lör * EUROPEISKA GEMENSKAPERNAS KOMMISSION 
Bryssel den 15.05.1996 
KOM(96) 202slutlig 
KOMMISSIONEN RAPPORT OM DIREKTIVET OM BYGGPRODUKTER 

KOMMISSIONEN RAPPORT OM DIREKTIVET OM BYGGPRODUKTER 
Sammanfattning av rapporten avsedd att tjäna som finsk och svensk version 
Direktivet om byggprodukter som antogs 1988 syftar till att genomföra den inre 
marknaden på det stora område som utgörs av dessa produkter. I artikel 23 i direktivet 
föreskrivs, att direktivets tillämpning skall ses över efter en viss tid. Denna rapport är 
avsedd att vara en sådan översyn. 
* 
* * 
* 
I brist på tekniska specifikationer, som till exempel harmoniserade standarder, finns det i 
dag ännu inga EG-märkta produkter på marknaden. 
Direktivet kan därför inte tillämpas, även om en rad genomförandebeslut antagits under 
1994 och 1995. 
Harmoniserade standarder kommer dock inte att kunna införas inom den närmaste 
framtiden, eftersom en rad andra beslut först måste fattas (exempelvis om reaktion på 
eldutveckling och eldbeständighet), och eftersom det rör sig om ett speciellt omfattande 
program. 
Man bör därför fråga sig hur direktivet bäst skall kunna genomföras, och hur åtgärderna 
skall kunna göras mer effektiva. Kommissionen anser att åtgärder bör vidtas inom minst 
följande två områden: 
Medlemsstaterna bör engagera sig när det gäller frågor rörande reaktion på 
eldutveckling, exempelvis genom effektiv tillämpning av euroklassificering eller 
beslut rörande eldfrågor. 
Å ena sidan bör föreskrifterna ändras i syfte att förenkla beslutsförfarandena, och 
å andra sidan bör direktivet om byggprodukter anpassas till den "modell" som 
utgörs av den nya metodens direktiv. 
COMMISSION REPORT ON 
THE CONSTRUCTION-PRODUCTS DIRECTIVE 
I. Introduction 
The aim of the 1988 Construction-Products Directive1 is to ensure the free 
movement of all construction products throughout the Union. 
The Directive covers a very significant area of EU industrial activity: 1.8 million 
businesses operate in this sector, with a turnover representing almost 10% of 
Community GNP. 
Admittedly, 97% of these firms have fewer than 20 employees and are active 
mainly in regional markets. 
Article 23 of the Directive requires the Commission to report on the operation of 
the Directive by 31 December 1993 at the latest and, where necessary, to submit 
proposals for appropriate amendments. 
In an earlier communication, the Commission announced that this examination 
would be postponed as measures implementing the Directive still needed to be 
adopted. 
Decisions taken in 1994 and 1995 have produced a more complete framework for 
us to assess more effectively both the operation of the Directive and the need for 
greater efficiency in its implementation. 
The Group of experts on legislative and administrative simplification, better 
known as the Molitor Group, believes the report should be presented as soon as 
possible (cf. extract in annex). 
Council Directive 89/106/EEC of 21 December 1988 on the approximation of laws, regulations 
and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to construction products. (OJ L 40, 
11.2.1989, p. 12). 
1 Ou-
II. Current situation 
The Construction-Products Directive provides a general.legal framework for 
producing European technical specifications. 
The removal of barriers to trade essentially depends upon the adoption of these 
specifications, namely the harmonised standards (i.e. specifications adopted by 
the CEN or Cenelec under a Commission mandate) and the European technical 
approvals, the latter being granted for products for which no harmonised or 
national standards exist.2 
To this day, no technical specifications have yet been adopted, with the result that 
no construction products bear the CE logo. The Molitor Group has criticized this 
situation in its report and has thus stressed the non-operational nature of such a 
Directive. 
It must be said that standards and technical approvals require implementing 
decisions to be taken, the prior adoption of which certainly requires a long time. 
The process is slow because the Directive's scope is so broad (covering all 
construction products, from cement to pipes, from sanitary installations to 
telegraph poles) and because certain technical aspects are not perceived in the 
same way by Member States. 
Work carried out in recent years has made it possible to clarify the approach 
needed. Thus, the Commission has recently been able to adopt: 
documents interpreting the essential requirements3 (in January 1994); 
a Decision classifying products in respect of fire behaviour tests (in 
June 1994); 
The Construction-Products Directive is original in providing for two types of technical 
specifications: 
harmonized standards, adopted by the CEN/Cenelec, as in the case of other "new 
approach" Directives; 
European technical approvals, adopted by the European Organization for Technical 
Approval. 
The specific field covered by each of these specifications is provided for by the Directive. 
The existence of "documents interpreting essential requirements" is another original feature of the 
Directive. They aim to provide a link between essential requirements concerning construction 
projects and features which have to be taken into consideration by the technical specifications for 
products. 
the first finalised mandates instructing the CEN and Cenelec to devise 
harmonised standards for certain families of products; (heat-insulating 
products, doors, windows, shutters, gates and related building hardware, 
membranes, precast normal/lightweight/autoclaved aerated concrete 
products) (in October 1994); 
Decisions on the conformity checking for those same product families (in 
May 1995); 
decisions on conformity checking and mandates for three new product 
families (in October 1995). 
A great many other decisions are being prepared for other product families 
(masonry products, pipes, etc.). 
All these measures represent significant progress. In order to have products 
bearing the CE logo, however, such decisions need to be incorporated into 
technical approvals or standards. 
We must bear in mind that harmonised standards will not be available for a 
significant number of products for at least five years. 
This is because: 
(a) for most construction products, trade barriers result from the lack of 
harmonised tests for fire behaviour, or resistance. For the Directive to 
work properly, standardization must be preceded by an approximation of 
the basic regulations in this area. 
This approximation is linked to the functioning of the Directive even if 
legally it has to take place through regulations on works not directly 
covered by the products Directive. Approximation will therefore require 
political commitment. If that commitment is not forthcoming the work 
will be very slow, delaying the adoption of harmonised standards even 
further; 
(b) the implementing decisions - particularly standardization mandates - have 
hitherto been adopted for only 7 product families out of a total of at least 
40. 
The Molitor Group considers the drafting of these documents to be 
excessively slow. 
The Member States' tendency to require that standardization mandates 
include all the essential aspects of their national regulations is making 
each drafting process take as much time as it would the Commission to 
adopt a Directive for each product family. 
Normally, the implementation of a 'new approach' Directive should imply 
that standardization mandates refer to nothing other than the essential 
requirements; 
(c) the operative part of the Directive is such that there can be no harmonised 
standard until all the requirements and required characteristics - deriving 
from the essential requirements - for a particular product have been 
harmonised. 
Thus for doors the existence of a harmonised "door" standard presupposes, 
inter alia, a common approach to test methods for fire, wind, heat and 
shock proofing, watertightness, airtightness, etc. 
The date on which the last standard for a specific test is adopted is thus the 
date on which the harmonised standard becomes available; 
(d) the Directive does provide for an alternative to harmonised standards: 
European technical approval. 
Technical approval may be granted to products for which standards are 
unlikely to be available, i.e. innovative products. Thus it can only be used 
as a supplement to standardization; 
(e) a final difficulty is that the Directive can only be applied if standards exist. 
But the adoption of standards depends on the good will of the 
standardizes. 
In addition, those involved in standardization feel there is too large a gap 
between their priority task of producing the standards required by the 
market (i.e. quality requirements) and the too-narrow vision of the 
harmonised standards, which include only those aspects which need to be 
compulsory. 
The forwarding of the first mandates has already revealed that this is a real 
problem. 
It is vital, therefore, that the standardization bodies should commit 
themselves and take account of the priorities relating to the mandates 
when planning and executing their tasks. 
III. Consultations and questions 
It can be seen from the above that technical harmonization, which is the aim of 
the Directive, will only be achieved as a result of a slow and gradual process. 
Prior to drafting this report, the Commission consulted the Member States and the 
representatives of industry within the Standing Committee on Construction on 
27 September 1995. 
The contributions received stress that the results regarding work so far achieved 
have been positive and encouraging, but also acknowledge that there will be 
difficulties in applying the Directive properly. 
Virtually all the parties agree that the correct response would be to speed up the 
implementation work on the Directive and clarify a number of questions about 
which there is still uncertainty, such as those currently arising from the lack of 
technical specifications. 
IV. The options 
The fact that a Directive adopted in 1988 is only being implemented gradually 
and slowly cannot be regarded as wholly satisfactory. It is necessary to reflect on 
the ways and means of increasing efficiency in this respect, namely by 
( 1 ) a commitment from the Member States in the following three areas: 
(a) in the area of fire regulations, harmonised standards cannot be 
adopted until common tests have been adopted to assess a 
product's fire behaviour. The Commission has taken a first step in 
this direction by defining product classes in this area. It still has to 
define the necessary tests for each of these classes. 
The technical work is flagging. 
Political impetus is needed; 
(b) in the area of works regulations, a lot of work has been carried out 
on a voluntary basis, in the form of Eurocodes in order to draw up 
common codes on works structures. 
Effective harmonization of the products used in these works 
presupposes a commitment from the Member States to take 
account of the Eurocodes in their national regulations; 
(c) during the transitional period preceding the adoption of 
harmonised standards, Member States ought to work to facilitate 
the mutual recognition of tests on products in a systematic manner. 
A more active policy on mutual recognition should deal with those 
cases where construction products are refused on the grounds that, 
although they have been checked in the country of origin, the 
country of destination refuses to become aware of or recognize 
their conformity; 
(2) changes adapted to needs in applying the Directive: 
(a) simplifying the decision-making procedures 
This could cover decisions on the checking and certification of 
conformity and standardization mandates; 
standardization mandates: it should be stressed that the drafting of 
standards does not presuppose that standardization mandates take 
account of all of the requirements of the national regulations. 
What is more, these mandates are only contracts asking experts to 
draft specifications. A return to more general and less specific 
mandates will enable them to be adopted and applied in a more 
flexible manner; 
for decisions on the certification of product conformity, all parties 
should commit themselves to applying consistently the 
methodology devised for exercising a choice between the two 
main options, manufacturer's declaration and certification. Also, if 
several product families were grouped together in a single 
decision, this would avoid the need for taking forty different 
implementing decisions (and thus a great deal of red tape); 
(b) enlightened implementation of the Directive owing to the new 
approach _ 
It is not advisable to defer implementation of the Directive until all 
of the requirements established for a product have been 
harmonised. The test methods for a number of those requirements 
need still to be developed. Any such method of procedure would 
push any tangible results of the standardization activities as a 
whole into the distant future. 
Where there are no harmonised standards and technical approvals, 
a producer has first of all the right to demand application of the 
principle of mutual recognition by invoking the provisions of the 
Treaty on the free movement of goods as interpreted by the Court 
of Justice in its case law, subject to justified restrictions pursuant 
to Article 36 (consumer protection, safety and health). 
Secondly, producers should be given greater scope to declare that a 
product meets the essential Community requirements on the basis 
of the existing interpretative documents, even if not all of the 
harmonised standards are available yet. 
This opportunity should not only make access to the CE logo 
easier for manufacturers, but also allow the Community to 
concentrate its activities on the essential harmonised standards, 
thus avoiding tendencies towards over-regulation and the imposing 
of excessive burdens on manufacturers. 
V. Conclusions 
The implementation of the Directive gives rise to difficulties. 
To overcome them: 
the Commission should undertake to clarify the detailed rules for implementing 
the Directive, speed up the work and draw up a suitable work plan; 
the Member States should avoid insisting on a multitude of detailed rules in the 
implementing provisions; 
the European Committee for Standardization should commit itself to actually 
putting in place a programme to develop harmonised standards. 
In view of the scope thus offered for improving the way in which the Construction-
Products Directive is applied, the Commission does not consider it appropriate to propose 
amending the Directive at this stage. 
It will, however, monitor the situation very closely over the next two years. 
At the end of that period, it reserves the right to propose any amendments deemed 
necessary on the basis of the prevailing situation. 
Moreover, use could be made of these two years by the relevant departments, to 
deliberate, in conjunction with the Standing Committee on Construction, on the 
functioning of the internal market as regards construction products. 
AMMEX 
MOLITOR GROUP 
CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS 
CONSTRUCTION PRODUCTS 
16. At the beginning of 1994, the Atkins Report stressed the importance of the building 
sector for Europe's competitiveness. "Construction is an industry in which Europe can 
beat the world. But there is a danger of failing to grasp the opportunities and allowing 
the markets in Europe and the quality of construction to decline. There is still much that 
can be done to make the industry stronger and to remove some of its weaknesses and to 
improve the built environment of Europe". Competitiveness in the construction industry 
could be improved by the effective free movement of products within the 
European Union. 
Directive 89/106/EEC, amended in 1993 and hereinafter referred to as the Construction-
Products Directive, aims to remove impediments to the free movement of products due to 
differences: 
in standards, testing and certification of conformity procedures, or 
in the national laws on construction products. 
18. The Construction-Products Directive is one of the "new approach" Directives. It lays 
down the essential requirements applicable to building structures as a whole and not to 
the various construction products: 
* mechanical strength and stability 
* safety in the event of fire 
* hygiene, health and the environment 
* safety in use 
* protection against noise 
* energy saving and heat insulation. 
19. This means that Member States can only authorize access to the market of those 
construction products possessing the qualities such that the construction work in which 
they are used satisfies the essential requirements of the Directive. 
20. In contrast to the other "new approach" Directives, the essential requirements of the 
Construction-Products Directive have been embodied in interpretative documents. The 
latter serve as a basis for drafting European harmonised standards or other technical 
specifications established at European level, or for the establishment or conferring of 
European technical approval or for the recognition of national technical specifications. 
21. The CEN (European Committee for Standardization) is responsible for drafting 
European harmonised standards relating to construction products. To be able to use the 
CE logo, the product must conform to the European technical specifications, which are: 
* European harmonised standards (European bodies: CEN, Cenelec); 
* European technical approvals (European body: EOT A); 
* recognized national technical specifications. 
The CE logo indicates that products conform to the European technical specifications that 
apply to them. To certify this, conformity procedures have to be applied. In principle, 
two methods are possible: 
1. a statement of conformity provided by the manufacturer, 
2. a certificate of conformity issued by a notified body. 
22. Although the Construction-Products Directive was adopted in 1988 and its 
transposition was set at 27 June 1991 at the latest, seven years later the building industry 
is still not able to use the CE logo for construction products. 
There are several reasons for this stagnation: 
the drafting of mandates conferred on the CEN for the drawing up of harmonised 
standards takes too long. Only four of the 80 documents needed have so far been 
finalised and progress is therefore much too slow; 
in contrast to the other "new approach" Directives, the Construction-Products 
Directive does not enable manufacturers to use the CE logo directly for products 
which meet the essential requirements of the Directive. The CE logo can only be 
affixed if the product meets the harmonised European technical specifications. In 
practice, this means that manufacturers cannot use the CE logo since there are no 
harmonised technical specifications. 
23. For the time being, the new approach does not work in the construction-products 
sector. As long as there are no harmonised standards or other technical specifications, 
there will be no free movement of construction products. These products must still 
satisfy differing national requirements, which is detrimental to the competitiveness of the 
European construction industry. 
Proposal 11 
10 
The drafting of European harmonised standards for construction products should be 
speeded up. In the meantime, the Commission must put forward proposals to achieve 
these aims while completing and implementing as quickly as possible the review 
provided for in Article 23 of the Construction Products Directive (89/106/EEC), and/or 
enabling manufacturers to sell their products in other Member States. 
11 

ISSN 1024-4506 
KOM(96) 202 slutlig 
DOKUMENT 
SV 02 10 08 
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ISBN 92-78-03973-X 
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