0d195070-7f03-447f-9a14-ba2273db9665.json

{
 "id": "0d195070-7f03-447f-9a14-ba2273db9665",
 "disease": {
  "id": "H00079",
  "names": [
   "Asthma"
  ],
  "dbLinks": {
   "icd10": [
    "J45"
   ],
   "mesh": [
    "D001249"
   ]
  },
  "category": "Immune system disease",
  "description": "Asthma is a complex syndrome with many clinical phenotypes in both adults and children. Its major characteristics include a variable degree of airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and airway inflammation. Inhaled allergens encounter antigen presenting cells (APC) that line the airway. Upon recognition of the antigen and activation by APC, naive T cells differentiate into TH2 cells. Activated TH2 stimulate the formation of IgE by B cells. IgE molecules bind to IgE receptors located on mast cells. The crosslinking of mast-cell-bound IgE by allergens leads to the release of biologically active mediators (histamine, leukotrienes) by means of degranulation and, so, to the immediate symptoms of allergy. Mast cells also release chemotactic factors that contribute to the recruitment of inflammatory cells, particularly eosinophils, whose proliferation and differentiation from bone marrow progenitors is promoted by IL-5. The activation of eosinophils leads to release of toxic granules and oxygen free radicals that lead to tissue damage and promote the development of chronic inflammation."
 },
 "article": {
  "id": "1728015",
  "text": "The relationship between parental smoking and both subsequent development of asthma and subsequent lung function (before age 12) was studied in more than 700 children enrolled before age 5. Children of mothers with 12 or fewer years of education and who smoked 10 or more cigarettes per day were 2.5 times more likely (95% confidence interval 1.42 to 4.59; P = .0018) to develop asthma and had 15.7% lower maximal midexpiratory flow (P less than .001) than children of mothers with the same education level who did not smoke or smoked fewer than 10 cigarettes per day. These relationships were independent of self-reported respiratory symptoms in parents. There was no association between maternal smoking and subsequent incidence of asthma or maximal midexpiratory flow among children of mothers with more than 12 years of education. It is concluded that children of lower socioeconomic status may be at considerable risk of developing asthma if their mothers smoke 10 or more cigarettes per day. It is speculated that recently reported increases in prevalence of childhood asthma may be in part related to the increased prevalence of smoking among less educated women."
 },
 "questions": [
  {
   "id": "ca7c2279-304b-428f-83df-565adc95c86b",
   "text": "What are the risk factors of Asthma?",
   "answers": [
    {
     "answer_start": 190,
     "text": "Children of mothers with 12 or fewer years of education and who smoked 10 or more cigarettes per day"
    }
   ]
  }
 ]
}