copenlu/tydiqa_copenlu huggingface dataset:
Guillaume Apollinaire

In his youth Apollinaire lived for a short while in Belgium, mastering the Walloon dialect sufficiently to write poetry, some of which has survived.

Question: What age did Guillaume Apollinaire die?

Paul Bernardo

Episodes of Law & Order ("Fools for Love", season 10),[40] Law & Order: Special Victims Unit ("Damaged", season 4), Close to Home ("Truly, Madly, Deeply", season 2) and The Inspector Lynley Mysteries (2007's "Know Thine Enemy") were inspired by the case. Under the Canadian publication ban in force at the time, "Fools for Love" could not be shown on Canadian television when it aired on February 23, 2000. The second episode of The Mentalist concerned a respectable, murderous husband-and-wife team. The Criminal Minds episode "Mr. and Mrs. Anderson" contains a serial-killer couple loosely based on Bernardo and Homolka, and the Bernardo case was mentioned by the Behavioral Analysis Unit team when they delivered their profile to the local police.
Dark Heart, Iron Hand, an MSNBC documentary rebroadcast as "To Love and To Kill" on MSNBC Investigates, concerned the case.[41][42] In 2004, producers from Quantum Entertainment (a Los Angeles-based production company) announced the release of Karla, with the working title Deadly.[43] 
The 1993 Rush song "Nobody's Hero" references the murder of a young girl in Port Dalhousie, drummer Neil Peart's hometown.[44]

Question: When was Paul Kenneth Bernardo caught?
Eastern Orthodoxy by country

The number of members of the Eastern Orthodox Church in each country has been subject to a lot of debate. Each study performed that seeks to discover the number of adherents in a country may use different criteria, and be submitted to different populations. As such, some numbers may be inflated, and therefore inaccurate. Examples of this are Greece and Russia, where estimates of adherence to Eastern Orthodoxy may reach 80-98%, but where surveys found lower percentages professing Eastern Orthodoxy or belief in God. The likely reason for this disparity is that many people in these majority Eastern Orthodox countries will culturally identify with the Eastern Orthodox Church, especially if they were baptized as children, even if they are not currently practicing. This includes those who may be irreligious, yet culturally identify with the Eastern Orthodox Church, or for whom Eastern Orthodox Christianity is listed on official state records. Other cases of incongruent data also might be due to counting ethnic groups from Eastern Orthodox countries rather than actual adherents. A case of this is the United States, which has large numbers of immigrants from Eastern Orthodox countries. The Eastern Orthodox jurisdictions often reported large numbers of members, which together would total 2-3 million across the country. However, a 2010 study by Alexei Krindatch sought data from each parish, with the specific criteria of annual participation. This study produced the "Atlas of American Orthodox Christian Churches", and discovered that there were only about 817,000 Eastern Orthodox Christians actively practicing their faith (that is to say, attending church services on a regular basis) in the United States. The study explained that such a difference was due to a variety of circumstances, for example the higher numbers having counted all people who self-identify as Eastern Orthodox on a census regardless of active participation, or all people belonging to ethnic groups originating in Eastern Orthodox countries. This study, while initially controversial, proved groundbreaking, and has since been officially approved for use by the Assembly of Canonical Orthodox Bishops of the United States of America.

Question: How many people take part in Eastern Orthodox?

History of manga

Military action-adventure stories set in the modern world, for example, about WWII, remained under suspicion of glorifying Japan’s Imperial history[98] and have not become a significant part of the shōnen manga repertoire.[98] Nonetheless, stories about fantasy or historical military adventure were not stigmatized, and manga about heroic warriors and martial artists have been extremely popular.[98] Some are serious dramas, like Sanpei Shirato's The Legend of Kamui and Rurouni Kenshin by Nobuhiro Watsuki, but others contain strongly humorous elements, like Akira Toriyama's Dragon Ball.

Question: When was manga first invented?
Anerood Jugnauth

He has also a commemorative golden Mauritian rupee coin issued by the Bank of Mauritius having his portrait on the obverse and a Dodo on the reverse. The inscriptions are "THE Rt HON SIR ANEROOD JUGNAUTH PC, QC, KCMG " and is followed by "MAURITIUS". It originally holds a value of Rs 1,000 but is sold as a collection piece at US$1,881.

Question: Where was Sir Anerood Jugnauth born?

Volleyball

As with passing, one may distinguish between an overhand and a bump set. Since the former allows for more control over the speed and direction of the ball, the bump is used only when the ball is so low it cannot be properly handled with fingertips, or in beach volleyball where rules regulating overhand setting are more stringent. In the case of a set, one also speaks of a front or back set, meaning whether the ball is passed in the direction the setter is facing or behind the setter. There is also a jump set that is used when the ball is too close to the net. In this case the setter usually jumps off his or her right foot straight up to avoid going into the net. The setter usually stands about ⅔ of the way from the left to the right of the net and faces the left (the larger portion of net that he or she can see).

Question: Who first played volleyball?

René Descartes

Despite frequent moves,[42] he wrote all his major work during his 20-plus years in the Netherlands, where he managed to revolutionize mathematics and philosophy.[43] In 1633, Galileo was condemned by the Italian Inquisition, and Descartes abandoned plans to publish Treatise on the World, his work of the previous four years. Nevertheless, in 1637 he published part of this work[44] in three essays: "Les Météores" (The Meteors), "La Dioptrique" (Dioptrics) and "La Géométrie" (Geometry), preceded by an introduction, his famous Discours de la méthode (Discourse on the Method).[44] In it, Descartes lays out four rules of thought, meant to ensure that our knowledge rests upon a firm foundation.

Question: What years did Descartes live?

BioShock 2

IGN scored the game a 9.1/10 and said that "anyone looking for a first-person shooter that offers more than flat, stereotypical characters and copy-and-paste supersoldier plots, one that attempts to establish a sense of right and wrong and loops you into the decision making process, and one that's set in one of the most vividly realized settings around should pick up BioShock 2. It's a game in which story, setting, and gameplay are expertly blended to create an experience that's as thought-provoking as it is entertaining."[88] IGN's review also stated that the game does not look as visually impressive as its predecessor, but it is still one of the best-looking games around because of its unique art style. In a round-table style video chat, IGN editors said that Rapture was less mysterious because players have seen it before, and that was a major strike against the game. Since the original had such an eerie mysterious feel to it, the twists and turns seen in the sequel seemed less surprising.[92]

Question: Where does Bioshock 2 take place?
Machu Picchu

Machu Picchu is visitable region in the Super Famicom game Front Mission Series: Gun Hazard. It appears late in the game for a set of missions where the protagonist and his team must take care of a wave of guerrila attacks in the city.

Question: Who built the city of Machu Picchu?

Wolfgang Ketterle

Since 2011, Ketterle has been married to Michèle Plott.  He has five children, three with Gabriele Ketterle, to whom he was married from 1985 to 2001.[4]

Question: Who won the Nobel prize for physics in 2001?

Serbia in the Yugoslav Wars

International Court of Justice treated all violent conflicts in ex-Yugoslavia until 7 September 1991 as internal clashes or civil war. But after that date, all conflicts, especially armed confrontations and human victims, are international armed conflicts.[59] Republic of Serbia officially denied any military engagement into Bosnian War and Croatian War for Independence. However, many Serbian political, military and paramilitary leaders (including Slobodan Milošević, Vojislav Šešelj, Jovica Stanišić, Franko Simatović, Veljko Kadijević, Blagoje Adžić and Željko Ražnatović) were accused of war crimes committed in Bosnia and Croatia. According to Prosecution, those leaders participated in a joint criminal enterprise aimed to established "Greater Serbia" from the disintegrating Yugoslavia.[12]

Question: When was the Serbian War?

Dom Pérignon

The number of bottles produced in each vintage is not precisely defined, although it is at least 5 million bottles. [15][16][3]

Question: What is the most expensive Champagne?

Cats (musical)

In May 2016, it was announced that Tom Hooper would direct a film adaptation of the musical for Universal Pictures and Working Title Films with Tim Bevan, Eric Fellner, Debra Hayward and Hooper serving as producers.[31]  In January 2018, Lloyd Webber announced that, as part of the ongoing development of the film, he has composed a new song, to be sung by Victoria, the perky white kitten. Lloyd Webber also announced that, while the film has not been officially greenlit by Working Title, casting is underway.[32] On 13 June 2018, Billy Elliot screenwriter Lee Hall was confirmed as penning the script, while Hooper was still the choice to direct. Meanwhile, Anne Hathaway was reported to be in talks to star in a currently unknown role. Hathaway previously worked with Hooper on Les Misérables. Rihanna was on the wish-list for the role of Bombalurina; however, nothing had been formalized. According to Den of Geek, Cats is set to start filming November 2018 in the UK, which would point towards a release in late 2019.[33] Later, on 21 June 2018, the Royal Ballet's resident choreographer, Wayne McGregor, was signed on to choreograph the film while casting commenced.[34]

Question: When did the musical Cats premier?

Kamen Rider

 – Shotaro Ishinomori with Ishimori Productions Official Website
 – A theme park with official events, exhibitions and shops related to the Kamen Rider series
 – The site's look changes when the next series premieres in Korea

Question: When did Kamen Rider first premier?
History of the United States Republican Party

Reagan's influence upon the party persists as nearly every Republican Party speaker still reveres him. As such, social scientists Theodore Caplow et al. argue: "The Republican party, nationally, moved from right-center toward the center in the 1940s and 1950s, then moved right again in the 1970s and 1980s".[1]

Question: When was the U.S. Republican party formed?

Pysanka

The symbols which decorated pysanky underwent a process of adaptation over time. In pre-Christian times these symbols imbued an egg with magical powers to ward off evil spirits, banish winter, guarantee a good harvest and bring a person good luck. After 988, when Christianity became the state religion of Ukraine, the interpretation of many of the symbols began to change, and the pagan motifs were reinterpreted in a Christian light.

Question: What does pysanka mean?

Tornado climatology

Not every thunderstorm, supercell, squall line, or tropical cyclone will produce a tornado. Precisely the right atmospheric conditions are required for the formation of even a weak tornado. On the other hand, 700 or more tornadoes a year are reported in the contiguous United States.

Question: Where are tornadoes most common in the world?

History of biochemistry

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the primary gene amplification technique that has revolutionized modern biochemistry. Polymerase chain reaction was developed by Kary Mullis in 1983.[34] There are four steps to a proper polymerase chain reaction: 1) denaturation 2) extension 3) insertion (of gene to be expressed) and finally 4) amplification of the inserted gene. These steps with simple illustrative examples of this process can be seen in the image below and to the right of this section. This technique allows for the copy of a single gene to be amplified into hundreds or even millions of copies and has become a cornerstone in the protocol for any biochemist that wishes to work with bacteria and gene expression. PCR is not only used for gene expression research but is also capable of aiding laboratories in diagnosing certain diseases such a lymphomas, some types of leukemia, and other malignant diseases that can sometimes puzzle doctors. Without polymerase chain reaction development, there are many advancements in the field of bacterial study and protein expression study that would not have come to fruition.[35] The development of the theory and process of polymerase chain reaction is essential but the invention of the thermal cycler is equally as important because the process would not be possible without this instrument. This is yet another testament to the fact that the advancement of technology is just as crucial to sciences such as biochemistry as is the painstaking research that leads to the development of theoretical concepts.

Question: Who first identified metabolism?
Climate of Uranus

The tracking of numerous cloud features allowed determination of zonal winds blowing in the upper troposphere of Uranus.[1] At the equator winds are retrograde, which means that they blow in the reverse direction to the planetary rotation. Their speeds are from −100 to −50m/s.[1][8] Wind speeds increase with the distance from the equator, reaching zero values near ±20° latitude, where the troposphere's temperature minimum is located.[1][14] Closer to the poles, the winds shift to a prograde direction, flowing with its rotation. Wind speeds continue to increase reaching maxima at ±60° latitude before falling to zero at the poles.[1] Wind speeds at −40° latitude range from 150 to 200m/s. Because the collar obscures all clouds below that parallel, speeds between it and the south pole are impossible to measure.[1] In contrast, in the northern hemisphere maximum speeds as high as 240m/s are observed near +50 degrees of latitude.[1][8] These speeds sometimes lead to incorrect assertions that winds are faster in the northern hemisphere. In fact, latitude per latitude, winds are slightly slower in the northern part of Uranus, especially at the midlatitudes from ±20 to ±40 degrees.[1] There is currently no agreement about whether any changes in wind speed have occurred since 1986,[1][8][15] and nothing is known about much slower meridional winds.[1]

Question: What is the temperature of Uranus?

List of Game of Thrones episodes

Daenerys arrives in Westeros, and takes up the ancestral seat of House Targaryen, in Dragonstone. She begins forming plans to overthrow Cersei, but Jon arrives to convince her to pause her assault and instead use her forces to save Westeros from the Night King, leader of the White Walkers, and his Army of the Dead. During a mission beyond the Wall to gather evidence of the coming threat, one of Daenerys' dragons is killed and reanimated by the Night King. Jon and Daenerys attempt to persuade Cersei to join their cause, but she secretly uses the ceasefire to bolster her own army in an attempt to increase control over the continent. At Winterfell, Sansa is reunited with her siblings, Arya and Bran. When Lord Protector of the Vale Petyr Baelish begins to turn the Stark children against one another, they work together to uncover his treacherous past and sentence him to death. In a vision, Bran sees that his aunt Lyanna was in fact married to Prince Rhaegar, and that Jon's real name is Aegon Targaryen, making him the true heir to the Iron Throne. After his sister Yara is kidnapped by his uncle Euron, Theon sets out to reclaim his true identity and save her. Having claimed Viserion as his own dragon, the Night King demolishes a section of The Wall, allowing the White Walkers and Army of the Dead to pass into the Seven Kingdoms.

Question: How many episodes does Game of Thrones have?
Xenoblade Chronicles 2

The game was announced in January 2017 as part of Nintendo's detailed reveal of the Nintendo Switch, with a gameplay trailer being released on the same day.[1][18][19] Similar to the original Xenoblade, the title was announced as Xenoblade 2 in Japan, but had Chronicles added to its name in English speaking regions.[20] The game was also a part of Nintendo's presentation at E3 2017, where it was reconfirmed for release by the end of 2017.[21] Like the original Xenoblade Chronicles, Nintendo's European division took up the reins for the English localization, who regularly communicated with Nintendo's Japanese and American divisions about decisions that could prove controversial, something that was previously an issue with Xenoblade Chronicles X.[22] The game had a simultaneous worldwide launch on December 1, 2017, as the localization process took place during development rather than after it, unlike the first two games.[23]

Question: When did Xenoblade Chronicles 2 release?

Koa'e Fault Zone

Fault Scarpes in the Koa’e Fault Zone create a Horst and Graben type of terrain. Some of the scarpes (called “pali” in native Hawaiian) face northwards, towards the summit of Kilauea Volcano and Halemaumau Crater. This is unusual because the scarpes usually face in the direction of flow. Monitoring data of the fault zone has revealed that at the Pacific Ocean, the land mass is moving at a rate of 2.5 centimeters per year. In the upper regions of the fault zone, the crust is moving at a rate of 8cm annually. This vast difference in movement rates has over time created numerous antiforms in the region.

Question: Where is the fault line for Hawaii located?

Rugby union in Wales

Gareth Edwards was voted the greatest player of all time in a players poll in 2003 and scored what is widely regarded as the greatest try of all time in 1973 for the Barbarians against New Zealand.

Question: How many rugby teams does Wales have?

Instant camera

Polaroid also invented and manufactured an instant movie camera system was called Polavision. The kit included a camera, film, and a movie viewer. When the movie was shot, it would be taken out of the camera and then inserted into the viewer for development, then viewed after development. This format was close to Super 8 mm film. Polavision film was different from normal film in that it was an additive film, mixing the primary colors (red, green, blue) to form the color image. The biggest disadvantage of the Polavision system was the low film speed (ASA 40), which resulted in having to use very bright lights when taking the movie, as well as requiring a special player to view the developed movie. It also lacked audio capability. Because of this, and combined with the advent of VHS video recorders, Polavision had a short history.

Question: When was the Polaroid camera developed?
Amplifier

Video amplifiers are designed to process video signals and have varying bandwidths depending on whether the video signal is for SDTV, EDTV, HDTV 720p or 1080i/p etc.. The specification of the bandwidth itself depends on what kind of filter is used—and at which point (−1 dB or −3 dB for example) the bandwidth is measured. Certain requirements for step response and overshoot are necessary for an acceptable TV image.[27]

Question: When was the first power amplifier created?

Microwave oven

However, lower-frequency dielectric heating, as described in the aforementioned patent, is (like induction heating) an electromagnetic heating effect, the result of the so-called near-field effects that exist in an electromagnetic cavity that is small compared with the wavelength of the electromagnetic field. This patent proposed radio frequency heating, at 10 to 20 megahertz (wavelength 15 to 30 meters).[5] Heating from microwaves that have a wavelength that is small relative to the cavity (as in a modern microwave oven) is due to "far-field" effects that are due to classical electromagnetic radiation that describes freely propagating light and microwaves suitably far from their source. Nevertheless, the primary heating effect of all types of electromagnetic fields at both radio and microwave frequencies occurs via the dielectric heating effect, as polarized molecules are affected by a rapidly alternating electric field.

Question: Who invented the microwave oven?

Hustle (TV series)

With Hustle greenlit for filming, the production team began searching for actors to play both the main characters and the marks for each episode. The process was initially quite difficult; Crawford described his "immediate thought [as] 'this is so good, how the hell are we going to get a cast to live up to these characters?' ... Tony had created incredibly strong characters, each with their own particular style and panache, but they also had to form a believable, if unusual, 'family' unit".[12] Robert Vaughn, the Academy Award-nominated star of The Man from U.N.C.L.E., was soon suggested as a natural choice to play Albert Stroller, the elderly 'roper' responsible for ensnaring potential marks.[12] After meeting Vaughn over lunch, Crawford "[recognised] straight away that he could bring a whole new dimension to the part of Albert".[12] Vaughn was immediately offered the role, and asked to begin filming the following day.[13]

Question: What station did Hustle air on?

St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin

Of the 13 original prebends, several were later reallocated, new ones created to replace them, and later, yet further prebends were designated. For many years, the chapter comprised the four dignities, the archdeacons of Dublin and Glendalough and 24 prebendaries, but the archdeacons ceased to be members based on those offices in the late 19th century.

Question: What is the largest cathedral in Ireland?

Osmosis

When a plant cell is placed in a solution that is hypotonic relative to the cytoplasm, water moves into the cell and the cell swells to become turgid.

Question: How is osmosis achieved?