kiss Me, Stupid is a 1964 American sex comedy film produced and directed by Billy Wilder and starring Dean Martin, Kim Novak, and Ray Walston. The screenplay by Wilder and I.A.L. Diamond is based on the play L'ora della fantasia (The Dazzling Hour) by Anna Bonacci, which had inspired Wife for a Night (Moglie per una notte, 1952), an Italian film starring Gina Lollobrigida. The comic song lyrics were written by Ira Gershwin, using some of George Gershwin's unpublished melodies. The supporting cast features Felicia Farr and comedy actors Cliff Osmond, Howard McNear, Cliff Norton, Mel Blanc and Henry Gibson. Plot While driving his Dual-Ghia from Las Vegas to Los Angeles, lecherous, heavy-drinking pop singer Dino is forced to detour through Climax, Nevada. There he meets the amateur songwriting team of Barney Millsap, a gas station attendant, and piano teacher Orville J. Spooner, a man easily given to jealousy. Hoping to interest Dino in their songs, Barney disables the "Italian" sports car and tells Dino he will need to remain in town until new parts arrive from Milan. (Dual-Ghia was actually an American marque, mating a Dodge frame, drivetrain, and engine with Italian coachwork.) Orville invites Dino to stay with him and wife Zelda, but becomes concerned when he learns the singer needs to have sex every night to avoid awakening with a headache. Anxious to accommodate Dino but safeguard his marriage, Orville provokes an argument with his wife that leads to Zelda fleeing in tears. He and Barney then arrange for Polly the Pistol, a waitress and prostitute at a saloon on the edge of town called the Belly Button, to pose as Orville's wife and satisfy Dino. That evening after the three have dinner, Orville plays his tunes for Dino on the piano and Polly requests a particular song. It is one she knows he wrote for his wife when trying to persuade her to marry him. Doing so, Orville gets lost in emotion, as does Polly, who has fallen a little for the dream of a domestic life that she doesn't have. Under the influence of wine and song, Orville starts thinking of Polly as his wife and tosses Dino out. He then spends the night with Polly. Dino seeks shelter at the Belly Button, where Zelda earlier had gone to drown her sorrows. When she became drunk and rowdy, the manager deposited her in Polly's trailer to sleep. Hearing about the talents of Polly the Pistol and declaring himself eager "to shoot it out with her," Dino goes to the trailer and finds Zelda there and mistakes her for Polly. A longtime fan, she succumbs to Dino's charms and allows him to seduce her, persuading him how perfect Orville's song would be for him at the same time. Zelda meets Polly the next morning and figures out the trick Orville played on her. She gives Dino's money to Polly, who needs it to leave Climax and start a new life. A few nights later, Orville is distraught knowing that Zelda intends to divorce him. Suddenly he hears Dino singing one of his songs on coast-to-coast television. He is at a total loss as to how this could have happened. He wants an explanation, but Zelda simply orders him: "Kiss me, stupid." Cast Production Wilder initially offered the role of Orville Spooner to Jack Lemmon (Farr's real life husband), whom he had directed in Some Like It Hot, The Apartment, and Irma la Douce, but prior commitments forced the actor to decline. The director then signed Peter Sellers for the role. Six weeks into filming, Sellers suffered a series of 13 heart attacks and was hospitalized in Cedars of Lebanon Hospital. Upon his release, the actor returned to England under doctor's orders. Unwilling to wait while Sellers completed a six-month recuperation period, Wilder opted to replace him and reshoot all his scenes. The role of Polly the Pistol was written with Marilyn Monroe in mind. After her death in August 1962, filming was postponed while the role was recast. It was later reported that Jayne Mansfield would take over the role, but she had to withdraw from the project because of her pregnancy with future actress Mariska Hargitay. Sometime thereafter, it was decided that Kim Novak would play the role, coming out of a two-year absence from acting to appear in the film. Wilder approached friend Ira Gershwin and asked if he would like to collaborate on the songs written by Barney and Orville. Gershwin suggested he write lyrics to unpublished music by his late brother George, and as a result three new songs by the Gershwins – "Sophia," "I'm a Poached Egg," and "All the Livelong Day" – debuted in the film. The film was shot on location in Twentynine Palms, California. The opening sequence was filmed at the Sands Hotel in Las Vegas, using a portion of Dean Martin's actual show and the hotel's marquee from his appearance there. Some interior scenes were filmed in the Moulin Rouge night club in Los Angeles. The car that Martin drove was his own. The Catholic Legion of Decency strongly objected to the completed film. Wilder was willing to soften the suggestion Zelda had committed adultery with Dino, but he refused to comply with other demands, and the film was condemned, the first American film to be so designated since Baby Doll in 1956. As a direct result of the rating, United Artists decided to release the film under the banner of Lopert Pictures, a subsidiary previously used for imported films. In 2002 a print was shown in several U.S. cities containing the originally-shot seduction scene in Polly's trailer (seen in European exhibition), rather than the tamer replacement Wilder has supplied in hope of satisfying the Catholic Legion of Decency. Wilder rarely mentioned the film in later interviews, although he discussed it briefly for On Sunset Boulevard: The Life and Times of Billy Wilder, a biography by Ed Sikov. "I don't know why the film shocked people. It's the most bourgeois film there is," he declared. "A man wants a career and the person who wants to help him wants to sleep with his wife. He replaces his wife with another, but when he is nearest to success, he refuses it and throws the guy out . . . The public accepted it better in The Apartment because it was better conceived, better written, better lubricated." Wilder also discussed Kiss Me, Stupid in director Cameron Crowe's 1998 book Conversations With Wilder, citing his admiration for Dean Martin, saying "there was much more, 90 percent more, to him than just the jokester. I am a sucker for Dean Martin. I thought he was the funniest man in Hollywood." The movie's use of an unflattering version of Dean Martin ("Dino") was a forerunner of the current trend of celebrities doing comic send-ups of themselves on film. Critical reception Like The Carpetbaggers of the same year, the film was widely considered to be vulgar by critics. It became one of the targets for denunciations of the negative impact of films on society. Bosley Crowther blamed both films for giving American movies the reputation of "deliberate and degenerate corruptors of public taste and morals". A. H. Weiler of the New York Times called the film "pitifully unfunny" and "obvious, plodding, short on laughs and performances and long on vulgarity." He added, "The finesse, speed, artistry and imagination of . . . Some Like It Hot are sadly missing in this pungent exercise. Instead, we have cheapness that will not shock a grownup. However, this heavy-handed sex fable does call for a light, subtle approach that is rarely apparent." The Time review called the film "a jape that seems to have scraped its blue-black humor off the floor of a honky-tonk nightclub" and "professionally shrewd and zippy [with] a kind of vulgar integrity." It concluded, "The result, spelled out in dialogue that sounds like a series of gamy punch lines, is one of the longest traveling-salesman stories ever committed to film. Like all dirty jokes, it will probably evoke a shock wave of self-conscious laughter and pass swiftly into oblivion." Variety said the script "calls for a generous seasoning of Noël Coward but, unfortunately, it provides a dash of same only now and again . . . Wilder, usually a director of considerable flair and inventiveness (if not always impeccable taste), has not been able this time out to rise above a basically vulgar, as well as creatively delinquent, screenplay, and he has got at best only plodding help from two of his principals, Dean Martin and Kim Novak . . . [He] has directed with frontal assault rather than suggestive finesse." Michael Scheinfeld of TV Guide rated the film 31⁄2 out of four stars, calling it "a kind of cinematic litmus test that separates the casual Billy Wilder fan from the true connoisseur" and "a monument of satirical tastelessness that . . . in retrospect, is now seen as one of Wilder's most fascinatingly original films." He added, "Amid the [original] furor, it's easy to miss the film's comedic accomplishments, which are considerable. Its idiomatic wordplay and social satire is vintage Wilder, and the opening sequence where Dino performs in a nightclub is one of the funniest things that Wilder has ever done. Sprinkling in bad jokes and Rat Pack references, Dean Martin's comic timing and delivery is impeccable . . . The rest of the cast is equally superb, right down to the smallest bit part . . . although Ray Walston's relentless mugging becomes a bit much." In 2002, J. Hoberman of The Village Voice discussed the film when Film Forum in Manhattan ran a restored print. He observed, "The first half is an unending parade of smutty gags and single entendres, with a few toilet jokes thrown in for good measure. The constant tumult in the Spooners' cramped bungalow betrays the movie's stage origins, and indeed, Climax itself is an appropriately desolate stage-set. Kiss Me, Stupid is likely Wilder's harshest view of the American landscape since the orchestrated media feeding frenzy of Ace in the Hole . . . The rancid atmosphere conceals the virtues of the movie's classical structure, detailed mise-en-scène, and deft comic timing . . . Kiss Me, Stupid'''s mutually redemptive adultery is closer to the grown-up world of John Cassavetes's Faces than to Wilder's adolescent Seven Year Itch'' — but it's ultimately a more knowingly tolerant, not to mention funnier, movie than either." Home media Olive Films released the film on DVD and Blu-Ray February 17, 2015. See also List of American films of 1964 References External links 1964 films 1960s English-language films 1960s sex comedy films American black-and-white films Films about adultery in the United States Films scored by André Previn Films about composers Films about prostitution in the United States Films about prostitution American films based on plays Films directed by Billy Wilder Films set in Nevada George Gershwin in film Films with screenplays by Billy Wilder Films with screenplays by I. A. L. Diamond United Artists films American sex comedy films Obscenity controversies in film 1964 comedy films 1960s American films
en	caselaw	US	IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF ALASKA PATRICK LEO SHORTY, Petitioner, No. 3:19-cv-00223-JKS vs. ORDER [Re: Motion at Docket No. 2 and Directing Service and Response] EARL L. HOUSER, Superintendent III, Goose Creek Correctional Center, Respondent. On August 13, 2019, Patrick L. Shorty, a state prisoner proceeding pro se, filed a Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus under 28 U.S.C. § 2254 (“Petition”). Docket No. 1. Shorty challenges the judgment of conviction following a jury trial entered by the Superior Court for the State of Alaska, Case Number 3AN-03-7796CR. Id. at 1. Shorty contends that his conviction should be overturned because it was obtained through an unlawful arrest and unconstitutional search and seizure, and his trial, appellate, and post-conviction relief counsel rendered ineffective assistance. Id. at 5. Shorty asserts that the grounds for relief raised in his Petition have been brought in the Alaska state courts, including the Alaska Supreme Court, as required by § 2254(b). Docket No. 1 at 5-6. Pursuant to the Rules Governing Section 2254 Cases, the Court must review the Petition to determine whether “it plainly appears from the face of the petition and any attached exhibits -1- that the petitioner is not entitled to relief in the district court.” Rules Governing § 2254 Cases, Rule 4. See 28 U.S.C. § 2243. After a preliminary review, it does not plainly appear from his Petition that Shorty is not entitled to relief.1 Shorty concurrently moves for the appointment of counsel to assist him in these proceedings. Docket No. 2. While this Court is not unmindful of the plight of unrepresented state prisoners in federal habeas proceedings, there is no constitutional right to counsel in federal habeas proceedings. See Lawrence v. Florida, 549 U.S. 327, 336-37 (2007) (citing Coleman v. Thompson, 501 U.S. 722, 756-57 (1991)). Appointment of counsel is not required in a habeas corpus proceeding in the absence of an order granting discovery or an evidentiary hearing. See Rules Governing Section 2254 Cases in the U.S. District Courts, Rule 6(a), 8(c). This Court may under the Criminal Justice Act appoint counsel in this case if it determines that the interests of justice so require. 28 U.S.C. § 2254(h); 18 U.S.C. § 3006A(a)(2)(B); see Weygandt v. Look, 718 F.2d 952, 954 (9th Cir. 1983) (“In deciding whether to appoint counsel in a habeas proceeding, the district court must evaluate the likelihood of success on the merits as well as the ability of the petitioner to articulate his claims pro se in light of the complexity of the legal issues involved.”). At this time, Shorty’s request for counsel is premature. The Court cannot determine whether appointment of counsel is warranted in this case until it is able to thoroughly review the 1 The Petition indicates that Shorty filed a petition for post-conviction relief in state court on October 15, 2012, Case No. 3AN-09-11007CI, more than three years after his convictions for first-degree sexual assault, resisting or interfering with arrest, and fourth-degree assault were affirmed by the Alaska Court of Appeals in Case No. A-9942. If true, the delay in filing would raise timeliness concerns given the one-year limitations period in which a state prisoner may file a federal habeas petition challenging his or her state conviction under 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d)(1). The Court takes judicial notice, however, that the records of the Alaska Court System indicate that Case No. 3AN-09-11007CI was filed on October 5, 2009. See http://records.courts.alaska.gov. Judicial notice is “[a] court’s acceptance, for purposes of convenience and without requiring a party’s proof, of a well-known and indisputable fact; the court’s power to accept such a fact.” Black’s Law Dictionary (10th ed. 2014); see also Headwaters Inc. v. U.S. Forest Service, 399 F.3d 1047, 1051 n. 3 (9th Cir. 2005) (“Materials from a proceeding in another tribunal are appropriate for judicial notice.”) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). -2- briefing in its entirety. The Court will therefore deny, without prejudice to renew, Shorty’s motion for appointment of counsel. The Court will not reconsider a motion to appoint counsel until it has thoroughly reviewed Respondent’s answer to the Petition. IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED: 1. The motion at Docket No. 2 for appointment of counsel pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3006A is DENIED WITHOUT PREJUDICE. 2. The Clerk of the Court is directed to serve this order and the Petition at Docket No. 1 on: Tamara DeLucia Office of Criminal Appeals 1031 W. 4th Ave, Suite 200 Anchorage, Alaska 99501 3. By agreement between the Court and the Office of Criminal Appeals, the Office of Criminal Appeals will accept service on behalf of the Respondent.2 Once an attorney is assigned to this case by the Office of Criminal Appeals, that attorney shall immediately—and in no more than fourteen (14) days from the date of this order—file a notice of appearance. 4. Respondent shall file and serve either an answer or a motion in response to the Petition within sixty (60) days from the date of this Order. See Rule 4, Rules Governing § 2254 Cases. The Court also notes its preference that procedural issues be addressed concurrently with the merits of the habeas petition. Any response shall be accompanied by any and all transcripts or other documents relevant to the determination of the issues presented in the application. See Rules 4 and 5, Rules Governing § 2254 Cases. This should include a copy of: (1) any brief that the Petitioner submitted in an appellate court contesting the conviction or sentence, or contesting an adverse judgment or order in 2 In this regard, Respondent has waived Federal Habeas Corpus Rule 4 regarding service. -3- a post-conviction proceeding; (2) any brief that the prosecution submitted in an appellate court relating to the conviction or sentence; and (3) the opinions and dispositive orders of the state appellate courts relative to the conviction or sentence. 5. Shorty’s reply, if any, shall be filed and served within thirty (30) days of service of an answer. Dated at Anchorage, Alaska this 28th day of August, 2019. s/James K. Singleton, Jr. JAMES K. SINGLETON, JR. Senior United States District Judge -4-
en	wikipedia	N/A	Boliqueime is a Portuguese village and freguesia ("civil parish"), located in the municipality of Loulé, in the region of Algarve. The population in 2011 was 4,973, in an area of 46.21 km2. The urbanized core of the village is about 50 m to 95 m above sea level. Located in central Algarve, 27 km from Faro International Airport it is a well preserved small village less than 20 minutes away from both the inland city of Loulé, the seat of the municipality, and the coastal settlements of Vilamoura, a famed resort with marina, and Albufeira, a city by the sea with some of the most popular beaches in the region. Notable people Aníbal Cavaco Silva, President of Portugal from 2006 to 2016 and Prime Minister of Portugal from 1985 to 1995, was born in this village in 1939. Lídia Jorge, novelist and author as well as a member of Portugal's Council of State. Gallery References Freguesias of Loulé
en	caselaw	US	Case 4:19-cv-00696-O Document 1 Filed 09/04/19 Page 1 of 19 PageID 1 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS – FORT WORTH DIVISION : SHERLEY WOODS, as Administratrix for the : ESTATE OF O’SHEA TERRY, : : AND : Civil Action No. ____________ : TERRENCE HARMON : Plaintiffs, : JURY TRIAL DEMANDED v. : : THE CITY OF ARLINGTON, TEXAS : c/o Teris Solis, City Attorney : 101 S. Mesquite St. : Suite 300 : Arlington, TX 76010 : : AND : : BAU TRAN, : : Grand Prairie, Texas : : Defendants. PLAINTIFF’S COMPLAINT NOW COMES Sherley Woods, as Administratrix for the Estate of O’Shea Terry, and Terrence Harmon, Plaintiffs, complaining of Defendants the City of Arlington, Texas (“the City”), and Bau Tran, and for cause would show the Honorable Court as follows: 1. On September 1, 2018 O’Shea Terry was shot and killed by Arlington Police Department (“APD”) Officer Bau Tran, who acted in an unreasonable and subjective manner. 2. Officer Tran fired his gun repeatedly across the face of Terrence Harmon and struck and killed O’Shae Terry. 1 Case 4:19-cv-00696-O Document 1 Filed 09/04/19 Page 2 of 19 PageID 2 3. Redacted and limited video evidence of the incident was released by the Arlington Police Department and can be watched at the following URL: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bh08la7J0_s]. NATURE OF THE ACTION 4. This is an action brought by the Plaintiffs against Defendants, the City of Arlington and its agent and servant, Police Officer Bau Tran for his use of excessive and deadly force under the color of state law resulting in the unlawful shooting death of O’Shea Terry (“Terry”) in violation of his rights under the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution secured pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. 5. This action also asserts state law claims for assault and battery against the City of Arlington and its agent and servant Bau Tran. 6. Plaintiff alleges that the City of Arlington failed to properly train, supervise, screen, discipline, transfer, counsel or otherwise properly equip and control officers including those who are known, or who should have been known, to engage in the use of excessive force and/or deadly force. 7. The City had a duty, but failed to implement and/or enforce training, policies, practices and procedures for the APD that respected Plaintiffs’ constitutional rights. 8. Defendant City’s failure to adequately supervise, discipline, and train Defendant Tran, failure to implement the necessary policies and procedures, and affirmative implementation of unconstitutional policies caused Plaintiffs’ unwarranted and excruciating physical and mental anguish and, in the case of Mr. Terry, death. 9. Defendant Tran acted in an objectively unreasonable manner and disregarded the rights of Plaintiffs, knowing that the City would approve and/or ratify his actions. 2 Case 4:19-cv-00696-O Document 1 Filed 09/04/19 Page 3 of 19 PageID 3 10. For these civil rights violations and other causes of action discussed herein, Plaintiffs seek redress and compensation for damages and the wrongful death of O’Shae Terry. PARTIES 11. Plaintiff, Sherley Woods, is the duly appointed administrator for the Estate of O’Shae Terry, deceased, and is an adult individual and a resident of the state of Texas. 12. Plaintiff, Sherley Woods, has been designated as Administrator of the Estate of O’Shae Terry as she is next of kin under Texas intestacy laws. 13. Plaintiff Terrence Harmon in an adult individual and a resident of the state of Texas. 14. Defendant Officer Bau Tran, is and/or was a police officer with the Arlington Police Department. Upon information and belief, he is a resident of the state of Texas. Defendant Tran may be served at the above captioned address or wherever he may be found. 15. Defendant the City of Arlington, Texas is a municipality duly organized and existing under the laws of the state of Texas. Defendant the City of Arlington is responsible for the funding, budget, policies, operation, and oversight of the Arlington Police Department (“APD”). The APD is also responsible for preventive, investigative, and enforcement services for all citizens of the City of Arlington. The City of Arlington may be served at via the Office of the City Attorney 101 S. Mesquite St. Suite 300 Arlington, TX 76010. JURISDICTION AND VENUE 16. Jurisdiction exists in this Honorable Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331 and 1343 as this action is brought pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983 to redress a deprivation of the Fourth Amendment rights of the decedent O’Shea Terry and co-Plaintiff Terrence Harmon. 3 Case 4:19-cv-00696-O Document 1 Filed 09/04/19 Page 4 of 19 PageID 4 Plaintiffs further invokes the supplemental jurisdiction of this Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1367 to adjudicate pendent state law claims. 17. Venue is proper in this Honorable Court as Defendants’ constitutional violations and intentional torts and otherwise violative conduct occurred within the Northern District of Texas. FACTS 18. On or about, September 1, 2018 at approximately 1:40 p.m., O’Shae Terry and his passenger, Terrence Harmon, were stopped at or near the 2200 block of California Lane in Arlington, TX by Arlington Police Officer Julie Herlihy after she allegedly observed Terry's temporary registration tag was approximately three days expired. 19. Both Terry and Harmon provided Officer Herlihy proper identifying information which she used to verify their identities. 20. Nonetheless, Officer Herlihy continued to detain the two men alleging she smelled marijuana emanating from the vehicle. 21. A second officer, Defendant Tran, arrived on the scene and approached Mr. Terry's vehicle from the passenger side. 22. Tran ordered the men to lower their windows and to shut off the vehicle's engine, to which they complied. 23. Throughout the entirety of the encounter, Tran was positioned adjacent to the passenger side door of Mr. Terry’s vehicle. 24. At no point in time was Tran positioned in the path of the vehicle nor exposed to any risk of harm or injury by Terry or Harmon. 25. Mr. Terry rolled the windows of the SUV upward and started moving forward. 4 Case 4:19-cv-00696-O Document 1 Filed 09/04/19 Page 5 of 19 PageID 5 26. Defendant Tran proceeded to grab onto the passenger window and climb onto the side of the vehicle, while reaching for his service weapon with his right hand. 27. As Terry's vehicle began to move forward, Tran stuck his gun through the passenger window – mere inches away from the face of Harmon – and fired at least four shots at Terry. 28. The bullets struck Terry once in his left thigh and three times in his torso. 29. Harmon, fearing he would also be shot, suffered extreme and severe mental and emotional distress, agony and anxiety. Harmon continues to deal with the psychological trauma of fearing for his life. 30. After being struck by several bullets, Terry lost control of the vehicle which careened forward into traffic before veering off the road and onto an adjacent sidewalk. 31. Plaintiff Harmon was forced to grab the steering wheel from the passenger seat and steer the vehicle back onto the road. 32. Harmon then reached down with his hand and removed Terry's leg from the gas pedal and pressed the break with his hand in order to bring the vehicle to a stop. 33. Harmon then exited the vehicle and pulled Terry from the driver seat and attempted to render aid to Terry who was then in excruciating pain and bleeding profusely as a result of the multiple gunshot wounds. 34. While Plaintiff Harmon attempted to provide medical aid to Terry, officers arrived and forced Harmon to the ground and placed him under arrest. 35. Terry was eventually transferred to Medical City Arlington Hospital by EMS where he later died from his injuries. 36. Following an investigation, the Tarrant County District Attorney secured an indictment of Tran on the charge of criminally negligent homicide. 5 Case 4:19-cv-00696-O Document 1 Filed 09/04/19 Page 6 of 19 PageID 6 37. As of the date of filing this Complaint, the charge against Tran remains pending. FAILURES OF THE ARLINGTON POLICE DEPARTMENT 38. Over the past five years, the Arlington Police Department has been in disarray with misconduct, racial bias, and violations of civil rights. 39. These incidents evidence a department wide disdain for the rule of law and a general culture lacking leadership and discipline. 40. Officers regularly violate the civil rights of citizens and exhibit public disdain for minorities, in particular black males. 41. This general departmental disdain for the rule of law, the rights of individuals, and principles of fairness is evidenced by two separate scandals implicating not just APD patrol officers, but also APD leadership. Ticket Quota Scandal 42. In 2016, sixteen APD officers were embroiled in a scandal which forced their resignation. 43. The APD officers admitted to writing fake parking tickets and reports. 44. The officers stated that the fraudulent tickets were written as a result of pressure from APD leadership. 45. The officers stated that APD leadership had implemented a quota that officers must reach. 46. Quotas for parking citations are illegal under Texas law. Excessive Force, Evidence Destruction, and a Cover-up 47. In July of 2017, APD Officer Chad Haning took the 14-year-old son of Latasha Nelson into custody. 48. Ms. Nelson videotaped the incident. 6 Case 4:19-cv-00696-O Document 1 Filed 09/04/19 Page 7 of 19 PageID 7 49. Ms. Nelson’s 14-year-old son was taken into custody without incident. 50. An argument broke out between APD officer Haning and Ms. Nelson due to Haning’s brusque nature and his refusal to inform Ms. Nelson where he was taking the 14-year- old boy. 51. During the course of the argument, APD officer Haning threw Ms. Nelson’s 16-year- old son “John” Nelson to the ground, slapped him, and handcuffed him without any reason. 52. “John” Nelson did not assault Haning, nor was he posing a threat to Haning, his partner, or any other individual. 53. APD officers seized the cellphone on which the incident was recorded. When Ms. Nelson attempted to retrieve the phone, APD officers attempted to cover up the excessive force and misconduct by offering to drop the charges against the children in exchange for the video. 54. The attempted cover-up of this incident was continued by APD brass when APD Deputy Chief James Lowery ordered Lt. Michael Moses to destroy the original use of force report prepared by Haning. 55. Lt. Moses complied with the order by shredding the use of force report. Custom of Using Excessive Force to Resolve Interactions 56. APD officers are woefully undertrained in de-escalation processes. 57. Additionally, APD officers have adopted a custom of utilizing excessive – and frequently deadly – force to resolve normal police encounters. 58. This custom is evidenced by multiple incidents involving APD officers within just the past few years. 7 Case 4:19-cv-00696-O Document 1 Filed 09/04/19 Page 8 of 19 PageID 8 Jonathan Paul 59. In March of 2015, APD officers Pedro Medina and Steven Schmidt entered the jail cell of Jonathan Paul where they utilized pepper spray, assaulted, and restrained Paul. 60. Paul became unresponsive during the assault and died at a hospital four days later when his family removed him from life support. 61. APD officers Medina and Schmidt retired during the investigation of the incident. 62. Both officers were indicted on charges of criminally negligent homicide. 63. Medina pled guilty to assault causing bodily injury and Schmidt pled guilty to official oppression. 64. As a result of the incident, the City of Arlington settled a wrongful death lawsuit for $1.25 million. Christian Taylor 65. In August of 2015, APD officers encountered college football player Christian Taylor at a car dealership in Arlington. 66. Taylor was suffering from the effects of marijuana and synthetic drugs and had broken into the dealership. 67. APD officer Brad Miller, a rookie, confronted Taylor and ordered him to get down on the ground. 68. Taylor was unarmed at the time and posed no danger to anyone. 69. Taylor did not comply with APD officer Miller’s commands and began walking towards Miller. 70. At that time, Miller suddenly and without justification discharged his firearm at least four times, killing Taylor. 8 Case 4:19-cv-00696-O Document 1 Filed 09/04/19 Page 9 of 19 PageID 9 71. As a result of the incident, the City of Arlington settled a wrongful death lawsuit for $880,000. Tavis Crane 72. In February of 2017, APD officers stopped a vehicle being driven by Tavis Crane with Dwight Jefferson, Valencia Johnson, and Crane’s infant child as passengers. 73. Crane was not armed and there were no weapons in the vehicle. 74. APD officers ordered Crane from the vehicle but he refused to exit. 75. APD officer Craig Roper and Corporal Elise Bowden then attempted to remove Crane from the vehicle by force and Crane resisted. 76. APD officer Roper then suddenly and without justification began discharging his weapon at Crane, striking him multiple times. 77. Crane then attempted to drive the vehicle away. 78. Crane died the following day from the gunshot wounds he sustained. 79. As a result of the incident, a wrongful death suit was filed in this Court in February of 2019 and remains active. Gabriel Olivas 80. In July of 2017, APD officers responded to Mr. Olivas home after receiving a report that he was suicidal. 81. Upon APD officers’ arrival, Mr. Olivas was threatening to kill himself and had doused himself in gasoline. 82. Mr. Olivas was distraught and seeking attention. 83. Mr. Olivas never ignited a lighter or any other device to catch himself on fire. 84. There was no indication to any officer responding to the scene that Mr. Olivas was a threat to anyone other than himself. 9 Case 4:19-cv-00696-O Document 1 Filed 09/04/19 Page 10 of 19 PageID 10 85. Nonetheless, two APD officers fired their tasers at Mr. Olivas causing him to catch fire and burn. 86. Mr. Olivas passed away as a result of the burns a few days later. 87. As a result of the incident, a wrongful death suit was filed in this Court in June of 2019 and remains active. Maggie Brooks 88. In August of 2019, an APD officer approached Maggie Brooks and her dog as they were lying in the grass. 89. The APD officer asked Ms. Brooks if she was ok and Brooks responded, “I’m fine.” 90. As the officer walked towards Brooks, the dog approached and the officer asked “Is that your dog?” 91. The officer then drew his firearm and discharged multiple times. 92. His shots struck Ms. Brooks killing her. Pattern of Racial Hostility 93. The APD has a documented history of conscious or unconscious bias against black males evidenced both by the statements of APD officers and APD statistics on the use of deadly force. 94. Of the incidents described above, Jonathan Paul, Christian Taylor, Tavis Crane, and “John” Nelson are all black males. 95. The City of Arlington is ranked third in the state of Texas for deadly police encounters and over 70% of those shootings involve black males. 96. There have also been multiple documented incidents of APD officers using racially derogatory statements towards blacks, including the use of a racial slur by APD Police Chief Will Johnson. 10 Case 4:19-cv-00696-O Document 1 Filed 09/04/19 Page 11 of 19 PageID 11 97. In March of 2019, a complaint was filed against APD Chief Johnson alleging he used the “n-word” – a racial epithet for blacks. 98. The complaint also brought to light a previously non-public incident from 2018 when an officer was suspended for only eight hours after stating “there also aren’t a lot of black or Hispanic females that are worth a shit around here.” WRONGFUL DEATH ACTION 99. Plaintiff, Sherley Woods, as Administratrix of the Estate of O’Shae Terry, deceased, hereby brings Wrongful Death claims in the Counts infra pursuant to 4 Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. § 71.001 et seq. (“the Texas Wrongful Death Statute”), on behalf of all those persons entitled by law to recover damages as a result of the wrongful death of O’Shae Terry. 100. Shirley Woods, as mother of O’Shae Terry, is entitled to wrongful death benefits under the statute. 101. No other action has been brought to recover for Mr. Terry’s death under the aforementioned statute. 102. Plaintiff claims all available damages under the Texas Wrongful Death Statute for financial contributions and the loss of future services, support, society, comfort, affection, guidance, tutelage, and contribution that the Plaintiff’s decedent, O’Shae Terry, would have rendered to the wrongful death beneficiaries but for his traumatic, untimely and unnatural death. 103. Plaintiff claims damages for payment for all medical bills and/or expenses. 104. Plaintiff claims damages for payment of funeral and burial expenses. 11 Case 4:19-cv-00696-O Document 1 Filed 09/04/19 Page 12 of 19 PageID 12 SURVIVAL ACTION 105. Plaintiff also brings Survival claims in the Counts described infra under the Texas Survival Statute, 4 Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. § 71.021 et seq. (“the Texas Survival Statute”), for all damages recoverable under the Statute, including but not limited to, loss of income both past and future income potential, as well as, pain and suffering prior to death, and for emotional distress suffered by Plaintiff’s decedent, O’Shae Terry, from the initiation of the assault upon him until the ultimate cause of his death. COUNT I: 42 U.S.C. § 1983 EXCESSIVE FORCE ADMINISTRATRIX WOODS AGAINST DEFENDANT, OFFICER BAU TRAN 106. Plaintiff hereby incorporates all preceding paragraphs as if fully stated herein. 107. Plaintiff would show that Defendant Tran's actions on the date at issue in this Complaint deprived Terry of his constitutional rights. 108. Plaintiff would show that Defendant Tran failed to act as an objectively reasonable officer would have acted in the same or similar circumstances. That is, Defendant Tran, without legal or necessary justification or the need to do so, used excessive and deadly force as described above and killed O’Shae Terry. 109. Plaintiff would show that Defendant Tran denied Terry of his right to be free from the use of excessive force in violation of the 4th Amendment to the United States Constitution. 110. The force used by Defendant Tran was objectively unnecessary, excessive and unreasonable under the circumstances, as Terry did not pose an immediate threat to the safety of Defendant Tran or others. Defendant Tran embarked on a willful, malicious, reckless and outrageous course of conduct that was intended to cause and, in 12 Case 4:19-cv-00696-O Document 1 Filed 09/04/19 Page 13 of 19 PageID 13 fact did cause Terry’s death and plaintiff to suffer extreme and severe mental and emotional distress, anxiety, terror and agony. WHEREFORE, Plaintiff demands judgment in her favor, and against Defendant Tran pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983, in an amount in excess of One Million Dollars ($1,000,000.00), including interest, delay damages, costs of suit, general and specific damages, including both survival and wrongful death damages, exemplary damages as provided by law, attorneys’ fees under 42 U.S.C. § 1985 and 1988, and any other remedies legally appropriate. COUNT II: MUNICIPAL LIABILITY ADMINISTRATRIX WOODS AGAINST DEFENDANT, THE CITY OF ARLINGTON 111. Plaintiff hereby incorporates all preceding paragraphs as if fully stated herein. 112. The conduct of Defendant Tran as set forth in the preceding paragraphs evinces the excessive and unreasonable use of force in violation of O’Shae Terry’s constitutional rights. 113. The conduct set forth supra evinces a custom of using excessive or improper force, a pattern of disregard for the rule of law, a pattern of racial discrimination against black citizens, and a practice of training and disciplinary failures resulting in officers ill- equipped to handle citizen confrontations equipped with firearms and the authority of law. 114. The City of Arlington exhibited wanton and deliberate indifference to the constitutional rights of its citizens by paying only lip service to formal policymaking and completely ignoring the multiple signs that the Arlington Police force regularly utilized unnecessary and excessive force, lacked proper training on how to confront citizens and what level of force to use, lacked adequate training in de-escalation tactics, lacked adequate training in techniques for detaining individuals in motor vehicles, lacked 13 Case 4:19-cv-00696-O Document 1 Filed 09/04/19 Page 14 of 19 PageID 14 adequate training on identifying an actual or imminent threat of death or serious bodily injury, had a custom and culture set forth by the administration that ignored the rule of law, had a custom and culture set forth by the administration which discriminated against black citizens and tolerated such discrimination. 115. These customs, patterns, and practices were a moving force in the deprivation of O’Shae Terry’s constitutional rights. 116. By reason of the aforementioned customs, policies, and practices of Defendant, Plaintiff’s beneficiary experienced severe pain and suffering and the loss of her son, for which she is entitled to recover damages. The aforementioned acts and omissions also caused decedent's pain and suffering, loss of enjoyment of life, and death. 117. Plaintiff seeks survival damages, as stated above, including for the nature and extent of Decedent’s injuries, pre-death pain and suffering, emotional distress, and loss of life and enjoyment of life, as well as all available wrongful death damages available under the law. WHEREFORE, Plaintiff demands judgment in his favor, and against Defendant the City of Arlington pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983, in an amount in excess of One Million Dollars ($1,000,000.00), including interest, delay damages, costs of suit, general and specific damages, including both survival and wrongful death damages, exemplary damages as provided by law, attorneys’ fees under 42 U.S.C. § 1985 and 1988, and any other damages legally appropriate at the time of jury trial. COUNT III - ASSAULT AND BATTERY ADMINISTRATRIX WOODS AGAINST DEFENDANT BAU TRAN 118. Plaintiff hereby incorporates all preceding paragraphs as if fully stated herein. 14 Case 4:19-cv-00696-O Document 1 Filed 09/04/19 Page 15 of 19 PageID 15 119. At or about the dates and places alleged herein, Defendant Tran, while acting within the course and scope of his duties as a Police Officer for the Arlington PD, without provocation, warrant, necessity, or legal justification, assaulted and battered O’Shea Terry by pointing his gun at Terry and shooting him at least four (4) times, thereby causing Terry’s injuries and death as herein described. 120. Plaintiff seeks survival damages, as stated above, including for the nature and extent of Decedent’s injuries, pre-death pain and suffering, emotional distress, and loss of life and enjoyment of life, as well as all available wrongful death damages available under the law. WHEREFORE, Plaintiff demands judgment in his favor, and against Defendant Tran, in an amount in excess of One Million Thousand Dollars ($1,000,000.00), including interest, delay damages, costs of suit, general and specific damages, including both survival and wrongful death damages, exemplary damages as provided by law, and any other damages legally appropriate at the time of jury trial. COUNT IV – PUNITIVE AND EXEMPLARY DAMAGES ADMINISTRATRIX WOODS AGAINST DEFENDANT TRAN 121. Plaintiff hereby incorporates all preceding paragraphs as if fully stated herein. 122. The conduct of Defendant Tran was malicious, willful, and wanton. 123. Accordingly, Plaintiff requests punitive and exemplary damages to deter this type of conduct in the future. In the alternative, such heedless and reckless disregard of Terry’s rights, safety and welfare is more than momentary thoughtlessness, inadvertence or misjudgment. Such unconscionable conduct goes beyond the bounds of acceptable society, and as such Plaintiff requests punitive and exemplary damages be awarded against Defendants Tran. 15 Case 4:19-cv-00696-O Document 1 Filed 09/04/19 Page 16 of 19 PageID 16 COUNT V: 42 U.S.C. § 1983 EXCESSIVE FORCE TERRENCE HARMON AGAINST DEFENDANT, OFFICER BAU TRAN 124. Plaintiff hereby incorporates all preceding paragraphs as if fully stated herein. 125. Plaintiff would show that Defendant Tran's actions on the date at issue in this Complaint deprived Harmon of his constitutional rights. 126. Plaintiff would show that Defendant Tran failed to act as an objectively reasonable officer would have acted in the same or similar circumstances. That is, Defendant Tran, without legal or necessary justification or the need to do so, used excessive and deadly force as described above by pointing his firearm across Harmon’s face and discharging it, killing Terry. 127. Plaintiff would show that Defendant Tran denied Harmon of his right to be free from the use of excessive force in violation of the 4th Amendment to the United States Constitution. 128. The force used by Defendant Tran was objectively unnecessary, excessive and unreasonable under the circumstances, as neither Harmon nor Terry presented an immediate threat to the safety of Defendant Tran or others. Defendant Tran embarked on a willful, malicious, reckless and outrageous course of conduct that was intended to cause and, in fact did cause severe distress to Harmon as well as Terry’s death. WHEREFORE, Plaintiff demands judgment in his favor, and against Defendant Tran pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983, in an amount in excess of One Million Dollars ($1,000,000.00), including interest, delay damages, costs of suit, general and specific damages, exemplary damages as provided by law, attorneys’ fees under 42 U.S.C. § 1985 and 1988, and any other remedies legally appropriate. 16 Case 4:19-cv-00696-O Document 1 Filed 09/04/19 Page 17 of 19 PageID 17 COUNT VI: MUNICIPAL LIABILITY TERRENCE HARMON AGAINST DEFENDANT, THE CITY OF ARLINGTON 129. Plaintiff hereby incorporates all preceding paragraphs as if fully stated herein. 130. The conduct of Defendant Tran as set forth in the preceding paragraphs evinces the excessive and unreasonable use of force in violation of Terrence Harmon’s constitutional rights. 131. The conduct set forth supra evinces a custom of using excessive or improper force, a pattern of disregard for the rule of law, a pattern of racial discrimination against black citizens, and a practice of training and disciplinary failures resulting in officers ill- equipped to handle citizen confrontations equipped with firearms and the authority of law. 132. The City of Arlington exhibited wanton and deliberate indifference to the constitutional rights of its citizens by paying only lip service to formal policymaking and completely ignoring the multiple signs that the Arlington Police force regularly utilized unnecessary and excessive force, lacked proper training on how to confront citizens and what level of force to use, lacked adequate training in de-escalation tactics, lacked adequate training in techniques for detaining individuals in motor vehicles, lacked adequate training on identifying an actual or imminent threat of death or serious bodily injury, had a custom and culture set forth by the administration that ignored the rule of law, had a custom and culture set forth by the administration which discriminated against black citizens and tolerated such discrimination. 133. These customs, patterns, and practices were a moving force in the deprivation of Terrence Harmon’s constitutional rights. 134. By reason of the aforementioned customs, policies, and practices of Defendant, Plaintiff experienced severe pain and suffering and mental anguish. 17 Case 4:19-cv-00696-O Document 1 Filed 09/04/19 Page 18 of 19 PageID 18 WHEREFORE, Plaintiff demands judgment in his favor, and against Defendant the City of Arlington pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983, in an amount in excess of One Million Dollars ($1,000,000.00), including interest, delay damages, costs of suit, general and specific damages, exemplary damages as provided by law, attorneys’ fees under 42 U.S.C. § 1985 and 1988, and any other damages legally appropriate at the time of jury trial. COUNT VII - ASSAULT TERRENCE HARMON AGAINST DEFENDANT BAU TRAN 135. Plaintiff hereby incorporates all preceding paragraphs as if fully stated herein. 136. At or about the dates and places alleged herein, Defendant Tran, while acting within the course and scope of his duties as a Police Officer for the Arlington PD, without provocation, warrant, necessity, or legal justification, assaulted Terrence Harmon by pointing his gun across the face of Harmon and discharging it repeatedly. 137. Plaintiff seeks damages, as stated above, including for the nature and extent of Decedent’s injuries, pre-death pain and suffering, emotional distress, and loss of life and enjoyment of life, as well as all available wrongful death damages available under the law. WHEREFORE, Plaintiff demands judgment in his favor, and against Defendant Tran, in an amount in excess of One Million Thousand Dollars ($1,000,000.00), including interest, delay damages, costs of suit, general and specific damages, exemplary damages as provided by law, and any other damages legally appropriate at the time of jury trial. COUNT VIII – PUNITIVE AND EXEMPLARY DAMAGES TERRENCE HARMON AGAINST DEFENDANT TRAN 138. Plaintiff hereby incorporates all preceding paragraphs as if fully stated herein. 139. The conduct of Defendant Tran was malicious, willful, and wanton. 18 Case 4:19-cv-00696-O Document 1 Filed 09/04/19 Page 19 of 19 PageID 19 140. Accordingly, Plaintiff requests punitive and exemplary damages to deter this type of conduct in the future. In the alternative, such heedless and reckless disregard of Harmon’s rights, safety and welfare is more than momentary thoughtlessness, inadvertence or misjudgment. Such unconscionable conduct goes beyond the bounds of acceptable society, and as such Plaintiff requests punitive and exemplary damages be awarded against Defendants Tran. WHEREFORE, Plaintiff demands judgment in his favor, and against Defendant Tran, in an amount in excess of One Million Dollars ($1,000,000.00), including interest, delay damages, costs of suit, general and specific damages, exemplary damages as provided by law, attorneys’ fees under U.S.C. 1985 and 1988, and any other damages legally appropriate at the time of jury trial. Respectfully submitted, MERRITT LAW FIRM /s/ S. Lee Merritt S. Lee Merritt, Esquire 1910 Pacific Ave., Suite 8000 Dallas, TX 75201 (215) 545-8800 lee@leemerrittesq.com McELDREW YOUNG Daniel N. Purtell, Esq. John J. Coyle, Esq. 123 S. Broad Street, Suite 2250 Philadelphia, PA 19109 (215) 545-8800 (215) 545-8805 (fax) dpurtell@mceldrewyoung.com jcoyle@mceldrewyoung.com Pro Hac Vice Admission Pending Dated: September 4, 2019 19
en	wikipedia	N/A	Marcel Sökler (born 26 March 1991) is a German footballer who plays as a striker for SGV Freiberg. Career Sökler began his professional career with 1. FC Saarbrücken, whom he joined in July 2012, and made his 3. Liga debut as a substitute for his brother, Sven, in a 1–0 win over VfB Stuttgart II. He moved to SV Waldhof Mannheim in July 2013. References External links 1991 births Living people German footballers TSG 1899 Hoffenheim II players 1. FC Saarbrücken players SV Waldhof Mannheim players VfB Stuttgart II players SGV Freiberg players 3. Liga players Regionalliga players Oberliga (football) players Association football forwards
en	wikipedia	N/A	One North Pennsylvania, formerly known as the Odd Fellows Building, is a neo-classical high-rise building in Indianapolis, Indiana. It was completed in 1908 and has 16 floors. It is primarily used for office space. Indianapolis-based Loftus Robinson LLC closed on the building on March 24, 2017, from Hollywood, Florida-based Naya USA Investment & Management LLC. Loftus Robinson plans to renovate the building's exterior and interior with the help of federal historic tax credits. The building is slated to become a Kimpton Hotel. See also List of tallest buildings in Indianapolis References External links One North Pennsylvania at Skyscraper Page One North Pennsylvania at Emporis Skyscraper office buildings in Indianapolis 1908 establishments in Indiana Office buildings completed in 1908 Neoclassical architecture in Indiana
es	wikipedia	N/A	Los gatos del Hermitage se encuentran en San Petersburgo, Rusia. El Museo Hermitage tiene un secretario de prensa dedicado a los gatos, y también tres cuidadores para ellos. Desde el siglo XVIII, ha habido gatos en el museo. En 1714, Isabel I, emperatriz de Rusia, dijo que el museo necesitaba a los gatos porque había ratas. Los gatos provienen de Kazán. Referencias Enlaces externos Gatos del Hermitage Mañueco, Rafael M. "Los gatos del Hermitage" (Archivo). ABC. 22 de octubre de 2012. "Cincuenta gatos custodian el Hermitage de Rusia" (Archivo). Antena 3. 17 de julio de 2011. Gatos famosos Historia de San Petersburgo San Petersburgo
en	wikipedia	N/A	The Struma operation was the occupation of a part of northeastern mainland Greece by the Bulgarian army, during the First World War between 17–23 August 1916. It was named after the Struma (Strymonas) river. Background In August 1916 Romania chose to join the war effort on the side of the Allies. The Allies planned a large offensive in the Macedonian front for the middle of August in order to support Romania's entry in the war and pin down as many Bulgarian forces as possible. The Bulgarian high command suspected an impending offensive and the fighting around Doiran that erupted on 9 August only confirmed these suspicions. On their part the Bulgarians had urged for an offensive in Macedonia since the beginning of the year and now planned a strike with the First Army and Second Army on both Allied flanks. On the western flank, the Chegan Offensive resulted in the conquest of Florina, but the First Army failed to take Chegan (today Agios Athanasios). The plan on the eastern flank was to seize the Drama-Komotini railway and this objective was given to the Bulgarian Second Army and the 10th Aegean Division. For the operation general Todorov could rely on 58 battalions, 116 machine guns, 57 artillery batteries and 5 cavalry squadrons in his army and an additional 25 battalions, 24 machine guns, 31 batteries and 5 squadrons in the 10th Division. Occupation and consequences The Struma Offensive began on 18 August with the 7th Rila, 11th Macedonian Division and the 3/2 Infantry Brigade and 10th Division advancing on a 230 kilometer long front. For six days the Bulgarian forces achieved all their objectives in the face of weak Greek and French resistance: following the ouster of pro-Entente Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos, the royal Greek government in Athens had demobilized it forces, and pursued a course of neutrality at all costs, even ordering the local Greek troops to not resist the Bulgarian invasion. The depth of the advance reached 80-90 kilometers and an area of 4,000 square kilometers was occupied. Most importantly however the Macedonian Front was shortened with 100 - 120 kilometers. In addition, the demobilized Greek IV Army Corps, under Col. Ioannis Hatzopoulos, numbering 464 officers and 6373 soldiers, that was positioned in the area but wasn't allowed by the Greek government to resist, was disbanded and its troops and armament were interned by the Germans in Görlitz for the rest of the war. General Nikolaos Christodoulou did not obey to the government and together with his men joined the Movement of National Defence, that broke out in Thessaloniki. The cities of Kavala, Drama and Serres were taken. Aftermath The refusal by the Greek government to defend this territory, won after hard fighting in the Second Balkan War of 1913, led to a coup by pro-Venizelist officers and the formation of the so-called "Provisional Government of National Defence". Greece joined the war in 1917 and eventually recovered all of the occupied territories in 1918, at the war's end. References Battles of the Balkans Theatre (World War I) Battles of World War I involving Bulgaria Battles of World War I involving Greece Battles of World War I involving France 1916 in Bulgaria August 1916 events
sk	other	N/A	KSNR/5Co/205/2017 Súd: Krajský súd Nitra Spisová značka: 5Co/205/2017 Identifikačné číslo súdneho spisu: 4413208615 Dátum vydania rozhodnutia: 28. 07. 2017 Meno a priezvisko sudcu, VSÚ: JUDr. Renáta Pátrovičová ECLI: ECLI:SK:KSNR:2017:4413208615.2 Uznesenie Krajský súd v Nitre, v senáte zloženom z predsedníčky senátu JUDr. Renáty Pátrovičovej a sudcov JUDr. Vladimíra Pribulu a JUDr. Borisa Minksa, v právnej veci žalobcu: Lawyer Partners a. s., so sídlom Bratislava, Prievozská 37, IČO: 35944471, proti žalovanej: T. W., bytom Q., Q. X, o zaplatenie 1,32 eura s príslušenstvom, o odvolaní žalobcu proti uzneseniu Okresného súdu Nové Zámky zo dňa 23. marca 2017, č. k. 11Ro/348/2013-36, takto 1. Okresný súd Nové Zámky (súd prvej inštancie v zmysle § 12 zákona č. 160/2015 Z. z. Civilný sporový poriadok, ďalej len „CSP“) uznesením zo dňa 23. marca 2017, č. k. 11Ro/348/2013-36 (ďalej len „napadnuté uznesenie“) konanie zastavil a zároveň rozhodol, že žalobcovi nepriznáva nárok na náhradu trov konania. V odôvodnení tohto rozhodnutia uviedol, že žalobca sa žalobným návrhom domáha voči žalovanej zaplatenia 1,32 eura (40,- Sk). Listom zo dňa 24. 03. 2013 adresovaným súdu prvej inštancie právna zástupkyňa žalobcu oznámila, že žalobca v roku 2006 doručil súdu prvej inštancie štandardné nosiče obsahujúce návrhy na vydanie platobných rozkazov vrátane príloh, ktoré boli podpísané zaručeným elektronickým podpisom a ich súčasťou mali byť aj sprievodné listy zo dňa 30. 03. 2006, 24. 06. 2006 a 19. 10. 2006. Na uvedené podania mal reagovať súd prvej inštancie listom, ktorým oznámil žalobcovi, že nemá k dispozícii elektronickú podateľňu, v dôsledku čoho nespĺňa podmienky zákona č. 215/2002 Z. z. o elektronickom podpise, a preto žalobcovi vrátila elektronické dokumenty. Ústavný súd SR resp. Európsky súd pre ľudské práva konštatoval, že postup súdu pri prijímaní daných podaní nebol legálny a došlo tým k porušeniu základných práv žalobcu. Zároveň bolo oznámené, že žalobca doručuje 46 DVD nosičov obsahujúcich žalobné návrhy spolu s prílohami. 2. Uznesením Krajského sudu v Nitre č. k. 5Co/88/2016-17 zo dňa 31. 05. 2016 odvolací súd zrušil uznesenie Okresného súdu Nové Zámky č. k. 11Ro/348/2013-12 zo dňa 04. 12. 2015, ktorým súd návrh na vydanie platobného rozkazu odmietol a vec mu vrátil na ďalšie konanie. 3. Poplatková povinnosť žalobcu vznikla podaním žaloby vo výške 16,50 eura za žalobu podľa položky 1a) Sadzobníka súdnych poplatkov. Keďže súdny poplatok zaplatený nebol, súd vyzval žalobcu na jeho zaplatenie výzvou zo dňa 03. 11. 2016, ktorú prevzal žalobca dňa 14. 11. 2016. O následkoch nezaplatenia súdneho poplatku súd žalobcu riadne poučil. Žalobca v uvedenej lehote a ani ku dňu vyhotovenia tohto uznesenia súdny poplatok nezaplatil. V danom prípade súd konanie zastavil podľa § 10 odsek 1 zákona číslo 71/1992 Zb. o súdnych poplatkoch v znení neskorších predpisov, pretože žalobca súdny poplatok za žalobu nezaplatil ani po uplynutí stanovenej lehoty, o následkoch nezaplatenia súdneho poplatku bol poučený a súd vo veci samej ešte konať nezačal . Výška súdneho poplatku za žalobu predstavuje 16,50 eura podľa položky 1 písm. a) sadzobníka súdnych poplatkov citovaného zákona. S argumentáciou žalobcu o nemožnosti súdu vyrúbiť súdny poplatok za žalobu sa súd nestotožnil. 4. Ďalej súd poukázal na Nález Ústavného súdu SR z 24. 06. 2008, sp. zn. II US 148/2008, v ktorom bolo vyslovené porušenie základného práva žalobcu na súdnu ochranu neprijatím podania, pričom sa však jednalo len o podanie z 24. 07. 2006 urobeného žalobcom elektronickou formou a podpísaného zaručeným elektronickým podpisom s tým, že právne účinky tohto podania zostávajú zachované s účinnosťou ku dňu jeho podania. Ak súd vychádza z citovaného nálezu Ústavného súdu SR, že žalobca podal v roku 2006 právne účinným spôsobom žalobný návrh v elektronickej podobe, tak treba rešpektovať aj právne účinky, ktoré toto konanie vyvolalo. Vyplýva z neho aj príkaz pre súd prvej inštancie, opätovne sa zaoberať podaním žalobcu ako žalobným návrhom. Základným predpokladom pre naplnenie tohto príkazu je, že žalobca po rozhodnutí Ústavného súdu SR znovu predloží Okresnému súdu, v tejto veci Okresnému súdu Nové Zámky, pôvodné podanie. Znamená to, že žalobcu zaťažuje povinnosť prvoinštančnému súdu doručiť pôvodné podanie z roku 2006, urobené elektronickou formou a podpísané zaručeným elektronickým podpisom (nie iné podanie). Z obsahu spisu však vyplýva, že žalobca tak neurobil. Ničím nedoložil, že podanie označené ako žaloba na vydanie platobného rozkazu o zaplatenie 40,- Sk zo dňa 23. 03. 2006 a doručené súdu dňa 26. 03. 2013 je identické s tým podaním, doručeným Okresnému súd Nové Zámky na DVD nosiči v roku 2006, na ktoré sa jednak vzťahuje citovaný nález Ústavného súdu SR a v tej spojitosti aj záver, že podanie bolo doručené s účinkami pôvodného doručenia. Za tejto situácie tak poplatková povinnosť žalobcovi vznikla nie ešte v roku 2006, ale až dňa 26. 03. 2013, a preto trojročná lehota na vyrubenie súdneho poplatku uvedená v § 13 ods. 1 citovaného zákona neuplynula. 5. O trovách konania rozhodol v zmysle ust. § 256 ods. 1 CSP a žalobcovi náhradu trov konania nepriznal, pretože mal za preukázané, že nezaplatením súdneho poplatku zo žaloby žalobcom tento zavinil zastavenie konania. 6. Proti tomuto uzneseniu súdu prvej inštancie podal žalobca včas odvolanie poukazujúc na § 205 ods. 2 písm. a/ OSP, v ktorom navrhol, aby Krajský súd v Nitre ako súd odvolací zrušil napadnuté uznesenie zrušil a vec mu vrátil na ďalšie konanie, pretože jeho názoru mu postupom prvoinštančného súdu bola odňatá možnosť konať pred súdom. Poukázal na to, že žalobou na vydanie platobného rozkazu podanou dňa 30. 03. 2006 na Okresnom súde Nové Zámky sa žalobca domáhal voči žalovanej zaplatenia istiny s príslušenstvom, ktorým boli trovy súdneho konania včítane trov právneho zastúpenia. Podanie v tejto veci urobil elektronickými prostriedkami podpísané zaručeným elektronickým podpisom podľa osobitného zákona, t. j. zákona č. 215/2002 Z. z. o elektronickom podpise a o zmene a doplnení niektorých zákonov v znení neskorších predpisov. Okresný súd Nové Zámky odmietol takto urobené podanie prijať a DVD nosiče vrátil žalobcovi späť. O prípustnosti tohto podania rozhodoval Ústavný súd Slovenskej republiky, ktorý Sťažnosť ako podanú oneskorene, rozhodnutím III. ÚS 131/07 odmietol. Následne sa preto žalobca domáhal vyslovenia porušenia svojho práva na Európskom súde pre ľudské práva v Štrasburgu. Tento súd dňa 16. 06. 2009 o sťažnosti žalobcu č. 3824/08, 3274/08, 3377/08, 3505/08, 3526/08, 3741/08, 3786/08, 3807/08, 54252/07, 15055/08, 29548/08, 29551/08, 29552/08, 29555/08, 29557/08 jednomyseľne rozhodol Rozsudkom okrem iného o tom, že prišlo k porušeniu Článku 6 ods.1 Dohovoru. Európsky súd pre ľudské práva jednomyseľne rozhodol, že Okresný súd Nové Zámky porušil žalobcovi právo na spravodlivé súdne konanie. V obdobných, resp. skutkovo totožných konaniach na Ústavnom súde Slovenskej republiky (podania podané žalobcom rovnakým spôsobom na DVD nosiči na všeobecných súdoch v Slovenskej republike), kde nebola sťažnosť podľa Ústavného súdu Slovenskej republiky podaná oneskorene, vyslovil Ústavný súd Slovenskej republiky záver, že Okresný súd ... porušil základné právo obchodnej spoločnosti Lawyer Partners, a. s., na súdnu ochranu podľa článku 46 ods. 1 Ústavy Slovenskej republiky a právo na spravodlivé súdne konanie podľa článku 6 ods. 1 Dohovoru o ochrane ľudských práv a základných slobôd neprijatím je podania z ... urobeného elektronickou formou a podpísaného zaručeným elektronickým podpisom a zároveň prvoinštančnému súdu prikázal konať vo veci predmetného podania obchodnej spoločnosti Lawyer Partners, a. s. (pôvodne B., a. s.), podľa príslušných ustanovení Občianskeho súdneho poriadku. Ďalej vyslovil Ústavný súd Slovenskej republiky uvedených Nálezoch záver, že Fyzické osoby alebo právnické osoby sú oprávnené podať (doručiť) všeobecnému súdu podanie, a teda aj žalobný návrh aj elektronickou formou podpísaný zaručeným elektronickým podpisom, v zmysle príslušných právnych predpisov. Aj z ústavného imperatívu „konať iba na základe ústavy, v jej medziach a v rozsahu a spôsobom, ktorý ustanoví zákon“ uvedeného v čl. 2 ods. 2 Ústavy Slovenskej republiky, možno vyvodiť príkaz adresovaný všetkým štátnym orgánom, a teda aj všeobecným súdom prijať každé podanie uskutočnené spôsobom, ktorý predpokladá a ustanovuje zákon. Ak tak dotknutý štátny orgán, v danom prípade všeobecný súd, neurobí, dopustí sa neprípustného zásahu do základných práv dotknutej fyzickej osoby alebo právnickej osoby, ktorému treba priznať ústavnoprávnu ochranu. Konanie, resp. nečinnosť dotknutého štátneho orgánu, ktorým tento nerešpektuje ústavný príkaz konkretizovaný v dotknutých ustanoveniach zákona, predstavuje porušenie základného práva aj za okolností, keď tento štátny orgán sám priamo nespôsobil stav, ktorý mu reálne znemožňuje nakladať s podaním fyzickej alebo právnickej osoby v čase jeho doručenia spôsobom ustanoveným zákonom. 7. Ďalej v Náleze vyslovil záver, že Vzhľadom na to, že ústavný súd vyslovil porušenie základného práva sťažovateľa podľa čl. 46 ods. 1 ústavy, ako aj jej práva podľa čl. 6 ods. 1 dohovoru, bolo v záujme účinnej ochrany jej práv, aby v zmysel čl. 127 ods. 2 ústavy a § 56 ods. 3 písm. d/ zákona o ústavnom súde obnovil stav pred porušením označených práv sťažovateľky. Preto ústavný súd vydal okresnému súdu príkaz, aby vo veci jej podania z ... opätovne konal podľa príslušných ustanovení Občianskeho súdneho poriadku (bod 2 výroku nálezu). V súlade s týmto príkazom bude povinnosťou okresného súdu opätovne sa zaoberať podaním sťažovateľky z ... ako žalobným návrhom, ktorý bol urobený zákonom ustanovenou formou a postupovať vo vzťahu k nemu podľa príslušných ustanovení Občianskeho súdneho poriadku, pričom právne účinky tohto podania zostanú zachované s účinnosťou ku dňu jeho podania. Na tomto zásadnom závere nemôže nič zmeniť prípadná okolnosť, že z technických príčin nemôže súd podanie žalobcu zaevidovať spätne ku dňu jeho doručenia. I tak bude povinnosťou okresného súdu vychádzať z toho, že podanie bolo doručené s účinkami pôvodného doručenia. 8. Žalobca v odvolaní ďalej uviedol, že Okresnému súdu Nové Zámky doručil opätovne podania, o ktorých Európsky súd pre ľudské práva rozhodol Rozsudkom tak, že Okresný súd Nové Zámky porušil právo žalobcu na spravodlivé súdne konanie. V súlade s uvedeným Nálezom žalobca mal a má za to, že účinky podania zostali zachované s účinnosťou ku dňu jeho podania, t. j. s účinnosťou ku dňu 30. 03. 2006. Je preto potrebné vychádzať zo záveru, že návrh na vydanie platobného rozkazu v tejto konkrétnej veci, voči ktorej smeruje toto odvolanie a v ktorej súd prvej inštancie zastavil konanie pre nezaplatenie súdneho poplatku, na ktorého zaplatenie vyzval žalobcu až v roku 2013, bol podaný dňa 30. 03. 2006. Podotkol, že o tejto skutočnosti je Okresný súd Nové Zámky dostatočne informovaný, nakoľko predmetný Rozsudok Európskeho súdu pre ľudské práva sa týkala porušenia práv, ktorých sa dopustil tento súd. Považuje preto za neprípustné, aby sa od žalobcu požadovalo preukazovanie tejto skutočnosti, t. j. existencie Rozsudku Európskeho súdu pre ľudské práva, keď tento Rozsudok je Okresnému súdu Nové Zámky známy. Žalobca trval na tom, že je nevyhnutné v prejednávanej veci splniť podmienku, že žalobe na vydanie platobného rozkazu sa pripíšu účinky podania k pôvodnému dátumu podania, t. j. ku dňu 30. 03. 2006. Je tomu tak nielen z dôvodu, že súdny poplatok nemožno už v súčasnosti vyrubiť, ale najmä z dôvodu premlčania uplatnenej pohľadávky žalobcu. Žalobcovi nemôže skutočnosť, že Okresný súd Nové Zámky porušil jeho ústavné práva, spôsobiť premlčanie peňažnej pohľadávky. Žalobca nemá zákonnú povinnosť uniesť akési dôkazné bremeno, podľa ktorého by bol povinný preukázať (bez uvedenia zákonného ustanovenia, podľa ktorého má mať túto údajnú povinnosť), že ide skutočne o žaloby podávané pôvodne v roku 2006 a nie len o totožné žaloby, doručené v roku 2013 prvý krát. 9. Odvolateľ dodal, že aj napriek tvrdeniu súdu prvej inštancie o akýchsi nových žalobách (t. j. nie žalobách podávaných na tento súd v roku 2006) súd prvej inštancie koná v týchto veciach s právnym zástupcom žalobcu, ktorý je oprávnený na jeho zastupovanie na základe plnomocenstva v roku 2010, založeného do spisu súdnej správy v roku 2010, vzťahujúceho sa na žaloby, ktoré boli podávané na súd v roku 2006. Na DVD nosičoch s návrhmi na vydanie platobných rozkazov sa nachádza plnomocenstvo pre JUDr. Miroslava Pavelku. Ak to boli teda nové žaloby, podávané v roku 2013, potom nebolo možné doručovať poštu na adresu Advokátskej kancelárie Chabadová, s. r. o., ale na adresu právneho zástupcu označeného v týchto "nových" žalobách. Žalobca sa nestotožňuje ani s tvrdením, že je jeho povinnosťou preukázať, že žaloby doručované teraz sú tie isté (t. j. „znovudoručené“ a nie len totožné s tými, ktoré boli podávané v roku 2006). Bol to práve Okresný súd Nové Zámky, ktorý porušil žalobcove právo. V istom zmysle je potom možné tento konajúci súd označiť za škodcu a žalobcu za poškodeného. Nie je možné spravodlivo od poškodeného očakávať, aby si splnil povinnosť (preukázal, že žaloby doručované teraz sú tie isté a nie len totožné s tými, ktoré doručoval v roku 2006), ktorú povinnosť by nemal v prípade, ak by si škodca riadne plnil svoju povinnosť a žaloby v roku 2006 prijal a zapísal. Dôsledkom porušenia povinnosti škodcom nemôže byť vznik novej povinnosti pre poškodeného. Nikto predsa v konaní nedokazuje, kedy a ako doručil žalobu na súd. Je povinnosťou konajúceho súdu zabezpečiť si veci tak, aby nebolo o doručení podania (začatie konania) pochýb a ak súd prvej inštancie odmietol podania zapísané na DVD nosiči a vrátil ich žalobcovi v roku 2006 späť, mal si pre vlastné potreby urobiť také opatrenia, aby v prípade potreby vedel posúdiť, ktoré žalobné návrhy odmietol (napr. zapísať si úradným záznamom údaj o odmietnutom DVD nosiči tak, aby bol tento daj nezameniteľný- každý DVD nosič obsahuje vyrazené jedinečné číslo). Napriek tejto skutočnosti na preukázanie svojich tvrdení doložil žalobca svojím listom zo dňa 19. 02. 2014 Okresnému súdu Nové Zámky do spisov súdnej správy nasledujúce listinné dôkazy: 1. Rozhodnutie Európskeho súdu pre ľudské práva zo dňa 16. 06. 2009, 2. DVD nosiče z roku 2006 (30. 03. 2006-OS083_NOVE_ZAMKY 001; 30. 03. 2006 OS083_NOVE_ZAMKY 002; 24. 07. 2006- OSO83_NOVE_ ZAMKY_001; 24. 07. 2006 - OS083_NOVE_ZAMKY_002) a 4. notárska zápisnica osvedčujúca právnu skutočnosť, ktoré bez akýchkoľvek pochybností preukazujú tvrdenia žalobcu, že ide o podania z roku 2006. 10. Odvolateľ ďalej poukázal na to, že v zmysle ustanovenia § 8 zákona č. 71/1992 Zb. je poplatok za podanie návrhu splatný vznikom poplatkovej povinnosti, ktorá podľa § 5 ods. 1 písm. a/ zákona č. 71/1992 Zb. vzniká podaním návrhu, odvolania a dovolania alebo žiadosti na vykonanie poplatkového úkonu, ak je poplatníkom navrhovateľ, odvolateľ a dovolateľ a poukázal tiež na to, že podľa § 13 zákona č. 71/1992 Zb. poplatok alebo doplatok poplatku nemožno vyrubiť po uplynutí troch rokov od konca kalendárneho roka, v ktorom sa stal splatným. V závere poukázal odvolateľ na rozhodovaciu prax Najvyššieho súdu Slovenskej republiky, napr. rozsudok Najvyššieho súdu Slovenskej republiky sp. zn. 4 Cdo 70/93 z 30.6.1993 , v zmysle ktorého : „Zastavenie konania pre nezaplatenie súdneho poplatku, hoci pre tento postup nebol zákonný dôvod, je odňatím možností účastníkovi konať pred súdom podľa § 237 písm. f/ O.s.p.“ 11. Krajský súd v Nitre, ako súd odvolací podľa § 34 zákona č. 160/2015 Z. z. Civilný sporový poriadok (ďalej len „CSP“) po zistení, že odvolanie bolo podané oprávnenou osobou v zákonom stanovenej lehote, preskúmal napadnuté rozhodnutie, viazaný rozsahom a dôvodmi odvolania (§ 379, § 380 CSP), prejednal odvolanie bez nariadenia odvolacieho pojednávania (§ 385 ods. 1 a contrario CSP) a dospel k záveru, že odvolanie žalobcu nie je dôvodné, preto uznesenie súdu prvej inštancie ako vecne správne podľa § 387 ods. 1 CSP potvrdil. 12. S účinnosťou od 01. 07. 2016, prijatím zákona č. 160/2015 Z. z. Civilný sporový poriadok, došlo v súlade s § 473 CSP k zrušeniu zákona č. 99/1963 Zb. Občiansky súdny poriadok. Nová právna úprava dôsledne dodržiava princíp okamžitej aplikovateľnosti procesnoprávnych noriem, ktorý znamená, že nová procesná úprava sa použije na všetky konania, a to aj na konania začaté pred dňom účinnosti CSP s ustanovenými výnimkami z tohto základného pravidla. 13. Podľa § 470 ods. 1 CSP, ak nie je ustanovené inak, platí tento zákon aj na konania začaté predo dňom nadobudnutia jeho účinnosti. Podľa § 470 ods. 2 CSP právne účinky úkonov, ktoré v konaní nastali predo dňom nadobudnutia účinnosti tohto zákona, zostávajú zachované. Ak sa tento zákon použije na konania začaté predo dňom nadobudnutia účinnosti tohto zákona, nemožno uplatňovať ustanovenia tohto zákona o predbežnom prejednaní veci, popretí skutkových tvrdení protistrany a sudcovskej koncentrácii konania, ak by boli v neprospech strany. Podľa § 5 ods. 1 písm. a) citovaného zákona, poplatková povinnosť vzniká podaním návrhu, odvolania a dovolania alebo žiadosti na vykonanie poplatkového úkonu, ak je poplatníkom navrhovateľ, odvolateľ a dovolateľ. Podľa § 8 ods. 1 citovaného zákona, poplatok za podanie návrhu alebo žiadosti, poplatok za uplatnenie námietky zaujatosti v konkurznom konaní alebo reštrukturalizačnom konaní podľa osobitného predpisu3f) a poplatok za konanie o dedičstve je splatný vznikom poplatkovej povinnosti. 14. V preskúmavanej veci argumentoval žalobca tým, že žalobný návrh v ktorom je uvedený dátum jeho vyhotovenia 23. 03. 2006, ktorý bol doručený súdu prvej inštancie 26. 03. 2013, je pôvodný žalobný návrh, ktorý doručil tomuto súdu ešte v roku 2006 (ako elektronické podanie na DVD nosiči podpísané zaručeným elektronickým podpisom), a že vzhľadom na uplynutie trojročnej lehoty uvedenej v § 13 ods. 1 zákona č. 71/1992 Zb. mu už nemožno vyrubiť súdny poplatok za žalobný návrh. 15. Súd prvej inštancie vyzval žalobcu - bezúspešne - na zaplatenie súdneho poplatku 16,50 eura za podaný žalobný návrh (výzva z 03. 11. 2016), doručená dňa 14. 11. 2016 jeho právnemu zástupcovi. Súdny poplatok doteraz, do rozhodnutia odvolacieho súdu o podanom odvolaní, žalobca nezaplatil. 16. Žalobca v odvolaní tvrdil, že žalobný návrh z 23. 03. 2006, doručený Okresnému súdu Nové Zámky dňa 26. 03. 2013, je žalobným návrhom, ktorý pôvodne doručil okresnému súdu v roku 2006 ako elektronické podanie na DVD nosiči, podpísané zaručeným elektronickým podpisom, ktorý okresný súd v rozpore so zákonom odmietol prijať, čím došlo podľa hore uvedených nálezov Ústavného súdu Slovenskej republiky a rozsudku európskeho súdu pre ľudské práva v Štrasburgu k porušeniu základného práva žalobcu na súdnu ochranu podľa článku 46 ods. 1 Ústavy Slovenskej republiky a práva na spravodlivé súdne konanie podľa článku 6 ods. 1 Dohovoru o ochrane ľudských práv a základných slobôd. Žalobca však svoje tvrdenie o totožnosti žalobných ničím nepreukázal; nepreukázal teda, že žalobný návrh doručený prvoinštančnému súdu v roku 2013 s dátumom vyhotovenia 23. 03. 2006, je žalobným návrhom, ktorý podal v roku 2006, preto v roku 2013 podanému žalobnému návrhu ani nie je možno priznať účinky, ktoré by mal jeho žalobný návrh, keby bol podaný v roku 2006. 17. Z rozsudku Európskeho súdu pre ľudské práva v Štrasburgu ( štvrtá sekcia) zo dňa 16. júna 2009, Prípad LAWYER PARTNERS, a. s. v. SLOVENSKÁ REPUBLIKA, vo veci Sťažností č. 54252/07, 3274/08, 3377/08, 3505/08, 3526/08, 3741/08, 3786/08, 3807/08, 3824/08 , 15055/08, 29548/08, 29551/08, 29552/08, 29555/08, 29557/08 vyplýva, že tento súd jednomyseľne 1. Rozhodol o spojení sťažností; 2. Vyhlásil sťažností za prijateľné; 3. Rozhodol, že došlo k porušeniu článku 6 ods. 1 Dohovoru; 4. Rozhodol, že a/ dotknutý štát je povinný zaplatiť sťažujúcej sa spoločnosti do troch mesiacov od nadobudnutia právoplatnosti rozsudku v súlade s článkom 44 ods. 2 Dohovoru nasledujúce sumy: (i) 10 000 EUR (desaťtisíc eur), spolu s akoukoľvek daňou, ktorá môže byť sťažovateľovi vyrubená, z titulu majetkovej škody a nemajetkovej ujmy, a (ii) 8 000 EUR ( osemtisíc eur), spolu s akoukoľvek daňou, ktorá môže byť sťažovateľovi vyrubená, z titulu nákladov a výdavkov; b/ že od uplynutia uvedených troch mesiacov až do vyplatenia budú k uvedeným sumám pripočítané úroky z omeškania vo výške minimálnej úrokovej sadzbe Európskej centrálnej banky počas obdobia omeškania, zvýšenej o tri percentá; 5. Zamietol zvyšok nároku sťažujúcej sa spoločnosti na spravodlivé zadosťučinenie. 18. V bode 62 rozsudku európsky súd uviedol: „V prípade porušenia článku 6 Dohovoru by mal byť sťažovateľ v čo najväčšej možnej miere postavený do pozície, v ktorej by bol, ak by požiadavky tohto ustanovenia boli dodržané. Najvhodnejšou formou nápravy v prípadoch ako sú tieto, keď sťažovateľ nemal prístup k súdu z dôvodu neopodstatneného odmietnutia zaregistrovať jeho žaloby, by bolo zaregistrovanie pôvodných podaní tak, ako keby boli podané ku dňu, kedy ich sťažujúca sa spoločnosť predložila dotknutým súdom po prvýkrát a konanie o nich v súlade s požiadavkami spravodlivého súdneho konania (pozri, mutatis mutandis, Yanakiev vs. Bulharsko, citovaný vyššie, ods. 89 a 90). Súd si v tejto súvislosti všimol, že rovnaký prístup zvolil ústavný súd v prípadoch, v ktorých zistil porušenie práva sťažujúcej sa spoločnosti na prístup k súdu a že slovenské súdy v súčasnosti majú k dispozícii potrebné technické vybavenie na to, aby konali vo veci podaní predložených pomocou elektronických prostriedkov.“ 19. Európsky súd pre ľudské práva z hľadiska formy nápravy konštatoval, že by bolo najvhodnejšie zaregistrovať pôvodné žaloby žalobcu, ktoré podal v roku 2006 v elektronickej podobe tak, ako keby ich žalobca podal po prvýkrát. Malo ísť pritom o DVD, na ktorom boli uložené viaceré žalobné návrhy žalobcu proti rôznym žalovaným. Rozsudok Európskeho súdu pre ľudské práva však neobsahuje žiadne údaje o tom, ktorých vecí sa toto podanie týkalo a proti ktorým žalovaným smerovalo. Z obsahu spisu, a to z a to z Chronologického rozpisu podaní spoločnosti Lawyer Partners, a. s., vyhotoveného Okresným súdom Nové Zámky vyplýva, že žalobca doručil osobne dňa 26. 03. 2013 podanie, ktoré obsahovalo 46 DVD nosičov, sprievodný list a plnomocenstvo. DVD nosiče obsahovali 29.689 podaní, ktoré boli adresované 25 okresným súdom a Okresného súdu Nové Zámky sa týkalo 1.858 podaní, ktoré boli prekopírované na externý hard disk, vytlačené a odovzdané na spracovanie zamestnancom podateľne. A boli zaregistrované do registra RO. Potvrdenia o zaručenom elektronickom podpise vytlačené neboli z dôvodu, že po zobrazení obsahu DVD nosičov certifikovaným spôsobom prostredníctvom aplikácie pre ZEP, obsahovali certifikát použitého zaručeného elektronického podpisu pre tieto podania s platnosťou od 24. 03. 2006 do 24. 03. 2007. Podania, ktoré boli súdu doručené 26. 03. 2013 neobsahujú zákonom stanovené náležitosti pre elektronické podania s platným zaručeným elektronickým podpisom. Na otvorenie podaní a overenie podpisov ZEP bola použitá aplikácia Qsign, platnosť elektronických podpisov bola on-line preverovaná aj cez portál www.slovensko.sk. Potvrdenie o platnosti zaručeného elektronického podpisu s časovou pečiatkou nie je možné dodatočne žiadnym spôsobom získať, vzhľadom na odstup času. 20. Žalobca, ktorý 26. 03. 2013 doručil súdu návrh (s dátumom vyhotovenia 23. 03. 2006) na vydanie platobného rozkazu ukladajúceho žalovanej povinnosť zaplatiť žalobcovi sumu 40,- Sk a náhradu trov konania, ničím nedoložil, že podanie doručené Okresnému súdu Nové Zámky v roku 2013 (26. 03. 2013) je totožné s podaním doručeným na DVD nosiči v roku 2006 (31. 03. 2006). Za daného stavu nič nepreukazovalo, že Rozsudok Európskeho súdu pre ľudské práva v Štrasburgu (ďalej len „ESĽP“) zo dňa 16. júna 2009, Prípad LAWYER PARTNERS, a. s., vs. SLOVENSKÁ REPUBLIKA, sa týka aj tejto preskúmavanej veci, teda že na daných DVD nosičoch bol uložený aj žalobný návrh žalobcu proti žalovanej T. W., bytom Q., Q. X, a z ničoho nevyplývala totožnosť žalobcom tvrdeného podania z roku 2006 s podaním v roku 2013. Okresný súd Nové Zámky mal a mohol rešpektovať odporúčanie vyplývajúce z hore citovaného Rozsudku ESĽP zo dňa 16. júna 2009 len vo vzťahu k tomu žalobnému návrhu podanému v roku 2006, ktorého sa predmetný rozsudok týkal. Bolo preto na žalobcovi, aby preukázal totožnosť žalobného návrhu podaného v roku 2006 v elektronickej podobe s návrhom podaným v písomnej podobe v roku 2013. Nie je možné súhlasiť s názorom žalobcu, že právne účinky jeho podania z 23. 03. 2006 zostali zachované k tomuto dňu aj v prípade jeho návrhu podaného na Okresný súd Nové Zámky dňa 26. 03. 2013. Žalobca ničím nedoložil, že jeho podanie v roku 2013 je identické s podaním doručeným súdu na DVD nosiči v roku 2006. Keďže z ničoho nevyplývala totožnosť žalobcovho podania z roku 2006 s podaním z roku 2013, nemožno prvoinštatnčnému súdu vytýkať ako nesprávny procesný postup, pokiaľ vychádzal z toho, že v preskúmavanej právnej veci vyvolalo právne účinky podania návrhu na začatie konania podanie doručené súdu prvej inštancie v roku 2013. Žalobca bol povinný preukázať, že žalobný návrh doručený okresnému súdu v roku 2013 je totožný s návrhom doručeným okresnému súdu v roku 2006 preložením originálu nosiča DVD. 21. Ak potom súd prvej inštancie za danej procesnej situácie vychádzal z toho, že poplatková povinnosť žalobcu vznikla doručením žalobného návrhu 26. 03. 2013, a preto vyzval žalobcu na zaplatenie súdneho poplatku v sume 16,50 eura, ktorú však žalobca nerešpektoval a súdny poplatok nezaplatil, potom boli splnené podmienky na zastavenie konania v zmysle § 10 ods. 1 zákona č. 71/1992 Zb. 22. Odvolací súd na podporu svojej právnej argumentácie v tejto súvislosti poukazuje na rozhodovaciu prax Najvyššieho súdu Slovenskej republiky v skutkovo a právne obdobných veciach, ktorý vo svojich rozhodnutiach o odmietnutí dovolaní žalobcu proti uzneseniam krajských súdov (napr. 3Cdo336/2013, 3Cdo 338/2013, 3Cdo 341/2013, 3Cdo 368/2013, 3 Cdo 374/2013, 3Cdo 4/2014,3Cdo 436/2013), ktorými potvrdili rozhodnutia súdov prvej inštancie o zastavení konania pre nezaplatenie súdneho poplatku pri totožnej použitej právnej argumentácii žalobcu. 23. Súd prvej inštancie preto správne postupoval, keď vyzval žalobcu na zaplatenie súdneho poplatku za podanie žaloby na prvoinštančný súd dňa 26. 03. 2013. Na základe vyššie uvedených skutočností teda nie je možné prijať záver, že súd prvej inštancie žalobcovi vyrubil súdny poplatok za podaný žalobný návrh oneskorene, t. j. v rozpore s lehotou zakotvenou v § 13 zák. č. 71/1992 Zb., keďže lehota bola dodržaná. Pretože žalobca nerešpektoval výzvu prvoinštančného súdu na zaplatenie súdneho poplatku, boli splnené podmienky na zastavenie konania podľa § 10 ods. 1 zákona č. 71/1992 Zb. Odvolanie žalobcu nebolo dôvodné, a preto odvolací súd napadnuté uznesenie súdu prvej inštancie podľa § 387 ods. 1 CSP ako vecne správne potvrdil. 24. Záverom odvolací súd k výroku súdu prvej inštancie o náhrade trov konania, ktoré súd právne odôvodnil podľa § 256 ods. 1 CSP, poznamenáva, že nie v každom prípade zastavenia konania bolo treba aplikovať toto ustanovenie, pretože výrok o náhrade trov konania nie je potrebný, ak sa konanie zastavilo pre nezaplatenie súdneho poplatku, pretože k zastaveniu konania dochádza na základe zákona č. 71/1992 Zb. v znení neskorších predpisov a ide iba o vzťah štátu a poplatníka; uznesenie o zastavení konania (ani žaloba) pre nezaplatenie súdneho poplatku sa nedoručuje iným stranám sporu, a preto ani nie je potrebné rozhodovať o vzájomnom vzťahu strán, pokiaľ ide o náhradu trov konania. Z uvedených dôvodov ani odvolací súd nerozhodoval o náhrade trov odvolacieho konania. 25. Toto rozhodnutie prijal senát odvolacieho súdu pomerom hlasov 3 : 0 (§ 393 ods. 2 druhá veta Civilného sporového poriadku v spojení s § 3 ods. 9 posledná veta zák. č. 757/2004 Z. z. o súdoch a o zmene a doplnení niektorých zákonov).
sv	wikipedia	N/A	St. Louis Blues är en amerikansk ishockeyorganisation vars lag är baserat i Saint Louis i Missouri och har varit medlemsorganisation i National Hockey League (NHL) sedan den 9 februari 1966. Hemmaarena är Enterprise Center, vilken invigdes den 8 oktober 1994 som Kiel Center. Laget spelar i Central Division tillsammans med Arizona Coyotes, Chicago Blackhawks, Colorado Avalanche, Dallas Stars, Minnesota Wild, Nashville Predators och Winnipeg Jets. Blues har vunnit Stanley Cup för säsongen 2018−2019. De har haft en del namnkunniga spelare genom åren som Bernie Federko, Brett Hull, Al MacInnis, Chris Pronger, Keith Tkachuk, Pierre Turgeon, Doug Gilmour, Grant Fuhr, Adam Oates, Glenn Hall, Joe Mullen, Brendan Shanahan, Curtis Joseph, Doug Weight, Garry Unger, Brian Sutter och Alex Pietrangelo. Historia Stanley Cup-spel Blues spelade Stanley Cup finaler sina tre första år (1968, 1969, 1970). I samtliga dessa finalserier förlorade laget med 4-0. 1960-talet 1968 – Förlorade i finalen mot Montreal Canadiens med 4-0 i matcher. 1969 – Förlorade i finalen mot Montreal Canadiens med 4-0 i matcher. 1970-talet 1970 – Förlorade i finalen mot Boston Bruins med 4-0 i matcher. 1971 – Förlorade i första ronden mot Minnesota North Stars med 4–2 i matcher. 1972 – Förlorade i andra ronden mot Boston Bruins med 4–0 i matcher. 1973 – Förlorade i första ronden mot Chicago Black Hawks med 4-1 i matcher. 1974 – Missade slutspel. 1975 – Förlorade i första ronden mot Pittsburgh Penguins med 2-0 i matcher. 1976 – Förlorade i första ronden mot Buffalo Sabres med 2-1 i matcher. 1977 – Förlorade i första ronden mot Montreal Canadiens med 4-0 i matcher. 1978 – Missade slutspel. 1979 – Missade slutspel. 1980-talet 1980 – Förlorade i första ronden mot Chicago Black Hawks med 3-0 i matcher. 1981 – Förlorade i andra ronden mot New York Rangers med 4–2 i matcher. 1982 – Förlorade i första ronden mot Chicago Black Hawks med 4–2 i matcher. 1983 – Förlorade i andra ronden mot Chicago Black Hawks med 3-1 i matcher. 1984 – Förlorade i andra ronden mot Minnesota North Stars med 4–3 i matcher. 1985 – Förlorade i första ronden mot Minnesota North Stars med 3-0 i matcher. 1986 – Förlorade i tredje ronden mot Calgary Flames med 4-3 i matcher. 1987 – Förlorade i första ronden mot Toronto Maple Leafs med 4-2 i matcher. 1988 – Förlorade i andra ronden mot Detroit Red Wings med 4-1 i matcher. 1989 – Förlorade i andra ronden mot Chicago Blackhawks med 4-1 i matcher. 1990-talet 1990 – Förlorade i andra ronden mot Chicago Blackhawks med 4-3 i matcher. 1991 – Förlorade i andra ronden mot Minnesota North Stars med 4–2 i matcher. 1992 – Förlorade i första ronden mot Chicago Blackhawks med 4–2 i matcher. 1993 – Förlorade i andra ronden mot Toronto Maple Leafs med 4-3 i matcher. 1994 – Förlorade i första ronden mot Dallas Stars med 4–0 i matcher. 1995 – Förlorade i första ronden mot Vancouver Canucks med 4-3 i matcher. 1996 – Förlorade i andra ronden mot Detroit Red Wings med 4-3 i matcher. 1997 – Förlorade i första ronden mot Detroit Red Wings med 4-2 i matcher. 1998 – Förlorade i andra ronden mot Detroit Red Wings med 4-2 i matcher. 1999 – Förlorade i andra ronden mot Dallas Stars med 4-2 i matcher. 2000-talet 2000 – Förlorade i första ronden mot San Jose Sharks med 4–3 i matcher. 2001 – Förlorade i tredje ronden mot Colorado Avalanche med 4–1 i matcher. 2002 – Förlorade i andra ronden mot Detroit Red Wings med 4–2 i matcher. 2003 – Förlorade i första ronden mot Vancouver Canucks med 4–3 i matcher. 2004 – Förlorade i första ronden mot San Jose Sharks med 4–1 i matcher. 2005 – Lockout. 2006 – Missade slutspel. 2007 – Missade slutspel. 2008 – Missade slutspel. 2009 – Förlorade i första ronden mot Vancouver Canucks med 4-0 i matcher. 2010-talet 2010 – Missade slutspel. 2011 – Missade slutspel. 2012 – Förlorade i andra ronden mot Los Angeles Kings med 4-0 i matcher. 2013 – Förlorade i första ronden mot Los Angeles Kings med 4-2 i matcher. 2014 – Förlorade i första ronden mot Chicago Blackhawks med 4-2 i matcher. 2015 – Förlorade i första ronden mot Minnesota Wild med 4-2 i matcher. 2016 – Förlorade i tredje ronden mot San Jose Sharks med 4-2 i matcher. 2017 – Förlorade i andra ronden mot Nashville Predators med 4-2 i matcher. 2018 – Missade slutspel. 2019 – Vann finalen mot Boston Bruins med 4-3 i matcher. Jake Allen, Ivan Barbasjov, Jordan Binnington, Samuel Blais, Robert Bortuzzo, Jay Bouwmeester, Tyler Bozak, Chris Butler, Michael Del Zotto, Vince Dunn, Joel Edmundson, Robby Fabbri, Carl Gunnarsson, Jordan Kyrou, Mackenzie MacEachern, Patrick Maroon, Jordan Nolan, Ryan O'Reilly, Colton Parayko, David Perron, Alex Pietrangelo (C), Zach Sanford, Brayden Schenn, Jordan Schmaltz, Jaden Schwartz, Alexander Steen, Oskar Sundqvist, Vladimir Tarasenko, Robert Thomas & Chris Thorburn – Craig Berube 2020-talet 2020 – Förlorade i första ronden mot Vancouver Canucks med 4-2 i matcher. 2021 – Förlorade i första ronden mot Colorado Avalanche med 4-0 i matcher. 2022 – Förlorade i andra ronden mot Colorado Avalanche med 4-2 i matcher. Spelare med kursiv stil fick inte sina namn ingraverade på Stanley Cup-pokalen. Nuvarande spelartrupp Spelartruppen 2022/2023 Senast uppdaterad: 17 november 2022. Alla spelare som har kontrakt med Blues och har spelat för dem under aktuell säsong listas i spelartruppen. Spelarnas löner är i amerikanska dollar och är vad de skulle få ut om de vore i NHL-truppen under hela grundserien (oktober–april). Löner i kursiv stil är ej bekräftade. Spelargalleri Staben Uppdaterat: 21 november 2018 Utmärkelser Pensionerade nummer Sex spelarnummer har blivit "pensionerade" av organisationen, det vill säga ingen annan spelare kommer någonsin att få använda samma nummer i St. Louis Blues. Ytterligare ett nummer har blivit pensionerat av själva ligan. Hyllade spelarnummer Hall of Famers Troféer General manager Tränare Lagkaptener 1 Vann Stanley Cup med Blues. Statistik Poängledare Topp tio för mest poäng i klubbens historia. Siffrorna uppdateras efter varje genomförd säsong. Pos = Position; SM = Spelade matcher; M = Mål; A = Assists; P = Poäng; P/M = Poäng per match * = Fortfarande aktiv i klubben ** = Fortfarande aktiv i NHL Grundserie Uppdaterat efter 2011-12 Svenska spelare Uppdaterat: 2016-07-05 1 = Grundserie 2 = Slutspel Övertid = Vunnit matcher som har gått till övertid. \| GAA = Insläppta mål i genomsnitt \| SVS% = Räddningsprocent \| Nollor = Hållit nollan det vill säga att motståndarlaget har ej lyckats göra mål på målvakten under en match. \| K/A = Om spelare har varit lagkapten och/eller assisterande lagkapten \| PIM = Utvisningsminuter Första draftval Referenser Externa länkar Officiell webbplats
sv	wikipedia	N/A	Ozero Sarantjany (ryska: Озеро Саранчаны) är en sjö i Belarus. Den ligger i voblasten Vitsebsks voblast, i den norra delen av landet, km nordväst om huvudstaden Minsk. Ozero Sarantjany ligger meter över havet. Arean är kvadratkilometer. Den högsta punkten i närheten är meter över havet, km söder om Ozero Sarantjany. Den sträcker sig 1,6 kilometer i nord-sydlig riktning, och 0,9 kilometer i öst-västlig riktning. I omgivningarna runt Ozero Sarantjany växer i huvudsak blandskog. Runt Ozero Sarantjany är det glesbefolkat, med invånare per kvadratkilometer. Inlandsklimat råder i trakten. Årsmedeltemperaturen i trakten är °C. Den varmaste månaden är juli, då medeltemperaturen är °C, och den kallaste är februari, med °C. Kommentarer Källor Insjöar i Vitsebsks voblast
en	caselaw	US	795 F. Supp. 391 (1992) UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff, v. CERTAIN ACCOUNTS, TOGETHER WITH ALL MONIES ON DEPOSIT THEREIN, et al., Defendants. No. 91-1018-CIV. United States District Court, S.D. Florida. February 21, 1992. 392 Kathy Stark, Asst. U.S. Atty., Miami, Fla., for plaintiff. Brian S. Keif, Guy R. Strafer, Ana Barnett, Henry Bolz, Alan Fine, Donald Bierman, Barry D. Hunter, George Volsky, Stephen Gillman, Jose A. Casal, Miami, Fla., Jack Blumefeld, Coral Gables, Fla., for defendants. OMNIBUS ORDER ON CLAIMANTS' MOTIONS TO DISMISS JAMES LAWRENCE KING, District Judge. THIS CAUSE comes before the Court on several Claimants' Motions to Dismiss the government's Verified Complaint. The Court, having reviewed the motions, memoranda, and affidavits submitted in support of and in opposition to Claimants' motions, and having heard the oral argument of counsel, rules as follows: I. ALLEGATIONS OF THE VERIFIED COMPLAINT By this action, the government seeks to forfeit all monies on deposit in thirty-one bank accounts as funds involved in or traceable to money laundering, pursuant to 18 U.S.C.A. § 981 (Supp.1991). The suit stems from the arrest of an individual named Zapata, who "attempted to assault" a U.S. Customs Special Agent with a machine gun. Compl. at ¶ 5. Zapata apparently was a "smurf," meaning that he would go from bank to bank and conduct multiple cash transactions in amounts just below the reporting threshold of 31 U.S.C. 393 § 5322.[1] At the time of his arrest, Zapata possessed receipts for approximately one million dollars in money orders, and two overnight letter invoices allegedly used to ship the money orders for deposit into various bank accounts. He also possessed a handwritten list of bank accounts into which he had deposited "a substantial sum" of money orders. Id. The Complaint does not allege that the cash itself was proceeds of any illegal activity, such as narcotics trafficking. The Complaint does not state that Zapata was convicted of any money laundering offense. The Complaint alleges that "some of the money orders" for which Zapata had receipts at the time of his arrest were subsequently deposited into accounts in New York and Florida. Id. Several of the banking institutions in New York who sold money orders to Zapata have indicated that these money orders were subsequently deposited into certain accounts in Florida. Id. The accounts that received money order deposits hereinafter will be referred to as "direct recipient accounts."[2] The government seeks to forfeit the entire balance of the Florida direct recipient accounts as currency or proceeds traceable thereto utilized in a financial transaction which was designed to evade federal reporting requirements.[3] The Complaint separately identifies these four defendant accounts by bank, account number, and owner. Id. at ¶ 11 (I-IV).[4] As to each of these accounts, the government alleges that money orders purchased in New York on or about March 5, 1991 were shipped via overnight carrier to Miami, and negotiated into the direct recipient accounts on or about March 15, 1991. Id. The government also seeks forfeiture of some twenty-seven Florida indirect recipient accounts.[5] The Complaint alleges that checks drawn on New York direct accounts were negotiated into each of the arrested indirect accounts. There exists a wide disparity between indirect accounts as to the amount and frequency of these suspect transactions. For example, an account containing $159,277.66 maintained in the name of "Cutlery Foundation" received sixteen deposits from seven direct accounts, totalling in excess of $62,000.00; in contrast, an account containing $49,037.78 maintained in the name of Arie Eidelman received a single check for $1,500.00. Most of the remaining accounts fall between these two extremes, having received several checks drawn on New York direct accounts. The indirect accounts were identified by U.S. Customs Agents and other law enforcement personnel, who reviewed bank records prepared by "forensic accountants." Compl. at ¶ 12. The Complaint alleges that checks written against the direct accounts were signed by the accountholder in blank, and then transported to unknown individuals in Medellin, Colombia and Caracas, Venezuela. Id. at ¶ 10. Certain checks were subsequently made out to various indirect accountholder payees, and then deposited into the Florida accounts at issue. Id. II. ANALYSIS To date, nine Claimants have filed motions to dismiss.[6] Each of the motions 394 challenges the sufficiency of the Complaint under the Supplemental Rules of Certain Admiralty and Maritime Claims ("Supplemental Rules"). The gravamen of Claimants' arguments is that the Verified Complaint fails to satisfy the heightened pleading requirements established by the Supplemental Rules. This claim is much more than a quibble over a technical defect in the pleadings cured easily by later amendment. The filing of a Complaint in a civil forfeiture action has far-reaching consequences for those who claim ownership of defendant property. The property in the usual case is immediately seized and held pending resolution on the merits, solely on the basis of the Complaint's allegations. Moreover, the filing of the Complaint also necessarily exposes any potential claimant to the extensive discovery allowed by the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. The importance of this stage of forfeiture litigation demands a thorough review of the complaint by the district court. A. PLEADING REQUIREMENTS UNDER THE SUPPLEMENTAL RULES The government has brought this action under the Supplemental Rules. In civil forfeiture actions, the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure apply, "except to the extent that they are inconsistent with these Supplemental Rules." Fed.R.Civ.P.Supp. A. Therefore, the government must comply with the more stringent pleading requirements of Supplemental Rule E(2), rather than the liberal provisions of Fed. R.Civ.P. 8. See United States v. Real Property on Lake Forest Circle, 870 F.2d 586, 588 n. 3 (11th Cir.1989). Supplemental Rule E(2) provides: [T]he complaint shall state the circumstances from which the claim arises with such particularity that the defendant or claimant will be able, without moving for a more definite statement, to commence an investigation of the facts and to frame a responsive pleading. The particularity requirement is imposed because of the drastic nature of forfeiture actions. See 12 C. Wright & A. Miller, Federal Practice and Procedure, § 3242 (1973). The government may not seize and continue to hold property upon conclusory allegations that the defendant property is forfeitable. See United States v. $38,000.00 in United States Currency, 816 F.2d 1538, 1548 (11th Cir.1987) (hereinafter "$38,000.00"). The language and intent of the Supplemental Rules compel an exposition of those facts known to the government that support its claim that property is subject to forfeiture. B. BURDENS AT TRIAL AND MONEY LAUNDERING FORFEITURE In evaluating the factual sufficiency of a forfeiture complaint under Rule E(2), the Court must focus upon (1) the government's initial burden at trial, which inquiry in turn depends upon (2) the statutory forfeiture scheme. First, in forfeiture actions, the government need not establish at trial that property is subject to forfeiture by a preponderance of the evidence; it may meet its burden by showing that probable cause exists to believe the property is subject to forfeiture. See United States v. Four Parcels of Real Property in Greene and Tuscaloosa Counties, 941 F.2d 1428, 1438-39 (11th Cir.1991) (reh'g en banc) (hereinafter "Four Parcels")[7]. The burden then shifts to the claimant to show by a preponderance of the evidence that the property is not forfeit. Id. at 1438. On the basis of the government's initial burden, the Eleventh Circuit has interpreted Rule E(2) to require that a "forfeiture complaint must allege sufficient facts to provide a reasonable belief that the property is subject to 395 forfeiture: in particular, that the government has probable cause to believe that a substantial connection exists between the property to be forfeited and [the underlying criminal activity]." Id. at 1442 n. 28 (quoting $38,000.00, 816 F.2d at 1548). Probable cause in this context is defined as "reasonable grounds for belief supported by less than prima facie proof but more than mere suspicion." United States v. Four Million, Two Hundred Fifty-Five Thousand, 762 F.2d 895, 903 (11th Cir. 1985), cert. denied, 474 U.S. 1056, 106 S. Ct. 795, 88 L. Ed. 2d 772 (1986). The second step in this inquiry requires an analysis of the government's theory of forfeiture. The precise question is whether, under the relevant forfeiture statute, the complaint alleges sufficient facts to give rise to a reasonable belief that the government can establish probable cause at trial. In many civil forfeiture actions in this district, this inquiry is not complex. Property involved in narcotics trafficking, for example, is subject to forfeiture if it facilitates such illegal activity, or constitutes proceeds traceable to the exchange of controlled substances. See 21 U.S.C. § 881(a)(6) & (a)(7). Under § 881, the requisite "substantial connection" is usually plain. The government need only allege facts that support a reasonable belief that the property was used in the drug transaction, or purchased with funds derived therefrom. In this instant case, however, the government seeks forfeiture under the Money Laundering Control Act of 1986, 18 U.S.C. § 981. The Act provides in relevant part: [T]he following property is subject to forfeiture to the United States: (A) Any property, real or personal, involved in a transaction or attempted transaction in violation of section 5313(a) or 5324 of title 31 or of section 1956 or 1957 of this title, or any property traceable to such property. 18 U.S.C. § 981(a)(1)(A) (emphasis added). It is clear from the text that the government must allege a violation of one of the referenced statutes.[8] The type of necessary "substantial connection" between the illegal activity and the property to be forfeited is less clear. In the paradigmatic case, those funds directly involved in a "structured" transaction carried out by a convicted "smurf" certainly would be subject to forfeiture under this statute. There is no doubt that the money order purchased for $9,999.00 in cash by a convicted "smurf" is forfeit to the government. The pleading requirements in a case against these funds are obvious. The difficulty comes where, as here, the government seeks forfeiture of funds in an account into which tainted funds have been negotiated, without stating any facts concerning the balance of the account. There exists a real possibility that unknowing and factually innocent accountholders who have received an allegedly tainted deposit may be deprived of the use of the funds until such time as they can assert the innocent owner defense contained in 18 U.S.C. § 981(a)(2). In keeping with the civil forfeiture fiction that the suit is against the property qua property and not the claimant the action may proceed for months or perhaps years with no showing that the accountholder had any knowledge of the money laundering. Therefore, the district court has an obligation to scrutinize at the outset the government's complaint against the funds at issue. Indeed, the Supplemental Rules demand no less. C. RELEVANT CASELAW UNDER 18 U.S.C. § 981 There exists a relative paucity of decisional law on the precise question before the Court.[9] Research has disclosed only 396 two courts that have allowed suits brought under § 981 to proceed against all of the funds in accounts receiving tainted deposits. The case of United States v. All Monies ($477,048.62) in Account No. XX-XXXX-X, 754 F. Supp. 1467 (D.Haw.1991) (hereinafter "$477,048") was one of some twenty-six civil forfeiture cases in the District of Hawaii arising from a criminal investigation of a large money laundering ring. The claimant in $477,048, Henry Lelouch, owned a money exchange in Peru allegedly used by certain indicted or convicted money launderers. Lelouch also owned the defendant property involved in the case, funds in a bank account in Florida. Importantly, Lelouch conceded that the government had established probable cause as to more than $240,000 of the account under § 981(a)(1). It was thus established that the account had been used for money laundering; the issue on summary judgment was whether probable cause existed to forfeit the potentially legitimate remainder of the account. The court held that the entire balance was forfeit to the government. The court in that case first noted that § 981 does not expressly provide for a "facilitation" theory of forfeiture. Id. at 1472. Relying on a sentence in the legislative history of the statute,[10] the court construed the term "property ... involved in" illegal money laundering transactions to imply a facilitation theory in the statute. Id. at 1473. While the legislative history cited may not be dispositive, the court's subsequent analysis is compelling. The account, the court recognized, provided "a repository for the drug proceeds in which the legitimate money could provide a `cover' for those proceeds thus making it more difficult to trace the proceeds." Id. at 1475-76. Thus, since "facilitation" has been defined in the forfeiture context as making the underlying criminal activity less difficult or "more or less free from obstruction or hindrance," United States v. Schifferli, 895 F.2d 987, 990 (4th Cir.1990), the legitimate funds "facilitated" the crime of money laundering. The Eastern District of New York recently reached the same conclusion in United States v. Certain Funds on Deposit in Account No. XX-X-XXXXX, 769 F. Supp. 80 (E.D.N.Y.1991) ("Certain Funds on Deposit"). In that case, certain claimants were alleged to have fraudulently disbursed to themselves funds from a federally insured credit union controlled by these claimants, and then to have cleared these amounts through accounts they owned in other banks. The Court ruled that the whole balance of the accounts was subject to forfeiture 397 under § 981, not just the proceeds of the initial fraudulent activity. Id. at 84. The court found that § 981 implicitly authorized forfeiture under a facilitation theory, reasoning that "[c]riminal activity such as money laundering largely depends upon the use of legitimate monies to advance or facilitate the scheme. It is precisely the commingling of tainted funds with legitimate money that facilitates the laundering and enables it to continue." Id. at 84-85. The foregoing statutory construction is based on a sound understanding of the crime that Congress sought to deter by enacting § 981. "Innocent" funds are typically a prerequisite to the successful completion of money laundering, the essence of which is the purposeful mixture of tainted money with funds otherwise above suspicion. The more innocent the funds appear to be, the more difficult the crime becomes to detect. Therefore, funds are not immune from forfeiture solely because they are derived from legitimate sources; if such funds are used to effectuate money laundering, they are forfeitable under § 981, just as an otherwise legitimate dwelling would be under § 881 if used for drug-related activity. D. APPLICATION TO THIS CASE The Court now turns to the sufficiency of the complaint in this case under the Supplemental Rules and § 981. The Court will deny the motions to dismiss as to the Direct Accounts, but grant the motions as to the Indirect Accounts. 1. Direct Recipient Accounts This Court's construction of § 981 simplifies the pleading requirements as to the whole balance of the funds contained in the direct recipient accounts. The government need only plead with particularity that the initial funds negotiated into these accounts were either "involved in" or "traceable to" the crime of money laundering. If the government meets this burden, a reasonable belief that the remainder of the accounts is subject to forfeiture is created by operation of § 981 facilitation theory. Stated differently, nothing further need be alleged against the balance of the account. The focus is solely on the alleged taint of the funds deposited. The Court finds that the Complaint against the direct recipient accounts is adequate under the Supplemental Rules. In this case, Zapata was arrested after he attempted to assault a U.S. Customs Special Agent with a machine gun. At the time of his arrest, he possessed a handwritten list of bank accounts into which he had deposited approximately one million dollars in money orders. Several money order receipts have been traced to the Florida direct recipient accounts, indicating that the money orders were sent to Florida and then negotiated into the defendant accounts herein. Taking these allegations as true, as the Court must, the Complaint alleges sufficient facts to give rise to a reasonable belief that the government can establish probable cause at trial as to forfeiture of the money order amounts. The complaint therefore comports with the requirements of Supplemental Rule E(2) with regard to the whole of the direct recipient accounts. 2. Indirect Recipient Accounts The Complaint alleges that checks written against some of the direct recipient accounts were signed by the accountholder in blank, and transported to unknown individuals in Medellin, Colombia and Caracas, Venezuela. Id. at ¶ 10. Certain checks were subsequently made out to various indirect accountholder payees, and then deposited into the Florida accounts at issue. Id. Under the foregoing construction of § 981, a syllogism can be created that would subject the whole of the indirect accounts to forfeiture. First, as noted above, the entire balance of the direct accounts, is allegedly property "involved in" the crime of money laundering. Second, any check written on the direct accounts is property "traceable to" property "involved in" money laundering. Therefore, the tainted checks from the direct accounts deposited in the Florida indirect accounts would subject the balance of the indirect 398 accounts to forfeiture. The logical import is that no separate showing of "taint" would be required to plead a case against the indirect defendant accounts. Like a contagious disease, each direct account could contaminate any account that had dealings with it. The indirect accounts could then conceivably pass on the infection to other accounts, and so forth ad infinitum. The outer limits of this theory would be bounded only by Plaintiff's imagination. This Court rejects such a theory. The government's argument here would stretch facilitation theory itself something of a bootstrap to the breaking point. As the account in question becomes more distant from the initial illegal transaction, so too does probable cause to forfeit become more attenuated. This Court holds that the government must allege facts other than a mere tracing of checks written against a suspect account. Under the Supplemental Rules, therefore, additional facts that give rise to the requisite "reasonable belief" that that there is a "substantial connection" to money laundering must be plead with particularity.[11] A contrary rule would yield untenable results.[12] The government here fails to allege such additional facts. There has been no allegation that the indirect accounts were used for money laundering. By contrast, there was no question that the accounts in both $477,048 and Certain Funds on Deposit had been used for money laundering. Indeed, in the former case, the government showed that $2.5 million of tainted money had been laundered through the account although only one-fifth of that amount was seized. See $477,048, 754 F.Supp. at 1476. In Certain Funds on Deposit, the government alleged that the claimants themselves transferred the tainted funds into the accounts for purposes of money laundering. See 769 F.Supp. at 82. Without the benefit of the syllogism urged by the government, the Complaint does no more than detail transfers by check of funds from certain accounts to others, and states that the matter has been investigated by Customs agents and forensic accountants.[13] The allegations would then closely resemble the § 881 complaint dismissed as insufficient by the Eleventh Circuit in $38,000, 816 F.2d 399 at 1548 (conclusory allegations that merely tracked statutory language held inadequate as "completely devoid of factual support" and unsupported by "even a whiff of evidence"). The Complaint will therefore be dismissed as to the entire balance of all of the indirect accounts; the government will have leave to amend the complaint, see Four Parcels, 941 F.2d at 1434; $38,000, 816 F.2d at 1548, to allege additional facts against the defendant funds that would give rise to a reasonable belief that they are subject to forfeiture. III. MISJOINDER The Court raises the following matter sua sponte. The government has joined thirty-one accounts by this action. Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 20(a) provides in relevant part: All persons (and any ... property subject to admiralty process in rem) may be joined in one action as defendants if there is asserted against them jointly, severally, or in the alternative, any right to relief in respect of or arising out of the same transaction, occurrence, or series of transactions or occurrences and if any question of law or fact common to all defendants will arise in the action. These actions should have been filed separately. If the actions involved a common question of law or fact, see Mosley v. General Motors Corp., 497 F.2d 1330, 1333-34 (8th Cir.1974), they could have been consolidated for joint hearing on such common issues. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 42(a); Hendrix v. Raybestos-Manhattan, Inc., 776 F.2d 1492 (11th Cir.1985). The suits would still have retained their separate identities, see McKenzie v. United States, 678 F.2d 571 (5th Cir.1982), but those issues common to all could have been resolved by a single division. After disposition of the common issues, the actions would then proceed to trial as the distinct and separate cases they in fact are. In this unified case, once the Court has ruled on the instant motions to dismiss, issues necessarily particular to each claimant and account will either predominate over or entirely supplant any remaining common questions. Defendants' continuing presence in one action thus constitutes misjoinder under Fed.R.Civ.P. 21. At trial, the government must show probable cause to forfeit each account, and many claimants will invoke the innocent owner defense set out in § 981(b). Proof of these matters is specific to each individual case. A resolution of a unified case on the merits, involving some thirty-one Claimants, each defending on the basis of facts relevant only to their own property, would be unwieldly and unnecessarily complex. Sound judicial administration compels the division of this single suit into separate cases. This case, 91-1018-CIV-KING, shall proceed solely against the direct recipient account maintained by Elnore Resources, with a style so reflecting. All other causes of action for forfeiture the government wishes to bring against any other accounts involved herein shall be brought in separate, individual complaints. Accordingly, after a careful review of the record, and the Court being otherwise fully advised, it is ORDERED and ADJUDGED that the Motions to Dismiss of the Claimants to the DIRECT RECIPIENT ACCOUNTS be, and the same hereby are, DENIED, provided however that consistent with Section III of this Order, each of these cases is DISMISSED without prejudice to refile as separate actions, and further provided that the case 91-1018-CIV-KING shall proceed solely against the direct recipient account maintained by Elnore Resources, with a style so reflecting. The stay of discovery relating to these accounts is hereby DISSOLVED. It is further ORDERED and ADJUDGED that the Motions to Dismiss of the Claimants to the INDIRECT RECIPIENT ACCOUNTS be, and the same hereby are, GRANTED. Discovery as to each of these accounts is STAYED until a responsive pleading is filed by the Claimant. It is further ORDERED and ADJUDGED that this Court's Order dated June 26, 1991 denying the Motion to Dismiss of Claimant Cecilia *400 Patricia Luna be, and the same hereby is, VACATED. It is further ORDERED and ADJUDGED that the government shall REFILE separate Verified Complaints for each account or accounts owned by each Claimant within thirty (30) days of the date of this Order, except that the case 91-1018-CIV-KING shall proceed solely against the direct recipient account maintained by Elnore Resources, with a style so reflecting. It is further ORDERED and ADJUDGED that all other pending motions are DENIED without prejudice to renew them in the refiled cases. DONE and ORDERED in chambers at the United States District Courthouse, Federal Courthouse Square, Miami, Florida, this 21st day of February, 1992. NOTES [1] See generally Welling, Smurfs, Money Laundering, and the Federal Criminal Law: the Crime of Structuring Transactions, 41 Fla.L.Rev. 287 (1989). [2] The Verified Complaint refers to these accounts as "primary accounts." [3] A forfeiture action against the New York direct accounts has been filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York, case number CV-91-0881, March 13, 1991. [4] The four Florida direct accounts are maintained in the name of the following claimants: Elnore Resources, Benwood Trading Company, Recreaciones La Vega, C.A., and Brickell Bay International Services. [5] The Verified Complaint refers to these accounts as "secondary accounts." The indirect accounts are identified by Claimant, bank, and account number in paragraph 12(a aa) of the Complaint. [6] Motions to Dismiss have been filed by the following Claimants: Armor Financial, Cecilia Patricia Luna, Max Rausch and Lucy Restrepo de Rausch, Guillermo Arenas, Luis Carlos Alvarado Mazo, Hernando Macias Gutierrez, Federico Molina, Recreaciones, and Elnore Resources. [7] Four Parcels was decided under 21 U.S.C. § 881, the narcotics trafficking forfeiture statute. As discussed infra, the government brings this action under the Money Laundering Control Act of 1986, 18 U.S.C. § 981. The statutes incorporate by reference 19 U.S.C. § 1615, which governs the burdens of proof for forfeiture under the customs laws. See 21 U.S.C. § 881(d) and 18 U.S.C. § 981(d). Section 1615 provides in relevant part: "In all suits or actions ... where the property is claimed by any persons, the burden of proof shall lie upon such claimant; ... provided, That probable cause shall first be shown for institution of such suit to be judged by the court...." [8] The referenced sections contain substantive money laundering prohibitions. 31 U.S.C. § 5313 imposes reporting requirements on financial institutions; 31 U.S.C. § 5324 prohibits the "structuring" of transactions to evade reporting requirements; 18 U.S.C. § 1956 prohibits certain forms of money laundering and provides criminal penalties; 18 U.S.C. 1957 prohibits engaging in monetary transactions in property derived from specified unlawful activity. [9] By contrast, there is a wealth of caselaw construing the forfeiture statute for narcotics trafficking, 21 U.S.C. § 881. While cases under that statute are analogous to the instant matter in many respects, they do not resolve the issue in this case. Because § 881(a)(7) expressly provides for forfeiture based on a "facilitation" theory, and by its terms allows forfeiture of entire parcels of land used in part in drug related activity, it is easier to state a claim against the whole of property allegedly involved in a drug transaction. See, e.g., United States v. Real Property and Residence at 3097 S.W. 111th Avenue, 921 F.2d 1551 (11th Cir.1991) (where drug transaction occurred in driveway, complaint that so alleged held sufficient under § 881(a)(7) to subject entire dwelling to forfeiture). [10] The legislative history relied upon in $477,048 states: [T]he term "property involved" is intended to include the money or other property being laundered (the corpus), any commissions or fees paid to the launderer, and any property used to facilitate the laundering offense. 134 Cong.Rec. § 17365 (daily ed. Nov. 10, 1988) (emphasis added). The court's reading of the legislative history is bolstered by the sweeping changes made by the 1988 amendments, enacted under the short title of the "Money Laundering Prosecution Improvements Act." When first enacted in 1986, § 981 only authorized the forfeiture of the gross receipts a person obtained as a violation of the referenced substantive money laundering prohibitions. See 18 U.S.C.A. § 981 (Historical and Statutory Notes). "The term gross receipts meant profits or commissions earned from the money laundering activity, not the corpus of the money laundered." Smith, 1 Prosecution and Defense of Forfeiture Cases ¶ 5.01 n. 17 (1991). Therefore, the 1988 amendments reflect a clear congressional intent to expand the scope of this forfeiture provision. Caution is always warranted in construing a statute based on a single reference to a word such as "facilitate" in the legislative history. However, the court's interpretation in $477,048 accords with the intent of the 1988 amendments. [11] This holding does not mean that money launderers may insulate themselves from the forfeiture laws by adding more layers to their financial network. The Court simply holds that the government must provide some reasonable basis to conclude that probable cause can be shown as to each layer at trial, without sole reliance on the fact of transfer from one account to another. [12] At oral argument on the instant motions, the Court discussed with counsel the logical conclusion of the government's argument by use of a hypothetical example. If a direct accountholder were to write a check to pay bills from Florida Power & Light, or the University of Florida, or made unsolicited donations to the officers of the Miami police force, each of these "claimants'" accounts would be subject to arrest and forfeiture. The government cited as safeguards against this result (1) plaintiff's discretion in bringing suit and (2) the innocent owner defense. These limitations alone are inadequate. The Supplemental Rules guarantee protection above and beyond plaintiff's good judgment, however well intentioned it may be. [13] The only other relevant allegation is the transfer of some checks written in blank against the direct accounts, transported to Venezuela or Colombia, and deposited into the indirect accounts. This allegation is entirely general; it does not specify the individual indirect accounts which received such checks. Thus, the Complaint fails to link these checks to specific indirect accounts, a fatal defect under the explicit particularity requirement and intent of Supplemental Rule E(2). The Complaint states that the indirect accounts were identified after an investigation by Customs Agents and "forensic accountants." This allegation must be supported with specific facts in order to sustain a reasonable belief that the accounts are subject to forfeiture. In this case, the Verification by Customs Service Special Agent Rose McNamara in its entirety states: "Pursuant to Title 28 United States Code Section 1746, I declare under penalty of perjury, that I, Rose McNamara, of the U.S. Customs Service, have read the foregoing Complaint for Forfeiture and state that the contents are true to the best of my knowledge and belief." Affidavits of law enforcement officials investigating the underlying criminal activity may be incorporated to support allegations in complaints for forfeiture. See United States v. Eighty-Eight (88) Designated Accounts, 740 F. Supp. 842, 847 (S.D.Fla. 1990). However, in this case, the McNamara Affidavit is merely conclusory. No specific supporting facts are set out therein.