42005X0822(01)
22.8.2005 JURNALUL OFICIAL AL UNIUNII EUROPENE L 217/3
ANEXĂ
Regulation No 94 Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles w ith regard to the protection of the
occupants in the event of a frontal collision
CONTENTS
1. Scope
2. Definitions3. Application for approval4. Approval5. Specifications6. Instructions for users of vehicles equipped with airbags7. Modification and extension of approval of the vehicle type8. Conformity of production9. Penalties for non-conformity of production
10. Production definitely discontinued11. Transitional provisions12. Names and addresses of technical services responsible for conducting approval tests, and of administrative departments
Annexes
Annex 1 Communication concerning the approval or extension or refusal or w ithdrawal of approval or production
definitelydiscontinuedofavehicletypewithregardtotheprotectionof theoccupantsintheeventofafrontal
collision, pursuant to Regulation No 94
Annex 2 Arrangements of the approval markAnnex 3 Test procedureAnnex 4 Determination of performance criteriaAnnex 5 Arrangement and installation of dummies and adjustment of restrai nt systems
Annex 6 Procedure for determining the „H” point and the actual torso angle f or seating positions in motor vehicles
Appendix 1 Description of the three-dimensional „H” point machineAppendix 2 Three-dimensional reference systemAppendix 3 Reference data concerning seating positions
Annex 7 Test procedure with trolley
Appendix Equivalence curve - Tolerance band for curve ΔV = f(t)
Annex 8 Technique of measurement in measurement tests: instrumentationAnnex 9 Definition of the deformable barrierAnnex 10 Certification procedure for the dummy lower leg and foot58 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 11/vol. 42
1. SCOPE
1.1. This Regulation applies to power-driven vehicles of category M1(1) of a total permissible mass not
exceeding 2,5 tonnes; heavier vehicles may be approved at the request of th e manufacturer.
1.2. It shall apply at the request of the manufacturer for the approval of a v ehicle type with regard to the
protection of the occupants of the front outboard seats in the event of a fro ntal collision.
2. DEFINITIONS
For the purposes of this Regulation:
2.1. „Protectivesystem”meansinteriorfittingsanddevicesintendedto restraintheoccupantsandcontribute
towards ensuring compliance with the requirements set out in paragraph 5 b elow;
2.2. „Typeofprotectivesystem”meansacategoryofprotectivedeviceswh ichdonotdifferinsuchessential
respects as:
— their technology;— their geometry;— their constituent materials;
2.3. „Vehiclewidth”meansthedistancebetweentwoplanesparalleltothe longitudinalmedianplane(ofthe
vehicle) and touching the vehicle on either side of the said plane but exclu ding the rear-view mirrors,
side marker lamps, tyre pressure indicators, direction indicator lamps, position lamps, flexible
mudguardsandthedeflectedpartofthetyresidewallsimmediatelyabovet hepointofcontactwiththe
ground;
2.4. „Overlap” means the percentage of the vehicle width directly in line w ith the barrier face;
2.5. „Deformable barrier face” means a crushable section mounted on the fr ont of a rigid block;
2.6. „Vehicle type” means a category of power-driven vehicles which do not differ in such essential
respects as:
2.6.1. the length and width of the vehicle, in so far as they have a negative e ffect on the results of the impact
test prescribed in this Regulation;
2.6.2. thestructure,dimensions,linesandmaterialsofthepartoftheve hicleforwardofthetransverseplane
through the „R” point of the driver’s seat, in so far as they have a negative e ffect on the results of the
impact test prescribed in this Regulation;
2.6.3. thelinesandinsidedimensionsofthepassengercompartmentandth etypeofprotectivesystem,inso
far as they have a negative effect on the results of the impact test prescrib ed in this Regulation;
2.6.4. the siting (front, rear or centre) and the orientation (transversa l or longitudinal) of the engine;
2.6.5. theunladenmass,insofarasthereisanegativeeffectontheresult oftheimpacttestprescribedinthis
Regulation;
2.6.6. the optional arrangements or fittings provided by the manufacture r, in so far as they have a negative
effect on the result of the impact test prescribed in this Regulation;
2.7. „Passenger compartment” means the space for occupant accommodation , bounded by the roof, floor,
sidewalls, doors, outside glazing and front bulkhead and the plane of the r ear compartment bulkhead
or the plane of the rear-seat back support;
2.8. „«R»point”meansareferencepointdefinedforeachseatbythemanufa cturerinrelationtothevehicle’s
structure, as indicated in Annex 6;
2.9. „«H» point” means a reference point determined for each seat by the tes ting service responsible for
approval, in accordance with the procedure described in Annex 6;
(1) As defined in the Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicle s (R.E.3), Annex 7 (document
TRANS/SC1/WP29/78/Amend. 3), i.e., motor vehicles used for the carriage of passengers and comprising not more than
eight seats in addition to the driver’ seat.11/vol. 42 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 59
2.10. „unladen kerb mass” means the mass of the vehicle in running order, un occupied and unladen but
complete with fuel, coolant, lubricant, tools and a spare wheel (if these a re provided as standard
equipment by the vehicle manufacturer);
2.11. „airbag” means a device installed to supplement safety belts and res traint systems in power-driven
vehicles, i.e. systems which, in the event of a severe impact affecting the vehicle, automatically deploy
a flexible structure intended to limit, by compression of the gas containe d within it, the gravity of the
contactsofoneormorepartsofthebodyofanoccupantofthevehiclewithth einteriorofthepassenger
compartment;
2.12. „passenger airbag” means an airbag assembly intended to protect occ upant(s) in seats other than the
driver’s in the event of a frontal collision;
2.13. „child restraint” means an arrangement of components which may comp rise a combination of straps
or flexible components with a securing buckle, adjusting devices, attach ments, and in some cases a
supplementary chair and/or an impact shield, capable of being anchored to a power-driven vehicle. It
is so designed as to diminish the risk of injury to the wearer, in the event of a collision or of abrupt
deceleration of the vehicle by limiting the mobility of the wearer’s body;
2.14. „rearward-facing”meansfacinginthedirectionoppositetothenor maldirectionoftravelofthevehicle.
3. APPLICATION FOR APPROVAL
3.1. Theapplicationforapprovalofavehicletypewithregardtotheprote ctionoftheoccupantsofthefront
seats in the event of a frontal collision shall be submitted by the vehicle m anufacturer or by his duly
accredited representative.
3.2. It shall be accompanied by the undermentioned documents in triplicat e and following particulars:
3.2.1. adetaileddescriptionofthevehicletypewithrespecttoitsstruc ture,dimensions,linesandconstituent
materials;
3.2.2. photographs, and/or diagrams and drawings of the vehicle showing t he vehicle type in front, side and
rear elevation and design details of the forward part of the structure;
3.2.3. particulars of the vehicle’s unladen kerb mass;
3.2.4. the lines and inside dimensions of the passenger compartment;3.2.5. a description of the interior fittings and protective systems inst alled in the vehicle.
3.3. The applicant for approval shall be entitled to present any data and re sults of tests carried out which
make it possible to establish that compliance with the requirements can be achieved with a sufficient
degree of confidence.
3.4. Avehiclewhichisrepresentativeofthetypetobeapprovedshallbesu bmittedtothetechnicalservice
responsible for conducting the approval tests.
3.4.1. Avehiclenotcomprisingallthecomponentspropertothetypemaybe acceptedfortestprovidedthat
it can be shown that the absence of the components omitted has no detrimenta l effect on the results
of the test in so far as the requirements of this Regulation are concerned.
3.4.2. Itshallbetheresponsibilityoftheapplicantforapprovaltoshow thattheapplicationofparagraph3.4.1
is compatible with compliance with the requirements of this Regulation.
4. APPROVAL
4.1. If the vehicle type submitted for approval pursuant to this Regulatio n meets the requirements of this
Regulation, approval of that vehicle type shall be granted.
4.1.1. The technical service appointed in accordance with paragraph 10 be low shall check whether the
required conditions have been satisfied.
4.1.2. In case of doubt, account shall be taken, when verifying the conform ity of the vehicle to the
requirementsofthisRegulation,ofanydataortestresultsprovidedbyth emanufacturerwhichcanbe
taken into consideration in validating the approval test carried out by th e technical service.60 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 11/vol. 42
4.2. An approval number shall be assigned to each type approved. Its first t wo digits (at present 01
corresponding to the 01 series of amendments) shall indicate the series of amendments incorporating
themostrecentmajortechnicalamendmentsmadetotheRegulationattheti meofissueoftheapproval.
The same Contracting Party may not assign the same approval number to anoth er vehicle type.
4.3. Notice of approval or of refusal of approval of a vehicle type pursuant to this Regulation shall be
communicated by the Parties to the Agreement which apply this Regulation b y means of a form
conformingtothemodelinAnnex 1tothisRegulationandphotographsand/o rdiagramsanddrawings
suppliedbytheapplicantforapproval,inaformatnotexceedingA4(210×2 97mm)orfoldedtothat
format and on an appropriate scale.
4.4. There shall be affixed, conspicuously and in a readily accessible pla ce specified on the approval form,
toeveryvehicleconformingtoavehicletypeapprovedunderthisRegulati on,aninternationalapproval
mark consisting of:
4.4.1. a circle surrounding the letter „E” followed by the distinguishing number of the country which has
granted approval (1);
4.4.2. ThenumberofthisRegulation,followedbytheletter„R”,adashand theapprovalnumber,totheright
of the circle prescribed in paragraph 4.4.1;
4.5. If the vehicle conforms to a vehicle type approved, under one or more ot her Regulations Annexed to
theAgreement,inthecountrywhichhasgrantedapprovalunderthisRegula tion,thesymbolprescribed
in paragraph 4.4.1 need not be repeated; in such a case the Regulation and ap proval numbers and the
additionalsymbolsofalltheRegulationsunderwhichapprovalhasbeengr antedinthecountrywhich
hasgrantedapprovalunderthisRegulationshallbeplacedinverticalcol umnstotherightofthesymbol
prescribed in paragraph 4.4.1.
4.6. The approval mark shall be clearly legible and be indelible.
4.7. The approval mark shall be placed close to or on the vehicle data plate a ffixed by the manufacturer.
4.8. Annex 2 to this Regulation gives examples of approval marks.
5. SPECIFICATIONS
5.1. General specifications applicable to all tests
5.1.1. The„H”pointforeachseatshallbedeterminedinaccordancewithth eproceduredescribedinAnnex 6.
5.1.2. Whentheprotectivesystemforthefrontseatingpositionsinclude sbelts,thebeltcomponentsshallmeet
the requirements of Regulation No 16.
5.1.3. Seatingpositionswhereadummyisinstalledandtheprotectivesys temincludesbelts,shallbeprovided
with anchorage points conforming to Regulation No 14.
(1) 1forGermany,2forFrance,3forItaly,4fortheNetherlands,5forSweden ,6forBelgium,7forHungary,8fortheCzech
Republic,9forSpain,10forYugoslavia,11fortheUnitedKingdom,12forA ustria,13forLuxembourg,14forSwitzerland,
15(vacant),16forNorway,17forFinland,18forDenmark,19forRomania,2 0forPoland,21forPortugal,22forRussia,
23 for Greece, 24 for Ireland, 25 for Croatia, 26 for Slovenia, 27 for Slovak ia, 28 for Belarus, 29 for Estonia, 30 (vacant),
31forBosniaandHerzegovina,32forLatvia,33(vacant),34forBulgaria, 35(vacant),36forLithuania,37forTurkey,38
(vacant),39forAzerbaijan,40fortheformerYugoslavRepublicofMacedo nia,41(vacant),42fortheEuropeanCommunity
(approvalsaregrantedbyitsMemberStatesusingtheirrespectiveECEsym bol),43forJapan,44(vacant),45forAustralia,
46 for Ukraine, 47 for South Africa and 48 for New Zealand. Subsequent numbe rs shall be assigned to other countries in
the chronological order in which they ratify the Agreement concerning the Adoption of Uniform Conditions of Approval
andReciprocalRecognitionofApprovalforMotorVehicleEquipmentandPa rts,orinwhichtheyaccedetothatAgreement,
and the numbers thus assigned shall be communicated by the Secretary-Gene ral of the United Nations to the Contracting
Parties to the Agreement.11/vol. 42 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 61
5.2. Specifications
The test of the vehicle carried out in accordance with the method described in Annex 3 shall be
considered satisfactory if all the conditions set out in paragraphs 5.2.1 to 5.2.6 are all satisfied at the
same time.
5.2.1. Theperformancecriteriarecorded,inaccordancewithAnnex 8,ont hedummiesinthefrontoutboard
seats shall meet the following conditions:
5.2.1.1. the head performance criterion (HPC) shall not exceed 1 000 and th e resultant head acceleration shall
not exceed 80 g for more than 3 ms. The latter shall be calculated cumulative ly, excluding rebound
movement of the head;
5.2.1.2. the neck injury criteria (NIC) shall not exceed the values shown i n Figures 1 and 2;
Figure 1
Neck tension criterion
Figure 2
Neck shear criterion
62 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 11/vol. 42
5.2.1.3. the neck bending moment about the y axis shall not exceed 57 Nm in ex tension (1);
5.2.1.4. the thorax compression criterion (ThCC) shall not exceed 50 mm;
5.2.1.5. the viscous criterion (V * C) for the thorax shall not exceed 1,0 m/ s;
5.2.1.6. thefemurforcecriterion(FFC)shallnotexceedtheforce-timep erformancecriterionshowninFigure3;
5.2.1.7. the tibia compression force criterion (TCFC) shall not exceed 8 k N;
5.2.1.8. thetibiaindex(TI),measuredatthetopandbottomofeachtibia, shallnotexceed1,3ateitherlocation;
5.2.1.9. the movement of the sliding knee joints shall not exceed 15 mm.
(1) Until1October1998,thevaluesobtainedfortheneckshallnotbepass/fa ilcriteriaforthepurposesofgrantingapproval.
Theresultsobtainedshallberecordedinthetestreportandbecollectedb ytheapprovalauthority.Afterthisdate,thevalues
specified in this paragraph shall apply as pass/fail criteria unless or un til alternative values are adopted.Figure 3
Femur force criterion
11/vol. 42 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 63
5.2.2. Residualsteeringwheeldisplacement,measuredatthecentreofth esteeringwheelhub,shallnotexceed
80 mm in the upwards vertical direction and 100 mm in the rearward horizonta l direction.
5.2.3. During the test no door shall open.
5.2.4. During the test no locking of the locking systems of the front doors s hall occur.
5.2.5. Aftertheimpact,itshallbepossible,withouttheuseoftools,exc eptforthosenecessarytosupportthe
weight of the dummy:
5.2.5.1. to open at least one door, if there is one, per row of seats and, wher e there is no such door, to move
theseatsortilttheirbackrestsasnecessarytoallowtheevacuationofal ltheoccupants;thisis,however,
only applicable to vehicles having a roof of rigid construction;
5.2.5.2 to release the dummies from their restraint system which, if locke d, shall be capable of being released
by a maximum force of 60 N on the centre of the release control;
5.2.5.3. to remove the dummies from the vehicle without adjustment of the s eats.
5.2.6. Inthecaseofavehiclepropelledbyliquidfuel,nomorethanslight leakageofliquidfromthefuelfeed
installation shall occur on collision.
5.2.7. If there is continuous leakage of liquid from the fuel-feed install ation after the collision, the rate of
leakage shall not exceed 30 g/min; if the liquid from the fuel-feed system m ixes with liquids from the
othersystemsandthevariousliquidscannoteasilybeseparatedandident ified,alltheliquidscollected
shall be taken into account in evaluating the continuous leakage.
6. INSTRUCTIONS FOR USERS OF VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH AIRBAGS
6.1. The vehicle shall carry information to the effect that it is equipped w ith airbags for seats.
6.1.1. Foravehiclefittedwithanairbagassemblyintendedtoprotectthe driver,thisinformationshallconsist
of the inscription „AIRBAG” located in the interior of the circumference o f the steering wheel; this
inscription shall be durably affixed and easily visible.
6.1.2. For a vehicle fitted with a passenger airbag intended to protect occ upants other than the driver, this
information shall consist of the warning label described in paragraph 6.2 .
6.2. Avehiclefittedwithoneormorepassengerfrontalprotectionairbag sshallcarryinformationaboutthe
extremehazardassociatedwiththeuseofrearward-facingchildrestrain tsonseatsequippedwithairbag
assemblies.
6.2.1. As a minimum, this information shall consist of a label containing a pictogram and text warning as
indicated below.64 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 11/vol. 42
The overall dimensions shall be 120 × 60 mm or the equivalent area, as a minim um.
The label shown above may be adapted in such a way that the layout differs fro m the example above;
however, the text content shall meet the above prescriptions.
6.2.2. Atthetimeoftypeapproval,thelabelshallbeinatleastoneofthel anguagesoftheContractingParty
where the application for approval is submitted. The manufacturer shall d eclare his responsibility for
ensuring the warning is provided at least in one of the languages of the coun try in which the vehicle
is to be sold.
6.2.3. Inthecaseofafrontalprotectionairbagonthefrontpassengersea t,thewarningshallbedurablyaffixed
toeachfaceofthepassengerfrontsunvisorinsuchapositionthatatleast onewarningonthesunvisor
is visible at all times, irrespective of the position of the sun visor. Alte rnatively, one warning shall be
onthevisiblefaceofthestowedsunvisorandasecondwarningshallbeonth eroofbehindthevisor,
so,atleastonewarningisvisiblealltimes.Thetextsizemustallowthela beltobeeasilyreadbyanormal
sighted user seated on the seat concerned.
Inthecaseofafrontalprotectionairbagforotherseatsinthevehicle,th ewarningmustbedirectlyahead
oftherelevantseat,andclearlyvisibleatalltimestosomeoneinstallin garear-facingchildrestrainton
thatseat.Thetextsizemustallowthelabeltobeeasilyreadbyanormalsig hteduserseatedontheseat
concerned.Thisrequirementdoesnotapplytothoseseatsequippedwithadevicewhich automaticallydeactivates
the frontal protection airbag assembly when any rearward-facing child re straint is installed.
11/vol. 42 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 65
6.2.4. Detailedinformation,makingreferencetothewarning,shallbeco ntainedintheowner’smanualofthe
vehicle; as a minimum, the following text in the official languages of the c ountry where the vehicle is
to be registered, must include:
„Do not use a rearward-facing child restraint on a seat protected by an airb ag in front of it”
The text shall be accompanied by an illustration of the warning to be found i n the vehicle.
7. MODIFICATION AND EXTENSION OF APPROVAL OF THE VEHICLE TYPE
7.1. Anymodificationaffectingthestructure,thenumberofseats,thein teriortrimorfittings,ortheposition
of the vehicle controls or of mechanical parts which might affect the energ y-absorption capability of
the front of the vehicle shall be brought to the notice of the administrativ e department granting
approval. The department may then either:
7.1.1. considerthatthemodificationsmadeareunlikelytohaveanapprec iableadverseeffectandthatinany
case the vehicle still complies with the requirements; or
7.1.2. requirethetechnicalserviceresponsibleforconductingthetest stocarryoutafurthertest,amongthose
described below, according to the nature of the modifications.
7.1.2.1. Any modification of the vehicle affecting the general form of the structure of the vehicle and/or any
increase in mass greater tha n 8 % which in the judgement of the authority would have a marked
influence on the results of the tests shall require a repetition of the test as described in Annex 3;
7.1.2.2. Ifthemodificationsconcernonlytheinteriorfittings,ifthem assdoesnotdifferbymoretha n8%andif
thenumberoffrontseatsinitiallyprovidedinthevehicleremainsthesam e,thefollowingshallbecarried
out:
7.1.2.2.1. a simplified test as provided for in Annex 7, and/or,
7.1.2.2.2. a partial test as defined by the technical service in relation t o the modifications made.
7.2. Confirmationorrefusalofapproval,specifyingthealterations,sh allbecommunicatedbytheprocedure
specified in paragraph 4.3 to the Parties to the Agreement which apply this Regulation.
7.3. The competent authority issuing the extension of approval shall assi gn a series number for such an
extension and inform thereof the other Parties to the 1958 Agreement apply ing this Regulation by
means of a communication form conforming to the model in Annex 1 to this Regu lation.
8. CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION
Theconformityofproductionproceduresshallcomplywiththosesetoutin theAgreement,Appendix2
(E/ECE/324-E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev. 2) with the following requirements:
8.1. every vehicle approved under this Regulation shall conform to the veh icle type approved, as regards
featurescontributingtotheprotectionoftheoccupantsofthevehiclein theeventofafrontalcollision;
8.2. the holder of the approval shall ensure that for each type of vehicle at least the tests concerning the
taking of measurements are carried out;
8.3. theauthoritywhichhasgrantedtypeapprovalmayatanytimeverifyth econformitycontrolmethods
appliedineachproductionfacility.Thenormalfrequencyoftheseverifi cationsshallbeonceeverytwo
years.
9. PENALTIES FOR NON-CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION
9.1. The approval granted in respect of a vehicle type pursuant to this Regu lation may be withdrawn if the
requirementlaiddowninparagraph8.1isnotcompliedwithorifthevehicl eorvehiclesselectedhave
failed to pass the checks prescribed in paragraph 8.2.
9.2. If a Contracting Party to the Agreement applying this Regulation with draws an approval it has
previously granted, it shall forthwith so notify the other Contracting Pa rties applying this Regulation,
by means of a communication form conforming to the model in Annex 1 to this Re gulation.66 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 11/vol. 42
10. PRODUCTION DEFINITELY DISCONTINUED
If the holder of the approval completely ceases to manufacture the type of v ehicle approved in
accordance with the Regulation, he shall so inform the authority which gra nted the approval. Upon
receivingtherelevantcommunicationthatauthorityshallinformthereo ftheotherPartiestothe1958
Agreement applying this Regulation by means of a communication form confo rming to the model in
Annex 1 to this Regulation.
11. TRANSITIONAL PROVISION
11.1. As from the official date of entry into force of Supplement 1 to the 01 s eries of amendments,
noContractingPartyapplyingthisRegulationshallrefusetograntECEap provalunderthisRegulation
as amended by Supplement 1 to the 01 series of amendments.
11.2. As from 1 October 2002, Contracting Parties applying this Regulatio n shall grant ECE approvals only
to those types of vehicles which comply with the requirements of this Regul ation as amended by
Supplement 1 to the 01 series of amendments.
12. NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF TECHNICAL SERVICES RESPONSIBLE FOR CONDUCTING
APPROVAL TESTS, AND OF ADMINISTRATIVE DEPARTMENTS
The Contracting Parties to the Agreement applying this Regulation shall c ommunicate to the United
Nations secretariat the names and addresses of the technical services res ponsible for conducting
approval tests, of manufacturers authorised to carry out tests and of the a dministrative departments
which grant approval and to which forms certifying approval or refusal or w ithdrawal of approval,
issued in other countries, are to be sent.11/vol. 42 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 67
ANNEX 1
(maximum format: A4 (210 × 297 mm))
68 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 11/vol. 42
ANNEX 2
Arrangements of the approval mark
MODEL A
(See paragraph 4.4. of this Regulation)
The above approval mark affixed to a vehicle shows that the vehicle type con cerned has, with regard to the protection of the occupants
intheeventofafrontalcollision,beenapprovedintheNetherlands(E4)p ursuanttoRegulationNo94underapprovalnumber011424.
The approval number indicates that the approval was granted in accordance with the requirements of Regulation No 94 as amended by
the 01 series of amendments.
MODEL B
(See paragraph 4.5 of this Regulation)
The above approval mark affixed to a vehicle shows that the vehicle type con cerned has been approved in the Netherlands (E4) pursuant
to Regulations Nos 94 and 11 (1). The first two digits of the approval numbers indicate that, at the dates w hen the respective approvals
were granted, Regulation No 94 incorporated the 01 series of amendments an d Regulation No 11 already included the 02 series of
amendments.
(1) The latter number is given only as an example.
11/vol. 42 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 69
ANNEX 3
Test procedure
1. INSTALLATION AND PREPARATION OF THE VEHICLE
1.1. Testing ground
Thetestareashallbelargeenoughtoaccommodatetherun-uptrack,barrie randtechnicalinstallationsnecessaryforthetest.
The last part of the track, for at leas t 5 m before the barrier, shall be horizontal, flat and smooth.
1.2. Barrier
Thefrontfaceofthebarrierconsistsofadeformablestructureasdefined inAnnex 9ofthisRegulation.Thefrontfaceofthe
deformablestructureisperpendicularwithin±1°tothedirectionoftrav elofthetestvehicle.Thebarrierissecuredtoamass
of not less tha n 7 × 104 kg, the front face of which is vertical within ± 1°. The mass is anchor ed in the ground or placed on
the ground with, if necessary, additional arresting devices to restrict i ts movement.
1.3. Orientation of the barrier
Theorientationofthebarrierissuchthatthefirstcontactofthevehicle withthebarrierisonthesteering-columnside.Where
there is a choice between carrying out the test with a right-hand or left-ha nd drive vehicle, the test shall be carried out with
the less favourable hand of drive as determined by the technical service re sponsible for the tests.
1.3.1.
Alignment of the vehicle to the barrier
The vehicle shall overlap the barrier face by 4 0%±2 0m m .
1.4. State of vehicle
1.4.1. General specification
The test vehicle shall be representative of the series production, shall i nclude all the equipment normally fitted and shall be
in normal running order. Some components may be replaced by equivalent mas ses where this substitution clearly has no
noticeable effect on the results measured under paragraph 6.
1.4.2. Mass of vehicle
1.4.2.1. For the test, the mass of the vehicle submitted shall be the unlade n kerb mass.
1.4.2.2. The fuel tank shall be filled with water to mass equal to 90 % of the m ass of a full as specified by the manufacturer with a
tolerance o f±1% .
1.4.2.3. All the other systems (brake, cooling, etc.) may be empty in this c ase, the mass of the liquids shall be carefully compensated.
1.4.2.4. Ifthemassofthemeasuringapparatusonboardthevehicleexceed sthe25kgallowed,itmaybecompensatedbyreductions
which have no noticeable effect on the results measured under paragraph 6.
1.4.2.5. Themassofthemeasuringapparatusshallnotchangeeachaxleref erenceloadbymorethan5%,eachvariationnotexceeding
20 kg.
1.4.2.6. The mass of the vehicle resulting from the provisions of paragrap h 1.4.2.1 shall be indicated in the report.70 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 11/vol. 42
1.4.3. Passenger compartment adjustments
1.4.3.1. Position of steering wheel
Thesteeringwheel,ifadjustable,shallbeplacedinthenormalpositioni ndicatedbythemanufactureror,failingthat,midway
between the limits of its range(s) of adjustment. At the end of propelled tr avel, the steering wheel shall be left free, with its
spokes in the position which according to the manufacturer corresponds to straight-ahead travel of the vehicle.
1.4.3.2. Glazing
The movable glazing of the vehicle shall be in the closed position. For test measurement purposes and in agreement with the
manufacturer, it may be lowered, provided that the position of the operati ng handle corresponds to the closed position.
1.4.3.3. Gear-change lever
The gear-change lever shall be in the neutral position.
1.4.3.4. Pedals
Thepedalsshallbeintheirnormalpositionofrest.Ifadjustable,theysh allbesetintheirmidpositionunlessanotherposition
is specified by the manufacturer.
1.4.3.5. Doors
The doors shall be closed but not locked.
1.4.3.6. Opening roof
Ifanopeningorremovableroofisfitted,itshallbeinplaceandintheclos edposition.Fortestmeasurementpurposesandin
agreement with the manufacturer, it may be open.
1.4.3.7. Sun visor
The sun visors shall be in the stowed position.
1.4.3.8. Rear-view mirror
The interior rear-view mirror shall be in the normal position of use.
1.4.3.9. Armrests
Armrests at the front and rear, if movable, shall be in the lowered position , unless this is prevented by the position of the
dummies in the vehicles.
1.4.3.10. Head restraints
Head restraints adjustable for height shall be in their uppermost positio n.
1.4.3.11.
Seats
1.4.3.11.1. Position of front seats
Seatsadjustablelongitudinallyshallbeplacedsothattheir„H”point,d eterminedinaccordancewiththeproceduresetoutin
Annex 6 is in the middle position of travel or in the nearest locking positio n thereto, and at the height position defined by
the manufacturer (if independently adjustable for height). In the case of a bench seat, the reference shall be to the „H” point
of the driver’s place.
1.4.3.11.2. Position of the front seat-backs
Ifadjustable,theseat-backsshallbeadjustedsothattheresultingincl inationofthetorsoofthedummyisascloseaspossible
to that recommended by the manufacturer for normal use or, in the absence of any particular recommendation by the
manufacturer, to 25° towards the rear from the vertical.11/vol. 42 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 71
1.4.3.11.3. Rear seats
If adjustable, the rear seats or rear bench seats shall be placed in the rear most position.
2. DUMMIES
2.1. Front seats
2.1.1. A dummy corresponding to the specifications for Hybrid III (1) fitted with a 45° ankle and meeting the specifications for its
adjustment shall be installed in each of the front outboard seats in accord ance with the conditions set out in Annex 5. The
dummy shall be equipped for recording the data necessary to determine the p erformance criteria with measuring systems
correspondingtothespecificationsinAnnex 8.Theankleofthedummyshal lbecertifiedinaccordancewiththeprocedures
in Annex 10.
2.1.2. The car will be tested with restraint systems, as provided by the man ufacturer.
3. PROPULSION AND COURSE OF VEHICLE
3.1. The vehicle shall be propelled either by its own engine or by any other p ropelling device.
3.2. At the moment of impact the vehicle shall no longer be subject to the act ion of any additional steering or propelling device.
3.3. The course of the vehicle shall be such that it satisfies the requireme nts of paragraphs 1.2 and 1.3.1.
4. TEST SPEED
Vehiclespeedatthemomentofimpactshallbe56-0,+1km/h.However,ifthe testwasperformedatahigherimpactspeed
and the vehicle met the requirements, the test shall be considered satisfa ctory.
5. MEASUREMENTS TO BE MADE ON DUMMY IN FRONT SEATS
5.1. All the measurements necessary for the verification of the performan ce criteria shall be made with measurement systems
corresponding to the specifications of Annex 8.
5.2. Thedifferentparametersshallberecordedthroughindependentdata channelsofthefollowingCFC(ChannelFrequencyClass).
5.2.1. Measurements in the head of the dummy
The acceleration (a) referring to the centre of gravity is calculated from the triaxial components of the acceleration measured
with a CFC of 1 000.
5.2.2. Measurements in the neck of the dummy
5.2.2.1. The axial tensile force and the fore/aft shear force at the neck/h ead interface are measured with a CFC of 1 000.
5.2.2.2. The bending moment about a lateral axis at the neck/head interfac e are measured with a CFC of 600.
5.2.3. Measurements in the thorax of the dummy
The chest deflection between the sternum and the spine is measured with a CF C of 180.
(1) The technical specifications and detailed drawings of Hybrid III, corre sponding to the principal dimensions of a fiftieth percentile male of the U nited
States of America, and the specifications for its adjustment for this test are deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations and may be
consulted on request at the secretariat of the Economic Commission for Eur ope, Palais des Nations, Geneva, Switzerland.72 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 11/vol. 42
5.2.4. Measurements in the femur and tibia of the dummy
5.2.4.1. The axial compressive force and the bending moments are measured with a CFC of 600.
5.2.4.2. The displacement of the tibia with respect to the femur is measure d at the knee sliding joint with a CFC of 180.
6. MEASUREMENTS TO BE MADE ON THE VEHICLE
6.1. To enable the simplified test described in Annex 7 to be carried out, th e deceleration time history of the structure shall be
determined on the basis of the value of the longitudinal accelerometers at the base of the „B” pillar on the struck side of the
vehicle with a CFC of 180 by means of data channels corresponding to the requ irements set out in Annex 8;
6.2. Thespeedtimehistorywhichwillbeusedinthetestproceduredescrib edinAnnex 7shallbeobtainedfromthelongitudinal
accelerometer at the „B” pillar on the struck side.11/vol. 42 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 73
ANNEX 4
Determination of performance criteria
1.HEAD PERFORMANCE CRITERION (HPC)
1.1. Thiscriterionisconsideredtobesatisfiedwhen,duringthetest,th ereisnocontactbetweentheheadandanyvehiclecomponent.
1.2. If that is not the case, a calculation of the value of HPC is made, on the b asis of the acceleration (a), measured according to
paragraph 5.2.1 of Annex 3, by the following expression:
in which:
1.2.1. the term „a” is the resultant acceleration measured according to pa ragraph 5.2.1. of Annex 3 and is measured in units of gravity,
g (1 g = 9,81 m/s2);
1.2.2. if the beginning of the head contact can be determined satisfactori ly, t1and t2are the two time instants, expressed in seconds,
defininganintervalbetweenthebeginningoftheheadcontactandtheendo ftherecordingforwhichthevalueofHPCismaximum;
1.2.3. ifthebeginningoftheheadcontactcannotbedetermined,t1andt2arethetwotimeinstants,expressedinseconds,definingatime
interval between the beginning and the end of the recording for which the va lue of HPC is maximum;
1.2.4. ValuesofHPCforwhichthetimeinterval(t1–t2)isgreaterthan36msareignoredforthepurposesofcalculatingthemaxim um
value.
1.3. Thevalueoftheresultantheadaccelerationduringforwardimpactwh ichisexceededfor3mscumulativelyiscalculatedfromthe
resultant head acceleration measured according to paragraph 5.2.1 of Ann ex 3.
2.NECK INJURY CRITERIA (NIC)
2.1. These criteria are determined by the compressive axial force, the axi al tensile force and the fore/aft shear forces at the head/neck
interface, expressed in kN and measured according to paragraph 5.2.2 of An nex 3 and by the duration of these forces expressed
in ms.
2.2. Theneckbendingmomentcriterionisdeterminedbythebendingmoment ,expressedinNm,aboutalateralaxisatthehead/neck
interface and measured according to paragraph 5.2.2 of Annex 3.
2.3. The neck flexion bending moment, expressed in Nm, shall be recorded.
3.THORAX COMPRESSION CRITERION (ThCC) AND VISCOUS CRITERION (V * C)
3.1. The thorax compression criterion is determined by the absolute value of the thorax deformation, expressed in mm and measured
according to paragraph 5.2.3 of Annex 3.
3.2. Theviscouscriterion(V*C)iscalculatedastheinstantaneousprodu ctofthecompressionandtherateofdeflectionofthesternum,
measured according to paragraph 6 and also paragraph 5.2.3 of Annex 3.
74 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 11/vol. 42
4.FEMUR FORCE CRITERION (FFC)
4.1. This criterion is determined by the compression load expressed in kN, transmitted axially on each femur of the dummy and
measured according to paragraph 5.2.4 of Annex 3 and by the duration of the c ompressive load expressed in ms.
5.TIBIA COMPRESSIVE FORCE CRITERION (TCFC) AND TIBIA INDEX (TI)
5.1. Thetibiacompressiveforcecriterionisdeterminedbythecompressi veload(Fz)expressedinkN,transmittedaxiallyoneachtibia
of the dummy and measured according to paragraph 5.2.4 of Annex 3.
5.2. The tibia index is calculated on the basis of the bending moments (Mx an d My) measured according to paragraph 5.1 by the
following expression:
where:
Mx= bending moment about the x axis
My= bending moment about the y axis
(Mc)R= critical bending moment and shall be taken to be 225 Nm
Fz= compressive axial force in the z direction
(Fc)z= critical compressive force in the z direction and shall be taken to be 35,9 kN and
MR=√((Mx)2+(My)2).
The tibia index is calculated for the top and the bottom of each tibia; howev er, F z may be measured at either location. The value
obtained is used for the top and bottom TI calculations. Moments Mx and My ar e both measured separately at both locations.
6.PROCEDURE FOR CALCULATING THE VISCOUS CRITERIA (V * C) FOR HYBRID III DUMMY
6.1. Theviscouscriterioniscalculatedastheinstantaneousproductoft hecompressionandtherateofdeflectionofthesternum.Both
are derived from the measurement of sternum deflection.
6.2. The sternum deflection response is filtered once at CFC 180. The compr ession at time t is calculated from this filtered signal as:
The sternum deflection velocity at time t is calculated from the filtered d eflection as:
where D(t) is the deflection at time t in metres and ∂t is the time interval in seconds b etween the measurements of deflection. The
maximum value of ∂t shall be 1,25 × 10–4seconds. This calculation procedure is shown diagrammatically below:
11/vol. 42 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 75
76 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 11/vol. 42
ANNEX 5
Arrangement and installation of dummies and adjustment of restraint syst ems
1.ARRANGEMENT OF DUMMIES
1.1.Separate seats
The plane of symmetry of the dummy shall coincide with the vertical median p lane of the seat.
1.2.Front bench seat
1.2.1.Driver
Theplaneofsymmetryofthedummyshalllieintheverticalplanepassingth roughthesteeringwheelcentreandparalleltothe
longitudinalmedianplaneofthevehicle.Iftheseatingpositionisdeter minedbytheshapeofthebench,suchseatshallberegarded
as a separate seat.
1.2.2.Outer passenger
The plane of symmetry of the dummy shall be symmetrical with that of the driv er dummy relative to the longitudinal median
planeofthevehicle.Iftheseatingpositionisdeterminedbytheshapeoft hebench,suchseatshallberegardedasaseparateseat.
1.3.Bench seat for front passengers (not including driver)
Theplanesofsymmetryofthedummyshallcoincidewiththemedianplanesof theseatingpositionsdefinedbythemanufacturer.
2.INSTALLATION OF DUMMIES
2.1.Head
Thetransverseinstrumentationplatformoftheheadshallbehorizontalw ithin2,5°.Toleveltheheadofthetestdummyinvehicles
withuprightseatswithnon-adjustablebacks,thefollowingsequencesmu stbefollowed.Firstadjustthepositionofthe„H”point
within the limits set forth in paragraph 2.4.3.1 to level the transverse in strumentation platform of the head of the test dummy.
Ifthetransverseinstrumentationplatformoftheheadisstillnotlevel, thenadjustthepelvicangleofthetestdummywithinthe
limitsprovidedinparagraph2.4.3.2.Ifthetransverseinstrumentation platformoftheheadisstillnotlevel,thenadjusttheneck
bracket of the test dummy the minimum amount necessary to ensure that the tr ansverse instrumentation platform of the head
is horizontal within 2,5°.
2.2.Arms
2.2.1. The driver’s upper arms shall be adjacent to the torso with the centr elines as close to a vertical plane as possible.
2.2.2. The passenger’s upper arms shall be in contact with the seat back and the sides of the torso.
2.3.Hands
2.3.1. The palms of the driver test dummy shall be in contact with the outer p art of the steering wheel rim at the rim’s horizontal
centreline.Thethumbsshallbeoverthesteeringwheelrimandshallbelig htlytapedtothesteeringwheelrimsothatifthehand
ofthetestdummyispushedupwardbyaforceofnotlesstha n9Nandnotmorethan22N,thetapeshallreleasethehandfrom
the steering wheel rim.
2.3.2. Thepalmsofthepassengertestdummyshallbeincontactwithoutsid eofthigh.Thelittlefingershallbeincontactwiththeseat
cushion.11/vol. 42 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 77
2.4.Torso
2.4.1. In vehicles equipped with bench seats, the upper torso of the driver and passenger test dummies shall rest against the seat-back.
Themid-sagittalplaneofthedriverdummyshallbeverticalandparallelt othevehicle’slongitudinalcentreline,andpassthrough
thecentreofthesteeringwheelrim.Themid-sagittalplaneofthepasseng erdummyshallbeverticalandparalleltothevehicle’s
longitudinal centreline and the same distance from the vehicle’s longitu dinal centreline as the mid-sagittal plane of the driver
dummy.
2.4.2. In vehicles equipped with individual seat(s), the upper torso of th e driver and passenger test dummies shall rest against the seat
back. The mid-sagittal plane of the driver and the passenger dummy shall be vertical and shall coincide with the longitudinal
centreline of the individual seat(s).
2.4.3.Lower torso
2.4.3.1. „H” point
The „H” point of the driver and passenger test dummies shall coincide withi n 13 mm in the vertical dimension and 13 mm in
the horizontal dimension, with a point 6 mm below the position of the „H” poi nt determined using the procedure described in
Annex 6exceptthatthelengthofthelowerlegandthighsegmentsofthe„H”p ointmachineshallbeadjustedto401and414mm,
instead of 417 and 432 mm respectively.
2.4.3.2. Pelvic angle
As determined using the pelvic angle gauge (GM) drawing 78051-532 incorpo rated by reference in Part 572 which is inserted
intothe„H”pointgaugingholeofthedummy,theanglemeasuredfromthehor izontalonthe76,2mmflatsurfaceofthegauge
shall be 22,5° plus or minus 2,5°.
2.5.Legs
Theupperlegsofthedriverandpassengertestdummiesshallrestagainstt heseatcushiontotheextentpermittedbyplacement
of the feet. The initial distance between the outboard knee clevis flange s urface shall be 270 mm ± 10 mm. To the extent
practicable, the left leg of the driver dummy and both legs of the passenger dummy shall be in vertical longitudinal planes. To
theextentpracticable,therightlegofthedriverdummyshallbeinaverti calplane.Finaladjustmenttoaccommodateplacement
of feet in accordance with paragraph 2.6 for various passenger compartmen t configurations is permitted.
2.6.Feet
2.6.1. Therightfootofthedrivertestdummyshallrestontheundepressed acceleratorwiththerearmostpointoftheheelonthefloor
surfaceintheplaneofthepedal.Ifthefootcannotbeplacedontheacceler atorpedal,itshallbepositionedperpendiculartothe
tibiaandplacedasfarforwardaspossibleinthedirectionofthecentreli neofthepedalwiththerearmostpointoftheheelresting
on the floor surface. The heel of the left foot shall be placed as far forward as possible and shall rest on the floor pan. The left
foot shall be positioned as flat as possible on the toeboard. The longitudi nal centreline of the left foot shall be placed as parallel
as possible to the longitudinal centreline of the vehicle.
2.6.2. Theheelsofbothfeetofthepassengertestdummyshallbeplacedasf arforwardaspossibleandshallrestonthefloorpan.Both
feet shall be positioned as flat as possible on the toeboard. The longitudi nal centreline of the feet shall be placed as parallel as
possible to the longitudinal centreline of the vehicle.
2.7. The measuring instruments installed shall not in any way affect the mo vement of the dummy during impact.
2.8. The temperature of the dummies and the system of measuring instrument s shall be stabilised before the test and maintained so
far as possible within a range between 19 °C and 22 °C.
2.9.Dummy clothing
2.9.1. Theinstrumenteddummieswillbeclothedinformfittingcottonstr etchgarmentswithshortsleevesandmid-calflengthtrousers
specified in FMVSS 208, drawings 78051-292 and 293 or their equivalent.
2.9.2. A size 11XW shoe, which meets the configuration size, sole and heel t hickness specifications of the US military standard MIL S
13192, revision P and whose weight is 0,57 ± 0,1 kg, shall be placed and faste ned on each foot of the test dummies.78 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 11/vol. 42
3.ADJUSTMENT OF RESTRAINT SYSTEM
With the test dummy at its designated seating position as specified by the a ppropriate requirements of paragraphs 2.1 through
2.6,placethebeltaroundthetestdummyandfastenthelatch.Removeallsl ackfromthelapbelt.Pulltheuppertorsowebbing
out of the retractor and allow it to retract. Repeat this operation four tim es. Applya9t o1 8N tension load to the lap belt. If
the belt system is equipped with a tension-relieving device, introduce th e maximum amount of slack into the upper torso belt
thatisrecommendedbythemanufacturerfornormaluseintheowner’smanua lforthevehicle.Ifthebeltsystemisnotequipped
withatension-relievingdevice,allowtheexcesswebbingintheshoulder belttoberetractedbytheretractiveforceoftheretractor.11/vol. 42 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 79
ANNEX 6
Procedure for determining the „H” point and the actual torso angle for seat ing positions in motor vehicles
1.PURPOSE
The procedure described in this Annex is used to establish the „H” point loc ation and the actual torso angle for one or several
seating positions in a motor vehicle and to verify the relationship of meas ured data to design specifications given by the vehicle
manufacturer (1).
2.DEFINITIONS
For the purposes of this Annex:
2.1. „reference data” means one or several of the following characteristi cs of a seating position:
2.1.1. the „H” point and the „R” point and their relationship;
2.1.2. the actual torso angle and the design torso angle and their relation ship;
2.2. „three-dimensional «H» point machine” (3-D H machine) means the devi ce used for the determination of „H” points and actual
torso angles. This device is described in Appendix 1 to this Annex;
2.3. „«H» point” means the pivot centre of the torso and the thigh of the 3-D H machine installed in the vehicle seat in accordance
withparagraph4.The„H”pointislocatedinthecentreofthecentrelineof thedevicewhichisbetweenthe„H”pointsightbuttons
oneithersideofthe3-DHmachine.The„H”pointcorrespondstheoreticall ytothe„R”point(fortolerancesseeparagraph3.2.2).
Oncedeterminedinaccordancewiththeproceduredescribedinparagraph4 ,the„H”pointisconsideredfixedinrelationtothe
seat-cushion structure and to move with it when the seat is adjusted;
2.4. „«R» point” or „seating reference point” means a design point defined by the vehicle manufacturer for each seating position and
established with respect to the three-dimensional reference system;
2.5. „torso-line” means the centreline of the probe of the 3-D H machine wit h the probe in the fully rearward position;
2.6. „actual torso angle” means the angle measured between a vertical line through the „H” point and the torso line using the back
angle quadrant on the 3-D H machine. The actual torso angle corresponds the oretically to the design torso angle (for tolerances
see paragraph 3.2.2):
2.7. „designtorsoangle”meanstheanglemeasuresbetweenaverticalline throughthe„R”pointandthetorsolineinapositionwhich
corresponds to the design position of the seat-back established by the veh icle manufacturer;
2.8. „centreplaneofoccupant”(C/LO)meansthemedianplaneofthe3-DHma chinepositionedineachdesignatedseatingposition;
itisrepresentedbythecoordinateofthe„H”pointonthe„Y”axis.Forindi vidualseats,thecentreplaneoftheseatcoincideswith
the centreplane of the occupant. For other seats, the centreplane of the oc cupant is specified by the manufacturer;
2.9. „three-dimensional reference system” means a system as described in Appendix 2 to this Annex;
2.10. „fiducial marks” are physical points (holes, surfaces, marks or ind entations) on the vehicle body as defined by the manufacturer;
2.11. „vehicle measuring attitude” means the position of the vehicle as de fined by the coordinates of fiducial marks in the
three-dimensional reference system.
3.REQUIREMENTS
3.1.Data presentation
Foreachseatingpositionwherereferencedataarerequiredinordertodem onstratecompliancewiththeprovisionsofthepresent
Regulation, all or an appropriate selection of the following data shall be presented in the form indicated in Appendix 3 to this
Annex:
(1) Inanyseatingpositionotherthanfrontseatswherethe„H”pointcannotb edeterminedusingthe„three-dimensional«H»pointmachine”orprocedur es,
the „R” point indicated by the manufacturer may be taken as a reference at th e discretion of the competent authority.80 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 11/vol. 42
3.1.1. the coordinates of the „R” point relative to the three-dimensional reference system;
3.1.2. the design torso angle;
3.1.3. all indications necessary to adjust the seat (if it is adjustable) t o the measuring position set out in paragraph 4.3.
3.2.Relationship between measured data and design specifications
3.2.1. The coordinates of the „H” point and the value of the actual torso ang le obtained by the procedure set out in paragraph 4 shall
be compared, respectively, with the coordinates of the „R” point and the va lue of the design torso angle indicated by the vehicle
manufacturer.
3.2.2. Therelativepositionsofthe„R”pointandthe„H”pointandtherela tionshipbetweenthedesigntorsoangleandtheactualtorso
angleshallbeconsideredsatisfactoryfortheseatingpositioninquesti onifthe„H”point,asdefinedbyitscoordinates,lieswithin
asquareof50mmsidelengthwithhorizontalandverticalsideswhosediago nalsintersectatthe„R”point,andiftheactualtorso
angle is within 5° of the design torso angle.
3.2.3. Iftheseconditionsaremet,the„R”pointandthedesigntorsoangle ,shallbeusedtodemonstratecompliancewiththeprovisions
of this Regulation.
3.2.4. Ifthe„H”pointortheactualtorsoangledoesnotsatisfytherequir ementsofparagraph3.2.2,the„H”pointandtheactualtorso
angle shall be determined twice more (three times in all). If the results of two of these three operations satisfy the requirements,
the conditions of paragraph 3.2.3 shall apply.
3.2.5. Iftheresultsofatleasttwoofthethreeoperationsdescribedinpa ragraph3.2.4donotsatisfytherequirementsofparagraph3.2.2,
or if the verification cannot take place because the vehicle manufacturer has failed to supply information regarding the position
ofthe„R”pointorregardingthedesigntorsoangle,thecentroidofthethr eemeasuredpointsortheaverageofthethreemeasured
angles shall be used and be regarded as applicable in all cases where the „R” point or the design torso angle is referred to in this
Regulation.
4.PROCEDURE FOR „H” POINT AND ACTUAL TORSO ANGLE DETERMINATION
4.1. Thevehicleshallbepreconditionedatthemanufacturer’sdiscretio n,atatemperatureof20±10°Ctoensurethattheseatmaterial
reachedroomtemperature.Iftheseattobecheckedhasneverbeensatupon, a70to80kgpersonordeviceshallsitontheseat
twice for one minute to flex the cushion and back. At the manufacturer’s req uest, all seat assemblies shall remain unloaded for
a minimum period of 30 min prior to installation of the 3-D H machine.
4.2. The vehicle shall be at the measuring attitude defined in paragraph 2. 11.
4.3. The seat, if it is adjustable, shall be adjusted first to the rearmost n ormal driving or riding position, as indicated by the vehicle
manufacturer,takingintoconsiderationonlythelongitudinaladjustme ntoftheseat,excludingseattravelusedforpurposesother
thannormaldrivingorridingpositions.Whereothermodesofseatadjustm entexist(vertical,angular,seat-back,etc.)thesewill
then be adjusted to the position specified by the vehicle manufacturer. Fo r suspension seats, the vertical position shall be rigidly
fixed corresponding to a normal driving position as specified by the manuf acturer.
4.4. The area of the seating position contacted by the 3-D H machine shall be covered by a muslin cotton, of sufficient size and
appropriate texture, described as a plain cotton fabric having 18,9 threa ds per cm2and weighing 0,228 kg/m2or knitted or
non-woven fabric having equivalent characteristics. If the test is run on a seat outside the vehicle, the floor on which the seat is
placed shall have the same essential characteristics (1) as the floor of the vehicle in which the seat is intended to be used.
4.5. Place the seat and back assembly of the 3-D H machine so that the centrep lane of the occupant (C/LO) coincides with the
centreplaneofthe3-DHmachine.Atthemanufacturer’srequest,the3-DHm achinemaybemovedinboardwithrespecttothe
C/LO if the 3-D H machine is located so far outboard that the seat edge will no t permit levelling of the 3-D H machine.
4.6. Attachthefootandlowerlegassembliestotheseatpanassembly,eith erindividuallyorbyusingtheT-barandlowerlegassembly.
A line through the „H” point sight buttons shall be parallel to the ground an d perpendicular to the longitudinal centreplane of
the seat.
(1) Tilt angle, height difference with a seat mounting, surface texture, etc .11/vol. 42 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 81
4.7. Adjust the feet and leg positions of the 3-D H machine as follows:
4.7.1. designated seating position: driver and outside front passenger:4.7.1.1. both feet and leg assemblies shall be moved forward in such a way th at the feet take up natural positions on the floor, between
the operating pedals if necessary. Where possible the left foot shall be lo cated approximately the same distance to the left of the
centreplaneofthe3-DHmachineastherightfootistotheright.Thespirit levelverifyingthetransverseorientationofthe3-DH
machine is brought to the horizontal by readjustment of the seat pan if nece ssary, or by adjusting the leg and foot assemblies
towards the rear. The line passing through the „H” point sight buttons shal l be maintained perpendicular to the longitudinal
centreplane of the seat;
4.7.1.2. if the left leg cannot be kept parallel to the right leg and the left foot cannot be supported by the structure, move the left foot
until it is supported. The alignment of the sight buttons shall be maintain ed;
4.7.2. designated seating position: outboard rear:
forrearseatsorauxiliaryseats,thelegsarelocatedasspecifiedbythem anufacturer.Ifthefeetthenrestonpartsofthefloorwhich
areatdifferentlevels,thefootwhichfirstcomesintocontactwiththefr ontseatshallserveasareferenceandtheotherfootshall
be so arranged that the spirit level giving the transverse orientation of t he seat of the device indicates the horizontal;
4.7.3. other designated seating positions:
thegeneralprocedureindicatedinparagraph4.7.1shallbefollowedexce ptthatthefeetshallbeplacedasspecifiedbythevehicle
manufacturer.
4.8. Apply lower leg and thigh weights and level the 3-D H machine.4.9. Tilt the back pan forward against the forward stop and draw the 3-D H mac hine away from the seat-back using the T-bar.
Reposition the 3-D H machine on the seat by one of the following methods:
4.9.1. if the 3-D H machine tends to slide rearward, use the following proce dure. Allow the 3-D H machine to slide rearward until a
forwardhorizontalrestrainingloadontheT-barisnolongerrequired,i. e.untiltheseatpancontactstheseat-back.Ifnecessary,
reposition the lower leg;
4.9.2. ifthe3-DHmachinedoesnottendtosliderearward,usethefollowin gprocedure.Slidethe3-DHmachinerearwardsbyapplying
a horizontal rearward load to the T-bar until the seat pan contacts the seat -back (see Figure 2 of Appendix 1 to this Annex).
4.10. Apply a 100 ± 10 N load to the back and pan assembly of the 3-D H machine at the intersection of the hip angle quadrant and
theT-barhousing.Thedirectionofloadapplicationshallbemaintaineda longalinepassingbytheaboveintersectiontoapoint
justabovethethighbarhousing(seeFigure2ofAppendix1tothisAnnex).T hencarefullyreturnthebackpantotheseat-back.
Care must be exercised throughout the remainder of the procedure to preven t the 3-D H machine from sliding forward.
4.11. Install the right and left buttock weights and then, alternately, th e eight torso weights. Maintain the 3-D H machine level.
4.12. Tilt the back pan forward to release the tension on the seat-back. Roc k the 3-D H machine from side to side through a 10° arc
(5° to each side of the vertical centreplane) for three complete cycles to r elease any accumulated friction between the 3-D H
machine and the seat.During the rocking action, the T-bar of the 3-D H machine may tend to diverge from the specified horizontal and vertical
alignment.TheT-barmustthereforeberestrainedbyapplyinganappropri atelateralloadduringtherockingmotions.Careshall
be exercised in holding the T-bar and rocking the 3-D H machine to ensure tha t no inadvertent exterior loads are applied in a
vertical or fore and aft direction.Thefeetofthe3-DHmachinearenottoberestrainedorheldduringthisstep .Ifthefeetchangeposition,theyshouldbeallowed
to remain in that attitude for the moment.Carefully return the back pan to the seat-back and check the two spirit leve ls for zero position. If any movement of the feet has
occurred during the rocking operation of the 3-D H machine, they must be rep ositioned as follows:
alternately,lifteachfootoffthefloortheminimumnecessaryamountunt ilnoadditionalfootmovementisobtained.Duringthis
lifting, the feet are to be free to rotate; and no forward or lateral loads ar e to be applied. When each foot is placed back in the
down position, the heel is to be in contact with the structure designed for t his;82
RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 11/vol. 42
checkthelateralspiritlevelforzeroposition;ifnecessary,applyalat eralloadtothetopofthebackpansufficienttolevelthe3-DH
machine’s seat pan on the seat.
4.13. Holding the T-bar to prevent the 3-D H machine from sliding forward on the seat cushion, proceed as follows:
(a) return the back pan to the seat-back;
(b) alternatelyapplyandreleaseahorizontalrearwardload,nottoexcee d25N,tothebackanglebarataheightapproximately
atthecentreofthetorsoweightsuntilthehipanglequadrantindicatesth atastablepositionhasbeenreachedafterloadrelease.
Careshallbeexercisedtoensurethatnoexteriordownwardorlateralload sareappliedtothe3-DHmachine.Ifanotherlevel
adjustment of the 3-D H machine is necessary, rotate the back pan forward, r e-level, and repeat the procedure from
paragraph 4.12.
4.14. Take all measurements:4.14.1. the coordinates of the „H” point are measured with respect to the th ree-dimensional reference system.
4.14.2. the actual torso angle is read at the back angle quadrant of the 3-D H machine with the probe in its fully rearward position.
4.15. If a re-run of the installation of the 3-D H machine is desired, the sea t assembly should remain unloaded for a minimum period
of 30 min prior to the re-run. The 3-D H machine should not be left loaded on th e seat assembly longer than the time required
to perform the test.
4.16. If the seats in the same row can be regarded as similar (bench seat, ide ntical seats, etc.) only one „H” point and one „actual torso
angle” shall be determined for each row of seats, the 3-D H machine describe d in Appendix 1 to this Annex being seated in a
place regarded as representative for the row. This place shall be:
4.16.1. in the case of the front row, the driver’s seat;4.16.2. in the case of the rear row or rows, an outer seat.11/vol. 42 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 83
Appendix 1
Description of the three-dimensional „H” point machine (1)
(3-D H machine)
1.BACK AND SEAT PANS
Thebackandseatpansareconstructedofreinforcedplasticandmetal;the ysimulatethehumantorsoandthighandaremechanically
hinged at the „H” point. A quadrant is fastened to the probe hinged at the „H” point to measure the actual torso angle. An adjustable
thigh bar, attached to the seat pan, establishes the thigh centreline and s erves as a baseline for the hip angle quadrant.
2.BODY AND LEG ELEMENTS
LowerlegsegmentsareconnectedtotheseatpanassemblyattheT-barjoini ngtheknees,whichisalateralextensionoftheadjustable
thigh bar. Quadrants are incorporated in the lower leg segments to measure knee angles. Shoe and foot assemblies are calibrated to
measure the foot angle. Two spirit levels orient the device in space. Body e lement weights are placed at the corresponding centres of
gravitytoprovideseatpenetrationequivalenttoa76kgmale.Alljointso fthe3-DHmachineshouldbecheckedforfreemovement
without encountering noticeable friction.
(1) For details of the construction of the 3-D H machine refer to Society of Aut omobile Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale,
Pennsylvania 15096, United States of America. The machine corresponds to that described in ISO standard 6549-1980.
84 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 11/vol. 42
11/vol. 42 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 85
Appendix 2
Three-dimensional reference system
1. The three-dimensional reference system is defined by three orthogonal planes established by the vehicle manufacturer
(see Figure) (1).
2. The vehicle measuring attitude is established by positioning the vehic le on the supporting surface such that the coordinates of the
fiducial marks correspond to the values indicated by the manufacturer.
3. Thecoordinatesofthe„R”pointandthe„H”pointareestablishedinrela tiontothefiducialmarksdefinedbythevehiclemanufacturer.
(1) The reference system corresponds to ISO standard 4130, 1978.
86 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 11/vol. 42
Appendix 3
Reference data concerning seat positions
1.Coding of reference data
Referencedataarelistedconsecutivelyforeachseatingposition.Seati ngpositionsareidentifiedbyatwo-digitcode.Thefirstdigit
isanArabicnumeralanddesignatestherowofseats,countingfromthefron ttotherearofthevehicle.Theseconddigitisacapital
letter which designates the location of the seating position in a row, as vi ewed in the direction of forward motion of the vehicle;
the following letters shall be used:
L = left
C = centre
R = right
2. Description of vehicle measuring attitude
2.1. Coordinates of fiducial marks
X…
Y…
Z…
3. List of reference data
3.1. Seating position: …3.1.1. Coordinates of „R” point
X…
Y…
Z…
3.1.2. Design torso angle: …
3.1.3. Specifications for seat adjustment (1)
horizontal: …
vertical: …
angular: …torso angle: …
Note: List reference data for further seating positions under 3.2, 3.3, etc.
(1) Strike out what does not apply.11/vol. 42 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 87
ANNEX 7
Test procedure with trolley
1.TEST INSTALLATION AND PROCEDURE
1.1.Trolley
Thetrolleyshallbesoconstructedthatnopermanentdeformationappears afterthetest.Itshallbesoguidedthat,duringtheimpact
phase, the deviation in the vertical plane does not exceed 5° and 2° in the ho rizontal plane.
1.2.State of the structure
1.2.1.General
Thestructuretestedshallberepresentativeoftheseriesproductionoft hevehiclesconcerned.Somecomponentsmaybereplaced
or removed where such replacement or removal clearly has no effect on the te st results.
1.2.2.Adjustments
Adjustments shall conform to those set out in paragraph 1.4.3 of Annex 3 to t his Regulation, taking into account what is stated
in paragraph 1.2.1.
1.3.Attachment of the structure
1.3.1. The structure shall be firmly attached to the trolley in such a way th at no relative displacement occurs during the test.
1.3.2. The method used to fasten the structure to the trolley shall not have the effect of strengthening the seat anchorages or restraint
devices, or of producing any abnormal deformation of the structure.
1.3.3. Theattachmentdevicerecommendedisthatwherebythestructurere stsonsupportsplacedapproximatelyintheaxisofthewheels
or, if possible, whereby the structure is secured to the trolley by the fast enings of the suspension system.
1.3.4. The angle between the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and the direc tion of motion of the trolley shall be 0° ± 2°.
1.4Dummies
The dummies and their positioning shall conform to the specifications in A nnex 3, paragraph 2.
1.5.Measuring apparatus
1.5.1.Deceleration of the structure
The position of the transducers measuring the deceleration of the structu re during the impact shall be parallel to the longitudinal
axis of the trolley according to the specifications of Annex 8 (CFC 180).
1.5.2.Measurements to be made on the dummies
All the measurements necessary for checking the listed criteria are set ou t in Annex 3, paragraph 5.
1.6.Deceleration curve of the structure
Thedecelerationcurveofthestructureduringtheimpactphaseshallbesu chthatthe„variationofspeedinrelationtotime”curve
obtained by integration at no point differs by more tha n ± 1 m/s from the „variation of speed in relation to time” reference curve
of the vehicle concerned as defined in the Appendix to this Annex. A displac ement with regard to the time axis of the reference
curve may be used to obtain the structure velocity inside the corridor.88 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 11/vol. 42
1.7.Reference curv e V = f(t) of the vehicle concerned 
Thisreferencecurveisobtainedbyintegrationofthedecelerationcurve ofthevehicleconcernedmeasuredinthefrontalcollision
test against a barrier as provided for in paragraph 6 of Annex 3 to this Regul ation.
1.8.Equivalent method
Thetestmaybeperformedbysomeothermethodthanthatofdecelerationofa trolley,providedthatsuchmethodcomplieswith
the requirement concerning the range of variation of speed described in pa ragraph 1.6.11/vol. 42 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 89
Appendix
Equivalence curve – tolerance band for curve ΔV = f(t)
90 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 11/vol. 42
ANNEX 8
Technique of measurement in measurement tests: instrumentation
1. DEFINITIONS
1.1. Data channel
A data channel comprises all the instrumentation from a transducer (or mul tiple transducers whose outputs are combined in
somespecifiedway)uptoandincludinganyanalysisproceduresthatmayal terthefrequencycontentortheamplitudecontent
of data.
1.2. Transducer
Thefirstdeviceinadatachannelusedtoconvertaphysicalquantitytobem easuredintoasecondquantity(suchasanelectrical
voltage) which can be processed by the remainder of the channel.
1.3. Channel amplitude class: CAC
The designation for a data channel that meets certain amplitude character istics as specified in this Annex. The CAC number is
numerically equal to the upper limit of the measurement range.
1.4. Characteristic frequencies FH,FL,FN
These frequencies are defined in Figure 1.
1.5. Channels frequency class: CFC
The channel frequency class is designated by a number indicating that the c hannel frequency response lies within the limits
specified in Figure 1. This number and the value of the frequency FHin Hz are numerically equal.
1.6. Sensitivity coefficient
Theslopeofthestraightlinerepresentingthebestfittothecalibration valuesdeterminedbythemethodofleastsquarewithin
the channel amplitude class.
1.7. Calibration factor of a data channel
Themeanvalueofthesensitivitycoefficientsevaluatedoverfrequencie swhichareevenlyspacedonalogarithmicscalebetween
FLand FH/2.5
1.8. Linearity error
Theratio,in%,ofthemaximumdifferencebetweenthecalibrationvaluean dthecorrespondingvaluereadonthestraightline
defined in paragraph 1.6 at the upper limit of the channel amplitude class.
1.9. Cross sensitivity
The ratio of the output signal to the input signal, when an excitation is app lied to the transducer perpendicular to the
measurement axis. It is expressed as a percentage of the sensitivity along the measurement axis.11/vol. 42 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 91
1.10. Phase delay time
The phase delay time of a data channel is equal to the phase delay (in radians ) of a sinusoidal signal, divided by the angular
frequency of that signal (in radians/second).
1.11. Environment
The aggregate, at a given moment, of all external conditions and influence s to which the data channel is subjected.
2. PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
2.1. Linearity error
The absolute value of the linearity error of a data channel at any frequency in the CFC, shall be equal to or less than 2.5 % of
the value of the CAC, over the whole measurement range.
2.2. Amplitude against frequency
The frequency response of a data channel shall lie within the limiting curv es given in Figure 1. The zero dB line is determined
by the calibration factor.
2.3. Phase delay time
Thephasedelaytimebetweentheinputandtheoutputsignalsofadatachann elshallbedeterminedandshallnotvarybymore
than 1/10 FHseconds between 0,03 FHand FH.
2.4. Time
2.4.1. Time base
A time base shall be recorded and shall at least give 1/100 s with an accuracy o f1% .
2.4.2. Relative time delay
The relative time delay between the signal of two or more data channels, reg ardless of their frequency class, must not exceed
1 ms excluding delay caused by phase shift.
Two or more data channels of which the signals are combined shall have the sa me frequency class and shall not have relative
time delay greater than 1/10 FHseconds.
This requirement applies to analogue signals as well as to synchronisatio n pulses and digital signals.
2.5. Transducer cross sensitivity
The transducer cross sensitivity shall be less tha n5%i na n y direction.
2.6. Calibration
2.6.1. General
Adatachannelshallbecalibratedatleastonceayearagainstreferenceeq uipmenttraceabletoknownstandards.Themethods
used to carry out a comparison with reference equipment shall not introduc e an error greater tha n1%o ft h e CAC. The use
ofthereferenceequipmentislimitedtothefrequencyrangeforwhichthey havebeencalibrated.Subsystemsofadatachannel
maybeevaluatedindividuallyandtheresultsfactoredintotheaccuracyo fthetotaldatachannel.Thiscanbedoneforexample
by an electrical signal of known amplitude simulating the output signal of the transducer which allows a check to be made on
the gain factor of the data channel, excluding the transducer.92 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 11/vol. 42
2.6.2. Accuracy of reference equipment for calibration
The accuracy of the reference equipment shall be certified or endorsed by a n official metrology service.
2.6.2.1. Static calibration
2.6.2.1.1. Accelerations
The errors shall be less than ± 1,5 % of the channel amplitude class.
2.6.2.1.2. Forces
The error shall be less tha n±1%o ft h e channel amplitude class.
2.6.2.1.3. Displacements
The error shall be less tha n±1%o ft h e channel amplitude class.
2.6.2.2. Dynamic calibration
2.6.2.2.1. Accelerations
Theerrorinthereferenceaccelerationsexpressedasapercentageofthec hannelamplitudeclassshallbelessthan±1,5%below
400 Hz, less tha n±2%between 400 Hz and 900 Hz, and less than ± 2,5 % above 900 Hz.
2.6.2.3. Time
The relative error in the reference time shall be less than 10–5.
2.6.3. Sensitivity coefficient and linearity error
Thesensitivitycoefficientandthelinearityerrorshallbedeterminedb ymeasuringtheoutputsignalofthedatachannelagainst
a known input signal for various values of this signal. The calibration of t he data channel shall cover the whole range of the
amplitude class.
For bi-directional channels, both the positive and negative values shall be used.
If the calibration equipment cannot produce the required input owing to th e excessively high values of the quantity to be
measured, calibrations shall be carried out within the limits of the calib ration standards and these limits shall be recorded in
the test report.A total data channel shall be calibrated at a frequency or at a spectrum of fr equencies having a significant value between F
L
and (FH/2,5).
2.6.4. Calibration of the frequency response
Theresponsecurvesofphaseandamplitudeagainstfrequencyshallbedete rminedbymeasuringtheoutputsignalsofthedata
channel in terms of phase and amplitude against a known input signal, for va rious values of this signal varying between FL
and 10 times the CFC or 3 000 Hz, whichever is lower.
2.7. Environmental effects
A regular check shall be made to identify any environmental influence (suc h as electric or magnetic flux, cable velocity, etc.).
Thiscanbedoneforinstancebyrecordingtheoutputofsparechannelsequi ppedwithdummytransducers.Ifsignificantoutput
signals are obtained corrective action shall be taken, for instance by rep lacement of cables.11/vol. 42 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 93
2.8. Choice and designation of the data channel
The CAC and CFC define a data channel.
The CAC shall be 1, 2 or 5 to a power of 10.
3. MOUNTING OF TRANSDUCERS
Transducersshouldberigidlysecuredsothattheirrecordingsareaffect edbyvibrationaslittleaspossible.Anymountinghaving
alowestresonancefrequencyequaltoatleast5timesthefrequencyFHofth edatachannelconsideredshallbeconsideredvalid.
Acceleration transducers in particular should be mounted in such a way tha t the initial angle of the real measurement axis to
thecorrespondingaxisofthereferenceaxissystemisnotgreaterthan5°u nlessananalyticalorexperimentalassessmentofthe
effect of the mounting on the collected data is made. When multi-axial acce lerations at a point are to be measured, each
accelerationtransduceraxisshouldpasswithin10mmofthatpoint,andth ecentreofseismicmassofeachaccelerometershould
be within 30 mm of that point.
4. RECORDING
4.1. Analogue magnetic recorder
Tapespeedshouldbestabletowithinnotmorethan0,5%ofthetapespeeduse d.Thesignal-to-noiseratiooftherecordershould
notbelessthan42dBatthemaximumtapespeed.Thetotalharmonicdistorti onshouldbelesstha n3%andthelinearityerror
should be less tha n1%o ft h e measurement range.
4.2. Digital magnetic recorder
Tape speed should be stable to within not more than 10 % of the tape speed used .
4.3. Paper tape recorder
Incaseofdirectdatarecordingthepaperspeedinmm/sshouldbeatleast1, 5timesthenumberexpressingFHinHz.Inother
cases the paper speed should be such that equivalent resolution is obtaine d.
5. DATA PROCESSING
5.1. Filtering
Filtering corresponding to the frequencies of the data channel class may b e carried out during either recording or processing
ofdata.However,beforerecording,analogicalfilteringatahigherleve lthanCFCshouldbeeffectedinordertouseatleast50%
ofthedynamicrangeoftherecorderandtoreducetheriskofhighfrequenci essaturatingtherecorderorcausingaliasingerrors
in the digitalising process.
5.2. Digitalising
5.2.1. Sampling frequency
The sampling frequency should be equal to at least 8 FH. In the case of analogical recording, when the recording and reading
speeds are different, the sampling frequency can be divided by the speed ra tio.
5.2.2. Amplitude resolution
The size of digital words should be at least 7 bits and a parity bit.94 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 11/vol. 42
6. PRESENTATION OF RESULTS
The results should be presented on A4 size paper (ISO/R 216). Results prese nted as diagrams should have axes scaled with
a measurement unit corresponding to a suitable multiple of the chosen unit (for example, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 millimetres). SI units
shall be used, except for vehicle velocity, where km/h may be used, and for a ccelerations due to impact where g,
with g = 9,81 m/s2, may be used.
11/vol. 42 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 95
ANNEX 9
Definition of deformable barrier
1.COMPONENT AND MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS
The dimensions of the barrier are illustrated in Figure 1 of this Annex. The dimensions of the individual components of the barrier
are listed separately below.
1.1.Main honeycomb block
Dimensions:
height: 650 mm (in direction of honeycomb ribbon axis),
width: 1 000 mm,
depth: 450 mm (in direction of honeycomb cell axes),
all above dimensions should allow a tolerance of ± 2,5 mm,
material: Aluminium 3003 (ISO 209, Part 1),foil thickness: 0,076 mm ± 15 %,cell size: 19,1 mm ± 20 %,density: 28,6 kg/m3 ± 20 %,crush strength: 0,342 MPa +0 % -10 %
(1).
1.2.Bumper element
Dimensions:
height: 330 mm (in direction of honeycomb ribbon axis),
width: 1 000 mm,depth: 90 mm (in direction of honeycomb cell axes),
all above dimensions should allow a tolerance of ± 2,5 mm,
material: Aluminium 3003 (ISO 209, Part 1),foil thickness: 0,076 mm ± 15 %,cell size: 6,4 mm ± 20 %,density: 82,6 kg/m3 ± 20 %,crush strength: 1,711 MPa +0 % -10 %
(1).
1.3.Backing sheet
Dimensions:
height: 800 mm ± 2,5 mm,
width: 1 000 mm ± 2,5 mm,
depth: 2,0 mm ± 0,1 mm.
(1) In accordance with the certification procedure described in paragraph 2 of this Annex.96 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 11/vol. 42
1.4.Cladding sheet
Dimensions:
length: 1 700 mm ± 2,5 mm,
width: 1 000 mm ± 2,5 mm,
thickness: 0,81 ± 0,07 mm,material: Aluminium 5251/5052 (ISO 209, Part 1).
1.5.
Bumper facing sheet
Dimensions:
height: 330 mm ± 2,5 mm,
width: 1 000 mm ± 2,5 mm,thickness: 0,81 ± 0,07 mm,material: Aluminium 5251/5052 (ISO 209, Part 1).
Adhesive:theadhesivetobeusedthroughoutshouldbeatwo-partpolyuret hane(suchasCiba-GeigyXB5090/1resinwithXB5304
hardener, or equivalent).
2.ALUMINIUM HONEYCOMB CERTIFICATION
A complete testing procedure for certification of aluminium honeycomb is given in NHTSA TP-214D. The following is a summary
of the procedure that should be applied to materials for the frontal impact barrier, these materials having a crush strength of
0,342 MPa and 1,711 MPa respectively.
2.1.Sample locations
To ensure uniformity of crush strength across the whole of the barrier face , eight samples shall be taken from four locations evenly
spaced across the honeycomb block. For a block to pass certification, seve n of these eight samples shall meet the crush strength
requirements of the following sections.
The location of the samples depends on the size of the honeycomb block. Firs t, four samples, each measuring 300 mm × 300 mm
× 50 mm thick shall be cut from the block of barrier face material. Please ref er to Figure 2 for an illustration of how to locate these
sections within the honeycomb block. Each of these larger samples shall be cut into samples for certification testing (150 mm ×
150mm×50mm).Certificationshallbebasedonthetestingoftwosamplesfr omeachofthesefourlocations.Theothertwoshould
be made available to the applicant, upon request.
2.2.Sample size
Samples of the following size shall be used for testing:
length: 150 m m±6m m ,
width: 150 m m±6m m ,
thickness: 50 m m±2m m .
The walls of incomplete cells around the edge of the sample shall be trimmed as follows:
— in the „W” direction, the fringes shall be no greater than 1,8 mm (see Figur e 3);
— In the „L” direction, half the length of one bonded cell wall (in the ribbon direction) shall be left at either end of the specimen
(see Figure 3).11/vol. 42 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 97
2.3.Area measurement
The length of the sample shall be measured in three locations, 12,7 mm from e ach end and in the middle, and recorded as L1, L2
andL3(Figure3).Inthesamemanner,thewidthshallbemeasuredandrecord edasW1,W2andW3(Figure3).Thesemeasurements
shall be taken on the centreline of the thickness. The crush area shall then be calculated as:
2.4.Crush rate and distance
The sample shall be crushed at a rate of not less than 5,1 mm/min and not more t han 7,6 mm/min. The minimum crush distance
shall be 16,5 mm.
2.5.Data collection
Forceversusdeflectiondataaretobecollectedineitheranalogueordigi talformforeachsampletested.Ifanaloguedataarecollected
thenameansofconvertingthistodigitalshallbeavailable.Alldigitald atashallbecollectedatarateofnotlessthan5Hz(5points
per second).
2.6.Crush strength determination
Ignorealldatapriorto6,4mmofcrushandafter16,5mmofcrush.Dividethe remainingdataintothreesectionsordisplacement
intervals (n = 1, 2, 3) (see Figure 4) as follows:
(1) 06,4 mm – 09,7 mm inclusive,(2) 09,7 mm – 13,2 mm exclusive,(3) 13,2 mm – 16,5 mm inclusive.
Find the average for each section as follows:
where m represents the number of data points measured in each of the three in tervals. Calculate the crush strength of each section
as follows:
2.7.Sample crush strength specification
For a honeycomb sample to pass this certification, the following conditio ns shall be met:
0,308 MPa ≤ S(n) ≤ 0,342 MPa for 0,342 MPa material,
1,540 MPa ≤ S(n) ≤ 1,711 MPa for 1,711 MPa material,
n=1 ,2 ,3 .
98 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 11/vol. 42
2.8.Block crush strength specification
Eightsamplesaretobetestedfromfourlocations,evenlyspacedacrossth eblock.Forablocktopasscertification,sevenoftheeight
samples shall meet the crush strength specification of the previous secti on.
3.ADHESIVE BONDING PROCEDURE
3.1. Immediately before bonding, aluminium sheet surfaces to be bonded sh all be thoroughly cleaned using a suitable solvent, such as
1-1-1Trichloroethane.Thisistobecarriedoutatleasttwiceorasrequir edtoeliminategreaseordirtdeposits.Thecleanedsurfaces
shall then be abraded using 120 grit abrasive paper. Metallic/silicon car bide abrasive paper is not to be used. The surfaces shall be
thoroughly abraded and the abrasive paper changed regularly during the pr ocess to avoid clogging, which may lead to a polishing
effect. Following abrading, the surfaces shall be thoroughly cleaned aga in, as above. In total, the surfaces shall be solvent cleaned at
leastfourtimes.Alldustanddepositsleftasaresultoftheabradingproc essshallberemoved,asthesewilladverselyaffectbonding.
3.2. The adhesive should be applied to one surface only, using a ribbed rubb er roller. In cases where honeycomb is to be bonded to
aluminium sheet, the adhesive should be applied to the aluminium sheet onl y.
A maximum of 0,5 kg/m2shall be applied evenly over the surface, giving a maximum film thickness o f 0,5 mm.
4.CONSTRUCTION
4.1. Themainhoneycombblockshallbebondedtothebackingsheetwithadhe sivesuchthatthecellaxesareperpendiculartothesheet.
The cladding shall be bonded to the front surface of the honeycomb block. Th e top and bottom surfaces of the cladding sheet shall
not be bonded to the main honeycomb block but should be positioned closely t o it. The cladding sheet shall be adhesively bonded
to the backing sheet at the mounting flanges.
4.2. The bumper element shall be adhesively bonded to the front of the cladd ing sheet such that the cell axes are perpendicular to the
sheet.Thebottomofthebumperelementshallbeflushwiththebottomsurfa ceofthecladdingsheet.Thebumperfacingsheetshall
be adhesively bonded to the front of the bumper element.
4.3. Thebumperelementshallthenbedividedintothreeequalsectionsbym eansoftwohorizontalslots.Theseslotsshallbecutthrough
the entire depth of the bumper section and extend the whole width of the bump er. The slots shall be cut using a saw; their width
shall be the width of the blade used and shall not exceed 4,0 mm.
4.4. Clearanceholesformountingthebarrieraretobedrilledinthemount ingflanges(showninFigure5).Theholesshallbeof9,5mm
diameter. Five holes shall be drilled in the top flange at a distance of 40 mm from the top edge of the flange and five in the bottom
flange, 40 mm from the bottom edge of that flange. The holes shall be at 100 mm , 300 mm, 500 mm, 700 mm, 900 mm from
eitheredgeofthebarrier.Allholesshallbedrilledt o±1mmofthe nominaldistances.Theseholelocationsarearecommendation
only. Alternative positions may be used which offer at least the mounting s trength and security provided by the above mounting
specifications.
5.MOUNTING
5.1. Thedeformablebarriershallberigidlyfixedtotheedgeofamassofno tlessthan7×104kgortosomestructureattachedthereto.
The attachment of the barrier face shall be such that the vehicle shall not c ontact any part of the structure more than 75 mm from
the top surface of the barrier (excluding the upper flange) during any stag e of the impact (1).
The front face of the surface to which the deformable barrier is attached sh all be flat and continuous over the height and width of
thefaceandshallbevertical±1°andperpendicular±1°totheaxisoftheru n-uptrack.Theattachmentsurfaceshallnotbedisplaced
by more than 10 mm during the test. If necessary, additional anchorage or ar resting devices shall be used to prevent displacement
of the concrete block. The edge of the deformable barrier shall be aligned w ith the edge of the concrete block appropriate for the
side of the vehicle to be tested.
(1) A mass, the end of which is between 125 mm and 925 mm high and at least 1 000 mm d eep, is considered to satisfy this requirement.11/vol. 42 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 99
5.2. The deformable barrier shall be fixed to the concrete block by means of 10 bolts, five in the top mounting flange and five in the
bottom. These bolts shall be of at least 8 mm diameter. Steel clamping strip s shall be used for both the top and bottom mounting
flanges(seeFigures1and5).Thesestripsshallbe60mmhighand1 000mmwid eandhaveathicknessofatleast3mm.Theedges
of the clamping strips should be rounded-off to prevent tearing of the barr ier against the strip during impact. The edge of the strip
should be located no more than 5 mm above the base of the upper barrier mounti ng flange, or 5 mm below the top of the lower
barrier-mounting flange. Five clearance holes of 9,5 mm diameter must be d rilled in both strips to correspond with those in the
mounting flange on the barrier (see paragraph 4). The mounting strip and ba rrier flange holes may be widened from 9,5 mm up to
a maximum of 25 mm in order to accommodate differences in back-plate arrang ements and/or load cell wall hole configurations.
None of the fixtures shall fail in the impact test. In the case where the defo rmable barrier is mounted on a load cell wall (LCW) it
should be noted that the above dimensional requirements for mountings are intended as a minimum. Where a LCW is present, the
mountingstripsmaybeextendedtoaccommodatehighermountingholesfort hebolts.Ifthestripsarerequiredtobeextended,then
thickergaugesteelshouldbeusedaccordingly,suchthatthebarrierdoes notpullawayfromthewall,bendortearduringtheimpact.
If an alternative method of mounting the barrier is used, it should be at lea st as secure as that specified in the above paragraphs.
(Replace the value of „50 psi” by „0,342 MPa”, and the value of „250 psi” by „1 ,711 MPa”)Figure 1
Deformable barrier for frontal impact testing
100 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 11/vol. 42
Figure 2
Locations of samples for certification
11/vol. 42 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 101
Figure 3
Honeycomb axes and measured dimensions
Figure 4
Crush force and displacement
102 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 11/vol. 42
Figure 5
Positions of holes for barrier mounting
11/vol. 42 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 103
ANNEX 10
Certification of procedure for the dummy lower leg and foot
1.UPPER FOOT IMPACT TEST
1.1. TheobjectiveofthistestistomeasuretheresponseoftheHybridIIIf ootandankletowell-defined,hardfacedpendulumimpacts.
1.2. The complete Hybrid III lower leg assembly, left (86-5001-001) and ri ght (86-5001-002), equipped with the foot and ankle
assembly, left (78051-614) and right (78051-615), shall be used, includi ng the knee assembly.
The load cell simulator (78051-319 Rev. A) shall be used to secure the knee a ssembly (78051-16 Rev B) to the test fixture.
1.3.Test procedure
1.3.1. Eachlegassemblyshallbemaintained(soaked)forfourhoursprior tothetestatatemperatureof22° C±3°Canda relativehumidity
of 40 ± 30 %. The soak period shall not include the time required to reach stea dy state conditions.
1.3.2. Clean the impact surface of the skin and also the impactor face with i sopropyl alcohol or equivalent prior to the test. Dust with
talc.
1.3.3. Align the impactor accelerometer with its sensitive axis parallel to the direction of impact at contact with the foot.
1.3.4. MountthelegassemblytothefixtureshowninFigure1.Thetestfixt ureshallberigidlysecuredtopreventmovementduringimpact.
Thecentrelineofthefemurloadcellsimulator(78051-319)shallbeverti calwithatoleranceof±0,5°.Adjustthemountsuchthat
the line joining the knee clevis joint and the ankle attachment bolt is hori zontal with a tolerance of ± 3°, with the heel resting on
two sheets of a flat low friction (PTFE sheet) surface. Ensure that the tibi a flesh is located fully towards the knee end of the tibia.
Adjust the ankle such that the plane of the underside of the foot is vertical and perpendicular to the direction of impact with a
tolerance of ± 3° and such that the mid-sagittal plane of the foot is aligned with the pendulum arm. Adjust the knee joint
to1,5±0,5grangebeforeeachtest.Adjusttheanklejointsothatitisfree andthentightenjustsufficientlytokeepthefootstable
on the PTFE sheet.
1.3.5. The rigid impactor comprises a horizontal cylinder diameter 5 0±2m ma n da pendulum support arm diameter 1 9±1m m
(Figure4).Thecylinderhasamassof1,25±0,02kgincludinginstrumentat ionandanypartofthesupportarmwithinthecylinder.
Thependulumarmhasamassof285±5g.Themassofanyrotatingpartoftheaxl etowhichthesupportarmisattachedshould
not be greater than 100 g. The length between the central horizontal axis of the impactor cylinder and the axis of rotation of the
whole pendulum shall be 1 25 0 ± 1 mm. The impact cylinder is mounted with its longitudinal axis horizont al and perpendicular
to the direction of impact. The pendulum shall impact the underside of the f oot, at a distance of 18 5±2m m from the base of
theheelrestingontherigidhorizontalplatform,sothatthelongitudina lcentrelineofthependulumarmfallswithin1°ofavertical
line at impact. The impactor shall be guided to exclude significant latera l, vertical or rotational movement.
1.3.6. Allow a period of at least 30 minutes between successive tests on the same leg.
1.3.7. The data acquisition system, including transducers, shall confor m to the specifications for CFC 600, as described in Annex 8.
1.4.Performance specification
1.4.1. When each ball of the foot is impacted at 6,7 (± 0,1) m/s in accordance with paragraph 1.3, the maximum lower tibia bending
momentum about the y-axis (My) shall be 120 ± 25 Nm.
2.LOWER FOOT IMPACT TEST WITHOUT SHOE
2.1. The objective of this test is to measure the response of the Hybrid III f oot skin and insert to well-defined, hard faced pendulum
impacts.
2.2. The complete Hybrid III lower leg assembly, left (86-5001-001) and ri ght (86-5001-002), equipped with the foot and ankle
assembly, left (78051-614) and right (78051-615), shall be used, includi ng the knee assembly.
The load cell simulator (78051-319 Rev. A) shall be used to secure the knee a ssembly (78051-16 Rev. B) to the test fixture.104 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 11/vol. 42
2.3.Test procedure
2.3.1. Eachlegassemblyshallbemaintained(soaked)forfourhoursprior tothetestatatemperatureof2 2±3°Canda relativehumidity
of 40 ± 30 %. The soak period shall not include the time required to reach stea dy state conditions.
2.3.2. Clean the impact surface of the skin and also the impactor face with i sopropyl alcohol or equivalent prior to the test. Dust with
talc. Check that there is no visible damage to the energy absorbing insert t o the heel.
2.3.3. Align the impactor accelerometer with its sensitive axis parallel to the impactor longitudinal centre-line.
2.3.4. MountthelegassemblytothefixtureshowninFigure2.Thetestfixt ureshallberigidlysecuredtopreventmovementduringimpact.
The centre line of the femur load cell simulator (78051-319) shall be verti cal with a tolerance of ± 0,5°. Adjust the mount such
that the line joining the knee clevis joint and the ankle attachment bolt is horizontal with a tolerance of ± 3° with the heel resting
ontwosheetsofaflatlowfriction(PTFEsheet)surface.Ensurethattheti biafleshislocatedfullytowardsthekneeendofthetibia.
Adjust the ankle such that the plane of the underside of the foot is vertical and perpendicular to the direction of the impact with
a tolerance of ± 3° and such that the mid sagittal plane of the foot is aligned with the pendulum arm. Adjust the knee joint
to1,5±0,5grangebeforeeachtest.Adjusttheanklejointsothatitisfree andthentightenjustsufficientlytokeepthefootstable
on the PTFE sheet.
2.3.5. The rigid impactor comprises a horizontal cylinder diameter 5 0±2m ma n da pendulum support arm diameter 1 9±1m m
(Figure4).Thecylinderhasamassof1,25±0,02kgincludinginstrumentat ionandanypartofthesupportarmwithinthecylinder.
Thependulumarmhasamassof28 5±5g.The massofanyrotatingpartoftheaxletowhichthesupportarmisattachedsho uld
not be greater than 100 g. The length between the central horizontal axis of the impactor cylinder and the axis of rotation of the
whole pendulum shall be 1 25 0 ± 1 mm. The impact cylinder is mounted with its longitudinal axis horizont al and perpendicular
to the direction of impact. The pendulum shall impact the underside of the f oot, at a distance of 6 2±2m m from the base of the
heel resting on the rigid horizontal platform, so that the longitudinal ce ntre-line of the pendulum arm falls within 1° of a vertical
line at impact. The impactor shall be guided to exclude significant latera l, vertical or rotational movement.
2.3.6. Allow a period of at least 30 minutes between successive tests on the same leg.
2.3.7. The data acquisition system, including transducers, shall confor m to the specifications for CFC 600, as described in Annex 8.
2.4.Performance specification
2.4.1. When each heel of the foot is impacted at 4,4 ± 0,1 m/s in accordance wi th paragraph 2.3, the maximum impactor acceleration
shall be 295 ± 50 g.
3.LOWER FOOT IMPACT TEST (WITH SHOE)
3.1. TheobjectiveofthistestistocontroltheresponseoftheShoeandHyb ridIIIheelfleshandanklejointtowell-defined,hard-faced
pendulum impacts.
3.2. The complete Hybrid III lower leg assembly, left (86-5001-001) and ri ght (86-5001-002), equipped with the foot and ankle
assembly, left (78051-614) and right (78051-615), shall be used, includi ng the knee assembly. The load cell simulator
(78051-319 Rev A) shall be used to secure the knee assembly (78051-16 Rev B) to the test fixture. The foot shall be fitted with
the shoe specified in Annex 5, paragraph 2.9.2.
3.3.Test procedure
3.3.1. Eachlegassemblyshallbemaintained(soaked)forfourhoursprior tothetestatatemperatureof2 2±3°Canda relativehumidity
of 40 ± 30 %. The soak period shall not include the time required to reach stea dy state conditions.
3.3.2. Cleantheimpactsurfaceoftheundersideoftheshoewithacleanclo thandtheimpactorfacewithisopropylalcoholorequivalent
prior to the test. Check that there is no visible damage to the energy absorb ing insert to the heel.
3.3.3. Align the impactor accelerometer with its sensitive axis parallel to the impactor longitudinal centre-line.11/vol. 42 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 105
3.3.4. MountthelegassemblytothefixtureshowninFigure3.Thetestfixt ureshallberigidlysecuredtopreventmovementduringimpact.
The centre-line of the femur load cell simulator (78051-319) shall be vert ical with a tolerance of ± 0,5°. Adjust the mount such
that the line joining the knee clevis joint and the ankle attachment bolt is horizontal with a tolerance of ± 3°, with the heel of the
shoe resting on two sheets of a flat low friction (PTFE sheet) surface. Ensu re that the tibia flesh is located fully towards the knee
end of the tibia. Adjust the ankle such that a plane in contact with the heel a nd sole of the underside of the shoe is vertical and
perpendiculartothedirectionofimpactwithatoleranceof3°andsuchtha tthemid-sagittalplaneofthefoot,andshoeisaligned
withthependulumarm.Adjustthekneejointto1,5±0,5grangebeforeeacht est.Adjusttheanklejointsothatitisfreeandthen
tighten just sufficiently to keep the foot stable on the PTFE sheet.
3.3.5. The rigid impactor comprises a horizontal cylinder diameter 5 0±2m ma n da pendulum support arm diameter 1 9±1m m
(Figure4).Thecylinderhasamassof1,25±0,02kgincludinginstrumentat ionandanypartofthesupportarmwithinthecylinder.
Thependulumarmhasamassof285±5g.Themassofanyrotatingpartoftheaxl etowhichthesupportarmisattachedshould
not be greater than 100 g. The length between the central horizontal axis of the impactor cylinder and the axis of rotation of the
whole pendulum shall be 1 25 0 ± 1 mm. The impact cylinder is mounted with its longitudinal axis horizont al and perpendicular
tothedirectionofimpact.Thependulumshallimpacttheheeloftheshoein ahorizontalplanewhichisadistanceof6 2±2mm
above the base of the dummy heel when the shoe is resting on the rigid horizon tal platform, so that the longitudinal centre-line
ofthependulumarmfallswithinonedegreeofaverticallineatimpact.The impactorshallbeguidedtoexcludesignificantlateral,
vertical or rotational movement.
3.3.6. Allow a period of at least 30 minutes between successive tests on the same leg.
3.3.7. The data acquisition system, including transducers, shall confor m to the specifications for CFC 600, as described in Annex 8.
3.4.Performance specification
3.4.1. When the heel of the shoe is impacted at 6,7 ± 0,1 m/s in accordance wit h paragraph 3.3, the maximum tibia compressive force
(Fz) shall be 3,3 ± 0,5 kN.
Figure 1
Upper foot impact test
Test set-up specifications
106 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 11/vol. 42
Figure 2
Lower foot impact test (without shoe)
Test set-up specifications
Figure 3
Lower foot impact test (with shoe)
Test set-up specifications
11/vol. 42 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 107
Figure 4
Pendulum impactor
108 RO Jurnalul Oficial al Uniunii Europene 11/vol. 42