copenlu/tydiqa_copenlu huggingface dataset:
AFL Grand Final

In 2016, the shield was rediscovered under a stairwell at AFL House. It was refurbished, with extra space being added to bring the shield up to date, and it was reintroduced as a premiership trophy.[10]

Question: When was the first AFL Grand Final?

Intellect

Intellect is a term used in studies of the human mind, and refers to the ability of the mind to come to correct conclusions about what is true or real, and about how to solve problems. Historically the term comes from the Greek philosophical term nous, which was translated into Latin as intellectus (derived from the verb intelligere, "to understand", from inter, "between" and legere, "to choose"[1]) and into French and then English as intelligence (other than intellect). Intellect is in fact considered as a branch of intelligence (see Intellect vs intelligence).

Question: How is intellect measured?

List of countries where Spanish is an official language

b In Peru, Spanish is the sole official language at the national level while Quechua and Aymara hold co-official status in selected regions.

Question: How many countries speak Spanish?

Oyster

The accidental or intentional introduction of species by humans has the potential to negatively impact native oyster populations. For example, non-native species in Tomales Bay have resulted in the loss of half of California's Olympia oysters.[43]

Question: Where is the largest population of wild oysters?

Huey, Dewey, and Louie

Huey, Dewey and Louie appear as characters only at Tokyo Disney and Disneyland Paris.

Question: What are the names of Donald Duck's three nephews?

Platinum

In 1786, Charles III of Spain provided a library and laboratory to Pierre-François Chabaneau to aid in his research of platinum. Chabaneau succeeded in removing various impurities from the ore, including gold, mercury, lead, copper, and iron. This led him to believe he was working with a single metal, but in truth the ore still contained the yet-undiscovered platinum-group metals. This led to inconsistent results in his experiments. At times, the platinum seemed malleable, but when it was alloyed with iridium, it would be much more brittle. Sometimes the metal was entirely incombustible, but when alloyed with osmium, it would volatilize. After several months, Chabaneau succeeded in producing 23kilograms of pure, malleable platinum by hammering and compressing the sponge form while white-hot. Chabeneau realized the infusibility of platinum would lend value to objects made of it, and so started a business with Joaquín Cabezas producing platinum ingots and utensils. This started what is known as the "platinum age" in Spain.[48]

Question: What is the symbol for platinum?
Khaled Hosseini

Hosseini was born on March 4, 1965 in Kabul, Afghanistan, the eldest of five children.[9] His father, Nasser worked as a diplomat for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Kabul while his mother worked as a Persian language teacher at a girls high school; both originate from Herat.[9] Regarding his ethnicity, Hosseini stated, "I'm not pure anything ... There's a Pashtun part of me, a Tajik part of me."[10] His mother's family is believed to be from the Mohammadzai tribe of Pashtuns.[11] Hosseini describes his upbringing as privileged. He spent eight years of his childhood in the middle class Wazir Akbar Khan neighborhood in Kabul.[9][10][12] Hosseini does not recall his sister, Raya, ever suffering discrimination for being a female.[12] Kabul itself was "a growing, thriving, cosmopolitan city" where he regularly flew kites with a number of cousins.[13]

Question: When was Khaled Hosseini born?

Great Synagogue

The historical Great Synagogue in Amsterdam, now part of the Joods Historisch Museum (Jewish History Museum)
Włodawa Great Synagogue, built between 1769–1774, now a museum complex in Poland

Question: Where is the largest synagogue?

Clannad (visual novel)

Toei Animation (the same team who worked on the original Kanon anime and Air film) announced at the Tokyo Anime Fair on March 23, 2006 that an animated film would be produced.[90] The Clannad film was released on September 15, 2007, directed by the same director of the Air film, Osamu Dezaki, and the screenplay was written by Makoto Nakamura.[91] The film is a reinterpretation of the Clannad storyline which centers on the story arc of the female lead Nagisa Furukawa. The film was released on DVD in three editions: the Collector's Edition, the Special Edition, and the Regular Edition on March 7, 2008.[92] Sentai Filmworks released an English-subbed and dubbed version of the film in March 2011.[93]

Question: When was the visual novel Clannad first released?

Oil shale economics

The various attempts to develop oil shale deposits have succeeded only when the cost of shale-oil production in a given region comes in below the price of crude oil or its other substitutes (break-even price).  The United States Department of Energy estimates that the ex-situ processing would be economic at sustained average world oil prices above US$$54 per barrel and in-situ processing would be economic at prices above $35 per barrel.  These estimates assume a return rate of 15%.[6]  The International Energy Agency estimates, based on the various pilot projects, that investment and operating costs would be similar to those of Canadian oil sands, that means would be economic at prices above $60 per barrel at current costs.  This figure does not account carbon pricing, which will add additional cost.[4]  According to the New Policies Scenario introduced in its World Energy Outlook 2010, a price of $50 per tonne of emitted CO
2, expected by 2035, will add additional $7.50 per barrel cost of shale oil.[4]

Question: How much does oil shale sell for?
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing in Japan

Ayu fishing
Tenkara fishing, a type of roach fishing
Factory ship
Artificial reefs  are used to increase the sustainable fishing activities on the coastline.
Dolphin drive hunting

Question: What percentage of Japan's land is agricultural?

Tiberius

In 31, Sejanus held the consulship with Tiberius in absentia,[76] and began his play for power in earnest. Precisely what happened is difficult to determine, but Sejanus seems to have covertly attempted to court those families who were tied to the Julians, and attempted to ingratiate himself with the Julian family line with an eye towards placing himself, as an adopted Julian, in the position of Princeps, or as a possible regent.[76] Livilla was later implicated in this plot, and was revealed to have been Sejanus's lover for a number of years.[77]

Question: Who was emperor when Jesus died?

Province of Maryland

When dissidents pressed for an established church, Caecilius Calvert's noted that Maryland settlers were "Presbyterians, Independents, Anabaptists, and Quakers, those of the Church of England as well as the Romish being the fewest ... it would be a most difficult task to draw such persons to consent unto a Law which shall compel them to maintaine ministers of a contrary perswasion to themselves."[37]

Question: When did Maryland become a colony?

History of the function concept

Nikolai Lobachevsky[23] and Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet[24] are traditionally credited with independently giving the modern "formal" definition of a function as a relation in which every first element has a unique second element.

Question: Who first introduced the concept of mathematical functions?
List of parishes in Louisiana

In the novels Little Altars Everywhere, Divine Secrets of the Ya-Ya Sisterhood, and Ya-Yas in Bloom, author Rebecca Wells created the fictional "Garnet Parish".
The movie Steel Magnolias was said to take place in the fictional "Chinquapin Parish", likely a suburban parish of Shreveport. However, the movie was shot in Natchitoches, and involved several elements of culture indicative of the town and parish of the same name. For example, the annual Christmas Festival of Lights in Natchitoches is shown, as are Cajun dance styles with a distinctive country-Cajun band. (Natchitoches is in the Crossroads region of Louisiana, where southern Louisiana's predominantly Catholic, Cajun culture meets the primarily Protestant, Anglo culture of northern Louisiana.)
Part of Walter Jon Williams' novel The Rift is set in the fictional "Spottswood Parish".
The Southern Vampire Mysteries series of novels written by Charlaine Harris and HBO's True Blood, which is based on the novels, take place in the fictional northwestern Louisiana "Renard Parish".
In the movie In the Electric Mist, Deputy Jason J. Bayard was from the fictional "St. Clare Parish".
In the DC Comics Universe, "Belle Reve Parish" is a parish in Louisiana that contains the Bell Reve Penitentiary.
In the movie The Green Mile, a fictional parish named "Trapingus Parish" is featured in the movie. The film was actually shot in Tennessee.
In the Cinemax TV series "Banshee", Chayton Littlestone is seen fighting in a fictional parish named "Sang Tholis", which is said to be in New Orleans. "Sang" is the French word for "blood", but could also be a dialect for "sans", without. "Tholis" is not a French word.
In the movie Doctor Detroit, protagonist Clifford Skridlow (played by Dan Aykroyd) appears in a Detroit court as a stereotypical (based on "Atticus Finch" in To Kill a Mockingbird) Southern attorney from "Bay Saint Louis Parish".
In the 2017 video game Resident Evil 7: Biohazard, the vast majority of the game takes place in the fictional Dulvey Parish, somewhere on the coast.
The "Faster, Baby!" DLC for Mafia III, also a 2017 video game, takes place in 'Sinclair Parish' just west of the fictional city of 'New Bordeaux', a fictional version of New Orleans set in 1968.

Question: How many parishes are there in Louisiana?

Little Albert experiment

After observing children in the field, Watson hypothesized that the fearful response of children to loud noises is an innate unconditioned response.  He wanted to test the notion that by following the principles of the procedure now known as "classical conditioning", he could use this unconditioned response to condition a child to fear a distinctive stimulus that normally would not be feared by a child (in this case, furry objects).

Question: How old was Albert in The Little Albert experiment?
The Concept of Anxiety

Kierkegaard is not concerned with what Eve's sin was, he says it wasn't sensuousness,[28] but he is concerned with how Eve learned that she was a sinner. He says "consciousness presupposes itself.[29] Eve became conscious of her first sin through her choice and Adam became conscious of his first sin through his choice. God's gift to Adam and Eve was the "knowledge of freedom" and they both decided to use it.[30] In Kierkegaard's Journals he said,  "the one thing needful" for the doctrine of Atonement to make sense was the "anguished conscience." He wrote, "Remove the anguished conscience, and you may as well close the churches and turn them into dance halls."[31]

Question: Who wrote The Concept of Anxiety: A Simple Psychologically Orienting Deliberation on the Dogmatic Issue of Hereditary Sin?

Lin Biao

Lin died when a plane carrying him and several members of his family crashed in Mongolia at 3:00 AM[80] on September 13, 1971, allegedly after attempting to assassinate Mao and defect to the Soviet Union. Following Lin's death, there has been widespread skepticism in the West concerning the official Chinese explanation, but forensic evidence conducted by the USSR (which recovered the bodies following the crash) has confirmed that Lin was among those who died in the crash.[7]

Question: When did Lin Biao become a Marshal of the People's Republic of China?

Water supply and sanitation in Zambia

In 2001, after the privatization of the state-owned mining company ZCCM, the responsibility for water supply and sanitation in the mining towns was entrusted to the private French water company SAUR under a management contract supported by the World Bank.[23] However, this remained the only case of private sector participation in the Zambian water sector. A World Bank-supported study by Severn Trent conducted in 2002 recommended that a lease contract should be signed for Lusaka, but the government did not accept the recommendation.[21]

Question: What agency controls water sanitation in Zambia?

Gibson

In the mid-1950s, the Thinline series was produced, which included a line of thinner guitars like the Byrdland. The first Byrdlands were slim, custom built, L-5 models for guitarists Billy Byrd and Hank Garland. Later, a shorter neck was added. Other models such as the ES-350T and the ES-225T were introduced as less costly alternatives.[16] In 1958, Gibson introduced the ES-335T model. Similar in size to the hollow-body Thinlines, the ES-335 family had a solid center, giving the string tone a longer sustain.

Question: When was Gibson founded?

History of the Detroit Lions

McDonough, Will (1994). 75 Seasons: The Complete Story of the National Football League. Atlanta: Turner Publishing, Inc. ISBN1-57036-056-1
Peterson, Robert W. (1997). Pigskin: The Early Years of Pro Football. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN0-19-507607-9
Willis, Chris (2010). The Man Who Built the National Football League: Joe F. Carr. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, Inc. ISBN978-0-8108-7669-9

Question: What year was the Detroit Lions team formed?
Indigenous peoples of Mexico

Oaxaca, 65.73%
Yucatán, 65.40%
Campeche, 44.54%
Quintana Roo, 44.44%
Hidalgo, 36.21%
Chiapas, 36.15%
Puebla, 35.28%
Guerrero, 33.92%
Veracruz, 29.25%
Morelos, 28.11%
Michoacán, 27.69%
Tabasco, 25.77%
Tlaxcala, 25.24%
San Luis Potosí, 23.20%
Nayarit, 22.18%
Colima, 20.43%
Querétaro, 19.17%
Sonora, 17.83%
State of Mexico, 17.00%
Baja California Sur, 14.47%
Sinaloa, 12.83%
Aguascalientes, 11.69%
Chihuahua, 11.28%
Jalisco, 11.12%
Guanajuato, 9.13%
Distrito Federal, 8.80%
Baja California, 8.54%
Durango, 7.94%
Zacatecas, 7.61%
Coahuila, 6.93%
Nuevo León, 6.88%
Tamaulipas, 6.30%

Question: How many indigenous people's are in Mexico?

Preston Watson

To execute a banked turn from flying straight and level, the rocking wing worked moderately effectively, but when the aeroplane's lateral equilibrium had been compromised, tipping the rocking wing in the opposite direction to the down-going wing to right itself had a tendency to yaw the aircraft in that direction. In effect, the rocking wing did not fully assist in correcting conditions of instability since the pilot had no means with which to induce or correct a yawing motion. Another possible reason behind the rocking wing idea not progressing beyond Watson’s experiments was that it could only be applied to relatively light and small aircraft.
[2]

Question: Where is Preston Albert Watson buried?

Wiley Post

In 1935 Post became interested in surveying a mail-and-passenger air route from the West Coast of the United States to Russia. Short on cash, he built a hybrid using parts salvaged from two different aircraft: the fuselage of an airworthy Lockheed Orion and the wings of a wrecked experimental Lockheed Explorer. The Explorer wing was six feet longer in span than the Orion's original wing, an advantage that extended the range of the hybrid aircraft. As the Explorer wing did not have retractable landing gear, it also lent itself to the fitting of floats for landing in the lakes of Alaska and Siberia. Lockheed refused to make the modifications Post requested on the grounds that the two designs were incompatible and potentially a dangerous mix, so Wiley made the changes himself.[10]

Question: Who was the first person to fly around the world?

Prime Minister of Romania

Once designated, the candidate assembles a proposal for the governing program and the cabinet. The proposal must be approved by the Parliament within ten days, through a vote of confidence process. Both the program and the cabinet membership are debated by the Parliament in a joint session of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate. The proposal is accepted only if a majority of all Deputies and Senators approves.[3]

Question: Who is the current Prime Minister of Romania?

Agriculture in China

Despite rapid growth in output, the Chinese agricultural sector still faces several challenges. Farmers in several provinces, such as Shandong, Zhejiang, Anhui, Liaoning, and Xinjiang often have a hard time selling their agricultural products to customers due to a lack of information about current conditions.[38]

Question: What is the most abundant crop in China?
Empire (2015 TV series)

A.Z. Kelsey as Jeff Kingsley (season 5-present)

Question: How many seasons has Empire been on the air?

Cold-pressed juice

There are laws and regulations governing the production and distribution of raw juice that vary widely by region. In the United States, the US Food and Drug Administration prohibits wholesale distribution of raw juice, stating that it may only be sold directly to consumers.[11] In order to sell juice wholesale, the juice must undergo a process that achieves a "5 log reduction in bacterial plate count."[12] The process must reduce the amount of microorganisms by 100,000 times. There are several processes available that can achieve a 5-log reduction, including heat pasteurization and ultraviolet light filtering, but the most common process in the cold-pressed juice industry is HPP.[2]

Question: What is the cold-pressed juice process?

Penn State Nittany Lions football

Several lawsuits were filed against NCAA related to the levy of penalties. In September 2014 the NCAA, under the auspices of favorable reports from Mitchell, announced that Penn State would be eligible for the 2014 postseason and all scholarships restored in 2015.[100] The team's wins and records that had previously been vacated due to the scandal were restored, pending full approval, as part of a legal settlement in January 2015.[101][102]

Question: How old is the Penn State Nittany Lions football team?

Asian conical hat

In Chinese, it is called dǒulì (斗笠), literally meaning a "one-dǒu bamboo hat", (笠帽, 竹笠). It is known as sugegasa(菅笠) in Japan, do'un (ដួន) in Cambodia, koup (ກຸບ) in Laos, khamauk (ခမောက်) in Myanmar, terendak in Malaysia, caping in Indonesia, and salakot in the Philippines. In Korean, the hat is called satgat (삿갓) or gaerip (개립, 蓋笠).

Question: What is the pointy Chinese hat called?

Longest words

The Bulgarian online  etymological dictionary claims that longest word in Bulgarian to be the 39-letter-long непротивоконституционствувателствувайте (neprotivokonstitutsionstvuvatelstvuvayte),  introduced in the Constitution of Bulgaria of 1947 (Dimitrov Constitution). [5] The word means "do not perform actions against the constitution" (addressed to more than one person).

Question: What is the longest word in German?

Alpine skiing at the Winter Olympics

The giant slalom was introduced at the 1950 World Championships and at the Olympics in 1952; both programs dropped the combined event, but it returned in 1954 at the World Championships as a "paper" race, using the results of the slalom, giant slalom, and downhill. At the Olympics from 1956 through 1980, World Championship medals were awarded by the FIS in the combined event. It returned as a stand-alone event (one run of downhill, two runs of slalom) at the Olympics in 1988, which also debuted the one-run super-G. The combined event was run on an FIS points system at the Olympics through 1992, then was changed to total time of the three runs. The super combined debuted in 2010, which reduced the slalom portion to one run and the event to one day.

Question: When did skiing become an Olympic sport?
Hafez

Although he hardly ever traveled outside Shiraz, in one tale, Tamerlane (Timur) angrily summoned Hafez to account for one of his verses:

Question: When was Hafiz the poet born?

Submarine warfare

Hackmann, Willem. Seek & Strike: Sonar, anti-submarine warfare and the Royal Navy 1914–54. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1984. ISBN0-11-290423-8

Question: When were submarines introduced in warfare?

Politics of the United Kingdom

A major SNP manifesto pledge was to hold a referendum on Scottish Independence, which was duly granted by the UK Government and held on 18 September 2014. When the nationalists came to power in 2011, opinion polls placed support for independence at around 31%, but in 2014, 45% voted to leave the union. In the wake of the referendum defeat, membership of the SNP surged to over 100,000, overtaking the Liberal Democrats as the third largest political party in the UK by membership, and in the general election of May 2015 the SNP swept the board and took 56 of the 59 Westminster constituencies in Scotland (far surpassing their previous best of 11 seats in the late 1970s) and winning more than 50% of the Scottish vote.

Question: Is England a democracy or monarchy?

Ciprofloxacin

The other black box warning is that ciprofloxacin should not be used in people with myasthenia gravis due to possible exacerbation of muscle weakness which may lead to breathing problems resulting in death or ventilator support. Fluoroquinolones are known to block neuromuscular transmission.[26] There are concerns that fluoroquinolones including ciprofloxacin can affect cartilage in young children.[51]

Question: When was Cipro introduced?

Religious male circumcision

In the Gospel of  Jesus is reported as giving this response to those who criticized him for healing on the Sabbath: "If a man on the sabbath day receive circumcision, that the law of Moses should not be broken; are ye angry at me, because I have made a man every whit whole on the sabbath day?" This passage has been seen as a comment on the Rabbinic belief that circumcision heals the penis (Jerusalem Bible, note to ) or as a criticism of circumcision. [54]

Question: At what age is circumcision typically performed in the Jewish tradition?

Genetically modified crops

The researchers considered some studies that were not peer-reviewed and a few that did not report sample sizes. They attempted to correct for publication bias, by considering sources beyond academic journals. The large data set allowed the study to control for potentially confounding variables such as fertilizer use. Separately, they concluded that the funding source did not influence study results.[96]

Question: What was the first genetically modified crop plant?