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EUROOPAN YHTEISÖJEN KOMISSIO 
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KOMISSION KERTOMUS 
EUROOPAN YHTEISÖN JA KESKI- JA ITA-EUROOPAN MAIDEN 
VÄLISEN VUODEN 1994 RAJOJEN YLI ULOTTUVAN YHTEISTYÖN 
OHJELMAN TOTEUTTAMISESTA 

TIIVISTELMÄ 
JOHDANTO 
Vuoden 1994 rajojen yli ulottuvan yhteistyön PHARE-ohjelma on ollut 
menestyksekäs. Epävarmasta alusta huolimatta PHARE-ohjelman 
edunsaajavaltioiden hallitukset ovat erittäin lyhyessä ajassa nimenneet ohjelmasta 
vastuussa olevat viranomaiset ja luoneet hankkeiden esivalintaa varten sisäisen 
neuvottelujärjestelmän, jossa ovat mukana asianomaiset ministeriöt ja alueelliset 
viranomaiset; asianomaiset Euroopan unionin jäsenvaltiot sekä Keski- ja Itä-
Euroopan valtiot aloittivat neuvottelut hyödyntäen olemassa olevia ja uusia 
keskustelukanavia tarkoituksenaan yksilöidä toteutettavat toimenpiteet ja hankkeet 
yhdessä; ohjelmaa varten vahvistettiin oikeudellinen perusta; Euroopan 
parlamentin tarkoitukseen osoittamat 150 miljoonaa ecua saatiin 
kokonaisuudessaan kohdennettua marraskuuhun 1994 mennessä. Useimmissa. 
hankkeissa on kysymys liikenteeseen tai ympäristöön liittyvistä 
infrastruktuuritöistä, mutta myös muiden alojen kuten televiestinnän, energia-alan, 
koulutuksen ja sosiaalialan hankkeita on otettu mukaan; hankkeiden toteuttaminen 
on monissa tapauksissa jo alkanut. Ohjelman kautta ECOS/OUVERTURE -
aloitteelle tarjotun lisärahoituksen turvin tuetaan yli sataa alueiden välistä 
yhteistyöhanketta Euroopan unionin ja Keski- ja Itä-Euroopan maiden alueiden ja 
kaupunkien välillä. Tämä on erityisen arvokkaalla tavalla myötävaikuttanut 
ohjelman erään perustavoitteen saavuttamiseen eli rajaseuduilla asuvien ihmisten 
välisen yhteistoiminnan, yhteydenpidon ja vuoropuhelun edistämiseen. 
Vuosi 1994 on ollut monessa suhteessa siirtymävuosi rajojen yli ulottuvan 
yhteistyön ohjelman osalta. Ohjelmaa on mukautettava kaudeksi 1995 - 99, jotta 
Eurooppa-neuvoston Essenissä päättämä monivuotisuus saataisiin otettua 
käyttöön ja saavutettaisiin parempi yhteensopivuus INTERREG II -ohjelman 
kanssa. Koska PHARE:n rajojen yli ulottuvan yhteistyön ohjelman ja INTERREG-
ohjelman menettelytavoissa ja rakenteessa on eroja, on yhteinen suunnittelu 
välttämätöntä mahdollisimman suuren yhteensopivuuden aikaansaamiseksi. 
Rahoitus 
Euroopan parlamentti on hyväksynyt vuoden 1995 budjettimäärärahat säilyttäen 
PHARE:n rajojen yli ulottuvan yhteistyön ohjelman kokonaismäärärahat 
edellisvuoden tasolla. Lisäyksiä on kuitenkin tehty 1.1.1995 tapahtuneen Euroopan 
unionin laajentumisen ja tästä seuranneiden uusien rajojen huomioon ottamiseksi. 
Suunnittelussa voidaan lähteä siitä, että määrärahat säilyvät pääosin tällä tasolla 
vuosina 1996 - 1999. Yhteisrahoitusta pyritään lisäämään ja samalla edistämään 
INTERREG: in ulkopuolisten rahoituslähteiden, erityisesti kansallisten 
määrärahojen ja kansainvälisten rahoituslaitosten varojen, käyttöä. 
Tukeen oikeutetut toimet ia alueet 
a 
4. Komission asetuksen 1628/94 5 artiklassa määritellyn mukaiset tukeen oikeutetut 
toimet säilyvät todennäköisesti sellaisina kuin ne on eritelty vuoden 1994 
rahoitusehdotuksissa. Vaikka infrastruktuurin alalla tarvitaankin edelleen 
tukitoimia, tehtäväkentän odotetaan monipuolistuvan, kun erilaiset "pehmeät 
toimenpiteet" vähitellen lisääntyvät ja erityisesti kun rajan toisella puolella 
toteutettavien toimien kanssa päästään parempaan toisiaan täydentävyyteen ja 
synergiaan. 
5. Keski- ja Itä-Euroopan maiden hallitukset määrittelevät parhaillaan INTERREG-
ohjelman vaatimuksia vastaavia tukeen oikeutettuja raja-alueita. INTERREG-
ohjelman yhteydessä saavutetun tarkkuuden (NUTS III:een perustuen) odotetaan 
muodostavan lähtökohdan rajojen yli ulottuvan yhteistyön alueiden yksilöinnille. 
Itävallan liittyminen Euroopan unioniin merkitsee sitä, että on määriteltävä neljä 
uutta raja-aluetta, jotka sijaitsevat T_ekin tasavallassa, Sloveniassa, Slovakiassa ja 
Unkarissa. Itämeren alueen osalta voidaan todeta, että vuosiksi 1995 - 1999 on 
kehitetty monenvälinen lähestymistapa asianomaisia neljää Euroopan unionin 
jäsenvaltiota ja Keski- ja Itä-Euroopan valtiota varten. 
Rajojen yli ulottuvan yhteistyön PHARE-ohjelma/INTERREG-yhteistvö 
Monivuotiset viiteohjelmat 
6. Rajojen yli ulottuvan yhteistyön olisi perustuttava yhteiseen pitkän aikavälin 
kehittämisstrategiaan, jossa asianomaisia raja-alueita kohdellaan yhtenä ainoana 
maantieteellisenä yksikkönä. PHARE:n rajojen yli ulottuvan yhteistyön ohjelman ja 
INTERREG II -ohjelman toisiaan täydentävyyden ja yhteensopivuuden 
varmistamiseksi Keski- ja Itä-Euroopan maiden on toimittava monivuotisten 
viiteohjelmien pohjalta, jotka muodostavat jäsenvaltioiden INTERREG-
toimintaohjelmien peilikuvan. Sekä monivuotisten viiteohjelmien että 
toimintaohjelmien olisi noudatettava rajojen yli ulottuvan yhteistyön 
kehittämisstrategiaa. Monivuotisten viiteohjelmien olisi muodostettava kehys 
rahoitusehdotuksille, jotka annetaan vuosittain virallisen hyväksynnän saamiseksi 
ohjelman vuosittaisille osuuksille. Monivuotisten viiteohjelmien ja 
toimintaohjelmien painopistealueiden olisi oltava samat, vaikka niiden rajoissa 
toteutettavat toimenpiteet usein poikkeavatkin toisistaan kuvastaen kehityksen eri 
asteita ja tärkeysjärjestyksen eroja rajan molemmin puolin. 
7. Kumppanimaiden välille ollaan luomassa yhteistyöjärjestelyjä, joiden tavoitteet 
ovat seuraavat: 
* hyväksytyistä tavoitteista ja yhteistyön aloista muodostuvan viitekehyksen 
luominen yksityiskohtaisen ohjelmoinnin ja toteuttamisen 
mahdollistamiseksi INTERREG- ja PHARE-menettelyjen rajoissa; 
ia-
* tarvittavan institutionaalisen koneiston luominen rajojen yli ulottuvan 
yhteistyön toimintojen yhteensovitettua, ja mahdollista yhteistä, hallintoa 
varten. 
Nämä yhteistyöjärjestelyt kattavat useita keskeisiä kohtia kuten keskeiset 
pitkäa7lyhyen aikavälin yhteistyötavoitteet, painopistealueet ja suuntaa-antavat 
toimenpiteet sekä yhteistyön koko monivuotisen ohjelmointikauden 1995 - 99 
käsittävän rahoituskehyksen. Lisäksi tässä yhteydessä määritellään sellaiset 
institutionaaliset järjestelyt kuin yhteisen ohjelmointi- ja valvontakomitean 
perustaminen ja standardoitujen menettelyjen luominen yhdessä toteutettavia 
toimenpiteitä/hankkeita varten. 
Yhteistyö tulevaisuudessa 
Kun Essenissä kokoontunut Eurooppa-neuvosto hyväksyi neuvoston kertomuksen 
assosioitujen Keski- ja Itä-Euroopan maiden Euroopan unioniin liittymisen 
valmisteluja koskevasta strategiasta, se samalla tunnusti, että alueen sisäinen 
yhteistyö ja "hyvän naapuruuden" edistäminen ovat konkreettisia toimenpiteitä, 
jotka myötävaikuttavat tämän strategian toteutumiseen. Eurooppa-neuvoston 
päätös rajojen yli ulottuvan yhteistyön kehittämisestä monivuotiseksi mahdollistaa 
sen rajoissa toteutettavien toimenpiteiden paremman yhteensovittamisen Euroopan 
unionin rakennerahastojen toiminnan kanssa. Lisäksi Eurooppa-neuvosto päätti 
laajentaa monivuotisen rajojen yli ulottuvan yhteistyön ohjelman maantieteellistä 
toiminta-aluetta koskemaan myös Keski- ja Itä-Euroopan maiden keskinäisiä sekä 
Keski- ja Itä-Euroopan maiden ja IVY-maiden välisiä rajoja. Koska nämä raja-
alueet eivät ole oikeutettuja PHARE- ja INTERREG-ohjelmien mukaiseen 
yhteisrahoitukseen, niitä varten on laadittava omat yhteisrahoitussuunnitelmat, 
joissa rahoituslähteinä voidaan käyttää esimerkiksi PHARE-ohjelman, 
asianomaisten valtioiden kansallisten talousarvioiden, kansainvälisten 
rahoituslaitosten ja TACIS-ohjelman varoja (jos tämä TAClS-asetuksen mukaan 
on mahdollista). Tarkasteltavaksi on lisäksi otettava tämän alueiden välisen 
yhteistyön ohjelman mahdollinen maantieteellinen laajentaminen kohti IVY-aluetta. 
4 
CONTENTS 
SECTION 1, BACKGROUND 
Preamble 
1993 Projects 
SECTION 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROGRAMME 
Introduction 
1994 Programme: Legal Basis and Financial 
Framework 
Objectives 
Beneficiary Regions 
Eligible Measures 
SECTION 3. MANAGEMENT OF THE CBC PROGRAMME 
Introduction 
Joint Programming and Monitoring Committees 
Institutional Arrangements for Implementation 
Inter-regional Co-operation networks 
SECTION 4. REVIEW OF COUNTRY AND SECTOR PROGRAMMES 
Introduction 
1994 Country Programmes 
- Albania/Greece/Italy 
- Bulgaria/Greece 
- Czech Republic/Germany 
- Estonia/Denmark 
- Latvia/Denmark 
- Lithuania/Denmark 
- Poland/Germany/Denmark 
- Slovenia/Italy 
1994 Sector Programmes 
- Environment 
- Multidisciplinary 
- Inter-regional Cooperation 
SECTION 5. CONCLUSIONS 
Introduction 
ANNEXES Funding 
Eligible Actions and Areas 
Phare CBC/lnterreg Cooperation 
Indicative Multi-annual Programmes 
Future Cooperation 
Annex 1 - Cross-Border Cooperation Projects financed by 
Phare in 1993 
Annex 2 - Cross-Border Cooperation Programme, 1994 
Annex 3 - 1994 Programme - Measures, Projects and 
Costs by Country and Sector 
3 
SECTION 1 - BACKGROUND 
PREAMBLE 
1.1 In recognition of the need to reinforce co-operation and stimulate integration across 
the border regions and inspired by the effectiveness of the Interreg initiative, a 150 
Mecu programme was set up in 1994, within the overall framework of Phare, for 
financing actions of a structural nature in border regions of all Phare beneficiary 
countries, sharing a common border with a Member State of the European Union. 
These actions had to be implemented taking into account the community structural 
policies, notably Interreg II. 
1.2 Within the Phare Programme, measures had already been financed from 1992 onwards 
to stimulate EC/CEEC Cross-Border co-operation, notably to improve border 
crossings between the Czech Republic and Germany, Poland and Germany, and 
Albania and Greece. Most of these projects corresponded directly with projects 
included in the Interreg programmes of the Member States concerned. 
1.3 Support for cooperation between the border regions of the European Union and 
Central and Eastern European countries is an important mechanism for facilitating the 
process of integration. Exchange of information and experience between border 
regions as well as joint activities in fields such as transport, the environment, energy, 
telecommunications, business and technology transfer can not only assist the processes 
of transition and integration with the EU, but can also contribute to the general 
economic development of the border regions . Moreover, the new programme offers 
CEECs the opportunity to get acquainted with the EU Structural funds mechanisms. 
1.4 1994 is in practise, to be considered as a period of transition from the initial inception 
of the Programme on a relatively limited scale to the full implementation of a Multi-
Annual Programme for 1995-99 throughout the border regions, fully coherent with 
Interreg II. 
In addition, during 1994: 
the legal and institutional arrangements for the Programme needed to be established 
the implementation arrangements had to be tested 
matching funds from the Interreg initiative were not yet available 
V 
- the border regions were not formally defined 
- maritime borders were introduced into the programme for the first time in response 
to the specific needs of the Baltic States and Albania 
1.5 The beneficiary countries, in co-operation with the Commission, identified a full 
programme of specific projects; financing proposals were prepared for all eligible 
border regions and were agreed by the PHARE Management Committee, after which 
the Commission decisions were taken. These projects are now in the process of 
implementation. 
1.6. The first section of this report on the 1994 Cross Border Co-operation Programme 
outlines the experience of the 1993 Programme which provided a number of lessons 
for the operation of the Programme. Subsequent sections go on to describe the 
operation of the 1994 Programme, outline the management of the Programme, review 
the programmes of each partner country and draw some conclusions for future years. 
1993 Projects 
1.7. The European Parliament requested in the commentary to the 1993 budget that up to 
15 MECU of the PHARE Programme budget (B 7600) be set aside for CEE/EU cross 
border cooperation and that at least 5 MECU be used for similar CEE/CEEC 
measures. The Parliament's request was based on the positive results generated by the 
Community's INTERREG initiative, aimed at co-operative development across EU 
national borders. 
1.8. Early in 1993, the Commission services (DG1 in close co-operation with DG XVI) 
started a process of project identification, involving the receipt of initial project 
proposals from the Member States which were subsequently discussed with the 
CEECs in the PHARE Programming process. A number of these projects were 
selected in addition to those proposed by the CEECs, with the result that by the end of 
1993 some 14 MECU was committed for projects of cross border co-operation 
between Albania, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic and Poland and the respective 
bordering EU Member States and over 40 MECU committed for cross border 
initiatives between the CEECs. Both groups of projects involved primarily 
infrastructure (border crossing) and environmental projects. Most of the CEEC/EU 
initiatives linked up directly with projects included in INTERREG I. 
1.9. In the process of identifying and launching the cross border initiatives, a number of 
policy and implementation issues were raised. The CEECs were initially reluctant to 
take up proposals for projects in border regions with member States as these regions 
were already in a better economic and social position relative to other border areas of 
their countries, which in their view needed more support. Although in several 
instances and within the context of INTERREG I, there were contacts at local and 
regional level between a member state and a CEEC, there was little evidence of such 
contacts being reflected within the plans and objectives of central government 
departments dealing with PHARE. The cross border exercise should assist in 
improving the communication channels between regions and the centre within the 
CEECs in regard to PHARE programming. 
1.10. The experience gained in 1993 showed that with close co-ordination and cooperation 
cross border initiatives, notably for the improvement of border crossings could be 
successfully programmed and implemented both between the CEECs and the EU 
Member State and between the CEECs. The overall exercise will be useful in 
developing experience for the programming and implementation of similar exercises 
involving two community assistance programmes. 
Section 2. Description of the Programme 
Introduction 
2.1. The year 1994 needs to be considered as tran^ti^naLpirst, it is the first year during 
; : -which 0ieyf rogramme will be operational, the legal an<f institutional arrangements set 
up and the implementation arrangements tested. Second, during the first year matching 
funds, in particular from INTERREG, will not yet be available. Identifying co-
financed projects in the strict sense of the word is, therefore, difficult. 1994 also 
represents a transitional stage in the development of the Cross Border Co-operation 
Programme, taking it through to 1995 when it will be fully elaborated on a multi-
annual programming basis, in coherence with, and co-financed by INTERREG. 
2.2. Although the Programme was initiated in uncertain circumstances, there have been 
some significant achievements. Major programmes have been identified for each of 
the beneficiary countries and the process of implementation started; joint 
programming and monitoring mechanisms have been established for each border area; 
the Baltic States have been involved in the programme for the first time; and, in the 
context of horizontal measures such as ECOS and OUVERTURE, funding has been 
provided for the CEE countries for the first time. One of the major merits of the 
Programme is that it has stimulated partner countries to work together in view of 
setting up networks and projects across the border, in the interest of local populations 
who throughout history have been suffering from their relative isolation within the 
national economics. The Programme has, thus, been able to contribute to building 
confidence, enhancing dialogue and increasing contacts between countries and 
peoples. 
1994 Programme: Legal Basis and Financial Framework 
2.3. Commission Regulation (EC) No. 1628/94 of 4 July 1994 concerning the 
implementation of a programme for cross border co-operation between countries in 
Central and Eastern Europe and the Member States of the European Union in the 
framework of the PHARE Programme provides the rules for financing actions of a 
structural nature in border regions of the CEEC sharing a common border with the 
Community, in harmony with EC structural policies and with INTERREG II in 
particular. 
2.4. In recognition of the need to reinforce cooperation and stimulate integration of the 
Central and Eastern European Countries into the EU and inspired by the INTERREG 
initiative, the 1994 Community budget included a new budget line (B7-612) allocating 
150 MECU for the promotion of actions in the border regions of the Central and 
Eastern European Countries in co-ordination with the INTERREG Programmes in the 
EU Member States. In particular, this new budget line provides co-finance for projects 
linked with measures supported notably under the INTERREG initiative of the EU. 
Objectives 
2.5. The primary objectives of the CBC Programme are: 
to assist border regions of the eligible CEECs to overcome specific 
development problems stemming from their relative isolation in the national 
economy, in the interests of the local population and in a manner compatible 
with the protection of the environment; 
to encourage the creation and the development of co-operation networks on 
either side of these borders, and the establishment of links between these 
networks and wider EC networks 
to avoid a disrupture in standards of living and growth at the EU's external 
borders 
cooperation between EU and CEC border regions can contribute substantially 
to the acceleration of the transformation process in the CEC and to their 
gradual approximation to the EU. 
This Programme will also contribute to the realisation of the Pact for Stability. 
Beneficiary Regions 
2.6. In 1994, the countries in Central and Eastern Europe eligible to support from the CBC 
Programme were all PHARE beneficiaries sharing a common border wiht the EU : 
Albania, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and 
Slovenia. Following the accession of Austria to the EU the beginning of 1995, 
Hungary, and the Slovak Republic have also become eligible. The eligible borders are 
identified in Fig. 1. 
2.7. The beneficiary border regions in these have been determined by the Governments of 
the countries concerned, in collaboration with the European Commission. In defining 
the border regions, the need for coherence with INTERREG II has been taken into 
account, emphasising the cross-border impact of the measures concerned. In principle, 
the regions in the CEEC eligible for support are border regions. However, the 
Programme can also include projects which accompany other measures financed by 
the Structural Funds such as ECOS and Ouverture. The modest support available 
through these measures is applicable to all countries eligible for PHARE assistance 
and is not limited to border regions. 
Eligible Measures 
2.8. The regulation for the Cross Border Co-operation Programme, inspired by the 
INTERREG Guidelines, specifies that a large number of broad measures can be 
supported. Article 5 of the regulation specifies that the actions which can be financed 
under the Programme could include: 
alleviation of the administrative and institutional obstacles to the free flow of persons, 
products or services across the border, 
improving infrastructure, in particular communication facilities and the provision of 
local water, gas, and electricity supplies, providing benefits across border areas, 
waste management, environmental management and pollution prevention dealing with 
problems exacerbated by the proximity to external borders 
the promotion of tourism, 
agricultural and rural development measures with particular attention for facilitating 
cross border cooperation projects, 
measures to promote co-operation in health, particularly the sharing of resources and 
facilities on a cross border basis, 
measures in the fields of energy, telecommunications and transport, aimed at 
complementing the development of trans-European networks in accordance with the 
orientations adopted by the Commission, 
the development or establishment of facilities and resources to improve the flow of 
information and communications between border regions, including support for cross-
border radio, television, newspapers and other media. 
In addition, where cross border cooperation is specifically involved, other actions 
could also be financed under the Programme where they involve: 
promotion of business cooperation, enterprise development, financial cooperation and 
cooperation between institutions representing the business sector (e.g. chambers of 
commerce), 
aid to investment and the provision of supporting services and facilities, in particular 
for technology transfer and for marketing for small and medium-sized enterprises, 
training and employment measures. 
2.9. In practise, for 1994, and given the different levels of development at either side of the 
border actions have focused mainly on transport and the environment, with a much 
smaller number in the energy, telecommunications and social sectors. Whilst these 
type of measures will still be given priority in the next few years, the aim will be to 
gradually diversify measures, particularly by introducing economic and social 
activities. 
10 
Section 3. Management of the CBC Programme 
Introduction 
3.1. Regulation 1628/94 specifies in its article 9 that assistance under the Cross Border Co­
operation Programme should be administered by the Commission in accordance with 
the normal practises applied to Central and Eastern Europe (EEC No. 3906/89). The 
standard PHARE rules were applied during 1994; as INTERREG II was not 
operational, it was only possible to manage the CBC Programme, taking into account 
general principles prevailing under Interreg II. 
3.2. The aim for 1995 is to make the two programmes 'mirror images' on the CEEC and 
EU sides of the borders, respectively. From 1995 onwards an important element of 
joint management will be introduced, through the administrative machinery 
established by the partner countries. The identification and monitoring of the 
Programme will be undertaken jointly, with synchronised multi-annual programmes 
being formulated which set out the arrangements for co-financing. 
Joint Programming and Monitoring Committees 
3.3. Article 7 of the PHARE CBC Regulation sees the establishment of Joint Programming 
and Monitoring Committees (JPMC) for each of the border regions as the key 
coordination mechanism. In 1994, JPMCs were established for most of the Cross 
Border areas through existing co-ordination structures which pre-figured the JPMCs, 
through existing bi-Iateral frameworks or through newly established arrangements. 
The Commission has been represented during the programming activities of the 
JPMCs, which have thus been of a trilateral nature. The tasks of the Committees 
combine planning and implementation functions. The JPMCs will be the principal 
forum for the joint programming of CBC activities and will monitor and coordinate 
the implementation of these activities. 
3.4. The membership of these Committees is made up of the central authority responsible 
for INTERREG and PHARE CBC respectively, the sectoral ministries or agencies for 
major measures/projects in the programme and the regional/local authorities in the 
border region. 
3.5. The formulation and approval of projects for 1994 followed the following procedure: 
i) The governments of the CEEC concerned were informed that the CBC 
Programme was to become operational and were asked to designate the 
authorities which would be responsible for the programme. 
11 
ii) these were invited to contact national and regional authorities in each of the 
CEE countries for project ideas, using existing or new consultation 
mechanisms between local, regional and national levels; 
iii) the tripartite committees formulated recommendations which were transmitted 
to the Commission via the relevant authority of the CEEC concerned; 
iv) the Commission submitted financing proposals per border for opinion to the 
Phare Management Committee, after which relevant decisions were taken; 
v) finally, the Financing Memorandum and Memorandum of Understanding was 
agreed between the Commission and the CEEC concerned. 
Institutional Arrangements for Implementation 
3.6. The overall co-ordination and financial responsibility for each Programme will rest 
with the implementing authority, that is, the nominated authority or administrative 
body in each CEE country. The implementing authority nominates the Project 
Authorising Officer who will be responsible for launching tenders and entitled to sign 
contracts and authorise payments. Project Management Units have now been 
established in each of the nominated administrative bodies to facilitate the 
implementation process. 
Inter-regional co-operation networks 
3.7. Inter-regional co-operation is a substantial and successful area of activity within the 
EU and has been supported by a number of EU Programmes. In addition, the EU has 
provided support to inter-regional co-operation activities involving EU and CEEC 
partners. A well established scheme of this nature in ECOS/OUVERTURE which has 
stimulated and supported inter-regional co-operation between CEE and EU countries 
at local and regional level. This is a multi-thematic scheme and its areas of co­
operation have included economic and business development, city and regional 
democracy, urban service provision and environmental issues. 
3.8. Although projects supported by the EU under ECOS/OUVHRTURE are required to 
include at least one CEEC partner, until 1994 financial support was only available to 
the EU partners. This was a major disadvantage for the CEEC participants. In 1994, 2 
million ecu was allocated from the PHARE budget to support the ECOS/Ouverture 
Programmes in order to allow the full participation of Central and Eastern European 
partners. 
12 
Section 4. Review of Country and Sector Programmes 
Introduction 
4.1. In July 1994, the PHARE Management Committee gave positive opinions on a series 
of Cross Border Co-operation Programmes for Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovenia, 
Albania and Bulgaria. At a later date the further Programmes were approved for the 
Baltic States -Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia. This is the first time that the Baltic states 
have been included in Cross Border Programmes. In addition, a small programme for 
Poland in relation to Denmark, and three sectoral programmes - Environment, Multi-
disciplinary and Inter-regional Cooperation - have also been approved. The 
distribution of the 150 mecu made available for the promotion of cross border 
activities between programmes is shown in Annex 2. 
1994 Programmes 
4.2. The beneficiary governments of the Central and Eastern European Countries in 
cooperation with the Commission, have identified specific projects for the 1994 
Programme. Financing proposals have been prepared for all eligible border regions 
and have been agreed by the PHARE Management Committee. An outline of each of 
the country and sector programmes is provided below and a full listing of all projects 
and costs is attached in Annex 3. 
4.3. The total cost of projects funded under the Programme amounts to nearly 350 mecu. In 
line with the regulations, the co-financing for projects includes resources from 
Member States of the European Union and countries of Central and Eastern Europe, 
from International Financial Institutions, and from other private and public sources. 
As in the 1993 Programme, the largest proportion of expenditure is still on transport 
infrastructure projects, taking up nearly 90 mecu of the EU contribution, with 
environment projects taking the second largest amount, nearly 35 mecu.(see Annex 2, 
table 2). 
ALBANIA / GREECE / ITALY 
The Cross Border Co-operation Programme is of particular interest to the Albanian 
Government as it offers a further opportunity to open up the country, following its 
long period of isolation, and to develop closer links with the EU. One of the principle 
aims of the Government's economic reform programme is to address the urgent need 
for investment to improve the poor quality of the country's infrastructure. 
13 
The Albanian and Greek Governments have recognised the importance of the 
development of the Trans-European networks. The maritime links to Italy are seen as a 
vital element in these networks. By improving its own network, Albania may also help 
facilitate Greece's links with the rest of the European Union. As a result, the Albanian 
Programme for 1994 focuses on transport infrastructure, in particular the road network 
linking Albania and Greece. 
In view of the small size of the country, and 1994 being a transitional year the whole 
of Albania is considered as eligible under this Programme. In effect, however, in 1994 
the measures proposed are concentrated in administrative regions which border 
directly on Greece or are immediately adjacent to these regions, and in administrative 
regions on the maritime border. 
The specific objectives of the Albanian programme are: 
to improve transport links between Greece, Albania and Italy and, as a consequence, 
between Greece and the rest of the Union 
to alleviate bottlenecks at border crossing points with Greece to reduce waiting time 
and improve the flow of substantially increased traffic 
Six projects are planned requiring a total EU contribution of 20 MECU. The 
upgrading of the Durres-Rrogozhine road in particular, is seen as improving the 
gateway to Italy and the rest of Europe. 
The measures to be funded in the 1994 Cross Border Co-operation Programme have 
been identified as a result of detailed discussions between the Albanian and Greek 
authorities, including an initial joint programming committee meeting, together with 
contacts between Albanian and Italian authorities. Extensive discussions on priority 
projects were also undertaken with the World Bank and EIB. 
These discussions represent an initial step towards the development of more in-depth 
consultation for the preparation of actions in 1995-99 between Albania and the 
bordering countries of the EU. Possible areas for future co-operation include: 
transport infrastructure development and upgrading; transport operations facilitation; 
co-operation in the customs sector; tourism; water resources; and human resources 
management and development. 
The 1993 PHARE Regional Programme has provided funding for the improvement of 
the border crossing at Kakavia/Ktismata, between Albania and Greece. 
14 
BULGARIA/GREECE 
The Bulgarian Government attaches great importance to improved co-operation 
between the border regions of Bulgaria and Greece. A strategy for the development 
and promotion of the regions bordering Greece was produced in 1993. This strategy is 
one element in a wider programme to achieve closer links with the EU. Great 
importance is, therefore, attached to alleviating obstacles to the flow of people, 
services and goods across the border with Greece. This is reflected in the 1994 Cross 
Border Co-operation Programme for Bulgaria; its objective are : 
- to alleviate bottlenecks at border crossing points with Greece in order to reduce 
waiting time and improve traffic flows 
- to improve the supply of energy and the joint operation of energy networks 
- to contribute to the improvement of nuclear safety in the region 
- to develop telecommunications facilities 
- to improve water treatment and the supply of drinking water 
The programme for Bulgaria, requiring a total EU contribution of 25 MECU, 
includes ten projects over four measures: 
- transport: two projects for improving road and rail links; 
- energy: three projects aimed at improving energy supply, joint operation of energy 
networks and the improvement of nuclear safety; 
- environment: projects include the construction of waste water treatment plants and a 
study on river protection; 
- telecommunications: a project involving the creation of a new telecommunications 
link by fibre optic cable 
Three sub-regions are eligible under the 1994 Programme: Pirin, with Struma and 
Mesta zones; Rhodopes (Central and eastern); and Maritsa. In addition, in view of its 
cross border impact of measures to improve nuclear safety, the region of Kozloduy is 
also included in the Programme. 
15 
CZECH REPUBLIC/GERMANY 
The CBC Programme for the Czech Republic co-finances actions of a structural nature 
in the border regions of Northern and Western Bohemia which have a common border 
with the Federal Republic of Germany. The EU contribution to the programme will 
amount to 25 MECU. 
The aim of the programme is to contribute to the integration process started under the 
Europe agreements through the promotion of cross border co-operation between the 
Czech Republic and Germany. 
The focus of the 1994 Programme is on investment projects aimed at the improvement 
of environment and transport infrastructure. Measures cover the improvement of water 
and air quality in the border regions adjacent to Germany, and the upgrading of road 
and rail infrastructure at border crossing points. 
ESTONIA/DENMARK 
The aim of the Estonian Government to establish close links with the EU and its 
Member States was reflected in the signing of the Trade and Co-operation Agreement 
in mid-1994. Links with Denmark are encompassed in the 1992 Agreement on the 
Development of Economic, Industrial and Technical Co-operation. For both countries, 
the environmental protection of the Baltic Sea is a primary cross border issue. The 
International Financial institutions are heavily involved in financing environmental 
sector projects aimed at the reduction of Baltic Sea pollution. 
The objectives of the Cross Border Co-operation Programme in Estonia are to provide 
both practical measures for environmental protection and for the encouragement of 
joint Danish/Estonian co-operation in institutional development in the area of social 
welfare. The 1994 Programme comprises three projects: two environmental projects 
on hazardous waste management and contaminated water treatment, and the 
development of a new comprehensive approach to care for the elderly based on Danish 
experience. The Programme requires an EU contribution of 3 MECU. 
The 1994 Programme principally involves the border region of Saaremaa. 
16 
LATVIA/DENMARK 
The Latvian Government attributes great importance to the co-operation between the 
countries which surround the Baltic Sea and their programme, formulated in close 
collaboration with the Danish authorities, gives special priority to projects aimed at the 
environmental improvement of the mutual maritime border between Latvia and 
Denmark. The strategy for the development of the border region between Latvia and 
Denmark derives from the Latvian Government's strategic environmental objectives 
and achieving closer links with the EU. 
The immediate objectives of the Cross Border Co-operation Programme in Latvia are 
to reduce pollution and heighten public awareness of environmental problems. This is 
reflected in the programme for 1994 which is made up of three environmental projects, 
requiring an EU contribution of 3 MECU, dealing with waste water treatment, waste 
disposal, and the support of a media centre to help raise public awareness of 
environmental issues. The projects were agreed by the Joint Programming and 
Monitoring Committee established for the Programme. 
The eligible regions in 1994 were Liepaja, Ventspils, Jurmala and Riga. It is envisaged 
that the Programme could be extended to further regions in 1995 and beyond. 
LITHUANIA/DENMARK 
In the long term, Lithuania wishes to take advantage of its strategic location and play a 
role in the integration of transport services between Western Europe, the Baltic States 
and the CIS - linking Lithuania into the European transport network. The transport 
sector is a major priority within the Programme for the Economic Development of 
Lithuania. PHARE funding has already been provided for a series of actions in the 
transport sector, including assistance for the formulation of Port master Plan for 
Klaipeda which is the country's only ice-free port. The International Financial 
Institutions (World Bank, EIB and EBRD) are particularly active in supporting the 
development of Klaipeda Port. The maritime and island waterways through Klaipeda 
provide a main communications artery. 
This priority is reflected in the objectives for the Cross Border Co-operation 
Programme, formulated in close collaboration with the Danish authorities, which 
focus on: 
improving infrastructure, in particular communication facilities, the provision of port 
facilities and complementing the development of Trans-Europe networks 
enhancing the development of Lithuanian transport through the East-West maritime 
communication corridor. 
17 
Only one project is identified in the Lithuanian programme involving the 
modernisation of port facilities at Klaipeda. The programme requires an EU 
contribution of 5 MECU. 
The eligible regions under the 1994 Programme are: Kretinga, Gargazdai, Klaipeda 
and Kursiu Nerija. 
POLAND 
The Polish Government's strategy for the development of border regions, reflected in 
the 1994 Programme, is related to the primary national objective of achieving closer 
links with the EU as well as providing a bridge between the EU and the former Soviet 
republics. The Programme is in two parts covering the land border with Germany and 
the sea border with Denmark. 
Poland/Germany 
This part of the programme is concentrating on the development of Poland's western 
border region, adjacent to Germany. The objectives of the Polish Cross Border Co­
operation programme for 1994 are: 
to alleviate bottlenecks at border crossing points with Germany 
to stimulate development and economic co-operation of the border regions adjacent to 
Germany 
to promote higher education provision, particularly in the field of European studies in 
the border area. 
The 1994 programme comprises a total of seven projects which focus on "missing 
links" in transport infrastructure, in particular the construction and upgrading of border 
crossing points, whilst one educational project envisages the construction of university 
facilities. An EU contribution of 55 MECU is required for these projects. 
The regions eligible in the 1994 Programme are the voivodeships of Szczecin, 
Gorzow, Weilkopolski and Zielona Gora. 
18 
Poland/Denmark 
The sea border is seen as playing a significant role in Poland's integration into the EU. 
Therefore, the 1994 Programme puts particular stress on environmental and tourism 
development measures directly related to the Baltic Sea border which are seen as 
essential for the growth of future co-operation between partners. Poland and Denmark 
have a growing number of intergovernmental agreements and joint initiatives which 
have provided the foundations for the 1994 Programme. The objectives have been 
identified as: 
to further control and improve the quality of the water flowing into the Baltic 
to stimulate the economic development of the coastal border regions with Denmark 
to promote contacts between coastal neighbours through increased harbour capacity 
and visitor accommodation facilities 
The Programme includes three environmental projects involving effluent treatment, 
river management and coastal pollution monitoring, and one tourism project aimed at 
improving harbour facilities. A contribution of 3.75 MECU is required from the EU, 
of this 0.75 mecu is provided from the Multi-disciplinary Programme. 
The regions eligible under the 1994 Programme are the voivodeships of Szczecin, 
Koszalin, Slupsk and Gdansk. 
SLOVENIA/ITALY 
The development of the Slovenian border region adjacent to Italy has taken on 
particular importance in recent years. Independence, and the continuing hostilities to 
the south, have resulted in increased east-west traffic, causing bottlenecks at the 
existing international border crossings. The introduction of new environmental 
protection and management policies have resulted in important initiatives being taken 
in the border regions adjacent to Italy. The introduction of regional policy has made 
some of the disadvantaged border regions eligible for assistance. The improvement of 
border crossings, local transport infrastructure, water management and environmental 
protection in the border region are seen as important factors contributing to sustainable 
economic development within the region and throughout the economy as a whole. 
The Slovenian programme includes a total of 10 projects concerning three measures: 
transport infrastructure, environment and agriculture. The majority of projects concern 
the improvement of border crossing infrastructure, the modernisation of port facilities, 
and road improvements. 
19 
The two environmental projects provide support for joint river and water management. 
The agricultural measure is a pilot project providing for the establishment of fruit 
orchards. The EU contribution to the Programme will be 4 MECU. 
The eligible regions of Slovenia are Koper, Nova Gorica and Toimin which have a 
common border with Italy and the Friuli-Venezia-Guilia Region in particular. 
ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMME 
The Environment Programme is aimed at facilitating high priority environmental 
capital investments with a high cross border impact undertaken by the CEEC with the 
cooperation of an International Financial institution and/or an EU Member State. It is 
intended that the PHARE funding will help to speed up the project appraisal and 
project preparation period, and to provide essential assistance for the implementation 
of certain projects. The measures covered will address: the abatement of air pollution, 
waste water treatment, water management and the environmental component in 
transport projects. 
The different projects to be financed through the CBC Programme have been 
identified as priorities by the CEE partners and fall within the criteria identified in the 
Environmental Action Plan for Europe. Implementation will be organised directly by 
the European Commission. 
The EU contribution of 3 mecu will be invested over a three year period, 1994/97, in 
nine projects in Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Poland and Bulgaria. A full list of the 
projects is provided in Annex 3, table 10. 
MULTI-DISCIPLINARY PROGRAMME 
The Multi-disciplinary programme provides an EU contribution of 2 mecu to finance 
technical cooperation, training, trade and investment promotion operations. The 
objective is to: 
ensure the speedy and effective utilisation of aid by permitting essential tasks related 
to the preparation and execution of the PHARE programme to be carried out quickly; 
respond to urgent requirements from the recipient countries for limited training, trade 
and investment promotion operations to improve skills and economic relations with 
the Community 
20 
improve the Commission's capacity to deal with problems arising in the recipient 
countries. 
This measure is intended to cover the costs of: feasibility, technical and other studies; 
experts and consultancy; small scale training; small scale training; supporting 
institution building; and small scale information dissemination activities. 
Projects identified so far under this programme include: the allocation of 0.75 mecu to 
assist the implementation of the maritime borders programme for Poland/Denmark; 
1.0 mecu for technical assistance for the implementation of the Cross Border 
programme as a whole; and the remainder to form a reserve lor training programmes. 
INTER-REGIONAL COOPERATION PROGRAMME 
The Inter-regional Cooperation Programme builds upon the existing 
ECOS/OUVERTURE scheme of the EU. For the first time funding is provided for 
local and regional authorities in all of the PHARE beneficiary countries for 
participation in cooperation projects with EU partners. The initiative will be 
implemented through the existing management arrangements of ECOS/OUVERTURE 
in order to strengthen inter-regional cooperation with minimum delay. It is intended 
that the creation of a long term basis for inter-regional cooperation will be explored. 
The main objectives of the Inter-regional Cooperation programme are: 
to strengthen the participation of CEEC regions and cities in inter-regional 
cooperation projects with EU counterparts, through the provision of financial support 
to the CEEC partners; 
to build upon the successful ECOS/OUVERTURE scheme and to gradually adapt it to 
the needs and priorities of CEEC partners; 
to assist in developing the capability of local and regional authorities in CEEC 
countries to engage in inter-regional cooperation; 
to initiate the creation of a long term basis for the stimulation of inter-regional 
cooperation between CEEC countries and with EU Member States. 
21 
Two measures are provided for under the Programme: 
i) Project Support - 1.8 mecu will contribute to support inter-regional 
cooperation projects which meet the normal ECOS/OUVERTURE conditions 
- 108 proposals submitted to ECOS/OUVERTURE have been adopted for 
initial complementary support; 
ii) Programme Management and Technical Assistance - a contribution of 0.2 
mecu is to be provided to supplement the existing arrangements for the 
management of the ECOS/OUVERTURE programme to ensure the immediate 
activation of the PHARE inter-regional cooperation initiative 
In parallel to these actions, additional financial resources of 2 Mecu - of which 0,5 
for the management and technical assistance and 1,5 for the projects - have been set 
aside in the framework of PHARE in order to support cooperation activities of the 
Central European Countries in the energy field, undertaken under Ecos / 
OUVERTURE. 
22 
Section 5. Conclusions 
Introduction 
5.1. The 1994 PHARE Cross Border Co-operation Programme has been a success. In spite 
of an uncertain start, and at very short notice, the governments of the PHARE 
countries concerned have designated the authority which would be responsible for the 
programme, and set up internal consultation mechanisms including line ministries and 
regional authorities with a view of preselecting projects; the relevant EU Member 
State and CEEC started to discuss, using existing or new discussion FORA and to 
jointly identify measures and projects; a legal basis for the programme has been 
worked out; and the 150 mecu allocated by the European Parliament has been fully 
committed by November, 1994. Most projects involve infrastructure works associated 
with transport or the environment but projects in other fields such as 
telecommunications, energy, education and the social sector have also been selected; 
in several cases implementation has already started. The complementary funding for 
the ECOS/OUVERTURE initiative made available through the Programme is 
supporting more than 100 inter-regional cooperation projects between regions and 
cities in the EU and the CEEC. This has been particularly valuable in contributing to 
one of the basic aims of the Programme: encouraging cooperation, contacts and 
dialogue between the people within the border regions. 
5.2. In many respects 1994 has been a transitional year as far as the Cross Border 
Cooperation Programme is concerned. The Programme will need to be adapted for the 
1995-99 period to take on the multi-annual character decided by the European 
Council in Essen and to achieve better coherence with INTERREG II. In view of the 
procedural and structural differences between the INTERREG and PHARE CBC 
programmes, a joint planning effort will be needed to achieve a maximum level of 
cohesion. 
Funding 
5.3. The budgetary provision for 1995 has now been adopted by the European Parliament 
with the overall figure for PHARE CBC remaining at the same level as last year, plus 
some additions for new borders following the EU enlargement on 01.01.1995. For 
planning purposes it can be assumed that this level of funding will remain largely 
unchanged for the period 1996 to 1999. A move to greater co-financing will be 
encouraged as well as greater use of sources other than INTERREG, particularly 
national funds and resources from international financial institutions. 
23 
Eligible Actions and Areas 
5.4. Eligible actions as defined in article 5 of Commission Regulation 1628/94, are likely 
to remain in line with those specified in the Financing Proposals for 1994. Although 
the need for continued provisions in the field of infrastructure will remain, a greater 
level of diversification is expected with more soft actions being introduced gradually 
and above all complementarity and synergy with actions set up at the other side of the 
border. 
5.5. Eligible border areas corresponding to INTERREG designations are in the process of 
being defined by the national governments of the Central and Eastern European 
countries. It is expected that the degree of precision adopted in the INTERREG 
Programme (on the basis of NUTS III) will inspire the identification of CBC Regions. 
With the accession of Austria to the European Union, four new border regions - with 
the Czech Republic, Slovenia, Slovakia and Hungary - will need to be defined. As to 
the Baltic Sea, a multilateral approach including the 4 EU Member States and the 4 
CEEC concerned has been worked out for the 1995-1999 period. 
PHARE CBC/INTERREG Cooperation 
Indicative Multi-Annual Programmes 
5.6. The Cross-Border cooperation should be based on a joint long term crossborder 
development strategy, considering the border regions concerned as one single 
geographical unit. In order to assure complementarity and coherence between PHARE 
CBC and Interreg II central and eastern European countries will need to operate on the 
basis of indicative multi-annual programmes (MIP), as a mirror image of the Member 
States' INTERREG Operational Programmes (OP). Both the MIP and the OP should 
be consistent wiht the CBC development strategy. The MIP be the framework for 
annual Financing Proposals to be submitted each year in view of formal approval of 
annual sections of the programme. Whilst the MIP and the OP should contain identical 
priority axes, the measures covered by these axes, will often diverge, reflecting the 
different stages of development and different priorities at either side of the border. 
5.7. Cooperation arrangements between the partner countries are being worked out aiming 
at : 
- providing a reference framework of agreed objectives and fields of cooperation to 
allow specific programming and implementation within the INTERREG and PHARE 
procedures; 
- establishing the necessary institutional machinery for coordinated and possibly joint 
operation of CBC activities. 
24 
These cooperation arrangements will cover a number of key points, including key 
long/short term objectives for cooperation, priorities and indicative measures as well 
as a financial framework for cooperation covering the whole of the multi-annual 
programming period, 1995-99. In addition, these arrangements will specify 
institutional arrangements, including the establishment of a Joint Programming and 
Monitoring Committee and standard arrangements for measure/project implementation 
wherever this should be done jointly. 
Future Co-operation 
5.8 The Essen Council, when adopting the Report from the Council on a strategy to 
prepare for the accession of the associated CEEC, recognised that intra-regional 
cooperation and promotion of "bon voisinage" will constitute concrete measures which 
will contribute to the realisation of this strategy. Its decision to establish the CBC 
programme on a multi-annual basis will allow for a better coherence with the EU 
Structural Funds. Moreover, the European Council decided to extend the geographical 
scope of the multi-annual crossborder cooperation programme to regions along CEEC-
CEEC and CEEC-CIS borders. Since these border regions are not eligible for co-
financing schemes under the PHARE-Interreg programme, appropriate co-financing 
schemes will have to be elaborated which may include a.o. funds from PHARE, from 
the national budgets of the countries concerned, from IFI's and from TACIS (if 
permitted by the TACIS regulation). The geographical extension of the programme for 
interregional cooperation towards the CIS will also have to be looked upon. 
25 
Annexes 
ANNEX 1 Cross Border Cooperation Projects financed by PHARE in 1993 
ANNEX 2 Cross Border Co-operation Programme, 1994 
ANNEX 3 1994 Programme - Measures, Projects and Costs by Country and Sector 
26 
ANNEX 1 
CROSS BORDER CO-OPERATION PROJECTS FINANCED BY PHARE IN 1993 
ICOUNTRY I PROJECTS 1 MECU 
ALBANIA Border Crossing at Kakavia/Ktismata 0.5 
l BULGARIA Environmental Study, Mesta (Nestos) River 0.7 
Czech Border Crossing in Folmava and Bavaria 1.5 
Republic 
Northern Bohemia - Saxony Regional Programme 
including the following cross border impact 1.72 
activities: 
- Cargo Railway Crossing at Vejprty 
- Border Crossing at Mnisek 
- Border Crossing at Moldava 
- Ferry Connection Reiharsdorf/Schona-Hrensko 
- Border Crossing at C. Potok-Johstadt 
- New Tourist Track Loucna-Oberweisenthal 
f -Joint Sewerage system for Cesky Jiretin village 
- Waste water purification plant Moldava 
- Disposal of Waste Water Petrovice-Bahratal 
- Waste water purification Vejprty-Barenstein 
- Border Tourist Path Brandov-Olbernhan 
- Landscape Protection in Cinovec-Petrovice area 
POLAND Border Crossing (bridge) in Olzyne- Forst 6.8 
Border Crossing at Kalboskowo, Route E28 
2.8 
TOTAL PHARE 14.02 
I FUNDING I 1 
27 
ANNEX2 
TABLE 1. CROSS BORDER CO-OPERATION PROGRAMMES, 1994 
PROGRAMME " I EU CONTRIBUTION I TOTAL COST | 
(mecu) (mecu) I 
ALBANIA/GREECE/ITALY 20.00 ~ 24.05 
BULGARIA/GREECE 2^00 65T2 
CZECH REPUBLIC/GERMANY 25.00 55.34 
ESTONIA/DENMARK ^00 ^97 
LATVIA/DENMARK 3M 3.979 
LITHUANIA/DENMARK 5J00 7.50 
POLAND/DENMARK 3.751 8.07 
POLAND/GERMANY 55.00 148.60 
SLOVENIA/ITALY ^00 5T73 
IENVIRONMENT ^00 ma. 
MULTIDISCIPLINARY 1.252 n.a. 
INTER-REGIONAL 2.00 n.a. 
COOPERATION 
TOTAL 150.00 | n.a. 
xThe sum of 0.75 mecu was transferred to the Polish/Danish 
Programme from the Multi-disciplinary programme 
22.0 mecu was originally allocated to the Multi-
disciplinary Programme but 0.75 mecu was transferred to the 
Polish/Danish programme to cover maritime borders 
28 
ANNEX 2 
TABLE 2. CROSS BORDER CO-OPERATION PROGRAMME, 1994 
BY SECTOR EXPENDITURE 
| SECTOR EU I TOTAL COST 
CONTRIBUTION (mecu) 
(mecu) 
TRANSPORT 89.229 186.346 
ENVIRONMENT 34/73 68.899 
SOCIAL WELFARE O50 062 
ENERGY 7^40 22.59 
TELECOMMUNICATIONS 1.10 UO 
EDUCATION & TRAINING ^00 35.70 
TOURISM L90 ^845 
AGRICULTURE 0191 0.272 
PROGRAMME MANAGEMENT ^55 4^55 
RESERVES 015 015 
SECTOR - ENVIRONMENT 3ti ma. 
SECTOR - MULTIDISCIPLINARY L25 iu. 
SECTOR - INTER-REGIONAL 2.00 n.a. 
COOPERATION 
1 TOTAL ~ 150.00 | n.a. 
29 
ANNEX 3- TABLE 1 
1994 PROGRAMME - ALBANIA/GREECE/ITALY: MEASURES, PROJECTS AND 
COSTS 
MEASURE 1: TRANSPORT 
[ PROJECT === 1 EU I TOTAL COST | 
CONTRIBUTION 
Durres-Rrogozhine (road upgrading) 11.75 MECU 11.75 MECU 
Kapshtice-Pogradeci (road rehabilitation) 
Kakavia-Rrogozhine (feasibility study 5.25 MECU 9.30 MECU 
and road improvements) 
Tre Urat and Konispoli (improvement of 0.50 MECU 0.50 MECU 
border crossing facilities) 
Kapshtica (border crossing infrastructure) 
1.40 MECU 1.40 MECU 
0.60 MECU 0.60 MECU 
TOTAL 19.50 MECU ~ 23.55 MECU 
PROGRAMME MANAGEMENT 0.50 MECU 
TOTAL 20.00 MECU 24.05 MECU 
ANNEX 3: TABLE 2 
1994 PROGRAMME - LATVIA/DENMARK: MEASURES, PROJECTS AND COSTS 
MEASURE 1: ENVIRONMENT | PROJECT ' T|EU " I TOTAL COST 
CONTRIBUTION 
Jurmala (Waste water treatment project) 1.900 MECU 2.370 MECU 
Riga (AV Environmental 
Communication Centre 0.310 MECU 0.319 MECU 
Riga (Hazardous waste disposal) 
O.600MECU 1.100 MECU 
J TOTAL 1 2.810 MECU | 3.789 MECU 
PROGRAMME MANAGEMENT 0.190 MECU 
TOTAL 3.000 MECU 3.979 MECU 
30 
ANNEX 3: TABLE 3 
1994 PROGRAMME - LITHUANIA/DENMARK: MEASURES, PROJECTS AND COSTS 
MEASURE 1: TRANSPORT 
PROJECT I EU I TOTAL COST 
CONTRIBUTION 
Klaipeda (RoRo Terminal) 4.9 MECU 7.4 MECU 
TOTAL I 4.9 MECU ~ 7.4 MECU 
PROGRAMME MANAGEMENT 
TOTAL 0.1 MECU 
5.0 MECU 7.5 MECU 
ANNEX 3: TABLE 4 
1994 PROGRAMME - ESTONIA/DENMARK: MEASURES, PROJECTS AND COSTS 
MEASURE 1 : ENVIRONMENT 
I PROJECT I EU I TOTAL COST I 
CONTRIBUTION 
Hazardous Waste Management 2.26 MECU 6.11 MECU 
Mobile ground water Treatment (Feasibility 0.14 MECU 0.14 MECU 
Study) 
I TOTAL | 2.40 MECU 6.25 MECU | 
MEASURE 2: SOCIAL WELFARE 
I PROJECT " " I EU I TOTAL COST I 
CONTRIBUTION 
Saaremaa (Home for the Elderly) 0.50 MECU 0.62 MECU 
I TOTAL 1 0.50 MECU | 0.62 MECU | 
PROGRAMME MANAGEMENT 0.10 MECU 
TOTAL 3.00 MECU 6.97 MECU 
31 
ANNEX 3: TABLE 5 
1994 PROGRAMME - BULGARIA/GREECE: MEASURES, PROJECTS AND COSTS 
MEASURE 1: TRANSPORT 
I PROJECT I EU I TOTAL COST 
CONTRIBUTION 
Dupnitza-Kulata (railway) 4.50 MECU 15.80 MECU 
Kulata (Border Crossing) 0.78 MECU 0.78 MECU 
1 TOTAL 5.28 MECU 16.58 MECU 
MEASURE 2: ENERGY 
I PROJECT ' "" ' I EU I TOTAL COST 
CONTRIBUTION 
Study of Joint Operation of Power Systems 0.40 MECU 0.40 MECU 
Kozloduy (conservation of wastes) 
Ichtiman-Stara Zagora (gas pipeline) 4.00 MECU 19.19 MECU 
3.00 MECU 3.00 MECU 
I TOTAL I 7.40 MECU | 22.59 MECU | 
MEASURE 3; ENVIRONMENT 
I PROJECT ' ' I EU I TOTAL COST I 
CONTRIBUTION 
Waste Water Treatment Plants (Stara 7.00 MECU 19.95 MECU 
Zagora, Haskovo and Dimitrovgrad) 
River Water Monitoring System (Maritsa, 
Mesta, Struma and Taouza) 0.40 MECU 0.80 MECU 
River Protection Study (Arda and Luda 
Basins) 
Water Supply Systems (Pamporovo and 0.52 MECU 0.80 MECU 
Sandanski) 
3.00 MECU 3.00 MECU 
TOTAL 10.92 MECU 24.55 MECU 
MEASURE 4: TELECOMMUNICATIONS 
I PROJECT I EU I TOTAL COST 
CONTRIBUTION 
Kavala-Haskovo (Fibre Optic Cable Link) 1.10 MECU 1.10 MECU 
I TOTAL I 1.10 MECU | 1.10 MECU | 
PROGRAMME MANAGEMENT 0.30 MECU 
TOTAL 25.00 MECU 64.82 MECU 
32 
ANNEX 3: TABLE 6 
1994 PROGRAMME - CZECH REPUBLIC: MEASURES, PROJECTS AND COSTS 
MEASURE 1: TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE AT BORDER CROSSINGS 
I PROJECT I EU I TOTAL COST 
CONTRIBUTION 
Cheb(rail) 8.9 MECU 25.14 MECU 
Zelezna (road) 1.0 MECU 1.10 MECU 
1 TOTAL J 9.9 MECU | 26.24 MECÛ 
MEASURE 2: ENVIRONMENTAL INFRASTRUCTURE 
I PROJECT " : I EU I TOTAL COST I 
CONTRIBUTION 
Vresova-Nejdek (steam pipeline) 4.9 MECU 6.4 MECU 
Usti n. Ladem (sewer) 
Hradek n. Nisou (sewerage plant) 2.9 MECU 7.4 MECU 
Rumburk (sewer) 1.2 MECU 2.3 MECU 
Steti (oxygen delignification) 
1.9 MECU 2.5 MECU 
4.1 MECU 10.4 MECU 
TOTAL 15.0 MECU 29.0 MECU | 
PROGRAMME MANAGEMENT 0.1 MECU 
TOTAL PROGRAMME 25.0 MECU 55.24 MECU 
33 
ANNEX 3: TABLE 7 
1994 PROGRAMME - POLAND/GERMANY: MEASURES, PROJECTS AND COSTS 
MEASURE 1: TRANSPORT 
PROJECT I EU I TOTAL COST 
CONTRIBUTION 
Gubinek 16.0 MECU 23.0 MECU 
Kolbaskowo 10.0 MECU 10.0 MECU 
IOlszyna 15.0 MECU 35.0 MECU 
Osinow Dolny 1.2 MECU 1.2 MECU 
Radomierzyce 0.3 MECU 0.5 MECU 
Swiecko 5.5 MECU 40.2 MECU I 
1 TOTAL I 48.0 MECU ~~ 109.9 MECU | MEASURE 2: EDUCATION AND TRAINING 
I PROJECT " I EU I TOTAL COST I 
CONTRIBUTION 
Viadrina 4.0 MECU 35.7 MECU 
1 TOTAL 1 4.0 MECU | 35.7 MECU | 
PROGRAMME MANAGEMENT 3.0 MECU 
TOTAL 55.0 MECU 148.6 MECU 
34 
ANNEX 3: TABLE 8 
1994 PROGRAMME - POLAND/DENMARK: MEASURES, PROJECTS AND COSTS 
MEASURE 1: ENVIRONMENT 
PROJECT ' [ EU I TOTAL COST 
CONTRIBUTION 
Bialogora (Effluent treatment) 0.535 MECU 0.715 MECU 
Parseta (River Management) 0.945 MECU 3.945 MECU 
Szczecin (Coastal Monitor) 0.220 MECU 0.415 MECU 
TOTAL ~T700MECU | 5.075 MECU 
MEASURE 2: TOURISM 
I PROJECT ===== === I EU I TOTAL COST 
CONTRIBUTION 
Leba (Harbour Works) 1.900 MECU 2.845 MECU 
I TOTAL 1 1.900 MECU | 2.845 MECU | 
RESERVE 0.150 MECU 
TOTAL 3.750 MECU 8.07 MECU 
35 
ANNEX 3: TABLE 9 
1994 PROGRAMME - SLOVENIA/ITALY: MEASURES, PROJECTS AND COSTS 
MEASURE 1: TRANSPORT 
PROJECT I EU = I TOTAL COST 
CONTRIBUTION 
Robic (border crossing) 0.362 MECU 0.548 MECU 
Neblo (border crossing) 0.095 MECU 0.118 MECU 
Ratece (border crossing) 0.069 MECU 0.115 MECU 
Piran (sea border crossing) 0.164 MECU 0.329 MECU 
Zaga-Uceja (road) 0.198 MECU 0.300 MECU 
Volce-Solari (road) 0.705 MECU 0.940 MECU 
Temporary Purifying Plant 0.056 MECU 0.056 MECU 
TOTAL 1 1.649 MECU 2.406 MECU 
MEASURE 2: ENVIRONMENT 
PROJECT EU 
CONTRIBUTION TOTAL COST 
Timav River Catchment 
Nova Gorica (flood protection) 1.190 MECU 
0.710 MECU 1.440 MECU 
0.885 MECU 
TOTAL 1.900 MECU 2.235 MECU 
MEASURE 3: AGRICULTURE 
PROJECT | EU I TOTAL COST I 
CONTRIBUTION 
Toimin (Pilot Orchard) 0.191 MECU 0.272 MECU 
TOTAL I 0.191 MECU | 0.272 MECU | 
PROGRAMME MANAGEMENT 0.260 MECU 
TOTAL 4.000 MECU 4.913 MECU 
36 
ANNEX 3-TABLE 10 
1994 Environment Sector Programme - Projects and Costs 
CEEC 1 PROJECT I BUDGET 
Latvia Leipaja Coastal Waters 0.50 mecu 
Lithuania Klapeida Geothermal Plant 0.10 mecu 
Lithuania Klapeida Coastal Waters 0.50 mecu 
Estonia Haapsalu and Matsalu Bays 0.30 mecu 
Environmental Project 
Poland Gliwice District Heating System 0.30 mecu 
Poland Jelenia Gora Waste Water Treatment 0.30 mecu 
Poland Zeilona Gora Waste Water Treatment 0.30 mecu 
Bulgaria Environmental component to transport 0.10 mecu 
project 
Bulgaria Air pollution Abatement 0.30 mecu 
Reserve 0.09 mecu 
Management, audit 0.21 mecu 
and evaluation 
TOTAL 3.00 mecu ~ 
37 
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