copenlu/tydiqa_copenlu huggingface dataset:
Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle-upon-Tyne

In her epistle dedication to Sir Charles Cavendish, her brother in law, Cavendish compared writing poetry to spinning and described poetry as mental spinning. She noted that while it was commonly thought to be more appropriate for women to spin than to write, she herself was better at writing. This is one of several occasions where Cavendish calls attention to stereotypical gender roles, such as the belief that women should spin and not write, and then expands upon her reasons for not adhering to them. As in this epistle, Cavendish often employed metaphors to describe her writing in terms of stereotypical feminine tasks or interests, such as spinning, fashion, and motherhood. While Cavendish criticized her own work, she asserted that it would seem better if Sir Charles Cavendish looked favorably upon it. Cavendish often appealed to the reader to applaud her work, asserting that if it was well received it would actually be somewhat improved. She concludes by complimenting Charles' charity and generosity.

Question: When was Margaret Lucas Cavendish born?

The Little Mermaid

LGBT historian and writer Rictor Norton and others have described The Little Mermaid as an allegory for Andersen's life,[7][8] based on his love letters to another man.[9] Andersen also sent the original story to his love.[10]

Question: When was The Little Mermaid written?

History of biochemistry

Having shown that enzymes could function outside a living cell, the next step was to determine their biochemical nature. Many early workers noted that enzymatic activity was associated with proteins, but several scientists (such as Nobel laureate Richard Willstätter) argued that proteins were merely carriers for the true enzymes and that proteins per se were incapable of catalysis.  However, in 1926, James B. Sumner showed that the enzyme urease was a pure protein and crystallized it; Sumner did likewise for the enzyme catalase in 1937. The conclusion that pure proteins can be enzymes was definitively proved by Northrop and Stanley, who worked on the digestive enzymes pepsin (1930), trypsin and chymotrypsin. These three scientists were awarded the 1946 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.[22]

Question: When was the term biochemistry first used?

Resident Evil

Resident Evil 3: Nemesis, set both before and after the events of the second game, follows Jill Valentine's escape from Raccoon City while being pursued by another Umbrella bio-weapon, the Nemesis-T Type. The plot concludes with the sterilization of Raccoon City by a nuclear strike.

Question: Why is it called Resident Evil?

Tin whistle

Bob Hallett of the Canadian folk rock group Great Big Sea is also a renowned performer of the tin whistle, playing it in arrangements of both traditional and original material.

Question: How expensive are whistles?
Cybertron

Cybertron's upper layers seem to have a lot of interlocking hexagonal shapes, and several battles near the end of the war took place there. Sentinel Prime used these geographical features to his advantage when he attempted to escape Cybertron aboard the Ark. Later on, Sentinel Prime attempted to teleport Cybertron via the space bridge-forming pillars from his ship, the Ark in order to acquire Earth's resources to re-energize Cybertron. However, Bumblebee destroyed the master pillar and Cybertron collapsed as it was going through, presumably destroying Cybertron forever.

Question: In what fictional work does the planet Cybertron feature?

Ubisoft Quebec

On 4 June 2013, François Pelland was appointed executive director of development.[7][8] In September 2013, Ubisoft announced that they planned to invest CA$373million into Ubisoft Quebec's infrastructure to expand their presence by 500 positions.[9] Ubisoft Quebec predicted to employ 3,500 staff by the end of 2020.[10] This move was strengthened through another 100 postitions being opened with an investment of CA$28million, on 24 January 2014.[11][12] On 2 July 2014, it was announced that Ubisoft Quebec would lead the development of the upcoming Assassin's Creed game (which later became Assassin's Creed Syndicate), of which all titles were previously made at Ubisoft Montreal.[13] The same day, the studio also announced that it, together with its 350 staff and using another CA$4million investment, would move to new offices in the Saint-Roch neighbourhood of Quebec City and open another 100 positions.[14] In 2017, Patrick Klaus was appointed managing director of Ubisoft Quebec. In December 2018, Mike Laidlaw, who formerly served as creative director for BioWare, joined Ubisoft Quebec to assume that same role.[15]

Question: When was Ubisoft Quebec founded?

Michigan International Speedway

In 1972, Roger Penske purchased the speedway for an estimated $2million. During Penske's ownership the track was upgraded several times from the original capacity to 125,000 seating capacity. From 1996 to 2000, the track was referred to as Michigan Speedway. This was to keep consistency with other tracks owned by Roger Penske's Motorsports International before its merger with ISC.[3]

Question: When was the Michigan International Speedway built?
Name of Toronto

In 1786, Lord Dorchester arrived in Quebec City as Governor-in-Chief of British North America. His mission was to solve the problems of the newly landed Loyalists. At first, Dorchester suggested opening the new Canada West as districts under the Quebec government, but the British Government made known its intention to split Canada into Upper and Lower Canada. Dorchester began organizing for the new province of Upper Canada, including a capital. Dorchester's first choice was Kingston, but was aware of the number of Loyalists in the Bay of Quinte and Niagara areas, and chose instead the location north of the Bay of Toronto, midway between the settlements and 30 miles (48km) from the US. Under the policy of the time, the British recognized aboriginal title to the land and Dorchester arranged to purchase the lands from the Mississaugas.[13]

Question: When did York become Toronto?

Sicily

The Sicilian Baroque has a unique architectural identity. Noto, Caltagirone, Catania, Ragusa, Modica, Scicli and particularly Acireale contain some of Italy's best examples of Baroque architecture, carved in the local red sandstone. Noto provides one of the best examples of the Baroque architecture brought to Sicily.
The Baroque style in Sicily was largely confined to buildings erected by the church, and palazzi built as private residences for the Sicilian aristocracy.[134] The earliest examples of this style in Sicily lacked individuality and were typically heavy-handed pastiches of buildings seen by Sicilian visitors to Rome, Florence, and Naples. However, even at this early stage, provincial architects had begun to incorporate certain vernacular features of Sicily's older architecture. By the middle of the 18th century, when Sicily's Baroque architecture was noticeably different from that of the mainland, it typically included at least two or three of the following features, coupled with a unique freedom of design that is more difficult to characterise in words.

Question: When did Sicily join Italy?

South End, Boston

It is home to many diverse groups, including immigrants, young families, and professionals, and it is very popular with the gay and lesbian community of Boston.[3] Since the 1880s the South End has been characterized by its diversity, with substantial Irish, Jewish, African-American, Puerto Rican(in the San Juan Street area), Chinese, and Greek populations. In 2010, the population was 55.2% white, 13.3% Hispanic, 12.5% Black or African American, 16.2% Asian, and 2.7% other; 55.2% of its residents had a bachelor's degree or higher; the median household income was $57,699; the median age was 36; 65.6% were primarily English speakers; and 12.9% were primarily Spanish speakers.[4]

Question: How large is the South End neighborhood of Boston?

Akbar

The coins, left, represent examples of these innovative concepts introduced by Akbar that set the precedent for Mughal coins which was refined and perfected by his son, Jahangir, and later by his grandson, Shah Jahan.

Question: How did Akbar the Great die?
Alavi Bohras


44th and 45th Da'i at the residence on Vadodara called Devdi Mubaarak - 11 Nov 2013
Alavi Bohras are marked as dark blue
Renowned Isma'ili Scholar Dr. Farhad Daftary meets Saiyedna saheb on 26 Oct 2007 at Devdi Mubaarak, Alavi Library, the then Mazoon al-Mutlaq
Late 44th Da'i Saiyedna Taiyeb Ziyauddin saheb in the newly constructed Masjid e Faatemi in Nadiad during its inauguration - 9 Sep 2007
The holy tomb of 31st 'Alavi Da'i Saiyedna Hasan Badruddin saheb at Saraspur, Ahmedabad - 24 Apr 2008
44th 'Alavi Da'i Saiyedna Taiyeb Ziyauddin saheb reciting Du'aa near Shehaabi Masjid, Pratapnagar, Vadodara - 16 Dec 2008
42nd Da'i al-Mutlaq Saiyedna Fidaali Badruddin going for Hajj Pilgrimage on 1-10-1947 from Badri Mohalla, Vadodara
On 29-6-2009, the day when 29th Da'i Saiyedna Ali saheb became Da'i al-Mutlaq before 400 years, Alavi Bohras gathered in large numbers near Saiyedna Ali's tomb in Ahmedabad and 45th Da'i addressing the gathering
43rd Da'i al-Mutlaq Saiyedna Yusuf Nuruddin saheb delivering Moharram lecture in Vadodara - 5 Apr 1968
Procession of 44th Da'i Saiyedna T Ziyauddin saheb during his birthday celebration on 25 Nov 1987
Middle Mehraab of Masjid e Ziyaai having Qur'anic inscriptions constructed by 32nd Da'i Saiyedna Jivabhai Ziyauddin saheb in 1110 AH/1699 AD in Badri Mohalla
Mukaasir Saiyedi Nazarali Bhaisaheb used to teach his pupils besides Masjid e Ziyaai in Badri Mohalla that proved to be the cradle of learning - 1381 AH/1961 AD
An Iconic gate called "Darwaza" of Badri Mohalla which was demolished to give a way for the construction of new mosque - 1389 AH/1969 AD
The place covered with flowers is the flattened grave of 29th 'Alavi Da'i Saiyedna 'Ali saheb - 1435 AH/2014 AD
The outer view of Nooraani Masjid in Badri Mohalla - 1430 AH/2009 AD
At the age of puberty, to become an Alavi Bohra, boys-girls offering oath of loyalty to Saiyedna saheb at his residence - 1430 AH/2009 AD
Saiyedna saheb operating a computer after inaugurating a Computer Class and always of the opinion to learn it at the earliest - 4-2-2018


Question: Where did the Alavi Bohras originate?

Kinshasa

Several private companies serve the city, among them the Urban Transport Company (STUC) and the Public City train (12 cars in 2002). The bus lines are:

Question: How many people live in Kinshasa?

New France

In the sixteenth century, the lands were used primarily to draw from the wealth of natural resources such as furs through trade with the various indigenous peoples. In the seventeenth century, successful settlements began in Acadia, and in Quebec by the efforts of Champlain. By 1765, the population of the new Province of Quebec reached approximately 70,000 settlers.[3][4]

Question: When was New France founded?
Moon Jae-in

Yielding to Roh's insistence, Moon became Roh's campaign manager during his presidential bid.[20] After Roh's victory, Moon became Roh's chief presidential secretary and close aide holding various roles in a presidential administration. Moon held roles as Senior Presidential Secretary for Civil Affairs, Senior Presidential Secretary for Civil Society, Senior Presidential Secretary for Civil Affairs, and Chief Presidential Secretary (equivalent to Chief-of-Staff) from 2003-2008.

Question: Who is the current leader of South Korea?

Bath, Somerset

The district is largely Christian at 56.5%, with no other religion reaching more than 0.7%. These figures generally compare with the national averages, though the non-religious, at 32.7%, are significantly more prevalent than the national 25.67%. 83.9% of residents rated their health as good or very good, higher than the national level (81.40%). Nationally, 18% of people describe themselves as having a long-term illness; in Bath it is 16.10%.[82]

Question: Where is Bath, England?

Ronnie Van Zant

Van Zant married Nadine Inscoe on January 2, 1967. Around this time, Van Zant also worked at his brother-in-law's auto parts store, Morris Auto Parts in Jacksonville. It was said that Van Zant was a virtual catalog of automotive parts, he had a near photographic memory for them. The couple had a daughter named Tammy, before divorcing in 1969; Tammy would become a musician. He married Judy Seymour in 1972 after meeting her at The Comic Book Club through Gary Rossington in 1969.[2] (The club closed in 1975 and is now a parking garage.)[12] They remained married up until his death in 1977. They had one daughter, Melody, born in 1976. Judy Van Zant-Jenness founded the Freebird Live in 1999, a music venue located in Jacksonville Beach, Florida. It features Lynyrd Skynyrd memorabilia and is co-owned by Melody Van Zant. She married Jim Jenness and founded and ran The Freebird Foundation until its dissolution in 2001.

Question: When was Ronnie Van Zant born?

Exploration of Mars

Two Soviet probes were sent to Mars in 1988 as part of the Phobos program. Phobos 1 operated normally until an expected communications session on 2 September 1988 failed to occur. The problem was traced to a software error, which deactivated attitude thrusters causing the spacecrafts' solar arrays to no longer point at the Sun, depleting Phobos 1 batteries. Phobos 2 operated normally throughout its cruise and Mars orbital insertion phases on January 29, 1989, gathering data on the Sun, interplanetary medium, Mars, and Phobos. Shortly before the final phase of the mission, during which the spacecraft was to approach within 50 m of Phobos' surface and release two landers, one a mobile 'hopper', the other a stationary platform, contact with Phobos 2 was lost. The mission ended when the spacecraft signal failed to be successfully reacquired on March 27, 1989. The cause of the failure was determined to be a malfunction of the on-board computer.

Question: What was the first spacecraft to land on Mars?
Five Star Movement

On 28 October 2014, an online referendum took place among the activists of the M5S on the recognition of same-sex civil partnerships: 21,360 voted yes and 3,908 voted no.[125] In February 2016, the M5S decided not to officially back the proposal of recognition of stepchild adoption for same sex civil partnerships, refusing to take an official stand and gave its parliamentarians freedom to vote their conscience on the matter.[126]

Question: What is the name of the populist movement in Italy?

Ronnie Van Zant

"The All-Night Bus Ride", the 8th episode of Season 1 of the Showtime series Roadies, was made in honor of Van Zant and the band.

Question: Where was Ronnie Van Zant born?

Fancy Bear

In February 2017, the General Intelligence and Security Service (AIVD) of the Netherlands revealed that Fancy Bear and Cozy Bear had made several attempts to hack into Dutch ministries, including the Ministry of General Affairs, over the previous six months. Rob Bertholee, head of the AIVD, said on EenVandaag that the hackers were Russian and had tried to gain access to secret government documents.[66]

Question: Who is the leader of Fancy Bear?

Águas de São Pedro

Until 1800 the region of São Pedro and its enclave was virgin forest. The first people to set foot in Águas de São Pedro territory were, as in most municipalities in the São Paulo countryside, bandeirantes seeking precious stones, especially gold, opening many roads and routes in the dense forest. One of these routes, called Caminho do Picadão (Way of the Forest Trail), started in Itu, passed through Piracicaba and advanced towards the hinterlands of Araraquara.[19] For years, many farms were established in the region, until in 1883, São Pedro was detached from Piracicaba and became politically independent.[19]

Question: How big is Águas de São Pedro?

Castle Bravo

When Bravo was detonated, within one second it formed a fireball almost 4.5 miles (7.2km) across. This fireball was visible on Kwajalein atoll over 250 miles (400km) away. The explosion left a crater 6,500 feet (2,000m) in diameter and 250 feet (76m) in depth. The mushroom cloud reached a height of 47,000 feet (14,000m) and a diameter of 7 miles (11km) in about a minute, a height of 130,000 feet (40km) and 62mi (100km) in diameter in less than 10 minutes and was expanding at more than 100 meters per second (360km/h; 220mph). As a result of the blast, the cloud contaminated more than 7,000 square miles (18,000km2) of the surrounding Pacific Ocean, including some of the surrounding small islands like Rongerik, Rongelap, and Utirik.[28]

Question: What was the last high-yield thermonuclear weapon design test conducted by the US at Bikini Atoll?
Chinese economic reform

China had had one of the world's largest and most advanced economies prior to the nineteenth century.[1] In the 18th century, Adam Smith claimed China had long been one of the richest, that is, one of the most fertile, best cultivated, most industrious, most prosperous and most urbanized countries in the world.[2] The Chinese economy stagnated, beginning in the 16th century[3] and even declined in absolute terms in the nineteenth and much of the twentieth century, with a brief recovery in the 1930s.[4]

Question: When did China embrace socialism?

History of South Africa

In the mid-1980s, police and army death squads conducted state-sponsored assassinations of dissidents and activists.[148] By mid-1987 the Human Rights Commission knew of at least 140 political assassinations in the country, while about 200 people died at the hands of South African agents in neighbouring states. The exact numbers of all the victims may never be known.[149] Strict censorship disallowed journalists from reporting, filming or photographing such incidents, while the government ran its own covert disinformation programme that provided distorted accounts of the extrajudicial killings.[150] At the same time, State-sponsored vigilante groups carried out violent attacks on communities and community leaders associated with resistance to apartheid.[151] The attacks were then falsely attributed by the government to "black-on-black" or factional violence within the communities.[152]

Question: When did South Africa become an independent country?

John Charles Daly

In World War II, he was the first national correspondent to report the attack on Pearl Harbor, and the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt, as well as covering much of the front-line news from Europe and North Africa. 

Question: Who was the first host of the game show "What's My Line?"?

Glomma

Because it flows through some of the richest forest districts, it has historically been Norway's leading log-floating river. The combination of raw materials, water power, and easy transport has over the centuries encouraged industry along the Glomma. Some of the country's largest manufacturing and processing concerns are found around its mouth, where supplies of timber and hydropower have been backed by excellent port facilities.

Question: What is the longest river in Norway?
Department of Public Works (Queensland)

Construction of the $135 million Brisbane Magistrates Court was completed. The building contains a range of environmentally sustainable design initiatives.[4]

Question: When was the Queensland Department of Public Works founded?

Lanthanide

Another specific element that has been tested and used as an anti-cancer agent is lanthanum, more specifically lanthanum chloride (LaCl3 ). The lanthanum ion is used to affect the levels of let-7a and microRNAs miR-34a in a cell throughout the cell cycle.  When the lanthanum ion was introduced to the cell in vivo or in vitro, it inhibited the rapid growth and induced apoptosis of the cancer cells (specifically cervical cancer cells). This effect was caused by the regulation of the let-7a and microRNAs by the lanthanum ions.[85] The mechanism for this effect is still unclear but it is possible that the lanthanum is acting in a similar way as the cerium and binding to a ligand necessary for cancer cell proliferation.

Question: What is the heaviest lanthanide?

RCA Records

By the end of the fiscal year 1988, RCA Records had gross revenue of $236 million in the United States, their most profitable year to date. Bruce Hornsby's The Way It Is sold more than 3 million albums, and the soundtrack for the film Dirty Dancing, which cost RCA $200,000 to produce, sold 15.6 million copies in less than two years. Its follow-up, More Dirty Dancing, composed of song tracks which had been left out of the first album, was produced for $80,000 and went on to sell more than 5.6 million. Successful acts for RCA Records during the 1980s included the Eurythmics, Love and Rockets, Rick Astley and Bucks Fizz.[28][29]

Question: Who is head of RCA Records?

Sweet Home Alabama

Lynyrd Skynyrd remains connected to Muscle Shoals, having since recorded a number of works in the city and making it a regular stop on their concert tours.

Question: Who sung "Sweet Home Alabama?"

Haitian Revolution

By 1792, slave rebels controlled a third of the island.[63] The success of the slave rebellion caused the newly elected Legislative Assembly in France to realize it was facing an ominous situation. To protect France's economic interests, the Assembly granted civil and political rights to free men of color in the colonies  in March 1792.[60] Countries throughout Europe as well as the United States were shocked by the decision, but the Assembly was determined to stop the revolt. Apart from granting rights to the free people of color, the Assembly dispatched 6,000 French soldiers to the island.[64] The new governor sent by Paris, Léger-Félicité Sonthonax, was a supporter of the French Revolution. He abolished  slavery in the Northern Province of Saint Domingue and had hostile relations with the planters, whom he saw as royalists.[65]

Question: How many died in the Haitian Revolution?