EUROPEISKA GEMENSKAPERNAS KOMMISSION 
KOM(95) 47 slutliga 
Bryssel, den 22.02.1995 
1994 
Årsrapport 
om 
humanitärt stöd 
( framlagt av kommissionen) 

SAMMANFA TINING 
1994 var ECHO:s andra hela verksamhetsår. Ställd inför de ökande och allt svårare 
internationella humanitära kriserna ökade gemenskapen resurserna för humanitärt bistånd 
från 605 miljoner ECU 1993 till väl över 760 miljoner ECU 1994. Denna insats för den 
internationella solidariteten gick till bistånd till offer i 63 länder runt om i världen i 
följande regioner: Staterna i Afrika, Västindien och Stillahavsområdet (AVS) (42,4 
procent), f.d. Jugoslavien (35,3 procent), Östeuropa (0,4 procent), f.d. Sovjetunionen (11,9 
procent), resten av Asien inklusive norra Irak (6,3 procent), Latinamerika (2,8 procent) och 
Nordafrika (0,5 procent). 
Omkring 85 procent av kommissionens humanitära stöd genomförs direkt genom partners 
(41,9 procent genom icke-statliga organisationer, 32,7 procent genom FN-organ, och 8,2 
procent genom andra internationella organisationer). 1 SO partners har undertecknat 
Ramavtalet om partnerskap, vilket blev tillämpligt i september 1993. Efter ett första 
försöksår har ramavtalet allmänt prisats för sitt framgångsrika sätt att strömlinjeforma 
förhållandena med partnerna, och det har tillämpats på ett effektivt sätt. Efter en fruktbar 
dialog med partnerna 1994 om den lärdom man dragit av ramavtalet, förväntas systemet 
förbättras ytterligare 1 99 5. 
Inom den institutionella ramen för humanitära operationer ägde två viktiga förändringar 
rum. För det första skickade kommissionen i juli 1994 ett meddelande till 
budgetmyndigheten vari den förbinder sig att föreslå en rättslig grund för de 
budgetprinciper som används för ECHO:s humanitära aktioner. Ett förslag som skall läggas 
fram under första hälften av 1995 skall definiera omfattningen av humanitära aktioner, 
samordning och förfaringssätt med medlemsstaterna, internationella organisationer och icke­
statliga organisationer. För det andra har livsmedelshjälpprogram av humanitär natur till ett 
värde av SO miljoner ECU fastställts inom ramen för livsmedelshjälpprogrammet hos 
Generaldirektoratet för bistånd (GD VIII). Kommissionen har beslutat att dessa kortsiktiga 
aktioner skall administreras av ECHO med verkan från början av 1995. Omfattande, hastigt 
påkommande livsmedelskriser kommer att bli föremål för närmare samarbete mellan de två 
avdelningarna. 
Kommissionen har också beslutat att stärka samarbetet mellan avdelningarna inom ett annat 
område av mycket stor betydelse för humanitär hjälp. Med början från 1995 kommer 
kommissionens alla aktioner, omfattande totalt 455 miljoner ECU, till förmån för flyktingar, 
inhemskt tvångsförflyttade människor och återvändande i tredje land att samordnas av en 
permanent arbetsgrupp som för närvarande leds av ECHO, med representanter från 
Generaldirektoraten för yttre förbindelser (GD I och GD IA), Generaldirektoratet för 
bistånd (GD VIII) och Generalsekretariatet (SG). Denna grupp har i uppdrag att förbereda 
kommissionens alla beslut om hjälp till flyktingar, inhemskt tvångsförflyttade människor 
samt återvändande i tredje land och göra det på ett följdriktigt sätt med beaktande av alla 
aspekter på kontinuitet, från bistånd till bosättning/utveckling. Gruppen skall också hjälpa 
kommissionen att definiera en gemensam flyktingstrategi. Slutligen skall gruppen också 
förbereda den gemensamma plattformen för förhandlingar med UNHCR, i enlighet med den 
överenskommelse om att höja samordningen mellan EU och UNHCR i flyktingfrågor som 
ingicks av vice ordförande Marin och flyktingkommissarie Ogata i december 1993. 
Kontakterna mellan Europaparlamentet och kommissionens tjänster för humanitärt bistånd 
har ökat under 1994. Stor uppmärksamhet har inom Europaparlamentet och dess 
2 
kommitteer riktats mot alla problem som rört bistånd, uppföljning och förebyggande av 
humanitära kriser. 
Den ökade dialog mellan medlemsstater och kommissionen inom området för humanitärt 
stöd som sattes igång av rådet 1993, har under 1994 fortsatt att främja den ömsesidiga 
förståelsen för operationella och icke-operationella frågor. Förutom frågor om länder och 
regioner har diskussionerna mellan medlemsstaterna och ECHO täckt andra viktiga frågor 
om humanitära aktioner, till exempel katastrofberedskap, humanitära gradkvalifikationer, 
utveckling, förhållanden till internationella organisationer, transporter och logistik. 
Ytterligare åtgärder vidtas som bäst för att stärka det ömsesidiga informationsutbytet om 
humanitärt stöd i tredje land såsom ett första steg mot ett mera operationellt samarbete i 
framtiden. De tre nya medlemsstaterna -Österrike, Finland och Sverige -deltog i 
dialogordningen för första gången 1994. 
Förutom med UNHCR har kommissionen under verksamhetsåret också fortsatt sina 
strävanden att samarbeta närmare med andra FN-organ.Efter en överenskommelse i slutet 
av 1994 om det så kallade "revisionsavtalet", har väg banats för andra FN-organ att 
underteckna Ramavtalet om partnerskap tillsammans med UNCHR. Beträffande icke­
operationella frågor har kommissionen upprätthållit nära relationer med olika delar av FN­
systemet, särskilt avdelningen för humanitära frågor (DHA). Utbyte av katastrofinformation, 
förenade humanitära upprop och katastrofberedskap har varit bland de viktigaste 
horisontella samarbetsområdena. 
Kommissionens humanitära avdelning fortsätter att stärka relationerna med sina motparter 
inom den amerikanska regeringen, den andra stora givaren av humanitär hjälp på den 
internationella scenen. De två parterna utbyter nu information på alla nivåer och möts 
regelbundet för att diskutera regionala eller globala problem rörande humanitära 
hjälpoperationer. 
Frånsett förbättrad samordning och effektivitet har ECHO fått i uppdrag att ge 
gemenskapens humanitära stöd en högre profil. Det är en del av ECHO:s strategi att skapa 
sådan synlighet utåt gemensamt med dess regelbundna partners, icke-statliga organisationer 
och internationella organisationer. I de flesta fall har detta samarbete fungerat väl fastän 
vissa organisationer regelbundet måste påminnas om deras kontraktsenliga förpliktelser 
beträffande synligheten. Ett antal publikationer har tagits fram under 1994, vilka har 
tilldragit sig allmänhetens intresse för ECHO:s arbete. I nära samarbete med medlemsstater 
har humanitära mediatillställningar med syftet att låta EU:s humanitära dimension framträda 
hittills organiserats i Madrid, Berlin och Zagreb. 
Under 1994 lanserades ett program för katastrofberedskap av kommissionen. Programmet 
försöker göra det möjligt för ett urval av katastrofbenägna länder att klara sig bättre när en 
katastrof drabbar dem. Utveckling av mänskliga resurser, stärkande av ledning och 
institutioner samt gemenskapsbaserade program som använder lågkostnadsteknologi utgör 
alla del av programmet. 15 projekt ( omfattande totalt 2,2 miljoner ECU) har valts ut för 
att bekostas av fonderna. På multilateral nivå har 1, I miljoner ECU tilldelats FN:s 
avdelning för humanitära frågor för det internationella decenniet för minskning av 
naturkatastrofer (IDNDR) och för studier om användning av militära och civila 
försvarsresurser i humanitära operationer (MCDA). 
För att lära från tidigare erfarenheter har ECHO genomfört 33 utvärderingar av ett 
omfattande urval av humanitära aktioner sedan november 1993. På det hela taget har 
3 
utvärderingar mottagits positivt av humanitära partners, som betraktar dem som instrument 
som kan hjälpa alla parter att förbättra sina insatser. De flesta utvärderingar har resulterat 
i positiva recensioner från partners. Då problem uppstått har dessa diskuterats i en anda av 
partnerskap. För att ytterligare strömlinjeforma utvärderingsarbetet håller ECHO på att 
utarbeta en utvärderingshandbok. 
ECHO kan inte på något meningsfullt sätt förutse eller programmera humanitära aktioner. 
Men förbättringar i byråns effektivitet har skapat en högre grad av beredskap att hjälpa till 
vid kommande kriser. Denna strategi har tyvärr sina begränsningar. Under de gångna fyra 
åren har gemenskapens humanitära stöd ökat sjufaldigt. En fortsatt ökning i det oändliga 
av fonderandet är varken en realistisk eller tillfredsställande strategi. Det finns inte något 
annat godtagbart alternativ än en förebyggande strategi. 
På gemenskapsnivå kräver en förebyggande strategi allra först att alla aspekter på 
'humanitär kontinuitet' tas i betraktande (t.ex. förebyggande, beredskap och om så är 
nödvändigt bistånd och rehabilitering och deras samband med långsiktig utveckling) och 
blir en naturlig del i alla utrikespolitiska initiativ beträffande katastrofbenägna regioner i 
världen. Förebyggande strategier bör också innefatta noggrant planerade ansträngningar för 
att skydda konfliktoffer och utveckla föregripande åtgärder genom tillträde till viktiga 
beslutsfattare. 
4 
CONTENTS-
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 
2. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 
2.1 Legal Basis 
2.2 Transfer of "Humanitarian Food Aid" from DG VIII to ECHO 
2. FPAs 
3. HUMANITARIAN OPERATIONS DURING 1994 
3 .1 Statistical Overview 
3.2 General Operational Problems Encountered 
3.3 Ex-Yugoslavia 
3.4 ACP Countries 
3.5 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) 
3. 6. Eastem Europe 
3. 7 Asia (including Northem lraq) 
3.8 Middle East 
3.9 Latin America 
4. HORIZONTAL ACTMTIES 
4.1 Information and Visibility 
4.2 Coordination/Cooperation with other Services, Organisations and Donors 
4.2.1 
4.2.2 
4.2.3 
4.2.4 
4.2.5 
4.2.6 Inter-Service Coordination on Refugees, lntemally Displaced Persons 
and Retumees in Third Countries 
Member States 
European Parliament 
NGOs 
United Nations 
4.2.5.1. Implementing UN Agencies 
4.2.5.-2. Department of Humanitarian Affairs (DHA) 
United States 
4.3 Evaluation 
4.4 Disaster Preparedness . 
4. 5 lnformatics 
5. FUTURE PLANS 
5.1 
5.2 Expected Future Emergencies 
Strategic Considerations r 
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1. ·EXECTJTIVE SUMMARY 
1994 was the second full year of operations for ECHO. Faced with the multiplication and 
aggravation of international humanitarian crises the Community increased resources for 
humanitarian relief from the 605 MECU spent in 1993 to well over 760 MECU in 1994. This 
eff ort of international solidarity went to relief of victims in 63 countries around the world in 
the following regions: African Caribbean and Pacific Countries (ACP) ( 42.4 per cent), the 
former Yugoslavia (35.3 per cent), Eastern Europe ( 0.4 per cent), the former Soviet Union 
(11.9 per cent), the rest of Asia including North Iraq (6.3 per cent), Latin America (2.8 per 
cent) and North Africa (0.5 per cent). 
Around 85 per cent of the Commission's humanitarian aid is directly implemented through 
partners (41.9 per cent through NGOs, 32.7 per cent through the UN agencies, and 8.2 per 
cent through other international organisations). 150 partners have signed the Framework 
Partnership Agreement (FPA) which became operational in September 1993. After the first 
trial year the FPA has been generally acclaimed as succe:,:: :ly streamlining relations with 
partners and has raised operational efficiency. Following a fruitful dialogue with partners in 
1994 on the lessons leamed with the FPA, it is expected that the system will be further 
improved in 1995. 
Within the institutional framework for humanitarian operations two important changes took 
place. Firstly, in July 1994 the Commission sent a Communication to the budget authority in 
which it commits itself to propose a legal basis for budget lines used for humanitarian actions 
by ECHO. A proposal will be made in the first half of 1995 and will define the scope of 
humanitarian actions, coordination and means of doing so with Member States, International 
Organisations and Non-Govemmental Organisations (NGOs). Secondly, 50 MECU worth of 
food aid programmes of a humanitarian character have been identified within the food aid 
programme of the Directorate General for Development (DG VIII). The Commission has 
decided that with effect from the beginning of 1995 these short-term actions will be 
administered by ECHO. Massive onset food crises will be the subject of closer cooperation 
between the two services. 
The Commission has also decided to reinforce inter-service r.oordination in another area of 
major importance to humanitarian assistance. As from the begmning of 1995 all Commission 
actions in favour of refugees, intemally displaced persons and retumees in Third countries 
worth a total of 4S5 l\ffiCU will be coordinated by a permanent inter-service group, currently 
chaired by EC'.' -) with representatives from the Directorates-General for Extemal Affairs 
(DG I and DG , -), Directorate General for Development (DG VIII) and Secretariat 
General (SG). This group is mandated to prepare all Commission decisions c~ .. assistance to 
refugees, intemally displaced persons and retumees in third countries in a coherent manner 
that considers all aspects of the continuum from relief to resettlement/development. The· 
group will also help the Commission to define a common refugee strategy. Finally, in 
accordance with the agreement to boost EU-UNHCR coc,dination in refugee matters reached 
by Vice President Marin and Mrs Ogata, the High Comn. oner for Refugees in December" 
1993, the group will also prepare the common platform 1 .1egotiations with UNHCR. 
I 
Contacts between the European Parliament and the humanitarian aid services of the 
Commission have grown during 1994. There has been a high level of attention within the 
European Parliament and its committees to all issues related to relief, follow-up and 
prevention of humanitarian crises. 
The doser dialogue in the field of humanitarian aid between Member States and the 
Commission, instigated by the Council in 1993, has continued in 1994 to promote mutual 
understanding of operational and non-operational matters. In addition to country and regional 
issues, discussions between the Member States and ECHO have covered other relevant issues 
of humanitarian action, for example disaster preparedness, humanitarian degree qualifications, 
evaluation, relations with intemational organisations, transport and logistics. Further steps are 
in hand to strengthen the mutual exchange of information on humanitarian aid in third · 
countries as a first step towards more operational cooperation in the future. The three new 
Member States -Austria, Finland and Sweden -participated in the mechanism for dialogue 
for the first time in 1994. 
In addition to UNHCR, the Commission has also continued efforts during the reporting year 
to cooperate more closely with other UN agencies. Following an agreement at the end of 
1994 on the so-called "audit agreement", the way has been paved for other UN agencies to 
sign the Framework Partnership Agreement along with UNHCR. For as non-operational 
matters, the Commission has maintained close relations with various parts of the UN system, 
especially the Department of Humanitarian Affairs (DHA). Exchange of disaster information, 
consolidated humanitarian appeals, disaster preparedness have been among the most important 
horizontal areas for cooperation. · 
The humanitarian service of the Commission continues to strengthen relations with its 
counterparts within the US Government, the other major donar of humanitarian assistance on 
the international scene. The two parties now exchange information at all levels and meet 
regularly to discuss regional or global issues related to humanitarian aid operations. 
Apart from improved coordination and efficiency ECHO has been mandated to give the 
Community's humanitarian aid a higher profile. It is part of ECHO's strategy to create such 
visibility jointly with its regular partners, the NGOs and intemational organisations. In most 
cases this cooperation has worked well although certain organisations must be regularly 
reminded about their contractual obligations with regard to visibility. A number of 
publications have been produced in 1994 which have attracted public interest in the work of 
ECHO. In close cooperation with Member States, humanitarian media events to project the 
humanitarian dimension of the EU have so far been organised in Madrid, Berlin, and Zagreb. 
During 1994, a Disaster Preparedness Programme was launched by the Commission. The· 
programme seeks to enable a selection of disaster-prone countries to cope better when a 
disaster strikes. Human resource development, management and institutional strengthening and 
community-based programmes using low-cost technoiogy are all part of the programme. 15 
projects (totalling 2.2 MECU) have becn selected for funding. At the multilateral level, 1.1 
MECU have been allocated to the UN Department of Humanitarian affairs for the 
International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR) as well as for studies 
concerning the use of military and civil defence assets in humanitarian operations (MCDA). 
2 l 
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In order to learn from past experienc ) has carrie<.1 
• 33 evaluations of a wide 
selection of humanitarian actions since l' er 1993. Or· :10le, evaluations have been 
received positively by humanitarian partnt.::. 10 consider tht...1 as an instrument that can help 
all parties to improve their performance. Most evaluations h we resulted in positive reviews 
of partners; where problems have occurred these have been discussed in the spirit of 
partnership. To further streamline evaluation work, an evaluation manual is being drawn up 
in ECHO. 
ECHO cannot predict or programme in any meaningful way humanitarian actions. But 
improvements in the efficiency of the Office have created a higher degree of readiness to 
assist in future crises. Unfortunately, this strategy has its limits. During the past four years 
Community humanitarian aid has increased sevenfold. A continuous and open-ended growth 
in funding is neither a realistic nor a satisfactory strategy; there is no acceptable alternative 
but a preventive strategy. 
At Community level preventive strategy first requires that all aspects of 'humanitarian 
continuum' are considered (i.e. prevention, preparedness and if necessary · relief and 
rehabilitation and their links with long-term development) and become a natural part of all 
foreign policy initiatives when dealing with disaster-prone regions of the world. Preventive 
strategies should also include carefully designed efforts to protect victims of conflicts and 
develop anticipated action thro1..~~h access to key decision makers. 
2. INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK 
2.1 Legal Basis 
On 6 July 1994, the Commission adopted a communication to the budget authority concerning 
the legal basis. It c.ommitted itself to propose the legal basis for a number of Community 
budget lines, for which no legal basis so far · exists, apart from the general budget 
authorization. 
The Commission thus in.tends to submit shortly a draft regulation covering all budget lines 
used by ECHO. In the "Statement by the Council and the Commission on humanitarian 
action" of November 25, 1994, the Council, in view of the increasing importance of 
humanitarian aid, welcomed this initiative. This legal basis sl "llld define the scope-of 
humanitarian action, coordination as well as the conditions fo ,peration between the 
Community, the Member States, the interilational and non-govemm~ .. al organizations. The 
Council also underlined the importance of transparent and quick procedures as well as clear­
criteria with respect to cooperation with NGOs in humanitarian assistance. 
3 
2.2 Transfer of "Humanitarian Food Aid" from DG VIII to ECHO 
Since its creation ECHO has been responsible for the budget line "emergency food aid" which 
until 1992 was administered by DG VIII/Food Aid Division. A certain part of the food aid. 
still administered by DG VIII could also be characterized as humanitarian in nature. So far 
a total of over 50 :MECU worth of "humanitarian" food aid programmes have been identifi~d. 
The specific criteria for the new division of labour is as follows: 
(a) food aid operations that are specifically humanitarian will be handled 
by ECHO~ 
(b) development-related food aid operations, structural aid, food-security 
projects and other projects with a development component will be 
handled by DG VIII/Food Aid. 
( c) in the event of a serious food crisis, or a humanitarian crisis in which 
food is a major factor, all Community food instruments will be 
coordinated in a single operation, with such coordination being 
provided by DG VIII/Food Aid Unit in food crises and by ECHO in 
. humanitarian crises. 
( d) the two services will liaise permanently in order to max1m1ze 
consistency and coordination and ensure as efficient and smooth a 
transition as possible between humanitarian operations and 
rehabilitation or development projects. 
A Commission Communication to this effect was adopted in December 1994; the fine tuning 
of the transfer will begin in January 1995. 
2. FPAs 
Following the Commission's Communication of 5 May 1993 establishing the Framework 
Partnership Agreement (FPA), the new instrument became fully operational in September 
1993. To date~ more than 150 NGOs and intemational organizations have signed this 
Agreement with the Commission (the full list of ECHO partners is shown in Annex 1). · 
The FP A was conceived to deliver more efficient humanitarian operations, to speed up the 
procedures and to simplify the decision-making process. After a first trial period of more than 
one year, .there can be no doubt that the · introduction of the ~PA has contributed to better 
dialogue between ECHO and the partners. The FP A represents a clear improvement over the 
previous situation, allowing requests and projects to be handled in a more streamlined way. 
Implementation of the FPA has, however, revealed a number of areas where further 
4 l 
rovements may be necessary so as to prom0 quicker and more flexible response to 
., natural and man-made disasters. A certain ,1umber of problems have been raised by 
partners, in particular:. delays in the processing of proposals; details required for the 
submission of proposals; duration of projects; payment procedures and budget flexibility. 
These observations resulted in a series of consultation meetings between ECHO and the 
partners, the first on 7 June 1994 in Geneva at the initiative of the International Committee 
of the Red Cross. Tw ... similar meetings were later organised by ECHO in July and October 
1994. ECHO has put forward certain proposals aiming at meeting key cancerns of partners. 
A "dialogue" group of partners has tabled proposals too. This could result in a slight revision 
of the FP A system in the future. 
In parallel to this exercise, an independent evaluation of the functioning of the FPA confirmed 
that the system works by and large. Changes proposed in the evaluauon study have in many 
cases been incorporated in the aforementioned proposals to the partners. 
3. HUMANITARIAN OPERATIONS DURING 1994 
3.1 Statistical Overview 
Throughout the year, the Commission responded to the pressing needs of victims of man­
made as well as natural disasters in around 70 countries across the globe involving 1002 
contracts of humanitarian aid_ fora total of 764 MECU (see Figure 1). The full geographical 
breakdown of operations during 1993 and 1994 is shown in Annex 2. 
The Commission's sources of finance in 1994 were the Community budget for a total of 501 
~: ·:u including a reserve of 233 MECU, and the European Development Fund under the 
1. .ae IV Convention which contributed 263 MECU (see Figure 2 below as well as the 
breakdown of decisions by source of finance in Annex 3, Annex 4 and Annex S). 
5 
--~:: •': .. * *. . .. 
$,,-✓-* .• * ,, ·~. * 1/tt&A. * ':_--:·. *. -,. ': . * * * 
0 Figure 1 
FINANCIAL DECISIONS FOR HUMANITARIAN AID BY REGION 
------------ ------------------~ 
199 3 
,.y (65.4%) ·-. 
EX-YU GOSLAVIA// ----- ---------" 
(16.5%) 
I 
ACP 
NORTH AFRICA 
~0.5%) 
(42.4%) 
/ 
ACP 
ASIA LATIN. AMERICA 
✓ 
/å:i~-- NORTH AFRICA 
(3.7¾h, 
::::·· (l.&%) ~ --ASIA 
(0.1%) --...... IRAK 
)8.5%) \ 
. EASTERN EUROPE 
C.I.S 
(35.3%) EX-YUGOSLAVIA 
GLOBAL .....----
(2foro,~_ LATIN AMERICA 
(2.9%) 
...___ IRAK 
(11.9%) ~ 
(3 4°~) ~ ) 10.,•, . C.I.S. 
EASTERN EUROPE l 
r 
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~ *** * •• * * 1--i\ * * * *•* 
E H 0 
:::> 
(.) 
w 
2 1000 
800 
600 
400 
200 
0 IDetailed~reakdown of Financial Decisions by Source of Finance 1992 -19941 
-----------····•-• ···------- -------· -------------- -· --------
D 199 2 
D 199 3 
• 1994 
LOME IV LOME 111 Budget I 
TOTAL Figw·~ 2 
, 
*** * •• * *M* * * *** 
E C 
I n 1990 
I 0 1991 
D 1992 
,· 
I I 1993 
I 1994 
·4 
f . 0 
"' t: 
0 
:e --· --------------------------
Figure 3 
Total Humanitarian Assistance 1990 -1991 -1992 -1993 -1994 
----------------------------------------------------·- -------------
300 d amounts in ECU j EC NGOs 
UNITE0 NATIONS 
200 
100 
0 ,r r-
43,222,500 0 1,415,000 29,249,500 7,231,000 1,762,000 11,256,000 ' 14,154,000 I 
2,013,855 13,461,500 0 87,685,529 4,778,000 3,652,400 I 46,524,500 i 33,244,000 
11,368,642 21,526,340 25,325,000 111 .~46,577 1,552,000 1,089,626 I 122,843,166 I 36,809,900 
55,194,966 3,546,195 10,400,000 263,480,750 7,354,697 4,740,000 189,723,733 I 64,499,515 
91,131,833 4,777,000 1,800,000 254,763,605 5,697,079 600,000 _.l_. __ ]98,725,139 _: 50,085,603 
I ~ .. 
Around 85 per cent of the resources administered by ECHO are channelled through partners 
of which NGOs account for 41.9 per cent, UN agencies for 32.7 per cent and other 
international organisations for 8.2 per cent. Only around 14 per cent was executed as "direct 
actions" by the Commission, essentially in thc former Yugoslavia. It should be noted that 
even "direct actions" in most cases depend on NGOs (often local) who help with the 
distribution of aid in the field. It is important that the Commission through ECHO should 
have the capacity to carry out direct actions~ but it must also be understood that these actions 
are only contemplated wh,~ ·: the traditional partners cannot fully meet the needs of a given 
situation. 
An overview of the contracts awarded to partners <luring the period 1990-94 appears in 
Figure 3 above (the full table is shown in Annex 6). 
3.2 General Operational Problems Encountered 
Before looking geographically at the specific actions undertaken in 1994, it is worth dwelling 
' on a few of the more important general problems encountered in the implementation of 
humanitarian aid during the reporting year. 
 Mobilization of partners. In the past it has often been a problem for the 
Commission to mobilize partners for certain disaster regions of the world. As 
a result ECHO has organized meetings with NGOs interested in operating in 
countries where there is a chronic, rather than a sudden, emergency situation. 
This seems to have worked particularly well in Iraq and in the Caucasus 
Region, allowing ECHO to establish overall balanced programmes. It is 
intended to organize similar meetings for the increasingly important Central 
Asian areas of the Former Soviet Union. 
 Logistical obstacles. In some cases ECHO encounters problems in getting aid 
to the final beneficiaries because humanitarian C""'1voys are increasingly subject 
to security problems, are dependent on adrri,. ,:tive authorizations on the 
ground, or are subject to unauthorised di, · g. ex-Yugoslavia and 
Angola). Another serious logistical bottleneci-. i in several cases when 
field conditions and permanent conflicts prt, . !. .,~ organisation of land ' 
transport and ECHO has had to rely on more costly air transport (e.g. in 
certain operations in the Horn of Africa). 
 Coopr· ation with World Food Programme (WFP). A number of operational 
problems with the actions executed by the WFP have been discussed with this 
organisation during 1994. It is expect · that solutions can be found in the near 
future ·in order to meet the Communit:fs reporting standards and expectations 
for transparency and fast deliveries of humanitarian assistance (see further 
4.2.5.1). 
 Visibility~ In spite of clear contractual obligations there has been a tendency 
for some partners not to give the c~~munity the necessary visibility in joint 
operations. ECHO will make fu -efforts in 1995 to encourage non-
9 
complying partners to adhere to their obligations. 
 Coordination of partners. In order to introduce efficient coordination of the 
I arge numbers of partners ( especially NGOs) that take part in certain 
Community-funded emergencies, ECHO has tried within the framework of 
certain of its "global plans", to give one partner a coordinating role. Due to 
non-acceptance by several partners, this approach has bom little fruit. As an 
alternative ECHO in the summer of 1994 adopted a regional approach in 
Rwanda and channelled its financial contribution to the relief programmes for 
refugees and returnees thr~ugh UNHCR which was given the task to 
coordinate and to identify relevant humanitarian partners. The success of this 
experiment was confirmed at an evaluation meeting of ECHO, UNHCR and 
NGOs in November 1994 even if NGOs have expressed some reserves about 
this approach. ECHO will continue to make any effort in order to contribute 
to strengthen the coordination mechanisms in the humanitarian aid. 
3.3 Ex-Yugoslavia 
Since the start of the conflict in 1991, the EU has given a total of ECU 954 million in 
huma~itarian aid to the former Yugoslavia, braken down as follows: 
1991: 
1992: 
1993: 
1994: 13 MECU 
277 MECU 
395 MECU 
269 MECU 
If bilateral Member State aid is added, the overall total is ECU 1.5 billion or 70% of all 
international aid, making the EU the world's top donor in the region. 
In 1993, humanitarian aid to ex-Yugoslavia came to 395 MECU or 63.4% of all such 
assistance administered by ECHO that year1. This was divided between humanitarian agencies, 
with 38.5% going to non-governmental organizations, 18.7% to the UNHCR, .13.2% to the 
WFP, 4 o/o to other UN bodies, 10 % to the ICRC/IFRC, 9.9% for direct operations, and 5.7% 
to other bodies. 
This year the Commission approved eight decisions, worth 269 MECU, for humanitarian aid 
programmes for refugees and displaced people in the various republics (see Annex 7). 59 
MECU of this went to UN agencies. 30.8% of the total went on foodstuffs, 7.5% on 
toiletries, 18.5% on medical assistance, 19.9% on logistics, 3.0% on psycho-social 
programmes, 9.7% ori basic, emergency rehabilitation operations, and 10.6% on miscellaneous 
equipment. 
1993 annual report 
JO l 
,... 
r 
The fall in 1994 in Community spending on human1 an ass1 'mce to the region is due to 
a number of factors. Firstly, the schedule drawn up ir _Jtumn ,.J (decisions of 22 October, 
I 6 November and 6 December totalling 175 MECU) _ covercd all food, health, medical, 
logistical and basic needs throughout former Yugoslavia until March 1994. Secondly, from 
April onwards, free access led to a resumption of commercial -traffic and to the parti al 
recovery of local economies_ Thirdly, the number of people receiving humanitarian aid 
(displaced persons, refugees and the needy) fell from 4.2 million to 2.2 million. 
To meet the needs of the 1994/95 winter, the Commission adopted a decision for an 156 
MECU humanitarian aid programme on 17 November, with the following priorities: -
extension of vital medical and health programmes~ 
extension of psycho-social programmes, mainly through education and social 
resettlement schemes for those scarred by the conflict; 
supply of logistical means needed for the above programmes~ 
continuation of support for basic emergency rehabilitation activities. 
This latest decision earmarks 89.5 MECU (57%) for Bosnia-Herzegovina. A further '15 
MECU will go to the UNHCR to enable it to continue with the above programmes (covering 
basic necessities, logistics, health care and shelter). Croatia will receive 19.5% of the aid 
total, Serbia-Montenegro 17%, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) 5.8% 
and Slovenia 0. 1%. 
In Croatia, the European Community Task Force (ECTF), set up by the Birmingham 
European Council in December I ~,92 and based in Zagreb, continues to coordinate EU aid and 
provide logistical support to bodies working in the field, the UNHCR and NGOs. 
In Serbia-Montenegro, ECHO-Belgrade is responsible for administering and monitoring EU­
sponson-- · ~perations and for overseeing the direct aid for refugees staying in family homes, 
displac. --· µersons and people in need of social help. 
In Bosnia-Herzegovina 50.1 % of the aid granted went on vital programmes targeted at 
besieged· communities in the enclaves of Sarajevo, Zenica, Tuzla, Bihac and Banja Luka. The 
Commissio~ also supported the activities of the International Management Group (IMG) with 
financing for basic emergency rehabilitation projects (water, electricity and shelter) in Mostar, 
Sarajevo and other ~ ;irts of the republit which are vital for a return to normal life. 
Overi 
desp. ~herefote, the need for burna ,n aid 
.. >ntinuing uricerta,nty about tht ~uture of 
Il the former Yugoslavia eased this year 
conflict. 
3.4 ACP Countries 
In 1993, 100 MECU was granted for humanitarian assistance programmes in over 25 
countries. The 1994 figure for Africa was 324 MECU or 42.4 % of the total for the whole 
ACP. Over 263 MECU was committed under Article 254 of the Fourth Lome Convention2, 
while the rest came from budget article B7-5000 for activities in Somalia, Haiti, Angola, 
Sudan and for people from Rwanda and Burundi. 
The year saw the adoption by the Commission of eight general humanitarian assistance 
"global" plans to help tackle _the crisis in Burundi and Rwanda, the wars in Angola and 
Sudan, and hardship in Zaire and Haiti. 
-In Angola, an 18 MECU plan for the six months from February to August gave support to 
the programmes of around twenty NGOs, the ICRC, the UNHCR and the WFP. As an 
extension to this global plan, a financial decision of 6 MECU was approved by the 
Commission in November. 
In Sudan, a 17 MECU plan was launched for a six-month period (April to October) for 
displaced people in the south of the country and Sudanese refugees in Uganda. 16 NGOs, the 
UNHCR, UNICEF and the IFRC were involved in the programme. In December, a further 
8 MECU was directed towards the same ta.rget population. 
In Zaire, a 6 MECU plan was adopted by the Commission in July to cover the basic needs 
of displaced people in Shaba, Kasai and North Kivu, also for a six-month period. 
A number of humanitarian aid plans were adopted for Burundi before the crisis of 6 April 
to which Commission responded with the following regional plan: 
13. 5 MECU was given for Burundi refugees in neighbouring countries following 
the 18.3 MECU general plan approved in December last year. The .plan went to 
support the activities of ten NGOs, the WFP, UNICEF and the UNHCR between 
mid-February and April 6. 
A general 14 MECU plan was approved for displaced persons and retumees from 
Burundi, covering the six months from mid-March. Those partners who requested 
extensions for their activities are still being covered by the plan. 
8 MECU went to nine NGOs to cover the needs of 3S0 000 displaced Rwandans 
in the north of Rwanda for the six months from mid-February to mid-August. The 
programmes involved had to be suspended on 6 April but have all since been re­
targeted. 
On 6 April, a regional approach was adopted by ECHO to meet the considerable need for 
assistance· provoked by large-scale and rapid population movements at the start of the 
2 Of the amount of 263 MECU, 12 MECU was transferred in the fonn of an advance in July 1994 
from art. 255 of the Fourth Lome Convention ~n favour of victims of the crisis in Rwanda. 
12 l 
Rwandan cris! a bid for more effective and coordinated action, ECHO adopted a flexible 
regional plan. ; the UNHCR responsibility for identifying an., ·oordinating humanitarian 
programmes fo . ugees and displaced people in neighbouring TanLania, Burundi, Zaire and 
Uganda. Since adoption, 167.5 MECU has gone to people in need under this approach. 
In Haiti, the Commission's latest humanitarian assistance plan this year is designed to provide 
an all-round response to the most pressing needs faced by vulnerable groups . The six-month 
plan has provided 12 MECU for medical, food and health programmes. 
In addition to these integrated programmes and despite the fäet that the lion's share of funds 
went to the Rwanda and Burundi crisis, ECHO managed to support assistance programmes 
in over 25 countries (see Annex 2). Included were the repatriation of refugees in Eritrea, a 
project to help displaced persons in Ghana, a campaign against cholera epidemics in Guinea, 
Guinea Bissau and Chad, assistance for displaced and refugee Somalis in Kenya, 
programmes to combat drought in Chad and Tanzania, help for Touareg people in Mali, a 
scheme in Papua New Guinea, and aid for Ghanaian refugees in Togo and displaced groups 
in Nigeria. 
Liberia and Somalia were also the targets for aid. In Liberia, ECHO gave 7. 4 MECU for 
medical, health and water distribution programmes to meet the needs of over a million people 
affected by the civil war. Finance was given for operations to help Liberian refugees in 
Guinea '.d Cöte d'lvoire. 
In Somalia, ECHO gave a further 8.3 MECU despite the worsening conditions in which 
NGOs have to operate. ECHO has attempted to maintain a skeleton presence in the country 
to counter the famine and epidemics which could re-emerge if fighting resumes. ' 
The 324 MECU given to the ACP in humanitarian aid this year was three times the I'-O 
MECU granted in 1993. More than 65% of this, or ECU 218 million, went to refugees, 
returnees and displaced people from Rwanda and Burundi. This brings the total of aid given 
to the region since the start of the Burundi crisis on 21 October last year to ECU 248.4 
million (see Annex 9). 
The new form of cooperation and partnership instigated during the Rwandan crisis between 
ECHO, the UNHCR and NGOs working in the field has general ly been judged to be effective. 
Cooperation and coordination of this type could be the key in any funire operations to deal 
with such large-scale sudden-onset emergencies. 
Another regional operation was undertaken in East Afri!'.'? (Somalia, Southem Sudan and 
Rwanda) where many ECHO-funded projects necessitau .. g. air transport were runnning 
simultaneousl·. The ECHO FLIGHT air transport system, based in Kenya, was created 
in 1994 as an economically sound alternative by exploiting economies'."'of-scale, and as an 
effective service in the field for both goods and personnel. As a result of ECHO FLIGHT, 
the cost of EU-funded humanitarian air transport in the region has dropped by 16 per cent 
since the system was created. 
13 .. 
3.5 Commonwealth of Independent States 
During 1994, the members of the Commonwealth of Independent States were fortunately less 
plagued by interna) and neighbouring conflicts than in 1993, ~ven if the underlying causes had 
not been settled. This relative calm, however, showed up the more basic humanitarian needs 
that had been neglected in the past due to other pressures, so that the total aid granted to the 
CIS at just over 90 MECU showed an increase of 76 % compared with the 1993 figure of 
51.3 MECU. 
The Commission's humanitarian assistance to the CIS continued to be concentrated on its 
activities in the three countries of the Southern Caucasus (Arrnenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia), 
which together received 55.5 MECU, compared to 34.4 MECU in 1993. This increase in 
volume is all the more remarkable, given the difficulties of transport both to and inside the 
region. Much of this aid was concentrated on medical assistance, but each of the three 
· countries benefitted from the special food aid programme for·the Caucasus and Central Asia 
administered by ECHO. 
Out of the Commission's 204 MECU programme covering Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, 
Kyrghyzstan, Moldova and Tajikistan, the Commission humanitarian component amounted 
to 35 MECU. The Southern Caucasus countries received together 19 l\1ECU (included in 
above-mentioned 55.5 MECU for the region) while contributions were also made to each of 
the other three above-mentioned countries of Kyrghyzstan, Moldova and Tajikistan. 
Kyrghyzstan and Tajikistan pose special problems for supplying aid in quantity because of 
the weather conditions during much of the year. Equally, it is only recently that the 
Commission's humanitarian partners have begun to operate in Kyrghyzstan. 
The Humanitarian Office was also active in Belarus, the Russian Federation and Ukraine. 
In these three countries, the emphasis was on alleviating the effects of the Chernobyl disaster, 
which is now showing up in increasing numbers of thyroid cancer cases and the need for 
specialist medical monitoring and care. Emergency assistance was also given to Ukraine to 
combat an outbreak of cholera. 
Another thematic approach was applied to the problem of basic vaccinations in the CIS, since 
these had largely fallen into abeyance with the disintegration of the former Soviet Union. As 
part of an overall plan drawn up by the WHO and UNICEF, ECHO contributed to vaccination 
campaigris in the Southern Caucasus, Belarus and Ukraine. 
At the end of the year, a contribution was made to the International Committee of the Red 
. Cross to bring relief to those suffering from fighting in the Autonomous Republic of 
Chechnya, Russian Federation, and it was expected that this aid would be increased during 
early 1995. 
3.6 Eastern Europe 
In Eastern Europe, assistance of medical and basic supplies was given to Albania, together 
with an emergency programme following an outbreak of cholera, while consideration was also 
being given to basic medical aid in Bulgaria. 
14 ( 
r 
[_ 
3.7 Asia (including Northei Iraq) 
In Asia humanitarian aid continues to be dominated by the problems of Afghanistan and Iraq. 
Even if other assistance was available to Afghanistan from different budgetary lines of the 
Commission ECHO contributed over 12 MECU to aid thr plight of the refugees and those 
in some_of the areas still wrecked by civil war. Much of frus aid has of course been medical 
but many areas are extremely difficult to reach without putting our partners at unacceptable 
personal risk. This is unfortunately particularly true in the areas of greatest urgent need, as 
around Kabul where large-scale fighting continues. 
In Iraq the Commission continued to be by far the largest provider of assistance . The total 
for the year was 22.5 MECU, slightly more than in 1993. In the North there was a slight 
adjustment in the type of aid given with fuel for cooking and heating no Ionger being 
provided and certain projects aimed at restoring agricultural produ: 1n being supported. 
Despite this, it was still necessary to maintain food to many of the r,iust vulnerable groups 
in the North. The Commission continued its programme of support in the Marsh areas of the 
South and under strictly controlled conditions overseen by the Dutch Red Cross, gave 
assistance to some of the most needy in the Government controlled areas. Access to the 
North, already cut off from the South by the Baghdad govemment imposed embargo, was at 
times made even more difficult by Turkish controls in the South-East of their country. 
Apart from these two major areas of humanitarian need Asia continued to have its share of 
natural disasters from flooding and volcanoes together with the aftermath of civil strife. This 
led to actions in Bangladesh, Cambodia, Laos, Pakistan, the Philippines, Sri Lanka and 
Vietnam. · 
3.8 Middle East 
In this region Commission's humanitarian service continued to play a role in aiding the 
Occupied and Autonomous Territories, including the nascent Palestinian Administration. 
A total of 4. 7 MECU was granted, split alm ost equally between food and medical aid. 
The Humanitarian Office was also active in helping with the after effects of the fighting in 
Yemen and assisted the Sahraoui and Tuareg refugees in Algeria. Natural disasters such as 
earthquakes and the destruction of vast areas led to emergency assistance to Algeria and 
Egypt. 
3.9 Latin America 
In Latin America the main beneficiary of humanitarian aid continued to be Cuba which 
received a total of 14 MECU. lf the neuroptic disease identified _in 1993 had been largely 
contained; the genenl situation in Cuba remained such that there is an ongoing need for 
medical and food aic The continuing relatively large programme for this country means that 
it was essential to ensure that our chosen partners could operate without the governmental 
'influence traditionally felt in all aspects of Cuban life. 'ne necessary negotiations delayed . 
the start of part of the programme hut nevertheless ensured that with the appropriate controls~ 
15 
the programme is now being implemented as intended. 
Elsewhere in the region the Commission assisted refugees in Central America and the 
victims of the uprising in Mexico, hut the majority of the actions amounted to standard 
humanitarian responses to disasters by assisting with ongoing basic needs. The Commission 
actively supported humanitarian programmes in Bolivia, Brazil, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Peru 
and El Salvador. 
4. HORIZONTAL ACTIVITIES 
4.1 Information and Visibility 
Information about European Commission Humanitarian Aid, both as part of public awareness 
as well as transparency, is now a well established part of its operations. While one expects 
that a major donor like the EU should receive a high profile that is commensurate with its 
contribution, visibility cannot and will not be a conditioning factor to determine humanitarian 
aid in any emergency situation. In keeping with this philosophy ECHO has extended its public 
information role through the press and the audio-visual media. 
Press releases for every single allocation are now standard practice. 
The list of publications included the Annual Report, the quarterly newsletter (ECHO News), 
regional background reports on a specific humanitarian crisis (ECHO Files) and an 
assortment of brochures and leaflets on different aspects of our humanitarian operations. 
A start has been made in producing publications and audio-visuals jointly with operating 
partners within the field of humanitarian aid. The lntemational Committee of the Red Cross 
provides a good example of such cooperation in public information. However, the 
Commission still has some way to go on this road. In order to obtain the full impact of the 
humanitarian response of the EU, ECHO is working to establish a network of information and 
visibility in much closer cooperation with the public relations departments of its NGO 
partners. 
The Meinber States have also played a role in the projection of the EU humanitarian 
dimension. Presentation of humanitarian operations through media events, were organised in 
Madrid, Berlin and Zagreb, with the patronage of the highest authorities. The inclusion of 
the 'Humanitarian Day' in Berlin in the events of the German Presidency set a good precedent 
to be followed in the coming Presidencies with events in Paris and Barcelona. 
In recognition of the· important role played by the Commission's humanitarian partners in 
generating visibility for operations in the field, clear ground rules have been established in 
the Framework Partnership Agreement. In spite of clear contractual obligations there has been 
a tendency for some partners not to give the Community the necessary visibility in joint 
operations. ECHO will make further efforts in 1995 to encourage non-complying partners to 
adhere to their obligations. 
16 l 
• 
4.2 Coordination/Cooperation with other Services, Organisations and 
Donors 
4.2.1 Inter-Service Coordination on Refugees, Internally Displaced Persons and 
Returnees in Third Countries 
Humanitarian aid actions financed by the Commission are subject to an internat consultation 
procedure whereby all relevant services are heard before a final decision is taken. Within a 
particular area, however, that of refugees, intemally displaced persons and returnees, a special 
need fora more intense type of cooperation was identified at the end of '1993. 
When Vice-President Mann and Mrs Ogata signed the first Framework Partnership Agreement 
for humanitarian aid on 13th December 1993 in Brussels both parties agreed to establish a 
Joint High-Level Group in order to coordinate the UNHCR and EC actions and strategies. 
To assure, in its dealings with the UNHCR, a single position and a single policy for aid to 
refugees outside the European Community, the Commission subsequently established a High­
Level Inter-Service Group with participation of DG I anc DG VIII under the chairmanship 
of ECHO. The mandate of the Inter-Service Group was to : 
o establish a coherent Community approach embracing all available EU 
instruments; o o 
o define a common strategy; and 
o establish common ways and means for working more closely with the UNHCR 
within the field of refugees, retumees and displaced persons. 
As a result of the ( 1p's work, a Communication on the Coordination of Aid towards 
Refugees, lntemally i.J1 .;,laced Persons and Retumees in Third Countries was adopted on 25 
November 1994. The Communication calls for the following measures : 
o the creation of a Permanent Inter-Servire Group (PISG), comprising DG I 
N/S, DG VIII/Food Aid, DG VIII/Refugees '.,ecretariat General and DG IA 
under the chairmanship of ECHO, with the a:m of supporting, in a more 
coherent manner, the whole "refugee continuum" (from::::· ·\rt-term to long-term 
assistance) and encouraging preventive actions in thiro .;ountries; 
o the mandate of the PISG will include: 
preparation of the Commission's decisions on assistance to 
refugees, displaced persons and retumees in third countries~ 
reflection on future need for assistance and preventive actions 
17 • 
tcmards refugees, displaced persons and returnees in third 
countries, including the examination of a future common 
Commission policy in this area~ 
coordination of the Commission's actions within the field of 
assistance towards refugees, displaced persons and returnees in 
third countries with UNHCR and other international 
organisations. 
preparation of proposals relating to a more coherent legal basis 
for aid to refugees, internally displaced persons and r~turnees 
by rearranging budget lines or adapting existing budget lines. 
Subsequently, the PISG has adopted Implementing Rules and set up a database that will make 
it easier to follow all Commission actions towards refugees, internally displaced persons and 
returnees in a given area. The new database system is also designed to record linkages 
between actions of different services with a view to facilitate coherence and follow-up along 
the "refugee continuum". 
The importance of the PISG in coordinating Commission actions towards refugees, internally 
displaced persons and retumees in Third countries was further underlined at the end of 1994 
when new estimates showed that these actions totalled around 450 :MECU for that year. 
4.2.2 Mem ber States 
In May 1993 the Council inaugurated a new mechanism of dialogue between Member States 
and ECHO on the humanitarian action of the Union. In 1994 this dialogue, based essentially 
on quarterly meetings to debate humanitarian aid issues across the board, got into full stride. 
At the heart of such meetings were factual reviews, based on extensive documentation, of 
situations in individual countries or regions where the Union and its Member States are 
extensively engaged in humanitarian aid operations. While not formally speaking a 
coordination mechanism, this form of dialogue has enabled Member States and ECHO to 
obtain a more thorough understanding of what each is doing, where and how. 
In addition to the country and regional discussions, dialogue between Member States and 
ECHO lias covered a number of other relevant issues of humanitarian action, for example 
disaster preparedness, humanitarian degree qualifications, evaluation, relations with 
international organisations, transports and logistics. 
Additionally Member States and ECHO came together on a number of occasions in ad hoc 
meetings to discuss action in specific major theatres of operation such as northem Iraq, ex­
Yugoslavia, Rwanda; Haiti etc. 
The four prospective new Member states -Austria, Finland, Sweden and Norway -
participated in the mechanism for dialogue for the first time during the summer. 
More systematic information is being compiled on the details of Member States' humanitarian 
aid policies and programmes based on a questionnaire. 
18 l 
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L. 
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[_ 
For a number of years now reporting I humanitarian ctions has been promoted through 
what is known internationally as the 'Fourtcen-point x" system. ECHO has introduced 
some refinements to this system which is progress,vely becoming the backbone for 
information exchange within the Union. 
4.2.3 European Parliament 
Traditionally humanitarian aid has been assimilated by and large into the development sphere 
as concerns the political and technical attention devoted to it by the European Parliament. 
Hence it has been primarily the Development Committee of Parliament that has provided the 
forum for debate on humanitarian issues. Considerable attention to humanitarian matters has 
also been a feature of the Joint ACP-EC Assembly and of the Committee for External Affairs, 
Security and Defence and the Sub-Committee on Human Rights. The Commission has eagerly 
seized several occasions during the year to present its humanitarian policies and actions before 
Parliament, to reply to questions and to debate, particularly before the Development 
Committee. Parliament has not. been in a position to stage a full-scale debate on the 
humanitarian action of the Union during a plenary session. 
Following the elections in May which b: 1ught into Parliament a number of new MEPs with 
pronounced interests in humanitarian aid, a new Intergroup on preventive diplomacy and 
humanitarian action was created. This forum, which attracted broad cross-party support, 
promises to introduce new dimensions into Parliament's monitoring and appreciation of the 
humanitarian work of the Union. One of the initiatives taken by this forum is to promote the 
creation of a "Humanitarian Observatory" which is intended to give Parliament and the 
European Union as a whole a better possibility to predict and act on emerging crises. 
4.2.4 NGOs 
The basic statistics of ECHO for 1994 tel1 their own story about the partnership principle that 
lies at the heart of ECHO's operations~ of the total volume of humanitarian funding managed 
by ECHO during 1994 on behalf ofthe Union, 41.9% was contracted with non-govemmental 
organisations (NGOs). 
Altogether during 1994, 548 contracts were signed with a total of 147 NGCh for humanitarian 
aid projects in 63 countries. 
1994 ushered in the first full year of operations with partners using_ the Framework 
Partnership Agreement, initiated in May and operational from September 1993. By the end 
of 1994 a total of 150 partners had si gned the FP A, among th~m 144 NGOs. 
From early on it was recognised by all concemed,' by ECHO as well as by its partners, that 
the working of the FPA during its first year would involve some measure of tria.1 and error 
and that an early review of its functioning would make sense (see above 2). The conclusions 
to be drawn from this review exercise are currently being studied. 
/9 • 
Numerous opportunities arose during the year for consultation between ECHO, NGOs and 
other partners over present and prospective field operations. In global plans for ACP countries 
and elsewhere such consultations did much to promote a more rational use of scarce human 
and material resources. 
Dialogue with NGOs has not been restricted to operations. There have been occasions during 
the year when the Commission has been able to talk with NGOs on broader issues of mutual 
concern. Various national NGO platforms also provided welcome opportunities for frank and 
constructive debate. At Easter the symposium run by the Brussels-based NGO Liaison 
Committee on "Conflict, development and military intervention" further fuelled a sharpening 
debate within the international humanitarian community, heightened by the complex of issues 
over prevention. 
4.2.5 
4.2.5.1 United Nations 
Implementing UN Agencies 
The traditionally good relationships between the European Commission and the implementing 
UN agencies within the field of humanitarian assistance received a boost at the end of 1993 
when the Commission signed the first Framework Partnership Agreement (FPA) with 
UNHCR. Unfortunately, when other UN agencies like WFP, UNICEF and WHO wanted to 
sign the agreement during 1994, this moved was blocked within the UN Secretariat in New 
York where there were problems in accepting the "audit clause" (art. 28) of the FPA which 
stipulates that the Commission always has the right to request a financial report on activities 
it finances and to pay a field visit to these activities. Meanwhile, showing the flexible 
approach of the Community, the various aid services of the Commission (including ECHO) 
were allowed, on a temporary basis, to finance operations with the UN. 
Following negotiations between the UN and Community during 1994, a compromise accepting 
the "audit clause" subject to certain clarifications has been approved by both parties. The 
compromise will open the way for other UN agencies to sign the FPA. 
A number of UN agencies have been involved in the implementation of humanitarian 
assistance financed by the Commission and are regarded as close partners. As shown in 
Figure 4 and Annex 8 below, contracts with UN agencies have grown fast both in absolute 
and in relative terms. Whereas contracts with UN partners amounted to 10 per cent of the 
total in 1990, this amount increased to 32.7 per cent in 1994. Consequently, the UN family 
as a whole isat the moment the Commission's most important partner after the NGOs (41.9 
per cent) within the field of humanitarian aid. 
Among the UN partners, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) 
is particularly important. In 1993 this agency was allocated 87 MECU, 15 per cent of all 
humanitarian contracts. The bulk of this amount was spent on humanitarian assistance to ex­
Yugoslavia during 1993. In 1994, the funds allocated to UNHCR amounted to 141 MECU, 
23.2 per cent of all humanitarian contracts, of which, 79.8 MECU directed to the victims of 
the Rwandan crisis (equivalent to 48 per cent of all UNHCR funds for the crisis). 
20 l 
Among other ac: carried ot. •Y fr UNHCR with Community funding one should 
mention assistanc. the victir: of conflicts in Sudan, Togo, Somalia, Angola, 
Azerbaijan, Ex-Yugoslavia, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Mauritania, Algeria and 
Russia. 
The Commission maintains an excellent relationship with UNHCR officials at all levels. This 
special relationship has been institutionalized in that the Commission and UNHCR have 
agreed to establish a Joint High-Level Group in order to coordinate UNHCR and EC actions 
and strategies (see 4:2. l ). 
The second most important partner within the UN agencies is the World Food Programme 
(WFP). The total amount routed through the WFP came to 43 MECU in 1994. This 
corresponds to 7.1 per cent of the total humanitarian contracts financed by the Commission 
in 1994. Commission operations (through ECHO) with the WFP have been used to finance 
emergency food aid operations, mainly for the RwandaniBurundi crisis, the former 
Yugoslavia, hut also in Angola, Sudan, Laos, Tajikistan and Ghana. 
A number of operational problems with WFP-executed actions have been discussed with WFP 
throughout 1994. The problems often concem delays in delivery of food in emergency 
situations and insufficient transparency with regard to WFP purchasing and delivery 
procedures. As a result some improvements have been made with regard· to WFP's reporting 
for certain types of operations and further improvements are expected in the funue. 
Following the comprom!se on the "audit clause" (see above), it is hoped that WFP will be in 
a position to sign the Framework Partnership Agreement in 1995. 
During 1993 and 1994, the World Health Organisation ('VBO), the United Nations 
Children and Education Fund (UNICEF) and United Nation~ Refugee Works Agency 
(UNRWA)·have signed contracts worth 9.2 MECU, 25 MECU and 6.5 MECU respectively 
for operations in the former Yugoslavia (WHO}, Liberia, Mozambique, Angola, Kenya, 
Sudan, Rwanda, Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan (UNICEF) and Palestine (UNWRA). A 
smaller contract has been signed with the Food and Agrk,dture Organisation of the United 
Nations (FAO) for combatting the effects of pests and locuts in Africa. 
The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) acting as the representative of WHO in 
the Americas has been financed by ECHO to carry out three projects (2.1 MECU) in Haiti 
and Latin America during 1994. 
21 I 
E 
tJ 
,-..J *** * •• * *M* Figure 4 
* * *** 
C H 0 
EC ·coNTRACTS WITH U.N. AGENCIES FOR HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE 
1990 -1991 -1992 -1993 -1994 
o 1990 
D 1991 
I 1992 
E!1 1993 
I 19.94 "' C 
0 = i 150 
amounts in ECU 
100 
50 
0 17 p 
WFP FAO 
2,955,000 0 
16,853,000 0 
35,831,586 0 
71,318,781 868,000 
43,220,716 0 WHO UNDRO UNHCR 
0 500,000 5,044,000 
0 0 22,640,500 
3,809,500 110,000 78,232,580 
9,250,000 87,955,354 
0 0 140,996,038 UNICEF UNDP I UNRWA I SP. UN op. 
1,687,000 300,000 I 770,000 ! 0 
5,547,000 198,000 I 0 I 1,286,000 
4,127,000 470,500 I 0 I 262,000 
13,631,598 j 6,000,000 I 700,000 
11,338,135 0 i 
----·----- 1_ 450,000 I 2,720,250 I ., 
I 
; 
: 
---1 
,-
4.2.5.2. Department of Humanitarian Affairs (D1. 
As a non-member of the United Nations (UN) the European Community only has the status 
of an observer in internal UN matters. Consequently, the Commission and ECHO have not 
taken part in the often intense debate among UN Member States on the performance an. 
future of the UN Department of Humanitarian Affairs. 
Having said this the Commission nevertheless has a strong interest in the success of DHA, 
given its coordinating role within the UN system and its function as an assembly point for 
humanitarian donors at large. 
As a result the Commission hopes that the re-organisation im Juced by the new Under­
Secretary General appointed in May 1994 will bear fruit. However, the existing decision­
making structure within the UN system and the limited funds available to the DHA to carry 
out its mandate are likely to remain limiting factors. 
Among the specific areas where ECHO has been in close contact with DHA during 1994, one 
can highlight: 
(1) the Escrow account (which continues in effect to double the financial 
possibilities of donor contributions by releasing frozen Iraqi funds in 
the US in accordance with UN Security Council Resolution 778); 
(2) exchange of humanitarian infonnation through the Financial Tracking 
System ( 14 points faxes) and IERRIS; 
(3) support of preparedness programmes under IDNDR (see section 4 
( 4) .. support of DHA's MCDA project; 
(5) Consolidated lnter-Agency Appeals. Although the Commission is not 
in a position to respond directly to global appeals, it nevertheless uses 
these appeals as a source for evaluating the extent of disasters. 
In addition to these specific areas, ECHO officials have maintained good relations with DHA 
officials in Geneva and New York at all levels throughout 1994. 
· 4.2.6 U nited States 
The United States initiative for the "Greater Horn of Africa" (including the Horn countries, 
Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya, Uganda and· Tanzania) was presented in June. Since the most 
important"aspect of the much publicised plan (drawn up for President Clinton by Mr Atwood) 
concerned rehabilitation and long-term preparedness against drought, as well as general 
development, the main thrust of the negotiations took place between USAID and DG VIII. 
The fäet that food security in many of the countries in question has greatly improved ( due to 
23 
good rains in 1994) has meant that ECHO has ~ot been required to take part in a special 
action for the countries covered by the American initiative. 
During the reporting year, the US Government has invited other ECHO staff Members to its 
Disaster Assistance Management training courses and a two-man senior mission visited the 
key humanitarian services within the US administration in the middle of November 1994. 
The status of the Commission's relations with Jhe US government within the field of 
humanitarian aid can be summarized as follows. 
( 1) Exchange of views. A body of general knowledge has been built up on 
both sides of the Atlantic concerning the humanitarian services 
operating in the Commission and Washington. Officials are often in 
contact about general matters (UN, WFP, exchange of information etc) 
as well as on operational matters in specific conflicts. In spite of the 
fäet that both the Commission and the US have their own political 
agendas and preferences (refer to the Greater Horn of Africa initiative 
above}, the two have nevertheless arrived at a situation where it has 
become part of the administrative culture to check with the other in 
most general or operational matters of importance. 
(2) Exchange of data. The exchange of data on past actions was initiated 
in early 1994 and will be further developed in 1995 when ECHO's new 
informatics systems are fully in place. This will give both parties 
access on real-time to information on all decisions taken within the 
field of short-term humanitarian aid. The US information will include 
Food for Peace Programmes and the Commission will send data about 
ECHO's programmes. In the next phase it is hoped to include data on 
food aid from DG VIII and refugee programmes from outside ECHO. 
The US will work towards including their refugee programmes and 
special humanitarian programmes for Central and Eastem Europe as 
well as NIS (State Department). It is also possible that both parties 
will agree in due course to exchange data on actions that are­
contemplated (after a request has been administratively approved but 
before a förmal decision is taken). 
(3) Joint Assessments and Evaluations. A further point where a potential 
cooperation is being developed concems assessments and evaluations 
before and during a crisis. Joint assessment missions would be a cost­
eff ective way to work together and would mutually benefit operational 
co-operation at a later stage of a given programme. 
4.3 Evaluation 
The evaluation work carried out by ECHO in 1994 centered around two main poles: 
evaluations of ECHO financed operations, their organisation and their follow-up and the 
24 l 
elaboration of a methodology of evaluation to ass• umanitarian aid operations. 
Between November '93 and November '94 a total ot JJ evaluations have been carried out the , 
majority of which have been of operations implemented by NGOs and UN-agencies: such as 
mcdical operations, food aid, rehabilitation, shelter, logistics and information operations. 
All the evaluations, except two, took place during on-going operations. The emergency 
situations involved were all manmade and were geographically situated, as follows: Europe 
(Ex-Yugoslavia, Albania)~ Ex-USSR (Russia, Georgia, Armenia, Azerbadjan, Tadjikistan, 
Kyrghyzstan), Middle East (Palestine, Iraq), Africa (Somalia, Kenya, Eritrea, Rwanda). 
ECHO not only evaluates humanitarian operations in the narrow sense. The instruments that 
support the Office in accomplishing its actions have also been or are in the process of being 
examined, such as the European Task Force situated in Zagreb and the functioning of the 
Framework Partnership Agreement. At present, the role of Member State NGOs in 
humanitarian aid operations is the subject of a survey as well as the pilot project of regional 
air flights in the Horn of Africa. 
Overall, the partners have reacted very positively to the evaluations. They consider them a 
demonstration of interest by ECHO of their work as well as of the wish of ECHO to improve 
continuously the performance of humanitarian operations. 
On the whole, the evaluations done so far have produced pos1t1ve assessments of the 
implementation of operations by partners. The improvements that could be made of different 
aspects of operations have been discussed in the spirit of partnership, the aim of ECHO being 
maximum possible efficiency in the use of credits for humanitaiian aid. 
Parallel to evaluation on the ground, the Office is developing its methodology of evaluation 
and definition of best use of evaluation results. A draft manual of evaluation is under 
discussion as a tool for evaluation tasks and as an aid to actors in humanitarian aid to exploit 
evaluation results. 
4.4 Disaster Preparedness 
Following consultation with other Commission services, the ECHO Disaster Preparedness 
Programtne was launched in 1994. Overall, the Programme has three main aims. First, to 
improve the impact of the Commission's relief effort. Second, to co-ordinate activities of the 
different Commission services in the field of di~aster preparedness. This is done through an 
inter-service group meeting on a bimonthly ba \nd finally, to help shape the direction of 
the European Union's pre~aredness policy. 
The disaster preparedness Action Plan reflec:.. the recommendai1 ,..1ns of the IDNDR 
(lntemational Decade ofNatural Disaster Reduction) Yokohama World Conference, in which 
ECHO led the Commiss1on delegation in May 1994. 
It focuses on three themes: 
(i) human resource development 
25 
(ii) management and institutional strengthening 
(iii) community-based, low-cost technology for disaster preparedness. 
These have been chosen for specific reasons. First, the effectiveness of external relief 
assistance largely depends on appropriate locally based disaster preparedness structures. 
Second, strengthening local capacities and self-reliance, along with international co-operation, 
are the most cost-effective and sustainable approaches to disaster management. 
In fulfilling its mandate, ECHO disaster preparedness measures involve both natural and man­
made disasters. 
Activities have so far ranged from supporting studies and workshops on preparedness, to the 
implementation of projects at national and international levels. Through several studies and 
workshops, the Programme has promoted the exploration of issues pertaining to disaster 
preparedness, the sharing of information, the development of common policies, and the co­
ordination of activities among organizations involved. ECHO is implementing 15 projects on 
national/regional levels in Africa, Asia, and Latin America, for an amount exceeding 2.2 
MECU. These range from Community managed flood credit funds in Bangladesh to eartquake 
preparedness in schools and hospitals in Central America, and training in drought resistant 
cultivation in Namibia. On a multilateral level, support is going to the UN-DHA (1 .1 :MECU) 
and the IDNDR-secretariat, for the development of effective disaster preparedness information 
systems, and the exploration of using military and civil defence assets in humanitarian 
operations (MCDA). 
For 1995, ECHO envisages an expansion of its operational presence at field-level through the 
establishment of six Focal Centres in disaster prone regions of the World. Currently, ECHO 
is establishing agreements with two such Centres based respectively in the Philippines and 
in the Russian Federation. 
In addition, given that over 90 per cent of ECHO humanitarian activities are in conflict zones, 
practical approach to preventive diplomacy is being developed. In collaboration with the 
European Parliament, support is being given to the creation of an "Humanitarian Observatory" 
which aims to monitor a set of specific indicators providing waming signals prior to the 
outbreak of a given crisis (see also 4.2.3). 
4.5 lnformatics 
The Humanitarian Office continues to be dependent on good informatics as the best means 
of provicling fast and reliable management information and administrative efficiency. 
The design of the Humanitarian Office Programming Environment (HOPE) is almost complete 
and several elements in the system are already developed and in use. Most elements in the 
system should become operational during 1995. This will give ECHO a coherent intemal 
management tool starting from requests, through financial management of contracts to 
· production of managemen·t information and statistics. The system will be linked to the overall 
accounting system of the Commission (SINCOM and F-13) as well as a number of modules 
26 l 
for special purposes (evalu. refugees etc). 
Externally ECHO has made : rts to integrate information on humanitarian aid from many 
sources (Member States (EU-15), the DHA Financial Tracking System -the so-called "I 4 
point fax system"(see 4.2.5.2) as well as the US Gov,-·1.ment which has been equally keen 
to ,·.Jtain global overviews of humanitarian aid flows ~e 4.2.6). In view of this it is hoped 
that 1995 will see more reliable reporting systems as a basis for global humanitarian statistics 
and for more efficient international cooperation in the field. 
5. FUTURE PLANS 
It is obviously very difficult to predict the exact location, character and magnitude of crises 
be they man-made or natural. This chapter will describe some of the "hot spots" which are 
likely to give rise to humanitarian aid next year and dwells on the more general strategic 
questions which the Commission and the intemational donor community must tackle in the 
future. 
5.1 Expected Future Emergencies 
ECHO is mandated to respond quickly and effectively to the numc.-0us crises that occur, 
continue, or re-occur in the world all the time, often withcut waming. This means that the 
Office is not in a position to programme its resourcr'~ f'<•r specific crises or regions at the 
beginning of each budget cycle. However, the Commi~~~on H making every effort to watch 
and analyse intemational events not only at Headquartl~:s ;,"'. Brussels h·1t in the field (EU 
Delegations and humanitarian coordinators). The main are~ ,tf concer; the beginning of 
1995 are bnefly outlined below. 
There is still hope that peace will come to the former Yugoslavia in 1995 so that humanitarian 
aid can gradually be replaced by rehabilitation efforts. 
In ACP countries present "hot spots", Rwanda and neighbouring countries harbouring 
R wandese refugees, Burundi, Somalia, Sudan, Liberia, and Angola will probably require a 
substantial amount of humanitarian aid in 1995. Present events in several other African 
countries, particularly Zaire, Nigeria, Togo, Chad, Mali and Algeria could also give rise to 
concern. 
In the W esteP hemisphere it is expected that Haiti, Cuba and other Central American 
countries will need further humanitarian · .'. in 1995 as the rehabilitation .programmes get 
underway. 
The Commission expects that it will have to stand by to providc more humanitarian assistance 
to the Ex-Soviet Republics in the Caucasus and Central Asia and to be ready for assistance 
to the victims of the conflict in Tchechnya. 
27 
In Asia it is expected that Northern Iraq will still be a source of humanitarian relief. Unlike 
the situation in Cambodia the massive refugee problems in Afghanistan show no signs of 
improvement. The situation in Burma is also being watched carefuily. 
5.2 Strategic Considerations 
The Commission, after an initial period where priorities centered around improving and 
consolidating administrative and operational efficiency of its humanitarian aid, should now 
devote more effort to a 'pro-active' and preventive role (be it in preparedness, prevention, 
rehabilitation etc). ECHO has now achieved a large part of its operational goals (as outlined 
in its mandatet increasing external pressures are appearing on the horizon: 
The post-cold war 'international order' has still not found its feet. One result is that 
international crises are still increasing in multitude and magnitude and.will continue to do so 
if preventive action is not taken. · During the past four years the Community has increased 
humanitarian aid more than seven-fold. Although it has increased operations massively, the 
Community has nonetheless succeeded in providing timely and efficient delivery of 
humanitarian aid. 
The relative lack of progress within the intemational donor community and the UN (including 
DHA) in advancing the 'pro-active' aspects of humanitarian actions will put more pressure on 
major humanitarian players such as the Commission, EU Member States and the US 
Government to find successful mechanisms at the intemational level. The most obvious way 
of starting this process would be through better exchange of information (using the latest 
technological advances), joint assessment of crises, and joint participation in preventive 
measures (early warning, preparedness, advocacy etc). In the longer term effective prevention 
depends on concerted national and intemational action between the "predictors" (researchers, 
the press, intelligence communities), the . policy-makers, the military and the 
relief/development actors. It is important to note that this wider concept of prevention also 
includes very close links from the outset between relief and long-term development since 
eff ective rehabilitation and development is the best way to saf eguard against future disasters. 
At Community level the preventive strategy first of all requires that all aspects of the 
'humanitarian continuum' are considered (i.e. prevention, preparedness and if necessary relief 
and rehabilitation and their links with long-term development) and become a natura! part of 
all foreign policy initiatives when dealing with disaster-prone regions of the world. It is also 
obvious that preventive strategies should include ·carefully designed efforts to protect victims 
of conflicts and develop anticipated action through access to key decision makers. 
Finally, it is imP.ortant to provide more political visibility for the activities of the European 
Union in this field. _ ,Jhis is not meant to provide an alibi for political inaction, nor a self­
congratulatory rethoric. Visibility of the aid is important because it has to do with 
accountability vis-a-vis European citizens, who are also tax-payers. They must consciously 
be part of this effort of solidarity but they would certainly like to see that they get (in terms 
of efficiency) value for money. This is the only way to prevent further spreading of what 
people call the "donor's fatigue". 
28 ' 
STATISTICAL 
ANNEXES 
29 
ANNEX 1 
NG0s and Humanitarian_Organizations who have signed the Framework Partnenhip 
Contract 
GERMANY 
DEUTSCHES ROTES KREUZ 
DEUTSCHER CARIT ASVERBAND (as of 31.12.94) 
BY COUNTRY 
DIAKONISCHES WERK of the Evangelical Churches in Germany 
DEUTSCHE WELTHUNGHERHILFE (GERMAN AGROACTION) 
JOHANNITER-UNF ALL-HILFE (INTERNATIONAL SERVICES) 
HELP 
MAL TESER HILFSDIENST E.V. (M.H.D.) 
ACTION 'MEDEOR 
DÄZ (DEUTSCHE ARZTEGELEINSCHAFT FOR 
MEDIZINISCHE ZUSAMMENARBEIT) 
HILFE FOR KINDER IN NOT E.V. 
(CHILDREN'S RELIEF) 
ARBEITER-SAMARITER-BUND DEl.ITSCHLAND E.V. 
CARE DEUTSCHLAND 
ADRA 
AUSTRÅLIA 
CARE AUSTRALIA 
AUSTRIA 
CARIT AS AUTRICHE 
MAL TESER HOSPITAL DIENST-AUSTRIA (M.H.D. A) 
OSTERREICHISCHES HILFSWERK 
BELGIUM 
CROIX ROUGE DE BELGIQUE 
SECOURS INTERNATIONAL DE CARITAS CATHOLICA BELGICA 
1 CCP 0001 
CCP 0007 
CCP 0019 
CCP 0042 
CCP 0046 
CCP 0053 
CCP 0065 
CCP 0080 
CCP 008S 
CCP 0098· 
CCP 0101 
CCP 105 
CCP 106 
CCP 0094 
CCP 0049 
CCP 006S 
CCP 0079 
CCP 0001 
CCP 0012 l 
' 
MEDECINS SANS FRONTIERES/ARTSEN ZONDER GkENZEN 
CARE INTERNA TIONAL 
HANDICAP INTER}' 
OXF AM BELG IQl 
!EDER VOOR ALLEN 'NAL (B) 
HÖPIT AL SANS FONTIERE (B) 
MEDICUS MUNDI INTERNATIONAL 
MEDICUS MUNDI BELGIUM 
MEMISA BELOIUM 
SOLIDARITE LIBERALE INTERNATIONALE 
CAUSES COMMUNES 
DENMARK 
DANSK RODE KORS 
CARIT AS DANMARK. 
FOLKEKIRKENS N0DHJJELP/DANCHURCHAID 
RED BARNET 
DANISH REFUGEE COUNCIL 
Ml~JION EAST 
SPAIN 
CRUZ ROJA ESPANOLA 
CARITAS ESP~OLA 
MEDICOS SIN FRONTERAS 
SOLIDARIDAD INTERNACIONAL 
(FUNDACI6N ESP~OLA PARA LA COOPERACI6N) 
MEDICOS DEL MUNDO 
MOVIMIENTO POR LA PAZ. EL DESARME YLA LIBERTAD 
ASOCIACI6N NAV ARRA "NUEVO FUTURO• 
A C.S.U.R. ASOCIACIÖN PARA LA COOPERACIÖN 
CON EL SUR LAS SEGOVIAS 
2 CCP 0013 
CCP 0014 
CCP 0030 
CCP 0043 
CCP 0056 
CCP 0068 
CCP 0080 
CCP 0080 
CCP 0080 
CCP 0099 
CCP 107 
CCP 0001 
CCP 0008 
CCP 0020 
CCP 0004 
CCP 0041 
CCP 0060 
CCP 0001 
CCP 0005 
CCP 0013 
CCP 0040 
CCP 0044 
CCP 0050 
CCP 0054 
· CCP 0057 
1/ 
INTERMON 
NOUS CAMINS 
MEDICUS MUNDI ESPANA 
FUNDACION ENGELMAJER 
F ARMACEUTICOS SIN FRONTERAS 
UNITED STATFS 
INTERNATIONAL ORTHODOX CHRISTIAN CHARITIES 
CATHOLIC RELIEF SERVICES 
INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL CORPS 
WORLD CONCERN DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION 
FRANCE 
CROIX ROUGE FRANCAISE 
SECOURS CATHOLIQUE 
MEDECINS SANS FRONTIERES 
ACTION INTERNATIONALE CONTRE LA FAIM 
HANDICAP INTERNATIONAL (F) 
ACTION NORD SUD 
MEDECINS DU MONDE 
EQUILIBRE 
PREMIERE URGENCE 
PHARMACIENS SANS FRONTIERES 
FRANCE -LIBERTES (FONDATION DANIELLE MITTBRRAND) 
OEUVRES HOSPIT ALIERS FRANCAISES DE 
L'ORDRE DE MALTE (0.H.F.0.M.) 
HÖPIT AL SANS FRONTIERE (F) 
SECOURS POPULAIRE FRANCAIS 
MEDICUS MUNDI FRANCE 
INfERAIDE 
INJTIATVE DEVELOPPEMENT CCP 0063 
CCP 0077 
CCP 0080 
CCP 0103 
CCP 0055 
CCP 0074 
CCP 0082 
CCP 0090 
CCP 0001 
CCP 0006 
CCP 0013 
CCP 0026 
CCP 0029 
CCP 0031 
CCP 0032 
CCP 0033 
CCP 0034 
CCP 0039 
CCP 0058 
CCP 006S 
CCP 0068 
CCP 0071 
CCP 0080 
CCP 0087 
CCP 0087 l 
ESSOR 
EUROPACT 
INTERVENIR 
SOLIDARITES 
ENF ANTS DU MONDE/DROITS DE L 'HOlvlME 
COMITE D'AIDE MEDICALE ET DE 
PARRAINAGE SANS FRONTIERES 
', 
AIDE MEDICALE INTERNATIONALE 
SOLIDARITE PROTESTANTE FRANCE ARMENIE 
ASSOCIATION POUR L'ACTION HUMANITAIRE 
GREECE 
CROIX ROUGE HELLENIQUE 
GREEK CO~IITTEE FOR INTERNATIONAL 
DEMOCRATIC SOLIDARITY 
MEDECINS DU MONDE 
K.E.S.S.A.P. DIMITRA 
INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL INTERNATIONAL AFF AIRS 
HELLENIC INSTITUTE OF SOLIDARITY AND COOPERATION 
WITH DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 
IREIAND 
IRISH RED CROSS SOCIETY 
GOAL. 
CONCERN IRELAND 
TROCAIRE 
ITALY 
CROCE ROSSA IT ALIANA 
CARIT AS IT ALIANA 
ASSOCJAZIONE INTERl-.iAZIONALE VOLONTARI LAICI 
COMIT ATO INTERNAZIONALE PER LO SVILUPPO DEi POPOLI (CISP) 
4 CCP 0087 
CCP 0087 
CCP 009S 
CCP 0096 
CCP 0100 
CCP 0104 
CCP 108 
CCP 112 
CCP 114 
CCP 0001 
CCP 0072 
CCP 0081 
CCP 110 
CCP 111 
CCP 120 
CCP 0001 
CCP 0024 
CCP 0038 
CCP 0067 
CCP 0001 
CCP 0010 
CCP 0027 
CCP 0028 
CENTRO INTERNAZIONALE DE COOPERAZIONE ALLO SVILUPPO (CICS) CCP 0036 
CENTRO REGIONALE D'INTERVENTO PER LA COOPERAZIONE CCP 0037 
COOPERAZIONE INTERNAZIONALE CCP 0061 
GRUPPO VOLONTARIATO CIVILE CCP 0062 
COMITATO Dl COORDINAMENTO DELLE ORGANIZZAZIONI 
PER IL SERVIZIO VOLONTARIO (C.O.S.V.) CCP 0075 
MEDICUS MUNDI IT ALIA CCP 0080 
COMIT ATO COLLABORAZIONE MEDICA (CCM) CCP 0084 
INSTITIITO COOPERAZIONE UNIVERSITARIA (I.C.U.) CCP 0088 
COMITATO EUROPEO FORMAZIONE AGRARIA (C.E.F.A.) CCP 0089· 
ASSOCIAZIONE VOLONT ARI PER IL SERVIZIO INTERNAZIONALE (A VSI) CCP 0092 . 
INTERSOS 
(ASSOCIAZIONE UMANITARIA PER L'EMERGENZA) CCP 0102 
INSTITUTO SINDICALE PER LA COOPERAZIONE 
ALLO SVILUPPO (ISCOS) CCP 109 
ASSOCIAZIONE IT ALIANA PER LA 
SOLIDARIETA TRA I POPOLI (AISPO) CCP 116 
SOLIDARIET A CON IL TERZO MONDO (STM) CCP 117 
ARCS ARCI CUL TURA E SVILUPPO CCP 118 
MOVIMENTO LIBERAZIONE E SVILUPPO (MOLISV) CCP 119 
LUXEMBURG 
CROIX ROUGE LUXEMBOURGEOISE 
MEDECINS SANS FRONTIERES 
CARIT AS LUXEMBOURG 
HÖPIT AL SANS FRONTIERE 
NORWAY 
KIRKENS N0DHJELP. Norway 
NOR WEGIAN PEOPLE'S AID 
5 CCP 0001 
CCP 0013 
CCP 0048 
CCP 0068 
CCP 0021 
CCP 0091 
NETIIERI.ANDS 
HET NEDERLANDSE RODE KRUIS 
CARIT AS NEERLANDIC/ 
MEDECINS SANS FRONT~. jARTSEN) .. ONDER GRENZEN 
STICHTING OECUMENISCHE HULP (Dutcb lnterchw-ch Aid) 
MEMISA MEDICUS MUNDI NEDERLAND 
PORTIJGAL 
CRUZ VERMELHA PORTUGUESA 
AMI -Funda9lo Assist!ncia- Medica Intemacional 
OIKOS Coopera9ao et desenvolvimento 
C.I.C. Associac;io para a Cooperac;lo, Intercambio e Cultura 
UNIAO DES CIDADES CAPIT AIS LUSO-AFRO-AMERICO-ASIA TJCAS 
(U.C.C.L.A.) 
ASSOCIACAO DE BENEFICENCIA LUSO-ALEMA 
UNITED KINGDOM 
BRITISH RED CROSS SOCIETY 
SA VE THE CHILDREN FUND 
CA THOLIC FUND FOR OVERSEAS DEVELOPMENT 
CARE BRIT AIN 
CHRISTIAN AID 
FEED THE CHILDr :-N 
OXFAMUK 
HELPAGE INTERNATIONAL 
TEAR FUND 
MEDICAL AID FOR P ALESTINIANS 
MERLIN 
CONCERN UNIVERSAL 
WOMENAID INTERNA~ :ONAL 
SCOTTISH EUROPEAN AID 
6 CCP 0001 
CCP 0011 
CCP 0013 
CCP 0022 
CCP 0080 
CCP 0001 
CCP 0016 
CCP 0035 
CCP 0066 
CCP 00 76 
CCP 113 
CCP 0001 
CCP 0003 
CCP 0009 
CCP 0015 
CCP 0017 
CCP 0025 
CCP 0052 
CCP 0059 
CCP 0069 
CCP 0070 
CCP 0083 
CCP. 0086 
CCP 0093 
CCP 0097 
)) 
SWEDEN 
DIAKONIA 
SWITLERLAND 
MEDECINS SANS FRONTIERES 
LUTHERAN WORLD FEDERATION 
HEKS (SWISS INTERCHURCH AID) 
CARIT AS SUISSE 
TERRE DES HOMMES 
MEDICUS MUNDI SCHWEIZ 
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND UN AGENCIES 
INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OFRED CROSS AND 
RED CRESCENT SOCIETIES (l.F.R.C.) 
INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS (l.C.R.C.) 
UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES (U.N.H.C.R.) 
ORDRE SOUVERAIN ET MILITAIRE DE ST.JEAN DE JERUSALEM. 
RHODES ET DE MALTE 
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION (1.0.M.) 
PAN AMERICAN WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (P.A.H.0.) 
7 CCP 0018 
CCP 0013 
CCP 0023 
CCP 004S 
CCP 0047 
CCP 0051 
CCP 0080 
CCP 0001 
CCP 0002 
CCP 0064 
CCP 006S 
CCP 0073 
CCP 0078 l 
' ..... L ' •· 
• 
fORTH AFRICA 
GEAIA 
~AMERICA 
,BRAZIL 
~~ 
~~ 
~~ 
jNICARAGUA 
~I.A 
! 
'General SIUdin 
I RANDTOTAL 
,oon,orr ·••alMCIMIM-·......,.-· .... .,..,.,,, ................... ~·-·~JMANIT ARIAN AID BY r-·-
SH,Ol.i.-,H 
n,11s.oool 
1 . ' 
1' 
4,00., :w 
515,000 
350,000 
1,000,000 
1500,000 
300,000 
1,000,000 
2,000,000 
2.400.000 
e.1110,000 
3,000,000 
180,000 
11,000,000 
1,000,000 
1,850,000 
12,298,000 
10,400,000 
2,000,000 
500,000 
1,000,000 
7,900,000 
12,000 
11.211.000 
10,395,000 
12.240.000 
800,000 
11,770,000 
3,900,000 
4,490,000 
7,900.000 
400,000 
IOl.000 
4!8,000 
350,000 
Z1,IOO,DOO 
u.m.ooo 
2,7!50,000 
1,715.000 
1120,000 
230,000 
1,I00,000 
1,120,000 
1.100,000 
10,400JIOO 
430,000 
150,000 
110,000 
75,000 
1,221.000 
1,225,000 
12.Ml,000 
445,000 
470,000 
470,000 
500,000 
7,805,000 
350,000 
250.000 
595,000 
700,000 
510,000 
150,000 
500,000 
10411 111 .ir of CONTRACTS 
Sl1 
212 
3 
28 
31 
3 
1 
10 
2 
2 
2 
3 
1 
1 
10 
11 
29 
8 
1 
27 
2 
8 
47 
211 
3 
1 
3 
20 
1 
110 
s 
2 
1 
41 
.., 
5 
4 
4 
1 
I 
4 
5 
10 
2 
2 
1 
1 
I 
5 
S4 
3 
3 
1 
1 
13 
2 
1 
" 2 
3 
1 
112 NORTH AFRICA 
GERIA ,~::. i;_;AMERICA 
~EKA 
~u:i.vADOR 
!GUACTEMAI.A 
ICARAGUA 
RU 
, Studies 
'Oilaster Prepa,9dnell ANNEX 2 
')N IN 1993 AND 1994 
DECISION IN ECU 
219,371,000 
3Z4,10l,HZ 
13,500,000 
168,500.000 
24,000,000 
21,000,000 
355,000 
1,000,000 
60,000 
1,000,000 
300,000 
100,000 
1e.010,ooo 
1,204,163 
7,.C73,550 
1,170,000 
300,000 
400,000 
500,000 
1,180,000 
70,000 
340.250 
123,440 
15,500.000 
2.773.200 
8,338,359 
125,000 
215.507.000 
1.810,000 
.. 7.000 
200,000 
500,000 
7,320,000 
11,010.000 
18,589,000 
17,000,000 
2.eeo.000 
1,500,000 
2,100,000 
17,306,000 
8,250,000 
2,500,000 
1,350,000 
9,470,000 
9,825,000 
2..ceo.000 
2,171,000 
1,875,000 
1,004,000 
22,111,000 
21,121,000 
12,315,000 
500,000 
2,238,000 
1,500.000 
1,000,000 
240,000 
4,700,000 
200,000 
550,000 
815,000 
750,000 
1,220.000 
3,111,000 
2.935,000 
130.000 
21,IOl,IOO 
1,115,000 
800,000 
700,000 
1.C,054,500 
~.000 
830,000 
1,050,000 
500,000 
2.320.000 
100,D00 
3,411,H2 
1 111424 ... _...___,,_,.,. 
Nr ot CONlRACTS 
349 
337 
20 
34 
46 
28 
2 
3 
1 
2 
1 
1 .. 
3 
17 
5 
1 
3 
1 
4 
1 
1 
17 .. 
30 
1 
49 
3 
2 
1 
1 
11 
111 
38 
33 
3 
1 
2 
39 
11 
1 
4 
12 
13 
3 
I 
8 
2 
21 
Il 
28 
3 
3 
2 
7 
1 
3 
2 
2 
4 
7 
' 3 
a 
3 
2 
3 
21 
2 
2 
2 
1 
7 
1 
17 
1010 
111 ANNEX 3 
~------=--·-
OVERVIEW OF FINANCIAL DECISIONS FOR EC HUMANITARIAN AID BY SOURCE OF FINANCE 1990-1994 
Source of 
11nanc1 I 
Budget Lina 
LOME 111 
LOME IV 
FEOGA 
B7-5000 
B7-510 
B7-511 
87-514 
87-515 
B7-516 
e?-517 
e?-6000 IWU 
TOTAL 
FOOTHOTES: Oucrlptlon 
UIINl,..TOC&laaOl'II 
,.._.,.MTOIX~lllll 
Dl &DIUL .... ICllll•NV,COlafflllll 
t 1/ ~TIOMIU. l#OICATNf. MOONllalll l'fJlt IONU.-
/ZJ 5-YENI ALLOCATIOIII (fff1.fS, lllilOElt lOIW N IS JJD,OOI>.- lCIJ 
iJ/ DCCIOfD ON A CASl-11'1-CASE 1111IS 1990 11191 
·ut:1.ISluN:::. u11:.1.ISIONS 
(an ECU) (111 ECU) 
--
41,620,000 -42.445,000 
-13,500,0(l() 
--
72,735,000 139,375,000 
--
--
--
--
--•·· ---
- -
--
,,, 355,000 115 320,000 1992 1 I I 3 
DECISIONS u1:1.l:::,1uN:::, CONT1UCTS l'AYNENT'S 
(111 ECU) (in ECU) (an ECU) (in ECU) 
40,000,000 6,500,000 6,288,092 4,823,639 
-1,296,000 1,290,400 1,011,383 
31,675,000 82,185,000 78,584,593 62,761,422 
n.500,ooo ---
154,867,297 ---
-70,033,195 69,212,357 58,528,378 
·-17,,25,000 17,330,990 15,389,676 
-385,000,000 314,150,908 352,356,433 
-30,000,000 28,790,!157 27.756,342 
-a,113:000 8,669,656 7,411,273 --
-3,882,000 3,627,615 3,103,342 
69,000,000 ---
311042,217 IO,C .,. ,11 11715' 111 533141111 
Financial Decisions for EC Humanitarian Aid 1990-1994 
1000 D PAYMENTS 
ml CONTRACTS 
• DECISIONS 
800 
s-
0 w 
;§. 600 
f/) z 
0 ::::; -' :i 400 
200 
0 
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1 t I 4 
C:CltffllAcn PA.,..lffl 
(in ECU) (m ECU) C-ECU) 
263,268,603 212.183,809 138.714,1715 
109,522,247 ' 72.390;7°-1 • 32.143,095 
3,998,574 ' <i99åj• :;:/1.~;000 
20.000,001) n•:cwfri, .;i,~1:n~:~~ 
r 
r__ -
r --. 
L_ 
,.J 
--< -ANNEX4 
-..-.-cMIKDIW 
Summary of Financial Decisions by Countries Benefitting from Humanitarian Aid 1992-94 
l'-OMEJY I 1fl2 1MS 11N 
DECISIOMI OlCIIIONa OlCIIIONI 
lålECUJ , .. 1cu1 .._ECU, 
l'Jlt!CA ____ 
I 000000 1-000 ~-.;;;..~ ll'IIIDOOO IJ-miiOOO 
UIIIC4 e..-& "-It~ ISI.OOOOOÖ . ....,.. .. •7'11111000 '~~ 11,000,000 
IIENIN 1.000.000 
IIURIIINÅFASO soo~- ......... 4111_!!,DOI 1iiiiift 000 -_,..m ,is.ooo >» 000 
IEltlTIIEA 1.000000 
IE~-) 600000 )~000 60000 
rlOJI I 000000 
.=...-...... sooooo I 000000 .,..-..u 1000000 300000 
iauiNIENIAU ,00000 100000 
HNTI UllllOOO 2.000000 I 010000 -A 7150.000 1.-.-i.,.,.,e 
~.'!'A UIIIIIOOO •-ooo 7C7U50 ~ 11111.000 ~ cooooo ~ 
~~ 1000..111111 ---,00__.!!!!! ~ J.000000 ) 111111000 · ••-- ---- IIOOOO ---70000 
--11111 ,. ..... r----~-~--l2> 440 
2100000 9000000 l5CllftOOO 
l,!!._IIOO 
SIEltAAl.tONE 1uo- 277) ....... 
sTLIQ\ •~I!!!! iuoAN 4000.000 9.l00.000 II.JCl7 000 
i'NåNM "i.:oooliM 1110000 
i=--· .. 1-
,00.000 :::1 I 000.000 -,:rooo I 
WESTt RN SAll0A '.i(ll•L~ I 
V'ii .. --7.320 0001 ,,-'-liliE-
~-~ -.-
-----· -----4------+-----+------t 
Touis: >1,61',0DO n,1a,,ooo 26J,2A,60) E 
t. IOIWJE 
I I 
Toillla: 1fl2 
OlC1110N1 
(wlECU) 
40000000 
. -~-=-===:±--=-
411,000,000 
Gnndtolal1H2: I 
Orand total 111,: I 
".lrand total 1 lt4 : ( 1M3 !BUDGET 
DECISIONI 
(ilECUJ 
_ 7,796.IIOII _,,_, ..... ........... 
~GIIIIA 
.....--.DIA 
/IRUE-
IUS11AMU&N ---SH . --
-""" 
I '711. 
l GI\IIIA n...,... .,.,._ 
..... .,._....ua 
-E ...__ 
..... 
c;UAOOlt 
GYPT 
l-.VAOOOI 
.IJSSII 
-'IOIIGOSUI-
OltGIA 
'"'lEMAI.A 
m ...,, ... , --_,.,....SIA 
•w 
IN 
GKYSTN4 
"' TNAMUIICA ...... 
,,, .. o -11n<JU,\ 
___,,_IA 
--M. 
..,. ..... .,. .. I& 
~AN 
ALEITINEJISIIAEL 
AAAGU.t.'1' 
'f.RU --· UMAHIA ·-~-
WNMJA 
,,.._.,IA ,...,_ 
U0AH 
IIOJIIOST~ 
Ulll<E'I' 
IQWNE 
nr.11&'1'-MGENTNA 
NUUEI.A 
n,,,au 
MEN -.,__,,,, ,.___.._ ·--, __ 
-,...,. ~C-.&Eoot-
7,796,000 Total: 
l6U42ffll ECU 
604,11411931 ECU 
764,16',4241 ECU I ---·--
1n2 1fl3 1994 
·:1S10MS DECIIIDtea OECIIIONI 
,r.ECUI (lftECU) P,.ECU) 
2 000000 l 7,0-000 1ui,ooo 
2000000 4S6.000 u1,ooo 
1..225000 2.IJS 000 
I 000000 1..000000 
Il ~ffOOO 
17 000000 
2.000000 500 000 
2-660000 .. ,.ooo I IIS 000 
470 000 600000 
I 0CM 000 
S 000 000 
I 715 000 2..l.36 000 
I <MOOO 
500000 
470000 700 000 
250.000 7.IOS 000 14..0SC ~ 
),0 000 
~-000 6)0.000 
200000 )40,000 
3,SSO 000 51 '.1fl 000 
277 067.297 )9'.0'4119' 2'9~ 'riöiiii 
17 ""'000 
2'°.000 1)0.000 
17 000 000 
595 000 
920 000 
2'0 000 
S 000 000 21 ,po....__ooo 22 • ., 000 
2)0 000 
l -:--;~ 
SOO 000 
1100"'' 
2~,, .. t., 
I 120000 1000·000 
1.350 000 
1100000 
~000 700000 ,00000 
2,0.0UO •>o ooo 200 000 
50.000 10.400000 4 700 000 
:z,o 000 
SI0OOO 2 )10 000 
500 000 5,0 000 
)50000 
9 ,10 000 
l 000 000 
4 500.000 l.33U'9 
150000 615 000 
I 100 000 1000000 
9 lll 000 
.500000 
1'60000 
400000 
ISO 000 
110000 7,0000 
600000 75.000 1.220 000 
1.300-000 
12 000 
500.000 100000 
, .. 1962 
l 100000 
12.000 000 
'-~000 
'.296,)67,297 51•,l»,19S SCI0,900,121 , 
'. 
' .. •*• .'.·*M* 1'. * ~. ... * 
·~. . ,9t •'l-
04/01115 
·,etailed Breakdown of Financial Decisions by Countries Benefitting from Humanitarian Assistance 1992-94 
,JU 
',n ruof 
anc, I 
::ud get llne 
E fV LOM 
Artl cl1214 Country 
AFRICA 
~GOLA 
BENIN 
BURUNDI 
BURKINA FASSO 
DJIBOUTI 
ERITREA 
ETHIOPIA 
FIDJI 
GHANA 
UUINU 
GUINEA BIHAU 
'HAITI 
KENYA 
I 1 t t 2 
DECISIONS lln ECm 
typ, 
d1t1 1mount total 
Loc:ust Westatlon 
~Refugeea 
Burundi & Rwandan Refugees 
Bulvldi & Rwandan Relugees & displaced pc 10. 
816\J!'ldi & Rwandan Refugees & displa'ced oc o. 
Bl6\Jl'ldi & Rwandan Relugees & displac:ecl oc o. 
Refugees & diaplaced in Central & E11t AAicl 
Repatriation cA population 31/01/92 2,500,000 
Me11le1 epidemic 25/03192 2,000,000 
Rep11rialion af population 22/09/92 2,000,000 
lnternal conflic:t 12/11/92 1,000,000 
lntemal canflict clroughl 
lntemal conflict droughl 
lntem1l conflic:t droughl 
lntem1I conflict clroughl 
Armed confliel 
Conflid 
connid 
7,500,000 
T ogoleae refugNS 
Oisplaced population 
Displac:ed populllion 
Displaced population 
Diaplaced population 
Oiaplaeed population 
Displaced population & Relugees 
Burundi repalriatH & Rwandan Refugeet 
[Touarega rwrug111t1 
Cholere epidemic 
Cholere epidemic 
Floods I 
Repelriation or mugees 
Oisp\aced population 11101192 1,000000 
Conftid 21/05112 1,000 000 
Oroughl in Eritrea 2110t112 750,000 
Oroughl 01/10/92 850000 
Oisplaced population 
Polilicalevents 
3,100,000 
Cyclone l<inl 
Togole .. nHUgNI 
Dilplaced population 
'Liberian & ~ Leone,-rugNI 
Cholereepidlmic 
ISenegeleM ren,gen 
Cholera epidemic 
1:ventl 2Qt01/t2 1.uuu.uuu 
Eventa 
Eventa 
Events 
1,uuo,000 
50fflalian refugees 01/03/12: 650,000 1·---·-09/0l/92 3,000,000 
. Drought 08/1111121 3.IHI0.000 
Disptaced population 
Diaplaced population 
Displeced population 
Sorn1l•n refugees 
Somalien refugeea 
Oisplaced population 
lntemal conflid I 
1 I 9 1 I 9 3 1 I 9 4 
r>ECISIONS fin ECU\ ni:rIs10N!li fin IEcm 
dalt 1mount 10111 date amounl total 
10I03J'3 1000000 .... 
21/12/13 18,300,000 16103194 13.500,000 
21106194 11,000,000 
20/07194 12.000000 
27/07194 111,000,000 
20.'12194 AS,000,000 
30112194 1.000.000 
111,300,000 115,500,000 
29/01/93 1,000,000 
11/02/13 1000000 
;JUIU3/13 1,000,000 
23'07/93 1,000,000 
14110/93 1,000,000 
22/11/13 1,000.000 
04/02194 11000,000 
1,000,000 11,DUV,UOCJ 
22/03/13 1,000 000 
1,000,000 
21111/93 1,000,000 
21111/13 1.DU0.000 
21111/13 1000,000 
22/12/93 1000000 
03/ll2J94 ,.ooo.uuu 
2rJIWN4 14,000000 11~ 1.000,000 
4,000,uuu ,.,uuu,uuv 
14/07/13 OUO,UUUI 
500,000 
24/01/93 100000 
17/11/93 415.000 
I 01/12114 355,000 
115,000 .... ,ooo 
I 1- ,.ooo.aaa1 
1,UOU,000 
14112/93 350,000 
1;s/04/M ao,ooo 
350,000 90,000 
1Mt1113 1,000000 
,,uuu.uuu 
2111)2/13 DUV.UUUI 
11/04J94 1.000,000 
DUV,000 1,IIVD,IIIIUV 
1:11DJll3 1.000.000, 
1111lll',_ ;aua.uuu 
1,uoo,uuu ;auu,uuu 
14/0lll3 ..IUU.UUU 
03111/M 100,000 
I 300,uuu 10U,OOO 
22/01113 1000.uuu 
14110/93 1000,000 
22103194 110,UUO 
17,'03194 '50000 
2,000,000 1,010,UUV 
I I i 
! I 
i I i 21/0l/93 ,00,000° 
131/01/93, 100,000 
2Qt10l93 400,000 I 
11112.193 1.00ll.000 104/07/94; 581,113 
L,!2/07/94: 215,oööl 
I ,07/09194 ,00,000~ ------l 
I. 
r 
r 
L 
-...... 
~'f"* •• * 
-~ *~* . .,., * * ~\ ... ANN~5 
IMI0119S 
Detailed Breakdown of Fi. .-al Decisions by Countries Benefitting from Humanitarian Assistance 1992-94 
1 I I 2 1 I I l 1 I 9 4 
urce of DECISIONS fin ECU1 ns:r.1"=1nM"= lin ECUI DECISIONS lin ECUI 
nanc1 I Country lypl 
dget lin• dit• amount total date amount total dit• amounl total 
7,150,000 2,400,000 1,20.,163 
LIBERIA Conlliå 13111112 1,000,000 31/03/tS 500,000 
Refugen & D~ population 22/07193 1,000,000 
Connic:t 23l01/tS 725,000 
Conniå 23l07/IS 715,000 
Conflid 21117/13 1,000,000 
Conflict 27/0lft) 1,000 000 
Conflict 27/08/i}. 1000000 
Conflid 22/10/IS 1,000000 
Conflk::I 22/11/tS 1,000,000 17102194 199,500 
Conflid 21/12/13 1,000,000 2810- 995,050 
Confliå 03"03194 1000,000 
Connid 15/03/94 990,000 
Connid 29103194 120.000 
Conflict -; 25104194 236,000 
Conflid 7 25/05/94 133,000 
Conflid 12/01194 1000000 
Cholera epldemlc :1 ;.:1.#Ur/94 200,000 
Conflid 14/09194 100,000 
Connid j_ ____ . 10,111194 I00,000 ,,.,.. 0 a,no,ooo 7,473,&50 
MADAGASCAR floodl I I 03103194 170,0001 
floodl 1002194 500,000 
1,170,000 
MALAWI Orought 28/0fl'll. 400000 12/07194 300000 
.U0,000 300,000 
.. 
MAURITANIA Touang refugeel 30103192 1,000,000 
Touang refugeel 
~ -,"]öö, 241U21»4 400,000 
400,000 
MAYOnE Earthquake -·--··--i·-- ---01103194 DDU.QOO 
i 500,000 
MOZAMBIQUE Interna! c:onflid arougnt 01/10192 I 2,000,000 . --····1-----
Orought & repatr. of refugees rf·•~MJ~ 3,000,000 
Dilplaced population I t=-·-- 2-, 160,000 
Cyclon 
Z,000,ÖÖÖ --09I06l94 320,000 
3,000,000 1,160,000 
NAMIDn: Dr0ugN I .,,1U51'51'~1 160.uuu 
180,000 
... 
NIGER Touweg1 Refugee1 15112194 70,000 
70,000 
NIGffllA UltplllCeG populalian 1,~, 340260 
340,250 
-· PAPOUASIE Oilplaced poputalion -·· 20/07194 123'40! 
(Nlle GUINtE) ! 123,'40 
·-·---RWANDA "°'1IIIC:I 01/U41'12 1.oö~---~-Dilplaced populatian Lrll'l1192 100:, r-·-- Dilplaced popul8llon 1Clf1;mu 1.IIUD,DIXI 
Diaplaced population -r(l·Jn1 1,000.000 
, ""'9CI conllk:I --,oitWn 3.IJIJIJ.IJIJIJ 
. ·llplaced population !2'\;';:-AI 1000000 e--· · Bunnl rwfugNI •:ti,~~ 1.IJUI .IIUIJ ---Bulnflnifugeea ,a1r1un1.1 1 IIDI 000 
Bunnll ..... 1W11193 1 UUI 000 
Bunnll ,.... 12111193 111111 000 
Canfllct --· - ~ ,_uuo 
Conflid & Oroughl 12104194 1 000 
Dlaplacad & fWugNs - = ~ ~ Canfllct 
Conflid -· 17/1DIIM Il 000 
2,70 •. ,JO 1,000,000 11,ouu,vuu 
,SENEGAL Dilplacad population I I 
! Oisplac:ed population 28/1CW3 1,000.0001 I 
: 1,000,000 
SIERRA LEONE Oilplaced population 19101193 300.000 
I Displac:ed population I 27IOll/ll3 400,000 10IOMH 173..200 
Oilplaced population = I00.000 2::w:Jlll4 a.ooo : Conflid '50,000 
Oilplaced population 20/07/94 .mu.ooo 
I Canffic:t 16/b,- 1.ouu_111111 
I 1,150,000 Z,773,200 I 
ST. LUCIA U911DyHurac:an I 151121941 121,000 
I 121,uuu 
211 
I •••• 
.. *L..:,.* . * ,,. 
..... • * 
,~~, ... 
CMIOI/IS 
Detailed Breakdown of Financial Decisions by Countries Benefitting from Humanitarian Assistance 1992-94 
1 9 9 2 1 9 t 3 1 9 9 4 
.ource of DECISIONS fin ECUI OECISIONS lln ECU\ OECISIONS lin ECU\ 
• ,n•nc• I Country typ• 
i""di,el lln• date amount total datt amount total dale amount total ·-
SUDAN lntemal cordliet 26104/93 300,000 
Corllid 07I04/92 1,000,000 10/06193 1,000,000 
Conflicl & drOught 27/10/92 3,000,000 07/07/93 1,000,000 
Conflicl & aought 01/09/93 6,000,000 
Conllic:t & aoughl 14112/93 1,000,000 
DisplaCICI population 10/03/94 490,000 
lntemal Conflid 22103194 1n,ooo 
Confticl & Drought 20I04l94 17,000,000 
OisplaCICI population 11/07/94 840,000 
4,000,000 1,300,000 11,507,000 
TANZANIA BU\lndi refugHI 11/11/93 1,000,000 
BU\lndi refugNI 15111/93 1,000,000 
Burundi refugen · 29/04/94 680,000 
! Bi.iundi retugns 29/04/94 450,000 
Bl.Nldi refugen 11/04/94 680,000 
I 2,000,000 1,110,000 I 
TCHAD Oroughl 11/05.194 217,000 
I Cholera epidemic: 07/09/94 160,000 ! 447,000 
TOGO Oisplac:ed population 23/07/93 500,000 
Ghana refugees 28/04/94 200,000 
I 500,000 200,000 
UGANDA Sudanese rerugees :.w12J93 1,000,000 I 
Sudanese retugees 25/01/941 500000 
1,uuu,uvu ouu,uuu 
WALUS I FUTIIMA Cyclone Fran 23104/92 325,000 I 
I (Nouvell1 Cal6donle 325,000 
I WESTERN SAMOA CyclOnl VII 29/01/92 300,000 
I 300,000 
IZAIRE lnternal troubles 12/02/93 1,000,000 
I Oisplac:ed population 13/07/93 1,0Q0,000 I lntamal troubles 27/08/93 1,000,uoo 
I Interna! traubtes 23")9193 1.000,000 
I lntamal troublea IZZ/10193 1,000,000 
I B\Wl'ldiretugeea 15111/93 500000 
lntlfNI troubles 15112'93 1,000 000 
lntemat troubles 25101/94 1,000,000 
lntamal traubtea 21/04/94 320,000 
Displaced populations (l<asai.Shaba,Kivu) 19'07194 1,000,000 
I 1,500,000 7,320,000 
~•DABWE MazamD1Ca1 raugeea U4111/92 400000 
M ...... epldemlc 21/12/921 300000 
700,000 
l 31,i1s,ooo 1 TOTAL LOME rv: I 12.115,000 213.261,IOl i 
I 
I 
~VMt: IU ·l&OMAUA \.Onnid •UIIIU.Jr.:I.!' •:1v,uuv 121!1/lUN;J •MJ,IIUU r-· ... Conflid 27/04/92 4000,000 0JIOtil93 150,000 
Conftid 27/04192 350,000 14106193 141.000 
Conllid & drought 1.uua,v2 4IOO,uuu 2til07/93 U0.000 
Conflid 07/09/92 l,V00,000 13#08193 U0,000 
i ConfliCI 22JDIW2 20.DUO,DUO :il ;, ••u.uoo 
Conllid 2:Vl 1192 l.uuu.000 2' J II0.000 
Conllid l 3 HO.IIOD 
I Conflid 2 3 IIO.uoo ' I Conflid I 1 1 r., 150,000 
I I Conllid 22/11/93 150,000 
Conflid 23111193 ! 150,000 
I 40,000,000 7,718,000 
t i 
I . TOT Al LOME tu : I 40,000,000 I I 7,791,0001 0 I ! I 
1:IUU\lt:I ',N-"9nANISTAN \.Offllid ~.!' :iuu,uuu 01/llfl!,ll;J\ IIIUU.UUD I 
i Oilplac:ed population & refugeea ~.!' 1,uuo.000 lP.IIOIW3 500,000 
l Conflid 04/09192 500,000 04110193 400000 
I Conflid 06/12.IV;, auu.000 ! Conllid 14112'93 500000 
i Tadjikl refugeea 14112193 350000 
t Conflid 18/01/94 450000 
I Displaced population 21104/94 1,000,000 
3 t 9 
t •*• :: ' * •• * :·, * ..... * • • llf -,. 
*•* ..-------:-•-
04/01/IIS 
Detailed Breakdown of Financial Det ;~ns oy Countries Benefitting from. Humanitarian Assistance 1992-94 
s 
F 
I' ouree of 
tnance / Country typ• 
udget llne 
Conlliå 
OISpleced population 
AfghanrefugNI 
Conftid 
Contlid 
Conllict 
Conllict 
ALBANIA Economic diff'1culti1t1 
Economlc ditf1C1JlliH 
FloOds 
Oltf'1a,11t lituatlon 
Oifflcult situation 
Oifficun situation 
ChOlera epldemlc: 
Difficult situation . Sanilary & Medicll Aid 
LATINAM- ~•epidemic 
IALGERIA T~egs '9fugees 
Setwahouls rafugNa 
Epldemica 
Nigerian and Mall refugen 
Saharahouis rwgees 
TOlaegtf9fuQNI 
Touaregsntfugefl 
Flc>Ods 
Evaluation Million 
Touaregt relugNs 
ANCiOLA Anned conllid 
~RMl:NIA 1.1mlCUlt winter 
Refugeet & ditplaald populallDn 
RefugNI & displlc:ed population 
Aidtodllabledpeopla 
Foodald 
·DiaplacecS population 
Foodeid 
Refugeet & ditpllc::ed populallDn 
Food eid 
AN Rerugeet& 
Foodllid 
Oltpllad popullti0n 
Foodeid 
Food 111d 
. B H Ken,gNS 1Rlffl ~ 
Refugeet from Myarlm• 
I Refugeet from Myanma, 
Cyclon 
111:UUCU:I Medical Aid to M11111 
MedicalAid 
Medic:al Aid ... 
1801.MA Cholera et. · 
! Chellera•r 
i Flc>Ods 
j FloOdl 
Cholllra ~I(;,,, :iy 
I FloOds 
Drought 
I r~-l;VIWIIUQO OI MtMIIGI NNOa 
MedicalAid 
8NADL Cholera epidemic 
i , Ald to, c:hlldren i Medie.al Aid I 
------___ I_ • 'l I 2 
DEC.J'.. :ONS lin ECUJ 
date amounl total 
2,000,000 
02/07/92 1,000,000 
':.lllt'1llnlL 500,000 
11/12/92 500,000 
2,000,000 
2lllU2M.l:I 500,000 
I00,000 
---·---..& ·----...J 
·--
-DUO.UUU ~I ooo.uuu, 
llMMIH2 1.UOO.UUU I 
2,uuu,uuu 
I 
I 
I 
; 
I 
' -I 
4 19 1 9 9 3 1 t t 4 
DECISIONS fin ECUI DECISIONS lin ECUl 
date amount total date amount tolal 
24J02/94 1,915.000 
12/07194 1,975,000 
17105194 711,000 
23111194 3,120,000 
01112194 450.000 
0711-ml't 1,500,000 
21/12194 120,000 
2,750,000 12,315,000 
13112/93 101,000 
14/12193 350,000 22/03/94 175,000 
17/08194 300,000 
16/09/94 200,000 
25110/94 550,000 
15112194 450,000 
456,000 1,171,uuu 
: I 
,:: ''16193 500,000 
'231159/93 225,000 
06112/93 300,000 
14/12193 200.000 
21103/94 1100 000 
1711J511M 550,000 
22/08194 400,000 
15111184 111111.UUU 
01/12194 31000 
08/1LIH4 ;stlll.UUIJ 
1,225,000 2,Ni,000 
2tWl/93I 1,000,000 301111941 1000.000 
1,uuu,uuu .. -.ooo 
21101194 76,000 
WilWlll4 230,000 u,~ 3500,000 
26104194 200,000 
11,u,,_ 4000.000 
2QI07194 1.450.000 
15111,_ Z,000.uuu 
07/12194 2,11 .. 000 
1::in.uM 120.uuu 
11.111.000 
OrllMIH 3000000 
1 'IUIM •--- l:.!IIIJJ• I.DUll.000 
1 .,, .. ,. 1.DUII..IIIUIII 
C :ttzn,, l lOOOOO ... 
I 
171U:111»1 HD.OOOJ 
auu,uuu 
z,~1 NV.UUUI 
I 1QM1194I 1.-.0001 
Z!l'11,-1 1.1uu.uuo1 
2.NU,UUU 
29J03l93 270000 
2W1Wli3 25,000 
14112/93, 150.000 
I 1111M11" ZJ0.000 
28103194 410,000 
I --ZIMl.000 
07/12194 225,000 
445,uuv 1,115,UUU 
1U1U01114 4.0001 
Olll1:.u.41 1.000.000 
1,D04,IICID 
3lllUll!U I 1UU.IIUUl 1;au1,-1 1 liO.UUO I 
241111ml 370,000 I I ; 01n~ ao,000 
470,0001 I00,000 
' -L 
r 
l 
,: 
~J.•· *. * 
~ ••• * 
'$, •• ~. 
". *' -, • . • * ·,: * 
IM/01195 
dailed Breakdown of Financial Decisions by Countries Benefitting from Humanitarian Assistance 1992-94 
··-
rea o 
· ,n.nc~ / 
"JU~"t Il , 
ne ! 
Country 
BURUNDI 
C:AMBODIA 
I 
I 
i I 
! 
CAUCASUS 
CHILE 
I 
I 
i~~ 
CUBA 
EQTt't 
EL SALVADOR 
111:CUAIJOR 
EX-USSR 
I . 
! 
i 
I 
I 1 9 9 2 
DECISIONS lfn ECUI 
type 
d1t1 1mount total 
Oisplaced Population 
Internat lroubles 
Refugees repatriation 
lnlemal troubles 
Internat troubles 
Oisplaced population 
Medical aid for vidms of mines 
Medical aid for victims of mines 
lnlemal troubles 
Medical Aid lo Annenia-Georgia-Azerbaijan 
Refugee1 & Oisplaced Population 
Pouring rain 
Epidernlc 
Ear1hquake 
Oiffia,11 situation 07/12/92 250,000 
Typhone 
Neuropalhlc epidemy 
Neuropathlc epidemy 
Medical Aid 
MedicalAid 
MedicalAid 
MedicalAid 
Evaluation 
Neuropathic epidemy 
Mecfic:al & Nutrilional Aid 
Gordon Cyclon 
250,000 
Earthquake 15.110/92 600.000 
FloOdlllndfH I 
FloOdl and rn 
500,000 
Floods 23/10192 200,000 
Cholera Epidernie l 
Honduran Refugees 
200,000 
Landslide 
Lanclllide 
• Situation in Estonia 31/01192 250.000 
Probleml in AzerDaidjan 21/02/92 500,000 
Problema In Ann6nle 211U.l192 DUU,000 
Problems in Azetbeldjan 20J03192 500,000 
Problems In Aurbaldjan 151D1192 500.000 
Ann6nie • Hu Karabagh 11/08192 500,000 
Oisplac:9d population in Azerblldjan 11/12/92 500,DUU 
Diaplaced population in Tadjikistan 15/12192 300000 
Diaplaced population In Tadjikistan 
Ref. & dilpl. in Ann.,_ el g6orgie 
Ref. & displ. in Azertl. & Haut-Kar. 
Oisplaced population In Arm6nie 
Problems in Azttbllldjan 
Problems in Aurbaldjan 
Displaced populatlor, In Geo,gia 
Problems In Azerbaf48n 
Epldemy in Caucaso 
Problems In Azerbaldjan .. ___ ., ...... ,,_., ~ 
lntemal problems In Mosmw 
Oiaplaced population In Georgia 
Reparation ol Eleclrical Suppliel In Annenia 
Refugee1 and dilplac:ed pop. in Kirghistan 
Refugees and dilplac:ed pop. in Tadjikillan 
Refugees and dilplac:ed pop. in Azerblidj. 
Refugee1 and dilplac:ed pop. in Annenia I I I 
Refugees and dilplac:ed pop. in Georgia I 
Displaced population in Ucrania and Rusa. I 
Oi1placed population in Azert>aldjan I I I 
Medical Aid in Uc:rania and Bielorussia 
I I 
! Refugees •nd dlsplaced pop. in Kirghistan 
I Refugees •nd displaced pop. in Georgia 
Ref. and disp. pop. in Arm • Georgil, Azert> 1 9 9 3 1 9 I 4 
OECISIONS fin ECUI DECISIONS ttn i:~111 
dlll 1mount total date amount total 
15112/94 5,000,000 
5,000,000 
24/05/93 1,000,000 
01/07/93 250,000 
14/12/93 250,000 
14/12/93 285,000 
14/03/94 1,000,000 
14/06/94 256,000 
21/11/94 380,000 
15112/94 600,000 
1,785,000 2,231,000 
30/08/94 1,400,000 
07/12/94 100,000 
1,500,000 
07/05/93 500,000 
500,000 
04/10/93 470,000 I 
09J06/94 700,000 
470,000 700,000 
31/03/93 500,000 
22107/93 3,500,000 
22107/93 2,000,000 
11/11/93 480,000 
11/11/93 500,000 
11/11193 415,000 
14/12/93 330,000 
22/02/94 200000 
16102/94 3,510.000 
29/06194 1,194,500 
07/12/94 350.000 
7,805,000 14,0M,IOO 
10/11/94 I00,000 
IUISf121»4 130,000 
130,000 
I 
07/12/94 170,000 
07/12/94 170.000 
340,000 
,?JUn.AIQ3 270000 
27/0'1/93 80000 
:110,000 
11/01193 500,000 
17/02/93 4,000000 
17/02/93 1500,000 
14/04/93 500000 
19/04/93 NOOOO 
10I06/93 1,300,000 
1AJOMl3 2,700000 
l??ln7/93 '1:800,00I 
2'f/0'1193 I00,000 
12!i/08/93 500,000 
31/01!193 500,000 
,,QJOQ/93 3,000000 I 
04/10193 300,000 ! 
>--14/1Ml:I' 500.000 
22/11193 421,000 1 
06/12193 3100,000 
06112/93 2.100,000 
07/12/93 3,000,000 : -07112/93 3,000,0001 
~ ; 
07/12/93 3,D00,000 --07/12/93 4,000,0001 ,. - ! 14/12/93 I iöö,000, ---- --~------· :14/12/93! 500,0001 
14/12/931 100,000 [ ~ ~-=~~:. . -
14/12/931 500,000J ---14112/93 •00.0001 I 
I I 
! 
I i ' I I ! 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I ! 
' ' -I * * * * •• * * ,-.., • • • ••• ANNEX_s 
Detailed Breakdown of Financial Decisions by Countries Benefitting from Humanitarian Assistance 1992-94 
urce of 
nence/ Country So 
F1 
'au dgetUne 
IU• 
GEORGIA 
GUATEMALA 
!HAITI 
IHONDUMS 
INDIA 
RNPUNC:~ 
IRAK 
I I i 
I 
! 
:IRAN 
i type 
Refugeet and displaced pop. in Georgil 
Refugeet and dltplac:ed pop. In Annenia 
Refugeet and dllplac:ed pop. in Annenia 
Dilpleced popullltiOn in Ruulan Fed. 
Refugee• and dlaplac:ed pop. In T-tldllan 
contlic:t 
Conllict 
Conllict 
Conflid 
Cordlic:t 
Conllic:t 
ct.nical polution in MantWgro 
Conllic:t 
Conllic:l 
Ditplaced populatiOn in Croatia 
Displaced population in Bo~rngovlnl 
Connic::t 
Displac9d population In Croetia 
Conllicl 
Conllic:t 
CcnHc:t 
Conllic:I 
Conllict 
Oiaplaad population lnBotnia-Herzegov 
Ex-Yugoalavia, Montentgro 
Conllicl 
Connict 
Connic::t 
Conflic:I 
Di9placed population In Bolnia-HerzegoY 
Oilplaced population In ~JIYl"II 
Dilplaced populatian In Croatia 
Conftid 
Conllicl 
RefuDH• and diaplaced popullllanl 
Refugeet and dlaplaced popullllloN 
Conllic:l 
Refugeet and diapllced population 
Ev.,.tion & Coordnalion 
Foodeid 
Oitpleced population 
Food8id 
-~efugee• and ciaplaced populelion 
10deid 
lntemllllNIUDIN 
RepalriatianolRetugen 
Repllrlation d Relugee1 
Meaical & NUV'll0NI Aid 
Events 
GonlonCyclon 
~--~----
FloOdl 
Earthquak• 
Earthquake 
Ea,1hquake 
KUldilh populetion 
Kurdilhpopulltion 
Kurdllh population 
Kurdiah ~ 
Eveluation 
Kurdilh population 
I Food eld in nar1h ol Irak 
I Oiff'ICUII lituelion ! Vu.....,able Pcpulalion 
,f,,:Jds 1 t t 2 
.,___ _ . OECISIONS lln ECUI 
date emounl tolal 
..,___ ___ 
.,__. ____ ----·-----~ ---::,;5so,oöo 
DIIIU3f92 3,000000 
cwo.a192 1,500,000 
1MJ4192 1.IKHl,000 
06105192 30,000,000 
102l07/92 120,000.000 
01/10/92 120,000,000 
23/11192 110,uuu 
29112/92 957,297 
u1,011,2t1 
I 
I 
I 
I 
I 
---
i4'121U'2 :zall.UUUI 
DO,ÖOO 
15/Q4193 1000,000 
' --· 1,000,000 
I 
6 I 9 1 , , ) 1 t t 4 
DECISIONS fin ECUI DECISIONS fin ECUI 
date amount total date amount total 
14/12/93 300,000 
14112/93 300,000 
14/12/93 100,000 
14/12193 290,0t>(! - 14/12193 IOOJ!OO .• _. __ __ ------
51,215,000 --·-·------------
l 
03.103193 60,000,000 ~3 500,000 0~3 100,000 
1D/06/93 100,000.000 
12107/93 210.000 
22107/93 7,350,000 
22107/93 50000,000 
05/08/93 200000 
IOMJ8/93 ll.000 
13108/93 180,000 
27IDIW3 517.195 
10/09/93 211..000 
10IO!W3 270,noo 
:?2'10193 72,082.715 
'1/93 11,917.285 
.... _;1219'.3 11,000.000 
27101/94 275.000 
2-4102/9'4 ,t000.000 
03103194 .2tt,,t00 000 
03IOSl94 47,MOOOO 
12'07/94 33,911.DDD 
1W091M 1.IOO.DDO 
2IJIOBl94 t.llG.000 
17111194 151.000.000 
315,080,115 281,371,000 
07104194 3.noo,000 
12104/94 80,000 
11107194 ,t.lllJll,IIDD 
20/07/94 1,820.000 
15/11194 2.000,000 
07/12/94 2.311,000 
23112/94 240000 
17,301,000 
2-4/11/931 250,000 I 
17ffl2194 3&11.0001 
21/11194 470.000 
250,000 830,000 
U41D1/94 2.000.000 
.'XV10194 12.000.DDO I 
.7.,11194 3.UUO.DDDI 
17,000,000 
1ovtunu1 200.0001 
13f17M'II 311!!iOQO 
Dl,000 
1oanunD1 500,000 
11nunu1 310,000 
02/12lml 80000 l 
920,000 
l 
1""'1f!iY3 2.000.000 I 1Ml693 t.lOOJICICI 
11/10113 3.250,0011 
oa,12m l.7IO.OOCI 
03J02/94 125.aaa ;,i- -4.II0.111111 
05J08/94 1.7IICI.OOO 
-·~~ 1tlUBIIM :z.000.000 
08/12/94 14.111111.00Q I 
21,500,000 
1 llllll!U 2:111,0001 i 
230,000 ' I r 
[ 
I 
l 
_. ·-* * * '. * •• * 
* t--\ * * * ••• ~----=-•-ANNEXs 
Detailed Breakdown of Financial Declsions by Countries Benefitting from Humanltarian Assistance 1992-94 
f 1 t t 2 1 t t 3 1 •• " 
;soun:e of na:t::l~IONS lln a:l"!UI ns:l"l!l3nN~ nn 1:r1" DECIStnN~ nn a:l"!ln 
iFtnance/ Country type 
·eudgetlne ..... 1mount total dllt1 lfflOUl1t total date •mount IDlal 
JSRAEL lr1tmll troublll inoccupild llrrl 05101/93 1,750,000 
lnlemel IRIUblN in occupild tlffl. .Z2JC51Y3 Z,450,000 ~ lnlUbltl in occ:upiad llrril 27/07/93 500,000 
lnllfflll troublel in occupild l8rrl. 06f1m,;s 5,700,000 
I lnllfflll lroubln in occupild lerril 28/03/94 2.300 000 
Sll'lillry Aid 1111 Palntsllan Population lllMlli/!M 2,400 000 I 10,400,000 4,700,000 
i 
! AN Floodl 251051941 250,000 
Foadald I 11107/941 3,000000 
! Floodl 30.'08/941 1000.000 
Foodald 15111/941 2.000.000 
. t.ZJU,000 
: LAOS Drought 25'04194 1,500,000 
1,DUU,UUU 
UIIAN II..CnllCI ~7/'ifJ ouu.000 
Canfllct = DUU.000 
Medlcll Alet for c::hlchn 400.uuu 
Mldical Alet for c::hlchn 114"1zn,;t 400000 
1,IJUU,UUU 
! 
I 11~'-U lnlemallRIUIIIII 21106/94 770.000 
i lnlemaltraublll 01/12N4 zao.000 
I 1,nu,000 
I ~n'ANIIAft ..... I 111112/94 :HD.000 I I i14UtUUU 
f'loodl I I IUIUWV41 DUU.000 
Foadlid I I 15/11/94 2.000.000 
~,uuu 
-r~r~1a ---•-&1,,11 = 1.IIIUll..1111111 
MedlcalAlcl DD.0001 08f12/941 1000.uuu, 
Econcmlc dlllicullu 1411211DI INIU.UIIU I 
1,IZO,uuu 1,GDD,000 -•-.. 1ofrlllJlll'l9 1 ar llMIBa 1 IIOOOO 
Vlc:tnloff~ 15/111»41 IKIU.IIODI 
1.-0,000 
~urAL ::::.ntfugNI I CIHIU2IH3 111111,UUUI I 
I =I __ IIIJUI 
I 
Floodl I -.ooo I 
I 1,IJUU,UUU 
Ul,UWV-L .i:au.uuu 
Volcanlc aruption 1MMnl2 uu.uuu 
lnltHurrlcall 1UIUlll1D ;mu.uuu 
hlHunicane 1411211D --000 ~ Alet U1/12/lf4 DUU.UUU 
I00,000 7UU,UUU --.ooo 
l'IDOCII z1~1 DIJ.IIUUI I W/n.w.l :.IIIILIIIIIII 
~ ..... I 1'1.,..~I ~-· Criqullapellma~ I 1MJIIIIDI ZUIJ.UIIUI 
I I 
ilDU,WU 4UU,OOO .. au,auu 
ueparwa -----2W1Z/'112 AO.DDOI I I 
IIU,IIUU ... 
' l"IOOCII -· - l~I DD.IIUUI I I 
ilDU,UUU 
l"UIU ,._ 
ZIIUlll&!i 2111.uuu 
Chollreepidlmic u,v,1193 = Chollrllapidemic 13112/BJ 
Floodl 1nru = CMI Conflid & Flllodt 1Dlll 
Oilplacecl Popullllon 1nru 110.000 
Oilplacecl Chilchn 211#1 ---Floodl 08/1 .UU.IIOD 
I D1U,UUU ~ 
21~1 -.1111111 I 
Tn,hon I I I 17102/941 JOD.IIIIDI 
Floodl I I I 1.!l'IUl!MI 111U.IIODI 
Ear1hqualce I 07/12/94 ;aJU.IIUUI 
IUU,UUU HV.UUU 
nu-""' , _____ ,, ___ 
I 1Jl'l.ull-' 350.000 
711 ' L, r; 
l ,:: *** (_~ * * . ; . .., ·M• 
'· * * ANNfXS 
••• ........ =-·-
Detailed Breakdown of Financial Decisions by Countries Benefitting from Humanitarian Assistance 1992-94 
1 I I 2 1 I I 3 1 •• ' 
Source of nS:~ISIONS lin ECUI DECISIONS fin ecu, DEC1s1n11tr:: fin lleCUI 
Finance I ..;ountry type 
Budgetllne dale amount total data amowft total data amount total 
350,000 
IRU~ lntemallr0UD191 1 UJ• aoo.ooo 
Medlcal ald lo Molcu 0 J4U 100000 
Food aid for old people in MolCOW 2 JOI J H0,000 
Medical eld lo l'Ullianfedntian u Jnj .. 1,000,000 
lrtanalTroubln 01109194 100.000 
Medlcal end Nulrlional aid 10/11194 2,1Q0.000 
lnternal TraublN 23112/94 310000 
9,470,000 
RWANDA OlaplaCeCI populall0I\ I 19102/93 2000,000 I 
I 
2,000,000 0 
SOMALIA \,QflfljQ OIMJf/93 4,500000 
Conllict 05/04l94 1,051 000 
Conllict 12JU'IIY 2,500.uuu 
Conllict 1!W419 1 000 
Connic:t&Choleta 1~ • .~,., 
Conllk:I 20/D:i/9, 1 000 
Conlllcl = 1,1 ,,. 
Conlllc:t 1.1 IOI 
Conl8ct 01/12/94 d .aoo 
Conllict 15112/94 1.IIU 000 
4,500,uoo ...,.,._351 
SRI LAi,t\A Ini I 1,4/12/93 110,000 
CMI Connlct I I 16106194 250000 
CMI Ccnfllc:I I I 10111~1 HD.000 
110,000 111.000 
SUDAN ~~ 11W2/931 4000001 -·-+·-·-~ I 20/UISIV;J I JUU.UUUI I 
AelugNI & 0llpllCed Population I 07/12/94 1.000.000 
' 1,100,000 -.uuu.uuo 
TAJIN~INI Keft.lDNI- popuiation 12M>4/94 HU,000 
Foodaid 1,..07194 4,uuu.000 
Rarugees & dllplaced population :U41011194 J,000.uuu 
Refugen I dilplacad population 07JO!W4 ;uu.000 
Studies and evåatlana 10,111194 111,000 
1,121,DDO 
1\iHll:.IWUINL. 11:.rr. --ILnllS/HGI 1.300.uuu 
MedlcalAld I 10,1111941 111111,000I 
Z.1UU,UUV 
rruRKH 211U!fr.U I DUU.000 I 
I00,000 
UKRAINI! Meaica1aldforltw---··;_· a01 ... -, ..... I 2~1 DU.0001 
Choletlltipidemlc I 18'1unMI = Mllc8llanaous 18'11J1941 
Vaccinalian Programme 15'12194 1.llllll.lllllll 
;r.4W.000 
URUGUAY-ARGl!NTI FICIOCIS 19106192 400,000 
400,000 
a runmn.Br91 I I 1MJtW3( ,ou.000 
110,000 
~l:TNAM Medic:IIN4. 110,000 I Bi Ftoodl end lyphon. .i:ot1Utll"I 
Flooda 07112194 
110,uuu '"•-
:YCMCl'f "~.Kim---.l:CIIIU.U1W 1DU.UUU 
Refugen Somalanl ~ I00,000 
Floodl 1231Won13 71i.OOO 
Conlllcl ... ~ :IIJU..000 
fWugees & DlsplaCed Population = 7:ZU.IIOD 
Connicl :mu..000 
I00,000 JD,UUU ,,zn.uuo 
lz::AIRE ollplaced population 19M.ZN3 1,300.000 ---- 1,300,000 
ZIMBABWI: (umalconflictdroughl 17~ 12.000 .._ .. 1Z.000 
I 500000 . I \;8Mral 5tuditl : 
500,000 
119 /,~ 
•• * * •• * *M* • * *•* -,-,,---=-·-
OIID1115 
Detailed Breakdown of Financial Decisions by Countries Benefitting from Humanitarian Assistance 1992-94 
1 I I 2 1 I I 3 1 .... 
~urceof r,a:rtClnllllt lin l:rll\ nr:r:t!UOMS lin r:r-m r,a:r1e1nt.1c 1111 a:r1 I\ 
Flnance/ Country type 
!Budget lin• date amount total data amount total date amount total 
~-1:."YI:. "--•~ ----r•111119ft • Ospllcedpop. -,,,111r.>r.14 12.000.000 
Retupn I dsplllced In Cennl I Etlt Nnca 21J09t'M 000000 
DlaaSWprlPlflålnl 21/10/M 112,57" 
Olnlllr prtplnCNSI 21111 ,4 Mti,uuu 
Olaalllr prapa,ltnSI 01/1 • 1.H2.213 
Dilalllr preparednlu 0811 .. IOOOO 
Dlnater prep.-eChU 15/1 .. .eoz, 175 
Olaa11er preparedneU 1:11'1 ,4 l:111,UUU 
Ewkalon 10#12.94 IOOOO 
Food Aid &aulon 16112.94 4'0,000 
20,081,112 
TOTAL BUDGET: I 5113171211 I I 51.e,m,11151 500,IMIU.121 
GRAND TOTAL : I .m;m;n,1 I !!!;!ti1H!I :. 
48 . 
Il 
EC CONTRACTS FOR HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE ·1990-94 
TY,-EOI' 
CONTRACT 
EC COMMISS/ON-DIRECT 
CM I 
COMMISSION/AEC 
DnEGATIONS . 
sua o 
MEMBER STATE GOVNTS 
(l)~-111)-~ 1990 
ECU 
108 1991 1992 1193 
ECU ECU ECU 
000 · 111 359 784 331 1251 597154,168 100.0% AS Ptll Q,1.J......,.,,.199) 
1994 
8 ,590,3 3 
5,541,500 
91,131,833 ANNEX 5 
IN%0 
TOTA 
1 .1% 
0.9% 
·0.0% 
.0% 
4,648,000 0.8 
0.0% 
'li-0% 
0.0% . , 121,000::, '\:••·' 0.0% 
o:Ö% 
0.8% 
2 14 10:;;::, 
24,248,000 
' , :, 89,17~,2H.,, :: : . 
22,304,380 3.7% 
, .. ,;_~:~;::;,;:;:•:::1:::::1:::::·:::! 
200,000 0.0% 
• 20;970,!1'3/ ;'';: : : ,, 3.5% 
2,232,500. .OA% 
\ #0,24$;J7,5);J ,}i: 3;3% 
, 28,031,123. '4.6% 
0.0% t::_:on 
0.0% 
/?;/0.0% 
0.0% .. ,·,;o.0% 
0.0% 
, ;; OJI% 
0.1% 
.,-";. ;,.,-, ,·.o.8% 
0.0% 
·-·1;':!'\:-: .. \??OMfa . DÄ 
0.1% 
50,08 ,103 
607 580 251 • 100.0% 
(1)1111--WHTDI 1"11111~AMOUIIIIOlll&CUlaa&aallAlfflAU.TlOWDTIWl1111-AIOllffl061WICU> 'IIIATIJ tMI.CUIIAIIIIIIIDIUCILr ADMDlll'rDIZ>ITDOVICPIOOA) 
ll~Wffll1111COMMllaON!llcmmt'111JULT ltfl lmlCl,~IWIIIIIDI-ITDOVIJCla1111~ Alll:IIIO'f'ICIIO 1MrllDWIIIIIODlffDDICl(lltMICll)COllllll'IOf 
~MIDUIIUlmlllDYD-•a.ta•MINDrl~ll ltfl --IIICMal'UU.ronLQ1011A&.D11Aal.Tl,,JMIAIUUIWDIIMWIDIA1'II.TTAICDf10DIUUTIWA1Lua:avu 
*** -* •• * * M *~~~ 
* * *•* 
_€.__f;___tt__J -ANNEX 7 
Breakdown of Community Aid to the Former 
Yu oslavia, 1991-1994 b Re ublic 
Republic 
Bosnia-Herzegovina 
Croatia (+UNPAS) 
Serbia and Montenegro 
Slovenia 
F. Y.R. oj Macedonia 
All Republics 
Turkey and Hungary 
Total % 
50.1% 
23.0% 
18.0% 
0.7% 
4.2% 
3.8% 
0.2% 
100% 
Breakdown of Community Aid to the Former 
Yu oslavia, 1994 b Relief Items 
Relief Items % 
FoodAid 30.8% 
Sanitation 7.5% 
Medicd/Aid 18.5% 
Logistics 19.9% 
Psychosocial 3.0% 
Emergency Rehabilitation 9.7% 
Miscellaneous 10.6% 
Total 100% 
J) 
-~ *** * .. * *M* * * ANt· 8 
*** 
E C H 0 
IEc coNTRACTS wim UN AGENCIES FOR HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE I9Q" '.] 
WFP 
FAO 
WHO 
U; 
UNHCR 
UNICEF 
UNDP 
UNRWA UNAGENCY 
SPECIAL UN OPERATIONS (1 
SUM EC/UN CONTRACTS 
LL EC CONTRACTS 
REMARKS: 1990 
ECU 
2,955,000 
0 
0 
1,sa;_; 
300,000 ~-
770,000 
0 
11,256,000 
108.290.000 1991 
ECU 
5,547,000 
198,000 
0 
1,286,000 
46,524,500 1993 
ECU ECU 
71,318,781 
87,955,354 
(1) PAHO operations are lncluded as• UN organlzatlon since PAH9 acts as the regional organlzation representative for WHO in the Amerieu. 
Up until 1992 •ernergenc:y food Id" was not lncluded In the •ec contracts• (administered by the 0G VIII 
Food Aid Olvlslon). From 1993 all contracts are lncluded In the amounts.shown. ir-emergency food ai~ 
c:i•lllled through the UN agencles In 1992 (15 MECU) Is added to the eonncts, the total for 1992 would 
be 137 MECU (122 MECU plus 15 MECU) or.43 % ofn contracts. 
I AS PER: 04-JANUARY- 199S 
1994 
~•:':(.~~~ 
~u'·-• I 
~-,:,:::;'~h ' 
43,220,7161tftf1'1'% 
o IH/Q~OO% 
0 1}!\&00% 
o ,tn;}d .. bo~i · 
140,99s,o3s ,;FJi~ji1% 
11,338, 13s (4;~'.ta1%· 
0 II:!'o· ·-o··o· 0' ,-::;:·::· .... ,o 
t~\~{i;~> ·:;; < .. : : . 
450,000 !Rit~~.0.1% 
2,720,250 ltfHlf6t45% 
198, 12s, 139 l?ilj3:}, ro 
(ii{/L~f:r. ~~.: 
607,§~0.~59 J'.166~06:010 
-ANNEX 9 
EUROPEÄNCOMMJSSIOr·nE-CHÖ) FiNANCIAL ÖECISIÖNS IN FÄVOUR OF THE AFFECTED 
BURUNDI/RWANDAN POPULATION since the 21st October 1993 until December 1994 
AMOUNTS IN ECU 
COUNTRY OATE Reason for Contribution PARTNER AMOUNT TOTAL 
BURUNDI 25111/93 Displaced Population ICRC/NGO 1,000,000 
25111/93 Oisplaced Population UN -~000.~ 
' 25111/93 Oisplaced Population NGO 1,000,000 
22/12/93 Pisplaced Population NGO 1,000,000 
03/02/94 Displaced Population NGOIUN 1,000,000 
28/03194 Oisplaced Population NGO/UN 14,000,000 
17/0Sl94 Burundi Repatriates and Rwandan Refugees NGO -~000.000 
15112/94 Displaced Population NGO 5,000.000 
25,000,000 
~EGIONAL 21/12/93 Burundi Refugees NGOIUN/IFRC 18,300,000 
16/03/94 Burundi Refugees NGO/UN 13,500,000 
27/05194 Rwandan, Burundi, Tanzania Refugees UNHCR/ICRC 12,000,000 
21/06/94 Rwandan, Burundi, Tanzania Refugees UNHCR 19.000,000 
20/07/94 Rwanda, Burundi,laire, Uganda, Tanzania ~HCR/NGOnCf 12,000,000 
27/07/94 Rwanda, Burundi,Laire, Uganda, Tanzania UN/NGO/ICRC 75,000,000 
21/09194 Refugees & Disp. pop. in Central/East Africa NGO '4,500,000 
20/12/94 Rwandan/Burundi Populations NGOIUN/IFRC 45,000,000 
199,300,000 
~WANDA 28/10193 Burundi Refugees NGO 1,000,000 
28/10/93 Burundi Refugees NGO 1,000,000 
28/10193 IOisplaeed population NGOAJN 1,000,000 
10/11193 Erundi Relugees UN 1,000,000 
15112/93 Burundi Refugees NGO 1,000,000 
04/02/94 Refug~ and displaced population ICRCINGO 8,000,000 
09/04/941 nflict NGO 500,000 
12/04/94 Conflict & Drought ·. NGO 1,000,000 
11/05194 Conflict NGOIICRC 1,000,000 
1711019-4 Rehabilitation-Eledricity & Water GTZ 5,000,000 
20,500,000 
·• 
TANZANIA 15111/93 !Burundi Refugees NGO 1,000,000 
11/11193 Endi Relugees UNn«30 1,000,000 
29/CW94 Rwandan Refugees NGO 680,000 
( 
29/04/9oC ndan Refugees NGO 450,000 
3,130,000 
~RE 15111193 leurundi Refugees 
I UN/NGO 500,000 
i I I 500,000 I ! I 
i 
I I 
I 
I 248,430,000 I TOTAL 1993-December 1994 

• I ISSN 1024--4S06 
KOM(95) 47 slutlig 
DOKUMENT 
SV 01 11 
Katalogn~er : CB-CO-95-064-SV-C 
ISBN 92-77-86114-2 
Byrin for Europeiska gemenskapcmas officiella pub~tioner 
1,298S Luxemburg