copenlu/tydiqa_copenlu huggingface dataset:
Septic tank

Roots from trees and shrubbery protruding above the tank or drainfield may clog and/or rupture them. Trees that are directly within the vicinity of a concrete septic tank have the potential to penetrate the tank as the system ages and the concrete begins to develop cracks and small leaks. Tree roots can cause serious flow problems due to plugging and blockage of drain pipes, added to which the trees themselves tend to expand extremely vigorously due to the ready supply of nutrients from the septic system.
Playgrounds and storage buildings may cause damage to a tank and the drainage field. In addition, covering the drainage field with an impermeable surface, such as a driveway or parking area, will seriously affect its efficiency and possibly damage the tank and absorption system.
Excessive water entering the system may overload it and cause it to fail.
Very high rainfall, rapid snowmelt, and flooding from rivers or the sea can all prevent a drain field from operating, and can cause flow to back up, interfering with the normal operation of the tank. High winter water tables can also result in groundwater flowing back into the septic tank.
Over time, biofilms develop on the pipes of the drainage field, which can lead to blockage. Such a failure can be referred to as "biomat failure".

Question: Where are septic tanks normally built?

Hohenzollern Castle

Among the historical artifacts of Prussian history contained in the castle are the Crown of Wilhelm II, some of the personal effects of King Frederick the Great, and a letter from US President George Washington thanking Hohenzollern descendant Baron von Steuben for his service in the American Revolutionary War.[2]

Question: Where is Hohenzollern Castle?

Gona Barracks

The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.

Question: When was Gona Barracks built?

2018 Rugby World Cup Sevens

Sports in the San Francisco Bay Area
Rugby union in the United States

Question: What was the world champion rugby team in 2018?
List of lakes by area

Note: Lake areas may slightly vary depending on the sources.

Question: What is the surface area of the Caspian Sea?

Tic

Tics may increase as a result of stress, fatigue, boredom, or high-energy emotions, which can include negative emotions, such as anxiety, as well as positive emotions, such as excitement or anticipation. Relaxation may result in a tic increase (for instance, watching television or using a computer), while concentration on an absorbing activity often leads to a decrease in tics.[9][10]  Neurologist and writer Oliver Sacks described a physician with severe Tourette syndrome (Canadian Mort Doran, M.D., a pilot and surgeon in real life, although a pseudonym was used in the book), whose tics remitted almost completely while he was performing surgery.[11][12]

Question: What is a motor tic?

History of Sardinia

Nevertheless, since 1973 the international oil crisis caused the firing of thousands of workers employed in the petrochemical industry. Especially because of the failed industrialization plans, Sardinia is actually the most polluted region in Italy, with over 445,000 hectares of contaminated soil still to be remediated.[58][59]

Question: When did Sardinia become part of Italy?

DreamHack Open Cluj-Napoca 2015

Casters: Anders Blume & Semmler

Question: Where was the DreamHack Open Cluj-Napoca 2015 held?

Peace Corps

Only in 1959, however, did the idea receive serious attention in Washington when Congressman Henry S. Reuss of Wisconsin proposed a "Point Four Youth Corps". In 1960, he and Senator Richard L. Neuberger of Oregon introduced identical measures calling for a nongovernmental study of the idea's "advisability and practicability". Both the House Foreign Affairs Committee and the Senate Foreign Relations Committee endorsed the study, the latter writing the Reuss proposal into the pending Mutual Security legislation. In this form it became law in June 1960. In August the Mutual Security Appropriations Act was enacted, making available US$10,000 for the study, and in November ICA contracted with Maurice Albertson, Andrew E. Rice, and Pauline E. Birky of Colorado State University Research Foundation[8] for the study.[9][10]

Question: When was the Peace Corps founded?
Minority languages of Kosovo

The Assembly of Kosovo adopted the Law on the Use of Languages in 2006, which committed Kosovo's institutions to ensuring the equal use of Albanian and
Serbian as the official languages in Kosovo.[2] Other languages can also gain recognition at municipal level as official languages if the linguistic community represents at least 5% of the total population within the municipality.[2] Additionally, the Law on the Use of Languages gives Turkish the status of an official language in the municipality of Prizren, irrespective of the size of the Turkish community living there.[2] Although both Albanian and Serbian are official languages, municipal civil servants are only required to speak one of them in a professional setting and, according to Language Commissioner of Kosovo Slaviša Mladenović statement from 2015, no organizations have all of their documents in both languages.[3]

Question: What is the dominate language in Pristina?

History of anthropology

Many scholars consider modern anthropology as an outgrowth of the Age of Enlightenment (1715–89),[33] a period when Europeans attempted to study human behavior systematically, the known varieties of which had been increasing since the fifteenth century as a result of the first European colonization wave. The traditions of jurisprudence, history, philology, and sociology then evolved into something more closely resembling the modern views of these disciplines and informed the development of the social sciences, of which anthropology was a part.

Question: When was the term anthropology first used?

Tylenol (brand)

On May 5, 2010, the FDA confirmed[16] that the bacterium found at the Johnson & Johnson plant that made the recalled Children's Tylenol was Burkholderia cepacia, a bacterium often resistant to common antibiotics.[17] The bacteria were found on the outside of certain product-containing drums, but not in the finished product. The CDC has stated that Burkholderia cepacia is not likely to cause health problems for those with healthy immune systems, but those with weaker ones and those with chronic lung diseases, such as cystic fibrosis, could be more susceptible to infection.

Question: When was Tylenol introduced?

Emmanouel Pappas

Pappas was born in Dovista (Δοβίστα), Serres regional unit, a village which is now named after him (Emmanouil Papas). Son of a priest, Pappas excelled in commerce and banking, not only in Macedonia, but also in Europe, establishing trading posts in Istanbul, Vienna and Budapest, despite the limited education he received.

Question: What is Emmanouil Pappas known for?

Angel Oak

The Angel Oak features prominently in the book The Heart of A Child by Emily Nelson.[14]

Question: Who old is the Angel Oak in South Carolina?
Role of the United States in the Vietnam War

On March 18, 1970, Sihanouk, who was out of the country on a state visit, was deposed by a vote of the National Assembly and replaced by General Lon Nol. Cambodia's ports were immediately closed to North Vietnamese military supplies, and the government demanded that PAVN/NLF forces be removed from the border areas within 72 hours. On March 29, 1970, the Vietnamese had taken matters into their own hands and launched an offensive against the Cambodian army. A force of North Vietnamese quickly overran large parts of eastern Cambodia reaching to within 15 miles (24km) of Phnom Penh allowing their allies, the Chinese-supported Khmer Rouge to extend their power. Nixon ordered a military incursion into Cambodia by U.S. and ARVN troops in order to both destroy PAVN/NLF sanctuaries bordering South Vietnam and to buy time for the U.S. withdrawal. During the Cambodian Campaign, U.S. and ARVN forces discovered and removed or destroyed a huge logistical and intelligence haul in Cambodia.

Question: When did the United States officially pull out of Vietnam?

John Travolta filmography

List of oldest and youngest Academy Award winners and nominees – Youngest Nominees for Best Actor

Question: What was the first movie John Travolta starred in?

Carbohydrate

Catabolism is the metabolic reaction which cells undergo to break down larger molecules, extracting energy. There are two major metabolic pathways of monosaccharide catabolism: glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.

Question: What is the most common carbohydrate?

Epic of Gilgamesh

Matthias Henze suggests that Nebuchadnezzar's madness in the biblical Book of Daniel draws on the Epic of Gilgamesh. He claims that the author uses elements from the description of Enkidu to paint a sarcastic and mocking portrait of the king of Babylon.[31]

Question: When was the Epic of Gilgamesh discovered?

Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling

In 2016, two tragedies had befallen FMW. On February 17, 2016, Ray announced that she had inoperable stage three brain cancer after being diagnosed with a tumor in December 2015 and undergoing a biopsy on January 21, 2016. She succumbed to the disease in 2018. Over two weeks later on March 3, 2016, Hayabusa died at his home from a brain aneurysm, at the age of 47.

Question: When was Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling established?

St James' Anglican Church, Morpeth

The sandstone pulpit, a replica of the 13th century example in Beaulieu Abbey, Hampshire, is delicately carved. As a most unusual example of Blacket's work in its having, at Bishop Tyrrell's insistence, been executed from Blacket's copy of English measured drawings; in its being corbelled out of the nave wall; and in its being entered direct from the vestry, it is of state heritage significance. The finely-carved stone baptismal font, installed in 1864, designed by architect Edmund Blacket, is a fine example both of his work and of its type. The East Window (a memorial to E.C. Close), designed by Bishop Tyrrell himself and a fine example of its type, is also of state significance.[1]

Question: When did St. James' Anglican Church in Morpeth become a heritage-listed site?
Self-enhancement

The presence of the motive to self-enhance is dependent on many social situations, and the relationships shared with the people in them. Many different materialisations of self-enhancement can occur depending on such social contexts:

Question: What are some ways to keep yourself motivated?

Demographics of Israel

Structure of the population (01.07.2012) (Estimates):

Question: How many people live in Israel?

Albert Ludwig Sigesmund Neisser

Albert Ludwig Sigesmund Neisser (22 January 1855, Schweidnitz – 30 July 1916, Breslau) was a German physician who discovered the causative agent (pathogen) of gonorrhea, a strain of bacteria that was named in his honour (Neisseria gonorrhoeae).

Question: Where was Albert Neisser born?

Languages of the European Union

Irish is the only official language of the Union that is not the most widely spoken language in any member state. According to the 2006 Irish census figures, there are 1.66million people in Ireland with some ability to speak Irish, out of a population of 4.6million, though only 538,500 use Irish on a daily basis (counting those who use it mainly in the education system) and just over 72,000 use Irish as a daily language outside the education system.[33]

Question: What is the most used language in Europe?

Gary Johnson 2016 presidential campaign

The 2016 presidential campaign of Gary Johnson, the 29th Governor of New Mexico, was announced on January 6, 2016, for the nomination of the Libertarian Party for President of the United States. He officially won the nomination on May 29, 2016, at the Libertarian National Convention in Orlando, Florida, receiving 56% of the vote on the second ballot. Former Massachusetts Governor William Weld was endorsed by Johnson for the Libertarian vice-presidential nomination, which he also received on May 29, 2016.

Question: How many votes did Gary Johnson win in the 2012 presidential election?

Roman Republic

Caesar was now the primary figure of the Roman state, enforcing and entrenching his powers. His enemies feared that he had ambitions to become an autocratic ruler. Arguing that the Roman Republic was in danger, a group of senators hatched a conspiracy and assassinated Caesar at a meeting of the Senate in March 44.[168]

Question: When was the Roman Republic formed?
Heart of Darkness

There have been many proposed sources for the character of the antagonist, Kurtz. Georges-Antoine Klein, an agent who became ill and later died aboard Conrad's steamer, by scholars and literary critics as a basis for Kurtz. The principal figures involved in the disastrous "rear column" of the Emin Pasha Relief Expedition have also been identified as likely sources, including column leader Edmund Musgrave Barttelot, slave trader Tippu Tip and the expedition leader, Welsh explorer Henry Morton Stanley.[9][10] Conrad's biographer Norman Sherry judged that Arthur Hodister (1847–1892), a Belgian solitary but successful trader, who spoke three Congolese languages and was venerated by the Congolese villagers among whom he worked to the point of deification, served as the main model, while later scholars have refuted this hypothesis.[11][12][13] Adam Hochschild, in King Leopold's Ghost, believes that the Belgian soldier Léon Rom influenced the character.[14] Peter Firchow mentions the possibility that Kurtz is a composite, modelled on various figures present in the Congo Free State at the time as well as on Conrad's imagining of what they might have had in common.[15]

Question: When was Heart of Darkness published?

WWE Championship

Over the course of the first brand extension, the WWE Championship was used as the world title of the SmackDown brand twice and the Raw brand three times. In all but two cases, the WWE Championship switched brands as a result of the annual draft. In June 2006, the WWE established ECW as a third brand, on which former Extreme Championship Wrestling stars and newer talent competed. When ECW's Rob Van Dam won the WWE Championship at ECW One Night Stand on June 11, 2006, the championship briefly became a world title of the ECW brand; the ECW World Heavyweight Championship was subsequently reactivated for the ECW brand upon Van Dam's title win. Van Dam held both titles until he lost the WWE Championship to Raw's Edge the following month. The ECW brand was disbanded in 2010, subsequently deactivating the ECW Championship. The first brand extension ended in August 2011.

Question: Who was the youngest WWE Champion?

2015 6 Hours of Silverstone


World Endurance Drivers' Championship standings[67]


World Endurance Manufacturers' Championship standings[67]



Question: How many cars participated in the 2015 6 Hours of Silverstone race?

History of time in the United States

Daylight saving time was repealed in 1919, but standard time in time zones remained in law, with the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) having the authority over time zone boundaries. Daylight time became a local matter. It was re-established nationally early in World War II, and was continuously observed until the end of the war.

Question: When were the North American time zones established?
ESL Pro League

In early November 2014, the German-based Electronic Sports League announced the creation of the ESL Pro League as the European ESL league. On April 28th, 2015, ESL announced a joint venture with the North American-based E-Sports Entertainment Association League to provide a Counter-Strike: Global Offensive league with 500,000 USD in total prize money in the first season between two continents. Since then, it has expanded to fourteen teams per region and raised its prize pool to 1,000,000 USD and has two season per year.[2] ESL rose the prize pool once more by making the teams fight for $1,000,000 in the Finals, raising the season prize pool by $250,000. In addition, the number of teams in the finals rose to sixteen, with more teams from regions other than North American and Europe participating in the Finals.[3][4][5]

Question: When was the first Counter-Strike: Global Offensive Major Championship?

King Zhaoxiang of Qin

Yiqu (義渠), also known as "the Rong of Yiqu" (義渠之戎), was a semi-pastoral, semi-agricultural people residing in the region from north of Jing River to western Hetao.  They were historically an offshoot of the nomadic Qiang people living on the grasslands around Long Mountains during the Shang Dynasty, and were frequently at war with the surrounding nomadic tribes like Guifang (鬼方) and Xunyu (獯鬻), as well as the agricultural Huaxia settlements like Bin (豳, the precursor to Zhou).  During the times of King Geng Ding in late Shang Dynasty (around 12th century BC), faced with a large Northern Di invasion, the aged Duke of Bin Gugong Danfu led his clan south and relocated to Qishan, and the Bin exodus resulted in the area being occupied by Di nomads hostile and stronger than Yiqu, who temporarily submitting to Xianyun (獫狁).  During the reign of Wu Yi of Shang, Duke Jili of the now renamed state of Zhou attacked and evicted the Di presence from lands north of Bin with the support from the Shang court, and made Yiqu subject to Zhou instead.  During the reign of Duke Wen of Zhou, Chancellor Jiang Ziya sent ambassador Nangong Kuo to negotiate an alliance with Yiqu, who assisted Zhou in evicting their rival Guifang, while occupied the fertile Longdong region for themselves.  This allowed the Yiqu population to prosper, and after learning agricultural techniques and city building from the Zhou people, became significantly influenced by Zhou culture. Yiqu hence transformed into a distinctly different branch from other Xirong tribes, though still retaining the tradition of levirate marriage.

Question: What dynasty was King Zhaoxiang of Qin?

Really Achieving Your Childhood Dreams

Pausch was named "Person of the Week" on ABC's World News with Charles Gibson on September 21.[60] His "Last Lecture" attracted wide attention from the international media,[61] became an Internet hit, and was viewed over a million times in the first month after its delivery.[9] On October 22, 2007, Pausch appeared on The Oprah Winfrey Show, where he discussed his situation and recapped his "Last Lecture" for millions of TV viewers.[4]

Question: How many people attended the Really Achieving Your Childhood Dreams lecture given by Randy Pausch?
Randy Pausch

The Disney-owned publisher Hyperion paid $6.7million for the rights to publish a book about Pausch called The Last Lecture, co-authored by Pausch and Wall Street Journal reporter Jeffrey Zaslow.[25] The book became a New York Times best-seller on April 28, 2008.[26] The Last Lecture expands on Pausch's speech. The book's first printing had 400,000 copies, and it has been translated into 46 languages. It has spent more than 85 weeks on the New York Times bestseller list, and there are now more than 4.5 million copies in print in the U.S. alone. Despite speculation that the book would be made into a movie, Pausch had denied these rumors, stating that "there's a reason to do the book, but if it's telling the story of the lecture in the medium of film, we already have that."[27]

Question: When did Randy Pausch join the faculty of Carnegie Mellon?

Hatfield–McCoy feud

Tourists travel to parts of West Virginia and Kentucky each year to see the areas and historic relics which remain from the days of the feud. In 1999, a large project known as the "Hatfield and McCoy Historic Site Restoration" was completed, funded by a federal grant from the Small Business Administration. Many improvements to various feud sites were completed. A committee of local historians spent months researching reams of information to find out about the factual history of the events surrounding the feud. This research was compiled in an audio compact disc, the Hatfield–McCoy Feud Driving Tour, which is only available at the Pike County Tourism CVB Visitors Center in Pikeville, Kentucky. The CD is a self-guided driving tour of the restored feud sites and includes maps and pictures as well as the audio CD. The driving tour leads visitors to feud related points of interest including the gravesites of the feudists, the "Hog Trial Cabin", also known and Valentine Hatfield's cabin, Randolph McCoy's homeplace and well in Hardy, Kentucky, Aunt Betty's House and many more sites, some complete with historical markers. [24]

Question: How many people died in the feud?

Poverty threshold

India's official poverty level, on the other hand, is split according to rural versus urban thresholds. For urban dwellers, the poverty line is defined as living on less than 538.60 rupees (approximately US$12) per month, whereas for rural dwellers, it is defined as living on less than 356.35 rupees per month (approximately US$7.50).[41]

Question: What's the poverty line in America?
West Memphis Three

Police officers James Sudbury and Steve Jones felt that the crime had "cult" overtones, and that Damien Echols might be a suspect because he had an interest in occultism, and Jones felt Echols was capable of murdering children.[10] The police interviewed Echols on May 7, two days after the bodies were discovered.[10] During a polygraph examination, he denied any involvement. The polygraph examiner claimed that Echols' chart indicated deception.[9] On May 9, during a formal interview by Detective Bryn Ridge, Echols mentioned that one of the victims had wounds to the genitals; law enforcement viewed this knowledge as incriminating.[10]

Question: How old were the West Memphis Three when they were convicted in 1994?

Punjabi language

Grierson, George A. 1904–1928. . Calcutta.
Masica, Colin. 1991. The Indo-Aryan languages. Cambridge Univ. Press.

Question: What language was spoken in Punjab?

Exponentiation






b

0


=
1.


{\displaystyle b^{0}=1.}



Question: What is exponentiation?

Basal-cell carcinoma

A weakness with standard surgical excision is the high recurrence rate of basal-cell cancers of the face, especially around the eyelids,[33] nose, and facial structures.[35] There is no clear approach for treating basal-cell carcinoma around the eye.[36] A diagram on page 38 of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network publication demonstrate the area of high risk of recurrence as being most of the face with the exception of the central cheek and upper forehead.[26] On the face, or on recurrent basal-cell cancer after previous surgery, special surgical margin controlled processing (CCPDMA—complete circumferential peripheral and deep margin assessment[26])[37] using frozen section histology (Mohs surgery is one of the methods) is required.[38][39]

Question: What percentage of people will get basal-cell carcinoma?

Thresher shark

Alopias pelagicus H. Nakamura, 1935 (pelagic thresher)
Alopias superciliosus R. T. Lowe, 1841 (bigeye thresher)
Alopias vulpinus Bonnaterre, 1788 (common thresher)
Alopias grandis (extinct)

Question: How big can a thresher get?