copenlu/tydiqa_copenlu huggingface dataset:
2010 AFL Grand Final

The grand final replay was attended by 93,853 people, roughly 6,000 fewer than the drawn grand final. This was consistent with previous grand final replays in 1948 and 1977, both of which drew lower attendances than the drawn grand finals which preceded them.

Question: Who was head coach of Collingwood Football Club for the 2010 AFL Grand Final?

Pteranodon

During the early 1990s, S. Christopher Bennett also published several major papers reviewing the anatomy, taxonomy and life history of Pteranodon.[5]

Question: Where was the first Pteranodon fossil found?

Albert Haynesworth

Following his senior season, Haynesworth was named a SuperPrep and Rivalnet All-American, and was also rated the fourth-best defensive lineman and the 14th-ranked overall player in the nation according to ESPN's Top 100, while National Recruiting Advisor rated him as the best defensive tackle in the country.[5] He was a member of the University of Tennessee Volunteers' 1999 recruiting class.

Question: Who is the highest paid player on the Washington Redskins?

Paul I of Russia

There is some evidence that Paul I was venerated as a saint among the Russian Orthodox populace,[47] even though he was never officially canonized by any of the Orthodox Churches.

Question: How did Paul I of Russia die?

Violet Parr

In Incredibles 2, female characters contribute a more central role to the plot, with Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter observing that Violet has begun "to spread her wings".[51] However, she remains an awkward teenage girl "with the power to make herself invisible (although not, sadly, to make the boy she has a crush on really see her)", according to Slate's Sam Adams,[52] with the film exploring her "adolescent, boy-crazed sanity" and first broken heart,[53][54] to which she reacts by consuming ice cream and throwing her clothes.[55] At times, Violet can be so concerned with her own struggles that she fails to notice some of the situations that are affecting the rest of her family, although she maintains the importance of family.[56] Vowell observed that Violet's temper is explored much further in Incredibles 2, in which she cries and yells out of annoyance and passion, summarizing the character as "a hormonal teenager."[8] The actress believes that her character "can be hilarious" at times, "but her humor has some bite to it ... She has a tendency to comment a little too truthfully about any given scenario ... For better or worse, if she thinks it, she says it", describing Violet as incapable of "edit[ing] uncomfortable thoughts."[13] According to Syfy Wire's Heather Mason, Violet's role in the sequel is to "break the tension and bring the superheroes back to reality" by "say[ing] what they are all thinking."[11]

Question: Who played the voice of Violet Parr in The Incredibles?
Vienna State Opera

The Ministry of the Interior had commissioned a number of reports into the availability of certain building materials, with the result that stones long not seen in Vienna were used, such as Wöllersdorfer Stein, for plinths and free-standing, simply-divided buttresses, the famously hard stone from Kaisersteinbruch, whose colour was more appropriate than that of Kelheimerstein, for more lushly decorated parts. The somewhat coarser-grained Kelheimerstein (also known as Solnhof Plattenstein) was intended as the main stone to be used in the building of the opera house, but the necessary quantity was not deliverable. Breitenbrunner stone was suggested as a substitute for the Kelheimer stone, and stone from Jois was used as a cheaper alternative to the Kaiserstein. The staircases were constructed from polished Kaiserstein, while most of the rest of the interior was decorated with varieties of marble.

Question: Who designed the Vienna State Opera House?

Hydrogen bond

Hydrogen bonds can vary in strength from weak (1–2 kJ mol−1) to strong (161.5 kJ mol−1 in the ion HF−
2).[11][12]  Typical enthalpies in vapor include:

Question: What is the strength of a hydrogen bond?

Elephants in Thailand

Historically, elephants in Thailand are considered to be very important culturally. There are many elephant’s references to art works, literature and national emblems. Since Thailand is a Buddhist country, elephants are portrayed as sacred animals from their special symbolism in the practice of Buddhism. Many art works in Thai royal palaces and temples have drawings of elephants on the paintings on the walls. In 1917, Thailand’s official flag was a white elephant in the middle of the scarlet background. White elephants in Thai society also represent wealth and power because of their past association with the Thai royals. The royal Thai navy flag also bears the symbol of white elephant. Many provinces in Thailand used to have elephants as part of their official emblems as well.[22] In the Thai animal and planetary zodiac, the elephant is the fourth animal zodiac of the Thai people.

Question: What is Thailand's national animal?

Pergamon

The surviving remains of the inscription on the architrave indicate that the building was the temple of Hera Basileia and that it was erected by Attalus II.[84]

Question: Where is Pergamon?

International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union

The strike was a violent one. Police routinely arrested picketers for trivial or imaginary offenses while employers hired local thugs to beat them as police looked the other way.

Question: When was the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union formed?

Battle of Palmito Ranch

List of National Historic Landmarks in Texas
National Register of Historic Places listings in Cameron County, Texas

Question: What was the last Confederate victory in the Civil War?

Grand Canal (China)

The economic importance of the canal likely will continue. The governments of the Shandong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces planned dredging meant to increase shipping capacity by 40 percent by 2012.

Question: What is the longest canal in the world?
English-speaking world

India now claims to be the world's second-largest English-speaking country. The most reliable estimate is around 10% of its population or 125 million people, second only to the US and expected to quadruple in the next decade.[4]

Question: How many native English speakers are there in the world?

The Young and the Restless

Since its debut, The Young and the Restless has won nine Daytime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Drama Series. It is also currently the highest-rated daytime drama on American television. As of 2008, it had appeared at the top of the weekly Nielsen ratings in that category for more than 1,000 weeks since 1988.[14] As of December 12, 2013, according to Nielsen ratings, The Young and the Restless was the leading daytime drama for an unprecedented 1,300 weeks, or 25 years.[15] The serial is also a companion series to The Bold and the Beautiful, as several actors have crossed over between shows. In June 2017, The Young and the Restless was renewed for three additional years.

Question: When did The Young and the Restless first air?

Admiralty


Old Admiralty (Ripley Building) in 1760 before addition of the Adam screen
Old Admiralty (Ripley Building) c. 1790 after addition of the Adam screen
Old Admiralty (Ripley Building) c. 1830


Question: When was the British Admiralty founded?

Historic site

Historic sites and heritage sites are often maintained for members of the public to be able to visit. Visitors may come out of a sense of nostalgia for bygone eras, out of wishing to learn about their cultural heritage, or general interest in learning about the historical context of the site.[1][2] Many sites offer guided tours for visitors,[2] conducted by site staff who have been trained to offer an interpretation of life at the time the site represents.[3] A site may also have a visitor center with more modern architecture and facilities, which serves as a gateway between the outside world and the historic site, and allows visitors to learn some of the historical aspects of the site without excessively exposing locations that may require delicate treatment[4].

Question: What historic site means?
On the Origin of Species

Darwin's barnacle studies convinced him that variation arose constantly and not just in response to changed circumstances. In 1854, he completed the last part of his Beagle-related writing and began working full-time on evolution. He now realised that the branching pattern of evolutionary divergence was explained by natural selection working constantly to improve adaptation. His thinking changed from the view that species formed in isolated populations only, as on islands, to an emphasis on speciation without isolation; that is, he saw increasing specialisation within large stable populations as continuously exploiting new ecological niches. He conducted empirical research focusing on difficulties with his theory. He studied the developmental and anatomical differences between different breeds of many domestic animals, became actively involved in fancy pigeon breeding, and experimented (with the help of his son Francis) on ways that plant seeds and animals might disperse across oceans to colonise distant islands. By 1856, his theory was much more sophisticated, with a mass of supporting evidence.[44][46]

Question: How many copies of the Origin of Species were printed in its first year?

History of science fiction films

Alien films saw a huge surge in popularity during the 1950s. Many featured political commentary being mixed with the concept of UFOs, which had become ingrained in the public consciousness after the Kenneth Arnold and Roswell incidents of 1947. Two of the first were The Day the Earth Stood Still, directed by Robert Wise, and Howard Hawks' The Thing from Another World, with their contrasting views of first contact. While the former had a peaceful race of aliens urging humans to control their use of nuclear weapons, the latter's title creature stalked a crew in the Arctic, with the paranoid final words, "Watch the skies!" The idea of alien invasions as an allegory recurred with Don Siegel's 1956 film, Invasion of the Body Snatchers. Critically acclaimed as a classic, it has been viewed as both a veiled criticism of McCarthyism, or a cautionary story of Communist infiltration.[12]

Question: What was the first movie about space?

Balkans

Entirely within the Balkan peninsula:

Question: What countries are on the Balkan Peninsula?

Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum

The Olympic cauldron (also known as the Olympic Torch) was built for the stadium's two Olympic Games. It is still lit during  USC football games and  for Los Angeles Rams games, and other special occasions (e.g., when the Olympics are being held in another city).

Question: What is the seating capacity of the Los Angeles Rams stadium?
The Keys to the Kingdom

Nithlings are entities formed from Nothing. They are feared by most of the House due to their ability to kill even an immortal Denizen with a festering bite.
Nithlings take a variety of shapes and are incorporated into every book in some form. They appear to lack complex intelligence, although some types can be used as servants (notably the Fetchers, sent to retrieve the Key in Book One). Most lower forms of Nithling can be dispatched with silver or salt, though this has little effect on higher or more substantially Made Nithlings.

Question: When was The Keys to the Kingdom series first introduced?

Nuclear-powered icebreaker

The bow hull plating is approximately 32mm thick.

Question: What is the biggest icebreaker ship in existence?

1899 San Ciriaco hurricane

In Saint Kitts, 5-minute sustained winds were 72mph (116km/h), while 1-minute sustained winds were as high as 120mph (190km/h). About 200small houses were destroyed on Saint Kitts, with estates suffering considerable damage. Despite the impact, no deaths occurred, which was attributed to ample warnings. On Nevis, the hurricane left "general destruction" and at least 21fatalities. Nearly all estates were demolished on Saint Croix, while almost every large building was deroofed. Eleven deaths were reported on the island.[2]

Question: Where did the San Ciriaco hurricane make landfall?

Burkina Faso

Sankara pushed for agrarian self-sufficiency and promoted public health by vaccinating 2,500,000 children against meningitis, yellow fever, and measles.[12] His national agenda also included planting over 10,000,000 trees to halt the growing desertification of the Sahel. Sankara called on every village to build a medical dispensary and had over 350 communities build schools with their own labour.[11][40]

Question: How big is Burkina Faso?

South Pole

US Admiral Richard Evelyn Byrd, with the assistance of his first pilot Bernt Balchen, became the first person to fly over the South Pole on November 29, 1929.

Question: Which is colder North Pole or South Pole?

Anushilan Samiti

Murderous methods hitherto unknown in India ... have been imported from the West, ... which the imitative Bengali has childishly accepted.[37]

Question: How many people joined the Anushilan Samiti?

LNER Class A4 4468 Mallard

Duddington, then aged61, climbed into the cab, turned his cap around (as had George Formby in the contemporary film No Limit), and drove Mallard into the history books. He had 27years on the footplate, and had once driven the Scarborough Flyer for 144miles at over 74mph (average speed), considered at the time to be the highest speed ever maintained by steam in the UK.

Question: What was the fastest steam locomotive?
Sport utility vehicle

Although designs vary, SUVs have historically been passenger vehicles with a separate body on a chassis taken from some kind of light truck, commercial vehicle, pick-up or off-road vehicle. SUVs are typically of a two-box design, with the engine compartment in front, and a combined reconfigurable passenger and cargo compartment behind it, instead of having a separate trunk.[nb 7] Early SUVs were frequently two-door open-body models with removable tops, like classic Jeeps, or large station wagon-like vehicles, like carryalls / suburbans or travelalls.

Question: What was the first car classified as an SUV?

Microorganism

 is a microbiology information portal containing a vast collection of resources including articles, news, frequently asked questions, and links pertaining to the field of microbiology.
 A free poster from the National Academy of Sciences about the positive roles of micro-organisms.
 Report from the American Academy of Microbiology
 A 20-page educational booklet providing a basic overview of metagenomics and our microbial planet.


 On-line textbook
 On-line microbiology textbook by Timothy Paustian and Gary Roberts, University of Wisconsin-Madison
 on YouTube


Question: What is a microbe?

Political ideologies in the United States

It is also shown by the Pew Research Center that conservatives tend to have stronger belief in personal empowerment than liberals. Among the wealthiest and most educated group of conservatives, the Enterprisers, 95% believed that most people can get ahead in life if they work hard. Despite having similar income and education levels, only 53% of Liberals agreed with Enterprisers on the issue while 39% disagreed and another 5% refused to answer.[27] Even among the poorest and least educated groups of both the conservatives (the Pro-Government Conservatives) and the left-wing (the Disadvantaged Democrats), these differences in opinion about personal empowerment are apparent. While 74% of Pro-Government Conservatives believed that people can get ahead with hard work, only 14% of Disadvantaged Democrats agreed while 79% disagreed and the other 7% refused to answer.[28]

Question: What percentage of Americans identify as liberal?

Anatolian Shepherd

The Anatolian Shepherd Dog is very loyal and can be fiercely possessive and protective of its family, stock and territory. The Anatolian is also a bold, confident dog that does not become overstimulated easily. They are generally curious but aloof with guests. They are not outgoing dogs that want to make friends with everyone and dislike strangers who are too forward. They are calm and observant of their surroundings and may not go looking for trouble, but he may not back down if challenged. An Anatolian that has been agitated may be too angry to be controlled and cannot be stopped on command[15].

Question: How large is an Anatolian Shepard?
D.Gray-man

When drawing the series, Hoshino entrusts her storyboards to her editor, which was initially complicated to her due to D.Gray-man being her first series. She faced difficulties with the initial weekly serialization of the manga resulted in multiple changes due to the how the storyboards changed across this period. Following Hoshino's change to a threemestral serialization, she uses digital from the storyboard stage. In bringing this style, she looked after manga author Tite Kubo, famous for writing Bleach, who uses a similar style. This allowed her to make more details to her illustrations and made character's faces more unique.[19]

Question: When did D.Gray-man first air?

Wolfenstein

This installment is a soft reboot of the franchise and builds a new chronology, set in an alternate universe where the Axis powers won World War II. In 1946, as the Nazis expand their regime all over the world, OSA agent William "B.J." Blazkowicz is sent to assassinate the notorious evil mastermind, General Deathshead, a familiar face from the previous encounters, as part of a last all-out effort by Allied airborne and commando forces. The mission is a failure and, after the entire unit is slaughtered by the Nazi forces, Blazkowicz barely escapes the compound, sustaining a critical head injury which renders him unconscious and subsequently puts him in a coma.

Question: Who created the game Return to Castle Wolfenstein?

Himalayas

The Himalayan region is dotted with hundreds of lakes. Most of the larger lakes are on the northern side of the main range. The most famous is the sacred freshwater Lake Manasarovar, near to Mount Kailas with an area of 410km2 (160sqmi) and an altitude of 4,590m (15,060ft). It drains into the nearby Lake Rakshastal  with an area of 250km2 (97sqmi) and slightly lower at 4,575m (15,010ft).  Pangong Tso, which is spread across the border between India and China, at far western end of Tibet, and Yamdrok Tso, located in south central Tibet, are among the largest with surface areas of 700km2 (270sqmi), and 638km2 (246sqmi), respectively. Lake Puma Yumco is one of the highest of the larger lakes at an elevation of 5,030m (16,500ft).

Question: Which countries are spanned by the Himalayas?

Royal Observer Corps

In 1950, King George Vl granted permission for the issue of a Royal Observer Corps Medal for twelve years continuous service. Each subsequent period of twelve years was recognised by the award of an RAF eagle clasp attached to the medal ribbon. Service by full-time officers was calculated at a rate of 50% for qualifying years, thereby requiring fully twenty four years service in order to qualify for a medal or subsequent clasp. However, any spare-time service previously undertaken by such individuals counted in full. (ROC personnel who served for 28 days during World War II also qualified for the award of a War Medal, with service of 1,080 days qualifying for the 1939–1945 Star and the Defence Medal).

Question: Who was first commander of the Royal Observer Corps?
Smithsonian Institution

In 2011, the Smithsonian undertook its first-ever capital fundraising campaign.[48] The $1.5 billion effort raised $1 billion at the three-year mark. Smithsonian officials made the campaign public in October 2014 in an effort to raise the remaining $500 million. More than 60,000 individuals and organizations donated money to the campaign by the time it went public.[49] This included 192 gifts of at least $1 million.[49] Members of the boards of directors of various Smithsonian museums donated $372 million.[49] The Smithsonian said that funds raised will go toward completion of the National Museum of African American History and Culture building, and renovations of the National Air and Space Museum, National Museum of American History, and the Renwick Gallery.[49] A smaller amount of funds will go to educational initiatives and digitization of collections.[49] As of September 2017, the Smithsonian claimed to have raised $1.79 billion, with 3 months left in the formal campaign calendar.[50]

Question: When was the Smithsonian Institute founded?

Rhône

The Rhône has been an important highway since the times of the Greeks and Romans. It was the main trade route from the Mediterranean to east-central Gaul.[6] As such, it helped convey Greek cultural influences to the western Hallstatt and the later La Tène cultures.[6] Celtic tribes living near the Rhône included the Seduni, Sequani, Segobriges, Allobroges, Segusiavi, Helvetii, Vocontii and Volcae Arecomici.[6]

Question: What river runs through the Rhone valley?

American Football League

Today, two of the NFL's eight divisions are composed entirely of former AFL teams, the AFC West (Broncos, Chargers, Chiefs, and Raiders) and the AFC East (Bills, Dolphins, Jets, and Patriots). Additionally, the Bengals now play in the AFC North and the Tennessee Titans (formerly the Oilers) play in the AFC South.

Question: When did the American Football League end?

Irrational number

It is not known if 



π
+
e


{\displaystyle \pi +e}

 (or 



π
−
e


{\displaystyle \pi -e}

) is irrational. In fact, there is no pair of non-zero integers 



m
,
n


{\displaystyle m,n}

 for which it is known whether 



m
π
+
n
e


{\displaystyle m\pi +ne}

 is irrational. Moreover, it is not known whether or not the set 



{
π
,
e
}


{\displaystyle \{\pi ,e\}}

 is algebraically independent over 




Q



{\displaystyle \mathbb {Q} }

.

Question: What is an irrational number?

Pteranodon

Pteranodon were pterosaurs, not dinosaurs. By definition, all dinosaurs belong to one of the two groups within Dinosauria, i.e. Saurischia or Ornithischia. As such, this excludes pterosaurs. Nonetheless, Pteranodon are frequently featured in dinosaur media and are strongly associated with dinosaurs by the general public.[2] While not dinosaurs, they form a sister clade to dinosaurs within the clade Avemetatarsalia.

Question: When was the first Pteranodon fossil found?