copenlu/tydiqa_copenlu huggingface dataset:
Encyclopædia Britannica First Edition

With regard to errors in general, whether falling under the denomination of mental, typographical or accidental, we are conscious of being able to point out a greater number than any critic whatever. Men who are acquainted with the innumerable difficulties of attending the execution of a work of such an extensive nature will make proper allowances. To these we appeal, and shall rest satisfied with the judgment they pronounce.

Question: When was the first publication of the Encyclopedia Britannica?

Steamship

 Media related to Steamships at Wikimedia Commons
 - University of Washington Library

Question: What was the steamship used for?

Normandy landings

Operation Overlord was the name assigned to the establishment of a large-scale lodgement on the Continent. The first phase, the amphibious invasion and establishment of a secure foothold, was codenamed Operation Neptune.[21] To gain the air superiority needed to ensure a successful invasion, the Allies undertook a bombing campaign (codenamed Operation Pointblank) that targeted German aircraft production, fuel supplies, and airfields.[21] Elaborate deceptions, codenamed Operation Bodyguard, were undertaken in the months leading up to the invasion to prevent the Germans from learning the timing and location of the invasion.[28]

Question: Where did they land on D Day?

Activity theory (aging)

Though in recent years the acceptance activity theory has diminished, it is still used as a standard to compare observed activity and life satisfaction patterns.[2]

Question: When was activity theory created?

Fat Man

The first plutonium core was transported with its polonium-beryllium modulated neutron initiator in the custody of Project Alberta courier Raemer Schreiber in a magnesium field carrying case designed for the purpose by Philip Morrison. Magnesium was chosen because it does not act as a tamper.[30] It left Kirtland Army Air Field on a C-54 transport aircraft of the 509th Composite Group's 320th Troop Carrier Squadron on 26 July and arrived at North Field on Tinian on 28 July. Three Fat Man high-explosive pre-assemblies (designated F31, F32, and F33) were picked up at Kirtland on 28 July by three B-29s: Luke the Spook and Laggin' Dragon from the 509th Composite Group's 393d Bombardment Squadron, and another from the 216th AAF Base Unit. The cores were transported to North Field, arriving on 2 August, when F31 was partly disassembled in order to check all its components. F33 was expended near Tinian during a final rehearsal on 8 August, and F31 was the bomb dropped on Nagasaki. F32 presumably would have been used for a third attack or its rehearsal.[37]

Question: What was the name of the bomb dropped on Nagasaki?

History of timekeeping devices

Clement also introduced the pendulum suspension spring in 1671. The concentric minute hand was added to the clock by Daniel Quare, a London clock-maker, and the Second Hand was introduced.

Question: What was the first instrument used to measure time?
Angkor Wat

The stones, as smooth as polished marble, were laid without mortar with very tight joints that are sometimes hard to find. The blocks were held together by mortise and tenon joints in some cases, while in others they used dovetails and gravity. The blocks were presumably put in place by a combination of elephants, coir ropes, pulleys and bamboo scaffolding. Henri Mouhot noted that most of the blocks had holes 2.5cm (0.98in) in diameter and 3cm (1.2in) deep, with more holes on the larger blocks. Some scholars have suggested that these were used to join them together with iron rods, but others claim they were used to hold temporary pegs to help manoeuvre them into place.

Question: When did construction of Angkor Wat begin?

Dragoon

Founded as the Dragones de la Reina (Queen's Dragoons) in 1758 and later renamed the Dragoons of Chile in 1812, and then becoming the Carabineros de Chile in 1903. The Carabineros are the national police of Chile. The military counterpart, that of the 15th Reinforced Regiment "Dragoons" is now as of 2010 the 4th Armored Brigade "Chorrillos" based in Punta Arenas as the 6th Armored Cavalry Squadron "Dragoons", and form part of the 5th Army Division.

Question: What does Dragoon mean?

Influenza vaccine

The influenza vaccination strategy is generally that of protecting vulnerable people, rather than limiting influenza circulation or totally eliminating human influenza sickness. This is in contrast with the high herd immunity strategies for other infectious diseases such as polio and measles.[85] This is also due in part to the financial and logistics burden associated with the need of an annual injection.[86]

Question: When was the flu vaccine introduced?

PAH world hypothesis

According to the hypothesis, once the nucleobases are attached (via hydrogen bonds) to the PAH scaffolding, the inter-base distance would select for "linker" molecules of a specific size, such as small formaldehyde (methanal) oligomers, also taken from the prebiotic "soup", which will bind (via covalent bonds) to the nucleobases as well as each other to add a flexible structural backbone.[5][8]

Question: When was the theory of RNA announced?

Leave It to Beaver

Dell Comics published six Leave It to Beaver comic books with photo covers of Beaver, Beaver and Wally, or Beaver and Ward. The first comic book (Four Color No. 912) is dated June 1958 and the last (Four Color No. 01-428-207) May–July 1962. In 2004, all six Dell Leave It to Beaver comic books in 'Near Mint' condition were valued in excess of two hundred dollars each.[68]

Question: How many seasons did Leave It to Beaver have?

List of foods by protein content

 - all data unless specified was computed from their database.


Question: Which milk has the highest protein content?

Restful Objects

Restful Objects also defines a standard set of resources for accessing or manipulating these representations. The specification defines which HTTP methods may be used with each resource, and their meaning.  The table below shows a partial summary:

Question: What is an object in Ruby?
Bachelor of Mathematics

University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
Noakhali University of Science and Technology, Noakhali, Bangladesh

Question: How long does a mathematics degree take in university?

History of diabetes

In 1980, U.S. biotech company Genentech developed biosynthetic human insulin. The insulin was isolated from genetically altered bacteria (the bacteria contain the human gene for synthesizing synthetic human insulin), which produce large quantities of insulin. The purified insulin is distributed to pharmacies for use by diabetes patients.  Initially, this development was not regarded by the medical profession as a clinically meaningful development.  However, by 1996, the advent of insulin analogues which had vastly improved absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) characteristics which were clinically meaningful based on this early biotechnology development.

Question: Who first identified diabetes?

First Celtiberian War

After Certima, Tiberius Gracchus went to Alce,[11] where the Celtiberian camp the envoys had come from was. For a few days he just harassed the enemy by sending larger and larger contingents of skirmishers against their outposts, hoping to draw the enemy out. When the enemy responded he ordered the native auxiliaries to offer only slight resistance and then retreat hastily to the camp, pretending that they had been overwhelmed. He placed his men behind the gates of the rampant of the camp. When the enemy pursued the retreating units in a disorderly manner and came to close range, the Romans came out from all the gates. Caught by surprise, the enemy was routed and lost 9,000 men and 320 men and 112 horses where captured; 109 Romans fell. Gracchus then marched further into Celtiberia, which he plundered. The tribes submitted. In a few days 103 towns surrendered. He then returned to Alce and begun to besiege the city. The townsfolk resisted the first assaults, but when the siege engines were deployed they withdrew to the citadel and then sent envoys to offer their surrender. Many nobles were taken, including the two sons and the daughter of Thurru, a Celtiberian chief. According to Livy he was by far the most powerful man in Hispania. Thurru asked for safe conduct to visit Tiberius Gracchus. He asked him whether he and his family would be allowed to live. When Gracchus replied affirmatively he asked if he was allowed to serve with the Romans. Gracchus granted this. From then on Thurru followed and helped the Romans in many places.[12]

Question: When was the First Celtiberian War?

One Life to Live

On the day of the final episode, The View hosted a tribute to One Life to Live where several actors were invited including Erika Slezak, Robert S. Woods, Robin Strasser, Hillary B. Smith, Kassie DePaiva, James DePaiva, Andrea Evans, Judith Light and the show's creator Agnes Nixon.

Question: On what channel did One Life to Live first air?
Adaptations of Sherlock Holmes

 for five original Sherlock Holmes short stories, posted in January 2004.
 at MobyGames
 by the Sherlock Holmes Society of London.


, Ronald B. De Waal, [Toronto: Metropolitan Toronto Library, 1994], online  at the University of Minnesota, Sherlock Holmes Collections

Question: What was the first film adaptation of Sherlock Holmes?

American Broadcasting Company

Once Mutual's appeals against the FCC were rejected, RCA decided to sell NBC Blue in 1941, and gave the mandate to do so to Mark Woods.[5] RCA converted the NBC Blue Network into an independent subsidiary, formally divorcing the operations of NBC Red and NBC Blue on January 8, 1942,[4][6] with the Blue Network being referred to on-air as either "Blue" or "Blue Network".[7] The newly separated NBC Red and NBC Blue divided their respective corporate assets. Between 1942 and 1943, Woods offered to sell the entire NBC Blue Network,[8][9] a package that included leases on landlines, three pending television licenses (WJZ-TV in New York City, KGO-TV in San Francisco and WENR-TV in Chicago), 60 affiliates, four operations facilities (in New York City, Chicago, Los Angeles and Washington D.C.), contracts with actors, and the brand associated with the Blue Network. Investment firm Dillon, Read & Co. offered $7.5 million to purchase the network, but the offer was rejected by Woods and RCA president David Sarnoff.[8]

Question: When was ABC formed?

Ethnography

Ethnography's advantages are:

Question: What is ethnography used for?

George Strait

Strait holds the record for most number one albums and singles, gold albums, platinum albums, and multi-platinum in the history of country music, and is eleventh in the most number one albums in all other genres. Strait is third only to Elvis Presley and The Beatles with the most gold and platinum albums in the history of music.[56] Strait has been certified as the twelfth best selling artist in American history, with career record sales of 70 million.[57]

Question: When was George Strait born?

Julio Licinio

During the period 1993–2001, Licinio was a Temporary Advisor to the World Health Organization (WHO), having co-chaired ten WHO scientific meetings in seven countries, and co-edited the resulting ten books containing the proceedings of those meetings, mostly focused on the role of dysthymia in neurological disorders.[18][19][20][21][22][23][24]

Question: Where did Julio Licinio go to school?

Demographics of Djibouti

This article is about the demographics of Djibouti, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Question: How man people live in Djibouti?
History of the World Wide Web

In September 1994, Berners-Lee founded the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with support from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and the European Commission. It comprised various companies that were willing to create standards and recommendations to improve the quality of the Web. Berners-Lee made the Web available freely, with no patent and no royalties due. The W3C decided that its standards must be based on royalty-free technology, so they can be easily adopted by anyone.

Question: When did the WWW become publicly available?

Game of Thrones (season 1)

After the pilot was shot and the series picked up, it was announced that the role of Catelyn had been recast, with Michelle Fairley replacing Ehle.[51]  Later, it was also confirmed that Emilia Clarke would replace Tamzin Merchant as Daenerys.[52][53] The rest of the cast was filled out in the second half of the year, and included Charles Dance as Tywin Lannister, Aidan Gillen as Petyr 'Littlefinger' Baelish, and Conleth Hill as Varys.[11]

Question: When did the first season of the Game of Thrones TV series air?

Yates Stirling Jr.

Stirling's first published fiction, a short story titled, The Battle off the Hook, appeared in the August 31, 1897 edition of Harper's Roundtable.[31] A contemporary review described it as, "[a] vivid account by Ensign Yates Stirling Jr. U.S.N. of a great sea fight off Sandy Hook, in which the United States fleet engages that of a first rate power. The date is tantalizingly vague, the identity of the enemy only hinted, but the issue of the battle is what every patriotic American boy will anticipate."[32]

Question: When did Yates Stirling Jr. join the Navy?

Xenoestrogen

Dr. Massart and colleagues from the University of Pisa studied the increased prevalence of precocious puberty in a region of northwest Tuscany. This region of Italy is represented by a high density of navy yards and greenhouses where exposures to pesticides and mycoestrogens (estrogens produced by fungi) are common.   Although unable to identify a definitive cause of the high rates of precocious puberty, the authors concluded environmental pesticides and herbicides may be implicated.[57]

Question: What can we do with xenoestrogens?
Hypatia

Kingsley's novel was tremendously popular;[214][215] it was translated into several European languages[215][216] and remained continuously in print for the rest of the century.[216] It promoted the romantic vision of Hypatia as "the last of the Hellenes"[215] and was quickly adapted into a broad variety of stage productions,[216] the first of which was a play written by Elizabeth Bowers, performed in Philadelphia in 1859, starring the writer herself in the titular role.[216] On 2 January 1893, a much higher-profile stage play adaptation Hypatia, written by G. Stuart Ogilvie and produced by Herbert Beerbohm Tree,[217][218] opened at the Haymarket Theatre in London.[217][218] The title role was initially played by Julia Neilson, and it featured an elaborate musical score written by the composer Hubert Parry.[217][218] The novel also spawned works of visual art,[204] including an 1867 portrait of Hypatia as a young woman by the early photographer Julia Margaret Cameron[204][219] and an 1885 painting by Charles William Mitchell showing a nude Hypatia standing before an altar in a church.[204]

Question: Who is the earliest known female mathematician?

Broca's area

Neurocognitive studies have already implicated frontal areas adjacent to Broca's area as important for working memory in non-linguistic as well as linguistic tasks.[38] Cabeza and Nyberg's analysis of imaging studies of working memory supports the view that BA45/47 is recruited for selecting or comparing information, while BA9/46 might be more involved in the manipulation of information in working memory. Since large lesions are typically required to produce a Broca's aphasia, it is likely that these regions may also become compromised in some patients and may contribute to their comprehension deficits for complex morphosyntactic structures.

Question: What area of the cortex controls speech?

On the Origin of Species

In Chapter II, Darwin specifies that the distinction between species and varieties is arbitrary, with experts disagreeing and changing their decisions when new forms were found. He concludes that "a well-marked variety may be justly called an incipient species" and that "species are only strongly marked and permanent varieties".[116] He argues for the ubiquity of variation in nature.[117] Historians have noted that naturalists had long been aware that the individuals of a species differed from one another, but had generally considered such variations to be limited and unimportant deviations from the archetype of each species, that archetype being a fixed ideal in the mind of God. Darwin and Wallace made variation among individuals of the same species central to understanding the natural world.[113]

Question: Who first published the Origin of Species?

Bloody Friday (1972)

We offer our sincere apologies and condolences to their families.[4]

Question: How many people died during Bloody Friday?

Reformation

Two main tenets of the Peace of Westphalia, which ended the Thirty Years' War, were:

Question: When did the Protestant Reformations start?
Baryonyx

Charig and Milner presented a possible scenario explaining the taphonomy (changes during decay and fossilisation) of the B. walkeri holotype specimen.[3] The fine-grained sediments around the skeleton, and the fact that the bones were found close together (skull and forelimb elements at one end of the excavation area and the pelvis and hind-limb elements at the other), indicates that the environment was quiet at the time of deposition, and water currents did not carry the carcass far—possibly because the water was shallow. The area where the specimen died seems to have been suitable for a piscivorous animal. It may have caught fish and scavenged on the mud plain, becoming mired before it died and was buried. Since the bones are well-preserved and had no gnaw marks, the carcass appears to have been undisturbed by scavengers (suggesting that it was quickly covered by sediment).[3]

Question: Where were the first Baryonyx fossils found?

Chandralekha (TV series)

Vignesh in due course finds that Chandra is Vasundharas daughter, thus decides to marry her as she is rich. In meantime Lekha falls in love with Sabari despite him being poor and attempts to commit suicide when Sabari doesn't accept her love but she survives. Her brain nerves gets weak and doctors advice that she cannot bear any shock or disappointments. Chandra advises Sabari to act as if he loves Lekha to save her life. Lekha gets happy when Sabari accepts her love. Sabari acts as he loves Lekha as per Chandra's instructions. Lekha falls madly in love with Sabari even ends up with huge arguments with Vasundhra who hates Sabari as he is extremely poor and thinks it is a mismatch for her daughter.

Question: How many episodes has Chandralekha aired?

Akbar

Akbar's first wife and chief consort was his cousin, Princess Ruqaiya Sultan Begum,[28][4] the only daughter of his paternal uncle, Prince Hindal Mirza,[173] and his wife Sultanam Begum. In 1551, Hindal Mirza died fighting valorously in a battle against Kamran Mirza's forces. Upon hearing the news of his brother's death, Humayun was overwhelmed with grief.[24] Out of affection to the memory of his brother, Humayun betrothed Hindal's nine-year-old daughter Ruqaiya to his son Akbar. Their betrothal took place in Kabul, shortly after Akbar's first appointment as a viceroy in the province of Ghazni.[25] Humayun conferred on the imperial couple, all the wealth, army, and adherents of Hindal and Ghazni which one of Hindal's jagir was given to his nephew, Akbar, who was appointed as its viceroy and was also given the command of his uncle's army.[26] Akbar's marriage with Ruqaiya was solemnized near Jalandhar, Punjab, when both of them were 14-years-old.[27] Childless herself, she adopted Akbar's favorite grandson, Prince Khurram (the future emperor Shah Jahan). She died on 19 January 1626.[174]

Question: When did Akbar the Great become emperor?
Pokémon Sun and Moon

Pokémon Sun and Moon are role-playing video games with adventure elements, based in the fictional Alola region (loosely based on Hawaii), presented in a third-person, overhead perspective. The player controls a young trainer who goes on a quest to catch and train creatures known as Pokémon, and win battles against other trainers. By defeating enemy Pokémon in turn-based battles, the player's Pokémon gains experience, allowing them to level up and increase their battle statistics, learn new battle techniques, and in some cases, evolve into more powerful Pokémon. Players can capture wild Pokémon, found during random encounters, by weakening them in battle and catching them with Poké Balls, allowing them to be added to their party. Players are also able to battle and trade Pokémon with other human players using the Nintendo 3DS' connectivity features. Like in previous games in the series, certain Pokémon are only obtainable in either Sun or Moon, with players encouraged to trade with others in order to obtain all Pokémon from both versions.

Question: When did Pokemon Sun and Moon come out?

Blight

Blight is a rapid and complete chlorosis, browning, then death of plant tissues such as leaves, branches, twigs, or floral organs.[1]  Accordingly, many diseases that primarily exhibit this symptom are called blights. Several notable examples are:

Question: How do plants get blight?

Molesey

Hampton Court Palace is immediately north-east of East Molesey across Hampton Court Bridge.

Question: When was Molesey founded?

Quark

The quarks that determine the quantum numbers of hadrons are called valence quarks; apart from these, any hadron may contain an indefinite number of virtual "sea" quarks, antiquarks, and gluons, which do not influence its quantum numbers.[10] There are two families of hadrons: baryons, with three valence quarks, and mesons, with a valence quark and an antiquark.[11] The most common baryons are the proton and the neutron, the building blocks of the atomic nucleus.[12] A great number of hadrons are known (see list of baryons and list of mesons), most of them differentiated by their quark content and the properties these constituent quarks confer. The existence of "exotic" hadrons with more valence quarks, such as tetraquarks (qqqq) and pentaquarks (qqqqq), was conjectured from the beginnings of the quark model[13] but not discovered until the early 21st century.[14][15][16][17]

Question: Who discovered the quark?

College soccer

Hermann Trophy
Soccer America Player of the Year
ISAA Player of the Year
ISAA Goalkeeper of the Year
NSCAA Coach of the Year

Question: How long is a typical soccer game?