copenlu/tydiqa_copenlu huggingface dataset:
Languages of Turkey


a<b data-parsoid='{"dsr":[14120,14202,3,3]}'>Expanded Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale (EGIDS) of Ethnologue:

0 (International): "The language is widely used between nations in trade, knowledge exchange, and international policy."

1 (National): "The language is used in education, work, mass media, and government at the national level."

2 (Provincial): "The language is used in education, work, mass media, and government within major administrative subdivisions of a nation."

3 (Wider Communication): "The language is used in work and mass media without official status to transcend language differences across a region."

4 (Educational): "The language is in vigorous use, with standardization and literature being sustained through a widespread system of institutionally supported education."

5 (Developing): "The language is in vigorous use, with literature in a standardized form being used by some though this is not yet widespread or sustainable."

6a (Vigorous): "The language is used for face-to-face communication by all generations and the situation is sustainable."

6b (Threatened): "The language is used for face-to-face communication within all generations, but it is losing users."

7 (Shifting): "The child-bearing generation can use the language among themselves, but it is not being transmitted to children."

8a (Moribund): "The only remaining active users of the language are members of the grandparent generation and older."

8b (Nearly Extinct): "The only remaining users of the language are members of the grandparent generation or older who have little opportunity to use the language."

9 (Dormant): "The language serves as a reminder of heritage identity for an ethnic community, but no one has more than symbolic proficiency."

10 (Extinct): "The language is no longer used and no one retains a sense of ethnic identity associated with the language."


Question: What language is mainly spoken in Turkey?

Bears Ears National Monument

Along Comb Ridge (Navajo: Tséyíkʼáán)[26][27]—a one-mile wide and 80-mile long "dramatic geologic fold"[27] with some of the best-preserved cliff dwellings—Ancestral Puebloans lived in the "alcoves and grew corn"[27] from about AD 900 to 1350. They relied heavily on domesticated corn, beans, and squash and a domesticated breed of turkey (Meleagris gallopavo).[28] In the Pueblo II period, they "construct[ed] reservoirs, checkdams, and farming terraces in an effort to capture and conserve water for agricultural use."[29] By c. 1250 the San Juan home of the Ancient Puebloans was "one of the most populous parts of North America."[30]

Question: When did the Bears Ears national park get signed over?
Republic of China (1912–1949)

During this time a series of massive wars took place in western China, including the Kumul Rebellion, the Sino-Tibetan War and the Soviet Invasion of Xinjiang. Although the central government was nominally in control of the entire country during this period, large areas of China remained under the semi-autonomous rule of local warlords, provincial military leaders or warlord coalitions. Nationalist rule was strongest in the eastern regions around the capital Nanjing, but regional militarists such as Feng Yuxiang and Yan Xishan retained considerable local authority. The Central Plains War in 1930, the Japanese aggression in 1931 and the Red Army's Long March in 1934 led to more power for the central government, but there continued to be foot-dragging and even outright defiance, as in the Fujian Rebellion of 1933–34.

Question: When did China become a republic?

Southend United F.C.

As of 19 January 2019[9]

Question: Who is head coach of the Southend United F.C.?

Murder of Ann Ogilby

Meanwhile, Ogilby's daughter, Sharlene, had returned from the shops; she entered the club, climbed the stairs to the first floor and began banging on the door and crying for her mother. Although by this stage Ogilby had sustained severe head injuries from the brutal assault, Sharlene heard her screaming and pleading with her assailants for mercy while they danced to blaring disco music.[6][13] Ignoring the injured woman's pleas for her life and Sharlene's cries,  Henrietta Cowan, once again wielding a brick, resumed beating Ogilby on the head with renewed vigour until she lay dead on the floor.[3][6][45][47] The beating session had lasted for over an hour.[45] Ogilby received (according to the later autopsy report) a total of 24 blows to the head and body with a blunt object, 14 of which had caused "a severe fracture to the bulk of the skull".[6][13]

Question: How old was Ann Ogilby at the time she died in the "Romper Room murder"?
The Secret of NIMH

Goldman described the casting process as "exciting, fun, and sometimes strange".[5] He stated that focusing on the characteristics of each character, the voices, and acting abilities were crucial, saying that using voices that added to a movie's texture was part of the team's philosophy in the development of a film. Goldman found the strangest casting decision to be Dom DeLuise for Jeremy the Crow, which Goldman, Bluth, and Pomeroy had considered after they watched the 1978 film The End.[5] Elizabeth Hartman was cast as Mrs. Brisby, with Goldman calling her performance in A Patch of Blue "so believable and sincere that we all felt that she was right for the part." Pomeroy suggested Derek Jacobi, who starred in the 1976 miniseries I Claudius, to play the part of Nicodemus.[5] Peter Strauss, whom the team previously saw in another miniseries from 1976, Rich Man, Poor Man, was cast as Justin.[5] Paul Shenar was assigned to play Jenner; the staff liked his "dark, powerful voice".[5] Shakespearean actor John Carradine was "perfect for the dark, ominous Great Owl", while Aldo Ray was assigned to voice Sullivan, whom Goldman said "also had a great distinctive voice".[5]

Question: Who played the voice of Mrs. Brisby in The Secret of NIMH?

Jewish cuisine

The Mizrahi Jewish cuisine has many unique dishes that were eaten by Jews in Iraq, Eastern Turkey, Kurdistan, Iran and Yemen.

Question: What foods are Jews not allowed to eat?

History of Protestantism

After this first stage of the Reformation, following the excommunication of Luther and condemnation of the Reformation by the Pope, the work and writings of John Calvin were influential in establishing a loose consensus among various groups in Switzerland, Scotland, Hungary, Germany and elsewhere.

Question: When did Protestantism form?

Volleyball

A player stands behind the inline and serves the ball, in an attempt to drive it into the opponent's court. The main objective is to make it land inside the court; it is also desirable to set the ball's direction, speed and acceleration so that it becomes difficult for the receiver to handle it properly.[3] A serve is called an "ace" when the ball lands directly onto the court or travels outside the court after being touched by an opponent.

Question: What was volleyball first called?
States and union territories of India

The States Reorganisation Act of 1956 reorganised the states based on linguistic lines resulting in the creation of the new states.[15] As a result of this act, Madras State retained its name with Kanyakumari district added to form Travancore-Cochin. Andhra Pradesh was created with the merger of Andhra State with the Telugu-speaking districts of Hyderabad State in 1956. Kerala was created with the merger of Malabar district and the Kasaragod taluk of South Canara districts of Madras State with Travancore-Cochin. Mysore State was re-organized with the addition of districts of Bellary and South Canara (excluding Kasaragod taluk) and the Kollegal taluk of Coimbatore district from the Madras State, the districts of Belgaum, Bijapur, North Canara and Dharwad from Bombay State, the Kannada-majority districts of Bidar, Raichur and Gulbarga from Hyderabad State and the province of Coorg. The Laccadive Islands which were divided between South Canara and Malabar districts of Madras State were united and organised into the union territory of Lakshadweep.

Question: How many Indian states are there?

Sjögren syndrome

SS was originally proposed as a specific, self-perpetuating immune system-mediated loss of exocrine glands, specifically acinar and ductal cells. Although this explains the more obvious symptoms (e.g., the lack of salivary and lacrimal fluid), it does not explain the more widespread systemic effects seen in the progression of the disease.

Question: When was sjögren syndrome first identified?

Geography of Fiji

More than half of Fiji's population lives on the island coasts, either in Suva or in smaller urban centers. The interior is sparsely populated because of its rough terrain.

Question: Where is Fiji located in the world?

Caving

In 1988, concerned that cave resources were becoming increasingly damaged through unregulated use, Congress enacted the Federal Cave Resources Protection Act, giving land management agencies in the United States expanded authority to manage cave conservation on public land.[16]

Question: What is splunking?

National debt of the United States

 public and intragovernmental
 Congressional Research Service
, Office of Management and Budget




Question: What country holds the most U.S. debt?

Cestoda

All cestodes are parasitic; many have complex life histories, including a stage in a definitive (main) host in which the adults grow and reproduce, often for years, and one or two intermediate stages in which the larvae develop in other hosts. Typically the adults live in the digestive tracts of vertebrates, while the larvae often live in the bodies of other animals, either vertebrates or invertebrates. For example, Diphyllobothrium has at least two intermediate hosts, a crustacean and then one or more freshwater fish; its definitive host is a mammal.  Some cestodes are host-specific, while others are parasites of a wide variety of hosts. Some six thousand species have been described; probably all vertebrates can host at least one species.

Question: What kind of parasite is the tapeworm?
Nerve conduction velocity

Carpal tunnel syndrome presents in each individual to different extents. Measurements of nerve conduction velocity are critical to determining the degree of severity.[14][15]
These levels of severity are categorized as:[12][13]

Question: How fast do neuron signals travel?

French language in Canada

The French language was relegated to second rank as far as trade and state communications were concerned. Out of necessity, the educated class learned the English language and became progressively bilingual, but the great majority of the French-speaking inhabitants continued to speak only French, and their population increased. Anglicization of the French population failed, and it became obvious that coexistence was required. In 1774, Parliament passed the Quebec Act, restoring French civil laws and abrogating the Test Act, which had been used to suppress Catholicism.[9]

Question: What percentage of the Canadian population speaks French?

Demographics of Turkey

Structure of the population (2015):[14][15][16]

Question: What is the population of Turkey?

Katherine Schmidt

Schmidt's work appeared most frequently in group and solo shows held in the early 1920s by the Whitney Studio Club, in the later 1920s by the Daniel Gallery, in the 1930s by the Downtown Gallery and the Whitney Museum of American Art, and in the 1960s and 1970s by the Isaacson and Durlacher Galleries. In addition to these shows, Schmidt's work appeared in group exhibitions at A.W.A. Clubhouse, An American Group, Inc., Art Students League, Associated American Artists, Brooklyn Society of Modern Artists, Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh, Penn., Corcoran Gallery, Washington, D.C., Grand Central Galleries, J. Wanamaker Gallery of Modern Decorative Art, New York World's Fair, 1939, Newark Museum, Newark, N.J., Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Philadelphia, Penn., Pepsi Cola Portrait of America Exhibit, Society of Independent Artists, and Salons of America. She appeared in solo exhibitions at the Museum of Modern Art, Newark Museum, University of Nebraska, and Zabriskie Gallery.[note 26]

Question: What activism did Katherine Schmidt participate in?

Morse code

Because Morse code is usually sent by hand, it is unlikely that an operator could be that precise with the dot length, and the individual characteristics and preferences of the operators usually override the standards.

Question: Who invented Morse Code?

Copper

Cu2+ + 2 OH− → Cu(OH)2

Question: What is the origin of the symbol Cu for Copper?

Centre County, Pennsylvania

Jake Corman, Republican, Pennsylvania's 34th Senatorial District

Question: How many people live in Centre County?

Oil shale

Oil shale differs from bitumen-impregnated rocks (oil sands and petroleum reservoir rocks), humic coals and carbonaceous shale.  While oil sands do originate from the biodegradation of oil, heat and pressure have not (yet) transformed the kerogen in oil shale into petroleum, that means that its maturation does not exceed early mesocatagenetic.[13][14][15]

Question: How is oil shale made?
Gheluvelt Plateau actions, July–August 1917

From 1901 to 1916, records from a weather station at Cap Gris Nez showed that 65 percent of August days were dry and that from 1913 to 1916, there were 26, 23, 23 and 21 rainless days and monthly rainfall of 17,28,22 and 96mm (0.67,1.10,0.87 and 3.78in);

Question: Who fought in the Gheluvelt Plateau actions?

Alfred Binet



Klein, Alexandre (2011) Correspondance d’Alfred Binet, Volume 2– L’émergence de la psychologie scientifique (1884–1911). Nancy: Presses Universitaires de Nancy. 
Klein, Alexandre (2011) "Les apports de la correspondance d’Alfred Binet à l’histoire de la psychologie", Recherches & éducations, Hors-série Centenaire Binet, 53–75. 
Klein, Alexandre Correspondance d'Alfred Binet -Jean Larguier des Bancels, Nancy, PUN, 2008. 
Klein, Alexandre (2009) "La philosophie scientifique d'Alfred Binet", Revue d'Histoire des sciences, 2009/5, 
Klein, Alexandre (2008) "Les écritures du moi en histoire des sciences: les apports de la correspondance d’Alfred Binet", Jahrbuch für Europäische Wissenschaftskultur (Yearbook for European Culture of Science), Bd. 4 (2008), p.101–115.













CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)

Question: When was the first IQ test introduced?

Origin of Hangul

Various fanciful speculations about the creation of Hangul were put to rest by the discovery in 1940 of the 1446 Hunmin jeong-eum haerye "Explanation of the Hunmin Jeong-eum with Examples". This document explains the design of the consonant letters according to articulatory phonetics and the vowel letters according to Confucian principles such as the yin and yang of vowel harmony (see below).

Question: When was Hangul invented?

Two-party system

The traditional two-party dynamic started to break after a while, especially in early 2000s; alternative parties won elections breaking the traditional two-party systems including Rafael Caldera's (National Convergence) victory in Venezuela in 1993, Álvaro Uribe (Colombia First) victory in 2002, Tabaré Vázquez (Broad Front) victory in Uruguay in 2004, Ricardo Martinelli (Democratic Change) victory in 2009 in Panama, Luis Guillermo Solís (Citizens' Action Party ) victory in 2014 in Costa Rica and Mauricio Macri (Republican Proposal) victory in 2015 in Argentina, all of them from non-traditional third parties in their respective countries.[20] In some countries like Chile and Venezuela the political system is now split in two large multy-party alliances or blocs, one on the left and one on the right of the spectrum[19] (Concertación/New Majority vs Alliance in Chile, Democratic Unity Roundtable vs Great Patriotic Pole in Venezuela).

Question: Why are there only two parties in America?
Yuri Andropov

A four-day period of nationwide mourning was announced. Andropov was succeeded by Konstantin Chernenko, who seemed to mirror Andropov's tenure. Chernenko had already been afflicted with severe health problems when he ascended to the USSR's top spot, and served an even shorter time in office (13 months). Like Andropov, Chernenko spent much of his time hospitalized, and also died in office, in March 1985.

Question: When did Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov become General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union?

Preferred provider organization

 (2010)
dead link]

Question: What's a PPO?

Smallpox

The English physician Edward Jenner demonstrated the effectiveness of cowpox to protect humans from smallpox in 1796, after which various attempts were made to eliminate smallpox on a regional scale. In Russia in 1796, the first child to receive this treatment was bestowed the name "Vaccinov" by Catherine the Great, and was educated at the expense of the nation.[75] The introduction of the vaccine to the New World took place in Trinity, Newfoundland in 1800 by Dr. John Clinch, boyhood friend and medical colleague of Jenner.[76] As early as 1803, the Spanish Crown organized the Balmis expedition to transport the vaccine to the Spanish colonies in the Americas and the Philippines, and establish mass vaccination programs there.[77] The U.S. Congress passed the Vaccine Act of 1813 to ensure that safe smallpox vaccine would be available to the American public. By about 1817, a very solid state vaccination program existed in the Dutch East Indies.[78] In British India a program was launched to propagate smallpox vaccination, through Indian vaccinators, under the supervision of European officials.[79] Nevertheless, British vaccination efforts in India, and in Burma in particular, were hampered by stubborn indigenous preference for inoculation and distrust of vaccination, despite tough legislation, improvements in the local efficacy of the vaccine and vaccine preservative, and education efforts.[80] By 1832, the federal government of the United States established a smallpox vaccination program for Native Americans.[81] In 1842, the United Kingdom banned inoculation, later progressing to mandatory vaccination. The British government introduced compulsory smallpox vaccination by an Act of Parliament in 1853.[82] In the United States, from 1843 to 1855 first Massachusetts, and then other states required smallpox vaccination. Although some disliked these measures,[58] coordinated efforts against smallpox went on, and the disease continued to diminish in the wealthy countries. In Northern Europe a number of countries had eliminated smallpox by 1900, and by 1914, the incidence in most industrialized countries had decreased to comparatively low levels. Vaccination continued in industrialized countries, until the mid to late 1970s as protection against reintroduction. Australia and New Zealand are two notable exceptions; neither experienced endemic smallpox and never vaccinated widely, relying instead on protection by distance and strict quarantines.[83]

Question: When was the smallpox vaccine discontinued in the U.S.?
Androphilia and gynephilia

The use of homosexual transsexual and related terms have been applied to transgender people since the middle of the 20th century, though concerns about the terms have been voiced since then. Harry Benjamin said in 1966:

Question: What is the study of sexual attraction in humans called?

Plants vs. Zombies

Plants vs. Zombies has been nominated for the "Casual Game of the Year" and "Outstanding Achievement in Game Design" Interactive Achievement Awards from the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences.[52] The game received nominations in "Best Game Design", "Innovation", and "Best Download Game" for the Game Developers Choice Awards.[53] Plants vs Zombies was picked by Gamezebo as one of the 'Best games of 2009'.[54]

Question: When was the game Plants vs. Zombies released?

Passover Seder

The most famous question which the youngest child asks at the Seder is the "Ma Nishtana"—'Why is this night different from all other nights?' After the asking of this questions, the main portion of the Seder, Magid, discusses the answers in the form of a historical review. Also, at different points in the Seder, the leader of the Seder will cover the matzot and lift their cup of wine; then put down the cup of wine and uncover the matzot—all to elicit questions from the children.[13]

Question: What is a seder?

Bob Fitzsimmons

Fitzsimmons had a final professional record of 66 wins with 59 by knockout, 8 losses, 4 draws, 19 no contests and 2 no decisions (Newspaper Decisions: 2–0–0).

Question: When did Bob Fitzsimmons start professional boxing?

List of the highest major summits of Canada

Five major Canadian summits exceed 5000 metres (16,404 feet), 11 exceed 4500 metres (14,764 feet) elevation, 19 exceed 4000 metres (13,123 feet), 41 exceed 3500 metres (11,483 feet), 67 exceed 3000 metres (9843 feet), and 125 major summits exceed 2500 metres (8202 feet) elevation.

Question: What is the tallest mountain in Canada?

Fall of the Western Roman Empire

Comparative studies of the Roman and Han empires
Decline of the Byzantine Empire (Fall of the Eastern Roman Empire)
Historiography of the fall of the Roman Empire
Last of the Romans
Late Roman army

Question: When did the Roman empire fall?

Campbelltown, New South Wales

The residential area has a combination of public and privately owned housing. Public housing estates are scattered across the region and the neighbouring areas.

Question: Where is Campbelltown located?

Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin

Christ Church is officially claimed as the seat (cathedra) of both the Church of Ireland and Roman Catholic archbishops of Dublin. In law, and in fact, it has been the cathedral of only the Church of Ireland's Archbishop of Dublin since the English Reformation. Though nominally claimed as his cathedral, the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Dublin uses St Mary's in Marlborough Street in Dublin as his pro-cathedral (acting cathedral).[nb 1]

Question: What is the oldest cathedral in Dublin?
Bengali Hindus

The proper Bengali literary history begins with the early Vaishnava literature like the Shreekrishna Kirtana and the Vaishnava padavalis followed by translation literatures like Ramayana and Srikrishna Vijaya. In the medieval period literary works on the life and teachings of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu were composed. This period saw the emergence of Shakta padavalis. The characteristic feature of Bengali Hindu literature in the middle age are the mangalkavyas, that glorify various Hindu gods and goddesses often using folkloristic backgrounds.

Question: What language is spoken by Bengali Hindus?

Prime Minister of Portugal

Portuguese Prime Ministers of the Third Portuguese Republic:

Question: Who is the prime minister of Portugal?

Black garden ant

Ants mate on the wing, so "flying ants" are alates (reproductive individuals), which includes males and gynes (virgin queens). The mating (or nuptial) flights of Lasius niger usually occur around June to September throughout the species' range; in North America flights usually occur during the autumn, whereas in Europe they generally take place during the hot summer months of July and August. Flights can contain thousands of winged males and females.[3]

Question: What is the most common type of ant found in North America?

Olfactory receptor

For example, OR1A1 is the first isoform of subfamily A of olfactory receptor family 1.

Question: How many olfactory sensors do humans have?

Falkland Islands

The Falkland Islands population is homogeneous, mostly descended from Scottish and Welsh immigrants who settled in the territory after 1833.[130]  The Falkland-born population are also descended from English & French people, Gibraltarians, Scandinavians and South Americans. The 2016 census indicated that 43% of residents were born on the archipelago, with foreign-born residents assimilated into local culture. The legal term for the right of residence is "belonging to the islands".
[131][132] In 1983, full British citizenship was given to Falkland Islanders under the British Nationality (Falkland Islands) Act.[130]

Question: What is the capital of the Falkland Islands?