copenlu/tydiqa_copenlu huggingface dataset:
History of the Falkland Islands

Following the departure of the Spanish settlers, the Falkland Islands became the domain of whalers and sealers who used the islands to shelter from the worst of the South Atlantic weather. By merit of their location, the Falkland Islands have often been the last refuge for ships damaged at sea. Most numerous among those using the islands were British and American sealers, where typically between 40 and 50 ships were engaged in exploiting fur seals. This represents an itinerant population of up to 1,000 sailors.

Question: Who first colonized the Falkland Islands?

stay night

Fate/stay night's gameplay requires little interaction from the player as most of the game's duration is spent on reading the text that appears, representing either dialogue  between the characters or the inner thoughts of the protagonist. Often, players will come to a "decision point" where they are given the chance to choose from options displayed on the screen, typically two to three at a time. The time between these decision points is variable and during these times, gameplay pauses until a choice is made that furthers the plot in a specific direction. There are three main plot lines that the player will have the chance to experience, one for each of the heroines in the story. To view all three plot lines, the player will have to replay the game multiple times and choose different choices during the decision points to progress the plot in an alternate direction.

Question: When was Fate/stay night first released as an adult game for Windows?

Hispanic

The common modern term to identify Portuguese and Spanish cultures under a single nomenclature is "Iberian", and the one to refer to cultures derived from both countries in the Americas is "Iberian-American". These designations can be mutually recognized by people in Portugal and Brazil, unlike "Hispanic", which is totally void of any self-identification in those countries, and quite on the opposite, serves the purpose of marking a clear distinction in relation to neighboring countries´ culture.

Question: What does Hispanic mean?

History of Tibet (1950–present)

According to Barry Sautman, 92–94% of ethnic Tibetans speak Tibetan. Among those who do not are small Tibetan minorities in areas such as Qinghai. Primary school instruction is conducted almost exclusively in Tibetan, but instruction is bilingual from secondary school onward.

Question: Who rules Tibet?

History of Zionism

Although 500,000 Russian Jews were serving in the Russian army, the Russian leadership regarded all Jews as their enemies and assumed that most were avoiding the draft. In 1914–1915 500,000 Jews were ordered to leave their homes in the Pale of Settlement, mostly with less than 24 hours notice. An estimated 100,000 died of starvation and exposure and their plight contributed to the disintegration of the Russian army.[54]

Question: Where did Zionism originate?
Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)

In June 2014, Walt Disney Pictures announced that a live-action film adaptation of the original film was in the works, with Bill Condon directing and Evan Spiliotopoulos writing the script.[122][123] Condon originally planned on not only drawing inspiration from the original film, but also to include most, if not all, of the Menken/Rice songs from the Broadway musical, with the intention of making the film as a "straight-forward, live-action, large-budget movie musical".[124] In September 2014, it was announced that Stephen Chbosky (The Perks of Being a Wallflower) would re-write the script.[125] In January 2015, Emma Watson announced on her Facebook page that she would portray Belle in the new live action remake film.[126] In March 2015, Dan Stevens, Luke Evans, Emma Thompson, Josh Gad, Audra McDonald, and Kevin Kline joined the film as the Beast, Gaston, Mrs. Potts, Lefou, Garderobe, and Maurice, respectively.[127][128][129][130] The following month, Ian McKellen, Ewan McGregor, Stanley Tucci, and Gugu Mbatha-Raw joined the cast, as Cogsworth, Lumière, Cadenza, and Plumette, respectively.[131][132][133][134] Composer Alan Menken returned to score the film's music, with new material written by Menken and Tim Rice.[135] In June 2015, Menken said the film would not include the songs that were written for the Broadway musical.[136] Filming began on May 18, 2015 in London, and production officially wrapped in August 2015.[137][138] The film was released on March 17, 2017.[139]

Question: When was Walt Disney Pictures' animated feature film Beauty and the Beast released in theaters?

Embryo transfer

In the process of zygote intrafallopian transfer (ZIFT), eggs are removed from the woman, fertilised, and then placed in the woman's fallopian tubes rather than the uterus.


Question: When was the first embryo transfer performed?

Telescope

A telescope mount is a mechanical structure which supports a telescope. Telescope mounts are designed to support the mass of the telescope and allow for accurate pointing of the instrument. Many sorts of mounts have been developed over the years, with the majority of effort being put into systems that can track the motion of the stars as the Earth rotates. The two main types of tracking mount are:

Question: What is a telescope?

U.S. Route 20

In 2012, the Historic US Route 20 Association was formed to identify, promote and preserve the history of the route and original alignments that were once signed "Route 20" from Boston to Newport.[8]

Question: What's the longest highway in America?
History of Georgetown University

The role of the Society of Jesus in the school's operation has evolved from that of founders and financiers to faculty and advisers. Their focus on liberal studies and religious pluralism have helped to give the school its identity. Georgetown was also affected by its times, including the American Civil War, which disrupted the growing school and significantly changed its student body. University presidents like Patrick Francis Healy modernized the institution into an active research university with several graduate and undergraduate schools, and oversaw the expansion of educational opportunities on campus, around the city, and abroad.

Question: When was Georgetown University founded?

Gendarmerie Intelligence Organization

Two series of articles in pro-Kurdish newspapers:

Question: When was the Jandarma İstihbarat ve Terörle Mücadele formed?

India (given name)

India Allen
India Arie
India de Beaufort
India Catalina
India Crago Harris, American diplomat, lawyer and patron of the arts
India Edwards
India Eisley
India Ennenga
India Fisher
India Hicks
India Jane Birley
India Knight
India Scandrick
India Nikit Lathon, American musiciam
India Willoughby, English journalist and newsreader
India Summer
India Morgan, Dancer
India Rhodes,Daughter Of South African International Cricket Player Jonty Rhodes

Question: How India was given its name?

UFO (TV series)

UFO also featured episodes dealing with issues that would become topical in later years, such as space junk and the disposal of toxic waste.

Question: When did the first episode of the TV show UFO air?

Franklin's electrostatic machine

Franklin invented the lightning rod based on what he learned from experiments with his electrostatic machine. [11][41] Franklin and his associates observed that pointed objects were more effective than blunt objects at "drawing off" and "throwing off" sparks from static electricity.[12][42] This discovery was first reported by Hopkinson.[19] Franklin wondered if this discovery could be used in a practical invention. [43] He thought something could be made to attract the electricity out of storm clouds, but first he had to verify that lightning bolts really are giant electric sparks.[43] He wrote Collinson and Cadwallader Colden letters about this theory.[44] The 1752, Franklin letter to Collinson of October 19 of the kite experiment is noted by historian LeMay as a basis how it proved that lightning was electricity.[45] Tom Tucker of the Isothermal Community College doubts the account, however, because of ambiguities in the account and points that out in his book Bolt of Fate: Benjamin Franklin and his Electric Kite Hoax.[46][47] Others disagree with this view, arguing that Franklin would not make up such a fake story because he valued the integrity of the scientific community.[48][49]

Question: When was the electrostatic machine invented?
Pilot (Preacher)

Charlie Collier, President of AMC, SundanceTV and AMC Studios, stated, "What has been achieved in front of and behind the camera with Preacher, which arrives as one of the top cable premieres this season and looks like nothing else on television, is also astounding. We can't wait to share the rest of this remarkable season with fans everywhere. It IS the time of the preacher, and the lesson's begun."[12] Collier in an interview with Advertising Age stated, "I think fans will watch Preacher multiple times. Just like a good film, you can watch it from different angles, and that takes time."[96]

Question: When did the first episode of the TV series Preacher originally air?

Toy balloon

Toy balloons are often characterized with its distinctive noises if manipulated in some ways. These noises include:

Question: Who made the first rubber balloon?

List of The Red Green Show episodes

Primary star Harold Green (Patrick McKenna) saw reduced screen time this season. In the story he got a job in the city. Red would briefly visit him in his office from time to time.
Segments that Harold hosted prior, like the "Possum Lodge Word Game" and "The Experts" would now be hosted by either Mike Hamar, Dalton Humphrey or Winston Rothschild III. The show open, also emceed by Harold, would feature Red walking into the lodge with no announced intro for the rest of the series.
Bill Smith (Rick Green) would also leave the series for four years; the "Adventures with Bill" segment would ultimately continue with Walter (Joel Harris) and/or with Mike, Dalton or Winston and was simply called "Adventures."

Question: How many episodes does The Red Green Show have?

Zambian kwacha

1 First Issued, refers to the year of first issue of the actual banknote from the same emission.

2 Last Issued: refers to the year of last issue of the actual banknote from the same emission.

Question: What is the official currency in Zambia?
Smilodon

An apex predator, Smilodon primarily hunted large mammals. Isotopes preserved in the bones of S.fatalis in the La Brea Tar Pits reveal that ruminants like bison (Bison antiquus, which was much larger than the modern American bison) and camels (Camelops) were most commonly taken by the cats there.[38] In addition, isotopes preserved in the tooth enamel of S.gracilis specimens from Florida show that this species fed on the peccary Platygonus and the llama-like Hemiauchenia.[39] In rare cases, Smilodon may have also targeted glyptodonts, based on a Glyptotherium skull that bears elliptical puncture marks[40] consistent with the size and diameter of its canine teeth.[41] This was a juvenile glyptodont with an incompletely developed cephalic shield (head armor).[40] Isotopic studies of dire wolf (Canis dirus) and American lion (Panthera leo atrox) bones show an overlap with S.fatalis in prey, which suggests that they were competitors.[38] The availability of prey in the Rancho La Brea area was likely comparable to modern East Africa.[42] As Smilodon migrated to South America, its diet changed; bison were absent, the horses and proboscideans were different, and native ungulates such as toxodonts and litopterns were completely unfamiliar, yet S.populator thrived as well there as its relatives in North America.[13] The differences between the North and South American species may be due to the difference in prey between the two continents.[8] Smilodon probably avoided eating bone and would have left enough food for scavengers.[43] Smilodon itself may have scavenged dire wolf kills.[44] It has been suggested that Smilodon was a pure scavenger that used its canines for display to assert dominance over carcasses, but this theory is not supported today as no modern terrestrial mammals are pure scavengers.[45]

Question: When was the Smilodon discovered?

Tropical cyclone naming

Tropical cyclones that occur within the Northern Hemisphere between the anti-meridian and 100°E are officially named by the Japan Meteorological Agency when they become tropical storms.[2] However, PAGASA also names tropical cyclones that occur or develop into tropical depressions within their self-defined area of responsibility between 5°N–25°N and 115°E-135°E.[3] This often results in tropical cyclones in the region having two names.[3]

Question: When did the convention of hurricane naming begin?

Rachel

During Jacob's stay, he fell in love with Rachel and agreed to work seven years for Laban in return for her hand in marriage. On the night of the wedding, the bride was veiled and Jacob did not notice that Leah, Rachel's older sister, had been substituted for Rachel. Whereas "Rachel was lovely in form and beautiful", "Leah had tender eyes".[5] Later Jacob confronted Laban, who excused his own deception by insisting that the older sister should marry first. He assured Jacob that after his wedding week was finished, he could take Rachel as a wife as well, and work another seven years as payment for her. When God "saw that Leah was unloved, he opened her womb" (Gen 29:31), and she gave birth to four sons.

Question: When is Rachel first mentioned in the Bible?
Light therapy

Light therapy is considered one of the best monotherapy treatments for atopic dermatitis (AD), when applied to patients who have not responded to traditional topical treatments. The therapy offers a wide range of options: UVA1 for acute AD, NB-UVB for chronic AD, and balneophototherapy have proven their efficacy over the recent past. Patients tolerate the therapy safely but, as in any therapy, there are adverse effects and care should be taken in its application, particularly to children.[3]

Question: How is infrared light used in therapy?

Irish Army

The Transport Corps is responsible for procurement, management and maintenance of soft skinned vehicles, and maintenance of armoured vehicles. It is also responsible for the driving standards, training and certification, as well as providing vehicle fuels and lubricants, and certain logistics - such as heavy lift capabilities.

Question: How big is Ireland's military?

Machine gun

Many heavy machine guns, such as the Browning M2 .50 caliber machine gun, are accurate enough to engage targets at great distances. During the Vietnam War, Carlos Hathcock set the record for a long-distance shot at 7,382ft (2,250m) with a .50 caliber heavy machine gun he had equipped with a telescopic sight.[3] This led to the introduction of .50 caliber anti-materiel sniper rifles, such as the Barrett M82.

Question: Who invented the first machine gun?

Demographics of Nigeria

The high crime rate among Nigerian migrants also leads to stereotyping Nigerians as criminals; thus, in Cameroon, Nigerian migrants are perceived collectively by the inhabitants of Cameroon as likely to be oil smugglers or dealers in stolen cars. In the Netherlands, the debate on Nigerian crime reached an intensity described as a "moral panic" by one scholar.[36][37] In Switzerland, the crime rate of Nigerian young males was reported as 620% that of Swiss males in same age group (2009 data), the second highest crime rate of any nationality, just below that of  Angolan nationals (at 630%).[38]

Question: How many people live in Nigeria?

Scheherazade (Rimsky-Korsakov)

Notably, American figure skater Evan Lysacek used Scheherazade in his free skate and won the gold medal at 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver.[17] It was also used by American ice dancers Charlie White and Meryl Davis in their free dance, with which they won the gold medal at 2014 Winter Olympics.[18]

Question: When was Scheherezade composed by Rimsky-Korsakov?
Fall Line Freeway

The roadway that would eventually become SR540 (Fall Line Freeway) was established at least as early as 1919 as part of SR22 in the northern part of the Columbus area, SR49 from Fort Valley to Byron, SR24 in the western part of the Sandersville area, and an unnumbered road from Wrens to Augusta.[3] By the end of 1921, SR22 was shifted southward to travel between Columbus and Geneva. SR19 was established from Macon to East Macon. SR57 was established between East Macon and Gordon. SR24 was placed on the Wrens–Augusta segment.[3][6] By October 1926, US80 was designated on the Columbus–Geneva segment. US1 was designated on the Wrens–Augusta segment.[6][7] By October 1929, SR24 was removed from the Wrens–Augusta segment and was replaced with SR4.[7][8] In 1931, SR96 was established between Geneva and Reynolds.[9][10] In 1937, SR96 was shifted to the southeast, onto the Reynolds–Fort Valley segment.[11][12] Between January 1945 and November 1946, SR243 was designated between Gordon to south-southwest of Milledgeville.[13][14] Between June 1960 and June 1963, I-75 was proposed in the Byron area. An unnumbered road was built from SR171 northwest of Louisville to Wrens.[15][16] By 1966, I-75 was completed from Byron to the I-475 interchange and proposed from there to the I-16 interchange. I-16 was proposed in Macon. SR88 was established on the Sandersville–Wrens segment.[16][17] In 1966, I-16 was completed in Macon.[17][18] The next year, US80/SR22 was proposed to be shifted southward in the Macon area.[18][19]

Question: When was the Fall Line Freeway constructed?

Angkor Wat

The modern name, Angkor Wat (Khmer: អង្គរវត្ត) (alternate name: Nokor Wat, Khmer: នគរវត្ត),[7] means "Temple City" or "City of Temples" in Khmer; Angkor (Khmer: អង្គរ) meaning "city" or "capital city", is a vernacular form of the word nokor (Khmer: នគរ), which comes from the Sanskrit word nagara (Devanāgarī: नगर).[8] Wat (Khmer: វត្ត) is the Khmer word for "temple grounds", also derived from Sanskrit vāṭa (Devanāgarī: वाट), meaning "enclosure".[9]

Question: What does the name Angkor Wat mean?

Mickey Mouse

Mickey has been announced to star in two films. One is a live-action/CGI hybrid film based on the Magic Kingdom theme park at the Walt Disney World Resort,[107] while the other is a film idea pitched by Walt Disney Animation Studios veteran Burny Mattinson centering on Mickey, Donald, and Goofy.[38]

Question: What was the first Mickey Mouse film?

History of supernova observation

On 16 March 2012, a Type II supernova, designated as SN 2012aw, was discovered in M95.[64][65][66]

Question: When was the last recorded supernova?
Standardized test

Prior to their adoption, standardized testing was not traditionally a part of Western pedagogy; based on the skeptical and open-ended tradition of debate inherited from Ancient Greece, Western academia favored non-standardized assessments using essays written by students. It is because of this, that the first European implementation of standardized testing did not occur in Europe proper, but in British India.[8] Inspired by the Chinese use of standardized testing, in the early 19th century, British "company managers hired and promoted employees based on competitive examinations in order to prevent corruption and favoritism."[8] This practice of standardized testing was later adopted in the late 19th century by the British mainland. The parliamentary debates that ensued made many references to the "Chinese mandarin system".[7]

Question: When were standardized tests introduced in American schools?

University of Ottawa

Students may apply for financial aid such as the Ontario Student Assistance Program and Canada Student Loans and Grants through the federal and provincial governments. Aid may come in the form of loans, grants, bursaries, scholarships, fellowships, debt reduction, interest relief and work programs.[120] In 2011-2012, the university provided $71.458 million in financial aid and scholarships.[121]

Question: When was the University of Ottawa founded?

Factory

Production of the Supermarine Spitfire at its parent company's base at Woolston, Southampton was vulnerable to enemy attack as a high-profile target and was well within range of Luftwaffe bombers. Indeed, on 26 September 1940 this facility was completely destroyed by an enemy bombing raid. Supermarine had already established a plant at Castle Bromwich; this action prompted them to further disperse Spitfire production around the country with many premises being requisitioned by the British Government.[30]

Question: Where was the first factory in the Industrial Revolution?
Heinz Steinitz

Lake Kinneret is the largest aboveground freshwater reservoir in Israel. The lake is fed mainly by the Jordan River down-flowing from Lake Hula and the Hula valley. Two development projects in the 1950s profoundly impacted the ecosystem of Lake Kinneret: (i) Lake Hula and its marshland were drained and dried, and the soil revealed was converted to farmland. Consequently, the mineral salts composition of the water entering into Lake Kinneret was altered significantly. (ii) A water carrier was constructed and great amounts of drinking water began to be pumped and conducted from Lake Kinneret to central and south Israel. Science-based sustainable management of the lake's water quantity and quality, including understanding of the lake's biota as part of its ecosystem, became necessary. Steinitz chaired a joint committee of Mekorot (the national water company of Israel and the country's top agency for water management) and Tahal (TAHAL Group, the major provider of infrastructure development water projects), coordinating multidisciplinary investigation of Lake Kinneret. In parallel, The Kinneret Limnological Laboratory as part of Israel Oceanographic Limnological Research was founded in 1968. Ensuing research of the physical, chemical, biological and environmental components of the lake's ecosystem continuously supports intelligent management of this important national freshwater resource.[26]

Question: When was Heinz Steinitz born?

Express Yourself (Madonna song)

This one I had the most amount of input. I oversaw everything—the building of the sets, everyone's costumes, I had meetings with make-up and hair and the cinematographer, everybody. Casting, finding the right cat—just every aspect. Kind of like making a little movie. We basically sat down and just threw out all every idea we could possibly conceive of and of all the things we wanted. All the imagery we wanted—and I had a few set ideas, for instance the cat and the idea of Metropolis. I definitely wanted to have that influence, that look on all the men—the workers, diligently, methodically working away.[55]

Question: When did Madonna release the song "Express Yourself"?

Fantasy football (American)

Additionally, fantasy football team managers pour money into the industry themselves. Many fantasy leagues require an entry fee, which is used to fund prizes for the league winners.[33] These fees and their resulting payoffs are typically small and represent more of a transfer of wealth between players than contributions to the overall economy. However, fantasy football team managers are also more likely to spend on other industries. When compared to non-fantasy sports fans, team managers are significantly more likely to purchase alcohol, airline tickets, and sports magazines. They are also more likely to purchase fast food and soft drinks.

Question: What's fantasy football?