1 ~~;*ij EUROOPAN YHTEISÖJEN KOMISSIO 
L::** 
Bryssel, 23.05.1995 
KOM(95) 216 lopul1. 
KOMISSION TIEDONAN1_Q 
kansanvallan periaatteiden ja ihmisoikeuksien sisäl.lytlämisestä yhteisön ja 
kolmamien maiden sopim~iin 
YHIEENVEIO 
Muistio kammwallan periaatteiden ja ihmisoikeuksien sisällyt1ämisestä yhteisön ja 
kolmamien maiden sopimuksiin 
Tämä asiakirja koskee niitä perusperiaatteita ja viitekehyksiä, joihin yhteisön kanta 
ihmisoikeuksista perustuu, siinä korostetaan vuodesta 1992 tapahtunutta huomattavaa 
edistystä, kun yhteisön ja kolmansien maiden sopimuksiin on järjestelmällisesti sisällytetty 
lauseke, jossa ihmisoikeudet määritellään avaintekijäksi osapuolten sopimukseen 
perustuvissa suhteissa, ja siinä arvioidaan kahden viime vuoden käytäntöä. 
D kohdan päätelmissä määrätään sopimusjäljestelystä, jonka tarkoitus on parantaa 
yhteisön lähestymistavan johdonmukaisuutta, avoimuutta ja näkyvyyttä ottaen huomioon 
kolmansien maiden herkkyyden ja syrjimättömyysperiaatteen. Kyseisissä päätelmissä 
määrätään, että tulevaisuudessa kaikki yhteisön ja kolmansien maiden sopimuksia 
koskevat neuvotteluohjeluonnokset sisältävät seuraavat kohdat: 
johdanto-os~sa: 
asianmukaiset viittaukset ihmisoikeuksien yleiseen kwmioittamiseen sekä 
maailmanlaajuisiin ja /tai alueellisiin järjestelyihin; 
varsinaisessa sopimustekstissä: 
x artikla, jossa kansanvallan periaatteet ja perusihmisoikeudet määritellään 
sopimuksen olennaiseksi osaksi, jonka seurauksena niistä tehdään 
molemminpuolisen edun ja keskustehm kohde, ja osapuolille annetaan 
mahdollisuus ·pitää ihmisoikeuksien loukkauksia sopimuksen määräyksien 
rikkomisena Wienin yleissopimuksen mukaisesti; 
y artikla täyttämättä jättämisestä, joka poikkeaa Wienin yleissopimuksen 65 
artiklassa määrätystä menettelystä antamalla osapuolille mahdollisuuden ryhtyä 
välittömästi tehoaviin toimiin erityisen kiireellisissä tapauksissa; 
sopimuksen liitteissä: 
kaksi sellaista julistusta y artiklan tulkinnasta, joissa määritellään ilmaisut 
"erityisen kiireelliset tapaukset" ja "asianmukaiset toimenpiteet". 
/-3 
IN1ROOUCD~ 
A commitment to rcspect, promote and protect human rights and democratic principles 
is a key element of the EW"Opean Community's relations with third colUltries. 
These issues have been gradually incorporated into the Community's activities over a 
period of time through a series of commitments culminating in the insertion of explicit 
references to human rights and democratic principles in the body of the Union Treaty. 
To help it meet those commitments the Community has a broad range of instruments at 
its disposal, including Union intervention in intemational fonuns and specific operations 
aimed at bolstering the rule of law and respect for human rights in the context of the 
Community's relations with non-member countries. Taking account of human rights in 
contractual relations with third countries is one of those ins1ruments. 
1t is on this latter ins1rument that the communication focuses. 
5 
ll EVOUJnON 
lnc Commtrrtity's growing commitment to the promotion ofhwnan righl~ and dcmocratic 
principles is rcflected in the evolving nature of the references to these issues in thc 
relevant agreements. 
Initially they wcrc mentioned eithcr not at all or only in passingin thc prcamble of somc 
agreetncnt~. lhc Jirst rcfl,...-ence in thc body of a contractual documcnt was in Articlc 5 
ofthc tourth Lomc Convention, concludcd in December 1989. In this way thc European 
ComrnWlity and its Member States tangibly demonstrated their commitment to human 
rights in their relations with third coWltries. In the ensuing three years, this stance was 
confmned as such references gradually began to appear in cooperation agreements, 
defining respect for democratic principles and hwnan rights as one of the foWldations of 
the parties' relations. 
However, Article 5 of Lome IV and similar articles in other agreements do not provide 
a clear legal basis to suspend or denoWlce agreements in cases of serious hwnan rights 
violations or intermptions of democratic process. 
It is for this reason that a clause defming democratic principles and human rights as an 
"essential element" of the agrcements with Brazil, the Andean Pact COWltries, the Baltic 
States and Albania was introduced in 1992 ( see Annex 1-1 ). 
This is a substantial innovation, in that: 
it makes human right.s the subject of common interest, part of the dialogue 
between the parties and an instrument for the implementation of positive 
measures, on a par with the other key provisions; 
it enables the parties, where necessary, to take restrictive measures in proportion 
to the gravity of the offence ( see Annex 2). In the spirit of a positive approach, 
it is important that such measures should not only he based on objective and fair 
criteria, but they should also he adapted to the variety of situations that can arise, 
the aim being to keep a dialogue going; 
In the selection and implementation of these measures it is crucial that the 
population should not he penalized for the behaviour of its govenunent; 
7 
iL allows the pmties to regard serious and pt"Tsistent human rights violations ru1d 
serious interruptions of democ:t"atic f:Tocess as a "tnatedal bre'.lch" of the 
agreetncnt in lim~ with thc VieHi121 ~cnvcnti~)n,2 C0!1stituting grounds fL~r 
suspending lhe ~!f:J.1lica6on of the agrer.:.ment in wholc or in part in Hnc with tlK~ 
procedural conditions laid down in Article 65.3 The main umdition involves 
allowing a period of threc tnonths betv;eer notification and suspens.ion proper, 
except in "cases of spcdal urgency", plus an additional period of grace if an 
amicable solution is being soug..;t. 
In application of a Generdl Affairs Cooocil declaration, since May 1992 all agreements 
ronduded \vith CSCE coWitries include an innovative provision in addition to thc 
"essential element" clause. 
This additional clause (see Annex 1-2) provides for an immediate response, diverging 
lrom the procedure laid down in Article 65 of the Vienna Convention. lt takes one of two 
tonns: 
an explicit suspension clause authorizing the suspension of the application of the 
agreement in \vhole or in part "with immediate effect" in cases of serious breach 
of essential provisions; this, so-called "Baltic clause" was used only in the frrst 
agreements with the Baltic States, Albania and Slovenia; or 
a general non-execution clause known as the "Bulgarian clause" which provides 
for appropriate measures should the parties fail to meet their obligations, 
following a consultation procedure "except in cases of special urgency"; this 
clause was used in the agreements with Romania, Bulgaria, the Russian 
Federation, llkraine, Kyrgyzstan, Moldavia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, 
Kazakhstan and Belarus. 
The difference between the two formulas resides in the degree of sensitivity allowed for. 
The "Baltic clause" is more severe in that it provides only for extreme cases warranting 
inunediate suspension without consultation of any kind. The "Bulgarian clause" not only 
provides for a conciliation procedure and a range of different options but is also designed 
to keep the agreement operational wherever possible. It asserts that immediate suspension 
should be envisaged only in cases of special urgency. 
2 
3 Vienna Convention, Article 60(3): "A material breach of a treaty, for the purposes 
of this Article, consists in: 
( a) a repudiation of the treaty not sanctioned by the present Convention; or 
(b) the violation of a provision essential to the accomplishment of the objective 
or purpose of the tr~ty." 
Vienna Convention, Article 60( 1 ): 11 A materia! breach of a bilateral1reaty by one 
of the parties entitles the other party to invoke the breach· as a ground for 
tenninating the treaty or suspending its operation in whole or in part." 
8 
Jn January 1993, in response to the disparate nature of the references in the relevant 
agreements, the Commission, detennined to adopt a non-discriminatory approach, drafted 
guidelines on these issues (Decision of 26 January 1993, MlN (93)1137, point XIV), 
stipulating that draft negotiating directives for association agreements and economic 
cooperation agreements should incorporate the following: 
(a) in tbe body of tbe agreement: 
a clause specifying that relations between the Community and the COWltry 
concerned and all provisions of the relevant agreement are based on respect for 
the democratic principles and human rights which inspire the domestic and 
extemal policies of the Community and the COWltry concerned and which 
constitute essential elements of the agreement; 
(b) in tbe preamble: 
general references to respect for human rights and democrntic values; 
references to the universal and/or regional instruments common to both parties. 
An explicit suspension clause or a general non-execution clause may be included in 
specific cases. 
The main points of these guidelines featured in a letter from Mr Van den Broek to the 
Council, Parliament and the Member States. 
9 
C ASSESSMENT 
Although the Con1mission guidelines have been respected, the objective of a systematic 
approach has not yet been achieved. 
As regards the prcamble, the practice of using different refercnces depending on the 
rcgionallocation ofthc party concerned, when not supplemented by univcrsal referenccs, 
can appear to contradict thc principle of universality; rcferences to the market economy 
in agreements with OSCE countrics create a different perspective having no direct 
unmection with human rights, a fact that could be prejudicial to the aim of consistency. 
References to human rights and/ or dcmocratic principles as an essential element, although 
systematically included in all recent agreements of a general nature,5 have been positioned 
differently (Article 1, Article 6, etc.) depending on whether or not the agreements in 
question provide for politicaJ dialogue, and also supplemented with other references. 
The "Baltic" clause was last used in October 1992, since when the preferred fonnula has 
been the "Bulgarian" clause, in some cases supplemented by one of two types of 
interpretative declamtion (see Annex l-3): 
4 joint declarations (Annex 1-4.i) in which the parties agree that a "case of special 
urgency" means a material brcach of the agreement, i.e . the breach of an essential 
element of the agreement or repudiation of the agreement not sanctioned by the 
general rules of intemationallaw; 
unilateral declarations by the Community ( e.g. the agreement concluded in July 
1993 with the Czech Republic, Annex l-3.i) that subsequently became bilateral 
declarations (for the first time in the agreement signed with Russia in Jtme 1994, 
Annex l-3.ii); these declarations emphasize the inclmion in the agreement ofthe 
"essential element" clause and the reference to "cases of special urgency" resulting 
from the Council Declaration of 11 May 1992 on the Community's relations with 
its CSCE partners; 
See table in Annex 3 showing different types of references to human rights and 
democratic principles in the Community's agreements with third oomtries. 
In the case of Turkey, a Decision of the Association ColUlcil of 6 March 
implemented the additional protocol to the association agreement of 1963, which 
entered into force in Januacy 1973, and which provides for the creation of a 
custonlS union between the two patties within 22 years. 
10 
in the case of the partnership and cooperation agreement with Russia, a joint 
declaration (Annex 1.4.ii) in which the parties agree that the "appropliate 
measures" referred to in the non-execution clause mean measures taken in ·' 
accordance with intemational law, and that when one party takes measures in 
cases of special urgency, the other may avail itself of the dispute settlement 
procedure. 
The use oftwo different formulas (the "Baltic" and "Bulgarian" clauses) in the same part 
of the world could be interpreted as a discriminatory practice, putting the Commission 
in a difficult position in its negotiations with third countries. There is also a growing 
tendency to regain the margin of flcxibility lost in the clauses themselves through an 
increasingly varied range of interpretative declarations. 
Nevertheless, the innovative use of specific clauses in the main body of the agreements 
concluded with third countries places the European Community in the vanguard of thc 
intemational community's endeavours in this field and highlights the parallel importance 
of adopting a positive approach. 
This impact of this initiative has been positive in a nwnber of ways: 
(a) the additional clause initially intended for the OSCE countries has, at the 
Council's behest, gradually been applied to other geographical areas, e.g. the Lome 
IV review, Morocco and Tunisia, South Korea and Nepal. 
(b) enshrining hwnan rights as an essential element ofthe Community's relations with 
third countries enhances cooperation and improves the visibility of its initiatives, 
many of which are entrusted to specialist organizations, such as the reinforcement 
of the rule of law, the consolidation of the legal system, support for freedom of 
expression, the defence of vulnerable groups and support for the grassroots. 
(c) it has introduced a range ofrestrictive measures (see Annex 2) that is sufficiently 
broad to enable the parties to respond in a manner appropriate to the gravity of 
the case in question; to date, none ofthe agreements with an "essential element" 
clause, with or without an additional clause, has had to be suspended in any way. 
11 
D. C~aJJSIONS 
lhe concem expressed by the Ewupean Parliament6 and the CounciF with regard to the 
issuc of hwnan rights and the Community's contractual relations with third countries and 
the experience acquircd in this area would suggest that lhere is a need for a number of 
initiatives t-o improve the consistency, transparency and visibility of the Community 
approach and to nlake greater allowance for the scnsitivity of third cotmtries and the 
principle of non-discrimination. 
'Ibe following conclusions set out the basic references to hwnan rights and democratic 
principles. They provide for the following mechanism: 
In all ne\v draft negotiating directives for Comrmmity agreements with third parties, the 
following should be included: 
6 
7 
8 (a) in tbe JRBIItie: 
-general references to human rights and democratic values;8 
-references to universal and regional instrutnc.tts common to both parties; 
(b) in tbe body of the agaeemeat 
1. lnsertion of an Article X, defining the essential elements, to be adapted 
according to circumstana!s ( e.g. OSCE membership, market economic 
principles, etc.): 
Most recently in the Resolution of 12 April 1995 on the world human rights 
situation in 1993/94 and the Union's human rights policy (Rapporteur, :Mr 
lmbeni): paragraphs 47, 62-65. 
This question was discussed in two meetings of the Extemal Relations Group 
(13 March and 24 April 1995), and wm; the only item on the agenda of the 
COREPER meeting of 27 April. 
The recitals could also mention the rule of law and good governance and the 
Vienna human rights conference of Jtme 1993. 
12 
"Respect for the democrotic principles and fundamental human rights 
estahlished by [the Universal Declaration of Human Rights}l[the Helsinki Final 
A et und the Charler of Paris for a New Rumpe 1 in.c..pin:s the domestic and 
extenlltl policies l?f the Communi~v and l?f [the country or gnJup l!f countries 
concemed} and constilutes an essential elemeni of this agreement. " 
'The same appiies to the principles of market economy as they are defmed in 
the CSCE Bonn conference document on economic cooperation.9 
2. Insertion of an Article Y on non-execution: 
" lf either Party coftfiders thaJ the other Party has failed to fulfil an obligction 
under this Agreement, it may take appropricte measures. Before so doing, 
except in cases of specid urgency, it shdl supply the A ssociction Council 
with a/1 relevcnt infonnaion required for a thorough examinction of the 
situation with a view to seeking a solution crceptable to the Parties. 
ln the selection of meOSlll'es, priority must he given to those which /east 
disturb the functioning of this A greement. These measures shall he notified 
immediately to the Associaion Council and shall be the subject of 
coftfultations within theAssociation Counci/ ifthe other Party so requests." 
3. lnsertion of interpretative declarations on Article Y: 
"(a) The Pariies cgree, for the pwpose of the cotrect interpretation and 
pra:lical application of this Agreement, that the tenn ''cases of special 
urgency" in A rlicle Y means a case of the material breoch of the Agreement 
by one of the Parlies. A maerial breoch of the Agreement coftfists in: 
(i) repudiation of the Agreement not sanctioned by the general rules of 
intemational law; 
or 
(ii) violation of essential elements of the Agreement, namely its Arlicle X. 
(b) The patties agree that the "appropriate measures" referred to in Arlicle Y 
are measures taken in occordance with intemational law. lf a party takes a 
me~ure in a case of special urgency as providedfor under Arlicle Y, the other 
party ml!}' avail itself of the procedure relating to settlement of disputes. " 
ln thc Commission's opinion the application of this mechanism comes within thc ambit 
of respecl for the principle of proportionality between the breach cited and the degree of 
rcaction. Usc of thc conccpt "special urgency" opcns an option without crcating an 
obligation and it is in this context that it is for the parties to gauge what measures they 
should take. 
This may entail building on the standard provisions on human rights and democratic 
principles to strengthen or clarify the nature of the commitments involved, without 
9 This provision appiies to all OSCE participants, and to other coWltries at the discretion 
of the Cotmcil. 
13 
altering the legal scope of the text. 'The wording given for Articlc X should featua 
arnong thc first articl~ of thc "General principlcs" litle, and it should not be altercd < 
diluted by inclusion in a more general provision. 
This Comnulication will be be addressed to the CO\IlCil arxt to P.-liamem. 
14 1 t 
1 
ANNEXl 
Standard wording for clauses on hwnan rights 
and the relevant interpretative declarations 
1. Essential element clause 
Article X: [General principles or GeneraVPolitical Dialogue] 
''Respect forthe democratic principes and hUitiUI rights established by [the Helsinki 
Final Act and the <llarter of Paris for a New Europe] [as well as the principles of 
rnaJket economy] [as defined at the Bonn CSCE conference] impires the domesöc 
and extemal policies of the Comnnmity and of [tbird coun1Jy] and comti~ an 
essential element of this agreement" 
2. ~Iementazy clause 
Article Y: 
(a) explicit suspension or "Baltic" clause 
''lbe poties reseave the right to smpend this Agreement in whole or in part with 
immediate etTect if a seriom breach of its essential pmvisiom occUJS'' 
(b) general non-execution or "Bulgarian" clause 
'1f either Party comiders that the other Party has failed to fulfil an obligaöon under 
this Agreement, it may take appropriate measures. Before so doing, except in cases 
of special wgency, it shall supply the Association ColUlCil widt all relevant 
infonnaöon required for a thorough examination of the situation with a view to 
seeking a solmion accepmble to the Parties. 
In tbe selection of measures, priority nut be given to those wbich least distmb tbe 
functioning of this Agreement These measures shall· be notified immediately to tbe 
Association Council and shall be tbe subjed of consultations within tbe Association 
Council if tbe otber Party so teqoeSfs. '' 
15 
3. Cieng'al intqpretatiye declamtions 
i. Unilatend declamtion by tbe European Community (agreement witb tbe CZet: 
RepJblic, .ldy 1993) 
"The rcfcr(.,"Tlce to the respect for hwnan rights a'i an essential clemL'11t of th 
Agreement and to the cases of special urgency ha'i been included in th 
Agreemcnt as a result of thc policy tollowcd by the Community in thc area o 
human rights pW"Suant to the Council Declardtion of II May 1992 \IDid 
foresees such reference in the Cooperation or Association Agreements betwt;e, 
the Community and its partners in the Conference on Secwity and Cooperati01 
in Europe." 
ii. ~int declanmon (agreement with dle Russian Fedeniion, hle 1994) 
''The Panies dedare that the inclmion in tbe Agreement of the reference tl 
respect for hwnan rights comötuting an essential element of tbe Agleemen 
and to the aties of special mgency Oows fmm 
* tbe Community's policy in the area of hwnan rights, in confonnity witb tb 
Declamtion of the Coundl of 11 May 1992 whicb provides for the inclmin1 
of this reference in coopendion or association agreements between th 
C.onununity and its CSCE putneJS, as well as 
* Rmsia's policy in this field and 
* the attacbment of both Parties to the relevant obligatiom, arising in puticula 
fmm the llelsinki Final Act and the Olarter of Paris for a New Europe." 
4. Interpretative doclarations accompanying a general oon-execution clause 
i. Standatd joint declaniion 
'' 'The Parties agree, forthe purpose ofthe conect intei)Jretation and pmctical applicatint 
of this Agreentent, that tbe tenn ''cases of special mgency'' in Article Y meam a ~e (} 
tbe material breach of the Agreement by one of tbe PQrties. A material breacb of tb 
Agreement comis1s in: 
(i) repudiaöon of the agreement not saocöooed by tbe geoeml ndes of intematiom 
law; 
or 
(ii) violation of essential elements of the Agreemeot, namely i1s Article X. 
ii. Joint declamtion (agreement with tbe Rlmian Fedemöoo, ble 1994) 
''The puties agree that the 'apptupriate measmes" refeltOO to in Al1icle Y are measlll\ 
taken in acconlance with intemationallaw. If a puty takes a measure io a case of speci: 
urgency M provided for under Alticle Y, the otber party may avail i1self of tbe pocedlu 
relating 1D seUiement of clspies." 
16 
ANNEX2 
Summary of measures that may be taken in response to serious hwnan rights violations 
or serious intenuptions of democratic process: 
alteration of the contents of cooperation programmes or the channels used 
-reduction of cultural, scientific and technical cooperation programmes 
postponement of a Joint Committee meeting 
suspension of high-level bilateral contacts 
-postponement of new projects 
-refusal to follow up partner's initiatives 
-trade embargoes 
-suspension of arms sales, suspension of military cooperation 
-suspension of cooperation 
17 
,, .. 
. ' 
ANREXE 3.. 
R&PERINCF..S A~ nROrrs af.: L'l:oc..:.· -~ F:Y .~.~~~:. fr'JNCIPIS D&IIIQe~tt~ntlUb 
. DAN8 L1!S /.Cf:;Q~~·3 C:.3'(1A YS TII!RS 
dQts: 27.4.95 
• 
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A.meriqae Lada ·• 
Aceords de 23.04.93 JOL2S/1993 Cadre de cooperauon 
c.umaaeucecpays 1 c, X 
membtt:s1 
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BOUVTE 03.02..93 JOL31311992 Coooeration X 
BRESJl. 29.06.92 JOL 16311992 Coooeration X _, 
CHIU 12.12.90 JOL79/1991 ~dre de coooeradon e, X 
ISTHME <=tfl:. 22.02.93 JOL Cooperaden oSia, X X amcn=in ~ 
M.EXlQl:IE 17.10.91 JOL34011991 Cammerce.caoperation 
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URUGUAY 04.11.91 JOLs.-11992 Cae1nt de cooP«ation c, X 
Asie 
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MONGOLI.E Commerc:e.caoperation 
commetdaJe et Os X ... bnatniaue 
PAKlST~- ~07.85 JOl-10811986 Coopetdon c, 
SRI I...A.N'KA ·- Coop«aUon Bo X signe Ie 16.05.94 
~· 22..07.75 .. JOL-247/1975 Coo~ 
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1'b. 
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Golfe' 1 
ALGERlE 2f!.04.78 JOL.28311978 Coopåradon ~ 
EGYPTE 18.01.77 JOL28611978 Caop8radon Bt 
JORDANIE 18.01.77 JOL.28811978 Economique et ~ . commerc:ial 
UBAN 03.~.77 JOL2e711978 Cooperaden ~ 
27.04.76 JOL 26411978 C4oaeration C2 
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JOL358119~ A,. 
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e 
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KI&GHIST~ 01.06..94 JOL-31911994 Part8natiat et A,.:,:, X X x. on 
LETI'ONIE 31.12.94 JOL 37-411995 Ul:n ecnange A1~1• x· X 
2.1.12.92 JOL.~992 coaaanerce. c:ooperauon 
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e 
lJTHUANJE 31.12.94 JOL.37SI1996 · Ubre ecnange A,.u X .x 
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POLOONE ~ le18.12.91 Commlrceet At.a.a JOL3-W1993 . .. 
19.09.89 JOL..33911989 ConmiKe.ca opintien 
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1 
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19.12.94 JOL.3Stl994 -;.... --.....~..-... 
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20.01.93 JOL 18911993 .~:'l"l'PJ/Ad;..J. •. ;. 
Coup~r..!U'lll A,.~ 
Mgne 1e 14.oe.s.4 PartenanLrei-
caooeration 
t Bodve. Colarilbie. Equaaar, Petau. Venezt.leb 
2 Coata Rlca. !1 Satvador. ~ Honduru. ~ua. P2nama 
'Algendne. 8'*111. Pttaguay, Uruguay 
• I~.Mataiaie. Ptrillppines. Singapour. Thailande, Brunet 
1 Emnts Arabea Unis. Bahrein. Ar.Hiie Saoudlte. Oman. Qacar. Kaweit X X 
X X 
X X X 
X X X 
X X 
l X X X 
• La retaaons de c:oo~ et toutn 1e1 dlspositlons" de en ac:cctås se fcndent sur te I"8SQeCt dell prindpes 
cMmocr.attQues • des draila de !"homme qui lnspinlm 1M PQiittQua lntemes et intarnatlanaJea 
tant de ta Comrnunautt que de ·-• 
" La I'WMöons de c:aop...., de "*"-que rautetles dlap:IRians • fondent sur Ie I'88QeCt d• 
pa1ndpe d«noc:rdQuu et aa droitl de r1lornrne qui ~ '-~- intlt'Ma et 
inlemat:lonalea qui COftlldtuerlt un ....._........,ele CIIIIICCII:IftJL • 
• Sl une pattie cansidn que raun n P• IWnPI run. .del ablgallana que flå irnpa8e 141 ~ ICCIIId. 
... peut prendre dea n.IUIW ~ .. dGft. saut ... c:aa <turgera ...... 
faun* au c:onaei d'aaa IIIIIWI &outal -ilfcaiiillloi• Pll'til*d8S Mceaan8 l un ...,.... 
appcofcMidl et. Ia d:ullöan .., vue de •ec:hereblr une saludan K~CeptiD'e par ._ ....-
• ,__,.....se.....,.,... dral de ....-.n I'MC 11at lnwn6dllt r~llcattan de riCCGI'd åna sa 
tata&Jtt ou pan1e1ement en c:u d'dldntll gme aux dllpaslllanl -•ntNtlea de l"ac:r:an!r 
• C«!aratton annexee ~ raccard : i.. ,_... conviennent. aux f'm de ~ COf'l'lld8 et 
de rappllcation pratfque de l'acccrd. quela terrMI' cu ~ ~ ftgunlnt dMa l'ardc:IL. 
stgnillant Ia caa de vmaan subSfandllllde l'accocd par,.,.. des deux part~a.. Une vtoilltiOn ~ et. raccard CICiftllll8: • 
a) dana Ie Rljet de raccard nan sanc:&ll:»nnt par lel rtglls ~ du dtol ~ 
ou 
ta) cSana 1a violatlon d. ~ .......... da raccard,... c1ana ran~c~&...N 
LO .. •, 
Refcrenccs to hwnan rights and dcrmcmtic principlcs 
io Community agreemcnts with thinl countrics 
KEY 
A. Regionol European framework 
1. The provisions and principles of the follQwing should be fully implemented: 
(a) the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Eurorx: (CSCE) 
(b) the Helsinki Final Act, the concluding documents of the ~d aa.d Vienna conferences 
( c) the closing doctnnent of the Copenhagen meeting 
( d) the Charter of Paris for a New Europe, particularly in respect of the rule of law, democracy 
anc htunan rights (November 1()()()) 
( e) the Bonn CSCE conference docwnent on economic cooperation 
2. Recognizing the importance of guaranteeing ethnic and nationa) minority rights 
(a) in Iine with the commitments entered into in the context of the CSCE 
(b) and of establishing a system based on pluralism and free and democratic elections 
3. Aware of the importance of strengthening their democratic institutions and supporting the 
economic reform process 
4. Reference to the European Convention on the Protection ofHt.nnan Rights and Ftmdamental 
Freedoms 
B. Atttrhment to the principles of the United Nations Charter 
1. to democratic values and respect for human rights 
2. and wishing to express their mutual desire to maintain and strengthen their friendly relations 
on the basis of those principles 
C Atttrhment to the priw:iples of eqwlity, freedom and justice 
1. and asserting thcir sharcd wish to help initiate a ncw phase of economic cooperation imd to 
facilitatc thc dcvclopmcnt of their rcspcctivc human and matcrial resources on thc basis of 
those principles 
2. and asserting their shared \vish to promote the development of their hwnan and physical 
resolU"ces in a context of freedom, equality and justice 
3. and emphasizing their shared attachment to the promotion ofintemational economic relations 
based on freedom, equality, justice and progress 
D. Other referew:es 
1. welcoming the transfonnation of thc cotmtry into a democratic and multiracial society and 
the importance attached to human rights 
2. recognizing that in the wake of recent political developments the country wishes to stabilize 
and consolidate democracy and promote economic and social progress 
3. the importance attached by the parties to respect for the hmnan rights, democratic principles 
and economic freedom that underpin this agreement 
4. attachment to democratic values and respect for hurnan rights 
5. whereas the main beneficiary of cooperation is man, and these rights should therefore be 
promoted · 
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