RO    RO  COMISIA COMUNIT ĂŢILOR EUROPENE 
Bruxelles, 16.5.2007 
COM(2007) 247 final 
  
COMUNICAREA COMISIEI C ĂTRE PARLAMENTUL EUROPEAN, CONSILIU, 
COMITETUL ECONOMIC ŞI SOCIAL EUROPEAN ŞI COMITETUL 
REGIUNILOR 
Aplicarea abord ării globale privind migra ţia pentru regiunile care se învecineaz ă cu 
Uniunea European ă la est şi sud-est  
 
RO 2   RO CUPRINS 
1. Introducere ................................................................................................................. ....  
2. Ţări care se învecineaz ă cu UE la est şi sud-est.............................................................  
2.1. Turcia şi Balcanii Occidentali........................................................................................  
2.1.1. Cadrul actual pentru dialog ............................................................................................  2.1.2. Recomand ări ..................................................................................................................  
2.2. Ţări partenere în cadrul politicii de vecin ătate europene din Europa de Est şi 
Caucazul de Sud.............................................................................................................  
2.2.1. Cadrul actual pentru dialog ............................................................................................  2.2.2. Recomand ări ..................................................................................................................  
2.3. Federa ţia Rusă................................................................................................................  
2.3.1. Cadrul actual pentru dialog ............................................................................................  2.3.2. Recomand ări ..................................................................................................................  
3. Alte regiuni................................................................................................................ .....  
3.1. Ţările partenere PEV din estul Mediteranei (Siria, Liban şi Iordania)  
şi alte ţări din Orientul Mijlociu (Iran şi Irak)................................................................  
3.1.1. Cadrul actual pentru dialog ............................................................................................  3.1.2. Recomand ări ..................................................................................................................  
3.2. Asia Central ă..................................................................................................................  
3.2.1. Cadrul actual pentru dialog ............................................................................................  3.2.2. Recomand ări ..................................................................................................................  
3.3. Ţări de origine din Asia..................................................................................................  
3.3.1. Cadrul actual pentru dialog ............................................................................................  3.3.2. Recomand ări ..................................................................................................................  
4. Îmbun ătăţirea coordon ării ..............................................................................................  
5. Concluzii ................................................................................................................... .....  
Anexa I: Acronime şi glosar..................................................................................................... 17 
Anexa II: Exemple de cooperare ale UE cu ţările care fac obiectul comunic ării şi de asisten ţă 
UE pentru acestea.............................................................................................................. ....... 20 
Anexa III: Prezentare general ă a situaţiei migra ţiei şi fluxurilor de migra ţie dinspre şi în 
regiunile care se învecineaz ă cu UE la est 
şi sud-est şi statistici ............................................. 72 
 
RO 3   RO Aplicarea abord ării globale privind migra ţia pentru regiunile care se învecineaz ă cu 
Uniunea European ă la est şi sud-est  
1. INTRODUCERE  
În decembrie 2005, Consiliul European a adoptat Abordarea global ă a migraţiei care 
s-a concentrat ini ţial asupra Africii şi regiunii mediteraneene. În concluziile sale din 
decembrie 20061, Consiliul European a solicitat Comisiei „s ă facă propuneri privind 
un dialog intensificat şi măsuri concrete” cu privire la aplicarea abord ării globale în 
cazul regiunilor care se învecineaz ă cu Uniunea European ă la est şi sud-est. Prezenta 
comunicare vine în întâmpinarea acestei solicit ări şi propune o abordare bazat ă pe 
conceptul de „rut ă a migraţiei” (a se vedea anexa I care include un glosar al tuturor 
termenilor folosi ţi în acest text şi o explicare a acronimelor).  
Prezenta comunicare se concentreaz ă în principal asupra regiunilor care se 
învecineaz ă cu UE la est şi sud-est care, în perspectiva Comisiei, includ urm ătoarele:  
Turcia, Balcanii Occidentali (Albania, Bosnia şi Herţegovina, Croa ţia, Fosta 
Republică Iugoslav ă a Macedoniei, Muntenegru şi Serbia, inclusiv Kosovo2); ţările 
partenere din cadrul politicii europene de vecin ătate (PEV) din Europa de Est 
(Ucraina, Moldova şi Belarus3), precum şi din Caucazul de Sud (Armenia, 
Arzeibaidjan şi Georgia); şi Federaţia Rusă.  
În punerea în aplicare a prezentei comunic ări, ar trebui s ă fie în primul rând luate în 
considerare recomand ările legate direct de aceste ţări. Cu toate acestea, aplicarea 
abordării globale regiunilor care se învecineaz ă cu UE la est şi la sud-est, în 
conformitate cu conceptul de „rut ă de migra ţie” presupune, de asemenea, luarea în 
considerare a ţărilor de origine şi de tranzit situate mai departe de acestea. 
Deopotriv ă, trebuie s ă se acorde aten ţie următoarelor:  
ţărilor partenere PEV din Orientul  Mijlociu (Siria, Iordania şi Liban), Iranului, 
Irakului; Asiei Centrale (Kazahstan, Kîrgîzstan, Tadjikistan, Turkmenistan şi 
Uzbekistan); şi ţărilor din Asia, precum China, India, Pakistan , Afghanistan, 
Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Filipine şi Indonezia. 
Prezenta comunicare face recomand ări pe termen mediu şi lung pentru aceste ţări şi 
regiuni. 
Cu toate ţările menţionate anterior, Comunitatea a instituit un cadru institu ţional în 
care s-au stabilit un dialog politic şi economic şi relaţii de cooperare, incluzând în 
general domeniul migra ţiei. Prezenta comunicare cuprinde o prezentare a acestor 
cadre corespunz ătoare fiec ărui grup de ţări. În unele cazuri, dialogul şi cooperarea în 
domeniul migra ţiei şi al subiectelor conexe (precum ocuparea for ţei de munc ă şi 
educaţia) sunt deja foarte dezvoltate. Orice posibilitate de intensificare a dialogului şi 
                                                 
1 Bazate pe comunicarea Co misiei „Abordarea global ă a migra ţiei – dup ă un an: C ătre o politic ă 
europeană globală privind migra ţia”, noiembrie 2006, COM(2006) 735 final. 
2 Astfel cum a fost definit în Rezolu ţia nr. 1244 a Consiliului de Securitate al ONU. 
3 În cazul Belarusului, dialogul ar trebui s ă se desfăşoare în conformitate cu restric ţiile care se aplic ă 
relaţiilor UE-Belarus în ceea ce prive şte contactele cu autorit ăţile şi într-un cadru regional. 
 
RO 4   RO cooperării în domeniul migra ţiei ar trebui s ă valorifice dialogul şi cooperarea 
existente, integrând în acela şi timp pe deplin subiectele şi actorii interesa ţi, cu 
precădere în ceea ce prive şte sectorul migra ţiei forţei de munc ă. Anexa II include o 
listă indicativ ă a numeroase proiecte de cooperare în curs în domeniul migra ţiei, 
vizelor şi controlului la frontiere, finan ţate în aceste ţări de către CE. Este important 
faptul ca aceast ă cooperare s ă continue s ă fie pusă în eviden ţă şi promovat ă.  
Aplicarea abord ării globale presupune o analiz ă cuprinzătoare a deplas ărilor legale şi 
ilegale, a cererii şi ofertei globale de for ţă de munc ă, a migraţiei forţei de munc ă, a 
gestionării migra ţiei economice, precum şi a necesit ăţii de a asigura protec ţie 
internaţională. Rutele de migra ţie, tendinţele şi eventualele modific ări de rută trebuie, 
de asemenea, analizate. Anexa III prezint ă unele concluzii prelim inare referitoare la 
regiune în acest sens, cât şi serii diverse de statistici. Importan ţa acestei regiuni 
pentru UE este deja evident ă. Aproximativ o treime din to ţi resortisan ţii ţărilor terţe 
din UE provin din ţări vecine din est şi sud-est şi din Federa ţia Rusă. Valurile de 
extindere ale UE înspre est în 2004 şi 2007 au schimbat temeiul juridic al navetei şi 
migraţiei transfrontaliere pentru multe ţări vecine, în timp ce bene ficiile statutului de 
membru al UE, şi anume o cre ştere economic ă semnificativ ă şi oportunit ăţi de 
angajare, sporesc atractivitatea noil or state membre în ceea ce prive şte migraţia 
dinspre ţările vecine cu acestea din est. Ţările vecine se confrunt ă cu efectele atât ale 
„exodului de inteligen ţă”, cât şi ale „atragerii de inteligen ţă”, iar beneficiile nete 
contribuie la atenuarea presiunilor referitoare la nivelul ridicat de şomaj şi venitul 
scăzut care sunt adesea rezultatul dificult ăţilor tranzi ţiei politice şi economice. 
Ar trebui men ţionat faptul c ă America Latin ă şi Caraibele nu au fost luate înc ă în 
considerare în cadrul Abord ării globale a migra ţiei, deşi migraţia face parte din 
dialogul politic stabilit cu aceast ă regiune. Având în vedere importan ţa crescând ă a 
aspectelor legate de migra ţie în raport cu ţările Americii Latine şi ale Caraibelor, 
Comisia va aborda în plus subiectul migra ţiei, alături de partenerii acesteia, în cadrul 
pregătirilor urm ătorului summit UE/LAC (America Latin ă şi Caraibe) (Lima, mai 
2008). Acest lucru va fi realizat în  conformitate cu  Abordarea global ă şi într-un mod 
care să permită, de asemenea, îndeplinirea anga jamentelor luate de ambele p ărţi în 
cadrul summitului de la Viena din mai 2006. 
2. ŢĂRI CARE SE ÎNVECINEAZ Ă CU UE LA EST ŞI SUD -EST 
În procesul de dezvoltare a Abord ării globale cu ţările africane, diverse instrumente 
s-au dovedit a fi utile în rela ţiile cu ţările partenere, precum profilurile de migra ţie şi 
platformele de cooperare privind migra ţia şi dezvoltarea (a se vedea anexa I). 
Instrumentele respective pot fi ad ecvate pentru aplicarea Abord ării globale în cazul 
regiunilor din est şi sud-est. Cu toate acestea, instru mentele trebuie folosite în func ţie 
de fiecare ţară şi/sau regiune, în special luând în considerare cadrele şi relaţiile 
existente cu ţările şi regiunile vizate, în care apli carea acestora poate aduce un plus 
de valoare. Pe lâng ă aceasta, prezenta comunicare ar trebui citit ă în conexiune cu o 
comunicare adoptat ă simultan, „ Migraţia circulatorie şi parteneriatele pentru 
mobilitate între Uniunea European ă şi ţările terţe”. 
 
RO 5   RO 2.1. Turcia şi Balcanii Occidentali4  
2.1.1.  Cadrul actual pentru dialog 
Aspectele privind migra ţia în relaţie cu Turcia – care are un acord de asociere cu UE 
din 1963 – sunt incluse în parten eriatul pentru aderare din 2006. 
În cazul Balcanilor Occidental i, aspectele privind migra ţia sunt incluse în Acordul de 
stabilizare şi asociere (SAA) care reprezint ă cadrul de rela ţii contractuale stabilit sau 
în curs de stabilire cu fiecare dintre aceste ţări5. În plus, aspectele privind migra ţia 
sunt prezentate – adesea în mod detaliat – în parteneriatele europe ne sau cele pentru 
aderare (în cazul Croa ţiei şi Turciei). Punerea în aplicare a parteneriatelor este 
monitorizat ă în principal prin rapoartele privind progresul anual înregistrat şi în 
cadrul reuniunilor cu ţările în cauz ă. Aspectele privind migra ţia sunt, de asemenea, 
discutate în cadrul reuniunii anuale troika la nivel ministerial în domeniul JLS cu ţările din Balcanii Occidentali. 
În ceea ce prive şte ţările candidate, Croa ţia, Turcia şi Fosta Republic ă Iugoslav ă a 
Macedoniei, aspectele privind migra ţia sunt discutate în detaliu în reuniunile 
subcomitetelor aferente şi pot fi abordate în cadrul Comitetului şi Consiliului de 
asociere. În contextul negoc ierilor de aderare cu Croa ţia şi Turcia, aspectele privind 
migraţia au fost analizate şi monitorizate inter alia  în capitolele referitoare la justi ţie, 
libertate şi securitate, cât şi la libera circula ţie a lucrătorilor. 
În cazul celorlalte ţări din regiune, asp ectele privind migra ţia sunt abordate în cadrul 
procesului specific de consiliere politic ă şi al procesului de m onitorizare (grupul de 
lucru consultativ cu Albania, procesul de monitorizare a reformelor pentru Bosnia şi 
Herţegovina, dialogul permanent consolidat pentru Muntenegru şi Serbia), inclusiv în 
cadrul reuniunilor grupurilor tehnice. Referitor la Kosovo, aceste aspecte sunt abordate în contextul Mecanismului de urm ărire a procesului de stabilizare şi 
asociere (STM). 
Procesul de Cooperare din Eu ropa de Sud-Est (PCESE) de ţ
ine un rol din ce în ce mai 
important în calitate de foru m pentru cooperarea regional ă pe întreg cuprinsul 
regiunii Europei de Sud-Est şi include cooperarea privind aspecte din domeniul JLS. 
PCESE particip ă la realizarea unui nou cadru regional care va fi gestionat la nivel 
regional şi va succede Pactului de Stabilitate pentru Europa de Sud-Est.  
Toate ţările candidate sau ţările care au  o perspectiv ă recunoscut ă de aderare la UE 
sunt deja pe deplin anga jate în adoptarea acquis-ul ui UE. Pentru a asigura 
continuarea f ără întârzieri a acestui proces şi, între timp, o mai bun ă gestionare a 
fluxurilor pe rutele de migra ţie din sud-est, urm ătoarele ac ţiuni sunt propuse drept 
priorităţi de ordin general. 
                                                 
4 Turcia a fost oficial recunoscut ă drept ţară candidată în decembrie 1999. Negoci erile de aderare au fost 
lansate la 3 octombrie 2005. Croa ţia este, de asemenea, o ţară candidată în curs de negocieri în vederea 
aderării la UE. Fostei Republici Iugoslave a Macedoniei i-a fost co nferit statutul de ţară candidată în 
decembrie 2005, dar nu a lansat înc ă negocierile de aderare. 
5 ASA cu Croa ţia şi cu Fosta Republic ă a Macedoniei sunt în vigoare, ASA cu Albania a fost semnat dar 
nu a fost înc ă ratificat, ASA cu Muntenegru a fosta parafa t, negocierile privind un ASA cu Bosnia şi 
Herţegovina au fost încheiate, în tim p ce negocierile în vederea unui ASA cu Serbia sunt în prezent 
suspendate. 
 
RO 6   RO 2.1.2.  Recomand ări 
• În vederea complet ării dialogului privind migra ţia din cadrul forurilor bilaterale şi 
regionale, platforme de cooperare  la nivel na ţional şi subregional privind migra ţia ar 
putea facilita în contin uare dialogul între to ţi protagoni ştii implica ţi, valorificându-se 
experienţa acumulat ă în urma ini ţiativei MARRI.  
• Dialogul cu autorit ăţile din ţările candidate şi partenere ar trebui s ă includă discuţii cu 
privire la modul în care impactul migra ţiei asupra dezvolt ării poate contribui la 
întărirea stabilit ăţii şi stimularea cre şterii în regiune . Ar trebui dezvoltate politici care 
să prevină „atragerea de inteligen ţă”, precum investi ţia în formare şi în consolidarea 
capacităţii în vederea îmbun ătăţirii condi ţiilor de munc ă şi sporirii oportunit ăţilor de 
încadrare în munc ă, contribuind astfel la prevenirea exodului lucr ătorilor califica ţi. Ar 
trebui analizate în continuare modalit ăţile de reducere a costurilo r legate de transferul 
fondurilor şi sporirea impactului acestora asupra dezvolt ării ţărilor din aceast ă regiune. Ar 
trebui aranjate vizite  de studiu ale exper ţilor în scopul încuraj ării contactelor şi stimulării 
cooperării directe între administra ţii, precum şi examinării capacit ăţii instituţionale. De 
asemenea, ar putea fi organizate ateliere refe ritoare la diverse aspecte ale agendei privind 
migraţia şi dezvoltarea. În final, ar trebui încurajate ini ţiative destinate s ă dezvolte leg ături 
între migran ţii cu înalte calific ări, precum cercet ătorii ştiinţifici, şi ţările acestora de 
origine. 
• Ar trebui sp orite oportunit ăţile privind migraţia circulatorie , în acelaşi timp luându-se în 
considerare deplas ările transfrontaliere existente, pe termen scurt şi cu caracter sezonier 
din regiune. Cu excep ţia Croaţiei care beneficiaz ă deja de un regim de liberalizare a vizelor 
pentru UE, regimul vizelor în regiune trebuie îmbun ătăţit şi armonizat în continuare în 
vederea permiterii circula ţiei forţei de munc ă. Ar trebui analizat ă posibilitatea oferirii unei 
game mai variate de programe de schimb pentru cercet ători şi studenţi. De asemenea, ar 
trebui acordat ă o atenţie cuvenit ă asigurării pregătirii corespunz ătoare a migran ţilor, în 
sensul unei idei realiste despre via ţă şi oportunit ăţile de ocupare a for ţei de munc ă în UE. 
Cursuri de formare sau programe speciale şi o corelare a cererii şi a ofertei în ceea ce 
priveşte forţa de munc ă ar contribui la acest proces . Portalurile privind migra ţia vor deţine 
un rol esen ţial în acest sens şi vor fi func ţionale pân ă la sfârşitul lui 2007. Ca urmare a 
evaluării experien ţei acumulate în cadrul centrelor actuale pentru servicii în domeniul 
migraţiei, alte centre de acest ti p ar putea fi create. Înfiin ţarea unor puncte focale în fiecare 
minister al muncii sau al internelor ar cont ribui la definirea unor politici adecvate care s ă 
asigure un echilibru între nevoile for ţei de munc ă şi securitatea aspectelor privind migra ţia. 
În ceea ce prive şte vizele pentru o perioad ă scurtă, punerea în aplicare a acordurilor 
comunitare de facilitare a regimului vizelor, parafate pân ă în prezent cu unele ţări din 
Balcanii Occidentali, va contribui la îmbun ătăţirea şi simplificarea procedurilor de 
acordare a vizelor pentru anumite categorii de cet ăţeni ai acestor ţări. 
• Legislaţia în domeniul azilului şi protecţiei refugia ţilor ar trebui consolidat ă sau 
completat ă în vederea oferirii de garan ţii juridice complete în ceea ce prive şte drepturile 
persoanelor care pot av ea nevoie de protec ţie interna ţională. Muntenegru şi Serbia trebuie 
încă să adopte legi fundamental e în domeniul azilului şi ar trebui încurajate în acest sens. 
Turcia trebuie în continuare s ă-şi modifice legisla ţia primar ă în domeniul azilului în 
conformitate cu acquis-ul aferent, s ă asigure punerea în aplicare eficient ă a acesteia, 
precum şi să stabileasc ă o capacitate administrativ ă corespunz ătoare celor mai bune 
practici la nivelul UE. În toate statele, este necesar s ă se depun ă eforturi sporite pentru a 
 
RO 7   RO asigura punerea în practic ă adecvată a dispozi ţiilor juridice. Este nevoie s ă se consolideze 
lupta împotriva i migraţiei ilegale şi traficului de persoane . În acest sens, FRONTEX ar 
trebui să dezvolte în continuare rela ţiile existente cu ţările din aceast ă regiune. Asisten ţa 
tehnică pentru ţările partenere care ar in clude formarea suplimentar ă a poliţiei de frontier ă 
şi a funcţionarilor din domeniul migra ţiei, cât şi dezvoltarea de statistici fiabile pentru 
cazuri semnalate, ar trebui asigurat ă prin folosirea unor instrumente precum IAP sau 
programele de înfr ăţire şi TAIEX. Unele ac ţiuni privind controlul frontierelor şi 
gestionarea migra ţiei în ţările candidate la UE şi în eventualele ţări candidate pot, de 
asemenea, beneficia de asisten ţă prin IAP. Acordurile de readmisie CE cu ţările din 
Balcanii Occidentali trebuie puse în aplicare, iar acordul de r eadmisie CE cu Turcia trebuie 
încheiat în cel mai scurt timp6.  
• Promovarea unei cooper ări mai strânse pentru puner ea în aplicare a legisla ţiei 
pluridisciplinare regionale în scopul co mbaterii crimei organizate este necesar ă la nivelul 
UE, în special prin consolidarea cooper ării între Europol şi Centrul SECI din Bucure şti. În 
acest sens, se va încheia un memorandum de în ţelegere între Europol şi SECI, care s ă 
abordeze îndeosebi subiectul tr aficului de persoane, în timp ce obiectivul pe termen lung îl 
reprezintă încheierea unui acord de cooperare opera ţională. 
2.2. Ţări partenere în cadrul politicii de vecin ătate europene din Europa de Est şi 
Caucazul de Sud 
2.2.1.  Cadrul actual pentru dialog 
PEV (politica european ă de vecinătate) reprezint ă cadrul pentru rela ţiile cu ţările din 
Europa de Est şi Caucazul de Sud. Cu toate c ă sunt men ţionate în mod indirect în 
acordurile de parteneriat şi de cooperare (APC) – care constituie baza juridic ă a 
relaţiilor CE cu aceste ţări – cooperarea în domeniul migra ţiei, aspectele legate de 
regimul vizelor, azilul, gestionarea frontierelor, cât şi alte aspecte economice şi 
sociale sunt prezente în toate planurile de ac ţiune PEV care au fost convenite cu 
partenerii din est. Unele dintre aceste ţări partenere au, de asemenea, propriul 
program na ţional de ac ţiune privind aceste subiecte . În cazul Ucrainei, exist ă un plan 
aparte de ac ţiune JLS care reprezint ă echivalentul sec ţiunii corespunz ătoare din 
planurile de ac ţiune convenite cu Armenia, Azerbaidjan, Georgia şi Moldova. De 
asemenea, Comisia lucreaz ă cu Ucraina pe baza unei „tabele de marcaj” fondat pe 
planul de ac ţiune JLS, care include criterii de evaluare. 
Aspectele privind migra ţia sunt deja discutate în detaliu cu Moldova şi Ucraina în 
cadrul subcomitetelor aferente şi sunt, deopotriv ă, abordate la reuni unile ministeriale 
periodice troika UE-Ucraina în domeniul JLS, precum şi în cadrul reuniunilor 
Comitetului de cooperare şi Consiliului de cooperare. O abordare similar ă este 
urmărită în cazul celor trei ţări din Caucazul de Sud, ale c ăror planuri de ac ţiune au 
fost adoptate în noiembr ie 2006. Pentru fiecare ţară, ritmul progresului  înregistrat în 
ceea ce prive şte dialogul şi cooperarea este diferit şi se bazeaz ă pe capacitatea, 
dimensiunea (deosebit de relevant ă în cazul Ucrainei) şi situaţia acesteia. În timp ce 
                                                 
6 Acordul de readmisie CE cu Albania este în vigoare din mai 2006; Acordurile de readmisie cu Bosnia şi 
Herţegovina, Serbia, Fosta Republic ă Iugoslav ă a Macedoniei şi Muntenegru au fost parafate şi 
urmează să intre în vigoare pân ă la sfârşitul lui 2007. 
 
RO 8   RO Belarus reprezint ă un caz aparte7, cooperarea tehnic ă privind aspecte legate de 
frontiere, de migra ţie şi de crima organizat ă, este posibil ă pe baza contactelor 
stabilite la nivel de lucru cu autorit ăţile belaruse şi în contextul dialogului şi 
programelor regionale.  
2.2.2.  Recomand ări 
În mod cert, rela ţiile cu fiecare ţară în parte difer ă, dar priorit ăţile pe termen scurt ar 
trebui să includă următoarele: 
• În pofida faptului c ă există deja cadrul necesar pentru dialogul  la nivel bilateral cu toate 
aceste ţări (cu excep ţia Belarusului), este necesar ă iniţierea în prezent a dialogului privind 
aceste aspecte cu Armenia, Azerbaidjan şi Georgia în contextul planurilor acestora de 
acţiune PEV, iar pentru Moldova şi Ucraina dialogul existent este în curs de a fi 
aprofundat. Cu toate c ă relaţiile cu Belarusul sunt limitate, ar trebui ini ţiate contacte la 
nivel de exper ţi privind aspecte legate de migra ţie. Un astfel de dialog este în egal ă măsură 
important pentru abordarea prob lemei referitoare la xenofobie şi impactului acesteia asupra 
migraţiei şi integrării. 
• La nivelul regional la care migra ţia şi aspectele aferente acesteia sunt abordate, s-ar putea 
beneficia de experien ţa acumulat ă în urma proceselor de la Söderköping şi Budapesta. De 
asemenea, ar trebui înt ărit sprijinul pentru îmbun ătăţirea capacit ăţii ţărilor partenere de a 
trata migran ţii ilegali în conformitate cu standardele interna ţionale. Acest lucru ar putea fi 
legat atât de deten ţia migran ţilor ilegali, de nevoile victimel or traficului de persoane, 
precum şi ale altor persoane vulnerabile, cât şi de standardele privind protec ţia 
internaţională a refugia ţilor pe care aceste ţări sunt obligate s ă le respecte ( şi anume în 
calitatea lor de membrii ai Consiliului Europei). Totu şi, se observ ă încă lipsa unei 
legislaţii, a unor proceduri şi practici eficiente în domeniul azilului şi protecţiei 
refugiaţilor. Eforturile ar trebui continuate al ături de organiza ţiile interesate, inclusiv în 
ceea ce prive şte reintegrarea persoanelor repatriate. 
• Prin promovarea unei abord ări globale a migra ţiei, regiunea M ării Negre  prezintă o 
importanţă deosebit ă în ceea ce prive şte migraţia şi traficul de tranzit. Plecând de la 
structurile de cooperare existente în regiunea M ării Baltice, ar trebui analizat ă viabilitatea 
stabilirii unei platforme de cooperare regional ă care ar reuni state membre ale UE 
interesate, agen ţii ale UE, alte ţări care au ca frontier ă Marea Neagr ă, organiza ţii regionale 
precum SECI, Organiza ţia Cooper ării Economice a M ării Negre (OCEMN), Task Force 
pentru crima organizat ă din regiunea M ării Baltice (Baltic Sea Ta sk Force on Organised 
Crime, TF-OC), cât şi Forumul M ării Negre, în efortul de a îmbun ătăţi gestionarea 
migraţiei. În acest context, s-ar putea promova folosirea în comun a informa ţiilor şi s-ar 
putea coordona activit ăţile de patrulare şi de supraveghere. Contribu ţia UE poate s ă varieze 
de la activit ăţi de formare (înfr ăţire) a personalului responsab il cu aplicarea legii, la 
cooperarea cu FRONTEX şi Europol, precum şi de la aspecte ca de exemplu protec ţia 
socială şi formarea func ţionarilor pe teme legate de for ţa de munc ă, la reabilitarea 
victimelor traficului de persoane.  
                                                 
7 Nu exist ă nici un APC în vigoare cu Belarusul şi, în conformitate cu concluziile Consiliului, rela ţiile 
UE cu Belarusul sunt reglementate printr-o politic ă cu dublă orientare, şi anume politica contactelor 
restrânse la nivel ministerial în paralel cu asisten ţa CE pentru procesul de democratizare şi sprijinul 
pentru nevoile popula ţiei. 
 
RO 9   RO • După cum Comisia a explicat în comunicarea sa din decembrie 2006, mobilitatea 
persoanelor  prezintă o importan ţă fundamental ă pentru atât partenerii PEV, cât şi pentru 
UE în vederea realiz ării în întregime a acestei priorit ăţi a politicii externe. Astfel, Comisia 
a propus c ă ar trebui s ă aibă loc „o examinare foarte temeinic ă a modului în care poate fi 
redus obstacolul reprezentat de procedur ile de acordare a vizelor pentru deplas ările 
legitime din ţările învecinate c ătre UE (şi vice versa)…în cadrul unor pachete mai ample 
care vizeaz ă să abordeze subiecte conexe (JLS)”. În consecin ţă, trebuie luate în considerare 
parteneriatele de mobilitate  pentru aceste ţări, inclusiv, în special, posibilit ăţile pentru 
facilitarea regimului vizelor , permise de munc ă şi informaţii legate de nevoile de pe pia ţa 
muncii sezoniere din UE. Printr e altele, ar trebui analizat ă drept prioritate viabilitatea unui 
astfel de parteneriat cu Ucraina. 
• Pe lângă aceasta , regimul vizelor ar trebui facilitat pentru deplas ările în alt scop decât 
acela de a munci (de exemplu, în scop de afaceri, educa ţie şi turism), precum şi pentru 
responsabilii oficiali care particip ă la reuniuni aferente legate de reforme, dup ă cum este 
deja posibil în cadrul instruc ţiunile consulare comune. În  prezent, Comisia recomand ă cu 
insistenţă ca acest lucru s ă fie aplicat îndeosebi de acele state membre în care se desf ăşoară 
cele mai importante reuniuni ( şi anume statele care g ăzduiesc institu ţiile UE şi cele care 
deţin preşedinţia UE, potrivit sistemului de rota ţie). În special, Comisia ar invita la punerea 
în aplicare a acestei m ăsuri, cu efect imediat, pentru persoanele care se deplaseaz ă „în 
misiuni legate de rela ţiile cu UE” (ceea ce constituie o propor ţie foarte redus ă din numărul 
solicitărilor de viz ă), pentru care aceasta va emite scrisori de recomandare c ătre ambasada 
şi consulatul statului membru UE în cauz ă.  
• Transferul fondurilor migran ţilor reprezint ă, de asemenea, un subiect important în 
această regiune, Armenia, Georgia, Moldova şi Ucraina num ărându-se printre ţările cele 
mai dependente din lume de transferul f ondurilor migran ţilor. Ar trebui analizate 
posibilităţile de reducere a costurilor transferurilor de fonduri, precum şi de sporire a 
impactului acestora asupra dezvolt ării ţării de origine ( ţinându-se seama de faptul c ă 
transferarea fondurilor are un caracter privat). În egal ă măsură este necesar s ă se încurajeze 
modalităţi de stimulare a dezvolt ării socio-economice a acestor ţări prin prevenirea în 
continuare a „exodul ui de inteligen ţă”, înlesnirea întoarcerii vol untare a persoanelor (înalt) 
calificate, precum şi prin încurajarea di asporelor numeroase s ă contribuie la dezvoltarea 
ţării lor de origine. Ar trebui încurajate ini ţiative destinate s ă dezvolte leg ături între 
migranţii cu înalte calific ări, precum cercet ătorii ştiinţifici, şi ţările acestora de origine.  
• Încheierii acordurilor de readmisie ar trebui s ă i se acorde aten ţie. Astfel, un acord de 
readmisie a fost deja parafat cu Ucraina, iar negocierile cu Moldova au fost finalizate în 
scopul intr ării în vigoare a acord ului în cel mai scurt timp posib il în cursul anului 2007. În 
viitor ar trebui deopotriv ă luată în considerare lansarea de negocieri cu celelalte ţări. Pentru 
acele state care au astfel de acorduri încheiate cu UE, aten ţia ar trebui s ă se concentreze 
asupra capacit ăţii acestora de a pune în apli care acordurile respective, cât şi asupra 
încurajării acestora s ă încheie acorduri similare cu ţările care se învecineaz ă la est şi sud-
est. 
• Cu toate c ă aceste ţări beneficiaz ă deja de sprijin comunitar semnificativ, ar trebui, de 
asemenea, intensificat ă consolidarea capacit ăţii acestora, fie în ceea ce prive şte gestionarea 
propriilor frontiere (sau ap licarea legii, în general) , fie prin sporirea cooper ării între ele 
(Ucraina se confrunt ă în mod evident cu provoc ări specifice legate de amplasarea sa 
geografic ă şi de dimensiune, cât şi de natura controalelor la frontiere; Belarusul şi-a 
 
RO 10   RO exprimat interesul referitor la cooperarea privind protec ţia frontierelor şi crima organizat ă, 
în ciuda faptului c ă se pot intensifica în continuare ac ţiunile efective de combatere a 
traficului provenind din Belarus). Misiunea existent ă U E  d e  a s i s t e n ţă la frontiere 
(MAFUE) la frontiera dintre Moldova şi Ucraina este un bun exemplu în acest sens. Aceste 
iniţiative trebuie s ă fie coerente cu eforturile în cu rs pentru a lupta împotriva corup ţiei şi 
crimei organizate. 
• Se pot eviden ţia mai bine lacunele din cadrele legislative şi instituţionale , precum şi 
capacitatea na ţională insuficient ă de a colecta date şi de a monitoriza fluxurile de migra ţie. 
Asistenţă tehnică relevantă se poate acorda, de exemplu pentru a asigura securitatea 
documentelor de c ălătorie, permiselor de sejur şi colantelor de vize, precum şi pentru 
sistemele de informa ţii civile pe care  acestea se bazeaz ă. Eforturile de îmbun ătăţire a 
securităţii documentelor vor trebui s ă valorifice cele mai recente evolu ţii în ceea ce 
priveşte folosirea biometriei. Pe lâng ă acestea, programele de asisten ţă tehnică ar putea s ă 
includă înfiinţarea unor centre de informare, de formare şi de educa ţie a forţei de munc ă. 
2.3. Federaţia Rusă 
2.3.1.  Cadrul actual pentru dialog 
Realizarea gradual ă a foii de parcurs a spa ţiului comun de libertate, securitate şi 
justiţie, adoptat ă în mai 2005, are loc în cadru l Acordului de parteneriat şi de 
cooperare UE-Rusia. Consiliul permanent de parteneriat în domeniul justi ţiei UE-
Rusia şi ministerele afacerilor interne monitorizeaz ă în cadrul reuniunilor bianuale 
punerea global ă în aplicare a acestui spa ţiu comun. În plus, au loc dialoguri 
informale şi reuniuni la nivel de exper ţi. Parteneriatul nostru strategic se întemeiaz ă 
pe valori comune care se afl ă la baza rela ţiilor UE-Rusia dup ă cum sunt înscrise în 
acordul de parteneriat şi cooperare şi în foaia de parcurs. Valorile prev ăd în mod 
explicit consolidarea cooper ării noastre prin respectarea drepturilor şi libertăţilor 
fundamentale în statele membre ale UE şi în Rusia care, în calitate de membru al 
Consiliului Europei, trebuie s ă respecte dispozi ţiile incluse în Conven ţia European ă a 
Drepturilor Omului.  
2.3.2.  Recomand ări 
Din momentul dezmembr ării URSS, Rusia a reprezentat o destina ţie principal ă 
pentru refugia ţi şi migranţi economici din ţările învecinate, precum şi o ţară cu un 
număr mare de persoane dislocate în interior ul teritoriului. Recent, Rusia a devenit, 
de asemenea, o ţară de tranzit major ă pentru fluxurile de migran ţi, în principal, din 
Asia de Sud-Est, China şi Afganistan, înspre  Europa Occidental ă. Astfel, cooperarea 
cu Rusia privind politicile în domeniul migra ţiei, cât şi circulaţia persoanelor 
reprezintă un aspect de o importan ţă crescândă.  
• Este necesar s ă se aprofundeze dialogul  global cu Rusia privind aspecte legate de migra ţie 
inclusiv azilul, lupta împotriva migra ţiei ilegale şi traficului de persoane, migra ţia forţei de 
muncă, cât şi privind toate aspectele sociale aferente ale migra ţiei. Sporirea schimburilor 
de experien ţă între statele membre ale UE şi Rusia cu privire la gestionarea migra ţiei forţei 
de muncă ar fi deosebit de folositoare. 
• Ar trebui s ă se intensific e punerea în aplicare a priorit ăţilor stabilite prin foaia de parcurs 
a spaţiului comun , şi anume obiectivele referitoar e la schimbul de informa ţii privind 
 
RO 11   RO politicile de gestionare a migra ţiei şi de cele mai bune practic i, inclusiv evaluarea 
statisticilor şi, dacă este cazul, cooperarea cu ţările terţe. În acest context, ar trebui 
încurajată cooperarea între autorit ăţile competente responsabile de punerea în aplicare a 
acordurilor privind facilitarea readmisiei  şi regimul vizelor , printr-o monitorizare atent ă a 
procesului de punere în aplicare a acestora, contribuind astfel la o combatere mai eficient ă 
a migraţiei ilegale şi favorizând în acela şi timp contactele interumane. În plus, dup ă cum s-
a stabilit în spa ţiul comun, a fost ini ţiat în calitate de obiect iv pe termen lung, dialogul 
pentru analizarea condi ţiilor privind c ălătoriile care nu pres upun obligativitatea de ţinerii 
unei vize. Cadrul recent stabilit ar putea fi folosit în vederea examin ării de modalit ăţi de 
amplificare a rela ţiilor în alte domenii legate de migra ţie. 
• Este necesar ă soluţionarea preocup ărilor referitoare la punerea în aplicare de c ătre 
legislaţia rusă a Conven ţiei privind statutul refugia ţiilor din 1951, printr-o consolidare a 
cooperării cu Federa ţia Rusă în ceea ce prive şte azilul . De asemenea, este necesar s ă se 
îmbunătăţească protecţia persoanelor dislocate în interiorul teritoriului în conformitate cu 
standardele interna ţionale, în special pentru a evita exercitarea de presiuni asupra 
sistemelor de azil ale ţărilor învecinate. 
• Schimburile de informa ţii privind cadrul legislativ în leg ătură cu toate formele de trafic de 
persoane ar trebui încurajate, inclusiv în cont extul task force pentru crima organizat ă (TF-
OC). Ar trebui îndeosebi sporit ă punerea în aplicare a Acor dului de cooperare Europol-
Rusia din 2003 privind lupta împot riva diverselor forme de activităţi ilegale 
transnaţionale . De asemenea, ar trebui sporit spriji nul pentru activitatea TF-OC în lupta 
împotriva traficului de persoane, în calitate de instrument destinat îmbun ătăţirii cooper ării 
regionale pluridisciplinare privind aplicarea legii în regiunea M ării Baltice şi, în special, în 
Federaţia Rusă. Ar trebui analizate modalit ăţi de consolidare a rolurilor Europol şi 
FRONTEX în regiunea M ării Baltice. 
• Existenţa unei cooper ări operaţionale eficiente între FRONTEX şi serviciul de paz ă a 
frontierelor ruse, dup ă cum se prevede în mandat, este important ă, în special, pentru 
promovarea celor mai bune practici în ceea ce prive şte gestionarea frontierelor. 
3. ALTE REGIUNI  
3.1. Ţările partenere PEV din estul Mediteranei (Siria, Liban şi Iordania) şi alte ţări 
din Orientul Mijlociu (Iran şi Irak) 
3.1.1.  Cadrul actual pentru dialog 
În ceea ce prive şte Libanul şi Iordania, migra ţia şi aspectele conexe acesteia sunt 
discutate în cadrul unor subcom itete aferente pentru migra ţie şi probleme sociale, în 
contextul acordurilor de asociere şi planurilor de ac ţiune PEV respective. Planul de 
acţiune cu Libanul include referin ţe specifice la coopera rea în domeniul migra ţiei şi 
gestionării frontierelor, parten eriatul cu FRONTEX, îmbun ătăţirea posibil ă a 
gestionării migraţiei forţei de munc ă, precum şi facilitarea regimului vizelor. Planul 
de acţiune cu Iordania cuprinde o sec ţiune destinat ă aspectelor legate de migra ţie, 
inclusiv posibilitatea discut ării cooper ării în domeniul migra ţiei de tranzit, azilului, 
precum şi aspectelor legate de regimul vizel or. Gestionarea frontierelor reprezint ă o 
altă prioritate în planurile de ac ţiune ale celor dou ă ţări. În cadrul acordului de 
cooperare actual nu exist ă un dialog bilateral formal cu Siria. Parteneriatul euro-
 
RO 12   RO mediteranean la care particip ă Libanul, Iordania şi Siria prevede, de asemenea, un 
dialog regional privind migra ţia între UE şi ţările partenere. Nu se prevede niciun 
cadru pentru dialogul cu Iranul8 şi niciun dialog oficial cu Irakul9 privind migra ţia şi 
aspectele conexe acesteia. 
3.1.2.  Recomand ări 
• Dialogul cu Libanul şi Iordania în domeniul migra ţiei, vizelor, azilului şi gestionării 
frontierelor va fi continuat în mod activ în cadrul reuniunilor subcomitetului aferent şi în 
conformitate cu priorit ăţile stabilite în planurile de ac ţiune PEV. În ceea ce prive şte Siria, 
un dialog bilateral privind migra ţia va fi lansat dup ă semnarea acordului de asociere. 
• Având în vedere importan ţa crescând ă a aspectelor legate de refugiaţii din aceste ţări, în 
special în ceea ce prive şte conflictul din Irak şi impactul acestuia asupra ţărilor învecinate 
şi luând în considerare faptul c ă până în prezent majoritatea refugia ţilor se afl ă în ţările 
gazdă (Iordania şi Siria fiind ţările gazdă cele mai importante cu 750 000 şi respectiv 1 
milion de refugia ţi), UE trebuie s ă fie pregătită să sprijine şi să participe în continuare la 
iniţiativele adecvate privind dialogul regional sau cooperarea. În rela ţiile lor cu Iordania şi 
Siria, UE şi statele membre ar trebui s ă promoveze în continuare condi ţii care să permită 
comunităţii internaţionale să asigure asisten ţă umanitar ă şi protecţie interna ţională, inclusiv 
sprijin prin proiec te de reabilitare şi alte programe. 
• Iranul ar trebui încurajat s ă deţină un rol mai activ în cooperarea cu ţările învecinate (în 
special Turcia şi Caucazul de Sud, dar şi Pakistan şi Afganistan) pentru prevenirea şi 
urmărirea penal ă a migraţiei clandestine şi a traficului  de persoane. S-ar putea analiza 
forme pilot concrete de c ooperare la nivel tehnic.  
• Toate aceste ţări ar treb ui deopotriv ă încurajate s ă ratifice, dac ă este cazul, şi să pună în 
aplicare Convenţia de la Geneva,  precum  şi Convenţia ONU împotriva criminalit ăţii 
transnaţionale organizate (UNTOC)  şi protocoalele adiţionale.  
3.2. Asia Central ă 
3.2.1.  Cadrul actual pentru dialog 
Migraţia şi aspectele conexe acesteia sunt  discutate în cadrul reuniunilor 
subcomitetelor din domeniul justi ţie şi afaceri interne, prev ăzute cu Kazahstanul şi 
Uzbekistanul în contextul AP C respective. Subiectul migra ţiei este, de asemenea, 
abordat în cadrul Comitetului de cooperare  APC UE-Kîrgîzstan. Cu toate acestea, nu 
există încă un dialog bilateral formal în domeniul migra ţiei cu Turkmenistanul şi 
Tadjikistanul. Pe lâng ă reuniunile men ţionate anterior, exist ă un dialog regional în 
domeniul migra ţiei între UE şi Asia Central ă. Cu timpul, UE poate inten ţiona să 
                                                 
8 Negocierile cu Iranul pentru încheierea unui acord comercial şi de cooperare (ACC) au fost lansate în 
2002. Din cauza crizei nucleare iraniene, nicio rund ă de negocieri nu a putut avea loc dup ă iulie 2005. 
În momentul în care este posibil s ă se reia negocierile pentru încheierea unui ACC, UE şi Republica 
Islamică Iran pot considera c ă este în interesul lor comun s ă includă unele dispozi ţii specifice pentru 
dialog şi cooperare în domeniul migra ţiei. 
9 În noiembrie 2006, Comisia a deschis negocierile pentru încheierea unui ACC cu Irakul. Dialogul cu 
Irakul în domeniul migra ţiei, vizelor şi azilului va depinde semnificativ de situa ţia privind securitatea în 
Irak, cât şi de măsura în care administra ţia irakian ă îşi consolideaz ă capacităţile proprii.  
 
RO 13   RO asigure includerea deplin ă a aspectelor legate de migra ţie în dialogul politic şi 
economic cu ţările Asiei Centrale. 
3.2.2.  Recomand ări 
• În ceea ce prive şte gestionarea frontierelor s-ar putea analiza posibilitatea stabilirii unei 
cooperări sporite, în conformitate cu orient area proiectului BOMCA (Border Management 
Programme for Central Asia – Programul de gestionare a frontierelor din Asia Central ă), 
sau prin intermediul altor proiecte în desf ăşurare din domeniul gestionării migra ţiei forţei 
de muncă. 
• Pentru ţările din regiune s-ar putea lua în considerare acordarea de asisten ţă tehnică în 
vederea sporirii cooper ării acestora cu UE, Turcia şi ţările estice partenere din PEV pentru 
prevenirea migra ţiei ilegale şi pentru lupta împotriva migra ţiei clandestine şi traficului de 
persoane.  
• Ţări partenere ar trebui deopotriv ă încurajate s ă ratifice, dac ă este cazul, şi să pună în 
aplicare Convenţia de la Geneva,  precum şi Convenţia ONU împotriva criminalit ăţii 
transnaţionale organizate (UNTOC)  şi protocoalele adiţionale. 
3.3. Ţări de origine din Asia 
3.3.1.  Cadrul actual pentru dialog 
Cadrul politic de cooperare cu Asia este stabilit de comunicarea din 2001,  Un cadru 
strategic pentru consolidarea  parteneriatelor Europa-Asia10. Aceasta prevede 
consolidarea dialogului şi cooperării cu Asia în anumite domenii, precum justi ţia şi 
afacerile interne, care include regimul vizelor, azilul, migra ţia şi alte politici legate 
de libera circula ţie a persoanelor, precum şi politicile sociale, provoc ările şi 
oportunităţile globaliz ării. Comisia consider ă că este necesar ca dialogul politic şi 
economic s ă fie promovat la nivel regional, atât în asocia ţii precum ASEAN şi 
ASEM, cât şi la nivel bilateral. 
În ceea ce prive şte China, consult ări la nivel înalt au loc periodic cu Comunitatea 
privind subiecte legate de  lupta împotriva migra ţiei ilegale şi traficului de persoane, 
punându-se accentul pe schimburile de informa ţii şi pe măsurile pentru instaurarea 
unui climat de încredere. În acest context se desf ăşoară schimburile de informa ţii 
privind legisla ţia adoptat ă de cele dou ă părţi şi consultările preliminare privind 
readmisia, precum şi discuţiile legate de mijloacele necesare c ălătoriilor către şi în 
interiorul Europei.  
3.3.2.  Recomand ări 
Pe lângă aspectele legate de migra ţie şi de dezvoltare, domenii precum regimul 
vizelor, azilul, migra ţia şi alte politici din domeniul liberei circula ţii a persoanelor 
dobândesc o importan ţă crescând ă în relaţiile noastre cu Asia, în special în contextul 
dezvoltării relaţiilor comerciale, inclusiv a comer ţului cu servicii; al schimb ărilor 
demografice care înregistreaz ă o creştere semnificativ ă a popula ţiei în cea mai mare 
parte a Asiei, în contrast cu declinul popula ţiei în Europa; precum şi al importan ţei 
                                                 
10 COM(2001) 469 din 4.9.2001. 
 
RO 14   RO sporite pe care o dobândesc migra ţia forţei de munc ă şi armonizarea cererii şi ofertei 
de forţă de munc ă la nivel global în anumite sectoare ale economiei. Elemente 
precum cre şterea migra ţiei din regiune, dezvoltarea dialogului pe aceste teme, 
includerea migra ţiei în noile acorduri de cooperare cu ţările din Asia de Sud-Est, cât 
şi dezvoltarea unor ini ţiative globale ca de exem plu procesul Bali indic ă această 
evoluţie. În plus, anumite ţări beneficiaz ă de atenţie special ă în urma priorit ăţii pe 
care UE le-o acord ă în cadrul politicii de readmisie. Acestea sunt ţări sau entit ăţi cu 
care Comunitatea fie a încheiat un acord de readmisie (Hong Kong, Macao şi Sri 
Lanka), este în curs de încheiere (Pakistan) sau urmeaz ă să negocieze un astfel de 
acord (China). De asemenea, UE a lansat un dialog bilateral şi multilateral cu Asia 
privind aspecte legate de migra ţia forţei de munc ă, inclusiv ocuparea for ţei de 
muncă, politici sociale şi educaţie. Ca punct de plecare, ab ordarea în continuare a 
cauzelor primare ale migra ţiei provenind din ţările terţe din aceast ă regiune 
presupune urm ătoarele: 
• necesitatea sprijinirii în continuare a negocierilor  în curs privind readmisia şi a 
iniţiativelor legate de lupta împotriva migraţiei clandestine şi traficului de persoane . 
• într-o perspectiv ă pe termen mediu, transformarea dialogului  privind toate aspectele legate 
de migraţie într-un element standard al dialogului politic şi economic cu ţările din regiune. 
Folosirea optim ă a posibilit ăţilor oferite de dialogul din cadrul ASEM, precum şi de 
secretariatul virtual al asocia ţiei în prezent în curs de instituire pentru schimbul de 
informaţii şi cele mai bune practici în domeniul migra ţiei. 
• necesitatea de a lua în considerare poten ţialul migra ţiei forţei de munc ă din Asia. 
Mobilitatea sporit ă şi bine gestionat ă a anumitor categorii de persoane din ţările din aceast ă 
regiune poate fi deosebit de important ă pentru UE, cât şi pentru dezvoltarea socio-
economic ă a ţărilor respective. Migra ţia forţei de munc ă a reprezentat un aspect important 
pe agenda dialogului recent  stabilit UE-India. Exist ă, de asemenea, posibilit ăţi de extindere 
a dialogului cu China în interesul ambelor p ărţi, dincolo de obiectiv ul principal actual 
privind migra ţia ilegală şi fluxurile de turi şti, în scopul facilit ării mobilit ăţii. În cadrul 
ASEM s-a instituit deopotriv ă un dialog privind migra ţia forţei de munc ă, iar în prezent se 
analizează posibilitatea consolid ării dialogului şi cooperării în acest domeniu cu ASEAN. 
Astfel, Comisia propune testarea terenului prin intermediul parteneriatelor de mobilitate  
cu anumite ţări selectate din regiune. 
4. ÎMBUNĂTĂŢIREA COORDON ĂRII 
Numeroase ini ţiative diverse sunt deja luate în vederea promov ării gestion ării 
migraţiei în ţările şi regiunile învecinate, cât şi în cele mai dep ărtate. Luând în 
considerare faptul c ă valoarea Abord ării globale ar cre şte dacă s-ar asigura o coeren ţă 
şi o complementaritate sporite între aceste ini ţiative, Comisia propune ca statele 
membre s ă contribuie ini ţial la completarea listei tuturor ini ţiativelor comunitare din 
ţările şi regiunile care fac obiectul prezentei comunic ări (a se vedea anexa I) cu lista 
propriilor ini ţiative naţionale. Astfel, se poate stabili o imagine complet ă a situaţiei 
actuale. 
Pe lângă aceasta, se pot întreprinde mai multe ac ţiuni pentru a în ţelege amploarea şi 
caracteristicile fluxurilor de migra ţie care provin din est şi sud-est. Informa ţiile 
disponibile nu sunt reunite sau folosite  în mod sistematic. Anumite organiza ţii dispun 
 
RO 15   RO de informa ţii valoroase referitoare la diverse re giuni care fac parte din abordarea 
globală a migraţiei. Ar putea fi luat ă în considerare o ini ţiativă de instituire a unei 
reţele de schimb de informa ţii între FRONTEX, Europol, OIM (Organiza ţia 
Internaţională pentru Migra ţie), ICMPD (Centrul Interna ţional pentru Dezvoltarea 
Politicilor în domeniul Migra ţiei), OIM (Organiza ţia Interna ţională a Muncii), 
diverse agen ţii ale ONU – Programul Na ţiunilor Unite pentru Dezvoltare (UNDP), 
Înaltul Comisariat ONU pentru Refugia ţi (UNHCR) şi Oficiul Na ţiunilor Unite 
privind Drogurile şi Crima (UNODC) în special – şi alte organiza ţii internaţionale şi 
regionale, precum Ini ţiativa de cooperare în Europa de Sud-Est (SECI).  
Având în vedere importan ţa migraţiei clandestine şi a traficului de persoane , este 
necesară o abordare mai coordonat ă pentru a duce mai departe ini ţiativele politice 
destinate s ă lupte împotriva acestui fenomen. Ini ţiativele concrete ar putea include 
dezvoltarea mai ampl ă a listelor de ini ţiative existente (a şa cum au fost deja 
întocmite de Alian ţa împotriva Traficului de Pers oane), extinderea dialogului cu 
ţările terţe privind promovarea politicilor eficie nte de combatere a traficului de 
persoane, precum şi abordarea unor domenii specif ice de interes, precum protec ţia 
victimelor acestui trafic, în special femeile şi copii. În plus, UE ar trebui s ă ia în 
considerare o participare activ ă în cadrul unor ini ţiative globale în desf ăşurare, 
precum Grupul ONU de cooperare interinstitu ţională privind traficul de persoane 
(ICAT). Programul recent adoptat, „Prevenirea şi combaterea criminalit ăţii” acordă 
sprijin financiar pentru proi ecte din domenii prioritare precum, prevenirea, protec ţia 
şi asistenţa victimelor, cât şi urmărirea penal ă şi sancţionarea infractorilor.  
În scopul combaterii fluxurilor ilegale de migra ţie, ar trebui s ă se acorde o mai mare 
importanţă rolului de ţinut de FRONTEX şi, în acela şi timp, să se asigure o coeren ţă 
şi o coordonare între activit ăţile acesteia şi politica global ă a UE în domeniul 
relaţiilor externe. Printre priorit ăţile geografice ale Agen ţiei FRONTEX în 2007 se 
numără dezvoltarea cooper ării cu Rusia, Ucraina, Moldova, Georgia, Balcanii 
Occidentali şi ţările din Asia, în special China, Pakistan şi India. Având în vedere c ă 
în prezent strategia şi programul de lucru sunt stabilite, este necesar s ă se garanteze 
Agenţiei FRONTEX resursele de care are ne voie pentru îndeplinirea eficient ă a 
mandatului s ău, iar statele membre trebuie s ă se asigure c ă dispun de resurse 
disponibile adecvate pent ru participarea la opera ţiunile comune ale FRONTEX şi la 
analizele de risc, dac ă este cazul. De asemenea, se recomand ă posibilitatea folosirii 
RABIT (echipe de interven ţie rapidă la frontiere) la frontierele din est şi sud-est. 
FRONTEX ar trebui s ă dezvolte în continuare met odologii adecvate de informare 
pentru a oferi analize de risc fiabile şi ar trebui, în egal ă măsură, încurajat ă să 
participe la proiecte, reuniuni, conferin ţe şi programe de formare cu ţările terţe.  
De asemenea, este necesar ă o abordare mai coordonat ă pentru a asigura 
îmbunătăţirea gestion ării migraţiei forţei de munc ă. Iniţiativele în acest domeniu 
trebuie să implice to ţi protagoni ştii, şi anume ministerele comer ţului, muncii şi 
educaţiei, cât şi alte părţi interesate, precum partenerii sociali. Ini ţiativele concrete ar 
trebui să evalueze şi să preconizeze în func ţie de nivelul de calificare, cererea şi 
oferta globale de for ţă de munc ă, cât şi să abordeze aspecte conexe precum, 
recunoaşterea competen ţelor şi calificărilor, accesul pe pia ţa muncii, integrarea 
migranţilor, promovarea şi facilitarea noilor forme de migra ţie ca de exemplu 
migraţia temporar ă şi circulatorie, precum şi consolidarea capacit ăţii serviciilor de 
ocupare a for ţei de munc ă din ţările terţe. Iniţiativele s-ar situa în strâns ă legătură cu 
procesul de promovare a muncii decente pentru to ţi în contextul migra ţiei.  
 
RO 16   RO Statele membre ale UE ar putea spori în regiune num ărul ofiţerilor de leg ătură în 
domeniul imigra ţiei (ILO) şi dezvolta re ţelele de ILO pe rutele principale de 
migraţie. Comunitatea poate contribui la aceste  eforturi prin Fondul European pentru 
Frontierele Externe. 
Instituirea unor centre comune pentru solicitarea de vize  – precum cel deschis în 
Moldova care beneficiaz ă de cooperarea cu Austria, Ungaria, Letonia şi Slovenia şi, 
în curând, cu Estonia şi Danemarca – ar putea, de asemenea, s ă contribuie la 
furnizarea comun ă de servicii între statele membre. În  plus, lansarea la nivel regional 
a Sistemului de informa ţii privind vizele ar putea stimula intensificarea reprezent ării 
statelor membre, precum şi înfiinţarea unor centre comune pent ru solicitarea de vize 
în această regiune. 
În scopul îmbun ătăţirii gestion ării migraţiei, UE şi statele membre î şi intensific ă 
activităţile în sprijinul ţărilor terţe. Instrumentul TAIEX al CE pentru misiunile de 
experţi pe termen scurt de ţine un rol important în  punerea la dispozi ţie de exper ţi 
necesari pentru ţările terţe, inclusiv în alte domenii JLS. În prezent, mandatul 
biroului este totu şi limitat la ţările candidate şi la ţările care fac obiectul PEV. În 
viitor s-ar putea analiza noi forme de cooperare. 
5. CONCLUZII  
Regiunile care se învecineaz ă c u  U E  l a  e s t  şi sud-est sunt importante în ceea ce 
priveşte migraţia legală şi ilegală, atât în rândul ţărilor din regiunea respectiv ă, cât şi 
pentru UE. Dialogul şi cooperarea în domeniul migra ţiei se află deja într-o etap ă 
foarte avansat ă cu numeroase ţări din aceste regiuni, în sp ecial cu privire la lupta 
împotriva migra ţiei ilegale. Aplicarea Abord ării globale în cazul acestor regiuni 
presupune c ă, în măsura mijloacelor disponibile, au loc în continuare dezvoltarea, 
echilibrarea şi extinderea cooper ării – şi anume printr-o abordare îmbun ătăţită a 
aspectelor legate de mobilitate şi de dezvoltarea dimensiunii migra ţiei – în scopul de 
a permite UE s ă câştige mai mult ă credibilitate în fa ţa partenerilor s ăi şi să acceadă la 
etapa urm ătoare în procesul de cooperare cu ace ştia.  
Într-o prim ă fază, Comisia consider ă esenţial ca, folosindu-se cadrul existent pentru 
discutarea migra ţiei, să fie intensificat dialogul şi consolidate acordurile privind 
mobilitatea în rela ţiile UE cu ţările partenere PEV. Pentru îndeplinirea acestei 
priorităţi politice, pân ă la sfârşitul lui 2007, ar trebui realizat ă o evaluare a 
procedurilor actuale de acordare a vizelor şi ar trebui analizate m ăsurile practice 
pentru facilitarea mobilit ăţii categoriilor principale de c ălători prev ăzute de 
regimurile actuale de vize. Dat ă fiind modificarea frontierelor UE dup ă extindere, în 
prezent, promovarea cooper ării regionale cu regiunea M ării Negre şi în interiorul 
acestei regiuni, în special în domeniile referitoare la controlul frontierelor şi la 
combaterea migra ţiei ilegale solicit ă o atenţie special ă. De asemenea, cooperarea cu 
Federaţia Rusă ar trebui continuat ă şi intensificat ă. În plus, se vor extinde în 
continuare dialogul şi cooperarea cu ţările şi regiunile de origine mai îndep ărtate din 
est.  
Un obiectiv fundamental în aplicarea Abord ării globale acestor re giuni îl constituie 
necesitatea de a men ţine coeren ţa politică şi de a asigura complementaritatea cu 
dialogul şi iniţiativele de cooperare în  curs privind migra ţia şi subiectele conexe care 
 
RO 17   RO se desfăşoară deja în contextul global al politicii externe a UE. În strâns ă colaborare 
şi coordonare cu statele membre şi cu toate celelalte p ărţi interesate, Comisia va 
asigura coeren ţa, complementaritatea şi monitorizarea adecvat ă, alături de un 
calendar, atunci când e posibil,  pentru coordonarea Abord ării globale în aceste 
regiuni. 
 
RO 18   RO Annex I:  
Acronyms and glossary 
1. A CRONYMS  
ASEAN : Association of S outh-East Asian Nations 
ASEM : Asia-Europe Meeting BSBCIC : Black Sea Border Coordi nation and Information Centre 
BSEC : Black Sea Economic Cooperation BOMCA : Border Management in Central Asia ENP : European Neighbourhood Policy EUBAM : EU Border Assistance Mission ICAT : UN Inter-Agency Coopera tion Group on Human Trafficking 
ICMPD : International Centre for Migration Policy Development  ILO : Immigration Liaison Officer ILO : International Labour Organization IOM : International Orga nisation for Migration  
IPA : Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance MARRI : The Migration, Asylum, Refugees Regional Initiative 
PCA : Partnership and Cooperation Agreement 
RABIT : Rapid Border Intervention Team 
SAA : Stabilisation and Association Agreement 
SECI : South-East Europ ean Cooperative Initiative 
SEECP : South-East Cooperation Process STM : Stabilisation and Associat ion Process Tracking Mechanism 
TAIEX : Technical Assistance and In formation Exchange Instrument 
TF-OC : Task Force on Organised Crime in the Baltic Sea Region UNDP : United Nations Development Programme 
 
RO 19   RO UNHCR : United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 
UNODC : United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime UNTOC : UN Convention Against Transnational Organised Crime 
2. G
 LOSSARY  
Asia-Europe Meeting : ASEM is an informal dialogue process initiated in 1996. The EU 
Member States, the European Commission and thirteen Asian countries (Brunei, 
Burma/Myanmar, China, Cambodia, Indonesia,  Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Laos, the 
Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam) participate in the process. The ASEM 6 
Summit held in September 2006 decided to adm it India, Mongolia, Pakistan and the ASEAN 
Secretariat to the ASEM process, upon thei r completion of the necessary procedures. 
Bali Process : brings participants together to work on practical measures to help combat 
people smuggling, trafficking in persons and relate d transnational crimes in the Asia-Pacific 
region and beyond. Initiated at the "Regional Ministerial Conference on People Smuggling, 
Trafficking in Persons and Related Transnationa l Crime" held in Bali in February 2002, the 
Bali Process follow-up is a collaborative effort  participated in by over fifty countries and 
numerous international agencies. 
Budapest Process : a consultative forum of more than  fifty Governments from the wider 
European region and ten international organi sations, which aims to promote good governance 
in the field of migration, a harmonised appr oach in dealing with  irregular migration 
challenges and support for the transfer and co mmon understanding of migr ation concepts and 
policies. 
Cooperation platforms on migration and development : A concept proposed in the 2006 
Communication on the Global Approach and e ndorsed by the December European Council. 
The idea is to bring together  migration and development actor s in a country or region to 
manage migration more effectivel y, in the interests of all, along specific  migratory routes. 
Such platforms would bring together representa tives of the country or countries concerned 
with Member States, the Commissi on and international organisations. 
Global Approach to Migration : brings together migrati on, external relations and 
development policy to address migration in an integrated, comprehensive and balanced way in 
partnership with third countries . It comprises the whole migra tion agenda, including legal and 
illegal migration, combating trafficking in human beings and smug gling of migrants, 
strengthening protection for refugees, enhancin g migrant rights and harnessing the positive 
links that exist between migration and develo pment. It is underscored by the fundamental 
principles of partnership, solidarity and shar ed responsibility and uses the concept of 
'migratory routes' to develop and implement policy. 
MARRI : an initiative forming part of the Sout h-East European Cooperation Process which 
aims to enhance regional cooperation. Partic ipating states are Albania, Bosnia and 
Herzegovina, Croatia, the former Yugoslav Repu blic of Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia. 
Its regional centre is located in Skopje. 
 
RO 20   RO Migration portals : web portals with information abou t legal migration opportunities and 
various other aspects of migration. The establis hment of these web portals will be financially 
supported by the new budget line, 'Preparatory Action: Migration manage ment – Solidarity in 
action'. 
Migration profiles : a tool to bring together and analyse all the relevant information needed to 
develop policy in the field of migration a nd development and to monitor the impact of 
policies implemented.  
Migration routes initiative : work along  the main migratory rout es through a particular 
region and towards the EU is identified and ta kes into account the need to work in close 
collaboration with the third countries along these routes.   
Mobility partnerships: would provide the overall framewor k for managing various forms of 
legal movement between the EU and third countrie s. Such partnerships would be agreed with 
those third countries committed to fighting illegal immigrati on and that have effective 
mechanisms for readmission. Mobility partnershi ps are in the process of being developed – 
see the Communication on Circular migration and mobility partnerships between the 
European Union and third countries , adopted simultaneously.  
Regional networks of ILOs : coordination mechanisms to bri ng together Immigration Liaison 
Officers so as to better c oordinate and share informati on at the regional level. 
Söderköping Process : supported by the EC, its strategic obj ective is to facil itate cross-border 
cooperation between a number of EU Member St ates, Candidate countri es and the countries 
of Eastern Europe on asylum, migra tion and border management issues. 
 
RO 21   RO Annex II:  
Examples of EU cooperation with and a ssistance to countries covered by the 
Communication 
This annex aims to provide an overview of the cooperation which has been established until 
now in the field of migration and asylum by th e EU and the European and Asiatic countries 
which are located along the migratory routes on  the Eastern and South- Eastern flanks of the 
EU. The list is indicative and by no means exhaustive. 
The annex presents the projects which have been funded by the Euro pean Commission in 
these countries in the field of asylum, mi gration, border management and visa policy.  
As regards the information include d, it should be underlined that:  
a) only those projects that were committed through programmes of the previous EU financial 
framework (2000-2006) are included in the list;  
b) projects related to development of border infra structures or addressing customs services or 
the police forces generically (not  specifically the border police) are not included in the list; 
and 
c) projects addressing the root  causes of migration or traffi cking in human beings are not 
listed. 
The information presented should be used activ ely. Other donors can more  easily see what the 
EC has been funding up to now, whereas we stimul ate our implementing part ners to take this 
information available on past projects into account when drafting proposals for future 
activities. 
 
RO 22   RO 1. Countries in the Eastern and South- Eastern regions neighbouring the EU 
1.1 The Western Balkans and Turkey 
Regional Project Name Establishment of EU compa tible legal, regulatory and institutional 
frameworks in the fields of as ylum, migration and visa matters 
(CARDS/2003/077-352) 
Location Western Balkans 
Implementation period January 2004 – February 2006 
Implementing Partner Swedish Migration Board, together with ICMPD, IOM, UNHCR 
Budget/EC 
contribution € 3.000.000 / € 3.000.000  
Funding Programme CARDS 
Responsible DG ELARG 
Description The objectives of the project were to contribute to a better strategic and 
technical understanding of EU standards and the best practices in the field of asylum, migration and visa; to support the development of a regional strategy, based upon benchmarks that translate a set of commonly accepted EU technical standards, practices and principles; to contribute in the development of detailed national strategies together 
with implementation action plans; to contribute to institution and 
capacity building. The project also promoted the creation of a regional network among the officials in the 5 countries of the region 
 
Project Name Support to and coordination of Integrated Border Management Strategies in 
the Western Balkans (CARDS/2004/081-242) 
Location Western Balkans 
Implementation period January 2005 – April 2007 
Implementing Partner France, Austria, OSCE, ICMPD 
 
RO 23   RO Budget/EC 
contribution € 1.999.984 
Funding Programme  CARDS  
Responsible DG ELARG 
Description The project provided assistance to the countries for the development of 
their national Integrated Border Management strategies and Action Plans in order to ensure that these are coherent and effectively co-ordinated at the regional level. The project has contributed to this 
process by raising awareness and understanding of the concepts and 
relevant EU standards and best practice, as listed in the IBM Guidelines for Western Balkans. The assistance  has supported a multidisciplinary 
approach, including support to bord er police, customs, veterinary and 
phyto-sanitary inspection services, as well as to other services involved 
in border management issues. 
 
Project Name  Fostering sustainable reintegration in Albania, the Kosovo province and 
former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, by reinforcing local NGO capacity service provision to returnees (2002/HLWG/003)  
Location Albania, the Kosovo province and the FYR of Macedonia 
Implementation period November 2003 – November 2005 
Implementing Partner IOM 
Budget/EC 
contribution € 700.759,69 / € 560.607,76 
Funding Programme B7-667 
Responsible DG JLS 
Description This project focused on new mechanisms and the development of 
existing ones for return and reinteg ration through support to local 
NGOs (service provision and counse lling capacities). The IOM offices in 
Western Europe defined a list of potential returnees and were able to 
develop a database. The project was then pursued in Albania, Kosovo 
and former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, by workshops for local NGOs. Reintegration services could then be provided: for instance a reintegration package was defined. Another component of the project was the development of different campaigns to raise public awareness of the targeted areas. 
 
Project Name Network of immigration liaison officers (ILO) in the Western Balkans 
(Albania and surrounding region) (2002/HLWG/013) 
Location Albania and surrounding region 
 
RO 24   RO Implementation period November 2002 –December 2003 
Implementing Partner Commissariaat General - Beleid Int ernationale Politiesamenverking, 
Belgium 
Budget/EC 
contribution € 729.500 / € 429.750 
Funding Programme B7-667 
Responsible DG JLS 
Description This project implemented by the Belg ian authorities aimed at creating 
an Immigration Liaison Officers’ network (ILO) in the Western 
Balkans in order to structure and co nsolidate exchange of information 
and possible co-operation between th e ILOs in the Western Balkans as 
well as with other important partners and local authorities. 
The added value of this project was the possible harmonisation of 
activities, the updated knowledge and the definition of policy guidelines 
in this field in the Western Balkans. 
 
Project Name Promoting regular migration in  the Western Balkans through establishment 
of regional migrant service centres pr oviding information and migration 
related services” (2003/HLWG/051) 
Location Western Balkans 
Implementation period December 2004 – June 2006 
Implementing Partner IOM 
Budget/EC 
contribution € 815.119,64 / € 652.095,71 
Funding Programme B7-667 
Responsible DG JLS 
Description The aim was to promote orderly la bour migration flows and related 
awareness-raising through the creation  of the first regional network of 
Migration Services Centres (MSCs) in the Western Balkans. The project 
contributed to establish and run 6 MSCs (Skopje, Prishtina, Belgrade, 
Zagreb, Sarajevo, and Tirana, the la st one having been created before 
the project and representing a model for the others) and a website, through which not only would be migrants, but also people interested to return and reintegration, were provided counselling. 
 Project Name Training Action for the Balkans:  Three intensive seminars on Asylum and 
International Protection for 120 civil servants (2005/103474) 
 
RO 25   RO Location Western Balkans 
Implementation period December 2005 – December 2007 
Implementing Partner ERA- Académie de Droit Européen 
Budget/EC 
contribution € 641.643 / € 512.617 
Funding Programme AENEAS 2004 
Responsible DG EuropeAid 
Description Three seminars, one week each, will give a general overview of all the 
issues related to the migration and asylum, in particular: legal 
migration; dialogue on migratory flows; readmission and reintegration of the returnees; illegal migration. 
 
Project Name Strong Institutions and a Unif ied Approach in the Asylum, Migration and 
Visa Management in the Western Balkans (2006/120-144) 
Location Western Balkans 
Implementation period January 2007 – October 2008 
Implementing Partner Migrationsverket 
Budget/EC 
contribution € 625.000 / € 500.000 
Funding Programme AENEAS 2005 
Responsible DG EuropeAid 
Description A better management of all aspects of migration flows in the region by 
regulating and facilitating legal migration and curbing illegal migration in the Western Balkan Countries 
 
Project Name Development of communication and information exchange systems on 
illegal migration in the Wester n Balkan region (2006/120-275) 
Location Western Balkans 
Implementation period January 2007 – June 2008 
Implementing Partner Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of Hungary - Office of EU Co-
ordination and ICMPD 
Budget/EC 
contribution € 625.000 / € 500.000 
 
RO 26   RO Funding Programme AENEAS 2005 
Responsible DG EuropeAid 
Description To assist the five SAp countries in the WB region in their efforts to 
developing a system for exchanging  communication and information on 
illegal migration, and more particular ly focussed on the preparation of 
the WB countries to the use of ICONET  system and to the participation 
in the CIREFI group 
Albania  
Project Name  National Strategy on Migration (CARDS/2003/71910)  
Location  Albania 
Implementation period  September 2003 – July 2005 
Implementing Partner  IOM 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 1.249.989 / € 1.000.000 
Funding Programme  CARDS 
Responsible DG  EC DEL Tirana 
 
RO 27   RO Description  The project addressed the need for reform in the field of migration 
management in Albania through the development of a national strategy 
on migration. 
 
Project Name  'Establishment of EU compatible legal, regulatory and institutional 
frameworks? '(CARDS)  
Location  Albania 
Funding Programme  CARDS 
Responsible DG  EC DEL Tirana 
Description  CARDS 2002-3 promoted the establishment of EU compatible legal, 
regulatory and institutional frameworks in the fields of asylum, migration and visa matters.  
 
Project Name  Sustainable return, reintegration and development in Albania through 
consolidated preparatory actions for migration management (2001/HLWG/102)  
Location  Albania 
Implementation period  April 2002 – December 2003 
Implementing Partner  IOM 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 835.885,00 / € 635.883 
Funding Programme  HLWG – B7-667 
Responsible DG  JLS 
Description  This project aimed to develop and strengthen regional capacities to 
manage irregular migration flows into, through and from Albania. This 
has been achieved by establishing th e necessary mechanisms to facilitate 
the voluntary return and sustainable reintegration of 175 victims of trafficking and illegal migrants stranded in Albania in their countries of origin such as Turkey, Moldova and Ukraine. The project was 
instrumental for the establishment of a National Reception Centre 
(NRC). It served as a preparatory measure working towards the long-term development of a sustainable migration management system.  
 
Project Name  Upgrading the border control system of Albania along European standards 
(2001/HLWG/124)  
Location  Albania 
 
RO 28   RO Implementation period  December 2001 – April 2003 
Implementing Partner  ICMPD 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 551.649,43 / € 441.320 
 
Funding Programme  HLWG – B7-667 
Responsible DG  JLS 
Description  This project aimed to develop a blueprint for a border guarding system 
and a master plan for its realisation. In order to achieve these goals, 
ICMPD worked closely with the Albanian authorities to establish an 
International Border Guarding Task Force. The project also elaborated 
jointly with the Albanian authorities an action plan which was the basis for later funding by the programme CARDS, thanks to the blueprint of 
the Albanian border system provided. 
 
Project Name  Developing of the asylum system in Albania (2001/HLWG/127 and 
2004/81185)  
Location  Albania 
Implementation period  January 2002 – June 2006 
Implementing Partner  UNHCR 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 764.438, 87 / € 732.088 (B7-667) 
€2.000.000 / € 2.000.000 (2004/81185) 
Funding Programme  HLWG – B7-667 
CARDS 
Responsible DG  JLS and EC DEL Tirana 
Description  The overall objective of these projects was to set up a functioning and 
effective mechanism for asylum and refugee protection in Albania. This projects work along the lines of a three-stage process: pre-procedure (access), procedure (refugee status determination) and post-procedure (durable solutions). 
In term of access to the asylum system, fair and efficient procedures for 
the border regime, consistent with International and European protection standards, are being developed and implemented.  
 
Project Name  Migrant Service Centres (CARDS)  
 
RO 29   RO Location  Albania 
Implementing Partner  IOM 
Funding Programme  CARDS 2003 
Responsible DG  EC DEL Tirana 
Description  Migrant Service Centers were established p roviding information and 
migration related service in particular  to improve management of labour 
migration towards Italy.  
 
Project Name  “Combating irregular migration in Albania and the wider region; 
Targeted support to capacity bu ilding within the framework of 
readmission support to Albania” (2003/HLWG/055) 
Location  Albania 
Implementation period  December 2004 – June 2006 
Implementing Partner  IOM 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 882.345,45; EU grant: € 705.876,36 
Funding Programme  HLWG – B7-667 
Responsible DG  JLS 
Description  Relevant Albanian authorities recei ved information on the EU best 
practices related to management of apprehended illegal migrants, 
received training (including on foreign languages), were adviced 
regarding the standards to be respected for the establishement of a reception center for illegal migrants in Albania, for the handling of the latter and for their repatriation to their home countries. 
 
Project Name  Implementation of the readmission agreement (CARDS)  
Location   Albania 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 2.000.000 
Funding Programme  CARDS 2004 
Responsible DG  ELARG 
 
Project Name  Building a Mechanism to effectively an d sustainable implement readmission 
agreements between Albania, the EC and third countries (2005/103499)  
 
RO 30   RO Location  Albania 
Implementation period  December 2005 – April 2008 
Implementing Partner  Ministry of Interior, Public Administration and Decentralisation of the 
Hellenic Republic; IOM 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 1.818.460 / € 1.454.768 
Funding Programme  AENEAS 2004 
Responsible DG  EuropeAid 
Description  The project supported Albania to identify and manage the return of 
third country returned illegal migran ts and to help reintegration of 
returned Albanians . 
 Project Name  W.A.R.M. (2005/103559)  
Location  Albania 
Implementation period  January 2006 – December 2008 
Implementing Partner  Comune di Roma 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 1.519.207 / € 1.215.196 
Funding Programme  AENEAS 2004 
Responsible DG  EuropeAid 
Description  Reintegration of Albanian returnees  through their insertion on labour 
market and through micro-enterprises creation. 
 
Project Name  ALBAMAR (2005/103632)  
Location  Albania and Morocco 
Implementation period  December 2005 – December 2008 
Implementing Partner  COOPI - Cooperazione Internazionale 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 1.668.216 / € 1.334.572 
Funding Programme  AENEAS 2004 
Responsible DG  EuropeAid 
 
RO 31   RO Description  Definition and implementation of an integrated support to Moroccan 
and Albanian migrants forcedly or voluntarily repatriated from Italy 
that are highly exposed to the ri sks of illegal migration and criminal 
activities 
 
Project Name  Former et créer un réseau institutionnel pour l’identification, l’accueil et 
l’intégration durable des personnes en retour  
Location  Albania 
Implementation period  January 2007 – December 2008 
Implementing Partner  Associazione Centro Europa Per La Scuola Educazione E Societa-Ceses 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 834.551 / € 652.443 
Funding Programme  AENEAS 2005 
Responsible DG  EuropeAid 
Description  Soutenir les institutions albanaises dans le processus de création d’un 
système efficace de gestion des flux des personnes en retour visé à la 
mise en œuvre de l’accord de réadmission avec la CE et à l'élimination des causes de l'émigration illégal. 
Bosnia and Herzegovina  
Project Name  Support to Migration Manageme nt Capacities (2003/72875 and 
2005/115633)  
Location   Bosnia and Herzegovina 
Implementation period   November 2003 – January 2008 
Implementing Partner   IOM 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 870.000 / € 870.000 (2003/72875) 
€ 1.200.000 / € 1.200.000(2005/115633) 
Funding Programme  CARDS 2003 and 2005 
Responsible DG  DEL Bosnia and Herzegovina 
Description  These projects aim at ensuring that the Sector for Immigration and 
Asylum, established within the Ministry of Security have administrative 
and procedural capacity that will allow Bosnia and Herzegovina to 
effectively manage population movements, and develop a migration policy for Bosnia and Herzegovina that will be coordinated by the 
Ministry of Security and regul arly reviewed; to ensure that 
management structures necessary fo r the effective implementation of 
migration policies and legislation, in line with the EU standards and 
 
RO 32   RO practices are developed; to strengthen the legislative basis for the 
management of migration processes in Bosnia and Herzegovina by 
developing new legislation and by -laws and consolidating existing 
legislation and procedures in line with EU standards and practices and other international norms; to establish a Migration Information System that will allow the Ministry of Security to collect and analyze information about non-citizens that will be used to develop migration policy, visa requirements and impr ove legislation and procedures. 
 
Project Name  Support to Asylum Management  Capacities (2003/072-091 and 
2005/109048)  
Location  Bosnia and Herzegovina 
Implementation period  October 2003 – June 2007 
Implementing Partner  UNHCR 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 1.000.000 / € 1.000.000 (2003/072-091) 
€ 800.000 / € 800.000 (2005/109048) 
Funding Programme  CARDS 
Responsible DG  EC DEL Sarajevo 
Description  These projects have the following key objective: to establish a clearly 
identified and independent authority, as a competent “asylum unit” 
within the competent ministry, with responsibility for examining requests for refugee status and taking decisions on refugee status in the first instance. 
 Project Name  Strengthening the protection of asylum seekers (2005/103661)  
Location  Bosnia and Herzegovina 
Implementation period  January 2006 – December 2007 
Implementing Partner  VASA PRAVA – Bosnia and Herzegovina 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 856.932,56 / € 616.562,98 
Funding Programme  AENEAS 2004 
Responsible DG  EuropeAid 
Description  Ensuring a maximum protection and access to justice for asylum 
seekers, recognized refugees and ot her categories of persons under 
international protection in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and victims of 
human trafficking, ensuring the full access to their rights via the 
 
RO 33   RO provision of free legal aid and information campaigns. 
 Project Name  Support to EU support for the implementation of the Integrated Border 
Management Strategy for Bosn ia and Hezegovina (2006/120289)  
Location  Bosnia and Herzegovina 
Implementation period  May 2006 – April 2008 
Implementing Partner  IOM 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 1.018.016 / € 1.000.000 
Funding Programme  CARDS 
Responsible DG  DEL Bosnia and Herzegovina 
Description  EU support to the Indirect Taxation Agency (ITA), State Border 
Service, Veterinary and phyto-sanit ary and market inspectorates by 
providing training, study tours and workshops, revision of legislation, 
and setting up a joint analysis centre. 
Croatia  
Project Name  Protection of Asylum seekers in the Republic of Croatia and Regio 
(2005/103578)  
Location  Croatia 
Implementation period  January 2006 – December 2008 
Implementing Partner  Croatian Law Centre 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 1.274.842,27 / € 1.000.000 
Funding Programme  AENEAS 2004 
Responsible DG  EuropeAid 
Description  Strengthening the protection in CRO and region (Bosnia and 
Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro) by developing asylum system consistent with international standards. 
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia  
Project Name  Enhancement of the asylum management system (2003/01/08)  
Location  The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 
Implementation period  April 2006 – December 2006 
 
RO 34   RO Implementing Partner  Transtec (BE) 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 160.000 / € 160.000 
Funding Programme  CARDS 2003 
Responsible DG  ELARG 
Description  The programme provides short-term technical assistance in the field of 
asylum regarding the definition of operational procedures on asylum and the design of an IT platform for the relevant line ministries. The 
aim of the project is to enhance th e asylum management system in the 
country. 
 
Project Name  Construction of reception centre for asylum seekers (2002/01/14)  
Location  The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 
Implementation period  February 2005 – December 2006 
Implementing Partner  GD Granit AD Skopje (MK) 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 1.850.000 / € 1.850.000 
Funding Programme  CARDS 2002 
Responsible DG or EC 
Delegation  ELARG 
Description  The project aims to construct a reception centre for asylum seekers. The 
centre will be located in the vicinity of Skopje and will have an administrative building for registration and administration of asylum seekers and several buildings for hosting asylum seekers. It will be able 
to host up to 150 persons, but the design includes possible future 
extension for up to 300 people. 
 
Project Name  Development of immigration and asyl um strategy, legislation and action 
plan (2002/01/14; 2003/01/08)  
Location  The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 
Implementation period  February 2004 – December 2005 
Implementing Partner  Charles Kendall & Partners Ltd (UK); B&S Europe (BE) 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 160.000 / € 160.000 – CARDS 2002; € 1.000.000 / € 1. 000.000 – CARDS 
2003 
 
RO 35   RO Funding Programme  CARDS 2002 - 2003 
Responsible DG or EC 
Delegation  ELARG 
Description  The programme provided technical assistance and training to develop 
and implement the National Action Plan for Migration and Asylum. The TA team also provided amendm ents to primary and secondary 
legislation pertaining to the new Law on Asylum as well as assisted in the development of the new Law on  the Movement a nd Residence of 
Foreigners. In the framework of the programme, a new project proposal 
has been launched that will look into the enhancement of the asylum management system in the country. 
Serbia
11 
Project Name  Building an Asylum structure in Serbia and Montenegro (2003/HLWG/046)  
Location  Serbia and Montenegro 
Implementation period  October 2004 – October 2006 
Implementing Partner  UNHCR 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 762.936,02 / € 530.890,77 
Funding Programme  B7-667 - HLWG 
Responsible DG  JLS 
Description  This UNHCR project was designed to assist the authorities in setting up 
an asylum structure. This implies defining competencies and responsibilities on asylum within the current constitutional framework; Adopting an asylum law at the state level; Putting a functioning body in 
charge of asylum seekers and refugees; Setting up a fair RSD (Refugee 
Determination Status) process; Establishing reception centres. 
The project target is to set up the initial phases of a functioning 
protection mechanism; a first step, which targets the achievement of the adoption of Refugee legislation and the establishment of reception 
centres. In March 2005, the asylum law of the SGC at the state level was 
adopted, but remains incomplete, despite active lobbying during the formulation of the law. Negotiations on defining the best location for the reception centres in Serbia and in Mo ntenegro are ongoing. The target 
is to have a centre in Serbia with  a capacity of accommodating 200 
people and of 110 people minimum in Montenegro. 
 
                                                 
11 Projects which started before the separation of Serbia and Montenegro and which now cover both 
countries can be found under Serbia. 
 
RO 36   RO Project Name  Building an Asylum structure in Serbia and Montenegro (2005/103439)  
Location  Serbia and Montenegro 
Implementation period  January 2006 – December 2007 
Implementing Partner  UNHCR 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 872.507,41 / € 698.005,92 
Funding Programme  AENEAS 2005 
Responsible DG  EuropeAid 
Description  Continuation of assistance to Serbia  and Montenegro to develop their 
asylum structures. 
 
Project Name  Employed, Empowered – Serbia (2006/120-073)  
Location  Serbia 
Implementation period  November 2006 – November 2008 
Implementing Partner  Stichting Center for Democracy and R econciliation in Southeast Europe 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 699.834 / € 559.867 
Funding Programme  AENEAS 2005 
Responsible DG  EuropeAid 
Description  The specific objective of the project is to support the durable 
reintegration of refugees, IDPs and returnees into society by researching 
solutions enabling them to build up sustainable livelihoods for themselves. 
 Project Name  Support to the process of readmission through sustainable reintegration of 
returnees from Western Europe to Se rbia and Montenegro (2006/120-168)  
Location  Serbia and Montenegro 
Implementation period  January 2006 – June 2008 
Implementing Partner  Kentro Anaptyxis kai Ekpaidefsis Evropaiki Prooptiki 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 1.750.404,66 / €1.339.059,56 
 
RO 37   RO Funding Programme  AENEAS 2005 
Responsible DG  EuropeAid 
Description  Overall objective of the action is s upport to the process of readmission 
through sustainable reintegration of returnees from Western Europe to Serbia and Montenegro. 
Turkey  
Project Name  Support to the Turkish Immigration authorities in the area of asylum 
(2001/HLWG/115)  
Location  Turkey  
Implementation period  June 2002- November 2004 
Implementing Partner  Bundesamt für die Anerkennung ausl ändischer Flüchtlinge (BAFL), 
Germany. 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 577.800, 50 / € 457.628,00 
Funding Programme  B7-667 – HLWG 
Responsible DG  JLS 
Description  The aim of this project implemented by the German Bundesamt für die 
Anerkennung ausländischer Flüchtlinge (BAFL) was to promote partnership with Turkey on migration policy in order to contribute to a 
better control and prevention of migration flows and to help to combat 
illegal migration by establishing an effective asylum system. It helped to develop an efficient and balanced migration administration in all fields, in particular the development and establishment of an asylum system, corresponding to the EU acquis. This project has also contributed to a 
certain extent to the progress in the planning of the new national asylum 
system and implementation of the EU acquis. 
 
Project Name  Development of the asylum system in Turkey (2001/HLWG/126 and 
2002/HLWG/031)  
Location  Turkey  
Implementation period  April 2002 – May 2005 
Implementing Partner  UNHCR 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 969.417.47; € 775.533.98 ( 2001/HLWG/126)  
€ 900.420,73 / € 596.800,00 ( 2002/HLWG/031)  
Funding Programme  B7-667 – HLWG 
 
RO 38   RO Responsible DG  JLS 
Description  The project initially focused on reinf orcing the UNHCR branch to carry 
out the Refugee Status Determination (RSD) and building an 
information system. It also commissioned studies on the best practice of countries that could be a model for Turkey, organised training of officials and strengthened the temporary procedure. It enabled the reduction of the back-log in the management of asylum files and enhanced co-operation between EU MS  officials and Turkish officials.  
The second project covered needs fo r infrastructure, training and 
information and aimed at to strengthening the asylum procedure, train government officials and disseminate best  practices. It also looked for a 
deeper involvement of the civil society. 
 Project Name  Refugee Support Program – Turkey (2006/120-126)  
Location  Turkey  
Implementation period  January 2007 – December 2009 
Implementing Partner  Helsinki Yurttaslar Dernegi 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 732.340,36 / € 585.854,11 
Funding Programme  AENEAS 2005 
Responsible DG  EuropeAid 
Description  The Refugee Support Program” of Helsinki Citizens’ Assembly aims to 
develop legislation and national practices as regards international protection and asylum in Turkey, ensuring observance of the principle 
of "non refoulement" and to improve Turkey's capacity to cope with 
asylum seekers and refugees. Within this broader objective, the specific objective of the action is to improve asylum seekers' and refugees' access to international protection by improving their reception and detention conditions in Turkey through the provision of comprehensive legal and 
psychological services; public legal education and refugee 
empowerment; capacity building for civil society organizations, professionals and government agencies; and lobbying for progressive change in law and policy reflecting refugee rights under EC and international law. 
 Project Name  Pilot Refugee Application Centre (PRAC) and Screening Unit (SU) 
(2006/120281)  
Location  Turkey  
Implementation period  January 2007 – June 2009 
 
RO 39   RO Implementing Partner  Immigration and Naturalisati on Service the Netherlands 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 1.753.806 / € 997.915,61 
Funding Programme  AENEAS 2005 
Responsible DG  EuropeAid 
Description  Implementation of the National Action Plan on asylum and migration. 
Specific objective: The setting up of a Pilot Refugee Application Centre 
in Konya including a Screening Unit in Van. 
 
 
RO 40   RO 1.2 European Neighbourhood Policy partner co untries in Eastern Europe and the Southern 
Caucasus 
Regional Eastern Europe Project Name Dialogue and Technical capacity  building in migration management: Central 
Asia, Russia, Afghanistan and Pakistan (2002/ HLWG/004) 
Location Central Asia, Russia, Afghanistan and Pakistan 
Implementation period March 2003 – September 2005 
Implementing Partner IOM 
Budget/EC 
contribution € 1.488.765,15 / € 1.210.654 
Funding Programme B7-667 
Responsible DG EuropeAid 
Description The project aimed at fostering the dialogue between the Russian 
Federation and the Central Asiatic Republics, Afghanistan and Pakistan 
in the field of border and migration management. Meetings between officers of the involved countries, and a study tour, aimed at facilitating coordination, at sharing information and disseminating best practices were organised. Some focus was also placed on improving the management of some segments of the Russian-Kazakh border, where 
some equipment was delivered and a study tour was organised. The 
project also assisted the voluntary repatriation of some migrants. 
 
Project Name Re-direction of the Budap est process activities to the CIS region 
(2003/HLWG/064 )  
Location Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, 
Moldova, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan 
Implementation period March 2004 – July 2005 
Implementing Partner ICMPD 
Budget/EC 
contribution € 760.383,60 / € 587.183,96 
Funding Programme B7-667 
Responsible DG EuropeAid 
Description This project's aim was to collect in a comprehensive and comparable 
manner information  and analysis of irregular flows of migration within, 
from and through the CIS region. The project sought also to establish a 
network of senior officials dealing with irregular migration, in order to 
 
RO 41   RO pave the way for a structured dialogue in the CIS region. The CIS 
countries are now brought into the framework of the Budapest process 
and are more aware of migration policies in the EU, by attending 
conferences with officials from other CIS countries, the EU Member States, the European Commission and international organisations. 
 
Project Name Towards sustainable partners hips for the effective governance of labour 
migration in the Russian Federation, the Caucasus and Central Asia 
(2006/120-072) 
Location Russian Federation, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan 
Implementation period December 2006 – December 2009 
Implementing Partner ILO - International Labour Organization 
Budget/EC 
contribution € 2.433.508 / € 1.945.105 
Funding Programme AENEAS 2005 
Responsible DG EuropeAid 
Description The project focuses on key labour migration issues that are rising 
quickly on political agendas there and are essential components for 
stability and sustainable and equitabl e economic growth. There are five 
specific objectives: (1) To develop practical methods for assessing and 
forecasting labour market requirements with a view to improving migration governance; (2) to promote decent work and enhance the protection of migrant workers’ rights; (3) to develop a system of earned regularisation and introduce sound regularisation policies and 
procedures; (4) to contribute to the productive utilization of the region’s 
human resources by developing sy stems for the portability of 
qualifications and reducing bureaucra tic obstacles to recruitment; and 
(5) to develop policies that enhance the positive impact of migration on development in origin countries. 
 
Project Name  The East-Central European Cross Bord er Co-operation Enhancement process 
(The Söderköping Process) (2003/HLWG/009 a nd 2005/103489)  
Location  Belarus , Moldova, Ukraine 
Implementation period  May 2004 – December 2008 
Implementing Partner  Swedish Migration Board, UNHCR, IOM 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 997.500 / € 762.488,00 (2003/HLWG/009) 
€ 1.634.873,16 / € 1.307.898,40 (2005/103489) 
 
RO 42   RO Funding Programme  B7-667 – HLWG and AENEAS 2004 
Responsible DG  JLS and EuropeAid 
Description  This process provides training a nd a forum for comparing national 
experiences and disseminating best practices and for peer pressure mainly, but not exclusively, on asylum management, between WNIS countries, some EU MSs (with the Swedish Migration Board in a leading role), the UNHCR and the IOM. A Secretariat is now based in Kyiv. 
 Project Name  The protection of refugees asylum seekers and forced migrants 
(2005/103619)  
Location  Belarus , Moldova, Ukraine, Russia 
Implementation period  December 2005 – December 2008 
Implementing Partner  European Council on Refugees and Exiles - ECRE 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 705.331 / € 529.705 
Funding Programme  AENEAS 2004 
Responsible DG  EuropeAid 
Description  Improve the implementation in Bela rus, Moldova, Ukraine and Russia 
of national and international refug ee and human rights instruments – 
leading to increased security and protection for refugees. 
 
Project Name  Elimination of human trafficking from Moldova and Ukraine through labour 
market based measures (2006/120-079)  
Location  Moldova and Ukraine 
 
RO 43   RO Implementation period  November 2006 – October 2008 
Implementing Partner  ILO and ICMPD 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 935.615,97 / € 748.492,78 
Funding Programme  AENEAS 2005 
Responsible DG  EuropeAid 
Description  The project offers a long-term perspec tive against trafficking in human 
beings in Moldova and Ukraine by addressing gaps in the current 
implementation of National Action Plans against Human Trafficking 
(NAP). Designed to strengthen national capacity in implementing NAP, this proposal aims in particular to involve labour market actors in 
prevention, reintegration and prosecu tion activities. The purpose is not 
only to support the prosecution and assistance to victims but also in 
particular to increase transparency, fa irness and efficiency in the labour 
market as concerns job placements. 
 
Project Name  Combating Trafficking in Human Beings in Ukraine and Moldova 
(2006/120-250)  
Location  Moldova and Ukraine 
Implementation period  January 2007 – December 2008 
Implementing Partner  IOM 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 2.160.346,02 / € 1.728.276,82 
Funding Programme  AENEAS 2005 
Responsible DG  EuropeAid 
Description  IOM will run 6 shelters for victims, promote information campaigns 
with focus on schools, carry out tr aining for law enforcement agencies, 
including judges, and facilitate their cooperation with NGOs. 
Belarus  
Project Name  Combating Trafficking in Human Be ings in the Republic of Belarus 
(2002/29979)  
Location  Belarus 
Implementation period  September 2002 – November 2005 
Implementing Partner  UNDP 
 
RO 44   RO Budget/EC 
contribution  € 900.000 / € 900.000 
Funding Programme  TACIS 
Responsible DG  EC DEL Kiev 
Description  The project contributed to the fight against trafficking in human beings 
in Belarus. 
 
Project Name  Enhancing Border Management in Belarus - BOMBEL 1 (2005/100-530) & 
BOMBEL 2 (2006/104-281)  
Location  Belarus 
Implementation period  March 2005 – December 2006 
September 2006 – December 2007 
Implementing Partner  UNDP 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 4.721.000 / € 4.500.000 (BOMBEL 1) 
€ 9.066.000 / € 8.800.000 (BOMBEL 2) 
Funding Programme  TACIS 
Responsible DG  EC DEL Kiev 
Description  Through the projects the EC funds a number of study visits and 
trainings and seminars which are organised with the involvement of EU 
MSs experts. Two European standard accommodation centres for 
irregular migrants (in Brest and in Pinsk) and a separate one for asylum seekers in the city of Pinsk have been / will be established, a dog training centre has been upgraded and equipped with modern technology, and various border control and surveillance equipment has 
been supplied. Furthermore the BOMBEL projects aim at modernising 
the equipment used by border tr oops in compliance with the EU 
standards, through the provision of computer-aided equipment and technology, motor-cars and lorries; engineering, technical, communication, radiation-measuring and other pieces of equipment; 
communication instrument, with the aim in particular of increasing the 
mobility of border troops along the green border and their capacity of surveillance on trains and at the border posts.  
 
Project Name  Strengthening Migration Manage ment in Belarus - MIGRABEL 
(2006/104300)  
Location  Belarus 
 
RO 45   RO Implementation period  June 2006 – May 2008 
Implementing Partner  IOM 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 775.000 / € 700.000 
 
Funding Programme  TACIS 
Responsible DG  EC DEL Kiev 
Description  Through this project the EC is contributing to establishing a travel 
document issuing and control sy stem which will meet latest 
international standards and comply  with biometric requirements. 
Moreover, a national database will be developed and will be able to store and process biometric data. Be neficiaries are the Ministry of 
Internal Affairs, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the State Border 
Guard Committee. 
 
Project Name  Strengthening Protection Capacity in Belarus (2006/120221)  
Location  Belarus 
Implementation period  December 2006 – December 2008 
Implementing Partner  UNHCR 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 719.628,50 / € 575.702,80 
Funding Programme  AENEAS 2005 
Responsible DG  EuropeAid 
Description  The overall objective of the action is to facilitate the development of the 
asylum system in Belarus. 
The specific objective is to develop an  effective referral system in order 
to ensure the respect of the principle of non-refoulement. 
Additionally, under CBC 2006 Budget, Belarus is supposed to receive an additional €14 million 
assistance aimed at improving border controls through provision of equipment for border 
surveillance and the establishment of fibre opti c cable networks to central authorities and 
between selected border crossing points.  This latter component will facilitate smooth border and 
customs clearance thus reducing waiting hours at border crossing points and at the same time ensuring 
and improving security controls through modern data networks and/or control equipment. Furthermore 
technical assistance will also be offered, possibly through a twinning. 
Moldova 
Project Name  Combating trafficking in women (2002/30263)  
 
RO 46   RO Location  Moldova 
Implementation period  September 2002 – June 2004 
Implementing Partner  IOM 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 600.000 / € 600.000 
Funding Programme  TACIS 
Responsible DG  EC DEL Kiev 
Description  This project aimed at providing law enforcement agencies with technical 
support and training as well as promoting cross-border cooperation, 
raising awareness among potential victims about the risks of being trafficked, assisting the actual victims by facilitating repatriation, offering medical and psychological ca res and hospitality in a shelter. 
 Project Name  Capacity building and technical coope ration for Moldovan border officials  
(TACIS/2003/077575)  
Location  Moldova 
Implementation period  December 2003 – November 2005 
Implementing Partner  IOM 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 1.100.000 / € 900.000 
 
Funding Programme  TACIS 
Responsible DG  EC DEL Kiev 
Description  This project aimed at providing training, technical assistance, and 
supply of equipment to border guards  and other border officials in 
Moldova, with a particular view to enhance capacity of the Ungheni Border Guard Training Centre by providing physical facilities and equipment as well as by assisting in curricula development. 
 
Project Name  IOM Rehabilitation Centre for Victims of Trafficking (Chisinau, Moldova): 
Recovery, Rehabilitation and Reintegr ation through Comprehensive Care 
(TACIS/2004/72590)  
Location  Moldova 
Implementation period  December 2004 – February 2006 
 
RO 47   RO Implementing Partner  IOM 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 308.000 / €308.000 
Funding Programme  TACIS 
Responsible DG  EC DEL Kiev 
Description  The project set up a Rehabilitation Centre for Victims of Trafficking 
(Chisinau, Moldova), focussed on the recovery, rehabilitation and reintegration of the victims through comprehensive Care. 
 
Project Name  Enhancing border control management in the republic of Moldova 
(TACIS/2004/027521)  
Location  Moldova 
Implementation period  December 2004 – December 2005 
Implementing Partner  UNDP 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 1.850.000 
Funding Programme  TACIS 
Responsible DG  EC DEL Kiev 
Description  The project aimed at strengthening border control capacities at selected 
Moldovan border crossing points through the supply of equipment and 
training.  
 
Project Name  Strengthening Migration Manage ment in Moldova - MIGRAMOL 
(2006/104300)  
Location  Moldova 
Implementation period  June 2006 – May 2008 
Implementing Partner  IOM 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 775.000 / € 700.000 
Funding Programme  TACIS 
Responsible DG  EC DEL Kiev 
Description  The aim of this project is to improve migration management capacity 
with a particular focus on the treatment of irregular migrants. The core 
 
RO 48   RO activity under the project is to ensure international standards in the 
accommodation of irregular migrants with the refurbishment of an 
accommodation facility, to develop a health care system (including the 
creation of a health post), in order to provide medical assistance to irregular migrants held, to train staff and develop norms and guidelines for the management of an accommodation facility in accordance with the best international standards and most particularly with the 
standards set by the Council of Eu rope, the European Court of Human 
Rights and the Committee for Prevention of the Torture.  
 
Project Name  Improvement of Border Controls at the Moldovan-Ukrainian State Border - 
BOMMOLUK 1 (2006/125442)  
Location  Moldova and Ukraine 
Implementation period  September 2006 – December 2007 
Implementing Partner  UNDP 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 3.250.000 / € 3.000.000 
Funding Programme  TACIS 
Responsible DG  EC DEL Kiev 
Description  The objective of this project is to build up appropriate and institutional 
capacity in Moldova and Ukraine to ensure effective border and 
customs controls and border surveilla nce with particular attention to 
the Moldovan-Ukrainian state border. 
 Project Name  EU Border Assistance Mission to Uk raine and Moldova - EUBAM (RRM 
and TACIS)  
Location  Ukraine and Moldova 
Implementation period  November 2005 – December 2008 
Implementing Partner  UNDP 
Budget/EC 
contribution  RRM: € 4.000.000 
TACIS: € 24.200.000 (not all yet contracted) 
Funding Programme  RRM and TACIS 
Responsible DG  EC DEL Kiev 
Description  The objective of this project is to contribute to the enhancement of the 
overall border and customs manage ment capacities of Moldova and 
Ukraine border officials and to contri bute to a peaceful solution to the 
 
RO 49   RO Transniestria conflict. The deployment of the EUBAM mission  along the 
Moldovan-Ukrainian border as well as along the Moldovan 
internal/administrative boundary was in itiated with particular attention 
to the Transnistrian border sector, which the Moldovan authorities can not effectively manage. 17 EU Memb er States provide significant 
financial contribution to EUBAM's activities through the secondment of border police and customs personnel wh ose salaries are being paid by 
the EU Member States' administration. 
 
Project Name Beyond Poverty Alleviation: Developing a Legal, Regulatory and 
Institutional Framework for Leveraging Migrant Remittances for Entrepreneurial Growth in Moldova (2006/120234) 
Location Moldova 
Implementation period January 2007 – December 2008 
Implementing Partner IOM – International Organisation for Migration 
Budget/EC 
contribution € 997.700 / € 794.665,38 
 
Funding Programme AENEAS 2005 
Responsible DG EuropeAid 
Description This project aims at maximising the positive effects of migration on 
development, by promoting the cheaper transfer and providing advice 
for the most rentable use of migrants remittances  in view of pro-
development projects.  
Additionally, under CBC 2006 Budget Moldova is supposed to receive an additional €12 million 
assistance aimed at improving border controls through provision of equipment for border 
surveillance and the establishment of fibre opti c cable networks to central authorities and 
between selected border crossing points.  This latter component will facilitate smooth border and 
customs clearance thus reducing waiting hours at border crossing points and at the same time ensuring 
and improving security controls through modern data networks and/or control equipment. Furthermore 
technical assistance will also be offered, possibly through a twinning.  
A TACIS RAP 2005 allocation of €6.6 million will en able to complete the demarcation of the 
Ukrainian- Moldovan border (the project will concentrate on the Southern border in front of the Black sea and on the Transnestrian sector, as the remaining pa rts were already ensured by the Ukrainian and 
Moldovan State Funds) and to set joint border posts.  
Ukraine 
Project Name  Fight against trafficking in human beings-Ukraine (2003/69572)  
Location  Ukraine 
Implementation period  December 2003- June 2006 
 
RO 50   RO Implementing Partner  IOM 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 1.892.000 / € 1.892.000  
Funding Programme  TACIS 
Responsible DG  EC DEL Kiev 
Description  The project covered three areas in this regard: 
1) prevention of trafficking throug h dissemination of information and 
increase of public awareness; 
2) prosecution and criminalisation of trafficking and building up 
capacity of Ukrainian law enforce ment and judicial authorities; 
3) protection and reintegration of victims through assisting victims with 
legal, medical and psychological help, shelter and micro-grants as an income generating basis. 
 
Project Name Reinforcing the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine's Human Resources 
Management System (TACIS/2005/115-592) 
Location Ukraine 
Implementation period December 2005 – December 2007 
Implementing Partner International Organization for Migration 
Budget/EC 
contribution € 4.341.000 / € 4.000.000 
Funding Programme TACIS 
Responsible DG DEL Ukraine 
Description Support to the State Border Guard Service's strategy towards an EU-
type border police / law enforcement agency aimed at reforming the 
human resources management system  (legislation, staff recruitment, 
staff training, career development).By the involvement of Hungarian and Polish border guards, it aims at improving human resources management, starting from recruitment, the development of training 
strategies, plans and curricula in line with EU standards and 
requirements, and being completed with a career development programme for border guard personn el. The programme will support 
the transition of a military-type structured entity towards a European-type law enforcement entity. 
 Project Name “Establishment of migration management in Zakarpattya in Ukraine” 
(2003/HLWG/039) and “Enhancing Capacities in the Area of Protection and 
 
RO 51   RO Treatment of Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Zakarpattya /Western 
Ukraine” (2006/120-173) 
Location Ukraine 
Implementation period June 2004 – June 2008 
Implementing Partner Osterreichische Caritaszentrale 
Budget/EC 
contribution € 1.627.823,77 / € 1.302.259,02 (2003/HLWG/039) 
€ 874.928,04/ € 699.942,43 (2006/120-173) 
Funding Programme HLWG B7-667 
AENEAS 2005 
Responsible DG JLS and EuropeAid 
Description The projects have a humanitarian component, improving the living 
conditions of apprehended migrants in Zakarpattya. In addition, the activities contribute to the improvement of counselling, protection and 
registration of refugees while being detained and during all phases of 
their asylum procedure as well as to the improvement of cooperation and exchange of migration authorities and NGOs specialised in the field. 
 
Project Name Monitor and promote the respect of human rights and fundamental freedoms 
of refugees and migrants 
Location Ukraine 
Implementing Partner Chernihiv Public Committee for Human Rights Protection  
Budget/EC 
contribution € 78.000 
Responsible DG/Del EIDHR (European Initiative fo r Democracy and Human Rights) 
Description This project is implemented with the aim to monitor and promote the 
respect of human rights and funda mental freedoms of refugees and 
migrants with focus on the regions of Chernihiv, Kharkiv, Sumy, Zakarpattya and Lviv. 
 Project Name Assistance to the Legal and Administrative Reforms in Ukraine in the 
Sphere of Migration and Refugees’ Protection According to the Norms and Standards of the European Union (2004/87047 ) 
Location Ukraine 
Implementation period July 2006 – March 2007 
 
RO 52   RO Implementing Partner Ludwig Boltzmann Institute 
Budget/EC 
contribution € 500.000 / € 500.000 
Funding Programme TACIS 
Responsible DG EC DEL Kiev 
Description The project's objective is to increa se the competence of the staff of 
Ukrainian institutions in asylum and asylum related matters and the 
inter-institutional cooperation of the institutions involved by 
establishing internal working relations. 
 
Project Name Strengthening Asylum and Prot ection Capacity in Ukraine by Enhancing the 
Capacity of Governmental and Civil Society Stakeholders in a Participatory Approach and Cross-sector Co-operation (2006/120-176) 
Location Ukraine 
Implementation period January 2007 – December 2008 
Implementing Partner Dansk Flygtningehjaelp 
Budget/EC 
contribution € 534397,23 / € 427517,78 
Funding Programme AENEAS 2005 
Responsible DG EuropeAid 
Description To ensure that the Ukrainian asylum and refugee system is able to 
function in a transparent manner and in accordance with principles based on human rights and rule of law and in a participatory approach with civil society capacities. 
 
Project Name Strengthening capacities and coope ration in the identification of forged and 
falsified documents in Ukraine (2006/120-195) 
Location Ukraine 
Implementation period January 2007 – December 2008 
Implementing Partner ICMPD 
Budget/EC 
contribution € 783.161,25 / € 626.400,6 
Funding Programme AENEAS 2005 
 
RO 53   RO Responsible DG EuropeAid 
Description To contribute to an increased effectiveness in the fight against illegal 
migration by the Ukrainian authorities. 
 
Project Name Capacity building of Migra tion management: Ukraine Phase I and Phase II 
(2004/096-462 and 2006/124-449) 
Location Ukraine 
Implementation period March 2005 – December 2007 
Implementing Partner IOM 
Budget/EC 
contribution € 4.204.672 / €3.781.505 (2004/096-462) 
€ 3.074.474 / € 2.767.000 (2006/124-449) 
Funding Programme TACIS 
Responsible DG DEL Ukraine 
Description The activities aim at enhancing the capacity of the Government of 
Ukraine (GoU) to manage the migr ation flows and control the illegal 
movement of migrants to and thro ugh the territory of Ukraine. The 
projects seeks to do so by carrying out various interlinked actions, i.e. an assessment of migration situation, the development of best practices, based upon international standards a nd conventions, the refurbishment 
of accommodation centres for detained  migrants and the piloting of a 
voluntary return programme, and to support the GoU’s efforts to comply with and ensure European best practices and humanitarian 
standards set by the Council of Eu rope, the European Court of Human 
Rights, and the CPT as well as the harmonisation with the EU acquis 
communautaire. 
Several projects were funded by TACIS (from RAP 2000 until NAP 2005) in view of providing 
the border guards of Ukraine with better equipment to control the green border and the land border 
crossing points (walky-talkies, radios for long distance communication including data transmission, 4 wheels cars, night-visors, metal detectors, passport r eaders, computers, software for data registration 
etc.) along the entire Northern and Eastern bord er with Belarus and Russia , and the South-West  
border with Moldova  for an overall amount of a pproximately €20 million.  
Under the TACIS NAP 2006, an allocation of €5 million (within a larger project addressing also 
Customs Service) is available to promote furthe r improvement of the quality of Border Guards 
capacity of surveillance and alignment to the EU/Sch engen standards. Both th rough this allocation and 
an additional €4 million which is available under the CBC programme (2006 budget) it will be 
possible to procure additional border equipment.  
 
RO 54   RO Regional Southern Caucasus 
Project Name An integrated approach to promoting legal migration through national 
capacity building (2005/103475) 
Location South Caucasus 
Implementation period January 2006 – December 2007 
Implementing Partner IOM  
Budget/EC 
contribution € 971.747 / € 777.397 
Funding Programme AENEAS 2004 
Responsible DG EuropeAid 
Description The project contributed to the cr eation in the three countries of 
Migration Resource Centers, where information about potential and actual migrants are collected for the benefit of employers and students, 
and potential migrants can find information about the rules of legal 
migration and the risks of illegal migration. MRCs were established in 2006 in Yerevan (Armenia), Baku and Nakhchivan (Azerbaijan), Tbilisi, Kutaisi and Gurjaani (Georgia). 
 
Project Name Towards sustainable partners hips for the effective governance of labour 
migration in the Russian Federation, the Caucasus and Central Asia 
(2006/120-072) 
Location Russian Federation, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan 
Implementation period December 2006 – November 2009 
Implementing Partner ILO - International Labour Organization 
Budget/EC 
contribution € 2.433.508 / €1.945.105 
Funding Programme AENEAS 2005 
Responsible DG EuropeAid 
Description This project aims at promoting a better management of legal economic 
migration and at increasing the level of protection of migrants' rights 
through seminars, trainings and legal advice in several NIS. In particular in the Russian federation it aims at developing practical methods for assessing and forecasting labour market requirements with 
a view to improving migration governance, as well as a system of earned regularisation and introduce sound regularisation policies and 
procedures. 
 
 
RO 55   RO Project Name NGO and Governmental Coopera tion Across the South Caucasus to Develop 
a Joint Response to Trafficking in Women and Children (2006/118051) 
Location Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia 
Implementing Partner Eesti Naisuurimus Ja Teabekeskus Mtu (Estonian Women’s Studies and 
Resource Center) 
Budget/EC 
contribution €600.000 / € 480.000 
Funding Programme EIDHR (European Initiative fo r Democracy and Human Rights) 
Responsible DG EuropeAid 
Description The project’s goal is to raise the qua lification of law enforcement staff, 
social services and journalists. It will establish links between these 
actors and establish regional referral mechanisms. The project will carry out a public awareness campaign about trafficking. It will carry 
out regional research and regular monitoring of the situation. 
 
Project Name Development of a comprehensive anti-trafficking response in Armenia, 
Azerbaijan and Georgia (2006/104772) 
Location Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia 
Implementation period January 2007 – December 2008 
Implementing Partner ILO with ICMPD, OSCE 
Budget/EC 
contribution € 1.874.989,76 / € 1.500.000 
Funding Programme TACIS 
Responsible DG EuropeAid 
Description This regional project aims at contributing to the progressive reduction 
of trafficking in human beings in the SC countries through capacity building and empowerment of actual and potential victims. It includes revision of National strategies and support to their implementation, awareness raising, strengthening capacity of national authorities and 
improve identification, protection and reintegration of victims. 
 Armenia 
Project Name  Support to Migration Policy Developmen t and Relevant Capacity Building 
in Armenia (2006/120-233)  
Location  Armenia 
 
RO 56   RO Implementation period  December 2006 – November 2009 
Implementing Partner  The British Council 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 845.607 / € 676.485,6 
Funding Programme  AENEAS 2005 
Responsible DG  EuropeAid 
Description  1. Raising people’s awareness on issues, costs, risks, rights and 
responsibilities associated with migratio n; contribute to the development of 
public demand for an improved legal framework f  
2. Create a structure responsible fo r providing advice and reintegration 
assistance to Armenian nationals returning from abroad. Material help will be envisaged, if at all possible, in order to further minimise the risk of repeated emigration. 
3. Assisting state agencies in the process of drafting legislation and 
regulating migration. 
Azerbaijan  
Project Name  Establishment of Integrated Border Management Model at the Southern 
Border of Azerbaijan (TACIS/2006/109-609)  
Location  Azerbaijan 
Implementation period  June 2006 – June 2008 
Implementing Partner  IOM 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 2.185.799 / € 1.987.090 
Funding Programme  TACIS 
Responsible DG  EuropeAid 
Description  The project will facilitate an enhanced cooperation among law 
enforcement agencies in the fight ag ainst border-related crimes, support 
the establishment and the activities of a Border Guards Training School, and contribute to procure border equipment and to improve border 
infrastructure. The project aims to pilot an Integrated Border 
Management Model at the Southern Border of Azerbaijan, in an area 
comprising 30 km of border inte rsection with Iran, including the 
international Border Crossing Poin t at Bilasuvar. The latter is the 
fastest land connection between Baku and Iran, and with the 
Nakhichevan exclave of Azerbaijan, and is the longest border 
Azerbaijan shares with any other country.  
Georgia  
 
RO 57   RO Project Name Toward Durable Re-integrati on Mechanisms in Georgia (2006/120-074) 
Location Georgia 
Implementation period January 2007 – October 2008 
Implementing Partner Dansk Flygtningehjaelp 
Budget/EC 
contribution € 639.352,80 / € 511.354,37 
Funding Programme AENEAS 2005 
Responsible DG EuropeAid 
Description The Georgian Ministry of Refugees and Accommodation (MRA) 
capacitated to implement its manda tory function of supporting re-
integration of returning migrants, rejected asylum seekers and other 
displaced groups MRA capacitated to take a co-ordinating function on issues related to re-integration of returning migrants and rejected 
asylum seekers vis-à-vis the relevant Georgian state actors and 
European Governments engaged in bila teral support to re-integration. 
 
Project Name Prevention of trafficking in human beings, monitoring and support to the 
implementation of the National Ac tion Plan on counter trafficking 
(2006/122530) 
Location Georgia 
 
RO 58   RO Implementation period September 2006 – December 2007 
Implementing Partner Peoples Harmonious Development Society Association  
Budget/EC 
contribution € 77.580 / € 50.000 
Funding Programme EIDHR (European Initiative fo r Democracy and Human Rights) 
Responsible DG EuropeAid 
Description This micro-grant is supporting the fight a gainst trafficking in 
human beings in Georgia through prevention and development of institutional mechanisms for pr osecution of trafficking and 
protection of traffickin g victims as well as through the monitoring 
and support to the implementation  of the Plan of Action against 
Trafficking.  
 
Project Name Contribute to the transformati on of the Georgian Border Guards into a 
civilian agency under the Ministry of Interior . (2006/) 
Location Georgia 
Implementation period January 2006 – July 2007 
Implementing Partner Finnish Border Guards 
Budget/EC 
contribution € 1.000.000 
 
Funding Programme TACIS 
Responsible DG  EC Delegation Tblisi 
Description The project aims to establish and equip a Border Police faculty in the 
Georgian Police Academy. An additional €1 million available under 
TACIS NAP 2004 and should be used to continue with assistance to the 
Georgian Border Guard Faculty for one more year, contract to be signed before July 2007. 
 
RO 59   RO 1.3 Russian Federation  
Project Name “House for Asylum seeker s and Refugees in Saint Petersburg” 
(2003/HLWG/076) and “Complex action for improvement of refugees 
reception system in St. Petersburg – Russia”(2006/120-135)  
 
Location Russian Federation 
Implementation period March 2005 – October 2008 
Implementing Partner St. Petersburg Centre for International Cooperation of the Red Cross 
Budget/EC 
contribution € 897.500 / € 698.740,00 (2003/HLWG/076) 
€ 664.856,20 / €502.764,26 (2006/120-135) 
Funding Programme HLWG B7-667 and AENEAS 2005 
Responsible DG JLS and EuropeAid 
Description The project aims to increase the capacities of St Petersburg in the 
reception, registration, documentation and integration of refugees and 
asylum seekers and the protection of their rights by means of supplying them with legal, psychological, medical and social assistance and temporary settlement in a special building.  
 
Project Name Migration Rights: Network of Legal Assistance to Refugees and Forced 
Migrants in Russian Regions (2003/HLWG/082 and 2006/120-166)  
Location Russian Federation 
Implementation period January 2005 – December 2009 
Implementing Partner Memorial Human Rights Centre 
Budget/EC 
contribution € 762.675,50 / € 1.042.672,82 (2003/HLWG/082) 
€ 1.756.092,84 / 1.404.874,27 (2006/120-166) 
Funding Programme HLWG and AENEAS 
Responsible DG JLS and EuropeAid 
Description The projects foresee at providing legal counselling and representing 
forced migrants in the courts, the development of the asylum system in 
the Russian Federation, establishing a system of effective international 
protection for forced migrants in Russia and promoting respect for international standards and rights for refugees, stateless persons, IDPs 
and forced and labour migrants. 
 
 
RO 60   RO Project Name Assistance to the Government of the Russian Federation in Establishing a 
Legal and Administrative Framew ork for the Development and 
Implementation of Readmissi on Agreements (2006/120-282) 
Location Russian Federation 
Implementation period February 2007 – January 2009 
Implementing Partner IOM 
Budget/EC 
contribution € 1.756.092,84 / € 1.404.874,27 
Funding Programme AENEAS 2005 
Responsible DG EuropeAid 
Description With this project, the EC provides assistance to the Russian Federal 
Migration Service in its preparation towards the implementation of the 
readmission agreement with the EC. Th e project aims more specifically 
to upgrade the treatment of readmitted illegal migrants that are 
nationals of third countries, through promoting the creation of a model centre in Pskov and disseminating information on best practices in this field (including on assisted voluntary returns). 
 
Project Name Prevention of Human Trafficking (2005/115237) 
Location Russian Federation 
Implementation period March 2006 – August 2008 
Implementing Partner IOM 
Budget/EC 
contribution € 4.444.444 / € 4.000.000 
Funding Programme TACIS 
Responsible DG  EC DEL Moscow 
 
RO 61   RO Description The main objective of the project is to combat trafficking in human 
beings in the Russian Federation as a country of origin, transit and 
destination – by: (i) improving the legislative framework and the State 
policies regarding human trafficking, including the national capacity to assess and measure this phenomenon in Russia; (ii) strengthening the capacity of the relevant law enfo rcement agencies to combat human 
trafficking; raising awareness amongst the risk group, general public and relevant Russian authorities, NGOs and diplomatic missions of 
foreign states; and (iii) building the capacity of the national authorities 
and local NGO networks to protect and reintegrate victims of trafficking.  
 2. Other regions 
2.1 Eastern Mediterranean ENP partner count ries (Syria, Lebanon and Jordan) and Middle 
Eastern countries (Iran and Iraq) 
Regional 
Project Name  International migration from Middle East and North Africa (2005/103579)  
Location  Middle East and North Africa 
Implementation period  January 2006 – December 2008 
Implementing Partner  World Bank 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 916.963 / € 733.570 
Funding Programme  AENEAS 2004 
Responsible DG  EuropeAid 
Description  Identify and support the implementation of projects, policies, regional 
arrangements, and institutional refor ms that will maximise the benefits 
of international migration flows and reduce their costs. 
 
Project Name  Management of asylum and migra tion in North Africa and improving 
protection of for asylum-seekers and refugees in Jordan, Lebanon and Syria, 
with focus on Iraqis’ (2006/126-820)  
Location  Middle East and North Africa 
 
RO 62   RO Implementation period  January 2007 – December 2008 
Implementing Partner  UNHCR 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 5.000.000 / € 4.000.000 
Funding Programme  AENEAS 2005 
Responsible DG  EuropeAid 
Description  €1 m of the total budget is reserve d to strengthen the protection 
mechanisms in Jordan, Syria and Le banon, with particular focus on 
Iraqi refugees and asylum-seekers. 
 
Project Name  Enhancing civil society participation in human rights management of 
migration (2005/103558)  
Location  Middle East and North Africa 
Implementation period  December 2005 – March 2008 
Implementing Partner  Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Network -EMHRN 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 669.499 / € 535.598 
Funding Programme  AENEAS 2004 
Responsible DG  EuropeAid 
Description  This project supports the work of NGOs dealing with migrants and 
asylum seekers in all the Maghreb and Mashrek countries, including 
Jordan, Lebanon and Syria. 
Lebanon  
Project Name  Legal protection to migrant workers and asylum seekers in Lebanon 
(2001/50530)  
Location  Lebanon 
Implementation period  April 2003 – March 2007 
Implementing Partner  Caritas 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 761.300 / € 761.300 
Funding Programme  MEDA 
Responsible DG  EuropeAid 
 
RO 63   RO Description  The overall objective of this project is the protection of the human and 
legal rights of migrant workers and asylum-seekers in Lebanon. 
By the end of its implementation period:  
1. The existing legal protections for migrants’ rights will be enforced in 
the courts of Lebanon and migrants  will have access to the legal and 
social counselling necessary to take  advantage of these protections; 
2. Migrants and asylum-seekers will be more capable of protecting 
themselves from abuse, exploitati on and detention by understanding 
and using the legal process and their social networks; 
3. The Lebanese public will be informed of the legal and human rights 
of the migrants working and living among them and of the nature and extent of the abuse and exploitation they experience; 
4. The official administrative instructions and general practices 
regulating the status and treatment of migrant workers, especially 
female household workers, will provi de greater protection for their 
human and legal rights. 
2.2 Central Asia  
Regional 
Project Name Border Manageme nt in Central Asia (BOMCA) 
Location Kazakhstan, Kyrgystan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan 
Implementation period From 2003 - ongoing 
Implementing Partner UNDP 
Budget/EC 
contribution € 13.600.000 (additional €12 million reserved) 
Funding Programme TACIS 
Responsible DG  EC Delegation Almaty 
Description The overall objectives of the programme are 1) to enhance security in 
Central Asia; 2) to reduce the flow of illicit traffic through the countries of the region; 3) to contribute to an  increased flow of persons and legal 
goods across Central Asian borders. The specific objective of BOMCA is 
to strengthen the five countries' capa cities in managing their borders in 
accordance with European best pr actices. The programme addresses all 
the issues related to border management, including improvement of relevant legislation, training, study tours, funding of infrastructures, supplying of equipment for upgrading  of security at border crossing 
points, on certain parts of the green border of the countries and in 
selected airports. It supports as well training centres, facilitated networking and regional coordination. 
 
RO 64   RO  
Project Name Central Asian Labour  Migration Programme (2006/131406) 
Location Central Asia  
Implementation period November 2006 – October 2008 
Implementing Partner IOM 
Budget/EC 
contribution € 1.900.000 / € 1.700.000 
Funding Programme TACIS 
Responsible DG EuropeAid 
Description The project supports in Kazakhstan the improvement of labour 
migration data and statistics, the development of a national labour migration strategy, capacity building for migration authorities, protection of migrants’ rights via NGOs, while in sending countries like 
Tajikistan, Kirghizstan and Uzbekistan it is aimed at better regulating 
and inspecting employment agencies, increasing information for would be migrants, enhancing capacities of national authorities to protect nationals working abroad. At regional level the project promotes raising awareness among decision makers and promotes coordination and dialogue.  
Tajikistan  
Project Name Enhancing Development Impa ct of Remittances and Promoting legal 
migration in Rural Communities. (2006/120-262) 
Location Tajikistan 
Implementation period January 2007 – December 2008 
Implementing Partner IOM 
Budget/EC 
contribution € 669.655 / 535.724 
 
Funding Programme AENEAS 2005 
Responsible DG EuropeAid 
Description To enhance the development impact of labour migration and 
remittances in migrant sending areas through remittance-linked 
education and investment initiati ves as well as promoting legal 
migration through information dissemination and training of community based entities on reality of labour migration. 
2.3 Asian countries of origin  
As regards Asiatic countries, a big di stinction is to be ma de between 1) actions providing material help 
to internally displaced people (IDPs) of countries in  crisis situations or to its nationals having 
 
RO 65   RO massively fled in a neighbouring country, which were  carried out mainly through the "Aid to Uprooted 
People" budget line, and 2) actions more specifi cally addressing other aspects of migrations and in 
particular migrations towards the EU. 
As concerns the "Aid to Uprooted People" budg et line, there have been several large scale 
interventions concentrated in a few countries. Am ong them Afghanistan was a priority. €145.4 million 
was allocated between 2001 and 2006. Interventions aimed at facilitati ng return and reintegration of 
internally displaced Afghans or Afghans willing to re patriate in particular from Iran and Pakistan by 
facilitating land and houses recovery, access to informa tion and employment, removal of various legal 
and material obstacles. The programme also supported the functioning of the Afghanistan 
Comprehensive Solutions Unit (ACSU), whose task is  to steer the overall collection of information on 
Afghans abroad and promotion and coordination of their return and reintegration back home, while 
coordinating among all the State agencies and the actors involved into this process. 
Furthermore, the "Aid to Uprooted people" budget line mobilised between 2001 and 2004 up to €3.8 
million  to support Bhutanese refugees in Nepal . In the same period, €26 milli on were allocated to help 
Burmese refugees in Burma, Bangladesh and Tha iland. Additional €18 million were allocated under 
the budgets 2005 and 2006 of that budget line. 
In Indonesia €15.7 million were mobilised by the "Aid  to Uprooted people" budget line, with focus on 
Sulawesi and Timor populations. 
The "Aid to Uprooted people" budget line mobili sed €8.5 million between 2001 and 2004 for projects 
implemented by UNHCR in the Philippines aimed at assi sting internally displaced people, with special 
focus on Mindanao. At the same time, in Sri Lanka  the "Aid to Uprooted people" budget line provided 
up to €15.5 million between 2001 and 2004 for proj ects implemented by UNHCR aimed at assisting 
internally displaced people. 
Furthermore many more interventions of a purel y humanitarian nature were promoted by ECHO. 
Project Name  Regional Dialogue and Program on fac ilitating managed and legal migration 
between Asia and the EU (2005/103523)  
Location  Asia 
Implementation period  December 2005 – December 2007 
 
RO 66   RO Implementing Partner  IOM 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 1.060.728 / € 848.583 
Funding Programme  AENEAS 2004 
Responsible DG  EuropeAid 
Description  Develop legal migration and enhance regional dialogue and cooperation 
in facilitating managed migration from Asia to the EU. 
 Project Name Asian Programme of the G overnance of Labour Migration (2005/103503) 
Location Countries of the Mekong region, Chin a, Korea, Japan and South Asia  
Implementation period January 2006 – December 2008 
Implementing Partner ILO and UNIFEM 
Budget/EC 
contribution € 2.447.840 / € 1.955.335 
Funding Programme AENEAS 2004 
Responsible DG EuropeAid 
Description The project aims to promote acti ve dialogue and cooperation for 
enhanced gender and rights-based management of labour migration 
among countries in the Asian region, and thereby minimize exploitative 
and abusive treatment of migrant workers. The project contributes to 
the adoption of appropriate policies and the enactment of enabling laws, the training of labour administrators, improving information systems for decision-making, and promoting bilateral agreements and regular consultations among the countries in the region. 
Bangladesh  
Project Name  Anti-Trafficking of Human Beings within the Police Reform Programme 
(Asia/2006/124252)  
Location  Bangladesh 
 
RO 67   RO Implementation period  January 2007 – October 2009 
Implementing Partner  UNDP 
Budget/EC 
contribution  €13.700.000 / € 2.000.000 
Funding Programme  ALA 
Responsible DG  DEL Dhaka 
Description  Within the framework of a much larger (13.7m€) reform programme 
for the Bangladeshi police funded by  DFID and UNPD, the EC funds 
one component which will focus on introducing a victim oriented 
approach, and should provide details on how the Ministry of Home Affairs and the police will improve the capacity of the police to investigate THB, on the one hand by ensuring that witnesses are treated in such a way that they feel safe and comfortable enough by supporting 
the investigations and on the other hand to have the capacity to 
investigate cases without being fully dependent on victim-witnesses. The project also strives to increase access to justice to victims of human trafficking, create understanding amon g police officers how to deal with 
trafficking cases, and how and when to work together closely with other Ministries, the NGO community, and international organisations to 
ensure best possible referral of the victims. 
China  
Project Name  Capacity Building For Migration Management in China (2006/120-244)  
Location  Philippines 
Implementing Partner  IOM 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 2499548,85 / € 1999639,08 
Funding Programme  AENEAS 2005 
Responsible DG  EuropeAid 
Description  IOM is supported to contribute to the reduction of illegal migration 
from, into and through the PRC, including to the EU; to support the 
enhancement of the national capacity  for migration management in the 
PRC; to contribute to building a sustainable and viable network of partnerships and cooperation in the area of migration between the administration of the PRC and EU MS and to increase mutual understanding and knowledge of respective approaches to migration 
and migration management between the PRC and the EU. 
 
Project Name  MIGRAMACAO (2005/103671)  
 
RO 68   RO Location  Macao 
Implementation period  January 2006 – December 2007 
Implementing Partner  Cabinet of Secretary for Security of  the Macao Special Administrative 
Region 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 626.131 / € 500.904,80 
Funding Programme  AENEAS 2004 
Responsible DG  EuropeAid 
Description  The aim of the MIGRAMACAU action is to ensure entities of Macao 
more effective management in all aspects of migration flows, including the prevention and combating of illegal migration and trafficking of human beings through the cooperati on with regional countries and the 
coordination with the EC. 
Philippines  
Project Name  Philippines Border Management Project (2005/113-343)  
Location  Philippines 
Implementation period  January 2006 – January 2009 
Implementing Partner  IOM 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 5.145.000 / € 4.900.000 
Funding Programme  ALA 
Responsible DG  DEL Manila 
Description  This project contributes to the efforts of the Government of the 
Philippines towards a more professional migration and border 
management in line with international norms and protocols.  
 
Project Name  “The Opportunity Card” (2003/HLWG/031)  
Location  Philippines 
Implementation period  June 2004 – December 2005 
Implementing Partner  Opportunity International 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 701.417,11 / € 530.055,00 
 
RO 69   RO Funding Programme  HLWG – B7-667 
Responsible DG  JLS 
Description  The project led by Opportunity International UK (an international 
network of microfinance organisations) aims to provide a remittance product for overseas Filipino workers to remit monies back to the 
Philippines. The product provi des a secure and economically 
competitive means for remittances to be made and uses the HSBC 
(bank) Money transfer product which ta kes the form of a cash card to 
be held by the recipients of the remittance. The initial target is of 15,000 
new cards. 
The aim was thus to increase the amount of remittances as a tool to 
alleviate poverty by making them more accessible, cost and time-
effective and safe.  
Sri Lanka  
Project Name  Possible Establishment of an Inform ation Exchange System Field-Based 
Country of Origin Information System With Regard to Sri Lanka (2001/HLWG/122)  
Location  Sri Lanka 
Implementation period  January 2002 – April 2005 
Implementing Partner  ICMPD 
Budget/EC 
contribution  € 1.079.663,55; EU grant: € 863.731,00 
Funding Programme  HLWG – B7-667 
Responsible DG  JLS 
Description  The purpose of this project was to pr ovide country of origin information 
to interested Governments when dealing with pre-departure return planning of Sri Lankan nationals and therefore facilitating a more successful integration of Sri Lankan national returnees. 
 Project Name Capacity Building in Migrati on Management and Sustainable Return and 
Reintegration in Sri Lanka (2001/HLWG/130, 2002/HLWG/002, 
2003/HLWG/060, 2005/103522)  
Location Sri Lanka 
Implementation period December 2001 – November 2007 
Implementing Partner IOM 
Budget/EC € 1.353.141 / € 1.082.513 (2001/HLWG/130) 
 
RO 70   RO contribution € 600.000 / € 507.713,70 (2002/HLWG/002) 
€ 1.115.397,90 / € 892.318,32 (2003/HLWG/060) 
€ 2.341.830 / € 1.873.464 (2005/103522) 
Funding Programme HLWG and AENEAS 
Responsible DG JLS and EuropeAid 
Description The EC’s support to Sri Lanka focuses at strengthening the capacity of 
Sri Lanka to manage migration, e nhance regular migration, support 
assisted voluntary return and reintegration and foster economic 
relations and exchange of experience between Sri Lankan migrants and 
their home country. In addition, the four projects strived to build the capacity of the Sri Lankan governme nt to reduce irregular migration 
into and through Sri Lanka, and a wide range of training activities were conducted, both within Sri Lanka as is the EU. 
 
RO 71   RO Annex III:  
Overview of the migratory situation and flows from and in the Eastern and South-Eastern 
regions neighbouring the EU and statistics 
The latest available data indicates that around 5.5 million migrants from countries in the Eastern 
and South-Eastern regions are residing legally  in the EU, which represents nearly 30% of all 
resident third-country nationals. The most impor tant countries of origin are Turkey, Serbia, 
Montenegro, Albania and Ukraine. 
In terms of illegal immigration , and in comparison to migration from Africa, migration from the 
Eastern and South-Eastern regions is  different in nature: the flows are more constant (there is no 
specific seasonal cycle), more diffuse (given the multiplicity of possible entry points and the fact 
that an important share of illegal immigration is  due to persons who enter the EU legally but 
overstay their visa) and more under the control of  networks connected with organised crime and 
involved in multiform criminal businesses. 
As regards numbers, a rough analysis suggests th at migration flows to the EU originating in 
neighbouring countries reached its peak at the end of the 1990s and that this is  now stabilising if not 
slightly declining; this is a tr end that is likely to continue due  to economic growth and increased 
political stability. At the same time there is evidence that migrants from Asia are seeking new 
routes into the EU via Africa, th e Mediterranean and the Atlantic. It is predicted that flows from 
Asia will increase. 
While illegal immigration negatively impacts on the EU, countries of origin are also significantly 
affected by migration. Whilst in some cases, attrac ting migrant labour is an  important concern for 
the EU given the sharp d ecline in population, for c ountries of origin difficu lt economic situations 
can generate high levels of emigration among people of working age, people who may then 
however remit important earnings to their country of origin. 
Assessing the scale and nature of migratory flows  from, through or to the countries in the Eastern 
and South-Eastern regions neighbouring the EU is a difficult task which must take into account the 
changes in the EU's external borders: following enlargement of the Union to include Bulgaria and 
Romania, the EU now has more extended extern al borders with Serbia, the former Yugoslav 
Republic of Macedonia, Ukraine and Turkey; a new external border w ith Moldova; and an 
additional external sea border at the Black Sea whic h brings the countries of the Southern Caucasus 
closer. Land borders are also due to change as soon as the newer Me mber States join the Schengen 
area. As the borders of the EU shift, migratory routes  also shift, displacing existing routes or adding 
new ones. New routes also appear when certain r outes are closed off following increased action by 
enforcement agencies charged with tackling illegal immigration and or ganised crime. In addition, in 
recent years migratory flows have  increasingly diversified and ne w migratory flows are emerging 
alongside traditional and rela tively long-standing ones. In this c ontext, migration is more difficult to 
manage and Member States increasi ngly turn to the EU to seek solu tions via cross-bo rder dialogue 
and cooperation with and w ithin the partner regions. 
Regarding asylum,  according to UNHCR, seven of the ten main countries of origin of asylum-
seekers in the EU in 2004 were countries in the Eastern and South-Easter n regions neighbouring the 
EU, namely in the Western Balkans, the Middle East  and Asia. This is compared to three countries 
in sub-Saharan Africa. Capacity to ensure proper asylum proces sing in many countries of these 
regions is weak. Even when refugees staying in the region enjoy legal secu rity, the poor social and 
economic climate is a barrier to integration. 
 
RO 72   RO TABLE 1: Nationals of Eastern  and South-Eastern countries neighbouring the EU and of 
Asiatic countries registered by EU-25 
  As Legally 
residing (2004) As Apprehended 
illegal migrants (2005) As receivers of a 
visa (2005) As asylum 
seekers (2005) 
From South Caucasus  93,504 6,903 78,774 12,896
From Eastern 
Europe 536,658 41,211 2,039,952 9,322
From Western 
Balkans 2,502,906 83,173 838,174 25,890
From Turkey 2,456,186 9,749 532,177 10,746
From Russian 
Federation 485,053 13,844 2,833,392 18,143
TOTAL 6,074,307 154,880 6,322,469 76,997
From Asiatic 
countries12  2,002,589 58,518 1,447,382 62,975
TOTAL all 
groups above 8,079,154 213,398 7,769,851 139,972
 
TABLE 2: Number of illegal migrants apprehende d by law enforcement agencies of Eastern and 
South-Eastern countries neighbouring the EU 
 Year 2004 Year 2005 
In South Caucasus  3,123 3,029 
In Eastern Europe 10,104 13,748 
In Western Balkans 6,919 8,234 
In Turkey 61,228 57,428 
TOTAL  81,374 82,439 
Notes: Figures are Commission estimates based on the apprehension reports by ICMPD and other national sources 
Apprehended own nationals are in some cases included.  
Data from Turkey includes apprehensions within the country. Source: ICMPD: 2005 Yearbook. Vienna 2006. South Caucasus: no data was available for Armenia. 
                                                 
12 'Asiatic countries' includes here: Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, China, India, 
Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Vietnam, Iran, Iraq and Afghanistan, Lebanon, Syria and Jordan. 
 
RO 73   RO Western Balkans: For Albania for 2004 no data was available.  
Western NIS: For Belarus only the number of apprehended illegal migrants by MOI was available. For Moldova only 
the number of deported persons was available. 
TABLE 3: Number of asylum seekers registered in  Eastern and South Eastern countries neighbouring 
the EU- Year 2004 
 Total asylum seekers 
South Caucasus  1,431
Eastern Europe 2,189
Western Balkans 586
Turkey 3,908
TOTAL  8,114
Source: UNHCR Statistical yearbook 2004 
 
RO 74   RO TABLE 4: Stock of third country nationals from  Eastern countries legally residing in the EU27 
Nationals of Eastern and South-Eastern countries ne ighbouring the EU, including Russian Federation 
Turkey 2456186
Serbia-
Montenegro 839247
Albania 778748
Russian 
Federation  485053
Ukraine 451283
Bosnia and 
Herzegovina 352449
Croatia 338307
Former Yugoslav 
Republic of Macedonia 194155
Moldova 82011
Armenia 59381
Georgia 31166
Azerbaijan 2957
Belarus 3364
TOTAL 6074307
Nationals of Asiatic countries of transit and origin 
China 405546 
India 326592 
Iraq  186505 
Pakistan 170734 
Sri Lanka 149329 
Islamic Republic of Iran 131932 
Vietnam 126862 
Indonesia 124088 
 
RO 75   RO Bangladesh 113464 
Afghanistan 92119 
Lebanon 74227 
Syria 54704 
Jordan 17290 
Uzbekistan  10313 
Kirgizstan 9759 
Kazakhstan  6257 
Turkmenistan 1755 
Tajikistan 1113 
TOTAL nationals from Asiatic 
countries 2002589 
Distribution of the stock of third country nationals living in the EU27
Nationals from eastern and 
south eastern neighbouring 
countries and Russia
34%
Nationals from Asiatic countries 
of transit and origin
11%Nationals from other third 
countries 
55%
 
RO 76   RO TABLE 5: Visa data 
Group 1    
Russia 2833392
Ukraine 1348162
Belarus 629849
Serbia and Montenegro 541244
Turkey 532177
Albania 136569
Bosnia and 
Herezegovina  128750
Moldova 61941
Georgia 40322
Armenia 21911
Croatia 17545
Azerbaijan 16541
Former Yugoslav 
Republic of Macedonia 14066
Total group 1 6322469
 
Group 2   
China 592644
India 292861
Iran 104898
Kazakhstan 104166
Lebanon 74299
Indonesia 67931
Pakistan 40243
Syria 37708
Vietnam 35372
 
RO 77   RO Jordan 31449
Sri Lanka 16984
Uzbekistan 12232
Bangladesh 11808
Kyrgizstan 8930
Iraq 6563
Turkmenistan 4033
Afghanistan 3526
Tajikistan  1735
TOTAL group 2 144738
2
 
TOTAL group 1 + group 2 7769851 
TOTAL visas issued worldwide 11709251 
Percentage of visas issued in countries group 1 54% 
Percentage of visas issued in countries group 2 12,30% 
NB. Transit A visas not included. Data is for the year 2005.  
Source: Visa data collection managed by Council secretariat and Commission 
TABLE 6: Apprehended illegal aliens in EU25, 2004-2005 
Group 1 Nationals of Eastern and South-
Eastern countries neighbouring the EU including Russian Federation  
Country 2004 2005
Albania 36965 52388
Ukraine 29156 26791
Russia 17276 13844
Serbia 
Montenegro 6988 13058
Moldova 10710 11444
Turkey  9775 9749
 
RO 78   RO Georgia 5627 4009
Former Yugoslav 
Republic of 
Macedonia 3532 3518
Belarus 2911 2976
Bosnia 2663 2483
Armenia 2142 1938
Croatia 1110 1151
Azerbaijan 1417 956
Total group 1 134,597 154,880 
   
Group 2 Nationals of Asiatic countries of 
origin and transit  
Country 2004 2005
Iraq 6861 14242
China 10715 10894
India 9168 9905
Pakistan 5151 6724
Iran 2858 4640
Bangladesh 3223 3551
Vietnam 2325 2338
Syria 1526 1728
Afghanistan 724 909
Lebanon 736 803
Sri Lanka 1101 745
Uzbekistan 517 642
Kazakhstan 616 587
Kirgyzstan 301 350
 
RO 79   RO Jordan 161 212
Indonesia 147 114
Tajikistan 109 100
Turkmenistan 73 34
Total group 2 46312 58518
 
TOTAL  
groups 1 & 2 180,909  213,398 
Total 
apprehended illegals in all 
countries in EU25 390123 423378
% from 2 above 
groups on global 
total 46.37% 50,40%
Source: Eurostat 
NB – Order in the list follows 2005 ranking.  
Missing data: Ireland, Luxembourg, UK 
 
RO 80   RO TABLE 7: Asylum applications and positive decisions in EU25, 2004-2005     
Asylum applications and positive decisions in EU25, 2004-2005    
Source: Eurostat       
       
Group 1       
 2004   2005   
Country  Applications Positive decisions Ratio % between 
applications and 
positive decisions Applications Positive decisions Ratio % between 
applications and positive decisions 
Serbia Montenegro 17432 1866 10,70 19475 1978 10,16
Russia 26373 7446 28,23 18143 8386 46,22
Turkey  13547 1611 11,89 10746 1453 13,52
Georgia 7452 189 2,54 6330 153 2,42
Moldova 5229 90 1,72 4506 75 1,66
Armenia 3682 193 5,24 3793 427 1,26
Bosnia 3955 1134 28,67 3183 875 27,49
Ukraine 4569 138 3,02 3077 118 3,83
Azerbaijan 3630 362 9,97 2773 714 25,75
 
RO 81   RO Belarus 1931 165 8,54 1739 216 12,42
Former Yugoslav 
Republic of Macedonia 
2000 38 1,90 1578 68 4,31
Albania 1882 214 11,37 1378 120 8,71
Croatia 456 17 3,73 276 26 9,42
Total group 1 92138 13463 14,61 76997 14609 18,97
       
 2004   2005   
Country  Applications Positive decisions Ratio % between 
applications and 
positive decisions Applications Positive decisions Ratio % between 
applications and 
positive decisions 
Iraq 7910 2705 34,20 10805 4260 39,43
China 11445 305 2,66 7765 345 4,44
Iran 8760 1560 17,81 7485 1920 25,65
Pakistan 8940 360 4,03 6810 440 6,46
Afghanistan 7135 2610 36,58 6765 2420 35,77
India 9710 35 0,36 5795 45 0,78
Bangladesh 5535 340 6,14 4220 225 5,33
 
RO 82   RO Sri Lanka 3600 480 13,33 3890 275 7,07
Syria 2910 440 15,12 3695 730 19,76
Vietnam 3340 285 8,53 2400 180 7,50
Lebanon 1200 45 3,75 1320 130 9,85
Uzbekistan 590 100 16,95 725 180 24,83
Kazakhstan 590 85 14,41 435 85 19,54
Kirgyzstan 510 45 8,82 390 90 23,08
Jordan 230 15 6,52 255 25 9,80
Tajikistan 130 25 19,23 95 10 10,53
Indonesia 75 5 6,67 70 0 0,00
Turkmenistan 115 30 26,09 55 15 27,27
Total Group 2 72725 9470 13,02 62975 11375 18,06
       
 2004   2005   
 Applications Positive decisions % Positive decisions Applications Positive decisions % Positive 
decisions 
TOTAL all groups 164863 22933 13,91 139972 25984 18,56
 
RO 83   RO Total asylum 
applications/decisions 
from all countries in EU25 
282480 62986   237840 73068   
Percentage from 2 above groups on global total 
58,36% 36,40%   58,85% 35,56%   
       
       
N.B. Order on the list follows order of importance of applications in 2005    
The ratio between applications and positive decisions is not a recognition rate    Remarks:       
Data rounded up to the nearest 5.      
2004 - no applications data disaggregated by citizenship available for IT    
2004 - no decisions data available for IT     
2004, 2005 - no decisions data available for LU