copenlu/tydiqa_copenlu huggingface dataset:
Economy of the Middle East

Yemen has suffered from chronic economic mismanagement.  With 85% unemployment, the nation relies heavily on expatriate remittances.[60]  The reliance on foreign labor markets proved disastrous following the 1991 Persian Gulf War when Saudi Arabia and Kuwait expelled Yemeni workers and curtailed aid to the country in response to its support of Iraq.[30]  Most of Yemen's GDP comes from its limited oil production.  The bulk of its labor is involved in agriculture where its primary cash crop is khat.
On 3 November 2018 a British MP from Labor Party blamed Iran backed rebels in Yemen for the disastrous humanitarian crisis in that country.  Graham Jones, chairman of the Commons Committees on Arms Exports Controls (CAEC) has questioned the British Government ‘s arm sales.[61]

Question: What is the wealthiest country in the Middle East?

Rhodesia

While as Rhodesia, the country was once considered the breadbasket of Africa. Today, Zimbabwe is a net importer of foodstuffs, with the European Union and United States providing emergency food relief as humanitarian aid on a regular basis.[172] The nation has suffered profound economic and social decline in the past twenty years. Recently the agriculture sector has started to do well since the availability of expertise and machines has improved supported mainly by China.[173][174]

Question: Where is Rhodesia?

Alberta

The Edmonton Clinic complex, completed in 2012, provides a similar research, education, and care environment as the Mayo Clinic in the United States.[117][118]

Question: How large is Alberta, Canada?

Anschluss

The Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, the Ausgleich, provided for a dual sovereignty, the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary, under Franz Joseph I. The Austrian-Hungarian rule of this diverse empire included various different ethnic groups including Hungarians, Slavic ethnic groups such as Croats, Czechs, Poles, Rusyns, Serbs, Slovaks, Slovenes, and Ukrainians, as well as Italians and Romanians ruled by a German minority.[8] The empire caused tensions between the various ethnic groups. Many Austrian pan-Germans showed loyalty to Bismarck[9] and only to Germany, wore symbols that were temporarily banned in Austrian schools and advocated the dissolution of the empire to allow an annexation of Austria to Germany.[10][11] Although many Austrians agreed with pan-Germanism ideas, a lot of them still showed allegiance to the Habsburg Monarchy and wished for Austria to remain an independent country.[12] After the Nazis gained power in Germany in 1933, they used propaganda to try to coerce Austrians into advocating for an Anschluss to the German Reich by using slogans such as Ein Volk, ein Reich, ein Führer ("One People, One Empire, One Leader").[13]

Question: When did the Nazis occupy Austria?
Silent Hill (video game)

Silent Hill received positive reviews from critics on its release and was commercially successful. It is considered a defining title in the survival horror genre, and is also considered by many to be one of the greatest video games ever made, as it moved away from B movie horror elements toward a more psychological horror style, emphasizing atmosphere.[1] Various adaptations of Silent Hill have been released, including a 2001 visual novel, the 2006 feature film Silent Hill, and a 2009 reimagining of the game, titled Silent Hill: Shattered Memories. The game was followed by Silent Hill 2 in 2001, and a direct sequel, Silent Hill 3, in 2003.

Question: Who published the Silent Hill series?

Nationalism

In the late 19th and early 20th century, many Polish nationalist leaders endorsed the Piast Concept. It held there was a Polish utopia during the Piast Dynasty a thousand years before, and modern Polish nationalists should restore its central values of Poland for the Poles. Jan Poplawski had developed the "Piast Concept" in the 1890s, and it formed the centerpiece of Polish nationalist ideology, especially as presented by the National Democracy Party, known as the "Endecja," which was led by Roman Dmowski. In contrast with the Jagiellon concept, there was no concept for a multi-ethnic Poland.[62]

Question: When was the term nationalism first used?

AIDS

Mother-to-child transmission is another contributing factor in the transmission of HIV-1 in developing nations. Due to a lack of testing, a shortage in antenatal therapies and through the feeding of contaminated breast milk, 590,000 infants born in developing countries are infected with HIV-1 per year. In 2000, the World Health Organization estimated that 25% of the units of blood transfused in Africa were not tested for HIV, and that 10% of HIV infections in Africa were transmitted via blood.

Question: How many people die from AIDs each year?

Demographics of Spain

The population of Spain doubled during the twentieth century, but the pattern of growth was extremely uneven due to large-scale internal migration from the rural interior to the industrial cities, a phenomenon which happened later than in other Western European countries. No fewer than eleven of Spain's fifty provinces saw an absolute decline in population over the century.

Question: What is the population of Spain?

UFO (TV series)

Kill Straker, a Question of Priorities was also released in Italy, as "UFO - Distruggete Base Luna", the second film of the Italian series, while Invasion: UFO was released in Italy in 1974, too (as "UFO - Annientate SHADO... Uccidete Straker... Stop", the final film of the Italian film series), in the United States in 1980 and in 1985 in West Germany (by International Home Video as "Weltraumkommando S.H.A.D.O." and by MTC Video as "Spacecommand S.H.A.D.O.").

Question: How many episodes of the British TV show UFO were there?

CanAm Highway

Route map: Attached KML Error: KML file not found

Question: What highway connects from Texas to Canada?
Gastroenteritis

There are a number of non-infectious causes of inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract.[1] Some of the more common include medications (like NSAIDs), certain foods such as lactose (in those who are intolerant), and gluten (in those with celiac disease). Crohn's disease is also a non-infectious source of (often severe) gastroenteritis.[1] Disease secondary to toxins may also occur. Some food-related conditions associated with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea include: ciguatera poisoning due to consumption of contaminated predatory fish, scombroid associated with the consumption of certain types of spoiled fish, tetrodotoxin poisoning from the consumption of puffer fish among others, and botulism typically due to improperly preserved food.[37]

Question: When was the term gastroenteritis first used?

Joan of Arc

Robert de Baudricourt granted Joan an escort to visit Chinon after news from Orleans confirmed her assertion of the defeat. She made the journey through hostile Burgundian territory disguised as a male soldier,[38] a fact which would later lead to charges of "cross-dressing" against her, although her escort viewed it as a normal precaution. Two of the members of her escort said they and the people of Vaucouleurs provided her with this clothing, and had suggested it to her.[39]

Question: When did Joan of Arc die?

Han Hyo-joo

She then ventured into the overseas market by starring in her first Japanese film, Isshin Inudo's Miracle: Debikuro-kun no Koi to Maho ("Miracle Devil Claus' Love and Magic"). Set during the Christmas season, the film is a love story about a kind bookstore employee (played by Masaki Aiba from J-pop boyband Arashi) who meets three women.[38][39]

Question: How old is Han Hyo-joo?

Fastest animals

While comparing between various classes of animals, a different unit is used, body length per second for organisms. The fastest organism on earth, relative to body length, is the South Californian mite Paratarsotomus macropalpis, which has a speed of 322 body lengths per second.[4] The equivalent speed for a human running as fast as this mite would be 1,300mph (2,092km/h).[5] This is far in excess of the previous record holder, the Australian tiger beetle, Cicindela eburneola, the fastest insect in the world relative to body size, which has been recorded at 1.86 metres per second (6.7km/h; 4.2mph) or 171 body lengths per second.[6] The cheetah, the fastest land mammal, scores at only 16 body lengths per second [4] while Anna's hummingbird has the highest known length-specific velocity attained by any vertebrate

Question: What is the fastest swimming animal?

Aerosol

There are no general solutions to the general dynamic equation (GDE);[31] common methods used to solve the general dynamic equation include:[32]

Question: What is an aerosol?
National Football League television blackout policies

In all other markets, the networks are the sole arbiters of the telecast matches. However, they usually make their decisions after consulting with all of their local affiliates. On rarer occasions, some affiliates are offered a choice of a few games for a given time slot, if there is no game that stands out as appropriate. In those cases, some stations have allowed the viewers to vote online for their preferred game. In the early 1990s, New Orleans NBC affiliate WDSU conducted a poll via telephone during several weeks to select which game would be broadcast. 

Question: When did the NFL first introduce its television blackout policies?

Crime film

Often, the private investigator storms into the courtroom at the very last minute in order to bring a new and crucial piece of information to the attention of the court. This type of literature lends itself to the literary genre of drama focused more on dialogue (the opening and closing statements, the witnesses' testimonies, etc.) and little or no necessity for a shift in scenery. The auditorium of the theatre becomes an extension of the courtroom. When a courtroom drama is filmed, the traditional device employed by screenwriters and directors is the frequent use of flashbacks, in which the crime and everything that led up to it is narrated and reconstructed from different angles.

Question: What is a crime drama?

History of Tibet

Sonam Gyatso publicly announced that he was a reincarnation of the Tibetan Sakya monk Drogön Chögyal Phagpa (1235–1280) who converted Kublai Khan, while Altan Khan was a reincarnation of Kublai Khan (1215–1294), the famous ruler of the Mongols and Emperor of China, and that they had come together again to cooperate in propagating the Buddhist religion.[52] While this did not immediately lead to a massive conversion of Mongols to Buddhism (this would only happen in the 1630s), it did lead to the widespread use of Buddhist ideology for the legitimation of power among the Mongol nobility. Last but not least, Yonten Gyatso, the fourth Dalai Lama, was a grandson of Altan Khan.[53]

Question: How old is Tibet?

Mitrailleuse

After Napoleon III's abdication following the disastrous French defeat in the Battle of Sedan, French war powers fell into the hand of a republican government led by Léon Gambetta. He vigorously organized national defense and the continued manufacture of war equipment. Most of the conventional weapon manufacturing was located in provincial France, but some mitrailleuse repair and even construction continued inside Paris during the city's four-month siege.

Question: When was the first mitrailleuse developed?
Three Laws of Robotics

A human may not deploy a robot without the human-robot work system meeting the highest legal and professional standards of safety and ethics.
A robot must respond to humans as appropriate for their roles.
A robot must be endowed with sufficient situated autonomy to protect its own existence as long as such protection provides smooth transfer of control which does not conflict with the First and Second Laws.[55]

Question: When did Issac Asimov publish his rules on robotics?

Broiler

Ascites is characterised by hypertrophy and dilatation of the heart, changes in liver function, pulmonary insufficiency, hypoxaemia and accumulation of large amounts of fluid in the abdominal cavity. Ascites develops gradually and the birds suffer for an extended period before they die.  In the UK, up to 19 million broilers die in their sheds from heart failure each year.[22]

Question: What is the most common breed of chicken used for commercial meat production?

Tokyo Dome

In 2003, Russian duo t.A.T.u. performed on 1 and 2 December 2003.

Question: When was the Tokyo Dome built?

List of leading Thoroughbred racehorses

This list shows horses who won a series of Grade/Group 1 races without a loss and without an intervening race at a lower level of competition.

Question: How fast is the fastest horse in the world?

Climate of Mars

Honore Flaugergues 1809 discovery of "yellow clouds" on the surface of Mars is the first known observation of Martian dust storms.[4] Flaugergues also observed in 1813 significant polar ice waning during Martian springtime. His speculation that this meant that Mars was warmer than earth proved inaccurate.

Question: What is the temperature on Mars?

Demography of the Netherlands

Number of deaths for January–November 2017 =  136,474
Number of deaths for January–November 2018 =  140,111

Question: How many people live in Netherlands?

The Suffering (video game)

Instruments were also created by Seattle musician/instrument designer Ela Lamblin. These included a Stamenphone ("a sort of cross between a waterphone and a tambura that can be bowed to create droning tonal melodies or struck for a percussive metallic resonating sound") and Orbacles ("hollow metal pods large enough to fit a person inside. These could be struck to create percussive impacts, bowed with superballs to create moaning ambiences and played like congas to create rhythms"). These were combined with other objects such as hubcaps, railroad spikes, hammers and glass jars. Metal rods "were about 8-10 feet long and were played by rubbing rosin-coated gloves lengthwise along the rods. These created otherworldly drones that were later put into a sampler, pitched up and down and layered to create ambiences. The rods were also struck to create violent shrieks and metallic percussive sounds." A mounted bicycle wheel "was played by cranking the wheel and scraping different objects across the spokes."[49]

Question: Who was the lead developer on The Suffering?
Oakum

Charles Dickens's novel Oliver Twist mentions the extraction of oakum by orphaned children in the workhouse. The oakum extracted was for use on navy ships, and the instructor said that they were serving the country.

Question: Why is tar used to seal cracks?

2007 Holiday Bowl

Chris Jessee, a member of the Longhorns football operations staff and Mack Brown's stepson, stepped onto the field and bent down as if to pick up the bouncing ball.  Jessee thought that the ball was an incomplete forward pass and he was making the signal for intentional grounding as he stepped forward.  The ball came close to Jessee's hands but it was not clear if he managed to touch it or if it bounced over his hands cleanly.[20][25]  Texas' Roy Miller slapped the ball, keeping it in-bounds.  Aaron Lewis picked up the ball and advanced it 13yards to the Arizona State 44-yard line.[26]

Question: What stadium hosted the 2007 Pacific Life Holiday Bowl?

Guillaume Apollinaire

Apollinaire is considered one of the foremost poets of the early 20th century, as well as one of the most impassioned defenders of Cubism and a forefather of Surrealism. He is credited with coining the term "cubism" in 1911 to describe the emerging art movement and the term "surrealism" in 1917 to describe the works of Erik Satie. The term Orphism (1912) is also his. Apollinaire wrote one of the earliest Surrealist literary works, the play The Breasts of Tiresias (1917), which became the basis for the 1947 opera Les mamelles de Tirésias.

Question: How old was Guillaume Apollinaire?

Extremism

George, John and Laird Wilcox. Nazis, Communists, Klansmen, and Others on the Fringe: Political Extremism in America Prometheus Books, 1992. (ISBN0-87975-680-2)
Himmelstein, Jerome L. All But Sleeping with the Enemy: Studying the Radical Right Up Close ASA, San Francisco: 1988
Hoffer, Eric. The True Believer: Thoughts on the Nature of Mass Movements. Various editions, first published 1951.
Schlesinger, Arthur. The Vital Center: The Politics of Freedom. Various editions, first published 1949.
Wilcox, Laird. "What Is Political Extremism", retrieved from 


Question: What is the extremist ideology?

List of Massachusetts locations by per capita income

Ranking of Cities and Towns based on per capita income.

Question: What is Massachusetts average income?

Cerebellum

These direct pain inputs, as well as indirect inputs, are thought to induce long-term pain avoidance behavior that results in chronic posture changes and consequently, in functional and anatomical remodeling of vestibular and proprioceptive nuclei. As a result, chronic neuropathic pain can induce macroscopic anatomical remodeling of the hindbrain, including the cerebellum.[73] The magnitude of this remodeling and the induction of neuron progenitor markers suggest the contribution of adult neurogenesis to these changes.

Question: How large is the human cerebellum?
List of monarchs of Carthage

Mago I c. 550 – c. 530 BC
Hasdrubal I c. 530 – c. 510 BC
Hamilcar I c. 510–480 BC
Hanno II 480–440 BC
Himilco I (in Sicily) 460–410 BC
Hannibal I 440–406 BC
Himilco II 406–396 BC
Mago II 396–375 BC
Mago III 375–344 BC
Hanno III 344–340 BC

Question: Who was the last ruler of Carthage?

Linnwood, Guildford

Linnwood Hall is located in Holroyd, south of Guildford. The residence sits high on a north-south running ridge within spacious grounds of about 5.113 hectares (12.63 acres) with mature trees. Several other early elements from the initial phase of development of the property are evident within this curtilage including an unusual octagonal summerhouse, several mature trees and fountains.[2]

Question: In what city is the Linnwood historical society located?

National Flower of the Republic of China


Republic of China plum blossom symbol basic form
Seal of the President of the Republic of China
Chinese Taipei Olympic flag
Symbol of the Sun Yat-sen Freeway
China Airlines aircraft tails feature plum blossoms


Question: What's the national flower of Taiwan?

Nike, Inc.

In September 2018, Nike announced it had signed former American football quarterback Colin Kaepernick, noted for his  controversial decision to kneel during the playing of the US national anthem, to a long-term advertising campaign.[99] According to Charles Robinson of Yahoo! Sports, Kaepernick and Nike agreed to a new contract despite the fact Kaepernick has been with the company since 2011 and said that "interest from other shoe companies" played a part in the new agreement. Robinson said the contract is a "wide endorsement" where Kaepernick will have his own branded line including shoes, shirts, jerseys and more. According to Robinson, Kaepernick signed a "star" contract that puts him level with a "top-end NFL player" worth millions per year plus royalties.[100] In response, some people set fire to their own Nike-branded clothes and shoes or cut the Nike swoosh logo out of their clothes, and the Fraternal Order of Police called the advertisement an "insult";[101][102][103] others, such as LeBron James,[104] Serena Williams,[105] and the National Black Police Association,[103] praised Nike for its campaign. The College of the Ozarks removed Nike from all their athletic uniforms in response.[106]

Question: When was Nike founded?

Pugachev's Rebellion

The Imperial government endeavored to keep the matter of the rebellion strictly secret or, failing that, to portray it as a minor outbreak that would soon be quelled. The absence of an independent Russian press at the time, particularly in the provinces, meant that foreigners could read only what the government chose to print in the two official papers, or whatever news they could obtain from correspondents in the interior. (Alexander, 522) Russian government undertook to propagate in the foreign press its own version of events and directed its representatives abroad to play down the revolt.[22]

Question: How many people died in the Pugachev's Rebellion?
Homage to Catalonia

He describes the deficiencies of the POUM workers' militia, the absence of weapons, the recruits mostly boys of sixteen or seventeen ignorant of the meaning of war, half-complains about the sometimes frustrating tendency of Spaniards to put things off until "mañana" (tomorrow), notes his struggles with Spanish (or more usually, the local use of Catalan). He praises the generosity of the Catalan working class. Orwell leads to the next chapter by describing the "conquering-hero stuff"—parades through the streets and cheering crowds—that the militiamen experienced at the time he was sent to the Aragón front.

Question: When did George Orwell write Homage to Catalonia?

Methane

Methane was discovered and isolated by Alessandro Volta between 1776 and 1778 when studying marsh gas from Lake Maggiore. It is the major component of natural gas, about 87% by volume. The major source of methane is extraction from geological deposits known as natural gas fields, with coal seam gas extraction becoming a major source (see Coal bed methane extraction, a method for extracting methane from a coal deposit, while enhanced coal bed methane recovery is a method of recovering methane from non-mineable coal seams). It is associated with other hydrocarbon fuels, and sometimes accompanied by helium and nitrogen. Methane is produced at shallow levels (low pressure) by anaerobic decay of organic matter and reworked methane from deep under the Earth's surface. In general, the sediments that generate natural gas are buried deeper and at higher temperatures than those that contain oil.

Question: Where does methane come from naturally?

Kingdom of Aksum

Under Emperor Ezana, Aksum adopted Christianity in place of its former polytheistic and Judaic religions around 325. This gave rise to the present day Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church (only granted autonomy from the Coptic Church in 1959), and Eritrean Orthodox Tewahdo Church (granted autonomy from the Ethiopian Orthodox church in 1993). Since the schism with orthodoxy following the Council of Chalcedon (451), it has been an important Miaphysite church, and its scriptures and liturgy continue to be in Ge'ez.[2][5]

Question: How long did the Aksumites rule in Ethiopia?

Red blood cell

Structural role – The following membrane proteins establish linkages with skeletal proteins and may play an important role in regulating cohesion between the lipid bilayer and membrane skeleton, likely enabling the red cell to maintain its favorable membrane surface area by preventing the membrane from collapsing (vesiculating).

Question: How many red blood cells are in the human body?

2017 24 Hours of Le Mans

The Le Mans Prototype 2 (LMP2) category was revamped with the introduction of a single specification engine from Gibson, with increased power output compared to 2016 LMP2 cars.[8] Cockpit and chassis designs also mimic the Le Mans Prototype 1 (LMP1) regulations for safety.[9] The four approved chassis manufacturers were Dallara, Ligier, Oreca and Riley.[10]

Question: Who won the 85th 24 Hours of Le Mans?