Datasets:

daje

/

mistral_tokenized_en_wiki

like 0

ding ▁technique ▁operates ▁at ▁high ▁vibr ational ▁frequencies ▁( 1 0 - 7 0 ▁k Hz ) ▁and ▁low ▁amplitude . ▁The ▁direction ▁of ▁vibr ation ▁is ▁per pend icular ▁to ▁the ▁joint ▁surface , ▁but ▁can ▁also ▁be ▁parallel ▁to ▁the ▁joint ▁for ▁her metic ▁application . ▁Heat ▁is ▁generated ▁from ▁the ▁surface ▁and ▁inter m ole cular ▁fr iction ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁vibr ational . ▁On ▁the ▁surface ▁of ▁the ▁joint ▁there ▁are ▁small ▁as per ities ▁called ▁energy ▁directors , ▁where ▁the ▁vibr ational ▁energy ▁concentr ates ▁and ▁indu ces ▁mel ting . ▁Design ▁of ▁the ▁energy ▁director ▁and ▁optim ized ▁parameters ▁can ▁be ▁critical ▁to ▁improve ▁the ▁quality ▁of ▁the ▁w eld ▁to ▁reducing ▁any ▁fiber ▁dis ruption ▁during ▁wel ding . ▁Energy ▁directors ▁that ▁are ▁tri angular ▁or ▁semi - circle ▁often ▁achieve ▁the ▁highest ▁strength . ▁With ▁optim ize ▁wel ding ▁parameters ▁and ▁joint ▁design ▁w eld ▁strength , ▁up ▁to ▁ 8 0 % ▁of ▁the ▁base ▁material ▁can ▁be ▁retained ▁for ▁advanced ▁therm opl astic ▁compos ites . ▁However , ▁wel ding ▁can ▁cause ▁damage ▁to ▁the ▁fib ers , ▁which ▁will ▁result ▁in ▁prem ature ▁failure . ▁Ul tr ason ic ▁wel ding ▁of ▁advanced ▁therm opl astic ▁compos ites ▁is ▁used ▁for ▁making ▁autom otive ▁parts , ▁medical ▁devices ▁and ▁battery ▁housing . ▁ ▁Th erm al ▁wel ding ▁ ▁Th erm al ▁wel ding ▁can ▁produce ▁good ▁w eld ▁quality ▁although ▁extra ▁prec aut ions ▁need ▁to ▁be ▁taken ▁to ▁prevent ▁high

▁resid ual ▁stress , ▁war ping , ▁and ▁de co hes ion . ▁Other ▁thermal ▁wel ding ▁techniques ▁are ▁not ▁commonly ▁used ▁due ▁their ▁high ▁heat ▁input , ▁which ▁can ▁damage ▁the ▁composite . ▁ ▁Las er ▁wel ding ▁ ▁Las er ▁wel ding ▁of ▁advanced ▁therm opl astic ▁compos ites ▁is ▁a ▁process ▁by ▁which ▁the ▁L AS ER ▁( Light ▁Am pl ification ▁of ▁Sim ulated ▁Em ission ▁of ▁elect romag netic ▁Rad iation ), ▁a ▁highly ▁focused ▁co herent ▁beam ▁of ▁light ▁mel ts ▁the ▁composite ▁tin ▁various ▁ways . ▁Taking ▁advantage ▁of ▁joint ▁design ▁and ▁material ▁properties , ▁las ers ▁can ▁be ▁applied ▁either ▁directly ▁or ▁indirect ly ▁to ▁create ▁the ▁wel ded ▁joint . ▁There ▁are ▁processing ▁methods ▁that ▁take ▁advantage ▁of ▁material ▁structure / properties ▁to ▁create ▁the ▁w eld ▁joint . ▁Wel ding ▁variables ▁affect ▁w eld ▁quality ▁in ▁both ▁positive ▁and ▁negative ▁ways ▁depending ▁on ▁how ▁they ▁are ▁manip ulated . ▁ ▁Las er ▁heating ▁mechanism ▁in ▁matter ▁ ▁When ▁a ▁laser ▁beam ▁imp ing es ▁on ▁a ▁material , ▁it ▁exc ites ▁elect rons ▁in ▁the ▁outer ▁most ▁shell ▁of ▁the ▁atom . ▁The ▁return ▁of ▁those ▁elect rons ▁to ▁the ▁relaxed ▁state ▁indu ces ▁thermal ▁heating ▁through ▁conversion ▁to ▁vibr ational ▁states ▁which ▁propag ate ▁to ▁the ▁surrounding ▁material . ▁ ▁Join ing ▁methods ▁for ▁laser ▁wel ding ▁ ▁Sur face ▁heating ▁ ▁This ▁method ▁involves ▁using ▁in fr ared ▁radiation ▁to ▁heat ▁the ▁surfaces ▁the ▁compos ites ▁to ▁be ▁wel ded ▁and

▁then ▁cl amp ing ▁until ▁ ▁and ▁holding ▁the ▁parts ▁together . ▁ ▁IR / L aser ▁stack ing ▁ ▁This ▁method ▁involves ▁laser ▁mel ting ▁a ▁poly mer ▁post ▁and ▁pressing ▁a ▁die ▁into ▁the ▁mol ten ▁post ▁to ▁create ▁a ▁riv et - like ▁button ▁to ▁joint ▁materials ▁like ▁met als . ▁This ▁process ▁can ▁be ▁used ▁to ▁join ▁metall ic ▁joint s ▁to ▁composite ▁structures . ▁ ▁Through ▁Trans mission ▁IR ▁wel ding ▁( T TI r ) ▁ ▁This ▁method ▁util izes ▁one ▁laser ▁transparent ▁( LT ) ▁and ▁one ▁laser ▁absor bing ▁( LA ) ▁material . ▁Typ ically , ▁the ▁components ▁are ▁lay ered ▁as ▁a ▁sandwich ▁with ▁the ▁laser ▁beam ▁passing ▁through ▁the ▁L T ▁layer ▁and ▁ir rad i ating ▁the ▁surface ▁of ▁the ▁LA . ▁ ▁This ▁creates ▁a ▁melt ▁layer ▁at ▁the ▁interface ▁of ▁two ▁components ▁leading ▁to ▁a ▁w eld . ▁ ▁Effect ▁of ▁Const itu ent ▁Properties ▁on ▁W eld ability ▁ ▁To ▁understand ▁how ▁the ▁properties ▁of ▁a ▁composite ▁affect ▁is ▁w eld ability , ▁the ▁effects ▁of ▁the ▁individual ▁constitu ents ▁( f iber , ▁matrix , ▁add it ives , ▁etc .) ▁need ▁to ▁be ▁understood . ▁The ▁effect ▁of ▁each ▁will ▁be ▁noted ▁separately ▁and ▁then ▁the ▁combined ▁effects ▁will ▁be ▁discussed . ▁ ▁Matrix ▁ ▁Elect romag netic ▁radiation ▁interaction ▁ ▁A ▁laser ▁beam ▁can ▁interact ▁in ▁one ▁of ▁three ▁ways ▁when ▁it ▁contacts ▁the ▁poly mer ▁matrix . ▁It ▁can ▁be ▁absorbed , ▁trans mitted

, ▁or ▁reflected . ▁The ▁amount ▁of ▁absorption ▁determines ▁the ▁amount ▁of ▁energy ▁available ▁for ▁wel ding . ▁The ▁reflect ivity ▁is ▁affected ▁by ▁the ▁index ▁of ▁ref raction ▁according ▁to ▁this ▁relation : ▁, ▁where ▁n ▁is ▁the ▁index ▁of ▁ref raction ▁of ▁the ▁poly mer ▁and ▁m ▁is ▁the ▁index ▁of ▁ref raction ▁of ▁air .. ▁ ▁Abs or ption ▁can ▁be ▁affected ▁by ▁the ▁following ▁structural ▁characteristics ▁of ▁the ▁poly mer ▁to ▁be ▁discussed ▁below : ▁cryst all inity , ▁chemical ▁bond ing , ▁and ▁concentration ▁of ▁add it ives . ▁ ▁Cry st all inity ▁ ▁Incre ased ▁cryst all inity ▁tends ▁to ▁cause ▁lower ▁laser ▁beam ▁transmission ▁because ▁of ▁scattering ▁caused ▁by ▁changes ▁in ▁the ▁index ▁of ▁ref raction ▁encountered ▁when ▁going ▁from ▁one ▁phase ▁to ▁the ▁next ▁or ▁because ▁of ▁changing ▁cryst all ographic ▁orientation . ▁Incre ased ▁cryst all inity ▁can ▁cause ▁the ▁transmission ▁to ▁increase ▁mon oton ically ▁as ▁a ▁function ▁of ▁poly mer ▁thickness . ▁The ▁relationship ▁follows ▁the ▁Lam bert - B ou ug er ' s ▁Law : ▁, ▁where ▁▁ ▁is ▁the ▁intensity ▁of ▁the ▁laser ▁beam ▁at ▁a ▁given ▁depth ▁or ▁thickness , ▁t . ▁ ▁is ▁the ▁intensity ▁of ▁laser ▁beam ▁at ▁its ▁source . ▁ ▁is ▁the ▁absorption ▁constant ▁of ▁the ▁poly mer . ▁ ▁By ▁the ▁same ▁token , ▁am orph ous ▁pol ym ers ▁lack ▁this ▁trend ▁with ▁thickness . ▁ ▁Chem ical ▁bond ing ▁ ▁Pol ym ers ▁absorb ▁E MR ▁( E lect ro

▁Mag netic ▁Rad iation ) ▁in ▁a ▁specific ▁w avelength ▁of ▁light ▁depending ▁on ▁what ▁functional ▁groups ▁are ▁present ▁on ▁the ▁poly mer . ▁For ▁instance , ▁b ending ▁of ▁the ▁C - H ▁bond ▁on ▁the ▁ ▁at ▁ 6 8 0 0 ▁n m . ▁ ▁Many ▁pol ym ers ▁have ▁vibr ational ▁modes ▁at ▁w avelength s ▁greater ▁than ▁ 1 1 0 0 ▁n m , ▁so ▁to ▁apply ▁methods ▁such ▁as ▁T TI r , ▁laser ▁sources ▁must ▁produce ▁phot ons ▁at ▁w avelength s ▁shorter ▁than ▁that . ▁Therefore , ▁N d : Y AG ▁las ers ▁( 1 0 6 4 ▁n m ) ▁and ▁ ▁di ode ▁las ers ▁( 8 0 0 - 9 5 0 ▁n m ) ▁can ▁pass ▁through ▁the ▁L T ▁until ▁they ▁imp inge ▁on ▁the ▁intended ▁modified ▁poly mer ▁or ▁add itive ▁that ▁results ▁in ▁absorption , ▁ ▁whereas ▁CO _ 2 ▁las ers ▁( 1 0 , 6 4 0 ▁n m ) ▁will ▁be ▁absorbed ▁too ▁easily ▁as ▁it ▁passes ▁through ▁the ▁L T . ▁ ▁Rein force ments ▁ ▁Rein force ments ▁such ▁as ▁fib ers ▁or ▁short ▁particles . ▁Rein for cing ▁fib ers ▁can ▁be ▁added ▁to ▁increase ▁the ▁strength ▁of ▁a ▁composite . Some ▁reinforce ments ▁like ▁carbon ▁fib ers ▁have ▁high ▁thermal ▁conduct ivity ▁and ▁can ▁diss ip ate ▁the ▁heat ▁of ▁wel ding , ▁thus ▁requiring ▁more ▁energy ▁input ▁than ▁with ▁other ▁reinforce ment ▁materials ▁such ▁as ▁glass . ▁Glass

▁reinforce ments ▁can ▁cause ▁scattering ▁of ▁the ▁beam . The ▁orientation ▁of ▁the ▁continuous ▁fib ers ▁can ▁affect ▁the ▁width ▁of ▁wel ds ▁being ▁made . ▁When ▁the ▁wel ding ▁direction ▁is ▁parallel ▁to ▁the ▁orientation ▁of ▁the ▁fib ers , ▁the ▁w eld ▁width ▁is ▁usually ▁narrow er ▁due ▁to ▁heat ▁being ▁channel ed ▁through ▁the ▁fib ers ▁to ▁the ▁front ▁and ▁the ▁rear ▁of ▁the ▁w eld . ▁▁ ▁Incre ased ▁volume ▁fraction ▁of ▁reinforce ments ▁such ▁as ▁glass ▁can ▁scatter ▁the ▁laser ▁beam , ▁thus ▁allowing ▁less ▁to ▁be ▁trans mitted ▁to ▁the ▁w eld ▁joint . ▁When ▁this ▁happens , ▁the ▁amount ▁of ▁energy ▁necessary ▁to ▁f use ▁the ▁joint ▁may ▁increase . ▁The ▁increase ▁if ▁not ▁done ▁carefully ▁can ▁cause ▁damage ▁to ▁the ▁transparent ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁T TI r ▁w eld ▁joint . ▁ ▁Add it ives ▁and ▁Fill ers ▁ ▁Some ▁add it ives ▁can ▁be ▁intention ally ▁added ▁to ▁absorb ▁laser ▁energy . ▁This ▁technique ▁is ▁especially ▁useful ▁in ▁concentr ating ▁the ▁w eld ▁joint ▁to ▁the ▁m ated ▁surfaces ▁of ▁two ▁materials ▁that ▁are ▁relatively ▁transparent ▁to ▁the ▁laser ▁beam . ▁For ▁example , ▁carbon ▁black ▁increases ▁absorption ▁of ▁the ▁laser ▁beam . ▁ ▁There ▁can ▁be ▁some ▁un int ended ▁consequences ▁of ▁using ▁these ▁absor bing ▁add it ives . ▁Incre asing ▁the ▁concentration ▁of ▁carbon ▁black ▁in ▁a ▁poly mer ▁can ▁decrease ▁the ▁depth ▁of ▁heating ▁and ▁increase ▁the ▁peak ▁temperature ▁at ▁the ▁w eld ▁joint . ▁Sur face ▁damage ▁can ▁occur

▁if ▁the ▁concentration ▁of ▁carbon ▁black ▁becomes ▁excessive . Some ▁add it ives ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁highly ▁select ive ▁materials ▁used ▁in ▁the ▁Clear w eld ▁process ▁are ▁applied ▁only ▁to ▁the ▁m ating ▁surfaces ▁between ▁the ▁pl ast ics ▁to ▁be ▁joined . ▁Some ▁of ▁the ▁chemicals ▁ ▁such ▁as ▁cy an ines ▁only ▁absorb ▁in ▁a ▁narrow ▁w avelength ▁band ▁centered ▁around ▁ 7 8 5 ▁n m . ▁This ▁method ology ▁initially ▁was ▁applied ▁only ▁to ▁pl ast ics , ▁but ▁has ▁recently ▁been ▁applied ▁to ▁compos ites ▁such ▁as ▁carbon ▁fiber ▁rein forced ▁P EE K . ▁ ▁Other ▁add it ives ▁called ▁clar ifiers ▁can ▁do ▁the ▁opposite ▁of ▁carbon ▁black ▁by ▁increasing ▁laser ▁beam ▁transmission ▁by ▁reducing ▁cryst all inity ▁in ▁pol ym ers . Des pite ▁the ▁fact ▁that ▁both ▁pig ments ▁and ▁d yes ▁can ▁both ▁add ▁color ▁to ▁a ▁poly mer , ▁they ▁behave ▁differently . ▁A ▁d ye ▁is ▁sol ub le ▁in ▁a ▁poly mer , ▁whereas ▁a ▁ ▁pig ment ▁is ▁not . ▁ ▁Wel ding ▁technique ▁compar isons ▁ ▁Cont our ▁Wel ding ▁( C W ) ▁vs ▁quasi - sim ultane ous ▁( Q S ) ▁ ▁During ▁T TI r , ▁although ▁it ▁takes ▁more ▁energy ▁per ▁unit ▁length ▁to ▁achieve ▁fusion ▁with ▁Q S ▁than ▁with ▁C W , ▁Q S ▁offers ▁the ▁advantage ▁of ▁achieving ▁higher ▁w eld ▁strength ▁and ▁w eld ability ▁of ▁low ▁trans miss ive ▁materials ▁such ▁as ▁continuous ▁glass ▁fiber ▁therm op

last ics . ▁Gre ater ▁strength ▁is ▁im part ed ▁because ▁full ▁fusion ▁is ▁achieved ▁without ▁dam aging ▁the ▁surface ▁of ▁the ▁transparent ▁material . ▁ ▁Elect romag netic ▁wel ding ▁ ▁Elect romag netic ▁wel ding ▁is ▁capable ▁of ▁wel ding ▁complex ▁parts ▁with ▁also ▁the ▁possibility ▁of ▁re op ening ▁wel ds ▁for ▁replacement ▁or ▁repair . ▁To ▁achieve ▁good ▁wel ds ▁the ▁design ▁of ▁the ▁co il ▁and ▁impl ant ▁is ▁important ▁for ▁uniform ▁heating . ▁ ▁Im plant ▁resistance ▁wel ding ▁ ▁Im plant ▁resistance ▁wel ding ▁can ▁be ▁a ▁low ▁cost ▁solution ▁for ▁wel ding ▁parts ▁that ▁are ▁flat ▁or ▁with ▁cur ved ▁surfaces . ▁The ▁heating ▁element ▁used ▁is ▁often ▁a ▁metal ▁mesh ▁or ▁carbon ▁stri ps , ▁which ▁provides ▁uniform ▁heating . ▁However , ▁advanced ▁therm opl astic ▁compos ites ▁that ▁contain ▁conduct ive ▁fib ers ▁can ’ t ▁be ▁used ▁due ▁to ▁unw anted ▁power ▁leak ages . ▁ ▁Im plant ▁indu ction ▁wel ding ▁ ▁Ind uction ▁wel ding ▁uses ▁a ▁impl ant ▁or ▁sus ceptor ▁that ▁is ▁placed ▁at ▁the ▁w eld ▁interface ▁and ▁embedded ▁with ▁conduct ive ▁material ▁such ▁as ▁metal ▁or ▁carbon ▁fib ers . ▁An ▁indu ction ▁co il ▁is ▁then ▁place ▁near ▁the ▁w eld ▁joint , ▁which ▁indu ces ▁a ▁current ▁in ▁embedded ▁in ▁the ▁material ▁used ▁to ▁generate ▁heat . ▁When ▁wel ding ▁carbon ▁fiber , ▁carbon ▁and ▁graph ite ▁fiber ▁m ats ▁with ▁higher ▁electrical ▁resistance ▁are ▁used ▁to ▁concentrate ▁the ▁heat ▁at ▁the ▁w eld

▁interface . ▁This ▁has ▁the ▁ability ▁to ▁w eld ▁complex ▁geometry ▁structures ▁with ▁great ▁w eld ▁strength . ▁ ▁Chall eng es ▁of ▁wel ding ▁advanced ▁therm opl astic ▁compos ites ▁ ▁The ▁heat ▁generated ▁during ▁wel ding ▁therm opl astic ▁composite , ▁indu ces ▁resid ual ▁stress es ▁in ▁the ▁joint . ▁These ▁stress es ▁can ▁greatly ▁reduce ▁the ▁strength ▁and ▁performance ▁of ▁the ▁part . ▁Upon ▁cooling ▁from ▁wel ding ▁the ▁matrix ▁and ▁fib ers ▁will ▁have ▁different ▁coefficients ▁of ▁thermal ▁expansion , ▁which ▁introdu ces ▁the ▁resid ual ▁stress . ▁Things ▁such ▁as ▁heat ▁input , ▁cooling ▁rates , ▁volume ▁fraction ▁of ▁the ▁fib ers , ▁and ▁matrix ▁material ▁will ▁influence ▁the ▁resid ual ▁stress . ▁Another ▁important ▁factor ▁to ▁consider ▁is ▁the ▁orientation ▁of ▁the ▁fib ers . ▁During ▁the ▁mol ten ▁state ▁of ▁wel ding , ▁fib ers ▁can ▁re orient ▁themselves ▁in ▁a ▁manner ▁that ▁reduces ▁w eld ▁strength . ▁ ▁Advanced ▁therm opl astic ▁compos ites ▁commonly ▁used ▁for ▁wel ding ▁▁▁ ▁Car bon ▁fiber ▁poly ether im ide ▁( CF / PE I ) ▁ ▁Car bon ▁fiber ▁pol yp hen yl ene ▁sul f ide ▁( CF / P PS ) ▁ ▁Car bon ▁fiber ▁poly ether ether ket one ▁( CF / PE E K ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : W el ding ▁Category : Material s ▁science <0x0A> </s> ▁H ede ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁H ede , ▁She y ang ▁County ▁( 合 德 镇 ), ▁town ▁in

▁and ▁seat ▁of ▁She y ang ▁County , ▁Ji ang su , ▁China ▁H éd é - B az ou ges , ▁commune ▁in ▁Il le - et - V il aine , ▁France ▁H ede , ▁Sweden , ▁local ity ▁in ▁H är jed alen ▁Municip ality , ▁J ä mt land ▁County ▁Deb or ah ▁H ede ▁( born ▁ 1 9 5 9 ), ▁American ▁artist <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 4 – 1 5 ▁Division ▁ 1 ▁F é min ine ▁season ▁was ▁the ▁ 4 1 st ▁since ▁its ▁establishment . ▁Ly on ▁were ▁the ▁defending ▁champions . ▁The ▁season ▁began ▁on ▁ 3 0 ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁and ▁ended ▁on ▁ 9 ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁The ▁winter ▁break ▁began ▁on ▁ 2 2 ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁and ▁ended ▁on ▁ 9 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁ ▁Te ams ▁▁ ▁There ▁were ▁three ▁promoted ▁teams ▁from ▁the ▁Division ▁ 2 ▁F é min ine , ▁the ▁second ▁level ▁of ▁women ' s ▁football ▁in ▁France , ▁replacing ▁the ▁three ▁teams ▁that ▁were ▁re leg ated ▁from ▁the ▁Division ▁ 1 ▁F é min ine ▁following ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 – 1 4 ▁season . ▁A ▁total ▁of ▁ 1 2 ▁teams ▁currently ▁compete ▁in ▁the ▁league ▁with ▁three ▁clubs ▁suffering ▁re leg ation ▁to ▁the ▁second ▁division , ▁Division ▁ 2 ▁F é min ine . ▁ ▁Te ams ▁promoted ▁to

▁ 2 0 1 4 – 1 5 ▁Division ▁ 1 ▁F é min ine ▁ ▁Al bi ▁ ▁Iss y ▁ ▁Met z ▁ ▁Te ams ▁re leg ated ▁to ▁ 2 0 1 4 – 1 5 ▁Division ▁ 2 ▁F é min ine ▁ ▁H én in - Be a um ont ▁ ▁M ure t ▁ ▁Y ze ure ▁ ▁Stad ia ▁and ▁locations ▁ ▁League ▁table ▁▁ ▁Note : ▁A ▁win ▁in ▁D 1 ▁F é min ine ▁is ▁worth ▁ 4 ▁points , ▁with ▁ 2 ▁points ▁for ▁a ▁draw ▁and ▁ 1 ▁for ▁a ▁defeat . ▁ ▁Results ▁ ▁Season ▁statistics ▁ ▁Top ▁sc or ers ▁Updated ▁to ▁games ▁played ▁on ▁ 9 ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁ ▁Top ▁ass ists ▁Updated ▁to ▁games ▁played ▁on ▁ 9 ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁ ▁Hat - tr icks ▁Updated ▁to ▁games ▁played ▁on ▁ 9 ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁▁ 4 ▁Player ▁scored ▁ 4 ▁goals ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁Stand ings ▁and ▁Statistics ▁ ▁Fra ▁ 1 ▁ 2 0 1 4 <0x0A> </s> ▁Here ▁Come ▁the ▁Bl obb ies ▁is ▁a ▁children ' s ▁picture ▁book ▁written ▁and ▁illustrated ▁by ▁Jorge ▁Antonio ▁T ello ▁Ali aga . ▁The ▁Bl obb ies ▁are ▁cute ▁creatures ▁that ▁can ▁" blob b iem orph " ▁into ▁many ▁different ▁shapes . ▁ ▁Story line ▁ ▁The ▁Bl obb ies ▁come ▁from ▁Bl obb iew orld , ▁where ▁every ▁grain

▁of ▁sand , ▁every ▁g ust ▁of ▁wind , ▁and ▁every ▁drop ▁of ▁water ▁can ▁feel , ▁talk ▁and ▁smile . ▁It ▁is ▁ruled ▁by ▁the ▁Element al ▁Bl obb ies ; ▁Bl ob bie ▁Fire , ▁Bl ob bie ▁Earth , ▁Bl ob bie ▁Water , ▁Bl ob bie ▁Air , ▁and ▁Bl ob bie ▁V oid . ▁Seven ▁new ▁Bl obb ies ▁in ▁the ▁colors ▁of ▁the ▁rain bow , ▁called ▁Bl ob bie ▁Col ors , ▁are ▁created ▁by ▁Bl ob bie ▁Fire ▁and ▁given ▁strict ▁orders ▁not ▁to ▁wake ▁up ▁the ▁el dest , ▁Bl ob bie ▁V oid . ▁They ▁live ▁and ▁play ▁until ▁Bl ob bie ▁V iolet ▁becomes ▁bored ▁with ▁the ▁simple ▁shapes ▁of ▁Bl obb iew orld . ▁It ▁persu ades ▁Bl ob bie ▁Ind igo ▁to ▁help ▁it ▁go ▁back ▁into ▁space ▁and ▁wake ▁up ▁Bl ob bie ▁V oid , ▁whom ▁they ▁believe ▁will ▁teach ▁them ▁new ▁shapes . ▁Unfortunately ▁as ▁soon ▁as ▁they ▁wake ▁it ▁up ▁it ▁turns ▁into ▁a ▁portal ▁that ▁lets ▁in ▁evil ▁creatures ▁called ▁He xic ones ▁who ▁attack ▁with ▁free zing ▁be ams ▁of ▁darkness . ▁To ▁save ▁the ▁Bl ob bie ▁Col ors , ▁Bl ob bie ▁V oid ▁trans ports ▁them ▁to ▁an ▁obsc ure ▁planet ▁called ▁Earth . ▁While ▁there , ▁the ▁Bl obb ies ▁learn ▁many ▁new ▁and ▁advanced ▁shapes ▁while ▁reading ▁books ▁in ▁a ▁library . ▁Eventually ▁they ▁decide ▁to ▁return ▁and ▁take ▁on ▁the ▁He x ac ones . ▁Bl ob bie

▁V oid ▁brings ▁them ▁back ▁and ▁they ▁discover ▁that ▁the ▁He x ac one ▁King ▁is ▁carrying ▁the ▁evil ▁He xa hed ron ▁Cry stal , ▁the ▁source ▁of ▁their ▁power . ▁Bl ob bie ▁Green ▁sacrific es ▁himself ▁by ▁turning ▁into ▁a ▁Ven us ▁Fly tr ap ▁and ▁swallow ing ▁the ▁be ams ▁of ▁darkness ▁so ▁the ▁others ▁can ▁bl obb iem orph ▁into ▁He x ac ones ▁and ▁launch ▁a ▁surprise ▁attack . ▁Bl ob bie ▁Ind igo ▁wins ▁by ▁bl obb iem orph ing ▁into ▁a ▁fire ▁breathing ▁b ats n ake ▁and ▁crushing ▁the ▁crystal . ▁Without ▁it , ▁the ▁He x ac ones ▁are ▁freed ▁from ▁its ▁curse ▁and ▁turn ▁back ▁into ▁ordinary ▁Bl obb ies . ▁ ▁Software ▁▁ ▁The ▁book ▁was ▁put ▁together ▁using ▁Ad obe ▁Ind es ign ▁Software ▁on ▁a ▁Power ▁Mac int osh ▁C 4 . ▁The ▁illustr ations ▁were ▁created ▁using ▁Ad obe ▁Phot osh op ▁software , ▁Electric ▁Image ▁Universe , ▁Str ata ▁ 3 D ▁Pro , ▁Mac rom edia ▁Flash , ▁and ▁cheap - o ▁No . ▁ 2 ▁p enc ils . ▁ ▁Education ▁▁ ▁The ▁back ▁of ▁the ▁book ▁includes ▁a ▁chart ▁that ▁teaches ▁kids ▁about ▁many ▁different ▁kinds ▁of ▁shapes . ▁It ▁also ▁explains ▁the ▁Bl ob bie ▁Col ors ' ▁different ▁personal ities ▁and ▁the ▁links ▁between ▁intellectual , ▁emotional , ▁physical , ▁and ▁intro verted ▁and ▁ext ro verted . ▁ ▁Other ▁Mer ch and ise ▁▁ ▁An ▁award - winning ▁line ▁of ▁toys

▁called ▁the ▁Bl obb iem orph ers ▁was ▁created . ▁The ▁book ▁also ▁included ▁a ▁free ▁adventure ▁CD ▁featuring ▁The ▁Bl ob bie ' s ▁Sh ape ▁Challenge , ▁draft ▁anim ations ▁from ▁the ▁book , ▁and ▁an ▁interactive ▁personality ▁chart , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁a ▁song . ▁There ▁was ▁also ▁bonus ▁I cel ands ▁Advent ure ▁Material . ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁S ources ▁▁ ▁" Here ▁Come ▁the ▁Bl obb ies " ▁story book ▁by ▁Jorge ▁Antonio ▁T ello ▁Ali aga ▁ ▁Category : Children ' s ▁fiction ▁books ▁Category : S ci ence ▁fiction ▁picture ▁books ▁Category : 2 0 0 3 ▁children ' s ▁books ▁Category : American ▁picture ▁books <0x0A> </s> ▁X anth ipp us ▁( ; ▁, ▁; ▁c . ▁ 5 2 5 - 4 7 5 ▁BC ) ▁was ▁a ▁wealthy ▁At hen ian ▁politician ▁and ▁general ▁during ▁the ▁early ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁ 5 th ▁century ▁BC . ▁His ▁name ▁means ▁" Y ellow ▁Horse ." ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁Ari ph ron ▁and ▁father ▁of ▁Per icles . ▁ ▁He ▁is ▁often ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁Al c ma e on id ▁clan . ▁ ▁Although ▁not ▁born ▁to ▁the ▁Al c ma e on idae , ▁he ▁married ▁into ▁the ▁family ▁when ▁he ▁wed ▁Cle ist hen es ' ▁nie ce ▁Ag ar iste , ▁and ▁would ▁come ▁to ▁represent ▁their ▁interests ▁in ▁government . ▁ ▁He ▁distinguished ▁himself ▁in ▁the ▁At hen ian ▁political ▁arena , ▁champion ing ▁the

▁arist ocratic ▁party . ▁ ▁His ▁rival ry ▁with ▁The m ist oc les ▁led ▁to ▁his ▁o str ac ism , ▁only ▁to ▁be ▁recalled ▁from ▁ex ile ▁when ▁the ▁Pers ians ▁inv aded ▁Greece . ▁ ▁He ▁distinguished ▁himself ▁during ▁the ▁Gre co - Pers ian ▁Wars ▁making ▁a ▁significant ▁contribution ▁to ▁the ▁victory ▁of ▁the ▁Gree ks ▁and ▁the ▁subsequent ▁asc end ancy ▁of ▁the ▁At hen ian ▁Empire . ▁ ▁Early ▁political ▁career ▁and ▁o str ac ism ▁As ▁a ▁citizen - s old ier ▁of ▁At hens ▁and ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁arist ocr acy , ▁X anth ipp us ▁most ▁likely ▁fought ▁during ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Mar athon ▁in ▁ 4 9 0 ▁BC . ▁ ▁X anth ipp us ▁first ▁appears ▁in ▁the ▁historical ▁record ▁the ▁following ▁year ▁( 4 8 9 ▁BC ), ▁when ▁he ▁led ▁the ▁prosecut ion ▁of ▁M ilt i ades ▁the ▁Young er , ▁the ▁general ▁who ▁led ▁At hen ians ▁to ▁victory ▁at ▁Mar athon . ▁ ▁M ilt i ades ▁had ▁asked ▁for ▁a ▁fleet ▁of ▁ 7 0 ▁ships ▁and ▁a ▁supply ▁of ▁troops ▁to ▁be ▁put ▁at ▁his ▁dispos al ▁in ▁reward ▁for ▁his ▁victory , ▁saying ▁that ▁he ▁would ▁not ▁reveal ▁his ▁intentions , ▁but ▁that ▁the ▁venture ▁would ▁re ap ▁great ▁profit ▁for ▁the ▁city . ▁ ▁The ▁At hen ians ▁granted ▁his ▁wish , ▁but ▁when ▁he ▁met ▁with ▁set - backs ▁and ▁injury ▁during ▁an ▁attack ▁on ▁Par os ▁he ▁had ▁to ▁return

▁empty ▁handed ▁and ▁sick . ▁ ▁Many ▁At hen ians ▁suspected ▁him ▁of ▁dece iving ▁them . ▁ ▁The ▁Al c ma e on idae ▁were ▁traditional ▁political ▁riv als ▁of ▁M ilt i ades ' ▁clan , ▁the ▁Phil a idae , ▁and ▁they ▁pressed ▁for ▁charges ▁against ▁the ▁hero ▁of ▁Mar athon , ▁with ▁X anth ipp us ▁making ▁their ▁case ▁and ▁asking ▁for ▁the ▁death ▁penalty . ▁ ▁M ilt i ades ▁was ▁in ▁great ▁pain ▁due ▁to ▁his ▁injury ▁and ▁could ▁not ▁defend ▁himself , ▁but ▁his ▁friends ▁put ▁up ▁enough ▁of ▁a ▁defence ▁to ▁avoid ▁his ▁execution ; ▁instead ▁he ▁was ▁fin ed ▁a ▁sum ▁too ▁large ▁to ▁pay ▁and ▁thrown ▁in ▁prison ▁as ▁a ▁debt or . ▁ ▁He ▁died ▁there ▁of ▁his ▁wounds . ▁ ▁At hen ians ▁would ▁come ▁to ▁regret ▁their ▁treatment ▁of ▁their ▁war ▁hero , ▁but ▁immediately ▁following ▁the ▁trial ▁X anth ipp us ▁became ▁the ▁pre - em inent ▁politician ▁of ▁the ▁day , ▁if ▁only ▁briefly . ▁ ▁X anth ipp us ' ▁leadership ▁was ▁short ▁lived ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁rise ▁of ▁The m ist oc les , ▁who ▁was ▁a ▁popul ist ▁set ▁against ▁the ▁arist ocr acy ▁that ▁X anth ipp us ▁represented . ▁ ▁X anth ipp us ▁team ed ▁up ▁with ▁his ▁fellow ▁arist ocr at ▁Arist ides ▁to ▁counter ▁the ▁amb itions ▁of ▁The m ist oc les , ▁but ▁The m ist oc les ▁out - man eu ver ed ▁them ▁with ▁a ▁series

▁of ▁o str ac isms ▁that ▁were ▁basic ▁refer end ums ▁concerning ▁the ▁direction ▁of ▁the ▁At hen ian ▁government . ▁ ▁The ▁lower ▁classes ▁had ▁begun ▁to ▁flex ▁their ▁political ▁muscle ▁with ▁The m ist oc les , ▁and ▁the ▁results ▁of ▁the ▁o str ac isms ▁reflected ▁their ▁new - found ▁power . ▁ ▁There ▁were ▁ 5 ▁prominent ▁o str ac isms ▁of ▁arist ocr ats ▁during ▁the ▁political ▁cl ashes ▁of ▁the ▁ 4 8 0 ' s ▁BC , ▁and ▁both ▁X anth ipp us ▁and ▁Arist ides ▁were ▁among ▁the ▁victims . ▁ ▁X anth ipp us ▁was ▁o str ac ised ▁in ▁ 4 8 4 ▁BC . ▁ ▁Return ▁to ▁At hens ▁Norm ally , ▁an ▁o str ac ism ▁led ▁to ▁a ▁ 1 0 - year ▁ex ile . ▁ ▁But ▁when ▁the ▁Pers ians ▁returned ▁to ▁attack ▁Greece ▁in ▁ 4 8 0 ▁BC , ▁The m ist oc les ▁and ▁At hens ▁recalled ▁both ▁X anth ipp us ▁and ▁Arist ides ▁to ▁aid ▁in ▁the ▁defence ▁of ▁the ▁city . ▁ ▁The ▁rival ▁politicians ▁settled ▁their ▁differences ▁and ▁prepared ▁for ▁war . ▁ ▁The ▁city ▁of ▁At hens ▁had ▁to ▁be ▁abandoned ▁to ▁protect ▁its ▁citizens ▁and ▁Pl ut arch ▁rel ates ▁a ▁folk ▁tale ▁about ▁X anth ipp us ' ▁dog , ▁who ▁had ▁been ▁left ▁behind ▁by ▁his ▁master ▁when ▁the ▁At hen ians ▁emb ark ed ▁for ▁the ▁safety ▁of ▁the ▁Island ▁of ▁Sal am is . ▁

▁The ▁dog ▁was ▁so ▁loyal ▁that ▁it ▁jumped ▁into ▁the ▁sea ▁and ▁sw am ▁after ▁X anth ipp us ' ▁boat , ▁managing ▁to ▁swim ▁across ▁to ▁the ▁is le , ▁before ▁dying ▁of ▁exhaust ion . ▁ ▁In ▁Pl ut arch ' s ▁day ▁there ▁was ▁still ▁a ▁place ▁on ▁Sal am is ▁called ▁" the ▁dog ' s ▁grave ." ▁ ▁Although ▁not ▁mentioned ▁directly , ▁it ▁would ▁seem ▁that ▁X anth ipp us ▁at ▁least ▁witnessed , ▁if ▁not ▁fought ▁in , ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Sal am is ▁in ▁ 4 8 0 ▁BC , ▁which ▁saved ▁the ▁At hen ians ▁and ▁began ▁to ▁force ▁back ▁the ▁Pers ian ▁inv aders . ▁ ▁X anth ipp us ▁was ▁elected ▁to ▁the ▁position ▁of ▁e pon ym ous ▁arch on ▁the ▁following ▁year ▁( 4 7 9 / 4 7 8 ▁BC ), ▁showing ▁the ▁este em ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁was ▁then ▁held . ▁ ▁At ▁that ▁time ▁a ▁large ▁force ▁of ▁Pers ian ▁inf antry ▁still ▁remained ▁in ▁Greece ▁and ▁At hens ▁was ▁still ▁under ▁threat . ▁ ▁He ▁also ▁succeeded ▁The m ist oc les ▁as ▁commander ▁of ▁the ▁At hen ian ▁fleet ▁that ▁year , ▁while ▁Arist ides ▁was ▁given ▁command ▁of ▁the ▁land ▁forces . ▁ ▁( It ▁remains ▁un clear ▁why ▁The m ist oc les , ▁after ▁his ▁brilliant ▁victory ▁at ▁Sal am is , ▁did ▁not ▁retain ▁his ▁position .) ▁ ▁Battle ▁of ▁My c ale ▁X anth ipp us ' ▁greatest ▁military ▁accompl

ishment ▁was ▁his ▁command ▁of ▁the ▁At hen ian ▁naval ▁forces ▁at ▁the ▁decis ive ▁Battle ▁of ▁My c ale ▁against ▁the ▁Pers ians , ▁which ▁was ▁fought ▁off ▁the ▁coast ▁of ▁L yd ia ▁in ▁Asia ▁Minor ▁under ▁the ▁command ▁of ▁Le ot ych idas ▁of ▁Sp arta . ▁ ▁The ▁remains ▁of ▁the ▁Pers ian ▁fleet ▁that ▁had ▁survived ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Sal am is ▁were ▁station ed ▁at ▁the ▁island ▁of ▁Sam os . ▁ ▁When ▁they ▁discovered ▁that ▁they ▁were ▁being ▁purs ued ▁by ▁the ▁Greek ▁fleet ▁they ▁abandoned ▁Sam os ▁and ▁s ailed ▁to ▁the ▁opposite ▁shore , ▁under ▁the ▁sl opes ▁of ▁Mount ▁My c ale , ▁where ▁they ▁be ached ▁their ▁ships ▁and ▁ret reated ▁in land ▁to ▁set ▁up ▁a ▁defensive ▁fort . ▁ ▁The ▁Greek ▁forces ▁launched ▁an ▁attack ▁on ▁them , ▁with ▁X anth ipp us ▁leading ▁his ▁At hen ian ▁conting ent ▁on ▁the ▁left ▁fl ank ▁( G reek ▁gener als ▁fought ▁on ▁the ▁front ▁lines ▁as ▁an ▁example ▁for ▁their ▁men ). ▁ ▁X anth ipp us ' ▁men ▁had ▁easier ▁terrain ▁to ▁cross ▁than ▁the ▁other ▁fl ank , ▁so ▁they ▁engaged ▁in ▁combat ▁with ▁the ▁Pers ians ▁first ▁and ▁fought ▁fer oc iously ▁to ▁earn ▁all ▁the ▁credit . ▁ ▁They ▁broke ▁through ▁the ▁line ▁and ▁sent ▁the ▁Pers ian ▁troops ▁running ▁to ▁their ▁fort ▁for ▁safety . ▁ ▁But ▁the ▁At hen ians ▁were ▁able ▁to ▁bre ach ▁the ▁wall ▁and ▁when ▁the ▁other ▁fl ank ▁joined

▁them ▁they ▁set ▁to ▁slaughter ing ▁the ▁enemy . ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁rout , ▁the ▁Gree ks , ▁led ▁by ▁X anth ipp us ▁and ▁Le ot ych idas , ▁went ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁beach ▁and ▁set ▁fire ▁to ▁the ▁Pers ian ▁ships ▁effectively ▁destroying ▁the ▁Pers ian ▁fleet . ▁ ▁Her odot us ▁claims ▁this ▁battle ▁occurred ▁on ▁the ▁same ▁day ▁as ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Pl ata ea , ▁where ▁Arist ides ▁led ▁the ▁At hen ian ▁conting ent ▁under ▁the ▁command ▁of ▁the ▁Sp art an ▁P aus an ias , ▁and ▁defeated ▁the ▁Pers ian ▁land - for ces . ▁ ▁With ▁these ▁two ▁decis ive ▁battles ▁the ▁war ▁was ▁won ▁and ▁At hens ▁was ▁now ▁safe . ▁ ▁Sie ge ▁of ▁S est us ▁After ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁My c ale , ▁the ▁Sp art ans ▁suggested ▁that ▁the ▁defence ▁of ▁the ▁I on ian ▁colon ies ▁of ▁Asia ▁Minor ▁should ▁be ▁abandoned , ▁since ▁it ▁would ▁be ▁difficult ▁to ▁protect ▁them ▁from ▁the ▁nearby ▁Pers ians . ▁ ▁X anth ipp us , ▁however , ▁refused ▁to ▁consider ▁the ▁proposal . ▁ ▁At hens ▁was ▁the ▁" mother ▁city " ▁of ▁many ▁of ▁the ▁I on ian ▁colon ies ▁and ▁she ▁felt ▁a ▁deep ▁kin ship ▁with ▁them ▁that ▁demanded ▁their ▁common ▁defence . ▁ ▁So ▁the ▁Greek ▁fleet ▁s ailed ▁to ▁the ▁H elles p ont ▁to ▁destroy ▁the ▁Pers ian ▁p onto on ▁bridge ▁there , ▁but ▁when ▁they ▁discovered ▁it ▁had ▁already ▁been ▁destroyed ,

▁the ▁Sp art ans ▁withd rew ▁and ▁headed ▁home , ▁while ▁X anth ipp us ▁led ▁the ▁remaining ▁force ▁on ▁an ▁assault ▁upon ▁S est us ▁in ▁the ▁Th rac ian ▁Ch erson ese , ▁which ▁had ▁been ▁captured ▁by ▁the ▁Pers ians ▁and ▁left ▁under ▁the ▁charge ▁of ▁a ▁Pers ian ▁governor , ▁Art ay ct es . ▁ ▁S est us ▁controlled ▁the ▁European ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁H elles p ont ▁and ▁all ▁the ▁shipping ▁trade ▁that ▁passed . ▁ ▁Since ▁At hens ▁was ▁very ▁dependent ▁upon ▁imported ▁grain , ▁this ▁made ▁trade ▁with ▁the ▁Black ▁Sea ▁of ▁strategic ▁importance ▁and ▁X anth ipp us ▁was ▁determined ▁to ▁bring ▁these ▁shipping ▁l anes ▁back ▁under ▁At hen ian ▁protection . ▁▁ ▁After ▁a ▁winter ▁sie ge , ▁Art ay ct es ▁and ▁his ▁son ▁attempted ▁to ▁escape , ▁but ▁they ▁were ▁captured . ▁ ▁Art ay ct es ▁offered ▁ 2 0 0 ▁talents ▁to ▁X anth ipp us ▁to ▁spare ▁his ▁life ▁- ▁a ▁huge ▁sum . ▁ ▁But ▁X anth ipp us ▁refused . ▁ ▁Art ay ct es ' ▁son ▁was ▁st oned ▁to ▁death ▁in ▁front ▁of ▁his ▁father , ▁and ▁then ▁Art ay ct es ▁himself ▁was ▁cru c ified . ▁ ▁That ▁Her odot us ▁ends ▁his ▁account ▁of ▁the ▁great ▁war ▁with ▁Pers ia ▁with ▁this ▁relatively ▁minor ▁affair ▁has ▁led ▁some ▁scholars ▁to ▁imply ▁that ▁the ▁historian ▁wished ▁to ▁end ▁on ▁a ▁note ▁that ▁fl attered ▁X anth ipp us ' ▁son ,

▁Per icles , ▁who ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁Her odot us ' ▁pat rons . ▁ ▁Leg acy ▁X anth ipp us ▁returned ▁to ▁At hens ▁a ▁hero . ▁ ▁He ▁died ▁a ▁few ▁years ▁later , ▁but ▁Per icles , ▁his ▁son , ▁would ▁go ▁on ▁to ▁build ▁upon ▁the ▁family ▁glory , ▁transform ing ▁At hens ▁into ▁the ▁greatest ▁centre ▁of ▁learning , ▁art ▁and ▁architecture ▁in ▁Greece , ▁while ▁leading ▁the ▁city ▁into ▁battle ▁against ▁her ▁rival , ▁Sp arta . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 5 th - century ▁BC ▁At hen ians ▁Category : Al c ma e on idae ▁Category : O str ac ized ▁At hen ians ▁Category : E pon ym ous ▁arch ons ▁Category : People ▁of ▁the ▁Gre co - Pers ian ▁Wars <0x0A> </s> ▁W icked ▁Camp ers ▁is ▁an ▁Australian ▁cam per ▁van ▁rental ▁company ▁based ▁in ▁Br is b ane , ▁Queensland , ▁Australia . ▁Found ed ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁by ▁John ▁We bb , ▁the ▁company ▁also ▁has ▁out lets ▁in ▁other ▁parts ▁of ▁Australia , ▁along ▁with ▁New ▁Zealand , ▁together ▁with ▁operations ▁in ▁Europe , ▁South ▁Africa , ▁Japan , ▁North ▁America , ▁and ▁South ▁America . ▁ ▁W icked ▁Camp ers ▁market ▁their ▁product ▁towards ▁younger ▁drivers ▁and ▁backpack ers . ▁Each ▁van ▁features ▁a ▁spray ▁painted ▁design , ▁often ▁featuring ▁pop ▁culture ▁references ▁and ▁sl og ans , ▁which ▁are ▁often ▁rude ▁and ▁offensive ⁠ — including ▁statements

▁perceived ▁as ▁mis og yn istic , ▁anti - environment al , ▁and ▁dis respect ful ▁to ▁Ind igenous ▁communities . ▁Following ▁moves ▁by ▁various ▁Australian ▁states ▁to ▁out law ▁offensive ▁sl og ans ▁and ▁images ▁on ▁vehicles , ▁notably ▁cam per v ans ▁belonging ▁to ▁W icked ▁Camp ers , ▁on ▁ 2 ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁Federal ▁and ▁State ▁government ▁minister s ▁agreed ▁on ▁a ▁combined ▁approach ▁to ▁deal ▁with ▁the ▁issue . ▁ ▁Cont ro vers ies ▁W icked ▁Camp ers ▁have ▁continually ▁attracted ▁media ▁attention ▁in ▁Australia ▁and ▁New ▁Zealand ▁for ▁their ▁use ▁of ▁offensive ▁sl og ans ▁on ▁their ▁painted ▁v ans . ▁Between ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁the ▁Australian ▁Ad vert ising ▁Stand ards ▁Board ▁up held ▁numerous ▁complaints ▁about ▁offensive ▁sl og ans ▁or ▁other ▁advertising . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁according ▁to ▁the ▁Daily ▁Tele graph , ▁the ▁Queensland ▁government ▁released ▁a ▁report ▁saying ▁ 9 0 % ▁of ▁W icked ▁v ans ▁in ▁the ▁state ▁were ▁un road worthy . ▁W icked ▁took ▁the ▁v ans ▁off ▁the ▁road ▁but ▁claimed ▁that ▁the ▁v ans ▁were ▁safe . ▁It ▁appears , ▁however , ▁that ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁v ans ▁that ▁were ▁taken ▁off ▁the ▁road ▁is ▁a ▁point ▁of ▁cont ention . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁various ▁media ▁sources ▁reported ▁that ▁W icked ▁Camp ers ▁received ▁criticism ▁from ▁animal ▁rights ▁activ ists ▁for ▁placing ▁stick ers ▁inside

▁their ▁Australian ▁v ans ▁with ▁the ▁text ▁" K ang aro os , ▁run ▁the ▁fuck ers ▁down ." ▁W icked ▁stated ▁the ▁stick ers ▁were ▁to ▁promote ▁road ▁safety ▁and ▁prevent ▁veh icular ▁roll o vers . ▁ ▁In ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁it ▁was ▁reported ▁that ▁the ▁company ▁trading ▁as ▁W icked ▁Camp ers ▁had ▁paid ▁fin es ▁of ▁$ 2 6 , 4 0 0 ▁for ▁' m is leading ▁advertising ' ▁regarding ▁cam per ▁van ▁hire ▁fees . ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁Australian ▁Compet ition ▁& ▁Cons umer ▁Commission , ▁the ▁company ▁had ▁' failed ▁to ▁specify ▁the ▁single ▁total ▁price ▁pay able ▁for ▁the ▁cam per v ans ▁and ▁failed ▁to ▁ade qu ately ▁dis close ▁certain ▁mandatory ▁fees ▁and ▁charges '. ▁ ▁In ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁a ▁petition ▁oppos ing ▁their ▁sex ist ▁and ▁mis og yn ist ▁sl og ans ▁attracted ▁over ▁ 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁sign atures ▁and ▁protests ▁in ▁the ▁Australian ▁Senate . ▁After ▁pressure ▁through ▁the ▁media , ▁W icked ▁issued ▁an ▁ap ology ▁and ▁committed ▁to ▁removing ▁the ▁offensive ▁sl og ans . ▁As ▁of ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁they ▁have ▁not ▁done ▁so . ▁ ▁The ▁Australian ▁Christian ▁L obby ▁has ▁camp a igned ▁in ▁Queensland ▁and ▁in ▁New ▁South ▁Wales ▁in ▁regards ▁to ▁the ▁word ing ▁on ▁W icked ▁Cam per ▁v ans . ▁ ▁In ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁it ▁was ▁reported ▁that ▁the ▁New ▁Zealand

▁Ad vert ising ▁Stand ards ▁Authority ▁up held ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁complaints . ▁ ▁W icked ▁Camp ers , ▁" did ▁not ▁respond ▁to ▁the ▁complaints ▁board ". ▁ ▁Federal ▁and ▁state ▁government ▁responses ▁In ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁Premier ▁of ▁Queensland ▁ ▁Ann ast acia ▁Pal asz cz uk ▁introduced ▁legislation ▁rev oking ▁the ▁registration ▁of ▁commercial ▁operators ▁who ▁refuse ▁to ▁remove ▁offensive ▁sl og ans ▁from ▁their ▁vehicles . ▁ ▁In ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁T as man ian ▁Transport ▁Minister ▁R ene ▁H idding ▁said ▁that ▁the ▁Government ▁would ▁cancel ▁the ▁registration ▁of ▁vehicles ▁display ing ▁sl og ans ▁he ▁described ▁as ▁" v ile ▁and ▁app alling ". ▁ ▁In ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁Victorian ▁Minister ▁for ▁Women , ▁F iona ▁Richard son ▁said , ▁" If ▁we ▁can ▁do ▁something ▁to ▁rid ▁our ▁roads ▁of ▁W icked ▁Camp ers , ▁take ▁down ▁advertising ▁that ▁bl urs ▁the ▁line ▁between ▁marketing ▁and ▁mis og yn y ▁and ▁turn ▁the ▁tables ▁on ▁the ▁t roll s , ▁we ▁will ▁do ▁it ." ▁ ▁In ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁a ▁Queensland ▁Parliament ary ▁Committee ▁recommended ▁the ▁legislation ▁that ▁will ▁result ▁in ▁the ▁cancellation ▁of ▁registration ▁of ▁vehicles ▁with ▁offensive ▁sl og ans ▁or ▁advertis ements ▁that ▁contr av ene ▁advertising ▁standards . ▁ ▁On ▁ 2 ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁Transport ▁minister s ▁of ▁Federal ▁and ▁all ▁state ▁governments ▁agreed ▁on ▁a ▁national ▁strategy ▁to ▁deal

▁with ▁the ▁issue . ▁On ▁the ▁same ▁day , ▁the ▁Victorian ▁transport ▁minister ▁announced ▁the ▁introduction ▁of ▁new ▁laws ▁which ▁would ▁ban ▁vehicles ▁display ing ▁obsc ene ▁sl og ans ▁and ▁images ▁from ▁travelling ▁on ▁Victorian ▁roads . ▁ ▁Local ▁government ▁responses ▁N umer ous ▁car avan ▁and ▁camp ing ▁parks ▁and ▁businesses ▁pert aining ▁to ▁tour ism ▁have ▁stated ▁they ▁will ▁refuse ▁entry ▁to ▁v ans ▁carrying ▁offensive ▁sl og ans . ▁Following ▁community ▁ground sw ell ▁oppos ing ▁the ▁w icked ▁sl og ans ▁that ▁promote ▁rape , ▁inde cent ▁sexual ▁behaviour , ▁Ind igenous ▁dis respect , ▁harm ▁to ▁native ▁wildlife ▁and ▁other ▁offensive ▁imag ery ▁and ▁sl og ans , ▁the ▁Blue ▁Mountains ▁City ▁Council ▁not ified ▁the ▁community ▁on ▁ 1 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁that ▁it ▁is ▁looking ▁at ▁various ▁options ▁to ▁ban ▁W icked ▁Cam per v ans ▁with ▁offensive , ▁mis og yn istic , ▁racial ▁and ▁de grad ing ▁sl og ans ▁and ▁imag ery ▁from ▁council ▁managed ▁tourist / car avan ▁parks ▁within ▁the ▁Blue ▁Mountains . ▁W icked ▁Camp ers ▁appear ▁to ▁enjoy ▁the ▁free ▁negative ▁promot ions ▁of ▁its ▁business ▁that ▁the ▁sl og ans ▁draw . ▁However , ▁they ▁do ▁not ▁appear ▁to ▁be ▁concerned ▁about ▁the ▁implications ▁on ▁its ▁market , ▁generally ▁young ▁travel ers , ▁who ▁may ▁be ▁influenced ▁by ▁these ▁sl og ans ▁to ▁carry ▁out ▁actions ▁that ▁they ▁would ▁not ▁normally ▁otherwise ▁do . ▁ ▁Ball ina ▁Sh ire ▁Council ▁in ▁N SW ,

▁has ▁l obb ied ▁State ▁Govern ments ▁for , ▁" action ▁or ▁legisl ative ▁changes ▁to ▁ban ▁the ▁in appropri ate ▁messages ". ▁ ▁Other ▁responses ▁In ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁offensive ▁sl og ans , ▁L on ely ▁Plan et ▁removed ▁W icked ▁Camp ers ▁from ▁its ▁list ings . ▁ ▁Writing ▁in ▁Australia ’ s ▁media ▁and ▁marketing ▁journal ▁Mum bre lla , ▁its ▁marketing ▁and ▁advertising ▁editor , ▁Simon ▁C anning ▁has ▁said , ▁" Ad land ▁can ▁thank ▁W icked ▁Camp ers ▁for ▁getting ▁the ▁law ▁involved ▁in ▁ad ▁regulation ", ▁ ▁with ▁Mum bre lla ▁describing ▁W icked ▁Camp ers ▁as ▁being ▁Australia ’ s ▁most ▁out - of - control ▁advert iser . ▁ ▁W icked ▁Cam per ▁reaction ▁The ▁company ▁m ocks ▁both ▁the ▁complain ants , ▁and ▁the ▁complaints ▁against ▁it . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁W icked ▁Camp ers ▁website ▁ ▁Category : Car ▁rental ▁companies ▁of ▁Australia ▁Category : Com pan ies ▁based ▁in ▁Br is b ane ▁Category : Ret ail ▁companies ▁established ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁Category : Transport ▁companies ▁established ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁Category : 2 0 0 0 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Australia <0x0A> </s> ▁Say an ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁Say an ▁( name ) ▁ ▁Say an ▁Mountains , ▁a ▁mountain ▁range ▁in ▁S iber ia , ▁Asia ▁ ▁Say an , ▁India ▁ ▁Say an , ▁B ali , ▁a ▁village

▁in ▁Indonesia ▁ ▁Say an , ▁Iran , ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁Ham ad an ▁Province , ▁Iran ▁ ▁Say án ▁District , ▁Peru ▁ ▁Say án , ▁city ▁in ▁Peru ▁ ▁Say any - K h ak ass ia , ▁a ▁Russian ▁band y ▁club ▁ ▁Say an ▁Pl ak , ▁a ▁Turkish ▁record ▁label ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 s ▁ ▁Say ana , ▁ 1 4 th ▁century ▁Indian ▁comment ator ▁on ▁the ▁V ed as ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Sa ï an ▁Sup a ▁C rew ▁S ai yan ▁( dis ambigu ation ) ▁ ▁Super ▁S ai yan <0x0A> </s> ▁James ▁Marcus ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁James ▁Marcus ▁( American ▁actor ) ▁( 1 8 6 7 – 1 9 3 7 ), ▁American ▁actor ▁James ▁Marcus ▁( English ▁actor ) ▁( born ▁ 1 9 4 2 ), ▁English ▁actor ▁James ▁Marcus ▁( Res ident ▁Ev il ), ▁video ▁game ▁character ▁James ▁S . ▁Marcus ▁( 1 9 2 9 – 2 0 1 5 ), ▁American ▁investment ▁bank er ▁and ▁phil anth rop ist <0x0A> </s> ▁ 6 / 1 ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁June ▁ 1 ▁( month - day ▁date ▁notation ) ▁January ▁ 6 ▁( day - month ▁date ▁notation ) ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Six th ▁( dis ambigu ation ) ▁▁ 1 / 6 ▁( dis ambigu ation ) ▁ ▁Six ▁One , ▁news ▁show ▁by ▁RT É ▁News ▁ ▁Six ▁of ▁One ▁( dis ambigu ation ) <0x0A>

</s> ▁Kim ber ly ▁Bur rell ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁g ospel ▁singer ▁from ▁Houston , ▁Texas . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁ ▁Bur rell ▁is ▁the ▁daughter ▁of ▁a ▁past or ▁in ▁the ▁Church ▁of ▁God ▁in ▁Christ ▁( CO G IC ) ▁. ▁Bur rell ▁began ▁performing ▁with ▁Re ver end ▁James ▁Cleveland ' s ▁GM WA ▁Youth ▁Mass ▁Ch oir ▁( also ▁known ▁as ▁Rev . ▁James ▁Cleveland ' s ▁Kids ). ▁ ▁Career ▁ ▁R ise ▁to ▁fame ▁Bur rell ' s ▁performances ▁continued ▁with ▁Tr inity ▁Temple ▁Full ▁G ospel ▁Mass ▁Ch oir ▁of ▁Dallas ▁and ▁The ▁In spir ational ▁Sounds ▁Mass ▁Ch oir ▁of ▁Houston . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁she ▁was ▁a ▁featured ▁singer ▁on ▁the ▁re prise ▁of ▁" J es us ▁P aid ▁It ▁All " ▁on ▁Rick y ▁D ill ard ▁& ▁New ▁G ' s ▁album ▁Work ed ▁It ▁Out . ▁Her ▁first ▁independent ▁album , ▁Try ▁Me ▁Again , ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁the ▁Texas - based ▁bout ique ▁label ▁Pearl ▁Records ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 5 . ▁This ▁led ▁to ▁her ▁being ▁signed ▁to ▁Tommy ▁Boy ▁G ospel ▁and ▁releasing ▁another ▁album , ▁Ever last ing ▁Life ▁( 1 9 9 9 ), ▁produced ▁by ▁As aph ▁Alexander ▁Ward . ▁The ▁album ▁pe aked ▁at ▁# 1 0 ▁on ▁the ▁Bill board ▁G ospel ▁Ch arts . ▁ ▁Bur rell ▁recorded ▁Live ▁In ▁Con cert , ▁a ▁live ▁album ▁in ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁at ▁the

▁annual ▁CO G IC ▁Convention ▁in ▁Mem ph is , ▁Tennessee . ▁The ▁album ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 1 . ▁It ▁was ▁nominated ▁for ▁a ▁Gram my ▁Award ▁for ▁Best ▁Soul ▁G ospel ▁Album ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 . ▁Though ▁Tommy ▁Boy ▁G ospel ▁closed ▁shortly ▁after ▁the ▁release ▁of ▁Live ▁In ▁Con cert , ▁by ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁she ▁had ▁signed ▁a ▁recording ▁contract ▁with ▁Ele k tra ▁Records . ▁Under ▁this ▁contract ▁she ▁recorded ▁only ▁a ▁guest ▁appearance ▁on ▁the ▁all - star ▁g ospel ▁track ▁" H ig her ▁Ground ", ▁which ▁first ▁appeared ▁as ▁a ▁bonus ▁track ▁on ▁Miss y ▁Ell i ott ' s ▁album ▁Miss ▁E ... ▁So ▁Add ict ive ▁and ▁was ▁later ▁featured ▁on ▁Karen ▁Clark ▁She ard ' s ▁ 2 nd ▁Ch ance ▁album . ▁ ▁She ▁has ▁continued ▁to ▁perform ▁live ▁and ▁to ▁collabor ate ▁with ▁other ▁artists . ▁Though ▁only ▁inter mitt ently ▁active ▁as ▁a ▁recording ▁artist , ▁she ▁established ▁and ▁hosts ▁the ▁annual ▁Ep hes ians ▁ 4 ▁conference , ▁a ▁workshop ▁for ▁performing ▁artists . ▁ ▁Later ▁record ings ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁Bur rell ▁was ▁a ▁guest ▁perform er ▁along ▁with ▁Kelly ▁Price ▁on ▁R . ▁Kelly ' s ▁" 3 - W ay ▁Phone ▁Call " ▁playing ▁the ▁part ▁of ▁Price ' s ▁" pr ayer ▁partner " ▁in ▁the ▁soap ▁opera - like ▁song . ▁She ▁appeared ▁in ▁George ▁Clinton ' s ▁original

▁song ▁" Mat hemat ics ▁of ▁Love " ▁on ▁Clinton ' s ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁album ▁of ▁covers , ▁George ▁Clinton ▁and ▁Some ▁G ang sters ▁of ▁Love . ▁Bur rell ▁released ▁her ▁first ▁studio ▁album ▁in ▁ 1 1 ▁years , ▁No ▁W ays ▁T ired , ▁on ▁April ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁through ▁Shan ach ie ▁Records . ▁The ▁album ▁features ▁covers ▁of ▁classic ▁g ospel ▁songs ▁like ▁" My ▁Faith ▁Looks ▁Up ▁To ▁The e ," ▁" What ▁A ▁Friend ▁We ▁Have ▁In ▁Jesus ," ▁" O ▁Lamb ▁Of ▁God " ▁and ▁" I ▁Sur render ▁All ," ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁classic ▁James ▁Cleveland ▁song ▁after ▁which ▁the ▁album ▁is ▁named . ▁ ▁Bur rell ▁sang ▁" I ▁see ▁a ▁Vict ory " ▁with ▁Ph ar rell ▁Williams ▁for ▁the ▁sound track ▁to ▁the ▁feature ▁film ▁H idden ▁Fig ures ▁( 2 0 1 6 ). ▁ ▁Cont ro vers ies ▁In ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁a ▁video ▁surf aced ▁showing ▁Bur rell ▁pre aching ▁a ▁s erm on ▁at ▁the ▁Love ▁& ▁Liberty ▁Fellow ship ▁Church . ▁In ▁that ▁s erm on , ▁she ▁called ▁people ▁who ▁engage ▁in ▁homosexual ▁acts ▁" per verted " ▁and ▁said ▁they ▁had ▁been ▁de ceived ▁by ▁the ▁" hom osexual ▁spirit ." ▁ ▁She ▁also ▁warned ▁that ▁people ▁who ▁" play ▁with " ▁homosexual ▁sin ▁would ▁" die ▁from ▁it " ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁In ▁response ▁to ▁considerable

▁criticism , ▁Bur rell ▁said ▁that ▁she ▁makes ▁" no ▁exc uses ▁or ▁ap ologies " ▁for ▁the ▁s erm on , ▁adding ▁" I ▁love ▁you , ▁and ▁God ▁loves ▁you , ▁but ▁he ▁h ates ▁the ▁sin ▁in ▁you ▁and ▁me ." ▁ ▁Short ly ▁after ▁the ▁video ▁of ▁the ▁s erm on ▁surf aced , ▁The ▁Ellen ▁De Gener es ▁Show ▁cancelled ▁Bur rell ' s ▁scheduled ▁appearance , ▁as ▁did ▁the ▁B MI ▁Trail bl az ers ▁of ▁G ospel ▁Music ▁event , ▁where ▁she ▁was ▁removed ▁as ▁an ▁hon ore e . ▁Her ▁radio ▁talk ▁show , ▁Br id ging ▁the ▁G ap ▁with ▁Kim ▁Bur rell , ▁was ▁cancelled ▁by ▁Texas ▁Southern ▁University . ▁ ▁Se lected ▁disc ography ▁ ▁Albums ▁ ▁Try ▁Me ▁Again ▁( P ear l , ▁ 1 9 9 5 ) ▁ ▁Ever last ing ▁Life ▁( Tom my ▁Boy ▁G ospel , ▁ 1 9 9 8 ) ▁ ▁Live ▁In ▁Con cert ▁( Tom my ▁Boy ▁G ospel , ▁ 2 0 0 1 ) ▁ ▁No ▁W ays ▁T ired ▁( Sh an ach ie , ▁ 2 0 0 9 ) ▁ ▁The ▁Love ▁Album ▁( Sh an ach ie , ▁ 2 0 1 1 ) ▁ ▁A ▁Different ▁Place ▁( Sh an ach ie , ▁ 2 0 1 5 ) ▁ ▁Live ▁From ▁Miami ▁( New ▁Brand ▁Records , ▁ 2 0 1 7 ) ▁ ▁Singles ▁ ▁" Special ▁Place " ▁( Bad ▁Boy

▁Entertainment , ▁ 2 0 0 1 ) ▁▁ ▁" L ittle ▁Dr um mer ▁Boy " ▁( New ▁Brand ▁Records , ▁ 2 0 1 8 ) ▁ ▁V ide os ▁ ▁Live ▁In ▁Con cert ▁( V HS ) ▁( Tom my ▁Boy ▁G ospel , ▁ 2 0 0 1 ) ▁ ▁Other ▁Appe ar ances ▁ ▁Awards ▁▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁G ospel ▁Music ▁Excell ence ▁Award , ▁Fem ale ▁V ocal ist ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁- ▁Cont emporary ▁for ▁Ever last ing ▁Life ▁▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁St ell ar ▁Award , ▁Cont emporary ▁Fem ale ▁V ocal ist ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁for ▁Ever last ing ▁Life ▁▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁St ell ar ▁Award , ▁Albert ina ▁Walker ▁Fem ale ▁V ocal ist ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁for ▁The ▁Love ▁Album ▁▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁St ell ar ▁Award , ▁Cont emporary ▁Fem ale ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁for ▁The ▁Love ▁Album ▁▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁D ove ▁Award , ▁Urban ▁Record ed ▁Song ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁for ▁" S we eter " ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : American ▁female ▁singer - s ong writ ers ▁Category : American ▁singer - s ong writ ers ▁Category : American ▁g ospel ▁sing ers ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁American ▁sing ers ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁American ▁sing ers ▁Category : A fr ican - American ▁female ▁sing ers ▁Category :

American ▁Pent ec ost als ▁Category : A fr ican - American ▁Christians ▁Category : Mus icians ▁from ▁Houston ▁Category : S ong writ ers ▁from ▁Texas ▁Category : Tom my ▁Boy ▁Records ▁artists ▁Category : E le k tra ▁Records ▁artists ▁Category : E pic ▁Records ▁artists ▁Category : Sh an ach ie ▁Records ▁artists ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁American ▁women ▁sing ers ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁American ▁women ▁sing ers <0x0A> </s> ▁Mount ▁McK el vey ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁rock y , ▁mostly ▁ice - free ▁peak , ▁ ▁high , ▁situated ▁less ▁than ▁ ▁east ▁of ▁Mount ▁Wal cott ▁in ▁the ▁eastern ▁portion ▁of ▁the ▁Th iel ▁Mountains ▁of ▁Ant ar ct ica . ▁It ▁was ▁survey ed ▁by ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Ge ological ▁Survey ▁( US GS ) ▁Th iel ▁Mountains ▁party ▁of ▁ 1 9 6 0 – 6 1 , ▁and ▁was ▁named ▁by ▁the ▁Advis ory ▁Committee ▁on ▁Ant ar ctic ▁Names ▁for ▁Vincent ▁E . ▁McK el vey , ▁the ▁nin th ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁US GS ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 1 – 7 8 . ▁During ▁this ▁period , ▁numerous ▁US GS ▁ge olog ic ▁and ▁top ographic ▁exped itions , ▁for ▁which ▁he ▁had ▁administrative ▁responsibility , ▁were ▁carried ▁out ▁in ▁Ant ar ct ica . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Mountains ▁in ▁Ant ar ct ica ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Mount ains ▁of ▁Ell sw orth ▁Land <0x0A> </s> ▁Arthur ▁R ibe iro ▁(

born ▁ 2 1 ▁March ▁ 1 9 4 2 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Brazil ian ▁f encer . ▁He ▁competed ▁in ▁the ▁individual ▁and ▁team ▁ép ée ▁events ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁and ▁the ▁individual ▁ép ée ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁Summer ▁Olympics . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 2 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : B raz il ian ▁male ▁f enc ers ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁f enc ers ▁of ▁Brazil ▁Category : F enc ers ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : F enc ers ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : Pan ▁American ▁Games ▁medal ists ▁in ▁f encing ▁Category : Pan ▁American ▁Games ▁gold ▁medal ists ▁for ▁Brazil ▁Category : Pan ▁American ▁Games ▁silver ▁medal ists ▁for ▁Brazil ▁Category : F enc ers ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 3 ▁Pan ▁American ▁Games ▁Category : F enc ers ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁Pan ▁American ▁Games ▁Category : F enc ers ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 1 ▁Pan ▁American ▁Games <0x0A> </s> ▁C asc ad ura ▁is ▁a ▁neighborhood ▁in ▁the ▁North ▁Zone ▁of ▁Rio ▁de ▁Jane iro , ▁Brazil . ▁ ▁Category : Ne igh bour hood s ▁in ▁Rio ▁de ▁Jane iro ▁( city ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Belgium ▁chose ▁their ▁Junior ▁Euro vision ▁entry ▁for ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁through ▁Euro s ong ▁for ▁Kids , ▁a ▁national

▁final ▁consisting ▁of ▁ 1 0 ▁songs ▁competing ▁over ▁two ▁semi - fin als ▁and ▁a ▁final . ▁The ▁winner ▁of ▁Junior ▁Euro s ong ▁was ▁Thor ! , ▁with ▁the ▁song ▁" E en ▁to cht ▁door ▁het ▁don ker ". ▁ ▁Before ▁Euro vision ▁ ▁Euro s ong ▁for ▁Kids ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁ ▁Euro s ong ▁for ▁Kids ▁was ▁the ▁national ▁final ▁for ▁Belgium ▁at ▁the ▁Junior ▁Euro vision ▁Song ▁Cont est ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁organ ised ▁by ▁Belg ian ▁broad c aster ▁V la am se ▁Radio - ▁en ▁Tele vis ie om ro ep ▁( V RT ). ▁ ▁Format ▁ ▁The ▁format ▁of ▁the ▁competition ▁consisted ▁of ▁three ▁shows : ▁two ▁semi - fin als ▁and ▁a ▁final . ▁In ▁all ▁shows , ▁the ▁results ▁were ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁votes ▁from ▁a ▁three - member ▁adult ▁" ex pert " ▁jury , ▁a ▁kids ▁jury , ▁Radio ▁ 2 ▁jury , ▁Radio ▁Don na ▁jury ▁and ▁telev oting . ▁The ▁telev ote ▁counted ▁for ▁ 1 / 3 ▁of ▁the ▁overall ▁vote , ▁with ▁the ▁other ▁ 4 ▁j uries ▁counting ▁for ▁ 1 / 6 . ▁The ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁" ex pert " ▁jury ▁were ▁Els ▁De ▁Sche p per , ▁He idi ▁L ena erts ▁and ▁Ron ny ▁Mos use . ▁The ▁winning ▁song ▁from ▁each ▁semi - final ▁qualified ▁for ▁the ▁final ▁along ▁with ▁the ▁ 3 ▁overall ▁best ▁scoring ▁non - w inners . ▁ ▁Sem i

- final ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁semi - final ▁took ▁place ▁on ▁ 1 7 ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁Thor ! ▁advanced ▁directly ▁for ▁the ▁final , ▁winning ▁the ▁semi - final ▁with ▁ 7 0 ▁points . ▁L izz @ xy ▁and ▁Att ic ▁also ▁qualified ▁as ▁two ▁of ▁the ▁three ▁overall ▁best ▁scoring ▁non - w inners ▁with ▁ 6 7 ▁and ▁ 6 0 ▁points ▁respectively . ▁ ▁Sem i - final ▁ 2 ▁The ▁second ▁semi - final ▁took ▁place ▁on ▁ 2 4 ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁The ▁Fire fl ies ▁advanced ▁directly ▁for ▁the ▁final , ▁winning ▁the ▁semi - final ▁with ▁ 7 1 ▁points . ▁Nicol as ▁also ▁qualified ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁three ▁overall ▁best ▁scoring ▁non - w inners ▁with ▁ 6 2 ▁points . ▁ ▁Final ▁ ▁The ▁final ▁was ▁held ▁on ▁ 1 ▁October ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁The ▁winner ▁was ▁" E en ▁to cht ▁door ▁het ▁don ker " ▁performed ▁by ▁Thor ! . ▁ ▁At ▁Euro vision ▁ ▁At ▁Junior ▁Euro vision , ▁Belgium ▁performed ▁in ▁th ir teenth ▁position , ▁before ▁Cro at ia ▁and ▁after ▁Belgium . ▁Belgium ▁placed ▁in ▁ 7 th ▁position ▁with ▁ 7 1 ▁points ; ▁the ▁highest ▁of ▁which ▁was ▁ 1 0 ▁points , ▁which ▁came ▁from ▁Cro at ia . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Belgium ▁in ▁the ▁Junior ▁Euro vision ▁Song ▁Cont est ▁Junior ▁Euro vision ▁Song ▁Cont est ▁ 2 0

0 6 ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁Official ▁Belg ian ▁J ES C ▁Site ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 0 6 ▁in ▁Belgium ▁Junior ▁Category : Count ries ▁in ▁the ▁Junior ▁Euro vision ▁Song ▁Cont est ▁ 2 0 0 6 <0x0A> </s> ▁Line ▁S 1 ▁of ▁the ▁N anj ing ▁Metro ▁( ), ▁is ▁a ▁subur ban ▁met ro ▁rail ▁line ▁serving ▁the ▁southern ▁subur bs ▁of ▁N anj ing , ▁running ▁from ▁ ▁to ▁. ▁ ▁It ▁connect s ▁N anj ing ▁South ▁railway ▁station ▁with ▁N anj ing ▁L uk ou ▁International ▁Airport . ▁It ▁is ▁ ▁long ▁has ▁ 8 ▁stations . ▁The ▁line ▁started ▁construction ▁on ▁December ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁and ▁was ▁opened ▁on ▁July ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁In ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁a ▁contract ▁for ▁ 1 5 ▁ 6 ▁car ▁Type ▁B ▁met ro ▁trains ▁was ▁given ▁to ▁C SR ▁Corporation ▁Limited , ▁with ▁the ▁first ▁train ▁arriving ▁in ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁Line ▁S 1 ▁also ▁serves ▁as ▁the ▁first ▁stage ▁of ▁the ▁N anj ing – Ga och un ▁inter city ▁railway , ▁with ▁Line ▁S 9 ▁serving ▁as ▁the ▁second ▁stage . ▁ ▁Open ing ▁tim eline ▁ ▁Station ▁list ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Line ▁S 1 ▁on ▁the ▁official ▁N anj ing ▁Metro ▁website ▁( includes ▁route ▁map ) ▁▁ ▁Category : N anj ing ▁Metro

▁lines <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁scar let ▁kings n ake ▁or ▁scar let ▁milk ▁snake ▁( L am prop elt is ▁el ap so ides ) ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁kings n ake ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁sout he astern ▁and ▁eastern ▁portions ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁Like ▁all ▁kings n akes , ▁they ▁are ▁non ven om ous . ▁They ▁are ▁found ▁in ▁pine ▁flat wood s , ▁hyd ric ▁h amm ocks , ▁pine ▁sav ann as , ▁mes ic ▁pine - o ak ▁forests , ▁pra ir ies , ▁cultiv ated ▁fields , ▁and ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁subur ban ▁habit ats ; ▁not ▁unus ually , ▁people ▁find ▁scar let ▁kings n akes ▁in ▁their ▁swimming ▁pool s , ▁especially ▁during ▁the ▁spring . ▁Until ▁recently , ▁and ▁for ▁much ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 th ▁century , ▁scar let ▁kings n akes ▁were ▁considered ▁a ▁sub spec ies ▁of ▁the ▁milk ▁snake . ▁ ▁However , ▁Py ron ▁and ▁B ub r ink ▁demonstrated ▁the ▁ph y log en etic ▁distinction ▁of ▁this ▁species ▁and ▁its ▁closer ▁relationship ▁to ▁the ▁mountain ▁kings n akes ▁of ▁the ▁south western ▁United ▁States . ▁ ▁These ▁largely ▁foss orial ▁sn akes ▁are ▁the ▁smallest ▁of ▁all ▁the ▁species ▁within ▁the ▁genus ▁Lam prop elt is , ▁usually ▁ranging ▁from ▁ ▁at ▁mat urity . ▁The ▁maximum ▁recorded ▁length ▁is ▁. ▁H atch lings ▁range ▁in ▁size ▁from ▁. ▁ ▁Tax onomy ▁▁ ▁The ▁generic ▁name , ▁Lam prop elt is , ▁is ▁derived

▁from ▁the ▁Anc ient ▁Greek ▁l am pr ós   ( λ α μ π ρ ο ς ) ▁meaning ▁" sh iny " ▁and ▁p elt as   ( π ε λ τ α ς ) ▁meaning ▁" sh ield ", ▁after ▁the ▁she en ▁of ▁their ▁scales . ▁ ▁Its ▁specific ▁name , ▁el ap so ides , ▁is ▁a ▁Latin ization ▁of ▁the ▁Greek ▁word ▁é ll ops ▁( ε λ λ ο π ς ) ▁which ▁refers ▁to ▁cor al ▁and ▁was ▁used ▁to ▁describe ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁century ▁genus , ▁El aps ▁( the ▁type ▁genus ▁of ▁the ▁family ▁El ap idae ), ▁which ▁included ▁the ▁eastern ▁cor al ▁snake ▁( Mic r ur us ▁ful v ius ), ▁a ▁ven om ous ▁species ▁which ▁the ▁scar let ▁kings n ake ▁re semb les ▁and ▁with ▁which ▁the ▁scar let ▁kings n ake ▁is ▁partly ▁sym pat ric . ▁The ▁range ▁of ▁scar let ▁kings n akes ▁extends ▁considerably ▁further ▁north ▁and ▁nort heast ▁than ▁the ▁eastern ▁cor al ▁snake . ▁ ▁The ▁scar let ▁kings n ake ▁ ▁was ▁once ▁believed ▁to ▁have ▁inter graded ▁with ▁the ▁eastern ▁milk ▁snake , ▁which ▁produced ▁a ▁variation ▁once ▁named ▁as ▁a ▁sub spec ies ▁called ▁the ▁Coast al ▁Pl ains ▁milk ▁snake ▁( L . ▁t . ▁tempor alis ), ▁but ▁this ▁is ▁no ▁longer ▁recognized ▁as ▁a ▁legitimate ▁tax on . ▁ ▁Description ▁ ▁Scar let ▁kings n akes ▁have ▁a ▁tr icol ored ▁pattern ▁of

▁black , ▁red , ▁white , ▁and ▁various ▁sh ades ▁of ▁yellow ▁bands ▁that ▁appear ▁to ▁mim ic ▁the ▁ven om ous ▁cor al ▁snake ▁in ▁a ▁form ▁of ▁B ates ian ▁mim ic ry . ▁A ▁method ▁to ▁help ▁different iate ▁between ▁ven om ous ▁and ▁non ven om ous ▁tr icol or ▁sn akes ▁in ▁North ▁America ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁popular ▁phrases ▁" red ▁on ▁yellow , ▁kill ▁a ▁fellow ; ▁red ▁on ▁black , ▁ven om ▁lack ", ▁" red ▁on ▁yellow ' s ▁a ▁deadly ▁fellow ; ▁yellow ▁on ▁black ' s ▁a ▁friendly ▁Jack ", ▁" if ▁red ▁touches ▁yellow , ▁you ' re ▁a ▁dead ▁fellow ; ▁if ▁red ▁touches ▁black , ▁you ' re ▁all ▁right , ▁Jack ", ▁and ▁" red ▁and ▁black ▁is ▁a ▁friend ▁of ▁Jack " ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁" red ▁on ▁black , ▁friend ▁of ▁Jack ; ▁red ▁on ▁yellow , ▁kill ▁a ▁fellow " ▁and ▁" red ▁band ▁near ▁black , ▁ven om ▁lack ; ▁red ▁band ▁near ▁yellow , ▁bite ▁a ▁fellow ". ▁For ▁tri - colored ▁sn akes ▁found ▁east ▁of ▁the ▁Mississippi ▁River , ▁all ▁of ▁these ▁phrases ▁can ▁be ▁replaced ▁with ▁the ▁simple ▁phrase , ▁" Red ▁face , ▁I ' m ▁safe ", ▁in ▁reference ▁to ▁the ▁red ▁sn out ▁of ▁scar let ▁kings n akes ▁as ▁opposed ▁to ▁the ▁prominent ▁black ▁sn out ▁of ▁the ▁eastern ▁cor al ▁snake . ▁ ▁Scar let ▁kings n akes ▁are ▁born ▁with ▁white , ▁black ,

▁and ▁red ▁band ing . ▁As ▁they ▁mature , ▁they ▁develop ▁varying ▁sh ades ▁of ▁yellow ▁within ▁ge ographic ▁areas ▁where ▁this ▁is ▁expressed . ▁In ▁addition , ▁the ▁yellow ing ▁is ▁not ▁uniform , ▁but ▁rather ▁this ▁pig ment ation ▁proceed s ▁from ▁lighter ▁to ▁dark er ▁from ▁the ▁low erm ost ▁scales ▁upward ▁to ▁the ▁d ors um , ▁or ▁" back ", ▁presenting ▁a ▁multiple ▁yellow ish ▁band . ▁ ▁Early ▁expression ▁of ▁yellow ing ▁appears ▁as ▁early ▁as ▁ 3 ▁months ▁and ▁continues ▁through ▁the ▁first ▁ 3 ▁years . ▁As ▁adults ▁age , ▁ ▁a ▁grad ual ▁dark ening ▁of ▁the ▁yellow ish ▁band ing ▁occurs . ▁The ▁yellow ▁pig ment ation ▁varies ▁from ▁lemon , ▁to ▁school - bus ▁yellow , ▁to ▁t anger ine , ▁to ▁apr ic ot . ▁ ▁Scar let ▁kings n akes ▁are ▁secret ive , ▁no ct urn al , ▁foss orial ▁sn akes , ▁so ▁are ▁inf requ ently ▁seen ▁by ▁people . ▁They ▁are ▁excellent ▁clim bers . ▁ ▁They ▁can ▁be ▁found ▁underneath ▁the ▁loose ▁bark ▁on ▁rott ing ▁p ines ▁( which ▁is ▁a ▁favorite ▁place ▁for ▁them ▁to ▁hide ▁during ▁spring ▁or ▁during ▁heavy ▁r ains ), ▁under ▁the ▁bark ▁on ▁dying ▁or ▁decay ing ▁p ines ▁and ▁their ▁st umps , ▁and ▁decay ing ▁wood , ▁where ▁they ▁hunt ▁for ▁their ▁favorite ▁prey , ▁small ▁sn akes ▁and ▁l iz ards , ▁especially ▁sk inks . ▁H atch ling ▁scar let ▁kings n akes ▁show

▁a ▁strong ▁pre dis position ▁for ▁ground ▁sk inks , ▁Sc inc ella ▁later alis , ▁often ▁to ▁the ▁excl usion ▁of ▁other ▁prey ▁items . ▁ ▁In ▁other ▁media ▁ ▁Film ▁A ▁scar let ▁kings n ake ▁is ▁mic row aved ▁by ▁Ken ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁thr iller / action ▁film ▁Sn akes ▁on ▁a ▁Pl ane . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁Con ant , ▁Roger . ▁ 1 9 7 5 . ▁A ▁Field ▁Guide ▁to ▁Re pt iles ▁and ▁Am ph ib ians ▁of ▁Eastern ▁and ▁Central ▁North ▁America , ▁Second ▁Edition . ▁Boston : ▁H ought on ▁M if fl in . ▁x v iii ▁+ ▁ 4 2 9 ▁pp . ▁ ▁( hard cover ), ▁ ▁( paper back ). ▁( L am prop elt is ▁tri ang ulum ▁el ap so ides , ▁p .   2 0 9 ▁+ ▁Pl ate ▁ 3 0 ▁+ ▁Map ▁ 1 5 3 .) ▁Hol bro ok , ▁John ▁Edwards . ▁ 1 9 3 6 . ▁North ▁American ▁Her pet ology ; ▁or , ▁A ▁Description ▁of ▁the ▁Re pt iles ▁In hab iting ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁Vol . ▁II . ▁Philadelphia : ▁J . ▁Dob son . ▁ 1 3 0 ▁pp . ▁+ ▁Pl ates ▁I .- ▁XXX . ▁( Col uber ▁el ap so ides , ▁pp .   1 2 3 – 1 2 5 ▁+ ▁Pl ate ▁XX V III .) ▁Sch midt , ▁Karl

▁P .; ▁Davis , ▁D . ▁D w ight . ▁ 1 9 4 1 . ▁Field ▁Book ▁of ▁Sn akes ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁Canada . ▁New ▁York : ▁G . P . ▁Put nam ' s ▁S ons . ▁ 3 6 5 ▁pp . ▁( L am prop elt is ▁el ap so ides , ▁p .   1 7 3 ▁+ ▁Pl ate ▁ 6 .) ▁Smith , ▁Hob art ▁M .; ▁Bro die , ▁Ed mund ▁D ., ▁Jr . ▁ 1 9 8 2 . ▁Re pt iles ▁of ▁North ▁America : ▁A ▁Guide ▁to ▁Field ▁Ident ification . ▁New ▁York : ▁Golden ▁Press . ▁ 2 4 0 ▁pp . ▁. ▁( L am prop elt is ▁tri ang ulum ▁el ap so ides , ▁pp .   1 8 0 – 1 8 1 .) ▁Wright , ▁Albert ▁Haz en ; ▁Wright , ▁Anna ▁Allen . ▁ 1 9 5 7 . ▁Hand book ▁of ▁Sn akes ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁Canada . ▁I th aca ▁and ▁London : ▁Com stock . ▁ 1 , 1 0 5 ▁pp . ▁( in ▁two ▁volumes ) ▁( L am prop elt is ▁d oli ata ▁d oli ata , ▁pp .   3 5 1 – 3 5 5 , ▁Figure ▁ 1 0 6 ▁+ ▁Map ▁ 3 1 ▁on ▁p .   3 3 8 .) ▁ ▁Scar let ▁Kings n ake ▁Category : Sn akes ▁of ▁North ▁America ▁Category : Re

pt iles ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : F a una ▁of ▁the ▁Sout he astern ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Re pt iles ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 8 3 8 ▁Category : Tax a ▁named ▁by ▁John ▁Edwards ▁Hol bro ok <0x0A> </s> ▁Kan j igan ▁( , ▁also ▁Roman ized ▁as ▁Kan j ī g ā n ) ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁S ard as ht ▁R ural ▁District , ▁Z ey d un ▁District , ▁Be h b ahan ▁County , ▁Kh uz est an ▁Province , ▁Iran . ▁At ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁census , ▁its ▁population ▁was ▁ 9 8 , ▁in ▁ 1 6 ▁families . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁Be h b ahan ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁Steven ▁Anthony ▁Tamb ell ini ▁( born ▁May ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 1 9 5 8 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Canadian ▁former ▁N HL ▁player ▁and ▁was ▁the ▁general ▁manager ▁for ▁the ▁Ed mont on ▁Oil ers , ▁from ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁to ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁He ▁is ▁currently ▁a ▁sc out ▁for ▁the ▁Ana heim ▁D ucks ▁ ▁Play ing ▁career ▁Steve ▁Tamb ell ini ▁played ▁his ▁junior ▁hockey ▁for ▁the ▁L eth bridge ▁Bron cos ▁of ▁the ▁W HL ▁from ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 5 – 7 6 ▁season ▁until ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 7 – 7 8 ▁season , ▁where ▁he ▁scored ▁ 1 5 5 ▁goals ▁and ▁not ched ▁

1 8 1 ▁ass ists ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 ▁games . ▁He ▁would ▁earn ▁the ▁Jim ▁P igg ott ▁Memorial ▁Tro phy ▁as ▁the ▁top ▁ro ok ie ▁in ▁the ▁league ▁for ▁his ▁effort ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 5 – 7 6 ▁season . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁N HL ▁Entry ▁D raft , ▁Tamb ell ini ▁was ▁chosen ▁ 1 5 th ▁overall ▁by ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁Island ers . ▁He ▁would ▁spend ▁two ▁years ▁with ▁New ▁York , ▁winning ▁a ▁Stanley ▁Cup ▁with ▁them ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁season . ▁He ▁was ▁dealt ▁at ▁the ▁trade ▁deadline ▁the ▁next ▁season ▁along ▁with ▁Ch ico ▁Res ch ▁to ▁the ▁Colorado ▁Rock ies ▁in ▁exchange ▁for ▁Mike ▁Mc E wen . ▁He ▁stayed ▁with ▁Colorado ▁for ▁two ▁seasons , ▁including ▁their ▁first ▁season ▁as ▁the ▁New ▁Jersey ▁Dev ils ▁as ▁the ▁franchise ▁was ▁rel oc ated ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 2 . ▁While ▁playing ▁for ▁the ▁New ▁Jersey ▁Dev ils , ▁Tamb ell ini ▁scored ▁the ▁new ▁team ' s ▁first ▁ever ▁hat ▁trick ▁on ▁December ▁ 3 , ▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁in ▁a ▁ 5 - 4 ▁victory ▁over ▁Hart ford . ▁After ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 2 – 8 3 ▁season , ▁Steve ▁was ▁traded ▁to ▁the ▁Cal g ary ▁Fl ames . ▁He ▁would ▁remain ▁there ▁for ▁two ▁seasons ▁before ▁signing ▁on ▁as ▁a ▁free ▁agent ▁with ▁the ▁Vancouver ▁Can ucks , ▁where ▁he ▁would ▁round

▁out ▁his ▁N HL ▁career . ▁ ▁He ▁would ▁go ▁on ▁to ▁play ▁a ▁minor ▁amount ▁of ▁time ▁in ▁both ▁the ▁Swiss ▁Hockey ▁League ▁and ▁the ▁Aust rian ▁Hockey ▁League . ▁ ▁International ▁Play ▁During ▁his ▁career , ▁Steve ▁Tamb ell ini ▁represented ▁Canada ▁on ▁three ▁separate ▁occasions : ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁he ▁played ▁for ▁Team ▁Canada ▁in ▁the ▁World ▁Junior ▁Hockey ▁Championship , ▁winning ▁a ▁bronze ▁medal ▁after ▁scoring ▁two ▁goals ▁and ▁two ▁ass ists . ▁He ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁World ▁Hockey ▁Championship ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁Winter ▁Olympics ▁in ▁Cal g ary , ▁Alber ta , ▁Canada , ▁where ▁he ▁scored ▁a ▁goal ▁and ▁three ▁ass ists . ▁ ▁After ▁retirement ▁After ▁his ▁retirement ▁from ▁hockey , ▁he ▁was ▁hired ▁by ▁the ▁Can ucks ▁as ▁the ▁Director ▁of ▁Public ▁and ▁Media ▁Rel ations ▁and ▁remained ▁with ▁the ▁franchise ▁until ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁he ▁would ▁be ▁promoted ▁to ▁Senior ▁Vice ▁President ▁of ▁Hockey ▁Operations . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁his ▁position ▁would ▁change ▁again , ▁this ▁time ▁to ▁the ▁Vice ▁President ▁of ▁Player ▁Person nel . ▁In ▁this ▁position ▁he ▁would ▁over see ▁player ▁development ▁and ▁professional ▁player ▁sc outing , ▁until ▁eventually ▁being ▁named ▁Assistant ▁General ▁Manager ▁to ▁Dave ▁Non is ▁and ▁to ▁Mike ▁Gill is ▁after ▁Non is ▁was ▁fired ▁by ▁the ▁Can ucks ▁on ▁April ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁ ▁In ▁

2 0 0 2 , ▁he ▁was ▁the ▁Director ▁of ▁Player ▁Person nel ▁for ▁the ▁gold ▁medal ▁winning ▁Canadian ▁Olympic ▁Men ' s ▁Ice ▁Hockey ▁Team ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁Winter ▁Olympics . ▁He ▁would ▁be ▁reward ed ▁again , ▁being ▁named ▁the ▁Director ▁of ▁Player ▁Person nel ▁for ▁both ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁World ▁Junior ▁Ice ▁Hockey ▁Championships ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁World ▁Cup ▁of ▁Hockey . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁he ▁was ▁indu cted ▁into ▁the ▁British ▁Columbia ▁Hockey ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame . ▁ ▁On ▁July ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁he ▁was ▁named ▁General ▁Manager ▁of ▁the ▁Ed mont on ▁Oil ers ▁after ▁the ▁Oil ers ▁promoted ▁Kevin ▁L owe ▁to ▁President ▁of ▁Hockey ▁Operations . ▁ ▁On ▁April ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁he ▁was ▁fired ▁by ▁the ▁Ed mont on ▁Oil ers , ▁and ▁was ▁replaced ▁by ▁Craig ▁Mac T av ish . ▁The ▁Ana heim ▁D ucks ▁hired ▁Tamb ell ini ▁as ▁a ▁part - time ▁sc out ▁on ▁November ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁His ▁father , ▁Add ie ▁Tamb ell ini , ▁helped ▁the ▁Trail ▁Sm oke ▁E aters ▁win ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 1 ▁World ▁Ice ▁Hockey ▁Championships , ▁the ▁last ▁Canadian ▁amateur ▁team ▁to ▁do ▁so . ▁His ▁oldest ▁son , ▁Jeff ▁Tamb ell ini , ▁was ▁draft ed ▁ 2 7

th ▁overall ▁by ▁the ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁Kings ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁N HL ▁Entry ▁D raft . ▁Jeff ▁is ▁now ▁following ▁in ▁his ▁grand f athers ▁foot ▁steps ▁becoming ▁the ▁Head ▁Coach ▁and ▁General ▁Manager ▁of ▁the ▁Trail ▁Sm oke ▁E aters ▁of ▁the ▁B CH L ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁His ▁youngest ▁son ▁Adam ▁Tamb ell ini , ▁was ▁draft ed ▁by ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁Rangers ▁ 6 5 th ▁overall ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁N HL ▁D raft ▁and ▁currently ▁plays ▁for ▁the ▁A HL ▁affiliate ▁of ▁the ▁Ott awa ▁Sen ators , ▁the ▁Bel lev ille ▁Sen ators . ▁ ▁Career ▁statistics ▁ ▁Regular ▁season ▁and ▁play offs ▁ ▁International ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : A na heim ▁D ucks ▁sc outs ▁Category : Cal g ary ▁Fl ames ▁players ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁ice ▁hockey ▁cent res ▁Category : Color ado ▁Rock ies ▁( N HL ) ▁players ▁Category : Ed mont on ▁Oil ers ▁execut ives ▁Category : I ce ▁hockey ▁people ▁from ▁British ▁Columbia ▁Category : I ce ▁hockey ▁players ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁Winter ▁Olympics ▁Category : L eth bridge ▁Bron cos ▁players ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : National ▁Hockey ▁League ▁first ▁round ▁draft ▁picks ▁Category : New ▁Jersey ▁Dev ils ▁players ▁Category : New ▁York ▁Island ers ▁draft ▁picks ▁Category : New ▁York ▁Island ers ▁players ▁Category

: O lymp ic ▁ice ▁hockey ▁players ▁of ▁Canada ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Trail , ▁British ▁Columbia ▁Category : St an ley ▁Cup ▁champions ▁Category : V ancouver ▁Can ucks ▁execut ives ▁Category : V ancouver ▁Can ucks ▁players ▁Category : V ancouver ▁Can ucks ▁sc outs <0x0A> </s> ▁G ed ros ia ▁is ▁a ▁dry , ▁mountain ous ▁country ▁along ▁the ▁north western ▁sh ores ▁of ▁the ▁Indian ▁Ocean . ▁It ▁was ▁occupied ▁in ▁the ▁Bron ze ▁Age ▁by ▁people ▁who ▁settled ▁in ▁the ▁few ▁o ases ▁in ▁the ▁region . ▁Other ▁people ▁settled ▁on ▁the ▁coast ▁and ▁became ▁known ▁in ▁Greek ▁as ▁Ich thy oph agi . ▁ ▁The ▁country ▁was ▁conqu ered ▁by ▁the ▁Pers ian ▁king ▁Cyr us ▁the ▁Great ▁( 5 5 9 - 5 3 0 ▁B CE ), ▁although ▁information ▁about ▁his ▁campaign ▁is ▁compar atively ▁late . ▁The ▁capital ▁of ▁G ed ros ia ▁was ▁P ura , ▁which ▁is ▁probably ▁identical ▁to ▁modern ▁B amp û r , ▁forty ▁kilom eters ▁west ▁of ▁Ir ân sh ahr . ▁ ▁G ed ros ia ▁became ▁famous ▁in ▁Europe ▁when ▁the ▁M aced on ian ▁king ▁Alexander ▁the ▁Great ▁tried ▁to ▁cross ▁the ▁G ed ros ian ▁desert ▁and ▁lost ▁one ▁third ▁of ▁his ▁men . ▁ ▁Several ▁scholars ▁have ▁argued ▁that ▁the ▁Pers ian ▁sat rap y ▁M aka ▁is ▁identical ▁to ▁G ed ros ia ▁( which ▁is ▁a ▁Greek ▁name ). ▁One ▁argument ▁is ▁the ▁similar ity ▁of ▁the ▁name ▁M

aka ▁to ▁the ▁modern ▁name ▁Mak ran , ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁Pakistan ▁and ▁Iran ▁that ▁is ▁situated ▁a ▁bit ▁more ▁to ▁the ▁east . ▁However , ▁it ▁is ▁more ▁likely ▁that ▁M aka ▁is ▁to ▁be ▁sought ▁in ▁modern ▁O man , ▁which ▁was ▁called ▁Mak eta ▁in ▁Ant iqu ity . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Par atan ▁( sat rap y ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : A cha emen id ▁sat rap ies <0x0A> </s> ▁Mik h ail ▁Ivan ov ▁( born ▁ 1 8 ▁April ▁ 1 9 5 8 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Russian ▁former ▁water ▁pol o ▁player ▁who ▁competed ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁Summer ▁Olympics . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : R ussian ▁male ▁water ▁pol o ▁players ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁water ▁pol o ▁players ▁of ▁the ▁Soviet ▁Union ▁Category : Water ▁pol o ▁players ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : Water ▁pol o ▁players ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁gold ▁medal ists ▁for ▁the ▁Soviet ▁Union ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁bronze ▁medal ists ▁for ▁the ▁Soviet ▁Union ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁medal ists ▁in ▁water ▁pol o ▁Category : Med al ists ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : Med al ists ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9

8 0 ▁Summer ▁Olympics <0x0A> </s> ▁Ben ▁Bag - Bag ▁( , ▁literally , ▁son ▁of ▁Bag - Bag ) ▁was ▁a ▁rab bin ic ▁sage ▁and ▁disc iple ▁of ▁H ille l ▁the ▁Eld er ▁during ▁the ▁late ▁Z ug ot ▁or ▁early ▁T ann ait ic ▁period . ▁As ide ▁from ▁a ▁single ▁maxim ▁quoted ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁M ish na ▁Av ot ▁( P ir ke i ▁Av ot ▁chapter ▁ 5 ) ▁he ▁is ▁not ▁mentioned . ▁There ▁he ▁says , ▁Turn ▁it , ▁and ▁turn ▁it , ▁for ▁everything ▁is ▁in ▁it . ▁Ref lect ▁on ▁it ▁and ▁grow ▁old ▁and ▁gray ▁with ▁it . ▁Don ' t ▁turn ▁from ▁it , ▁for ▁nothing ▁is ▁better ▁than ▁it . ▁This ▁maxim ▁is ▁followed ▁by ▁that ▁of ▁another ▁sage , ▁ben ▁H ai - H ai ▁( ). ▁Some ▁considered ▁ben ▁Bag - Bag ▁and ▁ben ▁H ai - H ai ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁same ▁person . ▁ ▁A ▁tradition ▁recorded ▁by ▁T os af os ▁in ▁Ch ag ig ah ▁ 9 b ▁has ▁it ▁that ▁both ▁ben ▁Bag - Bag ▁and ▁ben ▁H ai - H ai ▁were ▁conver ts ▁to ▁Jud a ism ▁( ger im ). ▁Some ▁spec ulate ▁that ▁their ▁unusual ▁names ▁hid ▁the ▁true ▁ident ities ▁of ▁ger im ▁per secut ed ▁by ▁Roman ▁authorities ▁during ▁the ▁Roman ▁occupation ▁of ▁the ▁Land ▁of ▁Israel . ▁Another ▁Rab bin ic ▁tradition ▁holds ▁that ▁ben ▁Bag - Bag ▁was ▁the ▁person ▁( s ometimes

▁described ▁as ▁a ▁Roman ▁soldier ) ▁who ▁in ▁a ▁tale ▁of ▁Sh amma i ▁and ▁H ille l ▁requests ▁the ▁s ages ▁to ▁teach ▁him ▁the ▁whole ▁Tor ah ▁while ▁standing ▁on ▁one ▁foot . ▁ ▁Some ▁would ▁also ▁identify ▁ben ▁Bag - Bag ▁with ▁Y o ḥ an an ▁ben ▁Bag - Bag ▁( ), ▁a ▁t anna ▁mentioned ▁several ▁times ▁in ▁the ▁Tal m ud . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : M ish nah ▁r abb is ▁Category : P ir ke i ▁Av ot ▁r abb is ▁Category : Con verts ▁to ▁Jud a ism <0x0A> </s> ▁Harry ▁Sid ney ▁Nich ols ▁( 1 4 ▁August ▁ 1 8 6 5 ▁– ▁ 3 0 ▁November ▁ 1 9 4 1 ) ▁was ▁an ▁English ▁publisher ▁of ▁er ot ica . ▁ ▁Nich ols ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁W ort ley , ▁Le eds , ▁York shire , ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁glass ▁merchant ▁William ▁Nich ols ▁and ▁his ▁wife , ▁Mary ▁Hart ley ▁Nich ols . ▁He ▁went ▁into ▁business ▁as ▁ant iqu arian ▁book ▁dealer , ▁but ▁he ▁made ▁his ▁fortune ▁as ▁a ▁She ff ield ▁publisher ▁and ▁printer ▁of ▁high - end ▁er ot ica ▁in ▁partnership ▁with ▁Leonard ▁Smith ers ▁which ▁included ▁such ▁works ▁as ▁Sir ▁Richard ▁Francis ▁Bur ton ' s ▁translation ▁of ▁the ▁Book ▁of ▁One ▁Th ous and ▁and ▁One ▁N ights . ▁In ▁ 1 8 8 8 ▁they ▁formed ▁the ▁E rot ika ▁B ib l ion ▁Society , ▁for ▁which ▁Smith

ers ▁acted ▁as ▁printer . ▁ ▁Under ▁threat ▁of ▁arrest ▁under ▁strict ▁Victorian ▁porn ography ▁laws , ▁Nich ols ▁went ▁into ▁ex ile ▁in ▁Paris ▁from ▁ 1 9 0 0 ▁to ▁ 1 9 0 8 , ▁publishing ▁by ▁mail - order ▁to ▁England . ▁▁▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 0 8 , ▁Nich ols , ▁being ▁threatened ▁with ▁extr ad ition ▁to ▁England , ▁migr ated ▁to ▁St am ford , ▁Connecticut , ▁New ▁York ▁City . ▁His ▁mist ress , ▁Annie , ▁pregnant ▁with ▁twin ▁daughters , ▁A ime e ▁and ▁Mar cia , ▁followed ▁him ▁shortly . ▁Nich ols ▁continued ▁to ▁publish ▁er ot ica ▁until ▁ 1 9 3 9 , ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁committed ▁to ▁Bel lev ue ▁M ental ▁Hospital , ▁where ▁he ▁died ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 1 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁ ▁James ▁G . ▁Nelson , ▁Pub lisher ▁to ▁the ▁Dec ad ents : ▁Leonard ▁Smith ers ▁in ▁the ▁Care ers ▁of ▁Be ards ley , ▁Wil de , ▁Dow son , ▁R iv end ale ▁Press , ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁The ▁Book ▁of ▁the ▁Th ous and ▁N ights ▁and ▁a ▁Night ▁Vol ▁VI ▁translated ▁by ▁Richard ▁F . ▁Bur ton ▁on ▁The ▁Internet ▁Arch ive . ▁ ▁Category : Book ▁publishing ▁companies ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁Category : B rit ish ▁book ▁publish ers ▁( people ) ▁Category : 1 8 6 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9

4 1 ▁deaths ▁Category : People ▁from ▁W ort ley , ▁Le eds ▁Category : B rit ish ▁exp atri ates ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : B rit ish ▁exp atri ates ▁in ▁France <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁At i wa ▁District ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁twenty - one ▁( 2 1 ) ▁districts ▁of ▁the ▁Eastern ▁Region ▁of ▁south ▁Gh ana . ▁The ▁capital ▁is ▁K w ab eng . ▁ ▁History ▁At i wa ▁district ▁was ▁carved ▁out ▁of ▁what ▁is ▁now ▁the ▁East ▁Ak im ▁Municipal ▁district ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁by ▁the ▁N PP ▁K uf u or ▁government . ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁settlement s ▁ ▁Foot notes ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : D istrict s ▁of ▁Gh ana ▁Category : D istrict s ▁of ▁the ▁Eastern ▁Region ▁( G h ana ) ▁Category : States ▁and ▁territor ies ▁established ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁Category : 2 0 0 4 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Gh ana <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Set ai ▁Hotel ▁and ▁Res id ences , ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁The ▁Set ai ▁Miami ▁Beach ▁and ▁The ▁Set ai ▁South ▁Beach , ▁is ▁a ▁high ▁rise ▁luxury ▁hotel ▁and ▁cond omin ium ▁located ▁in ▁South ▁Beach , ▁Miami ▁Beach , ▁Florida . ▁The ▁building ▁has ▁ 3 8 ▁floors ▁and ▁is ▁ 1 1 7 . 5 ▁meters ▁tall , ▁making ▁it ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁tall est ▁buildings ▁in ▁Miami ▁Beach . ▁The ▁hotel , ▁designed ▁by ▁Jean - Mic hel ▁G ath y ,

▁includes ▁a ▁recording ▁studio ▁and ▁a ▁ ▁pent house ▁that ▁includes ▁a ▁ro oft op ▁pool ▁and ▁j ac uz zi . ▁ ▁Gallery ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Res idential ▁sky sc rap ers ▁in ▁Miami ▁Beach , ▁Florida ▁Category : S ky sc rap er ▁hotels ▁in ▁Miami ▁Beach , ▁Florida ▁Category : 2 0 0 4 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Florida ▁Category : Res idential ▁buildings ▁completed ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁Category : Hot els ▁established ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 <0x0A> </s> ▁Bas com ▁S ine ▁De aver ▁( N ovember ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 1 8 8 2 ▁– ▁October ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 1 9 4 4 ) ▁was ▁a ▁United ▁States ▁District ▁Judge ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁District ▁Court ▁for ▁the ▁Middle ▁District ▁of ▁Georgia . ▁ ▁Education ▁and ▁career ▁ ▁Born ▁in ▁Union ▁County , ▁Georgia , ▁De aver ▁received ▁an ▁Art ium ▁B ac cal a ure us ▁from ▁Mer cer ▁University ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 7 ▁and ▁a ▁Bachelor ▁of ▁Law s ▁from ▁Mer cer ▁University ▁School ▁of ▁Law ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 0 . ▁He ▁was ▁in ▁private ▁practice ▁in ▁Mac on , ▁Georgia ▁from ▁ 1 9 1 0 ▁to ▁ 1 9 2 2 . ▁He ▁was ▁an ▁Assistant ▁United ▁States ▁Attorney ▁of ▁the ▁Southern ▁District ▁of ▁Georgia ▁from ▁ 1 9 2 2 ▁to ▁ 1 9 2 6 , ▁and ▁then ▁was ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Attorney ▁for ▁the ▁Middle ▁District ▁of

▁Georgia ▁from ▁ 1 9 2 6 ▁to ▁ 1 9 2 8 . ▁ ▁Federal ▁jud icial ▁service ▁ ▁De aver ▁was ▁nominated ▁by ▁President ▁Cal vin ▁Cool idge ▁on ▁March ▁ 5 , ▁ 1 9 2 8 , ▁to ▁a ▁seat ▁on ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁District ▁Court ▁for ▁the ▁Middle ▁District ▁of ▁Georgia ▁vac ated ▁by ▁Judge ▁William ▁Jos iah ▁T il son . ▁He ▁was ▁confirmed ▁by ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Senate ▁on ▁March ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 1 9 2 8 , ▁and ▁received ▁his ▁commission ▁the ▁same ▁day . ▁His ▁service ▁term inated ▁on ▁October ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 1 9 4 4 , ▁due ▁to ▁his ▁death . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁S ources ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 8 8 2 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 4 4 ▁deaths ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁Att orneys ▁for ▁the ▁Middle ▁District ▁of ▁Georgia ▁Category : J ud ges ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁District ▁Court ▁for ▁the ▁Middle ▁District ▁of ▁Georgia ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁district ▁court ▁judges ▁appointed ▁by ▁Cal vin ▁Cool idge ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁American ▁judges ▁Category : Ass istant ▁United ▁States ▁Att orneys ▁Category : Mer cer ▁University ▁al umn i <0x0A> </s> ▁Vik tor ▁B ung til u ▁L ais k od at ▁( born ▁ 1 7 ▁February ▁ 1 9 6 5 ) ▁is ▁an ▁Indones ian ▁politician ▁who ▁is ▁the ▁ 8 th ▁governor ▁of ▁East ▁N usa ▁T eng g ara .

▁ ▁Born ▁in ▁K up ang , ▁he ▁was ▁elected ▁into ▁the ▁Indones ian ▁Parliament , ▁the ▁People ' s ▁Represent ative ▁Council ▁( D ew an ▁Per w ak il ian ▁R aky at , ▁sometimes ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁Represent atives ) ▁from ▁his ▁home ▁district ▁twice ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁although ▁he ▁did ▁not ▁serve ▁his ▁entire ▁second ▁term ▁because ▁he ▁resigned ▁to ▁run ▁for ▁governor . ▁ ▁Background ▁Vik tor ▁B ung til u ▁L ais k od at ▁was ▁born ▁as ▁the ▁last ▁child ▁of ▁L azar us ▁L ais k od at ▁and ▁Or pha ▁L ais k od at ▁K ase ▁in ▁O enes u , ▁in ▁the ▁western ▁part ▁of ▁K up ang ▁Reg ency . ▁He ▁is ▁a ▁Protest ant ▁Christian . ▁After ▁completing ▁his ▁first ▁ 1 2 ▁years ▁of ▁education ▁at ▁K up ang ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 5 , ▁he ▁studied ▁law ▁in ▁Jak arta ' s ▁Indones ian ▁Law ▁Institute ▁( S ek ol ah ▁T ing gi ▁Il mu ▁H uk um ▁Indonesia ), ▁getting ▁his ▁b achel ors ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁he ▁graduated ▁from ▁Sat ya ▁W ac ana ▁Christian ▁University ▁in ▁Sal at iga , ▁earning ▁a ▁master ' s ▁degree ▁in ▁development ▁studies . ▁ ▁Career ▁After ▁gradu ating , ▁L ais k od at ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁lawyer ▁and ▁law ▁consultant ,

▁own ing ▁his ▁own ▁law ▁firm ▁( V ik tor ▁B . ▁L ais k od at ▁Law ▁F irm ). ▁He ▁also ▁became ▁commission er ▁at ▁several ▁companies . ▁ ▁Parliament ▁He ▁was ▁first ▁elected ▁to ▁the ▁People ' s ▁Represent ative ▁Council ▁as ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁Gol kar ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁from ▁the ▁N TT ▁II ▁district , ▁which ▁included ▁S umb a , ▁Tim or , ▁and ▁surrounding ▁islands . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁he ▁did ▁not ▁gain ▁a ▁seat . ▁However , ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁he ▁ran ▁as ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁Nas dem ▁Party ▁and ▁won ▁a ▁seat ▁after ▁secur ing ▁ 7 7 , 5 5 5 ▁votes ▁- ▁third ▁place ▁out ▁of ▁a ▁qu ota ▁of ▁seven . ▁In ▁his ▁second ▁term ▁at ▁the ▁council , ▁he ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁Commission ▁I ▁and ▁also ▁was ▁the ▁speaker ▁of ▁Nas dem ' s ▁f action ▁in ▁the ▁parliament . ▁During ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁presidential ▁election , ▁he ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁J oko ▁W id odo ' s ▁campaign ▁team . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁President ▁of ▁Indonesia ▁J oko ▁W id odo ▁released ▁an ▁executive ▁order ▁( Per atur an ▁P em er int ah ▁P eng g anti ▁Und ang - Und ang ) ▁allowing ▁the ▁government ▁to ▁dis band ▁mass ▁organizations ▁deemed ▁oppos ing ▁the ▁state ' s ▁ide ology , ▁with ▁opposition ▁parties ▁and ▁several ▁rights ▁organizations ▁condem

ning ▁the ▁move . ▁L ais k od at ▁def ended ▁the ▁law ▁and ▁attacked ▁the ▁oppos ing ▁parties , ▁calling ▁them ▁" int oler ant ▁parties ▁which ▁support ▁changing ▁the ▁government ▁form ▁to ▁a ▁k h il af ah " ▁in ▁an ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁speech ▁at ▁K up ang . ▁The ▁parties ▁denied ▁his ▁accus ations ▁and ▁su ed ▁him ▁for ▁def am ation . ▁Due ▁to ▁both ▁imm unity ▁of ▁legisl ators ▁and ▁his ▁g ubern ator ial ▁bid ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁g ubern ator ial ▁election , ▁the ▁case ▁was ▁delayed . ▁Islamic ▁groups ▁affili ated ▁with ▁the ▁ 2 1 2 ▁movement ▁later ▁held ▁protests ▁demanding ▁his ▁arrest ▁and ▁trial ▁for ▁bl asp he my . ▁ ▁He ▁resigned ▁from ▁the ▁council ▁to ▁run ▁as ▁governor , ▁and ▁was ▁replaced ▁on ▁ 2 0 ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁by ▁Jack i ▁U li . ▁ ▁Governor ▁He ▁ran ▁for ▁govern orship ▁of ▁East ▁N usa ▁T eng g ara ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁election . ▁Pa ired ▁with ▁Josef ▁N ae ▁So i ▁as ▁running ▁mate , ▁he ▁won ▁the ▁four - c andidate ▁race ▁with ▁ 8 3 8 , 2 1 3 ▁votes ▁( 3 5 . 6 % ). ▁L ais k od at ▁was ▁sw orn ▁in ▁on ▁ 5 ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁Im medi ately ▁after ▁being ▁sw orn ▁in , ▁L ais k od at ▁announced

▁to ▁media ▁that ▁he ▁would ▁put ▁a ▁mor ator ium ▁on ▁mining ▁in ▁the ▁province . ▁The ▁mor ator ium ▁was ▁issued ▁on ▁ 1 4 ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁but ▁environmental ▁activ ists ▁critic ized ▁the ▁regulation ▁for ▁ ▁only ▁sus pending ▁mining ▁activities ▁in ▁the ▁province ▁to ▁evaluate ▁existing ▁regulations , ▁instead ▁of ▁hal ting ▁mining ▁entirely . ▁ ▁Short ly ▁after ▁he ▁became ▁governor , ▁L ais k od at ▁stated ▁his ▁intent ▁to ▁legal ize ▁the ▁brew ing ▁of ▁local ▁alcohol ic ▁be ver ages ▁in ▁the ▁province ▁- ▁namely , ▁M oke ▁in ▁Flo res ▁and ▁S op i ▁in ▁Tim or . ▁The ▁be verage , ▁which ▁was ▁to ▁be ▁called ▁" S oph ia ", ▁was ▁planned ▁to ▁begin ▁production ▁in ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁ ▁In ▁early ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁his ▁administration ▁announced ▁plans ▁to ▁close ▁Kom odo ▁Island ▁to ▁visitors ▁for ▁a ▁year ▁to ▁allow ▁the ▁government ▁to ▁manage ▁the ▁park ▁better ▁and ▁increase ▁the ▁population ▁of ▁both ▁deer ▁and ▁the ▁l iz ards . ▁In ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁it ▁was ▁confirmed ▁that ▁Kom odo ▁Island ▁would ▁be ▁closed ▁for ▁a ▁period ▁to ▁tour ism ▁beginning ▁in ▁ 2 0 2 0 ▁to ▁allow ▁a ▁conservation ▁program ▁to ▁be ▁implemented . ▁ ▁L ais k od at ▁has ▁also ▁publicly ▁spoke ▁out ▁in ▁opposition ▁to ▁hal al ▁tour ism ▁in ▁the ▁area , ▁stating ▁that ▁" t our ism ▁has ▁nothing

▁to ▁do ▁with ▁religion ". ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁the ▁provincial ▁government ▁announced ▁its ▁plans ▁to ▁open ▁a ▁provincial ▁trade ▁office ▁in ▁neighbor ing ▁East ▁Tim or . ▁ ▁In ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁L ais k od at ▁publicly ▁called ▁for ▁the ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Commun ication ▁and ▁Information ▁Technology ▁to ▁block ▁access ▁to ▁Facebook ▁in ▁Indonesia , ▁calling ▁for ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁a ▁local ▁social ▁media ▁platform ▁similar ▁to ▁the ▁Chinese ▁internet . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 9 - 2 0 ▁coron avirus ▁pandemic , ▁L ais k od at ▁agreed ▁to ▁provide ▁quar antine ▁to ▁ 1 7 ▁East ▁Tim or ▁nation als ▁returning ▁from ▁China ▁in ▁N TT , ▁as ▁East ▁Tim or ▁had ▁no ▁quar antine ▁facilities ▁and ▁initial ▁requests ▁to ▁quar antine ▁them ▁in ▁B ali ▁had ▁been ▁rejected ▁by ▁B ali ' s ▁administration . ▁As ▁the ▁virus ▁spread ▁in ▁Indonesia , ▁he ▁instruct ed ▁schools ▁to ▁close ▁by ▁ 2 0 ▁March , ▁at ▁which ▁point ▁the ▁province ▁had ▁ 3 8 ▁people ▁under ▁monitoring ▁for ▁the ▁disease . ▁ ▁Family ▁He ▁is ▁married ▁to ▁Julie ▁S ut ris no ▁L ais k od at , ▁a ▁graduate ▁of ▁U T ▁Ar lington . ▁The ▁couple ▁has ▁three ▁sons . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : N as dem ▁Party ▁politicians ▁Category : Members ▁of ▁the ▁People ' s ▁Represent ative ▁Council , ▁

2 0 0 4 ▁Category : Members ▁of ▁the ▁People ' s ▁Represent ative ▁Council , ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁Category : People ▁from ▁K up ang ▁Category : G overn ors ▁of ▁East ▁N usa ▁T eng g ara ▁Category : Ind ones ian ▁Protest ants <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁L MS ▁Iv att ▁Class ▁ 4 ▁ 2 - 6 - 0 ▁is ▁a ▁class ▁of ▁steam ▁loc omot ive ▁primarily ▁designed ▁for ▁medium ▁fre ight ▁work ▁but ▁also ▁widely ▁used ▁on ▁secondary ▁passenger ▁services . ▁The ▁London ▁Mid land ▁and ▁Scottish ▁Railway ▁( L MS ) ▁built ▁ 1 6 2 ▁of ▁this ▁type ▁between ▁ 1 9 4 7 ▁and ▁ 1 9 5 2 , ▁but ▁only ▁three ▁were ▁built ▁by ▁the ▁L MS ▁before ▁national isation ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 8 . ▁ ▁Des igned ▁by ▁H . G . ▁Iv att , ▁they ▁were ▁classified ▁ 4 F ▁by ▁the ▁L MS ▁and ▁ 4 MT ▁by ▁BR . ▁In ▁BR ▁days ▁they ▁were ▁used ▁extens ively ▁across ▁the ▁system , ▁being ▁preval ent ▁on ▁the ▁London ▁Mid land ▁region ▁and ▁to ▁a ▁lesser ▁extent ▁elsewhere , ▁notably ▁on ▁the ▁Mid land ▁and ▁Great ▁Northern ▁J oint ▁Railway , ▁an ▁East ▁Ang l ian ▁line ▁that ▁had ▁previously ▁been ▁joint ▁owned ▁by ▁the ▁L MS ▁and ▁L NER , ▁where ▁they ▁became ▁the ▁dominant ▁loc omot ive ▁type . ▁They ▁were ▁also ▁used ▁for ▁a ▁short ▁period ▁on ▁the ▁Som erset ▁and ▁Dor set ▁J

oint ▁Railway , ▁but ▁were ▁quickly ▁transferred ▁elsewhere , ▁never ▁to ▁return , ▁because ▁of ▁poor ▁ste aming ▁on ▁the ▁line ' s ▁long ▁and ▁steep ▁grad ients ▁– ▁this ▁was ▁before ▁modifications ▁were ▁made ▁to ▁the ▁design ▁which ▁improved ▁ste aming ▁notably . ▁ ▁Number ing ▁The ▁first ▁three ▁engines ▁were ▁number ed ▁ 3 0 0 0 – 3 0 0 2 ▁by ▁the ▁L MS , ▁but ▁became ▁ 4 3 0 0 0 – 4 3 0 0 2 ▁when ▁re number ed ▁by ▁BR ▁– ▁ 4 0 0 0 0 ▁was ▁added ▁to ▁the ▁running ▁number ▁to ▁indicate ▁an ▁ex - L MS ▁loc omot ive . ▁The ▁remaining ▁ 1 5 9 , ▁built ▁by ▁BR , ▁continued ▁the ▁number ▁sequence : ▁ 4 3 0 0 3 – 4 3 1 6 1 . ▁Construction ▁was ▁divided ▁between ▁different ▁locations , ▁ 7 5 ▁were ▁completed ▁at ▁Hor wich ▁Works , ▁ 5 0 ▁at ▁Don c aster ▁Works ▁and ▁ 3 7 ▁at ▁Dar lington ▁Works . ▁The ▁class ▁was ▁also ▁sometimes ▁called ▁m ucky ▁d ucks ▁or ▁do od le bug s ▁or ▁even ▁flying ▁p igs . ▁ ▁Design ▁The ▁design ▁was ▁noted ▁for ▁its ▁American ▁looks ▁– ▁the ▁running - pl ates ▁were ▁positioned ▁at ▁a ▁high ▁level ▁and ▁a ▁gap ▁left ▁ahead ▁of ▁the ▁cyl ind ers . ▁Because ▁of ▁this ▁many ▁loc omot ive ▁enthusi asts ▁considered ▁it ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁u g liest ▁British ▁loc omot ive ▁produced

, ▁especially ▁those ▁loc omot ives ▁out shop ped ▁with ▁double ▁chim neys ▁( the ▁first ▁ 5 0 ▁engines ); ▁however , ▁these ▁gave ▁poor ▁performance ▁and ▁were ▁quickly ▁replaced ▁with ▁single ▁chim neys . ▁The ▁loc omot ives ▁also ▁incorporated ▁new ▁mechanical ▁features ▁intended ▁to ▁reduce ▁maintenance ▁costs . ▁The ▁util itarian ▁appearance ▁was ▁a ▁deliber ate ▁design ▁decision ▁as ▁there ▁are ▁sk et ches ▁which ▁show ▁the ▁loc omot ive ▁with ▁conventional ▁cur ved ▁running ▁plates . ▁ ▁The ▁BR ▁Standard ▁Class ▁ 4 ▁ 2 - 6 - 0 ▁was ▁based ▁on ▁this ▁design . ▁ ▁Its ▁looks ▁were ▁improved ▁somewhat ▁by ▁the ▁re - design ▁of ▁the ▁outside ▁foot - pl ating , ▁to ▁include ▁a ▁sl oping ▁plate ▁to ▁fill ▁the ▁gap ▁ahead ▁of ▁the ▁cyl ind ers . ▁ ▁Acc idents ▁and ▁incidents ▁On ▁ 1 5 ▁November ▁ 1 9 6 4 , ▁loc omot ive ▁No . ▁ 4 3 0 7 2 ▁was ▁haul ing ▁a ▁fre ight ▁train ▁which ▁ran ▁away ▁and ▁crashed ▁at ▁Ad olph us ▁Street ▁Good s ▁Y ard , ▁Brad ford , ▁York shire . ▁The ▁loc omot ive ▁was ▁subsequently ▁scr apped ▁in ▁situ . ▁ ▁With draw al ▁The ▁class ▁were ▁withd rawn ▁between ▁ 1 9 6 3 ▁and ▁ 1 9 6 8 . ▁ ▁Pres ervation ▁ ▁Only ▁one ▁example ▁survived ▁into ▁preserv ation , ▁No ▁ 4 3 1 0 6 , ▁the ▁final ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁class ▁in ▁service , ▁which

▁was ▁based ▁at ▁Lost ock ▁Hall ▁dep ot , ▁near ▁Prest on . ▁Its ▁last ▁operational ▁turn ▁was ▁just ▁before ▁Easter ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 8 , ▁but ▁its ▁last ▁turn ▁was ▁interrupted ▁by ▁a ▁der ail ment ▁in ▁Col ne ▁Good s ▁Y ard . ▁Since ▁ 4 3 1 0 6 ▁had ▁already ▁been ▁selected ▁as ▁the ▁best ▁of ▁the ▁remaining ▁small ▁group , ▁a ▁' search ▁party ' ▁was ▁des pat ched ▁on ▁Easter ▁Tuesday ▁to ▁survey ▁the ▁damage . ▁It ▁was ▁felt ▁that ▁damage ▁was ▁so ▁minimal ▁the ▁prospect ive ▁owners ▁would ▁investigate ▁the ▁ease ▁of ▁a ▁repair . ▁▁ ▁On ▁its ▁return ▁to ▁Lost ock ▁Hall , ▁the ▁loc omot ive ▁was ▁rep aired ▁by ▁fit ters ▁from ▁Carn for th , ▁that ▁repair ▁exists ▁to ▁this ▁day . ▁However ▁it ▁der ailed ▁again ▁at ▁Lost ock ▁Hall ▁when ▁being ▁prepared ▁for ▁a ▁test ▁run ▁in ▁late ▁July . ▁It ▁was ▁ste amed ▁for ▁the ▁final ▁time ▁by ▁British ▁Rail ways ▁on ▁ 1 ▁August ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁and ▁depart ed ▁at ▁about ▁ 1 5 : 3 0 ▁with ▁one ▁member ▁of ▁its ▁new ▁own ing ▁cons ort ium ▁on ▁board . ▁This ▁was ▁only ▁after ▁length y ▁discussions ▁to ▁get ▁the ▁loc omot ive ▁moved ▁in ▁live ▁steam ▁before ▁ 4 ▁August , ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁steam ▁operation ▁on ▁BR . ▁The ▁journey ▁was ▁carefully ▁rout ed ▁to ▁limit ▁movement ▁' under ▁the ▁w ires ', ▁via ▁F rod sh am , ▁Che

ster ▁and ▁Sh rew sb ury . ▁The ▁journey ▁through ▁the ▁West ▁Mid lands ▁continued ▁via ▁W olver ham pton ▁High ▁Level ▁towards ▁Bes c ot ▁and ▁Ple ck ▁Jun ction , ▁where ▁after ▁a ▁movement ▁around ▁a ▁tri angular ▁jun ction ▁to ▁ensure ▁it ▁arrived ▁the ▁' right ▁way ▁round ' ▁the ▁light ▁engine ▁continued ▁on ▁to ▁St our bridge ▁Jun ction ▁where ▁it ▁was ▁st abled ▁overnight ▁in ▁the ▁exchange ▁sid ings , ▁now ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁extensive ▁car ▁park . ▁On ▁ 2 ▁August ▁it ▁continued ▁on ▁to ▁its ▁new ▁life ▁in ▁preserv ation ▁on ▁the ▁Sever n ▁Valley ▁Railway ▁appearing ▁on ▁the ▁front ▁page ▁of ▁the ▁Sh ro pshire ▁Journal ▁with ▁three ▁of ▁its ▁new ▁owners ▁giving ▁it ▁a ▁much ▁needed ▁clean . ▁It ▁is ▁affection ately ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁F lying ▁P ig , ▁although ▁many ▁railway men ▁referred ▁to ▁the ▁Iv att ▁ 4 s ▁as ▁D ood le bug s . ▁ ▁Between ▁ 1 9 7 5 ▁and ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁no ▁ 4 3 1 0 6 ▁saw ▁use ▁on ▁the ▁main line ▁haul ing ▁rail t ours . ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 5 ▁it ▁attended ▁the ▁Rail ▁ 1 5 0 ▁celebr ations ▁in ▁Sh ild on ▁& ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁it ▁took ▁part ▁in ▁the ▁R ocket ▁ 1 5 0 ▁celebr ations ▁at ▁Rain hill . ▁On ▁a ▁small ▁number ▁of ▁occasions ▁between ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁and ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁the

▁engine ▁saw ▁use ▁on ▁a ▁limited ▁number ▁of ▁rail t ours , ▁on ▁some ▁occasions ▁double ▁heading ▁with ▁fellow ▁SV R ▁based ▁engines ▁including : ▁ 5 0 0 0 , ▁ 7 8 1 2 ▁Er l est oke ▁Man or ▁& ▁ 8 0 0 7 9 . ▁ ▁A ▁major ▁over ha ul ▁of ▁the ▁loc omot ive ▁was ▁completed ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁and ▁it ▁is ▁currently ▁operational ▁after ▁having ▁damage ▁rep aired ▁that ▁it ▁received ▁during ▁a ▁der ail ment ▁at ▁Ham pton ▁Lo ade ▁soon ▁after ▁returning ▁to ▁service . ▁It ▁received ▁further ▁repairs ▁to ▁the ▁bo iler ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁which ▁included ▁a ▁new ▁bo iler ▁ticket . ▁ ▁Mod els ▁A ▁O O ▁gauge ▁model ▁of ▁ 4 3 1 0 6 ▁is ▁produced ▁by ▁Bach mann ▁Branch line , ▁who ▁also ▁produce ▁many ▁other ▁models ▁of ▁the ▁Class ▁ 4 , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁L MS ▁Iv att ▁Class ▁ 2 ▁ 2 - 6 - 0 ▁and ▁L MS ▁Iv att ▁Class ▁ 2 ▁ 2 - 6 - 2 T . ▁ ▁Gallery ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 4 ▁Iv att ▁Class ▁ 4 ▁Category : 2 - 6 - 0 ▁loc omot ives ▁Category : Pres erved ▁London , ▁Mid land ▁and ▁Scottish ▁Railway ▁steam ▁loc omot ives ▁Category : R ail way ▁loc omot ives ▁introduced ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 7 ▁Category : Standard ▁gauge ▁steam ▁loc omot ives ▁of ▁Great

▁Britain <0x0A> </s> ▁La ▁B elle ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁Robert ▁de ▁La ▁S alle ' s ▁four ▁ships ▁when ▁he ▁explored ▁the ▁Gulf ▁of ▁Mexico ▁with ▁the ▁ill - f ated ▁mission ▁of ▁starting ▁a ▁French ▁colony ▁at ▁the ▁mouth ▁of ▁the ▁Mississippi ▁River ▁in ▁ 1 6 8 5 . ▁ ▁La ▁B elle ▁was ▁wreck ed ▁in ▁present - day ▁Mat ag ord a ▁Bay ▁the ▁following ▁year , ▁do oming ▁La ▁S alle ' s ▁Texas ▁colony ▁to ▁failure . ▁ ▁The ▁wreck age ▁of ▁La ▁B elle ▁lay ▁forgotten ▁until ▁it ▁was ▁discovered ▁by ▁a ▁team ▁of ▁state ▁archae ologists ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 5 . ▁ ▁The ▁discovery ▁of ▁La ▁S alle ' s ▁flag ship ▁was ▁regarded ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁important ▁archae ological ▁finds ▁of ▁the ▁century ▁in ▁Texas , ▁and ▁a ▁major ▁exc av ation ▁was ▁launched ▁by ▁the ▁state ▁of ▁Texas ▁that , ▁over ▁a ▁period ▁of ▁about ▁a ▁year , ▁recovered ▁the ▁entire ▁ship w reck ▁and ▁over ▁a ▁million ▁art ifacts . ▁ ▁Historical ▁background ▁In ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 7 th ▁century , ▁much ▁of ▁North ▁America ▁had ▁been ▁claimed ▁by ▁European ▁countries . ▁ ▁Spain ▁claimed ▁Florida , ▁and ▁New ▁Spain ▁included ▁both ▁today ' s ▁Mexico ▁and ▁much ▁of ▁the ▁south western ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁continent . ▁The ▁northern ▁Atlantic ▁coast ▁was ▁claimed ▁by ▁Britain , ▁and ▁New ▁France ▁included ▁much ▁of ▁what ▁is ▁now ▁Canada ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁Illinois ▁Country . ▁ ▁France ▁feared ▁that

▁their ▁colon ies ▁in ▁the ▁center ▁of ▁the ▁continent ▁were ▁vulnerable ▁to ▁potential ▁attacks ▁from ▁their ▁neighbors . ▁In ▁ 1 6 8 1 , ▁French ▁noble man ▁Ren é - R ober t ▁C avel ier , ▁Sie ur ▁de ▁La ▁S alle , ▁launched ▁an ▁expedition ▁down ▁the ▁Mississippi ▁River ▁from ▁New ▁France , ▁expecting ▁to ▁find ▁a ▁path ▁to ▁the ▁Pacific ▁Ocean . ▁Instead , ▁La ▁S alle ▁found ▁a ▁route ▁to ▁the ▁Gulf ▁of ▁Mexico . ▁ ▁Although ▁Hern ando ▁de ▁S oto ▁had ▁explored ▁and ▁claimed ▁this ▁area ▁for ▁Spain ▁ 1 4 0   year s ▁before , ▁on ▁April ▁ 9 , ▁ 1 6 8 2 ▁La ▁S alle ▁claimed ▁the ▁Mississippi ▁River ▁valley ▁for ▁the ▁French ▁king , ▁Louis ▁XIV , ▁n aming ▁the ▁territory ▁Louisiana ▁in ▁his ▁honor . ▁ ▁La ▁S alle ▁knew ▁that ▁French ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁Mississippi ▁would ▁split ▁Spanish ▁Florida ▁from ▁New ▁Spain , ▁and ▁he ▁believed ▁that ▁the ▁Mississippi ▁River ▁was ▁near ▁the ▁edge ▁of ▁New ▁Spain . ▁On ▁his ▁return ▁to ▁France ▁in ▁ 1 6 8 3 , ▁La ▁S alle ▁argued ▁that ▁a ▁small ▁number ▁of ▁French men ▁could ▁successfully ▁inv ade ▁New ▁Spain ▁by ▁re lying ▁on ▁the ▁help ▁of ▁ 1 5 , 0 0 0   Ind ians ▁who ▁were ▁angry ▁over ▁Spanish ▁en slave ment . ▁This ▁had ▁been ▁suggested ▁as ▁early ▁as ▁ 1 6 7 8 ▁by ▁Diego ▁de ▁Pen al osa , ▁the ▁former ▁governor ▁of ▁New ▁Mexico

▁who ▁had ▁fled ▁to ▁France ▁after ▁being ▁targeted ▁by ▁the ▁In quis ition . ▁La ▁S alle ▁proposed ▁establishing ▁a ▁colony ▁at ▁the ▁mouth ▁of ▁the ▁Mississippi , ▁providing ▁a ▁base ▁for ▁promoting ▁Christianity ▁among ▁the ▁native ▁peoples ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁a ▁convenient ▁location ▁for ▁attacking ▁N ueva ▁V iz c aya ▁and ▁gaining ▁control ▁of ▁its ▁luc r ative ▁silver ▁mines . ▁After ▁Spain ▁declared ▁war ▁on ▁France ▁in ▁October ▁ 1 6 8 3 , ▁Louis ▁agreed ▁to ▁back ▁La ▁S alle , ▁ ▁whose ▁official ▁duties ▁now ▁included ▁" confirm ing ▁the ▁Indians ' ▁alleg iance ▁to ▁the ▁crown , ▁leading ▁them ▁to ▁the ▁true ▁faith , ▁and ▁maintaining ▁inter t rib al ▁peace ". ▁ ▁Construction ▁ ▁La ▁S alle ▁originally ▁intended ▁to ▁sail ▁to ▁New ▁France , ▁journey ▁over land ▁to ▁the ▁Illinois ▁Country , ▁and ▁then ▁sail ▁down ▁the ▁Mississippi ▁River ▁to ▁its ▁mouth , ▁where ▁he ▁would ▁plant ▁his ▁colony . ▁ ▁To ▁carry ▁his ▁supplies , ▁he ▁would ▁need ▁a ▁large ▁ship ▁to ▁tra verse ▁the ▁Atlantic ▁Ocean ▁and ▁a ▁smaller ▁one ▁to ▁transport ▁the ▁supplies ▁from ▁Illinois ▁to ▁the ▁Gulf ▁of ▁Mexico . ▁ ▁Louis ▁XIV ▁gave ▁La ▁S alle ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁two ▁ships , ▁Le ▁J oly ▁and ▁La ▁B elle . ▁ ▁Origin ally , ▁La ▁B elle ▁was ▁built ▁as ▁a ▁kit , ▁with ▁the ▁ship ▁frames ▁assigned ▁to ▁one ▁of ▁four ▁quadr ants ▁and ▁number ed ▁sequ entially ▁so ▁that ▁the ▁pieces ▁could ▁be ▁assembled ▁later . ▁ ▁The

▁pieces ▁were ▁intended ▁to ▁be ▁loaded ▁onto ▁Le ▁J oly ▁for ▁transport ▁to ▁North ▁America , ▁and ▁then ▁would ▁be ▁carried ▁over land ▁to ▁the ▁Mississippi ▁River . ▁ ▁At ▁that ▁point , ▁La ▁S alle ' s ▁men ▁would ▁as semble ▁the ▁ship , ▁and ▁it ▁would ▁be ▁used ▁to ▁carry ▁the ▁supplies ▁to ▁their ▁final ▁destination . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁king ' s ▁urg ing , ▁the ▁expedition ▁chose ▁instead ▁to ▁sail ▁directly ▁to ▁the ▁Gulf ▁of ▁Mexico ▁rather ▁than ▁to ▁New ▁France , ▁elim inating ▁the ▁need ▁for ▁a ▁ship ▁to ▁be ▁built ▁in ▁the ▁New ▁World . ▁ ▁As ▁the ▁J oly ▁was ▁already ▁heavily ▁l aden , ▁La ▁S alle ▁decided ▁that ▁the ▁ship ▁should ▁be ▁assembled ▁in ▁France ▁and ▁s ailed ▁across ▁the ▁ocean . ▁ ▁Although ▁there ▁were ▁some ▁questions ▁as ▁to ▁whether ▁the ▁ship ▁would ▁survive ▁an ▁ocean ▁crossing , ▁it ▁was ▁nevertheless ▁assembled ▁in ▁France ▁in ▁less ▁than ▁two   month s ▁and ▁prepared ▁for ▁its ▁journey . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 7 th ▁century , ▁the ▁French ▁ship building ▁industry ▁had ▁st agn ated . ▁ ▁In ▁an ▁effort ▁to ▁" inv ig or ate " ▁the ▁industry , ▁ ▁Secretary ▁of ▁State ▁of ▁the ▁Navy , ▁Jean - B apt iste ▁Col bert , ▁brought ▁ship build ers ▁trained ▁in ▁the ▁Mediterranean ▁methods ▁of ▁ship building ▁to ▁Roche fort , ▁where ▁the ▁industry ▁primarily ▁used ▁what ▁was ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Atlantic ▁ship building ▁method . ▁ ▁One ▁of ▁these ▁trans

pl anted ▁ship wright s ▁was ▁Honor é ▁Mal let , ▁who ▁had ▁been ▁raised ▁in ▁T oul on ▁in ▁the ▁south ▁of ▁France . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁official ▁order ▁author izing ▁the ▁building ▁of ▁La ▁B elle , ▁Mal let ▁was ▁listed ▁as ▁the ▁master ▁ship builder , ▁and ▁his ▁son - in - law , ▁Pierre ▁Mass on , ▁was ▁responsible ▁for ▁the ▁ship ▁design . ▁ ▁La ▁B elle ▁was ▁a ▁bar que - long ue , ▁with ▁three ▁m asts ▁and ▁a ▁relatively ▁shallow ▁draft ▁of ▁about ▁. ▁ ▁Her ▁beam ▁was ▁officially ▁, ▁and ▁she ▁was ▁ ▁long ▁with ▁a ▁cargo ▁capacity ▁of ▁ 4 0 – 4 5 ▁tons . ▁ ▁The ▁ship ▁was ▁designed ▁to ▁be ▁highly ▁man eu ver able , ▁with ▁the ▁main m ast ▁and ▁fore m ast ▁holding ▁two   s ails ▁each , ▁while ▁the ▁m iz zen m ast ▁supported ▁a ▁single ▁tri angular ▁sail , ▁and ▁another ▁small ▁square ▁sail ▁hung ▁from ▁the ▁b ows prit . ▁ ▁V oy age ▁ ▁On ▁July ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 1 6 8 4 , ▁La ▁S alle ▁left ▁La ▁Roc hel le ▁with ▁four ▁ships : ▁the ▁ 3 6 - gun ▁man - of - war ▁Le ▁J oly , ▁the ▁ 3 0 0 - ton   st ores hip ▁L ' A im able , ▁the ▁bar que ▁La ▁B elle , ▁and ▁the ▁k etch ▁St . ▁Franc ois . ▁The ▁ships ▁carried ▁almost ▁

3 0 0   people , ▁including ▁ 1 0 0   s old iers , ▁six   mission aries , ▁eight   mer ch ants , ▁over ▁a ▁dozen ▁women ▁and ▁children , ▁and ▁art is ans ▁and ▁craft s men . ▁ ▁The ▁St . ▁Franc ois ▁and ▁its ▁full ▁load ▁of ▁supplies , ▁provisions , ▁and ▁tools ▁for ▁the ▁colony ▁was ▁captured ▁by ▁Spanish ▁private ers ▁in ▁Sant o ▁Dom ingo . ▁ ▁In ▁late ▁November ▁ 1 6 8 4 , ▁the ▁three ▁remaining ▁ships ▁continued ▁their ▁search ▁for ▁the ▁Mississippi ▁River ▁delta . ▁ ▁Before ▁they ▁left , ▁local ▁sail ors ▁warned ▁them ▁that ▁the ▁Gulf ▁current s ▁flow ed ▁east , ▁and ▁would ▁carry ▁the ▁ships ▁toward ▁the ▁Florida ▁stra its ▁unless ▁they ▁corrected ▁for ▁it . ▁On ▁December ▁ 1 8 , ▁the ▁ships ▁reached ▁the ▁Gulf ▁of ▁Mexico ▁and ▁entered ▁waters ▁that ▁Spain ▁claimed ▁as ▁their ▁sole ▁territory . ▁None ▁of ▁the ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁expedition ▁had ▁ever ▁been ▁in ▁the ▁Gulf ▁of ▁Mexico ▁or ▁knew ▁how ▁to ▁navigate ▁it . ▁The ▁expedition ▁was ▁to ▁be ▁unable ▁to ▁find ▁the ▁Mississippi ▁due ▁to ▁a ▁combination ▁of ▁in accur ate ▁maps , ▁La ▁S alle ' s ▁previous ▁mis cal cul ation ▁of ▁the ▁lat itude ▁of ▁the ▁mouth ▁of ▁the ▁Mississippi ▁River , ▁and ▁over correct ing ▁for ▁the ▁current s . ▁Instead , ▁they ▁landed ▁at ▁Mat ag ord a ▁Bay ▁in ▁Spanish ▁Texas ▁in ▁early ▁ 1 6 8 5 , ▁ ▁west

▁of ▁the ▁Mississippi . ▁ ▁Although ▁La ▁B elle ▁was ▁able ▁to ▁easily ▁navigate ▁the ▁pass ▁into ▁the ▁Bay , ▁the ▁A im able ▁was ▁ground ed ▁on ▁a ▁sand bar . ▁A ▁bad ▁storm ▁prevented ▁them ▁from ▁recover ing ▁more ▁than ▁food , ▁can n ons , ▁powder , ▁and ▁a ▁small ▁amount ▁of ▁the ▁merch and ise ▁from ▁the ▁ship , ▁and ▁by ▁March ▁ 7 ▁she ▁had ▁s unk . ▁ ▁Be au je u , ▁having ▁ful filled ▁his ▁mission ▁in ▁escort ing ▁them , ▁returned ▁to ▁France ▁aboard ▁the ▁J oly ▁in ▁mid - M arch , ▁leaving ▁La ▁B elle ▁the ▁only ▁ship ▁available ▁to ▁the ▁remaining ▁sett lers . ▁ ▁La ▁S alle ▁chose ▁to ▁establish ▁Fort ▁Saint ▁Louis ▁on ▁a ▁bl uff ▁over looking ▁Garc itas ▁Creek , ▁ 5 0   m iles ▁( 8 0   km ) ▁from ▁their ▁initial ▁camps ite . ▁ ▁With ▁their ▁permanent ▁camp ▁established , ▁the ▁colon ists ▁took ▁several ▁short ▁trips ▁within ▁the ▁next ▁few ▁months ▁to ▁further ▁explore ▁their ▁surroundings . ▁At ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁October ▁La ▁S alle ▁decided ▁to ▁undert ake ▁a ▁longer ▁expedition ▁and ▁re loaded ▁the ▁La ▁B elle ▁with ▁much ▁of ▁the ▁remaining ▁supplies . ▁He ▁took ▁ 5 0   men , ▁plus ▁the ▁La ▁B elle ' s ▁crew ▁of ▁ 2 7   s ail ors , ▁leaving ▁behind ▁ 3 4 ▁men , ▁women , ▁and ▁children . ▁The ▁bulk ▁of ▁the ▁men ▁traveled ▁with ▁La

▁S alle ▁in ▁can oes , ▁while ▁the ▁La ▁B elle ▁followed ▁further ▁off ▁the ▁coast . ▁Several ▁of ▁the ▁men , ▁including ▁the ▁captain ▁of ▁the ▁La ▁B elle , ▁Can il ▁Mar aud , ▁died ▁on ▁this ▁expedition ▁from ▁eating ▁pr ick ly ▁pear . ▁Soon ▁after , ▁the ▁Kar ank awa ▁killed ▁a ▁small ▁group ▁of ▁the ▁men , ▁including ▁the ▁new ▁captain ▁of ▁La ▁B elle , ▁former ▁pilot ▁Eli ▁Rich aud , ▁who ▁had ▁camp ed ▁on ▁the ▁shore ▁at ▁night . ▁In ▁January ▁ 1 6 8 6 , ▁La ▁S alle ▁left ▁the ▁ship ▁ ▁from ▁Fort ▁Saint ▁Louis . ▁ ▁La ▁S alle ▁took ▁ 2 0   men ▁with ▁him ▁to ▁travel ▁over land ▁to ▁reach ▁the ▁Mississippi , ▁leaving ▁Pierre ▁T ess ier , ▁the ▁former ▁second ▁in ▁command ▁of ▁the ▁La ▁B elle , ▁in ▁charge ▁of ▁the ▁ship . ▁After ▁three   month s ▁of ▁searching ▁over land , ▁La ▁S alle ' s ▁group ▁returned , ▁but ▁were ▁unable ▁to ▁find ▁the ▁La ▁B elle ▁where ▁they ▁had ▁left ▁her ▁and ▁were ▁forced ▁to ▁walk ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁fort . ▁ ▁Loss ▁While ▁La ▁S alle ▁was ▁gone , ▁the ▁ship ▁began ▁to ▁run ▁low ▁of ▁drinking ▁water . ▁T ess ier ▁sent ▁the ▁five ▁best ▁sail ors ▁ash ore ▁in ▁the ▁La ▁B elles ▁only ▁long boat ▁to ▁search ▁for ▁water . ▁The ▁men ▁were ▁seen ▁struggling ▁against ▁a ▁strong ▁wind ▁to ▁return ▁to ▁the ▁ship ▁as ▁night ▁fell

, ▁and ▁were ▁presum ed ▁lost ▁when ▁the ▁long boat ▁never ▁arrived ▁at ▁the ▁ship . ▁The ▁remaining ▁sail ors ▁drank ▁wine ▁in ▁place ▁of ▁water , ▁but ▁the ▁alcohol ▁further ▁de hy dr ated ▁them , ▁and ▁several ▁died . ▁ ▁T ess ier ▁finally ▁decided ▁that ▁the ▁ship ▁must ▁return ▁to ▁Fort ▁Saint ▁Louis ▁for ▁more ▁supplies . ▁As ▁they ▁got ▁under way , ▁a ▁cold ▁front ▁blew ▁in . ▁Since ▁the ▁remaining ▁crew members ▁were ▁un sk illed , ▁they ▁were ▁unable ▁to ▁keep ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁ship , ▁and ▁because ▁they ▁had ▁lost ▁their ▁second ▁anchor , ▁there ▁was ▁no ▁way ▁to ▁stop ▁the ▁ship ▁from ▁dr ifting ▁in ▁the ▁wind . ▁ ▁Within ▁a ▁short ▁amount ▁of ▁time , ▁the ▁La ▁B elle ▁had ▁run ▁ag round ▁at ▁the ▁southern ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁bay , ▁approximately ▁a ▁quarter ▁of ▁a ▁mile ▁( 4 0 0 ▁m ) ▁from ▁shore . ▁ ▁When ▁the ▁storm ▁had ▁ab ated , ▁the ▁men ▁built ▁a ▁r aft ▁from ▁pl anks ▁and ▁barrel s ▁and ▁sent ▁two ▁men ▁to ▁shore . ▁The ▁r aft ▁broke ▁up ▁in ▁the ▁waves , ▁and ▁both ▁men ▁d rowned . ▁After ▁making ▁a ▁second , ▁more ▁solid , ▁r aft , ▁the ▁others ▁were ▁able ▁to ▁make ▁it ▁safely ▁to ▁shore . ▁Over ▁the ▁next ▁few ▁days ▁they ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁ship ▁daily ▁to ▁retrieve ▁cargo , ▁managing ▁to ▁salv age ▁some ▁of ▁La ▁S alle ' s ▁papers ▁and ▁clothes , ▁barrel s ▁of ▁flour

, ▁c ask s ▁of ▁wine , ▁glass ▁be ads , ▁and ▁other ▁trade ▁items . ▁Before ▁long , ▁however , ▁a ▁strong ▁sou ther ly ▁wind ▁drove ▁the ▁h ull ▁into ▁the ▁mud dy ▁bottom , ▁and ▁soon ▁only ▁the ▁rear ▁deck ▁remained ▁above ▁water . ▁Of ▁the ▁ 2 7   people ▁originally ▁assigned ▁to ▁the ▁ship , ▁the ▁only ▁survivors ▁were ▁T ess ier , ▁a ▁priest , ▁a ▁military ▁officer , ▁a ▁regular ▁soldier , ▁a ▁servant ▁girl , ▁and ▁a ▁small ▁boy . ▁They ▁remained ▁on ▁the ▁pen insula ▁for ▁three ▁months , ▁as ▁the ▁only ▁way ▁to ▁the ▁fort ▁was ▁to ▁walk ▁through ▁Kar ank awa ▁territory . ▁ ▁After ▁a ▁small ▁Indian ▁can oe ▁washed ▁ash ore ▁one ▁day , ▁the ▁survivors ▁were ▁able ▁to ▁p addle ▁across ▁the ▁bay ▁and ▁return ▁to ▁the ▁fort . ▁The ▁destruction ▁of ▁their ▁last ▁ship ▁left ▁the ▁sett lers ▁str anded ▁on ▁the ▁Texas ▁coast , ▁with ▁no ▁hope ▁of ▁any ▁assistance ▁from ▁the ▁French ▁colon ies ▁in ▁the ▁Caribbean ▁Sea . ▁ ▁Dis covery ▁by ▁the ▁Spanish ▁The ▁Spanish ▁authorities ▁learned ▁of ▁La ▁S alle ' s ▁expedition ▁when ▁a ▁former ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁colony , ▁Den is ▁Thomas , ▁was ▁captured ▁aboard ▁a ▁pir ate ▁ship . ▁In ▁an ▁attempt ▁to ▁save ▁his ▁life , ▁Thomas ▁related ▁that ▁La ▁S alle ▁had ▁planned ▁to ▁establish ▁a ▁colony ▁near ▁the ▁Mississippi ▁River ▁and ▁eventually ▁take ▁over ▁Spanish ▁silver ▁mines . ▁ ▁Although ▁Thomas ▁was ▁quickly ▁h anged ,

▁the ▁Spanish ▁believed ▁his ▁information ▁to ▁be ▁reliable ▁and ▁began ▁searching ▁for ▁the ▁French ▁colony . ▁ ▁On ▁December ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 1 6 8 6 , ▁a ▁Spanish ▁expedition ▁led ▁by ▁Captain ▁Martin ▁de ▁R ivas ▁and ▁Captain ▁Pedro ▁de ▁Y ri arte ▁left ▁Ver ac ru z ▁to ▁sail ▁along ▁the ▁Gulf ▁Coast . ▁ ▁On ▁April ▁ 4 , ▁they ▁reached ▁Mat ag ord a ▁Bay ▁and ▁dis pat ched ▁several ▁can oes ▁to ▁explore ▁the ▁area . ▁▁ ▁from ▁their ▁ship , ▁they ▁discovered ▁La ▁B elle , ▁which ▁they ▁described ▁as ▁a ▁" bro ken ▁ship " ▁with ▁three ▁fle ur - de - ly s ▁on ▁her ▁stern . ▁ ▁The ▁Spanish ▁salv aged ▁two ▁sw ivel ▁guns ▁and ▁five ▁can n ons ▁from ▁the ▁ship , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁anchor , ▁some ▁cord age , ▁and ▁the ▁m asts , ▁which ▁they ▁made ▁into ▁o ars . ▁ ▁As ▁final ▁proof ▁that ▁this ▁ship ▁had ▁belonged ▁to ▁the ▁French ▁colony , ▁the ▁expedition ▁also ▁discovered ▁the ▁camps ite ▁where ▁the ▁French ▁survivors ▁had ▁lived ▁for ▁three ▁months . ▁ ▁Among ▁the ▁remains ▁of ▁the ▁camps ite ▁were ▁pages ▁from ▁books ▁written ▁in ▁French . ▁ ▁Red is covery ▁The ▁wreck ▁lay ▁forgotten ▁for ▁over ▁three ▁hundred ▁years ▁in ▁the ▁dark ▁mur ky ▁waters ▁of ▁Mat ag ord a ▁Bay . ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 0 s , ▁Kath leen ▁Gil more ▁of ▁Southern ▁Method ist ▁University ▁analyzed ▁historical ▁accounts ▁of ▁the

▁La ▁S alle ▁ship w re cks , ▁and ▁gave ▁general ▁guidance ▁as ▁to ▁where ▁they ▁might ▁be ▁found . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 7 , ▁the ▁Texas ▁Historical ▁Commission ▁( TH C ) ▁asked ▁an ▁independent ▁research er ▁to ▁search ▁the ▁arch ives ▁in ▁Paris ▁for ▁information ▁on ▁the ▁ship w re cks . ▁ ▁She ▁found ▁original ▁copies ▁of ▁maps ▁made ▁by ▁La ▁S alle ' s ▁engineer , ▁Jean - B apt iste ▁Min et . ▁ ▁Before ▁Min et ▁returned ▁to ▁France ▁aboard ▁the ▁J oly , ▁he ▁had ▁created ▁detailed ▁maps ▁of ▁Mat ag ord a ▁Bay ▁and ▁the ▁pass ▁and ▁had ▁marked ▁the ▁spot ▁where ▁L ' A im able ▁had ▁s unk . ▁Other ▁researchers ▁discovered ▁additional ▁historical ▁maps , ▁including ▁several ▁that ▁marked ▁La ▁B elle ' s ▁resting ▁place . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 8 , ▁Bart o ▁Arnold , ▁the ▁State ▁Marine ▁Arch ae ologist ▁for ▁the ▁Texas ▁Ant iqu ities ▁Committee ▁( the ▁predecess or ▁to ▁the ▁Texas ▁Historical ▁Commission ), ▁proposed ▁a ▁ten - week ▁search ▁for ▁La ▁S alle ' s ▁ships . ▁ ▁In ▁a ▁magnet ometer ▁survey ▁of ▁the ▁area ▁of ▁the ▁bay ▁deemed ▁a ▁high ▁probability ▁to ▁be ▁La ▁B elle ' s ▁location , ▁the ▁expedition ▁found ▁several ▁more ▁recent ▁ship w re cks . ▁ ▁A ▁lack ▁of ▁funding ▁for ▁the ▁next ▁sevent een ▁years ▁st ym ied ▁further ▁attempts ▁to ▁locate ▁La ▁B elle . ▁ ▁In ▁June ▁ 1

9 9 5 ▁the ▁Texas ▁Historical ▁Commission ▁organized ▁a ▁second ▁magnet ometer ▁survey ▁to ▁search ▁high - prob ability ▁areas ▁not ▁included ▁in ▁earlier ▁surveys . ▁ ▁The ▁most ▁important ▁technological ▁development ▁since ▁the ▁original ▁survey ▁was ▁the ▁advent ▁of ▁the ▁differential ▁GPS ▁position ing ▁system , ▁which ▁made ▁navigation ▁and ▁the ▁rel ocation ▁of ▁targets ▁considerably ▁easier ▁and ▁more ▁accurate . ▁ ▁This ▁survey ▁lasted ▁the ▁entire ▁month ▁and ▁utilized ▁a ▁Ge omet rics ▁ 8 6 6 ▁pro ton ▁pre cess ion ▁magnet ometer ▁which ▁identified ▁ 3 9 ▁" mag netic ▁features ▁that ▁required ▁further ▁investigation ". ▁ ▁These ▁were ▁prior it ized , ▁and ▁on ▁ 5 ▁July ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁divers ▁were ▁sent ▁to ▁the ▁highest ▁priority ▁location . ▁▁▁▁ ▁During ▁the ▁initial ▁d iving ▁operations , ▁a ▁prop - w ash ▁bl ower ▁( met al ▁pipe ▁fitted ▁over ▁the ▁prop eller ▁to ▁def lect ▁its ▁force ▁down ▁to ▁the ▁se af loor ) ▁was ▁used , ▁ost ens ibly ▁to ▁improve ▁water ▁visibility ▁by ▁forcing ▁surface ▁water ▁down ▁towards ▁the ▁bottom . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁later ▁decided ▁by ▁the ▁archae ologists ▁that ▁the ▁bl ower ▁should ▁be ▁turned ▁off ▁as ▁it ▁was ▁vis ibly ▁dam aging ▁the ▁delicate ▁material ▁of ▁the ▁cargo ▁remains . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁not ▁known ▁exactly ▁how ▁much ▁sed iment ▁covered ▁the ▁ship w reck ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁its ▁discovery ▁because ▁the ▁prop - w ash ▁bl ower ▁was ▁deployed ▁before ▁sending ▁divers ▁down . ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁team

▁of ▁divers ▁reported ▁feeling ▁mus ket ▁balls ▁on ▁the ▁se af loor ▁along ▁with ▁loose ▁fragments ▁of ▁wood ▁moving ▁in ▁the ▁current ▁created ▁by ▁the ▁bl ower . ▁ ▁These ▁materials ▁strongly ▁suggested ▁that ▁this ▁was ▁indeed ▁a ▁ship w reck ▁site . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁second ▁dive , ▁archae ologist ▁Chuck ▁Me ide ▁discovered ▁a ▁bronze ▁can non ▁which , ▁when ▁subsequently ▁recovered , ▁proved ▁that ▁this ▁ship w reck ▁was ▁indeed ▁that ▁of ▁La ▁B elle . ▁The ▁can non ▁was ▁or n ately ▁decorated , ▁and ▁bore ▁the ▁cre st ▁of ▁King ▁Louis ▁and ▁the ▁Count ▁of ▁Verm ando is , ▁the ▁Admiral ▁of ▁France . ▁An ▁il leg it imate ▁son ▁of ▁Louis ▁XIV , ▁Verm ando is ▁served ▁as ▁Admiral ▁of ▁the ▁French ▁fleet ▁until ▁his ▁death ▁in ▁ 1 6 8 3 , ▁meaning ▁the ▁can non ▁would ▁have ▁been ▁cast ▁no ▁later ▁than ▁ 1 6 8 3 , ▁the ▁time ▁when ▁La ▁S alle ▁was ▁preparing ▁for ▁his ▁voyage . ▁ ▁This ▁was ▁considered ▁strong ▁circum stant ial ▁evidence ▁that ▁the ▁ship ▁was ▁La ▁B elle . ▁ ▁A ▁serial ▁number ▁on ▁the ▁gun ▁( and ▁two ▁others ▁found ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 7 ) ▁was ▁later ▁matched ▁in ▁a ▁French ▁arch ival ▁record ▁discovered ▁by ▁Dr . ▁John ▁de ▁Bry ▁with ▁the ▁numbers ▁of ▁four ▁bronze ▁can n ons ▁that ▁had ▁been ▁loaded ▁onto ▁La ▁B elle , ▁providing ▁definit ive ▁proof ▁of ▁the ▁wreck ' s ▁identity . ▁ ▁The ▁ship w

reck ▁may ▁have ▁been ▁known ▁to ▁one ▁or ▁more ▁local ▁water men ▁before ▁its ▁discovery ▁by ▁archae ologists . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁exc av ations , ▁Texas ▁Historical ▁Commission ▁archae ologists ▁observed ▁direct ▁evidence ▁that ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁four ▁bronze ▁can n ons ▁known ▁to ▁have ▁been ▁on ▁La ▁B elle ▁had ▁been ▁removed ▁from ▁the ▁wreck age ▁some ▁time ▁before ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁discovery ▁of ▁the ▁wreck , ▁possibly ▁decades ▁earlier . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁sur m ised ▁that ▁this ▁may ▁have ▁been ▁the ▁action ▁of ▁a ▁local ▁sh rim per ▁who ▁may ▁have ▁accidentally ▁sn ag ged ▁and ▁recovered ▁the ▁gun ▁in ▁his ▁n ets . ▁ ▁The ▁where ab outs ▁of ▁this ▁can non ▁remain ▁a ▁mystery , ▁and ▁no ▁other ▁clear ▁signs ▁of ▁prior ▁art ifact ▁recovery ▁were ▁observed ▁at ▁the ▁wreck ▁site . ▁ ▁Arch ae ological ▁exc av ation ▁ ▁The ▁team ▁of ▁state ▁archae ologists ▁spent ▁one ▁month ▁d iving ▁on ▁the ▁wreck age , ▁document ing ▁its ▁extent ▁and ▁condition , ▁and ▁recover ing ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁art ifacts . ▁ ▁Because ▁of ▁the ▁historical ▁significance ▁of ▁the ▁wreck , ▁and ▁because ▁of ▁the ▁dark ▁waters ▁of ▁the ▁Bay ▁which ▁severely ▁limited ▁visibility ▁for ▁divers , ▁the ▁decision ▁was ▁made ▁to ▁construct ▁a ▁coff erd am ▁around ▁the ▁wreck ▁site . ▁ ▁This ▁was ▁a ▁double - wall ed ▁steel ▁structure , ▁with ▁compact ed ▁sand ▁between ▁the ▁two ▁walls , ▁surrounding ▁the ▁entire ▁wreck . ▁

▁The ▁ 1 . 5 ▁million ▁dollar ▁structure ▁was ▁paid ▁for ▁by ▁the ▁state ▁of ▁Texas , ▁though ▁private ▁funding ▁and ▁federal ▁grants ▁would ▁fund ▁much ▁of ▁the ▁subsequent ▁exc av ation . ▁ ▁After ▁completion ▁in ▁September ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁the ▁water ▁inside ▁the ▁coff erd am ▁was ▁pump ed ▁out ▁and ▁the ▁ship ▁was ▁exposed ▁to ▁air ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁in ▁centuries . ▁ ▁A ▁much ▁larger ▁team ▁of ▁archae ologists , ▁number ing ▁around ▁ 2 0 , ▁had ▁been ▁assembled ▁in ▁the ▁nearby ▁town ▁of ▁Pal ac ios ▁and ▁were ▁charged ▁with ▁the ▁complete ▁exc av ation ▁of ▁the ▁ship w reck , ▁under ▁the ▁direction ▁of ▁Dr . ▁Jim ▁Br us eth . ▁ ▁This ▁ende avor ▁lasted ▁from ▁July ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁to ▁May ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁and ▁was ▁considered ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁significant ▁mar itime ▁archae ological ▁exc av ations ▁of ▁its ▁time . ▁ ▁As ▁the ▁mud dy ▁sed iments ▁were ▁carefully ▁removed ▁from ▁the ▁wreck age , ▁many ▁wooden ▁boxes ▁and ▁c ask s ▁were ▁exposed ▁loaded ▁with ▁a ▁wide ▁variety ▁of ▁art ifacts . ▁La ▁B elle ▁had ▁contained ▁all ▁of ▁the ▁salv aged ▁supplies ▁from ▁La ▁S alle ' s ▁wreck ed ▁stores hip ▁( L ' A mi able ) ▁and ▁thus ▁offered ▁a ▁unique ▁insight ▁into ▁the ▁supplies ▁deemed ▁necessary ▁for ▁a ▁successful ▁colon ization ▁venture . ▁ ▁As ▁this ▁was ▁considered ▁enemy ▁territory ▁by ▁the ▁French ▁( Tex as

▁was ▁claimed ▁by ▁their ▁Spanish ▁riv als ) ▁and ▁local ▁Indians ▁proved ▁hostile , ▁there ▁was ▁a ▁wide ▁array ▁of ▁weapons ▁on ▁board ▁the ▁vessel , ▁including ▁three ▁bronze ▁can n ons , ▁one ▁iron ▁sw ivel ▁gun , ▁several ▁boxes ▁of ▁mus k ets , ▁many ▁c ask s ▁of ▁lead ▁shot ▁and ▁gun pow der , ▁a ▁handful ▁of ▁cer amic ▁fire p ots ▁( used ▁like ▁hand ▁gren ades ), ▁and ▁several ▁sword ▁handles . ▁ ▁There ▁were ▁also ▁numerous ▁trade ▁goods , ▁including ▁hundreds ▁of ▁thousands ▁of ▁blue , ▁white , ▁and ▁black ▁glass ▁be ads , ▁brass ▁finger ▁rings ▁with ▁Catholic ▁religious ▁symbols , ▁brass ▁p ins , ▁brass ▁h awk ▁b ells , ▁wooden ▁com bs , ▁and ▁a ▁barrel ▁of ▁iron ▁ax e ▁heads . ▁ ▁Tools ▁and ▁supplies ▁such ▁as ▁sm el ting ▁cru c ibles , ▁a ▁cooper ' s ▁plane , ▁a ▁sh ov el , ▁rope , ▁and ▁long ▁bars ▁of ▁iron ▁stock ▁were ▁also ▁recovered , ▁as ▁were ▁a ▁wide ▁variety ▁of ▁ship ' s ▁hardware ▁and ▁rig ging ▁components . ▁ ▁Fa unal ▁remains ▁included ▁the ▁remains ▁of ▁salt ▁p ork , ▁ske let ons ▁of ▁r ats , ▁and ▁the ▁tro phy ▁skull s ▁of ▁deer , ▁complete ▁with ▁ant lers . ▁ ▁One ▁complete ▁human ▁ske leton ▁was ▁discovered , ▁that ▁of ▁a ▁middle - aged ▁male ▁with ▁signs ▁of ▁ar th rit is . ▁ ▁Part ▁of ▁this ▁individual ' s ▁brain ▁was ▁intact , ▁preserved ▁by

▁the ▁an a er ob ic ▁environment ▁caused ▁by ▁the ▁thick ▁mud dy ▁sed iments ▁at ▁the ▁bottom ▁of ▁the ▁bay . ▁ ▁After ▁o ste ological ▁analysis , ▁these ▁human ▁remains ▁were ▁buried ▁at ▁the ▁Texas ▁State ▁C emetery . ▁ ▁All ▁of ▁the ▁art ifacts ▁were ▁removed ▁from ▁the ▁h ull ▁by ▁the ▁start ▁of ▁March ▁ 1 9 9 7 . ▁ ▁From ▁that ▁point ▁on , ▁the ▁archae ologists ▁concentrated ▁on ▁the ▁remains ▁of ▁the ▁ship ▁itself . ▁ ▁The ▁entire ▁ship ▁was ▁dis assemb led , ▁each ▁tim ber ▁being ▁carefully ▁recorded ▁before ▁and ▁after ▁its ▁removal ▁from ▁the ▁h ull ▁remains . ▁ ▁Field work ▁was ▁completed ▁by ▁May ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁after ▁which ▁the ▁coff erd am ▁was ▁dis assemb led ▁and ▁sold . ▁ ▁The ▁recovered ▁tim bers ▁were ▁eventually ▁re assemb led ▁in ▁a ▁special ▁cr ad le ▁and ▁v at ▁designed ▁at ▁Texas ▁A & M ▁University ' s ▁N aut ical ▁Arch ae ology ▁Program , ▁the ▁institution ▁in ▁charge ▁of ▁the ▁conservation ▁of ▁all ▁the ▁art ifacts ▁recovered ▁from ▁the ▁ship w reck ▁site ▁after ▁ 1 9 9 5 . ▁ ▁The ▁h ull ▁was ▁treated ▁by ▁long - term ▁so aking ▁in ▁poly eth yl ene ▁g ly col ▁and ▁freeze - d rying , ▁a ▁process ▁which ▁took ▁over ▁ten ▁years . ▁ ▁Exhib it ▁In ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁the ▁La ▁B elle : ▁The ▁Ship ▁That ▁Ch anged ▁History ▁exhibit ▁officially

▁opened . ▁The ▁h ull ▁of ▁the ▁ship ▁and ▁many ▁of ▁the ▁recovered ▁art ifacts , ▁including ▁colored ▁glass ▁be ads , ▁brass ▁p ots , ▁a ▁col ander , ▁a ▁lad le , ▁mus k ets , ▁powder ▁horn s , ▁an ▁early ▁explos ive ▁device ▁called ▁a ▁fire ▁pot ▁and ▁a ▁bronze ▁can non ▁with ▁lifting ▁handles ▁shaped ▁like ▁dol ph ins , ▁are ▁on ▁display ▁at ▁the ▁Bull ock ▁Texas ▁State ▁History ▁Museum ▁in ▁the ▁state ▁capital ▁of ▁Austin . ▁Many ▁more ▁art ifacts ▁can ▁be ▁seen ▁in ▁the ▁multi - location ▁La ▁S alle ▁Od ys sey ▁exhibit , ▁located ▁in ▁museum s ▁around ▁Texas . ▁ ▁The ▁Cor pus ▁Christ i ▁Museum ▁of ▁Science ▁and ▁History ▁is ▁the ▁official ▁repository ▁of ▁art ifacts . ▁The ▁Museum ▁of ▁the ▁Coast al ▁B end ▁in ▁Victoria , ▁Texas ▁also ▁has ▁many ▁art ifacts ▁from ▁the ▁La ▁B elle , ▁mainly ▁the ▁other ▁seven ▁can n ons ▁from ▁Fort ▁St . ▁Louis . ▁ ▁, ▁a ▁live ▁stream ▁of ▁the ▁build ▁of ▁La ▁B elle ▁is ▁broadcast ▁from ▁the ▁Bull ock ▁Museum ▁on ▁Wednesday ▁through ▁Saturday ▁from ▁ 9 ▁a . m . ▁to ▁ 5 ▁p . m . ▁Central ▁Time . ▁ ▁Own ership ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁exc av ation ▁was ▁completed , ▁the ▁French ▁government ▁filed ▁an ▁official ▁claim ▁for ▁the ▁ship ▁and ▁its ▁contents . ▁ ▁Under ▁international ▁naval ▁laws , ▁an ▁official ▁naval ▁vessel ▁is ▁owned ▁by ▁the ▁country ▁for ▁which ▁the ▁ship ▁flies ▁its ▁flag

. ▁ ▁Despite ▁a ▁long - standing ▁tradition ▁repeated ▁by ▁American ▁histor ians ▁that ▁La ▁B elle ▁was ▁a ▁personal ▁gift ▁from ▁the ▁King ▁to ▁La ▁S alle , ▁no ▁documentary ▁evidence ▁confirm ing ▁this ▁claim ▁could ▁be ▁produced . ▁ ▁Instead , ▁arch ival ▁research ▁conducted ▁in ▁French ▁depos itories ▁provided ▁two ▁official ▁documents ▁which ▁listed ▁La ▁B elle ▁as ▁being ▁owned ▁by ▁the ▁King ▁but ▁loan ed ▁to ▁La ▁S alle . ▁ ▁Made le ine ▁Alb right ▁conced ed ▁the ▁claim ▁in ▁favor ▁of ▁France ▁just ▁before ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁Clinton ▁administration . ▁ ▁After ▁a ▁several - year ▁neg ot iation , ▁an ▁agreement ▁was ▁signed ▁on ▁March ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁which ▁gives ▁official ▁title ▁to ▁the ▁wreck ▁and ▁its ▁art ifacts ▁to ▁the ▁Mus ée ▁national ▁de ▁la ▁Marine ▁in ▁Paris . ▁ ▁Day - to - day ▁control ▁was ▁granted ▁to ▁the ▁Texas ▁Historical ▁Commission ▁for ▁ 9 9 ▁years . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁▁ ▁French ▁An cre ▁Publishing ▁Comp ag ny ▁published ▁a ▁Mon ography ▁with ▁a ▁full ▁set ▁of ▁plans ▁for ▁this ▁ship ▁- ▁sc aled ▁in ▁ 1 / 4 8 ▁for ▁model ▁building . ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁Texas ▁Historical ▁Commission ▁La ▁S alle ▁Ship w reck ▁Project ▁ ▁R ais ing ▁the ▁B elle ▁by ▁Dan ▁Parker ▁ ▁Inter view ▁with ▁Mark ▁Mitchell , ▁author ▁of ▁' R ais ing ▁La ▁B elle ' ▁ ▁Art ifacts ▁from ▁the ▁La ▁B

elle ▁Ship w reck ▁Collection ▁at ▁the ▁Cor pus ▁Christ i ▁Museum ▁of ▁Science ▁and ▁History ▁ ▁Live ▁stream ▁of ▁the ▁build , ▁Bull ock ▁Museum , ▁La ▁B elle , ▁the ▁ship ▁that ▁changed ▁history ▁exhibit ▁ ▁Category : Arch ae ological ▁sites ▁in ▁Texas ▁Category : F rench ▁Texas ▁Category : Ship w re cks ▁in ▁the ▁Gulf ▁of ▁Mexico ▁Category : Mar itime ▁incidents ▁in ▁ 1 6 8 6 ▁Category : Mat ag ord a ▁County , ▁Texas ▁Category : A ge ▁of ▁S ail ▁ships ▁of ▁France <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁name ▁grey ▁thr ush ▁can ▁refer ▁to ▁several ▁species ▁of ▁bird : ▁ ▁Japanese ▁thr ush ▁( T urd us ▁card is ) ▁of ▁eastern ▁Asia ▁Grey ▁ground - th r ush ▁( Z o other a ▁prince i ) ▁of ▁Africa ▁Grey ▁sh rike - th r ush ▁( Coll ur ic incl a ▁harmon ica ) ▁of ▁Austral asia ▁ ▁Category : An imal ▁common ▁name ▁dis ambigu ation ▁pages <0x0A> </s> ▁Ni ou m amil ima ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁on ▁the ▁island ▁of ▁Grande ▁Com ore ▁( N g az id ja ) ▁in ▁the ▁Com or os . ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁census , ▁the ▁village ▁had ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁ 8 0 4 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁Grande ▁Com ore <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Pur cell ▁Mountains ▁are ▁a ▁mountain ▁range ▁in ▁sout he astern ▁British ▁Columbia , ▁Canada . ▁They ▁are ▁a

▁sub range ▁of ▁the ▁Columbia ▁Mountains , ▁which ▁includes ▁the ▁Sel k irk , ▁Mon as he e , ▁and ▁Carib oo ▁Mountains . ▁They ▁are ▁located ▁on ▁the ▁west ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁Rock y ▁Mountain ▁T rench ▁in ▁the ▁area ▁of ▁the ▁Columbia ▁Valley , ▁and ▁on ▁the ▁east ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁valley ▁of ▁K oot en ay ▁Lake ▁and ▁the ▁Duncan ▁River . ▁The ▁only ▁large ▁settlement ▁in ▁the ▁mountains ▁is ▁the ▁Pan or ama ▁S ki ▁Res ort ▁and ▁K icking ▁Horse ▁Res ort , ▁though ▁there ▁are ▁small ▁settlement s , ▁such ▁as ▁Y ah k ▁and ▁M oy ie ▁along ▁the ▁C rows n est ▁Highway , ▁and ▁residential ▁rural ▁areas ▁dependent ▁on ▁the ▁cities ▁of ▁C rest on , ▁Kim ber ley ▁and ▁Cr an bro ok , ▁which ▁are ▁located ▁adjacent ▁to ▁the ▁range . ▁ ▁The ▁Pur cell s ▁are ▁shown ▁on ▁some ▁United ▁States ▁maps ▁as ▁the ▁Per cell ▁Mountains , ▁where ▁their ▁southern ▁limit ▁pro tr udes ▁into ▁the ▁states ▁of ▁Id aho ▁and ▁Mont ana , ▁ab ut ting ▁Lake ▁Ko oc an usa , ▁a ▁reserv oir ▁on ▁the ▁K oot en ai ▁River . ▁American ▁ge ographic ▁class ifications ▁consider ▁the ▁Per cell s ▁to ▁be ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Rock y ▁Mountains ▁but ▁in ▁Canada ▁that ▁termin ology ▁is ▁reserved ▁for ▁ranges ▁on ▁the ▁east ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁Rock y ▁Mountain ▁T rench . ▁In ▁the ▁Pur cell ▁Mountains , ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁peaks ▁are ▁near ▁or ▁above ▁ 1

0 , 0 0 0 ▁feet ▁in ▁elev ation . ▁ ▁The ▁Pur cell s ▁were ▁formed ▁in ▁the ▁Pro ter oz o ic ▁e on ▁( in ▁the ▁Prec amb rian ▁period ), ▁which ▁sp ans ▁from ▁ 2 , 5 0 0 ▁million ▁years ▁ago ▁to ▁about ▁ 5 4 0 ▁million ▁years ▁ago . ▁ ▁Sub - r anges ▁Car bon ate ▁Range ▁Dog to oth ▁Range ▁F arn ham ▁Group ▁Mac B eth ▁Group ▁McG ill iv ary ▁Range ▁M oy ie ▁Range ▁Sept et ▁Range ▁Sp ill im ache en ▁Range ▁Star bird ▁Ridge ▁Stock dale ▁Group ▁T oby ▁Gl ac ier ▁Tru ce ▁Group ▁Y ah k ▁Range ▁ ▁Hig hest ▁peaks ▁The ▁ten ▁highest ▁sum m its ▁of ▁the ▁Pur cell s ▁▁ 1 . ▁Mount ▁F arn ham <0x09> ▁▁▁ 3 4 9 3 ▁m ▁ 2 . ▁J um bo ▁Mountain <0x09> ▁▁▁ 3 4 3 7 ▁m <0x09> ▁ 3 . ▁How ser ▁Sp ire <0x09> ▁▁▁ 3 4 1 2 ▁m <0x09> ▁ 4 . ▁K arn ak ▁Mountain ▁▁▁▁ 3 4 1 1 ▁m <0x09> <0x09> ▁ 5 . ▁Mount ▁Del ph ine <0x09> ▁▁▁ 3 4 0 6 ▁m ▁▁ <0x09> ▁ 6 . ▁Mount ▁Ham mond <0x09> ▁▁▁ 3 3 8 7 ▁m <0x09> ▁ 7 . ▁Commander ▁Mountain ▁ 3 3 7 1 ▁m <0x09> ▁ 8 . ▁South ▁How ser ▁Tower ▁ 3 3 6 4 ▁m <0x09> <0x09> ▁ 9 . ▁E y eb row ▁Peak

<0x09> ▁▁▁ 3 3 6 2 ▁m <0x09> <0x09> ▁ 1 0 . ▁Mount ▁Peter <0x09> ▁▁▁ 3 3 5 7 ▁m ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁The ▁Bug ab o os ▁List ▁of ▁mountain ▁ranges ▁in ▁Mont ana ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : P ur cell ▁Mountains ▁Category : K oot en ays <0x0A> </s> ▁Walk ing ▁With ▁() ▁is ▁the ▁sixth ▁solo ▁studio ▁album ▁by ▁South ▁Korean ▁pop ▁singer - s ong writer ▁Kim ▁D ong - ry ool , ▁and ▁his ▁seventh ▁solo ▁album ▁overall . ▁It ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁October ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁by ▁the ▁artist ' s ▁label ▁Music ▁Farm ▁and ▁distributed ▁by ▁LO EN ▁Entertainment . ▁Gu itar ist ▁Lee ▁S ang - so on ▁( who ▁has ▁also ▁been ▁known ▁as ▁Lee ▁Hy ori ' s ▁husband ) ▁and ▁Super star ▁K 2 ▁runner - up ▁John ▁Park ▁participated ▁on ▁the ▁album ▁as ▁featured ▁artists . ▁The ▁album ▁is ▁the ▁singer ' s ▁first ▁solo ▁release ▁since ▁the ▁holiday ▁album ▁Kim d ong r Y ULE ▁( 2 0 1 1 ), ▁and ▁also ▁his ▁first ▁studio ▁album ▁since ▁Mon olog ue ▁( 2 0 0 8 ). ▁ ▁The ▁self - produ ced ▁album ▁features ▁ten ▁tracks ▁in ▁total , ▁including ▁the ▁lead ▁single ▁" How ▁I ▁Am " ▁and ▁the ▁track ▁under ▁the ▁same ▁title . ▁Without ▁any ▁telev ised ▁promot ions , ▁" How ▁I ▁Am " ▁to pped ▁the ▁Ga on ▁Singles ▁Chart ▁for ▁two ▁consecutive ▁weeks .

▁The ▁song ▁also ▁won ▁Song ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁at ▁the ▁ 4 th ▁annual ▁Ga on ▁Chart ▁K - Pop ▁Awards . ▁ ▁A ▁LP ▁edition ▁of ▁the ▁album , ▁limited ▁to ▁ 3 , 0 0 0 ▁copies , ▁was ▁available ▁for ▁sale . ▁As ▁of ▁ ▁, ▁Walk ing ▁With ▁has ▁sold ▁over ▁ 5 8 , 0 0 0 ▁physical ▁albums ▁and ▁three ▁million ▁digital ▁singles ▁in ▁South ▁Korea ▁( see ▁Chart ▁performance ). ▁ ▁Singles ▁ ▁" How ▁I ▁Am " ▁" How ▁I ▁Am " ▁() ▁is ▁the ▁lead ▁single ▁from ▁the ▁album . ▁The ▁song ▁dep icts ▁a ▁man ▁who ▁miss es ▁his ▁past ▁lover , ▁and ▁actor ▁G ong ▁Y oo ▁star red ▁in ▁its ▁corresponding ▁music ▁video . ▁After ▁film ing ▁the ▁music ▁video , ▁G ong ▁stated ▁" I ▁can ' t ▁forget ▁the ▁memories ▁when ▁I ▁listened ▁to ▁the ▁music ▁of ▁Exhib ition ▁() ▁using ▁c ass ette ▁t apes ▁in ▁my ▁school ▁years . ▁Kim ▁has ▁been ▁my ▁favorite ▁musician ▁since ▁then . ▁I ▁wanted ▁to ▁celebrate ▁by ▁star ring ▁in ▁the ▁music ▁video , ▁in ▁my ▁mind ▁to ▁cheer ▁the ▁ 2 0 th ▁anniversary ▁of ▁his ▁debut ." ▁The ▁music ▁video ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁October ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁via ▁LO EN ▁Entertainment ' s ▁official ▁YouTube ▁channel . ▁ ▁Upon ▁its ▁release , ▁" How ▁I ▁Am " ▁achieved ▁an ▁" all - kill " ▁status ▁in ▁South ▁Korea , ▁reaching ▁the ▁pole ▁position

▁on ▁all ▁of ▁the ▁real - time ▁music ▁charts ▁including ▁Mel On , ▁B ugs , ▁Sor ib ada , ▁Gen ie , ▁M net ▁Music , ▁Mon key 3 , ▁Ol le h ▁Music , ▁Cy world ▁Music , ▁Da um ▁Music , ▁and ▁Na ver ▁Music . ▁Without ▁any ▁broadcast ▁promot ions , ▁the ▁song ▁to pped ▁the ▁Ga on ▁Singles ▁Chart ▁for ▁two ▁consecutive ▁weeks . ▁It ▁also ▁won ▁the ▁first ▁place ▁on ▁telev ised ▁K - pop ▁music ▁shows ▁like ▁The ▁Music ▁T rend ▁( S BS ) ▁and ▁Music ▁Bank ▁( K BS ), ▁from ▁October ▁ 1 2 ▁to ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁This ▁was ▁Kim ' s ▁first ▁feat ▁since ▁he ▁received ▁a ▁tro phy ▁for ▁" Should ▁I ▁Tell ▁You ▁Again ▁That ▁I ▁Love ▁You ?" ▁() ▁on ▁M BC ' s ▁Music ▁Camp ▁( current ly ▁Show ! ▁Music ▁Core ) ▁in ▁January ▁ 2 0 0 2 . ▁ ▁" How ▁I ▁Am " ▁was ▁the ▁ 5 1 st ▁biggest ▁selling ▁digital ▁song ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁in ▁South ▁Korea . ▁Since ▁its ▁release , ▁the ▁song ▁has ▁sold ▁about ▁ 9 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁digital ▁copies ▁dom est ically . ▁ ▁Prom otion ▁Instead ▁of ▁having ▁broadcast ▁promot ions , ▁it ▁was ▁announced ▁that ▁Kim ▁would ▁hold ▁his ▁nation wide ▁concert ▁tour ▁from ▁November ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁Starting ▁in ▁Bus an , ▁he ▁performed

▁in ▁cities ▁including ▁Se ong nam , ▁G w ang ju , ▁G oy ang , ▁Je on ju , ▁Se oul , ▁Da egu , ▁and ▁D ae je on ▁until ▁January ▁ 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁to ▁promote ▁his ▁com eb ack ▁album . ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁All ▁songs ▁written ▁and ▁composed ▁by ▁Kim ▁D ong - ry ool . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁The ▁title ▁of ▁track ▁ 2 ▁literally ▁means ▁" The ▁Youth ". ▁ ▁The ▁title ▁of ▁track ▁ 5 ▁literally ▁means ▁" That ' s ▁How ▁I ▁Am ". ▁ ▁The ▁title ▁of ▁track ▁ 7 ▁literally ▁means ▁" My ▁Heart ▁Is ". ▁ ▁Chart ▁performance ▁ ▁Album ▁charts ▁ ▁Single ▁charts ▁How ▁I ▁Am ▁ ▁Other ▁chart ed ▁songs ▁ ▁Awards ▁and ▁nom inations ▁ ▁Annual ▁music ▁awards ▁ ▁Music ▁program ▁awards ▁ ▁Release ▁history ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁number - one ▁hits ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁( South ▁Korea ) ▁ ▁Foot notes ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Kim ▁D ong - ry ool ' s ▁official ▁website ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 4 ▁albums ▁Category : K im ▁D ong - ry ool ▁albums ▁Category : K ore an - language ▁albums ▁Category : K ak ao ▁M ▁albums <0x0A> </s> ▁Voice ▁– ▁The ▁Best ▁of ▁Tour ▁was ▁a ▁concert ▁tour ▁by ▁British ▁singer - s ong writer ▁Bever ley ▁Knight , ▁organ ised ▁to ▁support ▁the ▁album ▁Voice ▁- ▁The ▁Best ▁of

▁Bever ley ▁Knight . ▁It ▁began ▁on ▁ 9 ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁in ▁Card iff ▁and ▁ended ▁on ▁ 6 ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁in ▁P ly mouth . ▁ ▁Set ▁list ▁ ▁" Good ▁Morning ▁World " ▁( Int ro ) ▁ ▁" M ade ▁It ▁Back " ▁ ▁" Get ▁Up " ▁ ▁" Fl av our ▁of ▁the ▁Old ▁School " ▁ ▁" After ▁You " ▁ ▁" Sup erson ic " ▁ ▁" Same ▁( As ▁I ▁Ever ▁Was )" ▁ ▁" P iece ▁of ▁My ▁Heart " ▁ ▁" Shape ▁of ▁You " ▁( ac oustic ) ▁ ▁" S ista ▁S ista " ▁( ac oustic ) ▁ ▁" The ▁Need ▁of ▁You " ▁( ac oustic ) ▁ ▁" Great est ▁Day " ▁ ▁" Black ▁But ta " ▁ ▁" R ock ▁Ste ady " ▁ ▁" Gold " ▁ ▁" Should a ▁Would a ▁Could a " En core : ▁ ▁" Keep ▁This ▁Fire ▁Burn ing " ▁ ▁" Come ▁as ▁You ▁Are " ▁ ▁Foot notes : ▁On ▁numerous ▁nights ▁at ▁the ▁start ▁of ▁the ▁tour , ▁the ▁final ▁song ▁performed ▁was ▁" Ang els ". ▁ ▁Person nel ▁ ▁V oc als ▁Bever ley ▁Knight ▁- ▁vocals ▁Me ' sha ▁Bryan ▁- ▁backing ▁vocals ▁Bryan ▁Ch ambers ▁- ▁backing ▁vocals ▁Bill ie ▁God f rey ▁- ▁backing ▁vocals ▁ ▁Band ▁Paul ▁Re id ▁- ▁Gu it ars ▁/ ▁Mus ical ▁Director ▁Ash ley ▁Kings ley ▁-

▁key boards ▁Dar ren ▁Abraham ▁- ▁drums ▁Paul ▁Bruce ▁- ▁bass ▁ ▁Management ▁Andy ▁Bern stein ▁- ▁tour ▁manager ▁Ke ely ▁My ers ▁- ▁production ▁manager ▁Richard ▁" We z " ▁W earing ▁- ▁stage ▁manager ▁ ▁Additional ▁personnel ▁D enn ie ▁V idal ▁- ▁FO H ▁engineer ▁Steven ▁Abb iss ▁- ▁lighting ▁design ▁Simon ▁P ig gy ▁Lyn ch ▁- ▁lighting ▁crew ▁chief ▁Craig ▁P ry de ▁- ▁PA ▁tech ▁Rob ▁Web ster ▁Reed ▁- ▁monitor ▁engineer ▁ ▁Tour ▁dates ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁Guard ian ▁review ▁of ▁Ham mers m ith ▁A pol lo ▁gig ▁ ▁The ▁Times ▁review ▁of ▁Ham mers m ith ▁A pol lo ▁gig ▁ ▁Manchester ▁Even ing ▁News ▁review ▁of ▁Manchester ▁gig ▁ ▁Express ▁and ▁Star ▁review ▁of ▁W olver ham pton ▁gig ▁ ▁Category : B ever ley ▁Knight ▁concert ▁tours ▁Category : 2 0 0 6 ▁concert ▁tours <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁State ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁Building , ▁originally ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁County ▁Cour th ouse , ▁at ▁ 6 0 ▁Centre ▁Street ▁on ▁F ole y ▁Square ▁in ▁the ▁C iv ic ▁Center ▁neighborhood ▁of ▁Manhattan , ▁New ▁York ▁City , ▁houses ▁the ▁Civil ▁and ▁App ell ate ▁Terms ▁of ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁State ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁for ▁the ▁state ' s ▁First ▁Jud icial ▁District , ▁which ▁is ▁co ext ensive ▁with ▁Manhattan , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁offices ▁of ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁County ▁Cl erk . ▁ ▁The ▁gran ite - faced ▁hex agonal ▁building ▁was ▁designed ▁by ▁Guy ▁Low

ell ▁of ▁Boston ▁in ▁classical ▁Roman ▁style ▁and ▁was ▁built ▁between ▁ 1 9 1 3 ▁and ▁ 1 9 2 7 , ▁completion ▁having ▁been ▁delayed ▁by ▁World ▁War ▁I . ▁It ▁replaced ▁the ▁former ▁New ▁York ▁County ▁Cour th ouse ▁on ▁Ch ambers ▁Street , ▁popular ly ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁T we ed ▁Cour th ouse . ▁Both ▁the ▁interior ▁and ▁exterior ▁are ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁Land marks : ▁the ▁exterior ▁was ▁designated ▁on ▁February ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁and ▁the ▁interior ▁on ▁March ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 1 9 8 1 . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁The ▁selection ▁of ▁the ▁architect ▁was ▁done ▁by ▁a ▁design ▁competition , ▁which ▁was ▁won ▁by ▁Boston ▁architect ▁Guy ▁Low ell ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 3 . ▁Low ell ▁originally ▁proposed ▁a ▁circular ▁building , ▁to ▁be ▁built ▁at ▁the ▁vast ly ▁expensive ▁sum ▁of ▁$ 2 0 ▁to ▁$ 3 0 ▁million . ▁Construction ▁was ▁delayed ▁by ▁World ▁War ▁I ▁and ▁the ▁design ▁was ▁rem ade ▁as ▁a ▁smaller ▁and ▁less ▁expensive ▁hex agonal ▁building — a ▁Temple ▁of ▁Justice . ▁The ▁building ▁was ▁designed ▁in ▁the ▁Roman ▁classical ▁style . ▁Work ▁began ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 9 . ▁ ▁The ▁cour th ouse ' s ▁ded ication ▁ceremony ▁took ▁place ▁in ▁February ▁ 1 9 2 7 , ▁two ▁weeks ▁after ▁Low ell ▁died . ▁Chief ▁Judge ▁of ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁Court ▁of ▁Appe als ▁Benjamin ▁Card oz o ▁and ▁Associ ate ▁Jud ges ▁of ▁the

▁Court ▁of ▁Appe als ▁Frederick ▁E . ▁Cr ane ▁and ▁Ir ving ▁Le h man ▁were ▁present ▁at ▁the ▁event . ▁ ▁Art ▁and ▁architecture ▁ ▁Ex terior ▁ ▁The ▁building ' s ▁mass ▁and ▁scale ▁give ▁it ▁the ▁appearance ▁of ▁a ▁temple . ▁A ▁broad ▁set ▁of ▁steps ▁swe eps ▁up ▁from ▁F ole y ▁Square ▁to ▁a ▁massive ▁Cor inth ian ▁colon n ade ▁covering ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁front ▁of ▁the ▁cour th ouse , ▁to pped ▁by ▁an ▁elaborate ▁ 1 4 0 - foot - long ▁( 4 3 ▁m ) ▁tri angular ▁ped iment ▁of ▁thirteen ▁figures ▁carved ▁in ▁bas ▁relief ▁from ▁gran ite . ▁The ▁ped iment ▁and ▁ac ro ter ia ▁by ▁Frederick ▁Warren ▁Allen ▁include ▁three ▁stat ues : ▁Law , ▁Truth , ▁and ▁Equ ity . ▁A ▁f rie ze ▁bears ▁the ▁in scription ▁" The ▁true ▁administration ▁of ▁justice ▁is ▁the ▁firm est ▁pill ar ▁of ▁good ▁government ", ▁a ▁quot ation ▁taken ▁from ▁a ▁letter ▁written ▁by ▁George ▁Washington ▁to ▁Attorney ▁General ▁Ed mund ▁Rand olph ▁on ▁September ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 1 7 8 9 . ▁The ▁in scription ▁is ▁a ▁slight ▁mis quote ; ▁Washington ▁actually ▁referred ▁to ▁the ▁" due ▁administration " ▁of ▁justice ▁and ▁not ▁the ▁" true ▁administration " ▁of ▁justice , ▁an ▁error ▁discovered ▁by ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁Post ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁The ▁error ▁was ▁apparently ▁made ▁by ▁the ▁architect , ▁Guy ▁Low ell , ▁and ▁the ▁mistake ▁was ▁repeated ▁by

▁others , ▁including ▁Charles ▁Warren ▁in ▁his ▁Pul itzer ▁Prize – winning ▁The ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁in ▁United ▁States ▁History ▁( 1 9 2 2 ). ▁ ▁The ▁stone ▁steps ▁leading ▁up ▁to ▁the ▁colon n aded ▁entrance ▁were ▁fl anked ▁by ▁two ▁alleg or ical ▁stat ues , ▁Justice ▁and ▁Authority , ▁both ▁designed ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 6 ▁by ▁the ▁Franco - American ▁sculpt or ▁Philip ▁Mart iny ▁( 1 8 5 8 – 1 9 2 7 ). ▁These ▁are ▁now ▁at ▁the ▁back ▁of ▁the ▁building . ▁Both ▁figures ▁are ▁large ▁in ▁size , ▁made ▁of ▁gran ite , ▁and ▁seated . ▁Justice , ▁a ▁female ▁figure , ▁is ▁on ▁the ▁right ▁side ▁and ▁holds ▁a ▁shield ▁and ▁scroll ; ▁Authority ▁is ▁on ▁the ▁left ▁side ▁and ▁holds ▁a ▁scroll ▁and ▁f as ces , ▁the ▁Roman ▁symbol ▁of ▁authority . ▁The ▁figures ▁were ▁purchased ▁by ▁the ▁City ▁of ▁New ▁York ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 6 ▁and ▁originally ▁fl anked ▁the ▁Centre ▁Street ▁entrance ▁to ▁the ▁Sur ro gate ' s ▁Cour th ouse ▁( H all ▁of ▁Records ); ▁the ▁figures ▁were ▁removed ▁in ▁early ▁ 1 9 6 0 ▁for ▁the ▁wid ening ▁of ▁Centre ▁Street ▁and ▁an ▁expansion ▁of ▁the ▁underlying ▁sub way ▁platforms , ▁and ▁were ▁then ▁moved ▁to ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁County ▁Cour th ouse . ▁ ▁Interior ▁ ▁The ▁rot unda ▁is ▁ ▁in ▁circum ference ▁and ▁r ises ▁ ▁to ▁a ▁cup ola ▁which ▁in ▁ ▁high ▁and ▁ ▁long .