copenlu/tydiqa_copenlu huggingface dataset:
Rosie the Riveter

According to the Encyclopedia of American Economic History, "Rosie the Riveter" inspired a social movement that increased the number of working American women from 12 million to 20 million by 1944, a 57% increase from 1940. By 1944 only 1.7 million unmarried men between the ages of 20 and 34 worked in the defense industry, while 4.1 million unmarried women between those ages did so.[25] Although the image of "Rosie the Riveter" reflected the industrial work of welders and riveters during World War II, the majority of working women filled non-factory positions in every sector of the economy. What unified the experiences of these women was that they proved to themselves (and the country) that they could do a "man's job" and could do it well.[26] In 1942, just between the months of January and July, the estimates of the proportion of jobs that would be "acceptable" for women was raised by employers from 29 to 85%. African American women were some of those most affected by the need for women workers. It has been said that it was the process of whites working alongside blacks during the time that encouraged a breaking down of social barriers and a healthy recognition of diversity.[26]

Question: Who created Rosie the Riveter?

Rogue One

Rogue One is the first film in the Star Wars anthology series, a series of standalone spin-off films in the Star Wars franchise.[42] John Knoll, visual effects supervisor for the Star Wars prequel trilogy, pitched the idea for the film 10 years before its development; after the Disney acquisition he felt as if he had to pitch it again or forever wonder "what might've happened if I had".[43][44] In May 2014, Disney announced that Gareth Edwards would direct the film and Gary Whitta would write the script.[45] That October, cinematographer Greig Fraser revealed that he would work on the film.[46] In January 2015, it was revealed that Whitta had completed his work on the script, and would no longer be with the project.[47] Simon Kinberg was considered as a replacement.[48] Later in the month, it was announced that Chris Weitz had signed to write the script for the film.[49] In March 2015, the title was announced.[50]

Question: How well was Star Wars: Rogue Squadron rated?

List of Nobel laureates in Literature

The 114 Nobel laureates in literature from 1901 to 2017 were from the following sexes:

Question: Who won the first Nobel prize for poetry?

Pope Gregory XIII

A central part of the strategy of Gregory XIII's reform was to apply the recommendations of Trent. He was a liberal patron of the recently formed Society of Jesus throughout Europe, for which he founded many new colleges. The Roman College of the Jesuits grew substantially under his patronage, and became the most important centre of learning in Europe for a time.  It is now named the Pontifical Gregorian University. Pope Gregory XIII also founded numerous seminaries for training priests, beginning with the German College at Rome, and put them in the charge of the Jesuits.

Question: Who was pope before Gregory XIII?
USS Lexington (CV-2)

Another serious explosion occurred at 14:42 that started severe fires in the hangar and blew the forward elevator 12 inches (300mm) above the flight deck. Power to the forward half of the ship failed shortly afterward. Fletcher sent three destroyers to assist, but another major explosion at 15:25 knocked out water pressure in the hangar and forced the evacuation of the forward machinery spaces. The fire eventually forced the evacuation of all compartments below the waterline at 16:00 and Lexington eventually drifted to a halt. Evacuation of the wounded began shortly afterward and Sherman ordered "abandon ship" at 17:07. A series of large explosions began around 18:00 that blew the aft elevator apart and threw aircraft into the air. Sherman waited until 18:30 to ensure that all of his crewmen were off the ship before leaving himself. Some 2,770 officers and men were rescued by the rest of the task force. The destroyer Phelps was ordered to sink the ship and fired a total of five torpedoes between 19:15 and 19:52. Immediately after the last torpedo hit, Lexington, down by the bow but nearly on an even keel finally slipped beneath the waves[68] at Coordinates: .[2] Some 216 crewmen were killed and 2,735 were evacuated.[69]

Question: When was USS Lexington (CV-2) built?

Linnwood, Guildford

George McCredie and his company A.L. & G. McCredie & Sons, Architects and Consulting Engineers, were responsible or associated with the construction of many of Sydney's prominent buildings such as George Patterson House, the Burns Phillip Building, Mark Foys, and many of the former wharves in Darling Harbour. The firm was also responsible for the laying of the first underground telephone lines through tunnels beneath Sydney's streets and pavements.[2]

Question: When did Linnwood become a historical society?

Willie Soon

Soon is a climate change denier,[2][4] disputing the scientific understanding of climate change, and contends that most global warming is caused by solar variation rather than by human activity.[5][6] He co-wrote a paper whose methodology was widely criticised by the scientific community.[7] Climate scientists such as Gavin Schmidt of the Goddard Institute for Space Studies  have refuted Soon's arguments, and the Smithsonian does not support his conclusions. He is nonetheless frequently cited by politicians opposed to climate-change legislation.[2][4]

Question: When was Willie Soon born?

Aristagoras

The Thracians, not now disposed to tolerate any further presence of Greeks in their country, opposed this incursion. He gained control of the territory but later, while besieging a neighbouring town, Aristagoras was killed in battle.[34]

Question: When was Aristagoras born?

Zombie

In Haitian folklore, a zombie (Haitian French: zombi, Haitian Creole: zonbi) is an animated corpse raised by magical means, such as witchcraft.[10]

Question: What is a zombie
The Merry Wives of Windsor

Most critics consider Merry Wives to be one of Shakespeare's weakest plays, and the Falstaff of Merry Wives to be much inferior to the Falstaff of the two Henry IV plays. That Shakespeare would so stumble with one of his greatest creations is puzzling and a satisfactory reason for this remains to be found. The most obvious explanation is that it was written very quickly. Leslie Hotson wrote that "it is certain that the play bears the earmarks of hasty writing."[10]

Question: When did Shakespeare write The Merry Wives of Windsor?

Transformation of the Ottoman Empire

Subsequently, the Ottomans resumed warfare with the Safavids in the Ottoman–Safavid War of 1578–90, conquering Georgia, Azerbaijan, and western Iran. In 1593 a frontier incident led to the renewal of warfare with Habsburg Austria in the Long War (1593–1606), in which neither side was able to achieve decisive victory. The Ottomans briefly held Győr (Yanık, 1594-8), but lost control of Novigrad (1594), exposing Buda to attacks from the north. By the end of the war the Ottomans had conquered the strategic fortresses of Eger (Eğri, 1596) and Nagykanizsa (Kanije, 1600).[7] The Safavids took advantage of Ottoman distraction in the west to reverse all of their recent gains in the east in the Ottoman–Safavid War of 1603–18. After the turmoil of Osman II's regicide, the Safavids also seized Baghdad and much of Iraq in 1623, holding it until 1638, after which the border of the 1555 Treaty of Amasya was re-established. While they were occupied with the Safavid wars, an ongoing revolt of the local Zaydi Shi'ites of Yemen finally forced the Ottomans to abandon that province in 1636.[8] The province of Lahsa in eastern Arabia also suffered from perpetual rebellion and tribal resistance to Ottoman rule, and was abandoned in 1670.[9]

Question: When was the Transformation of the Ottoman Empire?

Proto-writing

During the Bronze Age, the cultures of the Ancient Near East are known to have had fully developed writing systems, while the marginal territories affected by the Bronze Age, such as Europe, India and China, remained in the stage of proto-writing.

Question: What is the earliest example of proto-writing that dates to the Bronze Age?

History of the Uyghur people

Following the collapse of the Uyghur Khaganate, the Uyghur gave up Mongolia and dispersed into present day Gansu and Xinjiang.  In 843 Chinese forces watched over Uyghur leftovers located in Shanxi province during a rebellion, until reinforcements arrived.[20] The Uyghur later founded two kingdoms:

Question: Where did the Uyghur people originate?
Commanding officer

In the British Army, Royal Marines, and many other Commonwealth military and paramilitary organisations, the commanding officer of a unit is appointed. Thus the office of CO is an appointment.
The appointment of commanding officer is exclusive to commanders of major units (regiments, battalions and similar sized units). It is customary for a commanding officer to hold the rank of lieutenant colonel, and they are usually referred to within the unit simply as "the colonel" or the CO. "The colonel" may also refer to the holder of an honorary appointment of a senior officer who oversees the non-operational affairs of a regiment. However, the rank of the appointment holder and the holder's appointment are separate. That is, not all lieutenant colonels are COs, and although most COs are lieutenant colonels, that is not a requirement of the appointment.

Question: What does CO mean in the Army?

Common ostrich

As ambient air becomes hotter, additional evaporation can take place lower in the trachea making its way to the posterior sacs, shunting the lung surface.[62] The trachea acts as a buffer for evaporation because of the length, and the controlled vascularization.[62] The Gular is also heavily vascularized; its purpose is for cooling blood, but also evaporation, as previously stated. Air flowing through the trachea can be either laminar or turbulent depending on the state of the bird.[64] When the common ostrich is breathing normally, under no heat stress, air flow is laminar.[62] When the common ostrich is experiencing heat stress from the environment the air flow is considered turbulent.[62] This suggests that laminar air flow causes little to no heat transfer, while under heat stress turbulent airflow can cause maximum heat transfer within the trachea.[62]

Question: How tall is an ostrich?

American Indian Model Schools

By that year the school began to receive many Asian Americans from Laurel.[31] In the 2010-2011 school year, the AIM system had more than 86% Asian American students, while the overall Oakland Unified School District was 13% Asian. In 2010-2011, the school had no Native American students.[33] As of 2012 more than 90% of the AIPCS student body was Asian American.[6] The next largest ethnic groups were African Americans and Hispanic Americans.  In 2009 almost all of the students were low income.[5]

Question: When was the American Indian Model Schools system established?

Question mark

The question mark [?] (also known as interrogation point, query, or eroteme in journalism)[1] is a punctuation mark that indicates an interrogative clause or phrase in many languages. The question mark is not used for indirect questions. The question mark glyph is also often used in place of missing or unknown data. In Unicode, it is encoded at U+003F?QUESTION MARK (HTML&#63;).

Question: What is the origin of the question mark?
Pál Teleki

The event that eventually led to Teleki's suicide began on 25 March 1941 when the Yugoslavian Prime Minister, Dragisa Cvetkovic, and Minister for Foreign Affairs, Aleksandar Cincar Marković, traveled to Vienna and signed the Tripartite Pact. In the late evening on 26/27 March 1941, Air Force Generals Dušan Simović and Borivoje Mirković had executed a bloodless coup d'état and had refuted signatures on the alliance and accepted a British guarantee of security instead. Germany saw its southern flank potentially exposed just as it was preparing Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of Russia. Germany planned to invade Yugoslavia (Directive No. 25) and compel it to remain part of the Axis. Hitler used Hungary's membership in the Tripartite Pact to demand that Hungary join in. Döme Sztójay, the Hungarian ambassador to Germany, was sent home by air with a message for Regent Horthy:

Question: When was Count Pál János Ede Teleki de Szék born?

Socrates

An alternative interpretation of the dialectic is that it is a method for direct perception of the Form of the Good. Philosopher Karl Popper describes the dialectic as "the art of intellectual intuition, of visualising the divine originals, the Forms or Ideas, of unveiling the Great Mystery behind the common man's everyday world of appearances."[106] In a similar vein, French philosopher Pierre Hadot suggests that the dialogues are a type of spiritual exercise. Hadot writes that "in Plato's view, every dialectical exercise, precisely because it is an exercise of pure thought, subject to the demands of the Logos, turns the soul away from the sensible world, and allows it to convert itself towards the Good."[107]

Question: How did Socrates die?

Battle of Dorylaeum (1097)

On July 1, Bohemond's force was surrounded outside Dorylaeum by Kilij Arslan. Godfrey and Raymond had separated from the vanguard at Leuce, and the Turkish army attacked at dawn, taking Bohemond's army (not expecting such a swift attack) entirely by surprise, shooting arrows into the camp. Bohemond's knights had quickly mounted but their sporadic counterattacks were unable to deter the Turks. The Turks were riding into camp, cutting down noncombatants and unarmoured foot soldiers, who were unable to outrun the Turkish horses and were too disoriented and panic-stricken to form lines of battle. To protect the unarmoured foot and noncombatants, Bohemond ordered his knights to dismount and form a defensive line, and with some trouble gathered the foot soldiers and the noncombatants into the centre of the camp; the women acted as water-carriers throughout the battle. While this formed a battle line and sheltered the more vulnerable men-at-arms and noncombatants, it also gave the Turks free rein to maneuver on the battlefield.

Question: Where were the first Crusade battles fought?
Robert FitzRoy

The sailors gave them names: the girl was  called Fuegia Basket (so named because the replacement for the stolen boat was an improvised coracle that resembled a basket), the boy Jemmy Button (FitzRoy purchased him with buttons), and the man he named York Minster (after the large rock near which he was captured). The second boy was called Boat Memory. FitzRoy brought the four back with the ship to England. Boat Memory died following a smallpox vaccination. The others were cared for and taught by the trainee missionary Richard Matthews; they were considered civilised enough to be presented at Court to King William IV and Queen Adelaide in the summer of 1831.

Question: What kind of job did Fitzroy have?

AMC (TV channel)

For most of its first 18 years in existence, AMC provided uncut and uncolorized films without commercial interruption. Its revenue came from carriage fees provided by the cable providers that maintained carriage agreements with the channel. However, in 1998, AMC began accepting traditional advertising, incorporating limited commercial interruptions between films (its sister movie channel Romance Classics, which had launched only one year earlier, became an entirely ad-supported channel at that point).[17] By 2001, AMC had also incorporated commercial breaks during its movie telecasts.[18] As a result of this move, Turner Classic Movies became the only one of the two classic film-focused networks to present their films commercial-free.

Question: When was the AMC network created?

List of islands of Indonesia

Alor Islands, 14 islands + 1 (East Timor)
Alor
Kepa
Pantar
Flores
Babi
Mules Island
Komodo
Gili Lawadarat
Gili Lawalaut
Pulau Mangiatan
Pulau Makasar
Taka Makasar
Pulau Mauwang
Pulau Pararambah
Pulau Siaba Besar
Pulau Siaba Kecil
Pulau Mangiatan
Pulau Tatawa
Tukoh Pemaroh
Pulau Pararambah
Padar
Pulau Batubilah
Pulau Padar Kecil
Palu'e (Palu)
Rinca
Gili Motang
Golo Mori
Pulau Muang
Pulau Rohbong
Tukoh Gagak
Tukoh Rohbongkoe
Pulau Papagaran Besar
Pulau Papagaran Kecil
Pulau Batu
Pulau Mole
Pulau Pengah Besar
Pulau Pengah Kecil
Pulau Batupengah
Rote Island
Savu (Sawu)
Solor Islands
Adonara
Lembata (Lomblen)
Solor
Sumba
Timor, divided between Indonesia (West Timor) and the independent nation of East Timor

Question: How many islands does Indonesia have?

Scorpion (Mortal Kombat)

Scorpion has been playable in nearly every Mortal Kombat fighting game, the one exception being the original version of Mortal Kombat 3. He was among the characters representing the series in the crossover games while having guest roles in other games, besides appearing in a variety of official series merchandise and other alternate media. Scorpion is featured on the logo of NetherRealm Studios, the successor of Midway Games.

Question: Who plays the voice of Scorpion in Mortal Kombat?
History of General Hospital

In the beginning of 2010, Sonny shoots undercover cop Dominic Perelli, who turns out to be his son Dante Falconeri. Meanwhile, Elizabeth cheats on Lucky Spencer with his brother Nikolas Cassadine and becomes pregnant. The baby is Lucky's, but Helena Cassadine changes the paternity results to say that it is Nikolas's son. Also in early 2010, Kristina's is attacked by her boyfriend Kiefer Bauer, but lies and says it was Ethan Lovett. While driving Kristina to the hospital, Alexis hits Kiefer with her car, but is in a state of shock and keeps driving. Kiefer dies from his injuries. Sonny goes on trial for Claudia's murder, but Dante learns Michael (now being played by another recast Chad Duell) killed her and he is sent to prison. Jason voluntarily goes to prison to protect Michael. Eventually Michael is released from prison, and Jason soon after. Carly vows to get revenge against Dante, and tries to break up Dante and Lulu by hiring Brook Lynn Ashton to seduce him. Meanwhile, Franco returns and kidnaps Elizabeth's newborn son, Aiden, causing the hospital to be locked down. Kiefer's father tries to take revenge, shooting Mac and Ethan before attempting to shoot Kristina. Mac kills Warren. Lucky eventually finds the baby and returns him to Liz, and Franco escapes.

Question: Where does the story line of General Hospital take place?

First Austrian Republic

Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss of the Christian Social Party took power in Austria on 20 May 1932, and moved the party and Austria towards dictatorship, centralisation and fascism, in part because the fascist Italy was its strongest international ally against Germany. In March 1933, Dollfuss took advantage of an error in a bill in parliament, and his cabinet voted to dissolve the National Council and declared that parliament has ceased to function. In May 1933 he created the Fatherland Front. While outwardly fascist, it was mostly Catholic and influenced by the papal encyclical Quadragesimo anno of 1931 which refuted liberalism and socialism in favour of corporatism.

Question: When did Austria become a republic?

Silverstone Circuit

The FIM World Superbike Championship round at Silverstone in 2010 will go down in history as being totally dominated by British riders. In both race, the top step was the property of Yamaha Sterilgarda's Cal Crutchlow. Also, second in both races was Jonathan Rea. Alstare Suzuki's Leon Haslam and Aprilla's Leon Camier made appearances in the top three, giving Britain a complete podium sweep of the event.[51]

Question: What was the first race held at the Silverstone Circuit?
Franco-Prussian War

On 1 September 1870, the battle opened with the Army of Châlons, with 202 infantry battalions, 80 cavalry squadrons and 564 guns, attacking the surrounding Prussian Third and Meuse Armies totaling 222 infantry battalions, 186 cavalry squadrons and 774 guns. General De Wimpffen, the commander of the French V Corps in reserve, hoped to launch a combined infantry and cavalry attack against the Prussian XI Corps. But by 11:00, Prussian artillery took a toll on the French while more Prussian troops arrived on the battlefield. The French cavalry, commanded by General Margueritte, launched three desperate attacks on the nearby village of Floing where the Prussian XI Corps was concentrated. Margueritte was killed leading the very first charge and the two additional charges led to nothing but heavy losses. By the end of the day, with no hope of breaking out, Napoleon III called off the attacks. The French lost over 17,000 men, killed or wounded, with 21,000 captured. The Prussians reported their losses at 2,320 killed, 5,980 wounded and 700 captured or missing. By the next day, on 2 September, Napoleon III surrendered and was taken prisoner with 104,000 of his soldiers. It was an overwhelming victory for the Prussians, for they not only captured an entire French army, but the leader of France as well. The defeat of the French at Sedan had decided the war in Prussia's favour. One French army was now immobilised and besieged in the city of Metz, and no other forces stood on French ground to prevent a German invasion. Nevertheless, the war would continue.

Question: Who won the Austo-Prussian war?

Sanjay Gandhi National Park

Temperature tends to stay a little cooler than the city because of a large green cover. During winters, dense fog can be seen and night temperatures below 15°C is common. Due to its natural green cover and presence of lake and elevation to some extent, rainfall varies greatly as what the city sees. The most southern part of the city (Colaba) receives an average of 2200mm of rainfall annually, the northern part (Santacruz) receives 2500mm and the national park just 12km away from Santacruz receives more than 3000mm annually.

Question: How large is the Sanjay Gandhi National Park?

SIU Edwardsville Cougars men's soccer

In 2012, the Cougars were ranked during the season for the first time since the 1980s,[14][15][16][17] finished second in the MVC in both the regular season and the conference tournament (both to NCAA semifinalist Creighton), and narrowly missed returning to the Division I tournament for the first time since 1982.[12] For the season, Kalish was named the National Soccer Coaches Association of America (NSCAA) Midwest Region Coach of the Year,[18] and his staff was named the Missouri Valley Conference Coaching Staff of the year.[19]

Question: Who is head coach of the SIU Edwardsville Cougars men's soccer team?