EUROPEISKA GEMENSKAPERNAS KOMMISSION 
KOM(95) 38 slutliga 
Bryssel, den 23.02.1995 
RAPPORT FRÅN KOMMISSIONEN 
OM TILLSTÅNDET FÖR VARVSINDUSTRIN INOM EUROPEISKA UNIONEN 
SITUATIONEN ÅR 1993 

-/ KOMISSION KERTOMUKSEN YHTEENVETO 
LAIVANRAKENNUSTEOLLISUUDEN TILASTA EUROOPAN UNIONISSA 
TILANNE VUONNA 1993 
Johdanto 
Tämän kertomuksen, joka on laadittu 19 päivänä syyskuuta 1978 tehdyn neuvoston 
päätöslauselman mukaisesti, tarkoituksena on antaa yleiskäsitys vuoden 1993 
laivanrakennusteoUisuudesta ja -markkinoista. 
Yleiset taloudelliset taustatiedot 
Vuonna 1993 taloudellinen toiminta oli edelleen lamassa ja maailman BKT.n 
tosiasiallinen nousu edellisen vuoden aikana oli ainoastaan 1,6 %.Tämä oli suurelta osin 
tulosta taloudellisesta taantumasta yhteisössä, jonka BKT laski 0,3 % päin vastoin kuin 
muualla maailmassa, jossa tapahtui lievää nousua (2,3 %). 
Laivaliikenteen kehityssuuntaukset 
Merikuljetukset övat lisääntyneet vuodesta 1985. Tonnimaileina lisäys vuoden 1992 
luvusta oli 3,1 %, joka on yhteensä 18 800 miljardia tonnimailia. 
Kauppalaivaston kehityssuuntaukset 
Vuoden 1993 lopussa maailman kauppalaivasto oli yhteensä 458 miljoonaa bruttotonnia, 
joka tarkoittaa 2,9 %:n kasvua vuodesta 1992 ja vahvistaa vuonna 1989 alkaneen 
nousevan kehityssuuntauksen. 
Maailman kauppalaivaston keskimääräinen ikä nousi 17 vuodesta vuonna 1992 18 
vuoteen vuonna 1993. 
Laivanrakennusteollisuuden tilanne 
Vaikka maailman tuotanto pysyi yli 12 miljoonassa kompensoidussa bruttotonnissa, lisäys 
oli ainoastaan 2,2 % vuodesta 1992. 
Uusissa tilauksissa tapahtui kuitenkin selvä lisäys (64,7 %) vuonna 1993, joka edustaa 
päinvastaista suuntausta kuin vuosien 1991 ja 1992 heikentyminen (16,7 % ja 26 %) sekä 
vuoden 1990 hidas kehitys. 
Uusien laivojen tilausten johdosta maailman tilausten määrä kasvoi lähes 10 %. 
Erityisesti suurten telakkojen osalta tämän tonnimäärän pitäisi taata keskimäärin kahden 
vuoden työmäärää suhteessa kyseisen vuoden tuotantoon. 
-\<x.' 
Japanin ja Korean telakoita koskevat käytettävissä olevat viitehinnat - Yhdysvaltain 
dollareina - osoittavat ennen kaikkea jatkuvaa vähenemistä säiliöalusten osalta. 
Rahtilaivoissa havaittiin yleisesti vähäinen parannus. 
Korea on ollut hintajohtaja ÎShes kaikkien säiliöalusten ja suurten rahtilaivojen osalta. 
Kansainväliset näkökohdat 
Kansainvälisten politiikkojen mukaisesti vuodesta 1989 on OECDm piirissä tavoiteltu 
maailman johtavien laivanrakennusmaiden kesken monenvälistä sopimusta kaikkien 
laivanrakennusta, laivojen muutostöitä ja korjausta koskevien suorien ja epäsuorien 
julkisten tukitoimenpiteiden sekä muiden alan tavanomaisten ja oikeudenmukaisten 
kilpailuedellytysten esteiden nopeasta poistamisesta. Komissio sai neuvotteluvaltuudet 
neuvostolta vuonna 1990 ja 17 päivänä kesäkuuta 1994 saavutettiin sopimus, joka vastasi 
Euroopan unionin tärkeimpiä tavoitteita. Sopimus tulee voimaan 1 päivänä tammikuuta 
1996 sen jälkeen, kun kaikki sopimuspuolina olevat maat ovat sen allekirjoittaneet, 
minkä odotetaan tapahtuvan ennen vuoden 1995 loppua, sekä ratifioineet. EU allekirjoitti 
sopimuksen 21 päivänä joulukuuta 1994 neuvoston poliittisen hyväksymisen jälkeen. 
Muita laivanrakennusmaita kehotetaan liittymään tähän sopimuksen. 
Sisäpolitiikka 
Meriteollisuuskokous 
Vuonna 1991 perustetussa meriteollisuuskokouksessa on nyt käyty kolmen vuoden ajan 
tiivistä, rakentavaa ja arvokasta vuoropuhelua kaikkien asianosaisten välillä. 
Annettuaan vuoden 1992 ja 1993 Genovan ja Ateenan taysistunnoissa kertomuksen 
komissiolle, kokous jatkoi työtään keskittämällä päähuomionsa seuraaviin seikkoihin: 
lyhyet merikuljetukset, merivoimavarat, laivojen rahoitus ja elektroninen tiedonvaihto. 
Näiden eri kysymysten yhteydessä perustettujen keskusteluryhmien työn perusteella 
kokous esitti Rotterdamissa 20-21. päivänä kesäkuuta 1994 pidetyssä täysistunnossaan 
komissiolle uuden kertomuksen. 
Tässä kokouksessa päätettiin jatkaa näitä kysymyksiä koskevaa työtä ja pitää toinen 
täysistunto vuoden 1995 puolivälissä. 
Tutkimus ja kehitystyö 
Euroopan parlamentti ja neuvosto hyväksyivät 26 päivänä huhtikuuta 1994 yhteisön 
toimintaa tutkimuksen, teknologian kehityksen ja esittelyn alalia koskevan neljännen 
puiteohjelman (1994-1998). 
Ohjelmassa otettiin käyttöön monia uudistuksia verrattuna edellisiin puiteohjelmiin 
(kuljetus, telematiikka, lyhyitä merikuljetuksia sekä sisävesiväyliä koskevat poliittiset ja 
optimointistrategiat, pintakuljetusteknologiat). 
Tekninen yhdenmukaistaminen 
Euroopan parlan@tti ja neuvosto antoivat 16 päivänä kesäkuuta 1994 direktiivin 
huvialuksia koskevien jäsenvaltioiden lakien, asetusten ja hallinnollisten määräysten 
lähentämisestä. 
TyöIIisyys 
Vuoden 1993 aikana työllisyys yhteisön laivanrakennusteoUisuudessa väheni 11 %. 
Euroopan aluekehitysrahaston toteuttama yhteisön ohjelma RENAVAL, jonka budjetti 
oli 300 milj. ecua, päättyi vuonna 1993. Tämä neuvoston vuonna 1988 aloittama ohjelma 
auttoi uudelleenjärjestelyissä 26:11a alueella niissä 9:ssä jäsenvaltiossa, joihin 
laivanrakennusteollisuuden uuudelleen organisointi vaikutti. 
\^-
Table of contents 
I. Introduction 
II. General economic background 
III. Shipping trends 
EV. Fleet trends 
V. Situation in the shipbuilding industry 
VI. International aspects 
VII. Internal policy 
VIII. Employment 
Annex Statistical data 
INTRODUCTION 
This report, issued pursuant to the Council Resolution of 19 September 1978, is aimed at 
providing an overview of the shipbuilding industry and market in 1993. 
The report sets out the main features of the year, namely : 
* a comparatively larger increase (+ 3,1 %) than in 1992 in the tonne-mile volume of 
seaborne trade, with a similar increase (+ 2,9 %) in world fleet tonnage; 
* continued steady growth in deliveries (in cgt) of new vessels, with an increase of 
about 2 %; 
* a fairly marked revival (+ 64,7 %) in the demand for new vessels, and a significant 
increase (+ 10 %) in order book volume. 
II- GENERAL ECONOMIC BACKGROUND 
In 1993, world economic activity remained depressed, with world GDP increasing as in 
the preceding year by only 1,6 % in real terms. This was largely the result of a recession 
in the Community, which experienced a decline of 0,3% in GDP, contrasting with a 
moderate expansion in the rest of the world (+ 2,3 %•). The differing European and world 
performances were essentially due to the recovery in the USA and to the substantial 
growth registered in the non-OECD countries, especially those of South-East Asia and 
Latin America. Japan and most of the other OECD countries, on the other hand, 
registered unsatisfactory growth figures. 
The divergence in the GDP performances is mirrored in the trade figures. The combined 
imports of the rest of the world increased by more than 8 % in real terms, while EU 
imports from the rest of the world declined by about 3 %. 
Economic recovery is currently under way in the Community. Buoyant exports and more 
dynamic investment are expected to produce a GDP expansion of 1,5% in 1994 and 
2,5% in 1995. The main factors underlying the more upbeat growth outlook are a 
favourable international economic environment, a further decline in short-term interest 
rates in the Community, a restoration of business and consumer confidence and benign 
household saving behaviour. 
Output outside the Community is expected to accelerate further to above 3 % in 1994 and 
around 3,5% in 1995. Economic activity should be expanding at a healthy 3% in 
industrialized countries outside the EU and even faster in developing countries, 
particularly the dynamic Asian economies, China and Latin America. Output growth is 
also expected to pick up in a number of Central and Eastern European countries, but 
continued adjustment problems are likely to weigh down on economic activity in the 
former Soviet Union. 
-3 
In line with these relatively buoyant growth prospects, imports into non-EU countries are 
expected to rise at a strong pace of some 8 % (in volume terms) per year up to the end of 
1995. The rapid expansion of world trade reflects the continuing strength of imports in 
North America, the dynamic Asian economies, China and Latin America. The growing 
trade of the Central and Eastern European countries (excluding the former USSR) reflects 
stronger integration with Western Europe. Overall, the expected growth of non-EU 
markets for Community exports of goods should amount to some 7 % (in volume terms) 
in both 1994 and 1.995. 
Hi SHIPPING TRENDS 
Seaborne trade has been on the increase since 1985, 
In tonne-miles the increase was 3,1 % on the t992 figure, giving a total of 18.800 bilHon 
tonne-miles. 
WORLD SEABORNE TRADE (1973-1993) 
5000 
-t 4see 
4 4000 
-i 3500 
3000 
1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 Est. 
1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 198S 1990 1992 
tonne-miles . tonnes 
Est. : Estimates 
Source : FEARNLEYS REVIEW 
Overall, liquid cargo increased by 5,1 %; 4,0 % in oil and 9,6 % in petroleum products. 
The trend for dry cargo goods was not so uniform : on the one hand, iron ore increased 
by 2,3 %, and, on the other hand, coal and grain fell by 2,3 % and 4,7 % respectively. 
Concerning other shipments for the year 1993, there was a growth of 4,1 %, which was 
1 % greater than that of 1992. 
-4 
As regards volume, the trend in seaborne trade continued in spite of a smaller increase 
(2,4 %) and reached 4,318 billion tonnes at the end of 1993 compared to the 4,215 billion 
tonnes of the previous year. 
WORLD SEABORNE TRADE (1973 -1993) 
15 h 
ti fl 10 
1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 Est 
1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 
I Oil and Oil Products HZI Other Cargo 
Est. : Estimates 
Source : FEARNLEYS REVIEW 
To a certain extent freight rates for petroleum products recovered from the poor 
performance in 1992. There were gains of about 40 % for VLCCs, 65 % for Suezmax 
and 60 % for Aframax tankers. 
Dry cargo ships had freight rates which, on average, were higher than those of the 
previous year. Nevertheless, after the favourable trend during the first half year, sluggish 
market activity led to a considerable reduction in rates towards the end of the year. 
-5-
IV. FLEET TRENDS 
At the end of 1993 the world fleet was 458 million gt, which represents an increase of 
2,9 % on the 1992 figure and confirms the upward trend started in 1989. 
This rise is largely due to new tankers and dry-cargo carriers completed in the course of 
the year and to the still low level of tonnage scrapped (10,2 million gt in 1993 and 
10,7 million gt in 1992). 
TONNAGE WITHDRAWN (1980 - 1992) 
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 
LAID UP ESS FOR STORAGE k BROKEN UP 
Tonnage LAID UP : Situation as at mid-December; Tonnage USED FOR STORAGE : Situation as at the end of December 
Tonnage BROKEN UP : Situation as at the end of the year 
Sources : Institute of Shipping Economics - Brensen; FEARNLEYS REVIEW - Oslo 
The average age of the world fleet rose from 17 years in 1992 to 18 years in 1993. 
In gross tonnage 18,7% of the fleet was at least 20 years old; 45,1 % of ships were 
between 10 and 19 years old and 17,4 % between 5 and 10 years old. 
The balance between supply and demand for tonnage continued to show signs of slight 
improvement which was clear in the case of tankers but to a much lesser extent in the 
case of dry-cargo carriers. 
The Community fleet grew by 2,3 % reaching 65 million gt; this was mainly due to the 
expansion of the Greek fleet (+ 13,2 %). 
-6-
In spite of this expansion the Community's share of the world fleet declined once again, 
albeit slightly, to 14,2 % at the end of the year. 
WORLD AND EUROPEAN UNION FLEETS (1980 - 1993) 
H .2 
o •—« —' 1 «- • • l_ •J » •—i IO% 25% 2 
O 
di 
O 
V 
M D w 
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1983 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 
—- EU _*_ WORLD 
Source : LLOYD'S REGISTER OF SHIPPING 
V. SITUATION IN THE SHIPBUILDING INDUSTRY 
A) Gçnçral ovçrviçw 
Production and new orders 
Whilst remaining higher than 12 million cgt, world production increased by only 
2,2% on the 1992 figure. This reflects, among other things, the fact that most 
shipyards are tending to consolidate the position they hold in the world market whilst 
continuing in their drive for investment, especially in technology aimed at 
strengthening and improving their productivity and international competitiveness 
(particular note should be taken of Japanese shipyards). 
7-
PRODUCTION - SHIPS COMPLETED (1976 -1993) 
1976 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 
_•_ EU —•— Japan _*_ Korea —•— World 
Source : "WORLD SHIPBUILDING DATABANK" based on data supplied by LLOYD'S MARITIME INFORMATION 
SERVICES 
Note : From 1980 on data for the EU includes production from Ex-GDR yards. 
As far as new orders are concerned, however, there was a definite upturn 
(+ 64,7 %) in 1993, which contrasts to the decline in 1991 and 1992 (16,7 % and 
26 % respectively) and the sluggishness of 1990. The increase in new orders was 
stimulated by a series of factors such as the constant ageing of the fleet (average 
18 years old), short-term prospects for a general economic upturn, more of a 
balance between supply and demand in shipping and, due to falling prices, a certain 
propensity on the part of shipowners to place orders; the fall in orders in 1992 led to 
a general price reduction of about 10 %. 
NEW ORDERS (1976 -1993) 
1976 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 
-m- EU —•_ Japan —*_ Korea _— World 
Source : "WORLD SHIPBUILDING DATABANK" based on data supplied by LLOYD'S MARITIME INFORMATION 
SERVICES 
Note : From 1980 on data for the EU includes new orders from Ex-GDR yards. 
This increase in new orders focused particularly on the tonnage of bulk and goods 
carriers. The demand for tankers, whilst being maintained, did not increase 
significantly. Shipbuilders' marked propensity for good carriers in 1992 could be 
partly explained by the fact that shipyards in the Far East - the "price leaders" for 
these types of ships - pursued a particularly agressive price policy at the beginning 
of the year. 
Order books 
Due to the increase in orders for new ships the world order book volume rose by 
almost 10 %. This tonnage should ensure, especially with respect to large 
shipyards, a work load equivalent to an average of 2 years of the production 
recorded in the year under consideration : more precisely, for Korea 2,6, the EU 2,1 
and Japan 1,3. These figures particularly highlight Korea's increasingly important 
role and position in the world. During 1993 Korea's market share, usually between 
about 13 and 15 %, exceeded 19 %. The Community experienced a slight increase 
(- 0,7 points) but did not suffer to the same extent as Japan (- 3,5 points) from the 
recent aggressive onslaught from the Korean shipyards. 
ORDER BOOK (1976 - 1993) 
1976 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 198S 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 
_•_ EU _«_ Japan _*_ Korea _»- World 
Source : "WORLD SHIPBUILDING DATABANK" based on data supplied by LLOYD'S MARITIME INFORMATION 
SERVICES 
Note : From 1980 on data for the EU includes order book from Ex-GDR yards. 
Shipbuilding prices 
Available reference prices concerning Japanese and Korean shipyards - given in 
US dollars - above all reveal a continued downward trend for tankers (between 9 % 
and 10 % as opposed to the 11-13 % of 1992). 
-9-
Cargo ships - the prices of which significantly decreased in 1992 and during the first 
months of 1993 - registered a slight improvement overall (between 3 and 6 % in 
terms of tonnage) on the previous year. 
It is clear that Korea has been the "price leader" for almost all tankers and bulk 
carriers. 
CONTRACT PRICES FOR ORDERS OF NEW VESSELS (1980 • 1993) 
1983 1980 1981 1982 
___ Tinker 30 000 DWT 
__»_ Ro-Ro 5 000 DWT 
Source : FEARNLEYS REVIEW 
Note : Japanese and Korean yards are used as basis. 1984 198S 1986 1987 1988 
+_ Tanker (Double Hull) 40 000 DWT 
*_U?G75O00in3 1989 1990 1991 
»—Bulk 120 000 DWT 
B) $itoat!Qn ft? tf?e Community, tâmn fifltf Korea 
The Community 
In the general context of the worldwide situation in the sector, the position in the 
Community industry was as follows : 
a reduction of 8,9 % in tonnage delivered. This tonnage nevertheless ensured 
a work load for all shipyards within the Union of about 80 % in relation to 
production capacity in these shipyards (3,0 million cgt according to the 
OECD); 
a more than substantial increase (66,1 %) in new orders. This figure is 
greater than the world average (64,1 %) and, although not comparable to that 
of Korea (238,4 %), does exceed that of Japan (43,2 %). In this respect, it is 
important to emphasize that in the course of the year the Union secured about 
51 % of orders for non-cargo ships and almost all of the additional tonnage 
ordered (see table nr. 8) compared with 1992; 
10-
an improvement in the tonnage registered in the order books of 6,6 %, against 
a world average of 10%, a reduction of 3,3% for Japan and the South 
Korean record of 59,4 %. Of this tonnage 53 %, which amounts to 
5,4 million cgt, should be delivered in 1994, 32,1 % in 1995 and the remainder 
in 1996 and 1997 (see table nr. 10). 
The market share of shipyards in the Union shows a slight reduction, particularly in 
production, but remains clearly above 20 % if one takes into account performance 
as a whole (new orders, order books). 
Japan 
This country seems to have suffered particularly badly from the effects of the 
constant increase in the value of its currency in relation to the US dollar and the 
particularly dynamic policy implemented by the Korean shipyards. To guard against 
the consequences of the increased value of the yen - which since the introduction of 
the floating exchange system in 1973 has more than tripled in value in comparison 
to the US dollar -, the shipyards in this country plan tö turn increasingly to external 
markets - notably Korea and Europe - to buy steel and necessary equipment in an 
attempt to reduce production costs as much as possible. 
In 1993 Japan saw its order books fall by 3,3 % on the previous year : it intends to 
maintain its position as "leader" at all cost and is increasingly basing its drive for 
success on finding the best technological use of its capacities. Its international 
focus is prompting it, among other things, to diversify its production towards 
openings for ships of greater added value with the ultimate aim of finding niches in 
which it can be a formidable competitor for the European shipyards. 
South Korea 
After its rather disappointing performance during 1992, the Korean industry, in a 
particularly aggressive way, has undoubtedly dominated the spectacular revival in 
new orders. It was responsible for almost 50% of the increase in the tonnage 
ordered worldwide (between 1992 and 1993) and recorded an increase of 238,4 % 
in its orders. 
The shipyards in this country have taken full advantage of changes in currency 
parities (the increase in the value of the yen and the fall in the value of the won 
against the US dollar) to become the international "price leaders" particularly with 
regard to tankers and bulk carriers. They have not, however, neglected other types 
of more specialized ships such as containers and car carriers. 
Taking world orders as a whole, between 1992 and 1993, this country's share of the 
market more than doubled (12,3 % and 25,3 % respectively). 
11 
After the expiry on 31 December 1993 of the national rationalization plan, the 
Koreans envisage a vast expansion in their production capacities which would allow 
them - as it did about fifteen years ago - to have almost as much production 
potential as Japan does at present. In several forums (notably the OECD) the 
Union and other large producer countries have emphasized the unrealistic character 
of such a "target-oriented" policy and the dangers of a new imbalance between 
supply and demand which can only lead to a new price war. 
VI. INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS 
Parallel to the internal policies, international efforts have been deployed since 1989 within 
the OECD framework to reach a multilateral agreement between the world's major 
shipbuilding nations on a rapid phasing-out of all direct and indirect public support 
measures to shipbuilding, ship conversion and ship repair and other obstacles to re­
establishing normal and fair competition conditions in the sector. The Commission was 
given its negotiating mandate by the Council in 1990, and agreement was reached on 
17 July 1994, meeting the main objectives of the European Union. The Agreement will 
entry into force on 1 January 1996, after signature, which is expected before the end of 
1995, and ratification by all participating countries. The EU has signed the Agreement on 
21 December 1994 after political approval by the Council. Other shipbuilding nations are 
invited to participate in this Agreement. 
This Agreement aims to eliminate all existing measures or practices which constitute 
obstacles to normal competitive conditions, namely direct and indirect support, anti­
competitive regulations and unfair practices. Home credit schemes were aligned with the 
terms and conditions of the Understanding on Export Credits and aid to Research and 
Development is subject to a specific discipline. Moreover, the Agreement establishes a 
new anti-dumping instrument, specific to ship transactions, i.e. the Injurious Pricing 
Instrument. Sanctions are provided for against shipbuilders entering in such practices. 
While the question of the level of capacity is not strictly covered by the scope of the 
Agreement, it is generally recognized by participating countries that any action that may 
lead to an increase in capacities not based on the realities of the market may result in the 
resurgence of a price war and proliferation of protectionist measures which of course are 
against the nature of the Agreement. In this context, the Commission, at the request of 
the industry and Member States, has insisted that all countries should refrain from 
increasing their shipbuilding capacity. Therefore, declaration on increases in capacities 
has been made on behalf of OECD Chairman, which was endorsed by all parties to the 
Agreement. 
-12-
VII. INTERNAL POLICY 
A) Maritime Industries Forum 
Launched in 1991, the Maritime Industries Forum has now achieved 3 years of 
intensive, constructive and valuable dialogue between all parties concerned. 
The Forum brings together all maritime industries (shipping, shipbuilding, marine 
equipment, ports, fisheries and related industries and services), trade unions, 
research institutes, Member States, the European Parliament and the Economic 
and Social Committee, representatives of Member States, the Nordic EFTA 
countries and the European Commission. 
After having presented reports to the Commission in 1992 and 1993 at the plenary 
sessions in Genoa and Athens, the Forum continued its work focusing on : 
Short-Sea Shipping; 
Marine Resources; 
Ship Financing; 
Electronic Data Interchange. 
On the basis of the work of panels created with respect to these different issues, the 
Forum presented a further report to the Commission at its plenary session on 
20-21 June 1994 in Rotterdam. 
At this meeting, it was decided to continue the work on these issues and to hold 
another plenary session in mid-1995. 
The Commission participated actively in the dialogue with the Forum. After having 
given a political evaluation on the Athens report (1),the Commission presented at 
the Rotterdam meeting a progress report on actions and initiatives taken relating to 
recommendations made by the Forum in the Genoa and Athens reports in order to 
create a basis for the continuation of a dynamic dialogue. 
(1) COM(93)526 final of 04.11.1993 : "Towards the implementation of a comprehensive approach for the maritime industries : 
the first tangible results". 
-13-
B) Research and development 
The 4th Framework Programme of Community activities in the field of research and 
technological development and demonstration (1994-1998) was adopted by the 
European Parliament and the Council on 26 April 1994 (2). Proposals for Council 
Decisions concerning the specific programmes implementing the 4th Framework 
Programme were submitted by the Commission on 30 March 1994 (3). The Council 
at its meeting of 27 June 1994 adopted the specific programmes on Industrial and 
Materials Technologies and on Communication Technologies. The remaining 
18 specific programmes have been adopted at the end of 1994. 
As compared with earlier Framework Programmes, many innovations have been 
introduced (transport, telematics, policy and optimisation strategies for short-sea 
shipping and inland waterways, technologies for surface transport means). 
In parallel with the formulation of the 4th Framework Programme, a series of 
interface meetings with representativas of the maritime industries were organized 
by the Commission. Valuable contributions, horizontally across the themes of the 
4th Framework Programme, were presented by industry, notably shipbuilders and 
the marine resources panel of the Maritime Industries Forum. 
C) Technical harmonization 
A Directive on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative 
provisions of the Member States relating to recreational craft was adopted by the 
European Parliament and the Council on 16 June 1994 (4). 
Informal consultations with Member States and industry on harmonization of the 
requirements for certain types of marine equipment and the uniform application of 
corresponding requirements set by the SOLAS and MARPOL International 
Conventions continued in 1993. The objective is to achieve equal high levels of 
safety and furthermore to ensure mutual recognition of approval tests within the 
Union. Because of the complexity of the issue, meetings are expected to continue 
in the coming year. In parallel the Commission has proposed a number of 
measures all having the enhancement of maritime safety and protection of the 
marine environment in common (Port State Control, Ship Inspection and Survey 
Organizations, Training for Maritime Occupations, Vessel Reporting System). 
(*) O.J. nr. L126 of 18.05.1994. 
(3) COM(94)68 final of 30.03.1994. 
(4) O.J. nr. L164 of 30.06.1994. 
-14 
VIII. EMPLOYMENT 
During 1993 employment in shipbuilding in the Community declined overall by 11 %. 
This figure applies to all Member States except the Netherlands. 
The United Kingdom was most affected by the reduction (- 20 %), followed by Germany 
(-14 %), Italy (-13 %), Denmark (-12 %) and Portugal (-11 %). As far as Germany is 
concerned the reduction in the number of jobs in the new "Länder" (former GDR) is 28 % 
whilst the old "Länder" have a reduction of only 4 %. 
Finally, the RENAVAL Community programme of the European Regional Development 
Fund, which disposed of a budget of 300 MECU, came to an end in 1993. Launched in 
1988 by the Council (5), the programme was successful in assisting with the conversion of 
26 regions in 9 Member States affected by the restructuring of the shipbuilding industry. 
By developing new economic activities, RENAVAL has contributed in particular to the 
creation of alternative employment opportunities in these regions. 
EMPLOYMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF NEW VESSELS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION 
1975 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 
Graphic compiled from national sources 
Notes : 1) Figures for Portugal and Spain included from 1985. 
2) Figures from Ex-GDR yards included from 1991. 
(b) Regulation (EEC) nr. 2506/88 of 26.07.1988. 
-15 

ANNEX 
STATISTICAL DATA 
-16" 

TABLE 1 - WORLD SEABORNE TRADE AND CARGO FLEET 
Est.: Estimates 
(*) As at the end of the year 
Source: FEARNLEYS REVIEW 1973 
1974 
1975 
1976 
1977 
1978 
1979 
1980 
1981 
1982 
1983 
1984 
1985 
1986 
1987 
1988 
1989 
1990 
1991 
1992 
1993 Est. OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS 
Seaborne trade 
'000 million 
tonne-miles 
10217 
10621 
9730 
11149 
11403 
10546 
10497 
9239 
8193 
6282 
5558 
5648 
5157 
5905 
6016 
6510 
7276 
7821 
8287 
8590 
9025 index 
'73=100 
100 
104 
95 
109 
112 
103 
103 
90 
80 
61 
54 
55 
50 
58 
59 
64 
71 
77 
81 
84 
88 Fleet 
million 
DWT 
234.3 
275.4 
313.0 
343.9 
356.1 
353.0 
350.9 
348.4 
342.9 
322.5 
301.4 
285.1 
257.1 
249.7 
245.8 
248.8 
255.6 
262.2 
270.9 
276.T 
279.8 (*) 
index 
'73 = 100 
100 
118 
134 
147 
152 
151 
150 
149 
146 
138 
129 
122 
110 
107 
105 
106 
109 
112 
116 
118 
119 OTHER CARGO 
Seaborne trade 
'000 million 
tonne-miles 
5187 
5766 
5666 
5929 
6086 
6407 
7058 
7415 
7523 
7269 
7078 
7836 
7929 
7951 
8284 
8789 
9109 
9300 
9586 
9638 
9775 index 
'73 = 100 
100 
111 
109 
114 
117 
124 
136 
143 
145 
140 
136 
151 
153 
153 
160 
169 
176 
179 
185 
186 
188 Fleet (*) 
million 
DWT 
205.6 
218.5 
230.7 
247.4 
268.5 
279.7 
287.0 
292.9 
305.8 
320.5 
331.0 
341.1 
348.2 
345.5 
342.2 
345.0 
353.6 
365.5 
372.0 
376.3 
382.1 index ;. 
'73 = 100 ! 
100j 
106; 
112; 
120 
131 
136 
140 
142 
149 
156; 
161 
166 
169 
168 
166! 
168! 
172 
178 
181 
183 
186 TOTAL 
Seaborne trade 
000 million 
tonne-miles 
15404 
16387 
15396 
17078 
17489 
16953 
17555 
16654 
15716 
13551 
12636 
13484 
13086 
13856 
14300 
15299 
16385 
17121 
17873 
18228 
18800 index 
'73 = 100 
100 
106 
100 
111 
114 
110 
114 
108 
102 
88 
82 
88 
85 
90 
93 
99 
106 
111 
116 
118 
122 Fleet (*) 
million 
DWT 
439.9 
493.9 
543.7 
591.3 
624.6 
632.7 
637.9 
641.3 
648.7 
643.0 
632.4 
626.2 
605.3 
595.2 
588.0 
593.8 
609.2 
627.7 
642.9 
652.4 
661.9 index 
•73=100 
100 
112 
124 
134 
142 
144 
145 
146 
147 
146 
144 
142 
138 
135 
134 
135 
138 
143 
146 
148 
150 
TABLE 2 - TONNAGE WITHDRAWN 
Oo 
\ TONNAGE 
as at mid 
December 
1980 
1981 
1982 
1983 
1984 
1985 
1986 
1987 
! 1988 
1989 
1990 
1991 
1992 
1993 number 
of ships 
237 
297 
1247 
1409 
1060 
884 
633 
390 
276 
200 
164 
191 
273 
227 LAID UP 
million 
GT 
5.1 
11.3 
38.8 
40.9 
31.9 
25.9 
12.2 
8.5 
4.5 
2.6 
2.4 
2.7 
5.3 
3.6 million 
DWT 
8.9 
20.9 
73.8 
77.6 
59.6 
48.6 
21.5 
14.6 
7.0 
4.0 
3.9 
4.3 
9.4 
5.8 TONNAGE BROKEN UP 
during 
1980 
1981 
1982 
1983 
1984 
1985 
1986 
1987 
1988 
1989 
1990 
1991 
1992 
1993 number 
of ships 
887 
824 
1081 
1323 
1500 
1722 
1576 
1094 
812 
512 
479 
445 
603 
547 million 
GT 
9.2 
9.8 
18.1 
20.3 
19.7 
26.3 
20.9 
12.9 
6.1 
4.0 
3.3 
5.0 
10.7 
10.2 million 
DWT 
15.9 
17.5 
32.2 
36.9 
34.8 
47.8 
36.2 
22.0 
9.9 
6.6 
5.3 
8.4 
19.8 
19.3 TONNAGE FOR STORAGE 
as at the end 
of December 
1980 
1981 
1982 
1983 
1984 
1985 
1986 
1987 
1988 
1989 
1990 
1991 
1992 
1993 million 
DWT 
12.9 
20.8 
13.1 
10.6 
10.5 
9.6 
14.6 
11.9 
10.4 
7.9 
12.4 
6.1 
5.2 
5.9 
Sources: Institute of Shipping Economics - Bremen; Fearnleys Review - Oslo 
TABLE 3 - WORLD AND COMMUNITY FLEETS 
MEMBER STATES' FLEETS BY FLAG 'OOP GT 
I As at the 31 Decemb Existing fleet: I As at the 1 July 
-0 
t BELGIUM 
DENMARK 
FRANCE 
GERMANY 
GREECE 
IRELAND 
ITALY 
LUXEMBOURG 
NETHERLANDS 
PORTUGAL 
SPAIN 
UNITED KINGDOM 
TOTAL EC 1980 
1810 
5390 
11925 
8356 
39472 
209 
11096 
5724 
1356 
8112 
27135 
T20T8T 1981 
1917 
5048 
11455 
7708 
42005 
268 
10641 
5468 
1377 
8134 
25419 
119440 1982 
2271 
5214 
10771 
7707 
40035 
239 
10375 
5393 
1402 
8131 
22505 
114043 1983 
2274 
5115 
9888 
6897 
37478 
223 
10015 
4940 
1338 
7505 
19122 
104795 1984 
2407 
5211 
8945 
6242 
35059 
221 
9158 
4586 
1571 
7005 
15874 
96279 1985 
2400 
4942 
8237 
6177 
31032 
194 
8843 
4301 
1437 
6256 
14344 
88163 1986 
2420 
4651 
5936 
5565 
28391 
149 
7897 
4324 
1114 
5422 
11567 
77436 1987 
2268 
4873 
5371 
4318 
23560 
154 
7817 
3908 
1048 
4949 
8505 
66771 1988 
2118 
4502 
4506 
3917 
21979 
173 
7794 
2 
3726 
989 
4415 
8260 
62381 1989 
2044 
4963 
4413 
3967 
21324 
167 
7009 
4 
3655 
726 
3962 
7646 
59880 1990 
1955 
5188 
3832 
4301 
20522 
181 
7991 
3 
3785 
854 
3807 
6716 
59135 1991 
314 
5871 
3988 
5971 
22753 
195 
8122 
1703 
3872 
691 
3617 
6611 
63908 1992 
241 
5436 
4022 
5360 
25739 
199 
7513 
1656 
4187 
975 
2643 
5712 
63683 1993 
651601 
teWQRLD FLEET 1 4l9§11 I 420635"t 4247421 4225901 4186821 4161691 4049101 4034981 4Ö34Ö61 410461 i 4236271 4360271 4451681 4579Ï5Î 
ll% EC /World I 28.7%l 28.4%l 26.8%l 24.8% I 23.0%1 21.2%l 19.1%l 16.5%l 15.5%l 14.6%l 14.0% I 14.7%i 14.3%1 14.2%[ 
Source: Lloyd's Register of Shipping 
TABLE 4 • CONTRACT PRICE? FOR PAPERS Qf NiW yafiitf 
TYPE sur TANKER 
TANKER 
TANKER 
TANKER 
TANKER 
TANKER (Double 
TANKER (Double 
TANKER (Double 
TANKER (Double 
OBO 
BULK CARRIER 
BULK CARRIER 
BULK CARRIER 
BULK CARRIER 
RO-RO 
LNG CARRIER 
LPG CARRIER 
LPG CARRIER 
LPG CARRIER 
LPG CARRIER 30 000 DWT 
80 000 DWT 
130 000 DW 
250 000 DW 
400 000 DW 
Hu«) 40 000 DWT 
Hull) 95 000 DWT 
HuH) 130 OOODWT 
Hull) 280 000 DW 
96 000 DWT 
27 000 DWT 
38 000 DWT 
60 000 DWT 
120 000 DW 
5 000 DWT 
125 000 m3 
3 OOO m3 
12 000 m3 
24 OOO m3 
75 000 m3 
N Source: FEARNLEYS REVIEW 
O Notes: - Prices in million US $ at the end of the year 
I - Japanese and Korean yards are used as basis 
TABLE 5 A - PRODUCTION - SHIPS COMPLETED 
FIGURES AT THE END OF THE YEAR 1000 CGT 
1976 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1983 
EU 
(1) BELGIUM 
DENMARK 
FRANCE 
GERMANY 
GREECE 
IRELAND 
ITALY 
NETHERLANDS 
PORTUGAL 
SPAIN 
UNITED KINGDOM 139.8 
560.6 
672.4 
1468.0 
N/A 
20.3 
353.9 
940.0 
53.0 
734.0 
985.1 129.6 
382.4 
267.8 
672.8 
12.8 
3.0 
345.5 
249.5 
35.3 
441.4 
458.6 95.5 
343.8 
443.3 
1270.3 
5.2 
17.0 
359.2 
341.6 
6.4 
556.8 
243.2 83.0 
329.2 
353.3 
1181.5 
61.8 
0.0 
156.2 
390.0 
31.2 
587.4 
394.0 173.2 
338.5 
356.8 
1267.8 
35.7 
19.2 
217.0 
415.8 
124.7 
488.7 
319.3 102.3 
355.4 
357.2 
1164.7 
39.8 
0.0 
182.3 
259.3 
18.5 
345.9 
305.3 124.4 
444.0 
164.1 
1143.2 
43.8 
0.0 
123.8 
310.2 
40.3 
400.3 
164.4 45.0 
350.7 
145.0 
1067.0 
24.7 
0.0 
60.9 
262.8 
61.0 
229.8 
141.5 25.9 
194.4 
207.9 
764.7 
6.6 
0.0 
224.8 
146.2 
26.3 
328.4 
162.3 46.8 
277.2 
63.2 
885.0 
12.3 
0.0 
119.9 
153.1 
23.0 
326.4 
113.2 35.5 
287.0 
198.8 
846.5 
12.5 
0.0 
284.5 
171.9 
46.3 
306.0 
157.3 71.7 
305.5 
114.0 
1001.6 
45.5 
0.0 
327.6 
263.5 
64.6 
364.8 
144.6 21.8 
350.9 
171.1 
810.1 
6.3 
0.0 
423.9 
357.0 
38.5 
301.2 
170.5 97.6 
414.5 
182.4 
958.3 
0.0 
0.0 
289.2 
270.9 
64.4 
428.3 
139.5 5.0 
354.3 
65.0 
853.0 
6.6 
0.0 
496.3 
236.0 
62.3 
364.7 
148.4 
TOTAL EU 5927.1 2998.7 3682.3 3567.6 3756.7 3130.7 2958.5 2388.4 2087.5 2020.1 2346.3 2703.4 2651.3 2845.1 2591.6 
kx OTHER FINLAND 
AWES NORWAY 
SWEDEN N/A 
N/A 
N/A 371.9 
323.7 
334.5 407.5 
342.1 
421.0 440.6 
447.8 
253.2 503.3 
278.3 
293.8 419.1 
175.9 
179.8 282.9 
222.1 
127.4 260.4 
162.8 
115.5 145.3 
181.3 
123.0 262.7 
155.2 
72.1 321.2 
79.4 
34.4 379.0 
157.9 
45.1 211.6 
248.6 
46.3 2".0.2 
311.4 
32.4 191.0 
203.4 
24.3 
TOTAL AWES 8285.8 4028.8 4852.9 4709.2 4832.1 3905.5 3590.9 2927.1 2537.1 2510.1 2781.3 3285.4 3157.8 3399.1 3010.3 
JAPAN 8348.8 5207.2 5580.9 5811.1 4908.2 6951.1 6498.4 5085.4 3795.3 2952.7 3664.1 4456.0. 4417.4 4379.3 4853.8 
KOREA 349.4 445.7 512.2 880.3 985.5 1014.9 1633.3 1971.4 1193.5 1504.7 1389.2 1564.2 1729.5 .1995.0 1835.3 
CHINA 
POLAND 
ROMANIA 
BULGARIA 
USSR 
RUSSIA 
UKRAINE 
YUGOSLAVIA 
CROATIA N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A N/A 
497.7 
N/A 
N/A 
424.8 
170.6 27.9 
346.4 
N/A 
N/A 
599.9 
224.8 104.5 
369.5 
N/A 
N/A 
504.2 
220.5 170.4 
277.1 
N/A 
N/A 
475.3 
217.0 297.8 
382 4 
N/A 
N/A 
689.5 
237.2 172.4 
357.5 
N/A 
N/A 
274.2 
281.4 214.6 
340.0 
N/A 
N/A 
170.4 
188.4 207.3 
300.0 
N/A 
N/A 
44.3 
3.0 253.1 
344.0 
N/A 
N/A 
56.0 
230.5 230.0 
237.9 
N/A 
N/A 
226.7 
327.7 303.5 
176.6 
N/A 
N/A 
481.9 
293.4 255.4 
223.0 
126.4 
71.0 
365.0 
239.7 282.1 
305.8 
146.6 
61.6 
21.9 
118.6 
20.7 
238.1 445.9 
263.5 
72.1 
70.6 
156.0 
153.0 
104.0 
REST OF WORLD 5094.2 1860.4 1696.0 1988.5 1686.7 1519.7 1360.5 1241.8 1164.5 747.3 1024.2 1095.3 940.9 1149.6 1415.2 
TOTAL WORLD 22078.2 12635.2 13841.0 14587.8 13552.3 14998.1 14168.6 12139.1 9245.0 8598.4 9881.1 11656.3 11526.1 12l1b.4 12,3/9./ 
Source: "WORLD SHIPBUILDING DATABANK" based on data supplied by LLOYD'S MARITIME INFORMATION SERVICES 
(1) From 1980 on data includes production from Ex-GDR yards 
TABLE 5 B • PRODUCTION - SHIPS COMPLETED 
FIGURES AT THE END OF THE YEAR MARKET SHARES 
1976 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 "Ï1J9T 1993 
EU 
<1| BELGIUM 
DENMARK 
FRANCE 
GERMANY 
GREECE 
IRELAND 
ITALY 
NETHERLANDS 
PORTUGAL 
SPAIN 
UNITED KINGDOM 0.6% 
2.5% 
3.0% 
6.6% 
N/A 
0.1% 
1.6% 
4.3% 
0.2% 
3.3% 
4.5% 1.0% 
3.0% 
2.1% 
5.3% 
0.1% 
0.0% 
2.7% 
2.0% 
0.3% 
3.5% 
3.6% 0.7%. 
2.5% 
3.2% 
9.2% 
0.0% 
0.1% 
2.6% 
2.5% 
0.0% 
4.0% 
1.8% 0.6% 
2.3% 
2.4% 
8.1% 
0.4% 
0.0% 
1.1% 
2.7% 
0.2% 
4.0% 
2.7% 1.3% 
2.5% 
2.6% 
9.4% 
0.3% 
0.1% 
1.6% 
3.1% 
0.9% 
3.6% 
2.4% 0.7% 
2.4% 
2.4% 
7.8% 
0.3% 
0.0% 
1.2% 
1.7% 
0.1% 
2.3% 
2.0% 0.9% 
3.1% 
1.2% 
8.1% 
0.3% 
0.0% 
0.9% 
2.2% 
0.3% 
2.8% 
1.2% 0.4% 
2.9% 
1.2% 
8.8% 
0.2% 
0.0% 
0.5% 
2.2% 
0.5% 
1.9% 
1.2% 0.3% 
2.1% 
2.2% 
8.3% 
0.1% 
0.0% 
2.4% 
1.6% 
0.3% 
3.6% 
1.8% 0.5% 
3.2% 
0.7% 
10.3% 
0.1% 
0.0% 
1.4% 
1.8% 
0.3% 
3.8% 
1.3% 0.4% 
2.9% 
2.0% 
8.6% 
0.1% 
0.0% 
2.9% 
1.7% 
0.5% 
3.1% 
1.6% 0.6% 
2.6% 
1.0% 
8.6% 
0.4% 
0.0% 
2.8% 
2.3% 
0.6% 
3.1% 
1.2% 0.2% 
3.0% 
1.5% 
7.0% 
0.1% 
0.0% 
3.7% 
3.1% 
0.3% 
2.6% 
1.5% 0.8% 
3.4% 
1.5% 
7.9% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
2.4% 
2.2% 
0.5% 
3.5% 
1.2% 0.0% 
2.9% 
0.5% 
6.9% 
0.1% 
0.0% 
4.0% 
1.9% 
0.5% 
2.9% 
1.2% 
TOTAL EU 26.8% 23.7% 26.6% 24.5% 27.7% 20.9% 20.9% 19.7% 22.6% 23.5% 23.7% 23.2% 23.0% 23.5% 20.9% 
fc OTHER FINLAND 
AWES NORWAY 
SWEDEN N/A 
N/A 
N/A 2.9% 
2.6% 
2.6% 2.9% 
2.5% 
3.0% 2.0% 
3.1% 
1.7% 3.7% 
2.1% 
2.2% 2.8% 
1.2% 
1.2% 2.0% 
1.6% 
0.9% 2.1% 
1.3% 
1.0% 1.6% 
2.0% 
1.3% 3.1% 
1.8% 
0.8% 3.3% 
0.8% 
0.3% 3.3% 
1.4% 
0.4% 1.8% 
2.2% 
0.4% 1.7% 
2.6% 
0.3% 1.5% 
1.6% 
0.2% 
TOTAL AWES 37.5% 31.9% 35.1% 32.3% 35.7% 26.0% 25.3% 24.1% 27.4% 29.2% 28.1% 28.2% 27.4% 28.0% 24.3% 
JAPAN 37.8% 41.2% 40.3% 39.8% 36.2% 46.3% 45.9% 41.9% 41.1% 34,3% 37.1% 38.2% 38.3% 36.1% 39.2% 
KOREA 1.6% 3.5% 3.7% 6.0% 7.3% 6.8% 11.5% 16.2% 12.9% 17.5% 14.1% 13.4% 15.0% 16.5% 14.8% 
CHINA 
POLAND 
ROMANIA 
BULGARIA 
USSR 
RUSSIA 
UKRAINE 
YUGOSLAVIA 
CROATIA N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A N/A 
3.9% 
N/A 
N/A 
3.4% 
1.4% 0.2% 
2.5% 
N/A 
N/A 
4.3% 
1.6% 0.7% 
2.5% 
N/A 
N/A 
3.5% 
1.5% 1.3% 
2.0% 
N/A 
N/A 
3.5% 
1.6% 2.0% 
2.5% 
N/A 
N/A 
4.6% 
1.6% 1.2% 
2.5% 
N/A 
N/A 
1.9% 
2.0% 1.8% 
2.8% 
N/A 
N/A 
1.4% 
1.6% 2.2% 
3.2% 
N/A 
N/A 
0.5% 
0.0% 2.9% 
4.0% 
N/A 
N/A 
0.7% 
2.7% 2.3% 
2.4% 
N/A 
N/A 
2.3% 
3.3% 2.6% 
1.5% 
N/A 
N/A 
4.1% 
2.5% 2.2% 
1.9% 
1.1% 
0.6% 
3.2% 
2.1% 2.3% 
2.5% 
1.2% 
0.5% 
0.2% 
1.0% 
0.2% 
2.0% 3.6% 
2.1% 
0.6% 
0.6% 
1.3% 
1.2% 
0.8% 
REST OF WORLD 23.1% 14.7% 12.3% 13.6% 12.4% 10.1% 9.6% 10.2% 12.6% 8.7% 10.4% 9.4% 8.2% 9.5% 11.4% 
TOTAL WORLD 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 
Source: "WORLD SHIPBUILDING DATABANK" based on data supplied by LLOYD'S MARITIME INFORMATION SERVICES 
(1) From 1980 on data includes production from Ex-GDR yards 
TABLE 6 A - NEW QRPERS 
FIGURES AT THE END OF THE YEAR 1000 CGT 
1976 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 
EU 
(1) BELGIUM 
DENMARK 
FRANCE 
GERMANY 
GREECE 
IRELAND 
ITALY 
NETHERLANDS 
PORTUGAL 
SPAIN 
UNITED KINGDOM 75.0 
317.1 
63.6 
726.1 
N/A 
19.2 
301.5 
626.4 
73.0 
297.0 
627.6 53.8 
284.6 
556.4 
613.0 
82.4 
1.3 
231.2 
373.3 
30.7 
737.5 
350.2 81.4 
296.6 
333.0 
1249.9 
4.5 
18.2 
144.7 
365.2 
55.5 
675.2* 
410.8 43.3 
250.6 
175.9 
1239.9 
10.3 
1.3 
243.2 
309.0 
27.8 
323.9 
301.5 58.7 
428.9 
136.4 
1236.9 
4.6 
0.0 
57.1 
237.3 
36.0 
222.1 
150.4 69.5 
405.2 
106.5 
1072.9 
7.4 
0.0 
68.2 
248.4 
30.6 
92.2 
107.6 26.8 
86.0 
262.5 
1228.2 
29.4 
0.0 
257.4 
269.8 
1.2 
197.6 
224.4 43.2 
305.9 
132.4 
1297.1 
5.1 
0.0 
229.0 
137.0 
29.5 
258.5 
112.0 34.0 
219.2 
60.5 
872.4 
6.5 
0.0 
408.7 
91.9 
78.1 
421.7 
116.5 52.0 
205.3 
204.6 
877.6 
6.1 
0.0 
172.3 
356.2 
33.1 
453.8 
124.2 101.7 
192.4 
165.9 
1400.6 
5.0 
0.0 
564.8 
236.3 
69.6 
274.1 
209.2 71.4 
596 4 
136.2 
875.6 
0.8 
o:o 
413.1 
277.1 
79.6 
487.8 
205.1 75.1 
265 9 
327.9 
559.1 
8.9 
0.0 
380.5 
296.7 
8.3 
74.8 
172.6 14.0 
246.6 
35.0 
858.9 
8.7 
0.0 
134.9 
211.0 
1.5 
127.5 
119.8 18.4 
390 4 
226.6 
1029.0 
7.2 
0.0 
511.2 
305.2 
5.7 
359.9 
65.5 
TOTAL EU 3126.5 3314.4 3635.0 2926.7 2568.4 2208.5 2583.3 2549.7 2309.5 2485.2 3219.6 3143.1 2169.8 1757.9 2919.1 
I» OTHER FINLAND 
AWES NORWAY 
SWEDEN N/A 
N A 
N/A 523.9 
381 6 
205.4 502.5 
408 7 
359.3 221 1 
156.4 
184.5 135.4 
108.8 
278.4 389.5 
208.2 
34.0 158.0 
129.9 
16.1 202.2 
136.4 
59.2 637.7 
139.2 
71.4 108.0 
112.1 
13.2 63.0 
398.8 
110.1 256.7 
190 9 
3.8 139.4 
118.1 
4.3 178.7 
165.0 
23.5 515.1 
251.8 
1.0 
TOTAL AWES 4659.5 4425.3 4905.5 3488.7 3091.0 2840.2 2887.3 2947.5 3157.8 2718.5 3791.5 3594.5 2431.6 2125.1 3687.01 
JAPAN 7337.5 6708.3 5823.1 4859.4 7389.1 6040.0 4440.0 3431.6 3120.5 3360.7 5879.7 6116.4 4433.0 3268.3 4681.4 
KOREA 325.4 939.3 893.3 1001.5 2147.1 1180.9 806.5 1352.4 1942.6 1203.0 1671.4 2169.2 2278.1 1085.3 3672.6 
CHINA 
POLAND 
ROMANIA 
BULGARIA 
USSR 
RUSSIA 
UKRAINE 
YUGOSLAVIA 
CROATIA N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A N/A 
208.4 
N/A 
N/A 
12.1 
242.3 233.0 
146 0 
N/A 
N/A 
24.0 
76 8 119.6 
133.3 
N/A 
N/A 
68.4 
320.0 285.9 
489.8 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
123.8 179.9 
417.1 
N/A 
N/A 
2.9 
75.0 204.0 
270.3 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
329.6 321.5 
321.4 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
447.3 263.8 
302.6 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
130.8 330.6 
218.4 
N/A 
N/A 
92.6 
306.9 258.5 
209.5 
N/A 
N/A 
214.1 
478.5 387.4 
218.4 
N/A 
N/A 
209.1 
322.6 429.7 
295.9 
550.4 
109.9 
83.6 
127.4 585.0 
434.5 
57.0 
45.8 
254.6 
105.9 
129.0 436.5 
191.2 
149.6 
41.5 
358.3 
290.5 
153.4 
REST OF WORLD 3659.9 1822.0 1951.4 1542.3 1323.4 1041.7 1383.7 660.4 822.0 895.2 1061.1 1285.9 1175.4 729.6 864.0 
TOTAL WORLD 15982.3 14357.7 14053 1 11533.2 14850.1 11777.7 10321.4 9482.1 9740.1 9125.9 13564.3 14303.5 11915.0 8820.1 14526.0 
Source: "WORLD SHIPBUILDING DATABANK" based on data supplied by LLOYD'S MARITIME INFORMATION StKViCtS 
(1) From 1980 on data includes new orders from Ex-GDR yards 
TABLE 6 B • NFW ORDFRS 
FIGURES AT THE END OF THE YEAR MARKET SHARES 
1976 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 
EU 
(1) BELGIUM 
DENMARK 
FRANCE 
GERMANY 
GREECE 
IRELAND 
ITALY 
NETHERLANDS 
PORTUGAL 
SPAIN 
UNITED KINGDOM 0.5% 
2.0% 
0.4% 
4.5% 
N/A 
0.1% 
1.9% 
3.9% 
0.5% 
1.9% 
3.9% 0.4% 
2.0% 
3.9% 
4.3% 
0.6% 
0.0% 
1.6% 
2.6% 
0.2% 
5.1% 
2.4% 0.6% 
2.1% 
2.4% 
8.9% 
0.0% 
0.1% 
1.0% 
2.6% 
0.4% 
4.8% 
2.9% 0.4% 
2.2% 
1.5% 
10.8% 
0.1% 
0.0% 
2.1% 
2.7% 
0.2% 
2.8% 
2.6% 0.4% 
2.9% 
0.9% 
8.3% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
0.4% 
1.6% 
0.2% 
1.5% 
1.0% 0.6% 
3.4% 
0.9% 
9.1% 
0.1% 
0.0% 
0.6% 
2.1% 
0.3% 
0.8% 
0.9% 0.3% 
0.8% 
2.5% 
11.9% 
0.3% 
0.0% 
2.5% 
2.6% 
0.0% 
1.9% 
2.2% 0.5% 
3.2% 
1.4% 
13.7% 
0.1% 
0.0% 
2.4% 
1.4% 
0.3% 
2.7% 
1.2% 0.3% 
2.3% 
0.6% 
9.0% 
0.1% 
0.0% 
4.2% 
0.9% 
0.8% 
4.3% 
1.2% 0.6% 
2.2% 
2.2% 
9.6% 
0.1% 
0.0% 
1.9% 
3.9% 
0.4% 
5.0% 
1.4% 0.7% 
1.4% 
1.2% 
10.3% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
4.2% 
1.7% 
0.5% 
2.0% 
1.5% 0.5% 
4.2% 
1.0% 
6.1% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
2.9% 
1.9% 
0.6% 
3.4% 
1.4% 0.6% 
2.2% 
2.8% 
4.7% 
0.1% 
0.0% 
3.2% 
2.5% 
0.1% 
0.6% 
1.4% 0.2% 
2.8<* 
0.4% 
9.7% 
0.1% 
0.0% 
1.5% 
2.4% 
0.0% 
1.4% 
1.4% 0.1% 
2.7% 
1.6% 
7.1% 
0.0% 
0.0% 
3.5% 
2.1% 
0.0% 
2.5% 
0.5% 
TOTAL EU 19.6% 23.1% 25.9% 25.4% 17.3% 18.8% 25.0% 26.9% 23.7% 27.2% 23.7% 22.0% 18.2% 19.9% 20.1% 
-F OTHER FINLAND 
AWES NORWAY 
SWEDEN N/A 
N/A 
N/A 3.6% 
2.7% 
1.4% 3.6% 
2.9% 
2.6% 1.9% 
1.4% 
1.6% 0.9% 
0.7% 
1.9% 3.3% 
1.8% 
0.3% 1.5% 
1.3% 
0.2% 2.1% 
1.4% 
0.6% 6.5% 
1.4% 
0.7% 1.2% 
1.2% 
0.1% 0.5% 
2.9% 
0.8% 1.8% 
1.3% 
0.0% 1.2% 
1.0% 
0.0% 2.0% 
1.9% 
0.3% 3.5% 
1.7% 
0.0% 
TOTAL AWES 29.2% 30.8% 34.9% 30.2% 20.8% 24.1% 28.0% 31.1% 32.4% 29.8% 28.0% 25.1% 20.4% 24.1% 25.4% 
JAPAN 45.9% 46.7% 41.4% 42.1% 49.8% 51.3% 43.0% 36.2% 32.0% 36.8% 43.3% 42.8% 37.2% 37.1% 32.2% 
KOREA 2.0% 6.5% 6.4% 8.7% 14.5% 10.0% 7.8% 14.3% 19.9% 13.2% 12.3% 15.2% 19.1% 12.3% 25.3% 
CHINA 
POLAND 
ROMANIA 
BULGARIA 
USSR 
RUSSIA 
UKRAINE 
YUGOSLAVIA 
CROATIA N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A N/A 
1.5% 
N/A 
N/A 
0.1% 
1.7% 1.7%. 
1.0% 
N/A 
N/A 
0.2% 
0.5% 1.0% 
1.2% 
N/A 
N/A 
0.6% 
2.8% 1.9 % 
3.3% 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
0.8% 1.5% 
3.5% 
N/A 
N/A 
0.0% 2.0% 
2.6% 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 3.4% 
3.4% 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 2.7% 
3.1% 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
0.6% 3.2% 4.7% 1.3% 3.6% 
2.4% 
N/A 
N/A 
1.0% 
3.4% 1.9% 
1.5% 
N/A 
N/A 
1.6% 
3.5% 2.7% 
1.5% 
N/A 
N/A 
1.5% 
2.3% 3.6% 
2.5% 
4.6% 
0.9% 
0.7% 
1.1% 6.6% 
4.9% 
0.6% 
0.5% 
2.9% 
1.2% 
1.5% 3.0% 
1.3% 
1.0% 
0.3% 
2.5% 
2.0% 
1.1% 
REST OF WORLD 22.9% 12.7% 13.9% 13.4% 8.9% 8.8% 13.4% 7.0% 8.4% 9.8% 7.8% 9.0% 9.9% 8.3% 5.9% 
TOTAL WORLD 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 
Source: "WORLD SHIPBUILDING DATABANK" based on data supplied by LLOYD'S MARITIME INFORMATION SERVICES 
(1) From 1980 on data includes new orders from Ex-GDR yards 
TABLE 7 - BREAKDOWN OF ORDERS BY FLAG 
ORDERS PLACED FOR REGISTRATION UNDER THE FLAG OF A MEMBER STATE 
With shipyard in: A - national 
B - other EU countries 
C - third countries 
% of total 
TOTAL in million CGT 1976 
A 
64 B 
5 C 
31 
3.0 1982 
A 
77 B 
1 C 
22 
1.9 1984 
A 
64 B 
4 C 
32 
2.0 1986 
A 
77 B 
7 C 
16 
1.3 1988 
A 
80 B 
6 C 
15 
1.2 1989 
A 
54 B 
4 C 
42 
2.1 A 
60 1990 
B 
9 C 
31 
2.2 1991 
A 
58 B 
12 C 
30 
1.8 1992 
A 
45 B 
12 C 
43 
1.4 1993 
A 
48 B 
6 C 
46 
2.4 
IORDERS RECEIVED BY COMMUNITY SHIPYARDS 
I 
IFrom shipowner in A - national 
B - other EU countries 
C - third countries 
% of total 
ITOTAL in million CGT 1976 
A 
70 B 
5 C 
25 
2.8 1982 
A 
73 B 
1 C 
26 
2.0 1984 
A 
79 B 
5 C 
17 
1.7 1986 
A 
63 B 
6 C 
31 
1.6 1988 
A 
44 B 
3 C 
53 
2.3 1989 
A 
41 B 
3 C 
56 
2.8 1990 
A 
41 B 
6 C 
53 
3.1 A 
47 1991 
B 
9 C 
44 
2.2 1992 
A 
36 B 
10 C 
54 
1.8 1993 
A 
40 B 
5 C 
55 
2.9 
Source: WORLD SHIPBUILDING DATABANK based on data supplied by LLOYD'S MARITIME INFORMATION SERVICES 
Remarks: 1976 - EU excluding Greece; from 1986 - EU including Portugal and Spain; from 1990 EU including Ex-GDR 
TABLE 8 - TREND OF NEW ORDERS BY TYPE OF VESSEL 
fe1 1977 WORLD 
EU 
1978 WORLD 
EU 
1979 WORLD 
EU 
1980 WORLD 
EU 
1981 WORLD 
EU 
1982 WORLD 
EU 
1983 WORLD 
EU 
1984 WORLD 
EU 
1985 WORLD 
EU 
1985 WORLD 
EU 
1986 WORLD 
EU 
1987 WORLD 
EU 
1988 WORLD 
EU 
1989 WORLD 
EU 
1990 WORLD 
EU 
1991 WORLD 
EU 
1992 WORLD 
EU 
1993 WORLD 
EU OIL TANKERS 
"000 CGT 
790.6 
30.9 
1185.4 
56.2 
3364.8 
168.1 
2960.2 
273.7 
1166.7 
75.1 
662.6 
70.3 
1682.1 
92.3 
1176.2 
179.3 
470.1 
15.3 
575.4 
18.0 
1199.7 
0.0 
1404.6 
107.5 
781.8 
116.7 
1943.6 
219.9 
4127.9 
542.6 
1917.9 
215.3 
1209.4 
236.0 
1600.6 
112.5 % 
3.9 
4.7 
5.0 
9.2 
6.4 
10.6 
5.5 
15.2 
3.3 
3.1 
0.0 
7.7 
14.9 
11.3 
13.1 
11.2 
19.5 
7.0 BULK CARRIERS 
•000 CGT I % 
1783.2 
75.1 
534.6 
23.6 
2744.9 
466.5 
4325.3 
425.9 
4934.9 
487.9 
2335.3 
197.5 
5370.3 
110.7 
3890.6 
165.6 
3918.4 
152.8 
2454.5 
154.9 
1296.0 
108.0 
1033.2 
45.3 
2164.5 
0.0 
2483.1 
70.8 
1639.0 
207.0 
2218.0 
207.5 
1761.3 
0.0 
3859.6 
232.7 4.2 
4.4 
17.0 
9.8 
9.9 
8.5 
2.1 
4.3 
3.9 
6.3 
8.3 
4.4 
0.0 
2.9 
12.6 
9.4 
0.0 
6.0 CARGO SHIPS 
'000 CGT 
8497.3 
1764.4 
6163.8 
1341.3 
5148.4 
1172.6 
4780.1 
1023.4 
4967.9 
1342.7 
5679.9 
1093.2 
5910.8 
1039.9 
4742.2 
944.2 
5299.9 
1029.7 
5138.8 
1033.5 
4208.4 
768.6 
4899.7 
1128.1 
3985.6 
1095.5 
6798.4 
1454.3 
6530.2 
1541.0 
6507.9 
1387.4 
4313.9 
923.0 
7022.9 
1534.1 % 
20.8 
21.8 
22.8 
21.4 
27.0 
19.2 
17.6 
19.9 
19.4 
20.1 
18.3 
23.0 
27.5 
21.4 
23.6 
21.3 
21.4 
21.8 ^ON CARGO VESSELS 
'000 CGT 
2969.8 
670.5 
1912.7 
591.5 
2949.8 
747.6 
2291.9 
740.8 
2433.0 
606.4 
2135.4 
628.0 
1886.9 
380.9 
1956.8 
448.8 
2089.2 
459.3 
2152.4 
769.6 
2778.0 
704.7 
2402.7 
690.1 
2194.0 
1048.1 
2339.3 
1008.8 
2006.5 
852.0 
1271.3 
359.8 
1535.7 
599.1 
2043.1 
1039.9 % 
22.6 
30.9 
25.3 
32.3 
24.9 
29.4 
20.2 
22.9 
22.0 
35.8 
25.4 
28.7 
47.8 
43.1 
42.5 
28.3 
39.0 
50.9 TOTAL 
'000 CGT 
14040.9 
2540.9 
9796.5 
2012.6 
14207.9 
2554.8 
14357.5 
2463.8 
13502.5 
2512.1 
10813.2 
1989.0 
14850.1 
1623.8 
11765.8 
1737.9 
11777.6 
1657.1 
10321.1 
1976.0 
9482.1 
1581.3 
9740.2 
1971.0 
9125.9 
2260.3 
13564.4 
2753.8 
14303.6 
3142.6 
11915.0 
2169.9 
8820.3 
1758.1 
14526.2 
2919.2 % 
18.1 
20.5 
18.0 
17.2 
18.6 
18.4 
10.9 
14.8 
14.1 
19.1 
16.7 
20.2 
24.8 
20.3 
22.0 
18.2 
19.9 
20.1 
Source: WORLD SHIPBUILDING DATABANK based on data supplied by LLOYD'S MARITIME INFORMATION S 
Remarks: From 1986 EU including Spain and Portugal; From 1990 EU including Ex-GDR. CD\;ircç i_ii v iv_to 
TABLE 9 A - ORDER BOOK 
FIGURES AT THE END OF THE YEAR 1000 CGT 
1976 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 
EU 
(1) BELGIUM 
DENMARK 
FRANCE 
GERMANY 
GREECE 
IRELAND 
ITALY 
NETHERLANDS 
PORTUGAL 
SPAIN 
UNITED KINGDOM 277.0 
923.5 
1770.4 
2113.3 
N/A 
43.9 
1036.2 
917.1 
N/A 
N/A 
1989.4 331.7 
652.4 
1193.7 
950.9 
240.6 
17.8 
639.8 
493.7 
191.2 
1769.5 
615.0 311.5 
618.9 
1138.2 
1082.0 
245.4 
19.3 
427.3 
551.7 
240.4 
1754.0 
768.9 261.1 
603.9 
978.5 
1177.7 
191.4 
20.0 
480.4 
498.8 
258.4 
1325.3 
714.1 143.7 
707.7 
598.6 
1178.1 
146.1 
2.1 
356.3 
308.8 
124.1 
967.4 
506.1 136.1 
692.2 
263.3 
959.4 
137.4 
0.0 
195.5 
331.6 
138.3 
690.5 
292.3 62.1 
442.1 
382.7 
1118.9 
119.9 
0.0 
345.5 
300.3 
94.0 
491.5 
352.5 60.0 
429.8 
371.2 
1281.7 
102.8 
0.0 
465.8 
195.6 
67.0 
527.7 
325.4 75.0 
473.9 
234.5 
1426.3 
121.5 
0.0 
864.8 
141.8 
108.3 
635.6 
369.7 82.0 
459.6 
379.9 
1429.2 
116.8 
0.0 
904.2 
365.1 
114.0 
837.7 
317.1 147.7 
589.7 
361.9 
1974.0 
113.6 
0.0 
1188.6 
414.5 
155.7 
853.7 
376.5 154.4 
927.7 
397.2 
1955.0 
69.1 
0.0 
129.8.4 
443.4 
181.6 
1004.1 
418.9 213.4 
876.6 
556.8 
1529.9 
73.0 
0.0 
1190.9 
387.5 
153.1 
757.2 
413.6 116.8 
674.3 
410.8 
1471.4 
42.3 
0.0 
1036.4 
321.5 
96.5 
476.4 
411.5 133.8 
733.5 
568.7 
1633.5 
43.7 
0.0 
1049.4 
389.1 
45.6 
475.2 
321.4 
TOTAL EU 9070.8 7096.3 7157.6 6509.6 5039.0 3836.6 3709.5 3827.0 4451.4 5005.6 6175.9 6849.8 6152.0 5057.9 5393.9 
I 
I OTHER FINLAND 
AWES NORWAY 
SWEDEN N/A 
N/A 
N/A 1144.3 
589.3 
703.8 1139.5 
670.3 
646.3 1023.8 
371.9 
494.9 710.3 
185.6 
494.5 642.2 
229.8 
267.8 544.4 
148.1 
181.7 483.9 
146.8 
137.5 991.0 
136.9 
93.8 962.9 
114.3 
39.0 652.1 
422.8 
115.3 589.4 
463.6 
64.3 494.3 
381.8 
23.9 467.1 
284.3 
23.7 791.2 
370.6 
0.4 
TOTAL AWES 15839.2 9533.7 9613.7 8400.2 6429.4 4976.4 4583.7 4595.2 5673.1 6121.8 7366.1 7967.1 7052.0 5833.0 6556.1 
JAPAN 12093.8 7297.8 7457.7 6640.2 8477.9 8221.5 5915.2 3915.9 2918.5 3473.9 5696.5 7494.7 7621.8 6482.7 6266.5 
KOREA 7943.2 1320.3 1711.1 1854.9 2898.4 3223.1 2578.7 1909.2 2639.1 2342.7 2813.1 3500.7 3922.7 3012.2 4800.5 
CHINA 
POLAND 
ROMANIA 
BULGARIA 
USSR 
RUSSIA 
UKRAINE 
YUGOSLAVIA 
CROATIA N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A N/A 
1634.6 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
760.7 260.9 
1459.0 
N/A 
N/A 
128.9 
626.7 298.3 
1174.6 
N/A 
N/A 
92.7 
699.9 493.5 
1143.1 
N/A 
N/A 
53.9 
492.6 433.2 
1272.1 
N/A 
N/A 
42.8 
455.4 486.5 
1018.1 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
545.9 547.0 
1041.6 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
840.0 647.3 
1251.6 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
751.4 809.8 
1131.3 
N/A 
N/A 
74.1 
861.9 681.0 
1080.1 
N/A 
N/A 
248.5 813.6 
1136.6 
N/A 
N/A 
343.1 
1011.4 1046.9 942.0 
999.7 
912.6 
237.0 
360.4 
886.3 1235.7 
1124.6 
766.0 
224.0 
465.4 
237.9 
133.3 
532.2 1257.4 
1022.3 
860.5 
142.2 
778.9 
426.0 
N/A 
510.7 
REST OF WORLD 3693.0 5045.1 5105.6 4570.7 4129.7 3448.0 3435.8 2796.8 2675.0 2857.9 3071.2 3343.5 3003.2 2601.8 2299.1 
TOTAL WORLD 39569.2 25592.2 26363.6 23731.5 24118.5 22072.5 18563.9 15645.7 16556.0 17673.4 21967.9 25646.2 25937.7 22648.8 24920.2 
Source: "WORLD SHIPBUILDING DATABANK" based on data supplied by LLOYD'S MARITIME INFORMATION SERVICES 
(1| From 1980 on data includes order book from Ex-GDR yards 
TABLE 9 B - ORDER BOOK 
FIGURES AT THE END OF THE YEAR MARKET SHARES 
1976 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 
EU 
(1) BELGIUM 
DENMARK 
FRANCE 
GERMANY 
GREECE 
IRELAND 
ITALY 
NETHERLANDS 
PORTUGAL 
SPAIN 
UNITED KINGDOM 0.7% 
2.3% 
4.5% 
5.3% 
N/A 
0.1% 
2.6% 
2.3% 
N/A 
N/A 
5.0% 1.3% 
2.5% 
4.7% 
3.7% 
0.9% 
0.1% 
2.5% 
1.9% 
0.7% 
6.9% 
2.4% 1.2% 
2.3% 
4.3% 
4.1% 
0.9% 
0.1% 
1.6% 
2.1% 
0.9% 
6.7% 
2.9% 1.1% 
2.5% 
4.1% 
5.0% 
0.8% 
0.1% 
2.0% 
2.1% 
1.1% 
5.6% 
3.0% 0.6% 
2.9% 
2.5% 
4.9% 
0.6% 
0.0% 
1.5% 
1.3% 
0.5% 
4.0% 
2.1% 0.6% 
3.1% 
1.2% 
4.3% 
0.6% 
0.0% 
0.9% 
1.5% 
0.6% 
3.1% 
1.3% 0.3% 
2.4% 
2.1% 
6.0% 
0.6% 
0.0% 
1.9% 
1.6% 
0.5% 
2.6% 
1.9% 0.4% 
2.7% 
2.4% 
8.2% 
0.7% 
0.0% 
3.0% 
1.3% 
0.4% 
3.4% 
2.1% 0.5% 
2.9% 
1.4% 
8.6% 
0.7% 
0.0% 
5.2% 
0.9% 
0.7% 
3.8% 
2.2% 0.5% 
2.6% 
2.1% 
8.1% 
0.7% 
0.0% 
5.1% 
2.1% 
0.6% 
4.7% 
1.8% 0.7% 
2.7% 
1.6% 
9.0% 
0.5% 
0.0% 
5.4% 
1.9% 
0.7% 
3.9% 
1.7% 0.6% 
3.6% 
1.5% 
7.6% 
0.3% 
0.0% 
5.1% 
1.7% 
0.7% 
3.9% 
1.6% 0.8% 
3.4% 
2.1% 
5.9% 
0.3% 
0.0% 
4.6% 
1.5% 
0.6% 
2.9% 
1.6% 0.5% 
3.0% 
1.8% 
6.5% 
0.2% 
0.0% 
4.6% 
1.4% 
0.4% 
2.1% 
1.8% 0.5% 
2.9% 
2.3% 
6.6% 
0.2% 
0.0% 
4.2% 
1.6% 
0.2% 
1.9% 
1.3% 
TOTAL EU 22.9% 27.7% 27.1% 27.4% 20.9% 17.4% 20.0% 24.5% 26.9% 28.3% 28.1% 26.7% 23.7% 22.3% 21.6% 
0° OTHER FINLAND 
AWES NORWAY 
SWEDEN N/A 
N/A 
N/A 4.5% 
2.3% 
2.8% 4.3% 
2.5% 
2.5% 4.3% 
1.6% 
2.1% 2.9% 
0.8% 
2.1% 2.9% 
1.0% 
1.2% 2.9% 
0.8% 
1.0% 3.1% 
0.9% 
0.9% 6.0% 
0.8% 
0.6% 5.4% 
0.6% 
0.2% 3.0% 
1.9% 
0.5% 2.3% 
1.8% 
0.3% 1.9% 
1.5% 
0.1% 2.1% 
1.3% 
0.1% 3.2% 
1.5% 
0.0% 
TOTAL AWES 40.0% 37.3% 36.5% 35.4% 26.7% 22.5% 24.7% 29.4% 34.3% 34.6% 33.5% 31.1% 27.2% 25.8% 26.3% 
JAPAN 30.6% 28.5% 28.3% 28.0% 35.2% 37.2% 31.9% 25.0% 17.6% 19.7% 25.9% 29.2% 29.4% 28.6% 25.1% 
KOREA 20.1% 5.2% 6.5% 7.8« 12.0% 14.6% 13.9% 12.2% 15.9% 13.3% 12.8% 13.6% 15.1% 13.3% 19.3% 
CHINA 
POLAND 
ROMANIA 
BULGARIA 
USSR 
RUSSIA 
UKRAINE 
YUGOSLAVIA 
CROATIA N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A N/A 
6.4% 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
3.0% 1.0% 
5.5% 
N/A 
N/A 
0.5% 
2.4% 1.3% 
4.9% 
N/A 
N/A 
0.4% 
2.9% 2.0% 
4.7% 
N/A 
N/A 
0.2% 
2.0% 2.0% 
5.8% 
N/A 
N/A 
0.2% 
2.1% 2.6% 
5.5% 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
2.9% 3.5% 
6.7% 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
5.4% 3.9% 
7.6% 
N/A 
N/A 
N/A 
4.5% 4.6% 
6.4% 
N/A 
N/A 
0.4% 
4.9% 3.1% 
4.9% 
N/A 
N/A 
1.1% 
4.6% 3.2% 
4.4% 
N/A 
N/A 
1.3% 
4.1% 3.6% 
3.9% 
3.5% 
0.9% 
1.4% 
3.4% 5.5% 
5.0% 
3.4% 
1.0% 
2.1% 
1.1% 
0.6% 
2.3% 5.0% 
4.1% 
3.5% 
0.6% 
3.1% 
1.7% 
N/A 
2.0% 
REST OF WORLD 9.3% 19.7% 19.4% 19.3"; 17.1% 15.6% 18.5% 17.9% 16.2% 16.2% 14.0% 13.0% 11.6% 11.5% 9.2% 
TOTAL WORLD 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 
Source: "WORLD SHIPBUILDING DATABANK" based on data supplied by LLOYD'S MARITIME INFORMATION SERVICES 
(1) From 1980 on data includes order book from Ex-GDR yards 
TABLE 10 - ORDER BOOKS AND DELIVERY SCHEDULE 
1 000 CGT 
!* BELGIUM 
DENMARK 
FRANCE 
GERMANY 
GREECE 
IRELAND 
ITALY 
NETHERLANDS 
PORTUGAL 
SPAIN 
UNITED KINGDOM 
TOTAL EU SHIPS 
COMPLETED 
1993 
5.0 
354.3 
65.0 
853.0 
6.6 
0.0 
496.3 
236.0 
62.3 
364.7 
148.4 
2591.6 ORDER BOOK 
AS AT 
31/12/93 
133.8 
733.5 
568.7 
1633.5 
43.7 
0.0 
1049.4 
389.1 
45.6 
475.2 
321.4 
5393.9 1994 
130.1 
335.1 
105.1 
950.1 
43.7 
0.0 
531.1 
295.4 
45.6 
291.7 
131.0 
2858.9 FOR DELIVERY IN: 
1995 
3.7 
397.4 
240.1 
458.1 
0.0 
0.0 
293.5 
73.6 
0.0 
146.0 
116.4 
1728.8 1996 
0.0 
1.0 
160.5 
225.3 
0.0 
0.0 
224.8 
20.1 
0.0 
26.8 
74.0 
732.5 1997 
AND BEYOND 
0.0 
0.0 
63.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
10.7 
0.0 
73.7 
Source: WORLD SHIPBUILDING DATABANK based on data supplied by LLOYD'S MARITIME INFORMATION SERVICES 
Remarks: Data includes order book from Ex-GDR yards 
TABLE 11 • EMPLOVMEHT W THE CONSTRUCTION OP MEW VESSELS M THE EUROPE AM UMIOW 
NÙTnbôT'ôTTrûîiiôTêe's* 
1975 1978 
6614 
12000 
25300 
31113 
N/A 
840 
20000 
17540 
N/A 
N/A 
41050 1979 1980 
' é523 
11400 
22200 
24784 
2672 
750 
18000 
13100 
N/A 
N/A 
24800 1981 
'• e3"47 
11350 
22200 
26521 
3393 
762 
16500 
13100 
N/A 
N/A 
25345 1982 1983 
41 d4 
11200 
21000 
25966 
2812 
550 
12800 
11250 
N/A 
N/A 
20486 1984 
4060 
10300 
16940 
22183 
2000 
0 
12800 
10330 
N/A 
N/A 
14655 1985 
" 3"9Î3 
10200 
15053 
22260 
2000 
0 
12000 
6236 
5370 
18000 
14200 1986 
4995* 
7000 
13700 
18184 
1709 
0 
11570 
5400 
5087 
18000 
12500 1987 
-J2W " 
7000 
8840 
12875 
1621 
0 
9500 (3) 
3600 
5020 
17300 
11500 1988 
^izfft1"-"1 
7300 
6850 
14845 
1855 
0 
8428 (3) 
3500 
4412 
14000 
9000 1989 
""Mo7lul-
7900 
6800 
14732 
1535(41 
0 
9675 (3) 
3500 
4245 
12550 
6494 1990 
8400 
6600 
15297 15) 
550 
0 
9840 (6) 
3900 
3845 
11940 
6126 17) 1991 
-"»Ve1 
8600 
6100 
27783 (8) 
0 
0 
8299 (9) 
4000 
3820 
11440 
5984 1992 1993 
8300 
6040 
28146(8) 
0 
0 
8200(10 
4000 
3520 
10735 
5820 BELGIUM 
DENMARK 
FRANCE 
GERMANY 
GREECE 
IRELAND 
ITALY 
NETHERLANDS 
PORTUGAL 
SPAIN 
UNITED KINGDOM (1) 
(2) 7467 
16630 
32500 
46839 
2316 
869 
25000 
22662 
N/A 
N/A 
54550 6258 
9000 
23000 
27369 
N/A 
750 
19000 
14540 
N/A 
N/A 
31200 4680 
11800 
21600 
27600 
2900 
882 
13750 
12800 
N/A 
N/A 
25000 '1686 
7300 
5880 
24143(8) 
0 
0 
7100(11 
4000 
3150 
10085 
4865 
TOTAL EEC 208833 LHHT "mm TUM 1255lé iiiöi2 nOlés I 93268" '•6i4*f 799ÖV Tiiwsiö- 69-^éé - '7B4J4' 109242 ÅBfeH 2ZHZL 6788* 
O Table compiled from national sources 
(1) From 1986 on the figure covers jobs in new shipbuilding and naval and para-naval building (convertion, naval vessels and off-shore). 
Figures for rhs preceding years using the same method are: 1975 - 32500, 1980 - 23700, 1985 - 17700. 
(2) From 1975 te 1984 including naval dockyards estimated to be: 1975 - 1800. 1978 and 1979 - 3200. 1980 • 3400, 1981 and 1982 - 3200, 1983 and 1984 - 2800 
(3) 2780 unemployed should be added to 1987's figure, 2850 to 1968's figure and 2581 to 1989's figure. 
Of these 2000 represent a structural over capacity for whom no new jobs can be found 
(4) Includes naval building 
(5) Excluding jobs in Ex-GDR's yards 
(6) Of which 1838 currently inactive 
(7) Revised figure 
(8) Including 11700 jobs in Ex-GDR's yards in 1991, 12441 jobs in 1992 and 9000 in 1993 
(9) 1321 unemployed should be added to this figure, representing a structural over capacity, whose elimination is foreseen during 1992 
( 10) 700 unemployed should be added to this figure, representing a structural over capacity, for whom re employment is not foreseen 
( 11 ) 1160 currently inactive should be added to this figure 

KOM(95) 38 sfcifhg 
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