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Gone are the days when you have to wait in a long queue to get your doctor’s consultation. Today, machine learning in healthcare has become an important aspect for all those clinics and healthcare institutes that seek to enhance care delivery.
Whether we talk about clinical decision support systems, custom telemedicine apps, or even healthcare fraud detection systems, machine learning applications in healthcare have become a vital aspect of the global market. Machine learning applications in healthcare combine millions of humans’ power to empower and reinvent core fields like medicine and diagnostics for better healthcare facilities.
Do you still have doubts about the benefits of ML in healthcare? Don’t worry, we have got you covered! In today’s post, we will discover different ways in which machine learning is transforming the healthcare industry.
From visual assistants to discovering new drugs, how machine learning in healthcare has become an important healthcare sector!
Top 6 Ways in Which Machine Learning in Healthcare is Becoming a Global Trend
Here are the top 6 ways through which machine learning in healthcare is becoming a global trend. We hope you can get a clear picture of how to implement custom machine learning solutions in your healthcare institute.
1. New Drug Discovery
One of the consistent and evergreen complaints about the healthcare industry is that there aren’t enough drugs to cure the world’s new-growing diseases. Many conspiracy theories believe that this results from pharmaceutical companies preferring to stick with current patents and sell off the old medicines in the market.
However, the truth is that it costs billions to research and develop new and effective drugs for new and ever-growing diseases. Even for the treatment of a single disease, thousands of compounds and vaccines have to study. Many of them are then sent to the labs, and then, out of those, two or three are finalized.
Hence, all that is a complicated and tedious process for the healthcare industry. But, hopefully, machine learning will make the discovery of new drugs easier for pharma companies. Unlike human ways, a machine learning system learns from past activities and can quickly determine which compounds would best treat a specific disease.
2. Better Diagnostic Tools
Another excellent use case of machine learning in healthcare is better diagnostic tools. Today, many leading hospitals use hi-tech environments and are run by expensive machines and the trained staff that know how to use them. The healthcare institutes today are no longer restricted from accessing the hi-tech healthcare tools for better diagnosis. Thanks to the growth of machine learning in healthcare, hospitals have now steadily shifted to a more automated environment where diagnoses can be made quickly and accurately. Here’s how machine learning in healthcare works!
We all know that hospitals produce enormous data every year, a lot of which consists of medical images and other critical reports. Unfortunately, many of them don’t have the means to record and analyze all of this data. But, it can be analyzed with the help of a custom machine learning solution. The gathered insights from a machine learning solution could then be used to understand the human condition better.
3. NLP For Customer Service
Today, all types of public health organizations are overwhelmed with more patients than ever before. Many of the leading ones were already prepared, but few were not ready for such a huge increase in patients. That’s where AI and ML in healthcare come to play!
With cloud-based AI and machine learning models, the hospitals and clinics could now answer all the patient’s queries without any delay. Moreover, with the help of RPA, many repetitive medical tasks could also be managed without any human assistance.
The ML technology even allows the healthcare institutes to optimize their approach to answering/prioritizing inquiries based on everything from the voice’s distress to the voice’s age. And while they’re smart, many of these APIs are engineered with privacy in mind. They don’t store private data, helping ensure patient confidentiality.
4. Virtual Assistants
A virtual machine is not a new term, but its growth in the healthcare sector is a completely new trend. Today, machine learning in healthcare is constantly helping the industry become more effective, eradicating the need for constant professional support and moving toward a future where a virtual assistant will ultimately provide help.
Custom AI-based chatbots and ML-powered virtual assistants are actively being used by leading healthcare institutes and hospitals to provide efficient assistance to old, infirm, or living in far rural areas. These citizens use applications like telemedicine apps or doctor consultation software based on smart AI algorithms to connect to virtual health assistants known as Intelligent Virtual Assistants (IVA) or Medical Virtual Assistants (MVA).
These smart assistants offer nearly the same level of care they would receive if they were sitting in the doctor’s office.
Hence, it can be said that machine learning in healthcare, at their core, creates a bridge between the patient and the doctor. The technology allows the former to receive help and give the letter a chance to provide that help without wasting their time making and keeping appointments.
5. To Find New Cure
With each passing year, we humans try to eliminate all the market’s major issues, but a new pandemic always makes our efforts in vain. That’s why new and advanced technology is needed that is capable enough to help us find and eliminate the new pandemic at a very early stage. Here comes machine learning in healthcare!
Machine learning in healthcare helps the researchers find new cures, but it also helps to find out how the formulated drugs can cure the existing diseases.
One such leading example of this is Daniel Cohen. His pharma company Pharnext uses machine learning applications to analyze current medications’ effects and use them to create new treatments. The company believes that by drafting machine learning in healthcare, they could create more advanced combinations faster than ever before.
With this approach, it’s clear that machine learning is the future and makes huge advancements in the healthcare industry.
6. Patient Data Privacy
Like every coin has two sides, the same can be said for machine learning in healthcare. One such aspect is patient data-privacy! Patient data has been a very critical concern for the healthcare industry for quite some now. The hackers access the patient’s information to raise the wrong claims or hack into their medical records and order irrelevant medicines. However, the scenario is very different today!
With the rise of machine learning in healthcare, organizations are better equipped to ensure patient data privacy. Like De-identification, many leading initiatives have been actively adopted by many leading healthcare institutes to protect the data and simultaneously make it useful for machine learning models. For instance, Google Cloud Healthcare API can detect sensitive data, such as protected health information (PHI), and mask, delete, or otherwise obscure it.
So, those were some of the ways through which machine learning in healthcare is gaining popularity. It is not to mention that this list is incomplete as change is the only constant in today’s digital world. So we need to know all the trends, but following some of them that are suitable for our agency/institute may prove beneficial both in terms of efficiency and cost-savings.
Do you have more questions? Whether you want to know more or looking for a reliable technology partner, we at Matellio are always here to help you. With our years-long experience and access to best-in-class technology tools, we ensure to make your digital transformation process the best in the market. Our certified healthcare experts and engineers strive to deliver an error-free and cost-effective software solution/mobile app catering to all your needs. Reach us today to get all the information on machine learning services in your healthcare sector. Plus, avail your free consultation from our experts by clicking this link!
Till then, Happy Reading!
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Choose Maven For Your Rabbit Dental Care
Rabbit's teeth continue to grow throughout their lives, which allows them to grind down course feed substances such as grass and plants in the wild. Many domestic rabbits are fed a mixture of hay and commercially available diets. Commercially available diets are lower in fibre and higher in protein, fat and energy. This means that rabbits quickly achieve their nutritional requirements, unlike in the wild when they would need to graze all day and forage to meet the same energy intake from food. This can not only lead to obesity and boredom, but it can also lead to dental disease due to lack of wear of the teeth. Less time grinding and a lower intake of indigestible fibre can lead to the formation of molar spurs, which if severe, and allowed to progress, can cause tongue and cheek lacerations.
This can also cause secondary issues as indigestible fibre and chewing also promotes gastrointestinal motility, so diets low in fibre and higher in carbohydrates (such as muesli or pelleted diets) can cause the gut motility to slow.
Rabbits are hindgut fermenters, meaning that they rely on bacteria within their hindgut to break down and absorb food. Changing the pH and microflora can therefore lead to diarrhoea, gut stasis and, unfortunately, in some cases, death. For this reason, diet is an important factor in keeping your rabbit healthy and happy.
What signs may I notice at home that may indicate my rabbit has dental disease?
- reduced appetite, or not eating at all
- reduced number of faecal pellets produced
- reduced or inability to ingest caecotrophs – leading to a 'messy bum.'
- runny eyes
- hypersalivation and drooling
- facial swelling due to secondary dental abscess.
If you detect any of the above signs your rabbit will most likely require rabbit dental care. If this is the case then please contact the Maven Veterinary Practice team to make an appointment for a vet to examine your rabbit as soon as possible.
Detection of Rabbit Dental Diseases
If the front teeth (incisors) are too long, these can be shortened, this is usually performed on a conscious rabbit, but this depends on temperament.
If there is malalignment of the incisors (meaning that they don't contact each other when closed), then shortening the teeth may provide a temporary fix, but the extraction of all incisors may be more appropriate to prevent the need for regular burring – this is something your vet would advise you on. If your vet suspects there is spurring (sharp edges) of the back-cheek teeth (molars), a general anaesthetic will be required to facilitate a thorough examination and treatment.
What can I do to help prevent dental disease?
Feed a well-balanced diet high in fibre; a rabbit's diet should be mainly made up of hay (80-85%). As a guide, this means that a rabbit should eat their body size in hay a day. This increases grinding, dental wear and promotes gut movement.
Pellet foods are advised over a mixed muesli as rabbits will pick their favourite parts of the food, often leaving the most nutritional parts. Feed a maximum of one tablespoon per day for dwarf and standard rabbits and two tablespoons for giant breeds.
Does your rabbit require rabbit dental care? | <urn:uuid:42b21e57-3fa0-4fa4-8997-8759f9be01a9> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.mavenvets.co.uk/services/dentistry/rabbit-dental-care | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.941159 | 705 | 2.90625 | 3 |
(See also Lacerations Lacerations Lacerations are tears in soft body tissue. Care of lacerations Enables prompt healing Minimizes risk of infection Optimizes cosmetic results read more and How To Cleanse, Irrigate, Debride, and Dress Wounds How To Cleanse, Irrigate, Debride, and Dress Wounds Wound hygiene (eg, cleansing, irrigation, and debridement), including thorough examination of the wound and surrounding tissues, promotes uncomplicated healing of traumatic skin wounds and is... read more ).
Indications for Simple Interrupted Sutures
Wounds sufficiently deep that they would heal with excess scarring if not closed
Wounds having edges that can be satisfactorily approximated using these sutures
Wounds that are relatively recent and uncontaminated
Contraindications for Simple Interrupted Sutures
Simple interrupted sutures should not be the sole method for closing wounds under high tension; for these wounds, other measures, such as buried deep dermal sutures How To Do Plastic Surgical Repair With Buried Deep Dermal Sutures Deep dermal sutures (which begin and end at the bottom of the wound so that the knot is deeply buried) can be used to appose the dermis and hypodermis of wounds under tension in cosmetically... read more or undermining, may be necessary prior to epidermal closure.
Sutures of any type may be contraindicated for wounds that are contaminated, relatively old, or that would be at higher risk of infection if closed by sutures, such as small bites to hands or feet, puncture wounds, or high-velocity missile wounds.
Wounds involving deep structures (eg, nerves, blood vessels, ducts, joints, tendons, bones) and those covering large areas or involving the face or hands may require specific repair techniques or referral to a surgical specialist.
Complications of Simple Interrupted Sutures
Cutting or scarring of skin due to pressure on the skin from the sutures
Ischemia and necrosis due to excessively tight sutures
Equipment for Simple Interrupted Sutures
Wound hygiene and closure techniques need not be sterile procedures. Although instruments that touch the wound (eg, forceps, needles, suture) must be sterile, clean nonsterile gloves as well as clean but not sterile water may be used in immunocompetent patients. Some operators prefer the better fit and better barrier protection of sterile gloves.
Clean procedure, barrier protection
Face mask and safety glasses (or a face shield), head caps, gowns, gloves
Sterile drapes, towels (for wound debridement and suturing)
Antiseptic solution (eg, chlorhexidine, povidone-iodine)
Sterile gauze squares (eg, 10 cm × 10 cm [4 inch × 4 inch])
Needle driver, toothed forceps or tissue hook, scissors, and suture material (typically, a nonabsorbable monofilament suture). For detailed discussion of the various types and sizes of suture material, refer to Lacerations Lacerations Lacerations are tears in soft body tissue. Care of lacerations Enables prompt healing Minimizes risk of infection Optimizes cosmetic results read more .
Sometimes splints or other materials (for aftercare) to restrict motion or skin tension that may pull on the sutures
Materials used to dress the wound
Additional Considerations for Simple Interrupted Sutures
Wound tissue is vulnerable to further injury during any aspect of cleansing and closure. Never grasp the wound edges with a hemostat because doing so can crush the tissue; instead, use a tissue forceps or tissue hook when lifting and everting the wound edges.
Use only a needle driver (not a hemostat or forceps) for placing sutures because a driver holds a needle most securely without damaging it.
Excessive tension on the repaired laceration increases the degree of wound scarring.
Positioning for Simple Interrupted Sutures
Position the patient comfortably reclined or supine.
Adjust the stretcher height so that you will be comfortable sitting or standing at the bedside.
With lengthy lacerations, position yourself so that the laceration is roughly parallel to the front of your body.
The laceration should be well lit, preferably with an overhead procedure light.
Step-by-Step Description of Interrupted Sutures
(See How To Cleanse, Irrigate, Debride, and Dress Wounds How To Cleanse, Irrigate, Debride, and Dress Wounds Wound hygiene (eg, cleansing, irrigation, and debridement), including thorough examination of the wound and surrounding tissues, promotes uncomplicated healing of traumatic skin wounds and is... read more for step-by-step descriptions of wound preparation, anesthesia, and dressing.)
Cleanse, anesthetize, irrigate, and debride the wound as necessary.
Place a sterile fenestrated drape over the wound. Place additional drapes nearby as needed to provide a large enough sterile work area.
Handling the instruments
Hold the needle driver in your dominant hand, with your index finger extended along the side. This grip gives the most control. Some experts recommend not putting your fingers in the finger holes of the needle driver while placing sutures; doing so can make it harder to insert the needle perpendicular to the skin. However, you may place your fingers in the holes when releasing the needle from the driver and also when you tie knots using the instrument (instrument tie).
Hold the tissue forceps in your nondominant hand, as you would a pencil. Do not close the tips of the forceps tightly on the skin, because this can damage tissues. Use only toothed forceps or a tissue hook when handling tissue to help prevent crushing the tissue.
Hold suture scissors with your index finger extended toward the tip for better control.
Inserting the sutures
In general, place the first suture in the middle of the wound.
Load the needle driver: Grasp the needle at a 90-degree angle with the very tip of the driver. Grasp the needle at the junction of the proximal and middle third of the needle.
Use the tip of the forceps as a hook (or use a tissue hook) to gently lift the tissue and evert the wound edges as needed while the sutures are being placed. Proper wound edge eversion during this step is essential to optimal approximation of the dermis, which ultimately helps maximize the strength and minimize scarring of the healed wound.
Place sutures by gently supinating your wrist so that the needle follows its curvature through the skin.
Push the needle through both wound edges if this can be done with little resistance. If resistance is significant—or if you are placing a suture across a relatively wide space (as may occur with the first few sutures of an interrupted suture closure)—pull out the needle through the center of the laceration after it passes through the first wound edge and then reattach it to the needle driver. Continue the suture with a second bite passing it into the opposite side of the wound.
Gently pull the suture through the path of the needle and leave some (eg, 2 to 3 cm) of the free end of the suture material exposed.
Release the needle from the driver, and allow the needle to rest on the sterile drape.
Tie the suture using an instrument tie as described below.
Simple Cutaneous Suture
The suture begins and ends equidistant from the wound margins. Points A and B are at the same depth. The suture is farther from the wound edge when the wound is deep. The skin edges should be everted by making the width of the bite greater at the deepest part of the wound than at the surface.
Spacing between sutures is typically equal to the distance from needle entry to wound margin. Sutures should enter and exit at an equal distance from the wound margin.
The instrument tie
Hold the tip of the needle driver above and between the entry and exit sites of the suture. Use your nondominant hand to manually hold the long end of the suture (the needle-end). Be mindful of where the needle is lying and be careful to not allow the needle to stick your hand.
To lay down the first throw of the knot, wrap the needle-end (long end) of the suture OVER the end of the needle driver twice. Wrapping twice forms the base of the surgeon’s knot, which prevents the first throw from loosening. Next, rotate the driver 90 degrees and with it grasp the free (short) end of the suture. Pull your hands in opposite directions to lay down the first throw securely but not tightly; tight sutures risk cutting into the skin and causing ischemia as wound edema develops over the next several hours.
On the second and subsequent throws of the knot, wrap the needle-end of the suture OVER the needle driver only once. Grasp the free end of the suture with the driver and pull in opposite directions to tighten the knot. These subsequent throws may be pulled tightly.
Note that the suture is always drawn OVER the needle driver, and that your hands move in alternating directions across the laceration with each throw. Adhering to this method assures that all knots are square knots.
Place a total of about 4 throws. After the final throw, cut the suture with a scissors, leaving tails about 1 cm long.
Aftercare for Interrupted Sutures
Dress the wound (see Lacerations Lacerations Lacerations are tears in soft body tissue. Care of lacerations Enables prompt healing Minimizes risk of infection Optimizes cosmetic results read more and How To Cleanse, Irrigate, Debride, and Dress Wounds How To Cleanse, Irrigate, Debride, and Dress Wounds Wound hygiene (eg, cleansing, irrigation, and debridement), including thorough examination of the wound and surrounding tissues, promotes uncomplicated healing of traumatic skin wounds and is... read more ).
Splint joints whose movement will cause wound tension (eg, an elbow splint for a dorsal elbow laceration).
Instruct the patient to keep the dressing dry and in place and to return in 2 days for a wound check.
Instruct the patient to return if signs of infection develop (eg, increased pain, swelling, redness, fever, proximally spreading red streaks [infectious lymphangiitis]).
Instruct the patient when to return for suture removal, which is generally based on the wound site: 3 to 5 days for the face, 6 to 10 days for the scalp and trunk, 10 to 14 days for the arms and legs, and 14 days for wounds overlying joints. Early suture removal risks wound dehiscence; however, to decrease scarring and cross-hatching of facial sutures, half of the suture line (ie, every other suture) may be removed on day 3 and the remainder are removed on day 5. An alternative is to remove all sutures on day 3 and support the closure by then applying wound tape.
Warnings and Common Errors for Interrupted Sutures
During pre-procedure preparation of the wound, diligently inspect the wound to avoid the frequent error of failing to note associated injuries of nearby tissues, foreign bodies, or body cavity penetrations.
Avoid overly tight sutures and use cautery sparingly because both can cause tissue ischemia.
Drugs Mentioned In This Article
|Drug Name||Select Trade|
|Betasept, Chlorostat, Hibiclens, Oro Clense , Peridex, Periogard, PerioRx , Perisol|
|Betadine, Betadine Prep, First Aid, GRx Dyne, GRx Dyne Scrub, Povidex , Povidex Peri| | <urn:uuid:18d030b0-6650-47b6-bade-433ccfd16186> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-pr/professional/injuries-poisoning/how-to-care-for-wounds-and-lacerations/how-to-repair-a-laceration-with-simple-interrupted-sutures | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.902188 | 2,534 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Minnesota could be the first state in the nation to require swimming lessons in public schools, if a new set of bills pass. The bills, HF 2113 and its counterpart SF 1825, are sponsored by Minneapolis DFL lawmakers, State Rep. Karen Clark and State Sen. Jeff Hayden and come during a time of increased concern over youths drowning.
MINNESOTA TEEN DROWNS
Earlier this year, Abdullahi Charif, 12, of St. Louis Park here in Minnesota was found dead at the bottom of his school’s pool. Similarly, Frederick Ndereimana, age 19, of Fargo South High School was found unconscious in the deep end of the school’s pool during a PE class and died in the hospital 18 days later.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), an average of ten people die each day in the US from unintentional drowning – two of the ten are children age 14 and under.
MINORITY CHILDREN MORE LIKELY TO DROWN
Of particular concern to our Minnesota lawmakers is providing swim instruction to minorities, who are statistically less likely to know how to swim and more likely to drown.
The USA Swimming Foundation and the University of Memphis report that 70% of African-American and 60% of Hispanic/Latino children cannot swim. And according to the CDC, African-American children drown at a rate nearly three times higher than their Caucasian peers
CHILD SWIMMING LESSONS: MORE THAN JUST A SAFETY PRECAUTION
On April 22nd, Rep. Karen Clark and Hannah Lieder, board chair of the nonprofit Minneapolis Swims, met with the House Education Policy Committee for an informational hearing regarding HF 2113. “Swimming lessons for children in Minnesota are issues of wellness, civil rights and survival,” Clark said. “The drowning levels that we experience are just unacceptable.”
As stated in the bills, schools without a pool or without one within 10 miles, would be at least required to teach basic water safety, kick practice, and dry land strokes. Schools with a pool would be required to teach swimming lessons.
As summer heats up and the water looks increasingly enticing, it’s a great time to ask the question, “Do I really know how to swim?” According to a recent survey conducted for the American Red Cross, 54% of Americans cannot swim or lack certain swimming survival skills that the Red Cross considers basic, and only 56% of those who think they can swim actually have those skills.
If you are interested in taking swimming lessons or enrolling your kid in lessons,
checkout our roundup of best swim schools in Minnesota. | <urn:uuid:3baa8336-0a30-4721-b7a6-3192912c9a21> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.meshbesher.com/news-and-updates/new-minnesota-swimming-lesson-requirements-on-the-horizon/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.953849 | 556 | 2.859375 | 3 |
The reactants products and equation of glycolysis can be described in a short sentence. But to understand the net equation of the glycolysis, we must look at all the 10 steps of glycolysis.
Reactants Products and Equation Of Glycolysis Process in Each of 10 Steps:
1. Glucose + ATP ←→ Glucose 6-phosphate + ADP.
2. Glucose 6-phosphate ←→ Fructose 6-phosphate.
3. Fructose 6-phosphate + ATP → Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate + ADP.
4. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate ←→ Dihydroxyacetone phosphate + Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.
5. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate ←→ Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.
6.Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + Pi + NAD ←→ 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate + NADH + H.
7. 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate + ADP ←→ 3-phosphoglycerate + 2 ATP.
8. 3-Phosphoglycerate ←→ 2-phosphoglycerate.
9. 2-Phosphoglycerate ←→ phosphoenolpyruvate + H2O.
10. Phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP → 2 pyruvate + 2 ATP.
*Orange color refers to the irreversible reactions.
Net Equation of Glycolysis Process:
So Net Equation of Glycolysis Process is
Glucose + 2NAD + 2ADP + 2Pi → 2 pyruvate + 2NADH + 2H + 2ATP + 2H2O.
- Lactic Acid Fermentation Equation, Reactants, and Products
- How many ATPs are produced in fermentation
- What are the End Products of Fermentation
- Products of Fermentation
- What are the Products of Lactic Acid Fermentation
- Why is nad+ so important in fermentation
- A list of fermented foods and nutritional benefits.
- 10 Applications of fermentation in Biotechnology | <urn:uuid:420a5faa-fd1d-4d2e-8b83-1e488fcd124c> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.microbialfacts.com/equation-of-glycolysis-process/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.760523 | 492 | 3.453125 | 3 |
Multimedia materials for learning german – Conjugation exercise 3
The verb "werden" ("to become")
Please conjugate the verb in all its forms.
Enter the forms as follows (do not enter additional spaces and use the "Umlauts" ä, ü, ö):
3rd person singular: er schreibt
3rd person plural: sie schreiben | <urn:uuid:bcd81592-d919-478d-a16b-4004cef07f50> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.minetoshsoft.com/Langues/exercises/kon3_en.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.73484 | 88 | 2.75 | 3 |
Unlike many other countries, there is no one law in the USA concerning motorcyclists wearing helmets. Instead, each state has different laws.
In some states, motorcycle helmets are mandatory for motorcyclists of certain ages, while in other states, there are no laws in place.
So, if you plan on riding a motorcycle in the USA, you need to find out what the legislation is concerning wearing a helmet for your specific state.
However, even if your state does not make it compulsory for you to wear a motorcycle helmet, you still should. The reason is simple: a helmet will protect you should you be involved in an accident. A helmet could even save your life.
Now, let us take a look at four facts and stats about motorcycle helmet laws across the country.
1. No States Had Motorcycle Helmet Laws Until 1966 and State Laws Have Changed Since
It was only in 1966 that the federal government began requiring states to enact its universal motorcycle helmet laws. By 1975, forty-eight states had adopted compulsory helmet use for certain motorcyclists.
But after federal penalties were eliminated for states without universal motorcycle helmet laws in 1975, half of the states either weakened the laws or eliminated them altogether.
Since then, various states have either weakened or reinstated motorcycle helmet laws.
2. Thousands of Lives Are Saved with Motorcycle Helmets
According to the latest statistics from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, between 2002 and 2017, over 25,000 lives were saved by motorcyclists in the USA wearing helmets.
3. Sadly, Helmet Use Is Declining Among Motorcyclists in the USA
Thankfully, regardless of the specific state laws that are in place, the majority of motorcycle riders and passengers in the USA wear Department of Transportation-compliant helmets.
According to the National Occupant Protection Use Survey, 64.9% of riders and passengers wore compliant helmets in 2021.
However, at the same time, helmet use has actually decreased since 2002 by an alarming 12.5%. And since 2018, usage has decreased by 8.6%.
4. Helmet Laws Vary from State to State
As we briefly mentioned, each state has different laws concerning the wearing of motorcycle helmets. So, let us take a look in detail at how the laws vary.
Two States Have No Laws
In New Hampshire and Illinois, there are no state laws demanding motorcyclists and passengers wear helmets.
So, that probably has something to do with the fact that only 36% of riders in Illinois wear motorcycle helmets.
Of course, that means many motorcyclists are exposed to injuries like severe head injuries and neck injuries each year.
While motorcycle accidents are not always the fault of the rider, and indeed, riders who are injured and not at fault can receive help from experienced motorcycle accident lawyers to pursue compensation, motorcyclists can avoid being seriously injured in the first place by ensuring they wear helmets, even if it is not compulsory.
Many States Require Motorcyclists of Certain Ages to Wear Helmets
In many states, motorcyclists and passengers who are below certain ages are required by law to wear helmets.
Depending on the state, you could be legally required to wear a helmet if you are under the age of seventeen, eighteen, twenty, or twenty-five.
Also, the type of bike you ride can affect the legality concerning the wearing of motorcycle helmets. In many states, moped riders are not legally obliged to wear helmets.
You can find a full list of requirements per state by looking at this comprehensive list from the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. | <urn:uuid:419a3f57-4ba6-4466-ae7d-17668d3a0591> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.motorcyclesdata.com/2023/03/16/four-facts-and-statistics-about-motorcycle-helmet-laws-across-the-usa/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.961858 | 732 | 2.625 | 3 |
Though literary production in Bengali had been dominated by Hindus in the nineteenth century, primarily as a function of differing colonial methodologies of rule and vernacularization. Muslims too had been producing Bengali poetry and religious literature since the sixteenth century. In the late nineteenth century, Muslims had begun to write recognizably high quality Bengali Language, though many Hindus reviewed such work with scepticism. Muslim Bengalis had generated modern poets of distinction like Kazi Nazrul Islam whose poems and songs, particularly those which he composed against the colonial rule in India, express a youthful exuberance of feeling. This article attempts to examine Kazi Nazrul Islam, so works and highlight his contribution to the Bengali Muslim literature. The emergence of Kazi Nazrul Islam gave Muslim society more confidence in itself. Lexical, mythical and formal traditions of Muslim culture and civilization were again drawn upon and Bengali Muslim literature was enriched.
Poets of mediocre talent succumb to their influence and become their epigones, unable to find their own way of artistic expression. More gifted and ambitious poets, however, consciously and programmatically try to differentiate themselves from the great predecessors and strive after originally with doubled energy, opening new domains and unbeaten paths to literature. We shall refrain from describing that large number of Bengali writers and poets, who did not enrich their literature by new tones but followed the patterns of Tagorean poetry,
short stories or dramas, even though some of them did write a number of books and found their way to the Bengali readers for the further development of Bengali literature, were those who succeeded in asserting their originality and started new lines of development, either on the thematic level and ideology, or in the matter of literary form. One of the most remarkable personalities to do so was KaziNazrulIslam –remarkable in many respects. First of all, he was a Muslim and the first great representative of the numerically prevailing Muslim community to excel in modern Bengali literature. Secondly, as a poor village boy and an orphan, he was not able to acquire any formal education, his knowledge of European literature was rather limited and the originality of his poetry was accounted for, to a large extent, by his self-made man’s attitude. This paper is a simple attempt to understand KaziNazrul Islams’, work in Bengali literature. The focus in this effort is to explore some contribution ofKaziNazrul Islam to Muslim literature.
Literary Meaning of Literature
A literary tradition is either thematic, lexical, formal or stylistic in character or the product of the combined operation of these features over a certain period of time. As literature is the creation of Man and as Man is a social being, the evolution, change or maintenance of a literary tradition is intimately tied up with the evolution, change or maintenance of social sensibility. Inspite of the fact that Man is eternally Man some aspects of human personality get undue stress in a particular period. A writer must seek eternal truth through his response to its particular manifestation in time and space. He cannot therefore ignore the social sensibility of the period and society to which he belongs. It is through the particular that he must reach the general otherwise his generalizations are likely to be superficial or vague or abstract. The thematic traditions of any literature are therefore integrally related to the socio-cultural traditions of a group of people in any period of their evolution.
Muslim Tradition in Bengali Literature
When Muslims first conquered Bengal, there was hardly any Bengali literature worth the name. Nor was the language cultivated by the educated literary expression. During the Hindu period Sanskrit and not Bengali was the accepted court language and the language of culture. Maithili was an influential and effective literary medium. By 1350 A.D. the Muslims had united the different regions of Bengal and started becoming patrons of Bengali language and literature, thus providing an impetus to new literary productions. By 1350 Bengal had also settlers because of their acceptance of this country as their homeland. Bengali had also become the official medium of expression. Sufis also allowed Bengali songs to be sung in their majlis-e-sama, orthodox Ulema used to look down upon this language, hence Muslim poets had to justify its use. By 1500 A.D. Muslim poets had ceased to apologies for using Bengali as the medium.
Muslim writers continuied to pursue the medieval tradition even in late nineteenth century. After 1857, however, all, except a handful accepted the new traditions that the Hindu writers had already evolved through their acceptance of Western education and also because of the socio-political status that they had acquired under the British regime. As has already been indicated the very process of education by filtration left the Muslims outside the pale of English education because Muslims by this time had become poor and helpless. Lord Bentinck’s policy had abolished the Qadi system and withdrawn financial support from native madrassahs. Thus a large number of Muslim families were completely ruined. Even before Bentincks’ arrival, the new permanent settlement with the accompanying regulation to auction the property if tax was not paid within the stipulated period reduced a large number of unaware and unaccustomed Muslim landlords to total bankruptcy.
Most of the Zemindarie passed over to the hands of their Hindu managers who were well-versed in the new technique. Otherwise the Muslims of Bengal would have pushed forward long ago. Moreover, the government policy was not to support the Muslims but to encourage the Hindus. On top of these, we find a large number of missionary schools opened to contagious influences. The impact of western civilization and culture was felt mostly by the Hindus who rose to the occasion and admirably faced the situation. A desire for reform and revival became evident in them, Bengali prose was born, new epical and lyrical forms were created and the novel came to occupy an important place. In the new hierarchy of literature the romances or the Punthies were pushed back to the village yard. And in all these three forms-prose, poetry and fiction, the demand of the newly educated Hindu society was considerably satisfied. The Muslim society was not taken into consideration by the Hindu writers. It was not possible for them to do so, neither was it desirable from their revivalist point of view. On the other hand we notice a positive revulsion against Muslim rule in a writer like Bankim Chatterjee.
When Muslim writers therefore began to write in prose, they discovered that already there had developed a prose-style which was very different from the style of the colloquial prose used in their daily conversation. A growing tradition of novel-writing has been imported from the West and a new kind of poetry had emerged which had left the tradition of the punthis behind. The earlier Muslim traditions of forms, vocabulary and imagery were considered outdated, outmoded, and unpalatable. They found that punthi-writing was practiced only in the villages; the educated society of Kolkata considered Byron, Shelley, Keats, Milton and Shakespeareas their ideals and models. They had therefore to adjust themselves to this tradition and then bring whatever new elements they could. This attitude –the glorification of the past, the lamentation for the present and the exhortation for the future-became a traditional attitude of Muslim poets up to Kazi NazrulIslam. He made it very clear in one of his poems:
I don’t care whether I shall be
Remember after the enthusiasm of this age has exhausted itself
It’s enough that the sun is
Shining over my head and hundreds of golden lads and girls
Are moving about me.
In Bengali literature, the influence of Rabindranath Tagore was overwhelming and it was difficult for most Bengali literary figures to break loose from the patterns set by him, but one Muslim writer Kazi Nazrul Islamdid just that by producing works of an original nature. After serving in the army during the First World War, he began his literary career in the early 1920s, producing a number of novels, poems and short themes. Although he did not take an active part in the nationalist movement, he had an instinctive feel for the contemporary struggle for freedom that was being waged. Some of his writing was indeed revolutionary, his readers enthused by his spirit of revolt and patriotic zeal, called him a bidrohi (rebel) which was also the tittle of one of his poems.
[ Declare, oh brave one, declare, “My head is held high]
Kazi Nazrul Islam was a popular writer of songs, a revolutionary. The first Indian poet to be jailed by the British for writing a poem demanding complete independence. He was born on 25 May, 1899, at Churulia(in Burdwan district, West Bengal), the fifth child of Fakir Ahmed, the Imam of a Mosque. All his older brothers had died in infancy. For some reason Nazrul Islam nicknamed as a child was “DukhooMian”. The family adopted the honorific “Kazi” from an ancestor who had been appointed judge by a Mughal king.
Kazi Nazrul Islam had takenup a job at the age of eight when his father died. He joined a band of folk performers, and toured with them, composing poems and songs, he was a bright student. But he could not complete his school education. However, one of his teachers, who was associated with the Jugantar group, instilled in him a strong patriotic sentiment which he carried all his life. In 1917, Nazrul Islam became a professional soldier and joined the forty-ninth Bengal Regiment. When he was posted in Karachi, he read the works of the great Persian poets Hafiz and Omar Khayyam from a Maulavi (Islamic Scholar) and published his first poem ‘Mukti’(freedom) in the journal Bangiya Musalman Shitya Patrika. After the end of World War I, Nazrul Islam returned to Kolkata and became a co-editor of the daily Nabayug, along with the communist leader Muzaffar Ahmed. He began to regularly contribute poems, stories and novels to Navayug, Prabasi and Moslem Bharat. Nazrul Islam became extremely popular especially with the youth after the publication of his long poem Bidrohi (rebel) in the weekly literary magazine Bijali in 1922. Soon after, he began to publish and edit a fortnightly magazine called Dhumketu, in which he raised the demand for India’s independence from British rule. The magazine was proscribed and he was sentenced to a year’s imprisonment by the British government. Since he was not allowed the status of political prisoner, he went on a hunger strike that lasted for 39 days. Rabindranath Tagore sent him a telegram requesting him to give up his fast because, Tagore wrote, Nazrul Islam had a lot to contribute to Bengali literature.
Contribution to Bengali Literature
Kaji Nazrul Islam departed from the literary conventions of his time and created his own poetical language. He frequently used Arabic or Persian words. He wrote and set to music about 3000 songs. Initially, Nazrul Islams’ songs were mostly ghazals ( a genre of north Indian light classical poetry), but later he borrowed elements from Bengali folk and devotional tunes, Middle Eastern music, thumri/another genre of north Indian classical music and various other sources. As in his poems, Nazrul Islam established a style distinctly different from that of Tagore in his musical compositions. Among his books of lyrics, the collection of Muslim devotional songs called zulfikar, the collection of patriotic songs called sarbahara deserve special mention. Many critics consider that his greatest contribution to Bengali literature is his songs. He was also associated with theatre and wrote scripts for films.
Kazi Nazrul Islam had an exuberance that allowed him to produce a very large corpus of works within a rather short literary career. In 1942, he lost his speech and memory, which he never regained. In 1972, Sheikh MujiburRahman, then Prime Minister of Bangladesh, took him to Dhaka as a state guest, where breathed his last. He was awarded the Jagattarini Gold Medal by Calcutta University, the Padma Bhushan by the Government of India, the Ekushe Padak by the Government of Bangladesh. Some of his major collections of poems are Agnibina, Dolonchapa, Bisher Bani, Chhayanat, Samyabadi, SindhiHillol, Shesh Saugat, and Sanchita, collections of essays are Yugabani, Dhumketi and a collection of short stories Byathou Dan. He also wrote two novels called Bandhanhara and Kuhelika.
Nazrul Islam Contribution to Islamic Poetry and Songs
Among all the song-writers of Bangla language who wrote Islamic songs Kazi Nazrul Islam’s name comes in the very first place. Genuine Islamic songs were not composed before Nazrul Islam’s endeavour. Nazrul Islam’s alone composition of all these Islamic songs awakened a new consciousness of nationality and advancement in the minds of the Bengali Muslims. Before independence from the British rule in Indian sub-continent the Muslims became a parasitic losing their traditional glory. He reminded them of their lost sense of Muslim nationalism and sense of equity proclaimed by Islam. Moreover, he tried his best to build a bond between the Hindu and Muslim communities. At the same time he wanted to revive the Bengali-speaking Muslims by inspiring them through his Islamic nasheeds and poetry. His contribution for that purpose was huge. Abul Mansursays:
“It is certainly true that if poet Nazrul Islam were not born at least the Bengali-speaking Muslim society would have been compelled to fall back from today’s advancement of their success probably for about one century. One day Nazrul Islam came like a storm and conquered the fort of Bengali literature making a loud call, Allahu Akbar(Allah is great). He waved the flag on the broken castle of Bengali-Muslim society. He fulfilled the want of language and substance of the Muslim Bangla literature. From the spiritual perspective it is a revolution in their national life. The leader of this revolution is none other thanNazrul.”
Throughout his life he continued to nurture the Islamic thoughts and sentiments he was acquainted with from his childhood. Love of Allah and Rasulullah found shelter in the innermost part of his heart. Consequently, through his poetry and songs he makes us hear the words of Allah Subhanahuwata’ala and His Prophet Muhammad. He sings his Islamic songs of humanity with the light of the Holy Quran and Hadith. It was he who first used Arabic and Persian terms in many of his poetry as well as songs with a marvellous craft which successfully exposed the Bengali-Muslim culture. Before Nazrul Islam other poets tried to use Arabic and Persian language in their literary work to create a new form. But their attempt did not succeed as the terminology did not suit the substance and mood of their literature .Narul Islam’sintroduction to the Iranian poet Hafiz Sheerazi, his study and translationof Sheerazi influenced Nazrul Islam’s poetry to a great extent. The rhythm, wording, mood and subject matter of Sheerazi’s poetry and gazals have made Nazrul Islam’s poetry noble and ornamented them with a sense of love, spirituality and many other beauties. He was influenced by other Persian poets Omar Khayyam and Mawlana Jalaluddin Rumi.This expertise in various languages did not come on to him suddenly. Nazrul Islam took his first lesson of Arabic and Persian languages from his maktabs (maktab is a primary school that teaches Islamic education) teacher Moulovi Kazi Fazle Ahammad. Besides, Nazrul had an uncle named Bazle Karim who was an expert in Persian. He tried to write poetry in Persian language.By the influence of this uncle Nazrul Islam tried to write poetry mingling Arabic, Persian, Urdu and Bangla.
Kabya Ampara was one of the greatest Islamic works of Nazrul Islam. Along with other scholars in this book Nazrul Islamtranslated thirty eight chapters of the Qur’an in the form of poetry. Nazrul Islamsays in the introduction of Kabya Ampara that his greatest intention in life was to translate the whole Qur’an in the form of poetry. However, though he could not execute his great wish completely, but Allah has fulfilled part of his desire. The Bangla-speaking Muslims as well as non-Muslim communities are indebted to Nazrul Islam for his contribution to Islam. It was Nazrul Islam’swish to be buried near a mosque as he expressed this desire in one of his songs –Mosjideripasheamarkabardiobhai (Bury me by the mosque). Accordingly his wish was fulfilled, he was buried near the mosque adjacent to the University of Dhaka.
1. In Moslem Bharat KaziNazrul Islam’s first published poem was ‘Shat-il-Arab’ (May 1920)
2. Second poem ‘KheyaParerToroni’ (July 1920)
3. ‘Korbani’ (August 1920)
4. ‘Mohorrom’ (September 1920)
5. Seven Islamic poems along with five other poems published in Agni-bina(October 1922)
6. Poems in Arabic Rhymes (1923)
7. ‘Fatiha-e-doaj-dohom’ published in BisherBashi(1924)
8. ‘Khaled’ (1926)
9. ‘Umar Faruq’ published in Sawgat(1927)
14. Mohammad Mostafa Salle Alaand JabiKeMadinay(1933)
15. Tawfeek Dao KhodaIslame(1934)
16. MaktabSahitya (1935)
17. SeiRabiulAwaler Chand (1937)
18. Ore O MadinaBolte Parish (1938)
19. Nine Gazals of Diwan-e-Hafij translated and published in Nirjhor(1939)
20. Notun Chand (1939)
21. KhodarRahamChaho Jodi NabijireDhoro(1940)
23. Rubaiyat-e-Omar Khayyam (1958)
The themes of Nazrul Islam’s Islamic songs are of various religious matters. Islam is based on five pillars. All these Islamic aspects are wonderfully presented in Nazrul Islam’s Islamic songs I have translated. For example, in the song “TheWord of Shahada contains the light of Allah” the poet reveals the reward that is hidden in shahada and describes the importance of the remembrance of Allah.
Allah is my Lord, I fear no one
[Original in Bangla: Allah Amar Prabhu]
Translation: Kabir Chowdhury
Allah is my Lord, I fear no one,
Muhammad is our Prophet.
Throughout the world his prise is sung.
I have my Quran,
Why should I fear my one?
Islam is my religion,
The Kalima is my amulet,
The Twahid my guide,
Iman is my shield and the crescent my reading fight
Allal-u-Akbar is my battle cry,
And my final destination is paradise.
Where the Arsh of Allah lies.
The Muslims of the world, in China or in India,
in Egypt or in Arabia,
are my brothers dear,
Here all are equal,
There is no class distinction here,
Here we wake up and arise
at the sound of the same takbir
Here we are one body one heart one soul.
Here prince and the pauper play same noble role.
In this world of Islam
I know that the ultimate victory will be mine,
I know that through Islam alone.
Can I achieve my final goal.
Nazrul Islam was a humanity-oriented voice of conscience. He awakened the Muslims as to how they have lost the spirit represented by the Qur’an and the Prophetic legacy. In a poem about Eid, he beautifully portrayed the relevance of Eid for the poor and deprived.Nazrul Islam was universalistic, deeply humanity-oriented and full of love and compassion for the people, especially the oppressed, deprived and downtrodden. In a poem (as well as song lyric) on the theme of Ramadan and Eid, he wrote:
At the end of the Ramadan Fast, O My Mind!
(Original: O Mon, Ramzaneroirozarsheshe)
Translation: Mizanur Rahman
At the end of the Ramadan Fast, O My mind!
The End of pleasure has arrived!
Give thyself away this day
And harken to the heavenly command!
All your wealth and gold,
All your palaces are for God alone!
Pay off the poor-rates this day
To rouse the lifeless Muslims any way!
Thou art to say the prayer
On that field of Eid,
Where the Muslim variantsgave their lives
And became Shaheed!
Forget who friends are and who foes are this day.
And grasp the hands of all.
By dint of Love make the entire world
Respond to Islam’s call!
Those who have fasted all their life
Without break and pause,
Give to those poor ones this day
Whatever will serve their cause!
Pour out unto the goblet of your mind
The Shirnee of Tauheed!
The Prophet will be pleased, it seems,
To accept your gift!
Those who have read my poetry are the witnesses that I have tried my whole life to unite the
Muslims, to remove their inactivity, idleness, spiritual emptiness and disbelief. By the strength
Allah has given me, all I have persevered with whatever I said, whatever I wrote and with my
own life to make the Muslims of Bengal stand raising their head, as a Muslim bows his head
before none but Allah. Truly my endeavour was to keep the belief of the three crore ignorant
Muslims intact, by recording hundreds of Islamic songs in the gramophone recorder”
He is a national poet of Bangladesh and loved by both Indian and Bangladeshi people. Even though every Bengali (and Bengali includes Muslims as well as others) knows about Nazrul Islam, he is hardly known outside, because very little of his works has been translated into other languages. Hopefully that will change over time.
Dusan Zbavitel, A History of Indian Literature: Bengali Literature, Germany: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag,1976,p.278
Retrieved fromglobalwebpost.com/farooqm/writings/islamic/nazrul_eid_poetry.html (Accessed on 22/1/2015)
Retrieved frombankofinfo.com/detail-life-history-of-kazi–nazrul–islam(Accessed on22/1/2015)
Retrieved from www.academia.edu/…/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam_A_Rebellious_Bengali_Poe(Accessed on 22/1/2015)
Sumaiya Ahmed, PhD Research Scholar, Department of Islamic Studies, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh. Email: email@example.com | <urn:uuid:9c9ac844-e342-4324-a51b-ce945056ccb2> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.muslimsocieties.org/vol-8-no-2_contribution_of_kazi_nazrul_islam/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.97246 | 5,016 | 3.296875 | 3 |
Fresno -- A year ago federal officials trucked 116 spawning salmon to the upper San Joaquin River in Central California and invited media to watch them swim free for the first time since a dam cut off the river's flow a half century ago.
The effort to see if gravel riverbeds still could sustain eggs cost $237,000. A few months later, the offspring died.
The biologists had not figured out a reliable way to catch the smolt for a return to the sea across 60 miles of riverbed left dry when the Friant Dam began diverting water to create the richest agriculture region in the nation.
"They didn't plan ahead and say, 'How are we going to get the juveniles out?' It's that lack of planning that's frustrating," said Monty Schmitt, a scientist with the Natural Resources Defense Council, which sued the federal government decades ago to have the river and salmon populations restored.
After eight years of work, this January is the deadline for the once-mighty San Joaquin to be carrying enough water to allow spring and fall runs of chinook salmon to help revive the state's fishing industry.
But the highly ambitious river restoration has been plagued by unforeseen problems resulting in delays and increased costs. Land has subsided so much in places that engineers must figure out how to make the river run uphill. And farms, barns and roads are in the way of a river that wants to return to its marshy expanse.
After $100 million spent so far, the dry river is just as incapable today of carrying water as it was in 2006 when a historic agreement was struck among environmental groups, fishermen, farmers and the federal government to undo damage caused by dam diversions.
Re3ad the full story at San Francisco Chronicle>> | <urn:uuid:6504a0b5-3f77-4ace-989c-632029a644f4> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.nationalfisherman.com/northeast/san-joaquin-fix-money-flows-not-river-salmon | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.966007 | 363 | 2.75 | 3 |
Black goji is a a different species than the more famous red goji berry, but it shares similar growing habits and its berries give the same health benefits.
Black goji key facts:
Botanical name – Lycium ruthenicum
Common name – black goji berry
Family – Solanaceae
Type – fruit shrub
Height – 6 feet (1.50 m)
Planting distance – 1½ feet (50 cm)
Exposure – sun or part shade
Soil – any type, except particularly soggy soil
Planting – spring, fall
Harvest – August to October
A very thorny shrub, perennial and very hardy, black goji is native to China and India. The black berries it produces in astounding amounts have a light, sweet taste. They are nibbled raw if properly ripened, or dried.
Considered a superfood thanks to its unique nutritional value and content (it has a great number of vitamins), black goji also is said to share numerous health benefits. These berries are used in traditional Indian and Chinese medicine.
Sowing black goji berries
Best is to sow black goji berries in spring in warm soil, usually a greenhouse or room that has a constant temperature set between 70 and 60°C (20 to 25°C).
- Sow the black goji berry seeds in nursery pots or in a tray. A finely sieved sowing soil mix is best.
- Place your seeds in a miniature greenhouse.
- On average, germination occurs after 4 to 6 weeks.
Planting black goji berry
- Space your black goji saplings 20 inches from each other (50 cm), in soil that has been thoroughly loosened up. It must drain well and having added fresh soil mix is a plus.
- Soak the clumps well before planting them in full sun, adjusting the depth so that the root crown is level with the ground. Spread mulch at the foot of each one to lock moisture in.
Care and maintenance
Black goji is an extremely hardy shrub (down to nearly -15°F or -25°C). It resists drought well, and you can grow it outdoors even in high altitudes: over 12,500 feet or 3 700 m! Note that its deciduous leafage falls off during the winter season.
- This thorny, self-fertilizing shrub does best with full sun exposure, though it will still do well in part shade.
- Though it can usually cope with any type of soil (at least as long as there’s drainage, what suits it most is chalky soil with alkaline pH levels.
Black goji in pots:
When grown in a pot, black goji berry particularly appreciates temperatures in the from 60 to 75°F (15 to 25°C).
- Make sure to repot it regularly and to use a substrate where the following four items are mixed: garden soil, soil mix, clay pebbles and sand.
- The watering schedule depends on how hot it is: anywhere from 1 to 3 times a week maximum.
Diseases and pests
Black goji isn’t vulnerable to disease, except for when the weather is cool and moist in the evenings: this can trigger bouts of mildew, especially downy mildew. There aren’t any pests that attack this shrub specifically.
Harvest and keeping
Harvest the black goji berries from August to September, when they’re perfectly ripe. The blooming takes a while to appear: 3 years. This means you’ll only have berries to harvest from the fourth year onwards.
Be careful! : while still green, the berries are toxic. Soak the goji berries in lukewarm water for 24h before drip-drying them and storing them in the refrigerator. They’ll keep for up to 12 months after the harvest. Another option is to dry the black goji berries in an oven set to a low temperature (100°F or 35°C).
How to cook goji berries
- Berries are simply steeped directly in hot water for a few minutes.
- Pigments seep out and color the water to a nice purple hue
- and in the end the berries have a subtle, lightly sweet taste. | <urn:uuid:a36dcc38-da94-4f87-a9cb-8a758ca335ab> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.nature-and-garden.com/gardening/black-goji.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.910287 | 908 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Sea cucumbers are common. From nearshore shallow waters down to the depths of the deepest trenches – they inhabit nearly every corner of the planet’s oceans.
Yet, soaring demand has created a multi-million dollar black market for the lucrative blobs, according to one British Columbia researcher.
Teale Phelps Bondaroff, the Greater Victoria-based director of research for marine conservation organization OceansAsia and an expert on illegal fishing and marine wildlife crime, was in the spotlight following the premiere of a new Undercover Asia documentary July 31 featuring his research.
The documentary is part of an investigative journalism series aired on the Singaporean public television station Channel News Asia. Pirates of the Seabed highlights Phelps Bondaroff’s investigation of the poaching and smuggling hotspot in the Gulf of Mannar between India and Sri Lanka.
Through interviews and undercover work, the Saanich resident explores the murky world of criminal gangs and follows the supply chain all the way to Hong Kong, where illegally-harvested sea cucumbers are eaten as a prized delicacy and used in traditional Chinese medicine.
“What’s really interesting as a conservationist is seeing organized crime groups trying to diversify and enter this industry.”
Phelps Bondaroff identified and analyzed 120 incidents of smuggling and poaching between 2015 and 2020. During that period Indian and Sri Lankan authorities reported seizing over 64.7 tons of sea cucumbers with an estimated value of U.S. $2.84 million.
Unlike illegal shark fin, fish maw or abalone harvesting, sea cucumber poaching is one of the lesser-known – and consequentially more neglected – forms of wildlife crime. But that doesn’t mean it can’t lead to some detrimental impacts that threaten marine ecosystems and species worldwide, Phelps Bondaroff warned.
“Sea cucumbers play a critical role in marine ecosystems, acting like earthworms of the sea by cycling material in the seabed and playing an important role in nutrient cycling. Sea cucumber crime threatens species and ecosystems, but it also undermines good governance and steals from legal fishers and governments.”
He ultimately hopes the documentary can place more pressure on government authorities to step up protective measures and perhaps more importantly, increase public awareness. And while there’s little evidence of sea cucumber-related crime occuring in British Columbia, Phelps Bondaroff said it’s a critical reminder of the work necessary to protect species that inhabit our waters back home.
“You don’t protect what you don’t know.” | <urn:uuid:3997ab9f-e6cd-46b1-8072-89d664696f61> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.northdeltareporter.com/trending-now/cool-as-a-sea-cucumber-b-c-researcher-exposing-organized-crimes-underwater-tentacles-2751852 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.921886 | 533 | 2.875 | 3 |
A team from ConsumerLab.com found that out of eleven products that contained echinacea five failed to pass independent testing. Lower than claimed amounts of key compounds such as echinacosides and phenols were the most common problem. One product contained a higher than acceptable amount of lead.
Echinacea was the top-selling single herb in 2002, with sales of $187.9 million, representing 10 per cent of the dietary supplement market in the US. The herb is sold in different forms - capsules, liquid - and only some products label the concentration of echinacea present - normally an indication of the quality of echinacea used.
The researchers evaluated echinacea products to determine whether they contained the claimed and expected amount and type of echinacea. They also screened for microbial and lead contamination. They report their findings on their website.
Of the 11 samples tested, one contained excessive lead contamination with 2.5 micrograms of lead per daily serving exceeding the California state limit. Three products were low in phenols - plant chemicals used to judge the quality of echinacea. It is believed that higher phenol levels relate to higher potency.
One product's label claimed its amounts of phenols and echinacea were based on a method of analysis that was not an industry standard. Using a more specific and accepted form of testing lower concentrations of these ingredients were found.
Tod Cooperman, President of Consumerlab.com said: "If you are not getting the expected effect with echinacea, it may be the brand."
"Products may fall short for many reasons: The wrong plant species or plant part may be used; levels of important plant chemicals may be low if the herb is not properly grown, harvested, processed, shipped and stored; and lead levels may be high due to contaminated soil."
Despite the huge variation of different blends and concentrations available on the market, very few have been tested. There have been estimates of around 200 different forms, from teas to capsules, sold nationwide.
The Journal of the American Medical Association reported in December 2003 on a syrup made with the herb, which reduced the number of respiratory tract infections in children but did not reduce the severity or duration of the infection.
Researchers at the University of Wisconsin, US, went one step further and claimed echinacea, when used to treat the common cold, had no effect when tested on a small group of students with colds. | <urn:uuid:c734196a-5c11-4c1a-9d8a-40b7f86335cd> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.nutraingredients.com/Article/2004/03/22/Echinacea-fails-to-meet-quality-standards | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.962477 | 499 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Are high protein diets a cause of heart disease?
High protein diets have become a popular weight-loss strategy for many, but animal studies and larger epidemiological studies in humans have indicated that they are a risk factor in cardiovascular disease.
The link between a high protein diet and heart disease
A recent mice study by researchers at Washington University School of Medicine is now able to explain why a high protein diet may contribute to heart disease, due to its impact on arterial plaques. In this article, I will review the findings in this study, and suggest how making small adaptations to your diet may help to protect against heart issues.
Arterial plaques contain a mix of cholesterol, calcium deposits, fat, and dead cells. An immune cell, called a macrophage, has an important role in cleaning up dead cells and toxic waste from the plaque so that it stays stable and doesn’t build up in size. A plaque is embedded in the arterial wall, so as it grows, it can cause blockages in the artery, preventing blood flow and increasing blood pressure. A plaque can also become unstable if the immune cells - macrophages - don’t clean up properly, which can lead to the artery bursting, causing a heart attack.
How is a high protein diet linked to an increased risk of a cardiac event?
The study by Zhung and co. found that in a high protein and high-fat diet, the arterial plaques not only grew, but they also became unstable. The study compared this to mice on a low-protein and high-fat diet, and although these mice gained weight, their plaques were not affected.
This is a noteworthy observation, as the mice on the high protein diet didn’t gain weight but did show an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. As such, those on a high protein diet should be cautious, as even though it can lead to weight-loss, it may harm your heart health. A couple of scoops of protein powder in your daily smoothie can amount to 40 grams of protein, which is almost the recommended daily allowance, so tracking protein consumption is key for those with an increased risk of heart disease.
The research also explains why protein has an impact on the stability and size of plaques, due to its effects on a protein found in macrophages called mTOR. When proteins are consumed in excess and broken down into their constituent elements called amino acids, mTOR is activated. In this process, the macrophage ceases its cleaning duties and begins to grow. This encourages toxicity to build around the plaque; through a chain of events the macrophages die, and these dead cells become part of the core of the plaque, increasing its instability.
Interestingly, the study found that certain amino acids are more potent at activating mTOR, including leucine and arginine. Leucine is found in red meat, so protein consumed from fish and plants might be a better source of protein for those at risk of heart issues.
This is a fascinating new concept, which may help to develop therapies to prevent plaques from building up in arteries and becoming unstable. Further research should look to understand which amino acids are implicated in mTOR so that dietary approaches can be adopted to ensure that the risk of cardiac events from plaques is minimised.
Do you have heart issues or have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease based on family history? If you do, or you are worried about your health, weight and/or protein consumption, consult your doctor and a qualified nutrition professional.
By working with a specialist nutritionist you can understand what your body needs, as each of us are different and require different nutrients. A nutritionist can offer tailored dietary and lifestyle advice to support overall health, and circulatory health. | <urn:uuid:83651ff4-b9bc-47ed-ba81-374b131f065f> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.nutritionist-resource.org.uk/memberarticles/are-high-protein-diets-a-cause-of-heart-disease | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.962188 | 773 | 3.40625 | 3 |
The need for sleep: How nutrition can help
In the Sleep Council’s 2013 Great British Bedtime survey, only 30 per cent of men and 22 per cent of women said they sleep very well. So, it is likely that you are reading this article because you are one of many who do not get a good night’s sleep, suffer from insomnia or sleep apnea.
Researchers are now pretty much agreed that short sleep and sleep deprivation are linked with a variety of mental problems (including poorer decision-making and memory) and physiological changes too including an increase in levels of inflammation in the body.
Inflammation in the body may participate in the poor functioning of hormones such as insulin (insulin resistance) and leptin (leptin resistance) – both of which are implicated in obesity and diabetes.
Short sleep or disrupted sleep patterns (such as in shift work) has also been found to increase levels of the stress hormone cortisol and as excess cortisol can cause fat deposition, usually around your waistline, this is not a good thing.
Conversely, adequate sleep can help improve your cognitive functioning and help keep your waistline in check.
So, what does what you are eating have to do with getting a better night’s sleep?
- Firstly, if you suffer from insomnia and/or wake in the night unable to get back to sleep and wake unrefreshed in the mornings, you may well have high cortisol levels, which also has the effect of lowering production of the growth hormone needed for cell repair. To help bring cortisol down, you need to keep a stable blood-sugar level, which means avoiding sugar (such as chocolate bars) and an excess of refined carbohydrates (e.g. white bread, rice, pasta). Even too much fruit (and certainly fruit juice) can be a bad thing.
- Being highly stressed, eating a lot of sugar and refined carbohydrates or high alcohol consumption can lead to a magnesium deficiency, which may affect your sleep. In addition, certain B vitamins are necessary to make adequate melatonin (the hormone that helps you sleep).
- Being overweight can increase your risk of sleep related disorders, such as sleep apnea, so taking steps to lose weight may also help.
- Drinking coffee in the afternoon or early evening may also prevent you from falling asleep and alcohol can also make it harder to get to sleep as it has a stimulatory effect on the brain (after its initial relaxation properties).
There are, however, some simple dietary steps that you can take that may help you get a better night’s sleep, including:
- Eating magnesium and B vitamin rich whole foods such as whole grains, beans, nuts, seeds, fruits and vegetables. Folic acid is particularly rich in green vegetables, beans, lentils, nuts and seeds, while B12 is only found in animal foods such as meat, fish, eggs and dairy produce;
- Avoiding or cutting back on caffeine and alcohol;
- Supplementing with Vitamin D. Researchers at the East Texas Medical Centre and the University of North Carolina have discovered that vitamin D helps to regulate the sleep-wake rhythm; they have proven a connection between a vitamin D deficiency and sleep disorders.
There is evidence that exercise can help reduce stress, which means that it may also help improve your sleep.
Asking a trained nutritional therapist to carry out a dietary evaluation would be a good step to see if any of the above apply to you, as they will be able to work out from your diet history how to improve what you are eating or if you may be low in certain minerals or vitamins.
In addition, biochemical testing can also be arranged, to identify any vitamin or mineral deficiency or to assess if your hormones are out of balance (such as cortisol and melatonin) and steps can then to taken to correct them through improving your diet and possibly supplementation.
For more on the recent research about the dangers of insufficient sleep and shift working, listen to the Radio 4 Programme Monday first aired on 27 July at 8pm, called ‘The Night Shift’: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0639jpl | <urn:uuid:b519981a-918c-4061-b4fb-3cec988d6202> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.nutritionist-resource.org.uk/memberarticles/the-need-for-sleep-how-nutrition-can-help | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.946199 | 851 | 3.234375 | 3 |
You can grow a surprise garden by collecting leaf litter, keeping it warm and moist and seeing what grows.
This is a great activity from Kiwi Conservation Club - Hakuturi Toa and is popular with ākonga of all ages.
The forest floor is covered in dead leaves, known as leaf litter, that rot down to help make soil. Leaves from the plants in the bush are always falling and making new layers of leaf litter. This leaf litter builds up over time and catches seeds and helps the seeds germinate from the trees above.
It’s best to start this investigation during July or August, when the floor of the ngahere is wet, but you could try it anytime. Be patient - it can take awhile for some seeds to start growing!
Click on the link above to visit the Kiwi Conservation Club website and download the PDF for this activity. An alternative to using plastic lunch wrap (as suggested) is to cut open clear bread bags or other plastic bags, which can be used more than once.
You can also check out KCC's other great resources, but clicking on Activities on their website and using the topic filters. | <urn:uuid:f9acd127-b707-44bc-ac12-6cc5a8aff19a> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.nzaee.org.nz/resources/grow-a-leaf-litter-garden | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.954507 | 239 | 3.53125 | 4 |
The Orinoco Delta Swamp Forests consist of a diverse matrix of coastal and lowland vegetation types along the river delta and surrounding regions of north-western Venezuela and north-eastern Guyana. The critically endangered Orinoco crocodile is an important member of the animal and plant community in these flooded forests.
This large crocodilian is unique among other species in that it primarily feeds on fish, although it is also opportunistic and will eat others food when available. They were once extensively hunted for their skin during the 1940s to 60s; today, the main threats to their survival include live animal trade, pollution, habitat degradation and competition with another, smaller, crocodilian, the spectacled caiman.
The Orinoco Delta Swamp Forests ecoregion occurs in a continuous expanse of flooded forests and wetlands, occurring from the southern reaches of the Paria Peninsula in northern Venezuela, extending southwards along the Orinoco Delta to the Waini River in Guyana. The climate in the delta is classified as perhumid tropical. Precipitation varies from 500–2,000 mm in the north and can reach as high as 8,000 mm in the south. There are two distinct dry and wet seasons. Temperatures average 26˚C, with a relative humidity of approximately 70%.
These swamp forests are characteristically full of river systems and hosts a great diversity of riparian features including permanent wetlands and marshes, large rivers, oxbows lakes, small gallery streams, levies, and the typical delta alluvial fan. The predominant vegetation in this region is abundant with water pollinated trees and palms, with abundant epiphytes and scattered herbaceous layer.
Common hardwood trees include guiana chestnut, mahogany, kapok, wild pigeon plum, shimbillo, greenheart, padauk, and billygoat plum. Numerous palms occur here as well, including açaí palm, troolie palm, and moriche palm.
The delta region itself has a rich bird fauna, with over 175 species identified, including 39 species of aquatic birds and 13 species of wading birds such as scarlet ibis and roseate spoonbills. These swamp forests provide important habitat for a number of threatened and endangered species such as the Orinoco crocodile, Amazon river dolphin, jaguar, bush dog, giant river otter, Orinoco goose, and the harpy eagle.
The swamp forests of eastern Venezuela, as a whole, are relatively intact. Heavy regional exploitation is a threat in the northern areas where population pressures are higher. Three protected areas exist which protect portions of this ecoregion; Delta del Orinoco National Park, the 726 km2 Turuépano National Park in the north of the ecoregion and the 2,650 km2 Mariusa National Park. These include the Delta del Orinoco Biosphere Reserve and . Two indigenous areas also are also designated, but they offer less protection to natural habitats and are readily exploited. In Guyana the protected areas consist of the Guianan mangroves, Guianan moist forests, and the Orinoco wetlands.
The greatest threat to this region is currently oil exploration and extraction. The threats are multifaceted, from habitat destruction to settlements of human population to hunting, small scale forest clearing, and displacement of the indigenous Warao peoples. Constructions that results in water diversion and containment also disrupt the seasonal cycles of the Orinoco River and its tributaries. A flood control program initiated in the 1960s had the Caño Mánamo dammed, and as a result water levels now rise and fall by 1–2 m daily. This has caused the dramatic increase of salinity levels and disrupt the flora and fauna that inhabit these swamp forests.
The priority conservation actions for the next decade are to: 1) regulate and even prevent with legislation further oil exploration in this area; 2) monitor and prevent the disposal of contaminants into the rivers in upstream communities; and 3) incentivize and promote sustainable practices in local communities.
1. Schipper, J. 2018. Northern South America: Northeastern Venezuela and northwestern Guyana. https://www.worldwildlife.org/ecoregions/nt0147. 13 August 2018.
2. Conde, J.E. 2001. The Orinoco River Delta, Venezuela. Pages 60-70 in U. Seeliger and B. Kjerfve (editors), Ecological Studies Vol. 144: Coastal Marine Ecosystems of Latin America. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
3. Hilton-Taylor C. 2000. The IUCN red list of threatened species. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, U.K. | <urn:uuid:ef7200b5-4b94-480d-a6ba-bd0e67f8a475> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.oneearth.org/ecoregions/orinoco-delta-swamp-forests/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.923016 | 985 | 3.875 | 4 |
Climbing a hill is a useful metaphor for activities involved in accomplishing a major goal, overcoming longstanding obstacles, or achieving a noteworthy milestone. But you must be prepared to engage in such a climb. Striking out without a metaphorical map, compass, bottle of water, or raingear will consistently result in limited success or actual failure. From a health and fitness perspective, climbing a hill may represent a real, concrete process. When you're out on your daily walk or run, unless you live and train entirely at sea level you're going to encounter changes in elevation. If you live in mountainous regions such as Southern California or along the Appalachian Trail, such variations in terrain require greater levels of aerobic capacity. Unless you want to spend your exercise time huffing and puffing, climbing a hill in the literal sense necessitates a high level of cardiovascular fitness.
Cardiovascular fitness may also be termed cardiorespiratory fitness.1 Such fitness refers to heart and lung capacity. With increased cardiorespiratory fitness, your heart's stroke volume increases. In other words, your heart pumps more blood with each beat than it did prior to attaining such fitness. More blood pumped per beat means your heart works less to achieve the same result. Your heart becomes more efficient, your blood pressure goes down, and your cells and tissues receive more nutrition more quickly.2,3 Similarly, with increased cardiorespiratory fitness your lungs take in more air with each breath. Such increased lung capacity means more oxygen is available to cells and tissues more quickly. Your entire cardiorespiratory system becomes more efficient. You're expending less metabolic energy and obtaining greater metabolic returns. Cardiorespiratory fitness substantially improves your overall health.
Attaining the goal of cardiovascular (cardiorespiratory) fitness involves the same type of thoroughness as that involved in achieving family and business-related goals. You plan your work and then work your plan. Interval training is a proven method of enhancing cardiovascular fitness, a method that is both mentally and physically challenging. Accomplishing your interval training goals also provides a great deal of fun and personal satisfaction.
Interval training involves alternating intense and slow periods of activity. Let's say you run three days a week, you average approximately 12 minutes per mile, and you run 3 miles per day. Now you'll substitute one interval training day per week for one of your regular running days. On your interval training day, you'll begin by lightly jogging 1 mile. Then you'll run 1/4 mile at 2:45, that is, slightly faster than your regular 3-minute per 1/4 mile pace. You'll continue with 1/4 mile at a very light recovery pace. Next, you'll repeat the sequence of fast (2:45) 1/4 mile followed by the slow recovery 1/4 mile. Repeat the sequence once more, add 1/2 mile of lightly jogging cool-down, and you've run your daily 3-mile quotient. Going forward, you may infinitely vary your interval training sequences, running 1/2 mile, 3/4 mile, and 1 mile interval distances at slightly faster than your race pace. You'll get faster gradually as your cardiovascular fitness and aerobic capacity increase. Within 6 months of engaging in consistent interval training, climbing hills may seem no more difficult than running on flat ground. Not only will you have become much more fit, you will have made tremendous gains in overall health and well being.
1Lavie CJ, et al: Exercise and the Cardiovascular System: Clinical Science and Cardiovascular Outcomes. Circ Res 117(2):207-219, 2015
2Myers J, et al: Physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness as major markers of cardiovascular risk: their independent and interwoven importance to health status. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 57(4):306-314, 2015
3Nayor M, Vasan RS: Preventing heart failure: the role of physical activity. Curr Opin Cardiol 2015 Jul 3. [Epub ahead of print] | <urn:uuid:6e705f18-1311-4808-a6a6-be85f1c0d8cf> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.op-chiropractic.com/articles/general/418352-climbing-the-hill | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.925769 | 837 | 3.171875 | 3 |
5 Using a calculator for statistical calculations
Table 2 shows all the values for each step in the process of calculating a standard deviation, so that you can see what the operations encapsulated by Equation 7 actually entail, but you will probably be relieved to hear that it is not usually necessary to carry out such detailed calculations. Scientific and graphics calculators (or computer spreadsheets) can do most of the drudgery for you.
Activity 2 Statistics using a calculator
You will need to consult the instructions for your own calculator in order to find out how to do this, but usually the process involves the following steps:
Put the calculator into statistical mode.
You should then be able to input all the data; sometimes these data are stored via a memory button, in other cases they can be entered and displayed as a list. Enter the following set of numbers:
8, 6, 9, 12, 10
Having input the data, you can then get most calculators to tell you the number of items of data. If your calculator can do this, it should return the answer ‘5’ here. It doesn’t matter if your calculator doesn’t have this function, but if it does it’s well worth using this checking device. If you have to input a long string of data values, it’s quite easy to miss one out inadvertently!
When you know you have the data correctly stored, find out how to display the mean; you should get the answer ‘9’ here.
Now find out how to display the standard deviation. Many calculators use the symbol σn for standard deviation, rather than sn (σ is the lower case version of the Greek letter sigma). Do be careful with this step: your calculator may also have a button labelled σn–1 or sn–1. Don't use it by mistake! You should get the answer ‘2’ here.
Once you are sure you know how to use your calculator to perform calculations of mean and standard deviation, apply this skill to Activity 3. To answer such questions, you could choose to work out a full table similar to Table 2, but that it is a very time-consuming process, so it is worth becoming confident in using the statistics buttons on your calculator.
Activity 3 Calculate mean and standard deviation
A sample of a particular manufacturer’s ‘coarse round wire’ was measured at ten points along its length. The data are given in Table 3. Calculate the mean and standard deviation of these measurements.
For the 10 measurements in Table 3
mean = 1.122 mm
standard deviation sn = 0.123 mm
Being able to use a calculator for statistical calculations, or even a spreadsheet, is a very useful skill to have. This does not take away at all from the understanding of these subjects that you have.
Now it is time to get some more practice in this week’s quiz. | <urn:uuid:ff85bc83-8494-42a4-9fc6-1ff7d1a948e8> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.open.edu/openlearn/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=68404§ion=6 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.892705 | 609 | 3.9375 | 4 |
Philosophy begins in wonder. And, at the end, when philosophic thought has done its best, the wonder remains.
- Alfred North Whitehead
"Whitehead wants us, always anew, to become creative seekers and creators of new realities and ideas in the pursuit of the art of life."
- Roland Faber
Excerpt from Faber'sWhitehead's Universe: Past and Future
No wonder that Whitehead in his magnum opus, Process and Reality, claims that the ultimate ground of everything—that beyond which one cannot think and search for truth—is itself not anything we can arrest: neither Being or God, nor matter or mind, but the creative process itself, graciously groundless. Whitehead might well have been one of the first thinkers to reference “creativity” in such ultimate, metaphysical terms. This indicates a mystery in Whitehead’s thought: If you have ever tried to read Whitehead for the first time, and even if you have become an expert, it is almost unimaginable to understand how a philosopher with such an inclination toward “creativity” could develop the most complex system around it. One can only grasp this paradox, laid out in a whole series of books in the 1920s and 30s, if one recognizes that his very aim is to help us avoid getting caught up in our tendency to stabilize fluency again. Instead of making us kings of reality and gods of the mystery of existence in mastering fixed conceptual abstractions, the complex apparatus of Whitehead’s conceptual language presents itself as a gift—a method of unknowing, if you will—forcing us always to reenter the process of thinking again. Whitehead wants us, always anew, to become creative seekers and creators of new realities and ideas in the pursuit of the art of life.
With creativity as ground, and with the method of contrast in mind, we can now add two further characteristics of Whitehead’s binocular perspectivism: mutuality as the mode of togetherness and events as the place of its happening.
The first, mutuality, appears in endless variations throughout Whitehead’s work, leading up to his last public lecture, “Immortality,” given in 1941. Here, for the last time, Whitehead, in the strongest and most universal terms possible, summarizes his view on the ever creative, contrasting process in terms of the “essential relevance” of every factor of the universe for the other. Even the “contrast of finitude and infinity arises from the fundamental metaphysical truth that every entity involves an indefinite array of perspectives” so that no “finite perspective” can ever “shake off its essential connection with” its “infinite background” (Imm., 682).
Yet, these mutually contrasting perspectives are in need of a creative meeting place within the concrete flux of things. They convene in events of the momentary unification of differences. Created from the complex multiplicities they gather, these events add themselves to a new multiplicity of perspectives, issuing into novel expressions of the creative process that generates the universe. Yes, Whitehead was a pluralist! Yet he filtered his pluralism through concrete events in which mind and matter, past and future, facts and values, abstracts and concretes, and flux and permanence find themselves in mutual enjoyment. In such momentary suspensions of inherent conflicts, their contrasted opposites avoid the impasse of motionless coagulation and instead generate a creative passage into the unprecedented.
Because of the enjoyment of togetherness and the pulsation of influx and effluence, the creative contrasting of perspectives always happens as events of experience. Conversely, the universe exhibits a cosmic convergence of infinitely diverse perspectives, oscillating in the mutual immanence of experiences of events. And it is in this synthesis of universal sympathy that the universe harbors a sense of “eternal greatness” as always already “incarnate in the passage of temporal fact” (AI, 33).
Roland Faber, "Whitehead's Universe: Past and Future" in Depths as Yet Unspoken: Whiteheadian Excursions in Mysticism, Multiplicity and Divinity | <urn:uuid:79687f00-58f3-4196-8040-ea4540094ee1> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.openhorizons.org/keep-seeking-and-creating-what-whitehead-wants.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.941139 | 863 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Meeting dog owners struggling with severe behavioural issues who remain closed-minded about new tools, techniques, or strategies is disheartening. They often believe using any form of negative consequence is cruel, mean, outdated, and abusive. They’ve been convinced that positive reinforcement is the only way to train. The same mindset is applied to children as well.
The Dangers of Following the Crowd
If you stay closed-minded and follow popular opinion rather than what’s best for your dog, here’s what may happen:
- Unsolved behaviour problems: Unable to address the issue, you might decide to rehome your dog.
- Rehoming and shelters: The dog is given to a shelter, becoming someone else’s responsibility. This can be both irresponsible and dangerous.
- The shelter’s struggle: Overworked shelter staff may not have the time or resources to significantly impact the dog’s behaviour, making adoption less likely.
- The tragic outcome: The dog may suffer in the kennel, its behaviour may worsen, and eventually, euthanasia might be considered the most humane option. In Australia, one dog is put down for behavioural issues every 20 minutes.
In the end, closed-mindedness can be fatal for dogs, and similarly, children with this mindset may grow up to face issues like imprisonment. | <urn:uuid:23bc9dde-5a31-44d3-a408-8b51360e4f01> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.perthcaninecraft.com.au/closed-minded-dog-training-impact/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.936501 | 280 | 2.859375 | 3 |
The Flipflopi, (pictured) a nine-meter-long boat made from 10,000 tons of plastic waste collected at beach clean-ups along the Kenyan coast, is set for a historic voyage across Lake Victoria to help create awareness on plastic waste management.
The trip, the boat’s second after making its first historic journey 18 months ago from Lamu, Kenya to Zanzibar, Tanzania, will also petition all East African Community member states to reach a regional consensus on banning non-essential single-use plastics.
Ali Skanda, co-founder of the Flipflopi project, said that the boat will stay in western Kenyan city of Kisumu for three months to allow local populations to have a look at it and change their way of disposing of plastics.
“The boat will then start sailing around Lake Victoria, starting from Kisumu, through Mfangano Island in western Kenya, into Uganda and finally to Tanzania, highlighting the impact of pollution on the vital Lake Victoria ecosystem,” Skanda said in Nairobi on Tuesday.
He said the boat was launched in September 2018 in Lamu to mark the clean-up day celebrations to raise awareness about plastic pollution, and to encourage a movement away from unsustainable plastic consumption practices.
Skanda said that, during the trip, the boat will be engaging governments, business leaders, community leaders, conservationists, and students on viable solutions for the pollution menace around Lake Victoria, Africa’s largest freshwater lake.
“Our hope is that this expedition will bring much-needed attention to action on the catastrophic pollution plaguing the most critical freshwater ecosystem in the region,” said Skanda.
He said that the world is tired and getting suffocated with the bad behavior of man that over time, has led to production and irresponsible usage of effluents.
“We intend to engage communities on traditional circular economy principles relating to both plastic and non-plastic pollutants through education and sharing of experiences and showcase local innovations,” said Skanda.
The expedition comes at a time when the lake, which spans three countries and home to more than 40 million people, has been under increased pressure from mismanaged waste and pollution that has severely impacted the health of communities and threatened its survival.
Juliette Biao Koudenoukpo, director and Africa regional representative at UN Environment Program (UNEP), said that the expedition to the lake is a simple but critical message to the attention of governments, local authorities, stakeholders and communities in the region to save the lake before it is too late.
“The destruction of this vital source of water means putting millions of peoples’ livelihoods at risk,” said Koudenoukpo.
She appealed for urgent action to reverse the environmental degradation that is having a grave impact on the lake and all those who rely on it for their livelihoods.
Koudenoukpo said that UNEP’s support of the expedition aims to galvanize change amongst governments, the public, the private sector, and civil society to beat plastic pollution. | <urn:uuid:a32cc073-f9ec-4631-9087-a11c57958751> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.philosophicalmisadventures.com/recycled-plastic-boat-to-sail-across-lake-victoria.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.940368 | 637 | 2.921875 | 3 |
How did I do this analysis for “Peeling the Onion“?
1. I plotted nitrate against log-transformed streamflow and realized that the linear regression I tried a couple years ago doesn’t actually work because the relationship is non-linear, even after log-transforming the data. The high R-squared and significant p-values were leading me astray because the data is skewed, auto-correlated, and heteroskedastic, violating all the assumptions of the statistical model!
2. I consulted Chapter 12 of Statistical Methods in Water Resources, which recommended fitting a loess smooth to the explanatory variable (discharge) and running a Mann-Kendall test on the residuals. In the presence of skewed data, Theil-Sen robust line works better than an OLS best fit line. Step 1, figure out what that means. Step 2, figure out how to do it.
3. But first, I plotted the residuals against a moving average of flow in the last 365 days to account for antecedent moisture conditions. Here I went with a linear regression, but got a poor fit until I realized I needed to include an interaction term in the model. There’s no relationship between antecedent moisture and flow-adjusted nitrate concentrations when there’s not enough water to flush nitrate out of the soil. Silly me!
4. I tried to correct for seasonal differences in nitrate concentrations, but realized it didn’t explain much unless you make it really complicated. The difference between spring (Apr-Jun) and summer (Jul-Sep) is already explained by lower flow in summer. The difference between summer and fall (Oct-Dec) is a difference in the shape of the nitrate-flow relationship. During low flows, nitrate will be higher in fall than summer because of denitrification in the stream.
5. I spent a long time debugging code to make that three pane graph with model coefficients.
Okay, that was really hard. I would never have done that if I’d known what I was getting myself into! However, now that the code is written, it’ll be relatively easy to redo this analysis for other streams in Iowa. | <urn:uuid:855242a6-c0c3-4613-a112-2bd386ff3e3c> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.prrcd.org/the-making-of-peeling-the-onion/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.949947 | 466 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Genomes of all known members of a Plasmodium subgenus reveal paths to virulent human malaria
Otto T., Gilabert A., Crellen T., Böhme U., Arnathau C., Sanders M., Oyola S., Okauga A., Boundenga L., Wuillaume E., Ngoubangoye B., Moukodoum N., Paupy C., Durand P., Rougeron V., Ollomo B., Renaud F., Newbold C., Berriman M., Prugnolle F.
Plasmodium falciparum, the most virulent agent of human malaria, shares a recent common ancestor with the gorilla parasite P. praefalciparum. Little is known about the other gorilla and chimpanzee-infecting species in the same (Laverania) subgenus as P. falciparum but none of them are capable of establishing repeated infection and transmission in humans. To elucidate underlying mechanisms and the evolutionary history of this subgenus, we have generated multiple genomes from all known Laverania species. The completeness of our dataset allows us to conclude that interspecific gene transfers as well as convergent evolution were important in the evolution of these species. Striking copy number and structural variations were observed within gene families and one, stevor shows a host specific sequence pattern. The complete genome sequence of the closest ancestor of P. falciparum enables us to estimate confidently for the first time the timing of the beginning of speciation to be 40,000-60,000 years ago followed by a population bottleneck around 4,000-6,000 years ago. Our data allow us also to search in detail for the features of P. falciparum that made it the only member of the Laverania able to infect and spread in humans. | <urn:uuid:54a6c815-cace-48c3-90a9-91fba3c28696> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.rdm.ox.ac.uk/publications/974743?6667268a-8eb7-11ee-82f5-062b13497950 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.864736 | 390 | 2.609375 | 3 |
I was wondering the logic behind :
name = gets.chomp
I start to learn Ruby and it seems easy to understand we can set a value
to a variable or even a value that we want to “.gets” and “.chomp” but
how can we set directly a method (or several methods) to a variable.
To compare this to the English language I don’t quit understand a
definition which state : a noun = a verb.
Thanks in advance for your insight!
If you’re starting with Ruby, you should probably leave assigning
methods to variables until later; once you’ve learned more about the
rest of the language.
The reason to keep a method inside a variable would usually be so that
you can pass it between objects and manipulate it. That’s
metaprogramming, which should probably be left alone until you have a
firm grasp of programming.
Here’s a way of calling a method without having to directly use the
class that the method belongs to:
a_class = A.new
method = a_class.method(:a)
=> #<Method: A#a>
Programming languages are not English. When you write
x = abc
ruby evaluates the right hand and assigns the result to x.
Ruby allows you to be brief, but you can rewrite your example as
input = Kernel.gets()
name = input.chomp()
gets is a class method of the Kernel class, returning a String object,
the next input line.
chomp is a method defined on instances of the String class, returning a
new String object, the chomped line.
The method is called gets because it gets (and return) an input line. It
is called chomp because it chomps the string.
If you need to assign methods to a variable, you can do:
m1 = Kernel.method(:gets)
m2 = String.instance_method(:chomp)
m3 = m2.bind(“hello world”)
m4 = “hello world”.method(:chomp) | <urn:uuid:da536366-66c1-4274-91b5-901f8f3ff9de> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.ruby-forum.com/t/beginner-q-variable-method-method/244349 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.863342 | 468 | 3.75 | 4 |
Chelter Marmara monastery is the largest cave monastery in Crimea. It is located in the picturesque Kara-Kobin valley. Chelter-Marmara means “marble lattice”. The same name was once given to a medieval village located on the slope of a mountain. If you look closely, you can still find fragments of ceramic dishes or tiled roofs on the paths.
Many Christian churches in the Crimea appeared on the very places that were considered sacred in paganism. One of these structures can be called the cave monastery of Chelter-Marmara, which appeared in the 18th century.
From afar, you can see five tiers of caves in a 40-meter cliff. Outside, the monastery is equipped with a system of wooden stairs, balconies and passages between the tiers and separate entrances to the caves. About fifty caves — four churches, cells, refectory, utility rooms-have been preserved in good condition. Thirty others were badly destroyed. Some of them are inaccessible, and you can only get there with special equipment.
However, now the cave monastery of Chelter-Marmara is experiencing its revival. The recently empty caves and caves were inhabited by monks who lead a hermit’s life. They restore staircases, insulate cells, and run a subsidiary farm. The brothers use depressions cut in the rock by ancient monks to collect water and store grain.
On the second level of the monastery complex there are eight largest caves. Here is the largest cave temple in Crimea with an area of about 150 square meters with an altar, font and even graves. It is located in a natural, as if specially created by nature, karst cavity with several stone columns. Now the main temple of the monastery has been restored, and the iconostasis has been updated in the ancient likeness.
The third tier of the monastery was almost completely devoted to residential cells. On the fourth floor, all types of premises were located at once — both residential, religious, and economic. It is assumed that this floor was occupied by the Abbot of the monastery. At the entrance to the fifth level, there is a small niche, which most likely served as a chapel.
The monks who live in the monastery of St. Sava the Consecrated located in Chelter-Marmara are sure that this place is still particularly blessed. It brings peace and distracts from the worldly bustle. The spiritual hospital — as the monastery is called by the Holy fathers-helps to be cleansed from all sins.
Location : Sevastopol | <urn:uuid:49ae703b-cdaa-402c-89cc-30ddbd432897> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.russinfo.in/sevastopol/shrines-temples/chilter-marmara-cave-monastery/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.980081 | 529 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Because it is constantly changing, marketing to various generations is even more difficult. Even if you believe that a generation is generally homogeneous, you must still consider how the generation changes over time as it is impacted by the events that occur to it. Consider the Millennial generation. As we all struggled to comprehend Millennials, they went on to grow up and start having children.
Source: Safalta.comThey are becoming the generation that settles down and turns to the past to see what lies ahead.
With the help of trends, developments, and events that shaped their upbringing, generational marketing aims to understand how a particular age group behaves as consumers.
For businesses to develop effective marketing campaigns that connect with their target audience, it is essential to comprehend the various generational mindsets.
What is generational marketing?
There are a few crucial considerations when it comes to technology and generational marketing. The comfort levels of different generations with technology vary, to start. Gen Z may be more at ease with technology, whereas The Silent Generation may not be. The second is that different generations consume content through various channels. For instance, compared to Baby Boomers, Gen Z is more likely to use social media.
The various generations' interactions with technology are summarised in the following list:
Silent Generation (born 1925–1945): This generation uses technology the least frequently and many are still not online. Traditional marketing methods like print, radio, and television have a higher likelihood of connecting with them.
Baby Boomers (born 1946–1964): Although this generation is more accustomed to technology than the Silent Generation, they still lag behind more recent generations in terms of technological proficiency. However, they are less likely to shop online, preferring to use the Internet for communication and research.
Generation X (born 1965-1980): This generation is the first to grow up with technology, and they are very comfortable with it. They have a higher propensity to conduct all of their social and shopping activities online. Additionally, they have a higher likelihood of being early adopters of new technologies.
Millennials (born 1981–1996): Compared to Generation X, this generation uses technology more frequently and is also very accustomed to it. Both online shopping and the use of social media for marketing purposes are more prevalent among this generation.
Generation Z (born 1997-2012): This generation is the most tech-savvy of all, and they have grown up with the internet and social media. The likelihood of them watching TV or listening to the radio is lower, and the likelihood of them using their phones and tablets for everything is higher.
The way that various generations use technology differs significantly, as you can see. For this reason, it's critical that companies customize their marketing initiatives for each generation. For instance, a company aiming to appeal to Baby Boomers might want to concentrate on print and television ads, whereas a company aiming to appeal to Millennials might want to concentrate on social media and online marketing.
For generational marketing, consider the following advice on using technology:
Understand the different generations and their relationship with technology. In generational marketing, this is the most crucial step. When you are aware of how each generation uses technology, you can start to adjust your marketing strategies.
Take the appropriate routes. The marketing channels that different generations use vary. When it comes to reaching Baby Boomers, for instance, traditional media like print and television are more effective than social media and online marketing.
Make content that appeals to every generation. Your marketing campaigns' content should be pertinent to the generation you are trying to reach. In contrast to a campaign aimed at Baby Boomers, one that is directed at Millennials should adopt a more informal and conversational tone.
Employ images. Visual learners make up the majority of Generations X, Y, and Z. The use of visuals in marketing campaigns, such as infographics, videos, and images, increases the likelihood that they will engage the audience.
Bring in the crowd. Generations X, Y, and Z can be effectively communicated using social media. To make it simple for users to share your content with their friends and followers on social media, include social media sharing buttons on your website and in all of your marketing materials.
ConclusionUtilizing technology to build generational marketing campaigns that are successful and reach your target audience is possible if you follow these guidelines. Generative marketing is a great place to start when trying to understand and target your ideal client.
What is generational marketing?
Why is generational marketing important?
What are the different generations?
Silent Generation (born 1925-1945)
Baby Boomers (born 1946-1964)
Generation X (born 1965-1980)
Millennials (born 1981-1996)
Generation Z (born 1997-2012)
Each generation has its own unique characteristics and values. For example, Silent Generation members are more likely to be conservative and traditional, while Generation Z members are more likely to be progressive and tech-savvy.
How do different generations use technology?
How can businesses use tech in generational marketing?
Use the right channels to reach each generation. For example, Baby Boomers are more likely to be reached through traditional channels such as print and television, while Millennials are more likely to be reached through social media and online marketing.
Create content that is relevant to each generation. For example, a campaign that is targeted at Millennials should use a more casual and conversational tone than a campaign that is targeted at Baby Boomers.
Use visuals. Generations X, Y, and Z are all very visual learners. This means that they are more likely to be engaged by marketing campaigns that use visuals, such as infographics, videos, and images.
Make it social. Social media is a great way to reach Generations X, Y, and Z. Make sure to include social media sharing buttons on your website and in your marketing materials so that people can easily share your content with their friends and followers. | <urn:uuid:00220e1d-8ba6-48ee-aa56-e753e1e619b7> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.safalta.com/online-digital-marketing/tech-and-generational-marketing | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.955405 | 1,214 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Here's another reason to eat your broccoli: UCLA researchers report that a naturally occurring compound found in broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables may help protect against respiratory inflammation that causes conditions like asthma, allergic rhinitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Published in the March edition of the journal Clinical Immunology, the research shows that sulforaphane, a chemical in broccoli, triggers an increase of antioxidant enzymes in the human airway that offers protection against the onslaught of free radicals that we breathe in every day in polluted air, pollen, diesel exhaust and tobacco smoke. A supercharged form of oxygen, free radicals can cause oxidative tissue damage, which leads to inflammation and respiratory conditions like asthma.
"This is one of the first studies showing that broccoli sprouts — a readily available food source — offered potent biologic effects in stimulating an antioxidant response in humans," said Dr. Marc Riedl, the study's principal investigator and an assistant professor of clinical immunology and allergy at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA.
"We found a two- to three-fold increase in antioxidant enzymes in the nasal airway cells of study participants who had eaten a preparation of broccoli sprouts," Riedl said. "This strategy may offer protection against inflammatory processes and could lead to potential treatments for a variety of respiratory conditions."
The UCLA team worked with 65 volunteers who were given varying oral doses of either broccoli or alfalfa sprout preparations for three days. Broccoli sprouts are the richest natural source of sulforaphane; the alfalfa sprouts, which do not contain the compound, served as a placebo.
Rinses of nasal passages were collected at the beginning and end of the study to assess the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes in cells of the upper airways. Researchers found significant increases of antioxidant enzymes at broccoli sprout doses of 100 grams and higher, compared with the placebo group.
The maximum broccoli sprout dosage of 200 grams generated a 101-percent increase of an antioxidant enzyme called GSTP1 and a 199-percent increase of another key enzyme called NQO1.
"A major advantage of sulforaphane is that it appears to increase a broad array of antioxidant enzymes, which may help the compound's effectiveness in blocking the harmful effects of air pollution," Riedl said.
According to the authors, no serious side effects occurred in study participants receiving broccoli sprouts, demonstrating that this may be an effective, safe antioxidant strategy to help reduce the inflammatory impact of free radicals.
Riedl notes that more research needs to be done to examine the benefits of sulforaphane for specific respiratory conditions. It is too early to recommend a particular dosage.
Riedl recommends including broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables as part of a healthy diet.
The study was supported by the National Institutes of Health, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Other study authors include Dr. Andrew Saxon of the Hart and Louis Lyon Laboratory, division of clinical immunology and allergy in the department of medicine at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, and Dr. David Diaz-Sanchez of the human studies division of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Materials provided by University of California - Los Angeles. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.
Cite This Page: | <urn:uuid:8bedfa91-3544-41f1-aaff-789e9526f25c> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/03/090302133218.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.923865 | 690 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Humans share over 90% of their DNA with their primate cousins. The expression or activity patterns of genes differ across species in ways that help explain each species' distinct biology and behavior.
DNA factors that contribute to the differences were described on Nov. 6 at the American Society of Human Genetics 2012 meeting in a presentation by Yoav Gilad, Ph.D., associate professor of human genetics at the University of Chicago.
Dr. Gilad reported that up to 40% of the differences in the expression or activity patterns of genes between humans, chimpanzees and rhesus monkeys can be explained by regulatory mechanisms that determine whether and how a gene's recipe for a protein is transcribed to the RNA molecule that carries the recipe instructions to the sites in cells where proteins are manufactured.
In addition to improving scientific understanding of the uniqueness of humans, studies such as the investigation conducted by Dr. Gilad and colleagues could have relevance to human health and disease.
"Through inter-species' comparisons at the DNA sequence and expression levels, we hope to identify the genetic basis of human specific traits and in particular the genetic variations underlying the higher susceptibility to certain diseases such as malaria and cancer in humans than in non-human primates," said Dr. Gilad.
Dr. Gilad and his colleagues studied gene expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines, laboratory cultures of immortalized white blood cells, from eight humans, eight chimpanzees and eight rhesus monkeys.
They found that the distinct gene expression patterns of the three species can be explained by corresponding changes in genetic and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms that determine when and how a gene's DNA code is transcribed to a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule.
Dr. Gilad also determined that the epigenetics process known as histone modification also differs in the three species. The presence of histone marks during gene transcription indicates that the process is being prevented or modified.
"These data allowed us to identify both conserved and species-specific enhancer and repressor regulatory elements, as well as characterize similarities and differences across species in transcription factor binding to these regulatory elements," Dr. Gilad said.
Among the similarities among the three species were the promoter regions of DNA that initiated transcription of a particular gene.
In all three species, Dr. Gilad's lab found that transcription factor binding and histone modifications were identical in over 67% of regulatory elements in DNA segments that are regarded as promoter regions.
The researchers presentation is titled, "Genome-wide comparison of genetic and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in primates."
Cite This Page: | <urn:uuid:886c2acf-402f-4e38-b4e2-131fc7fe0c6e> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/11/121106201124.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.94711 | 522 | 3.78125 | 4 |
Negotiations – ‘Social Loafing’ at the Table?
For high stakes negotiations, deciding on the number of people at the table is an important part of planning. The answer lies somewhere in between the old adages, ‘two heads are better than one’ and ‘too many cooks spoil the broth’.
Guidance on team size can be gained from the pioneering work of Maximillian Ringlemann, a French scientist working at the turn of the last century. Ringlemann’s interest was in power and in his day, the most common source of power was the horse. He harnessed a horse to a measuring device and determined the amount of power generated (one horsepower I imagine).
He then harnessed two horses together to the same measuring device and measured the resultant power generated. To his surprise the answer was not two horsepower. It was less than two. He then added a further horse and again the average power generated was less than that provided by two. Each time an additional horse was added, the less each horse worked.
Ringlemann then repeated his experiment using manpower, measuring the force generated by a single person pulling on a rope, then he added a second and then a third. The results replicated that of the horses; the more people added to the rope, the less effort each provided.
Although Ringlemann did not invent the term, he had discovered the phenomenon of ‘social loafing’. All of us have experienced this without realising the exact nature of ‘social loafing’ when we have been part of a large team.
In a social context, this can be annoying, but there can be disastrous consequences in dangerous situations such as air traffic control. There are numerous examples of when things have gone wrong with too many people responsible for the safe transit of an aircraft, as it is easy to assume others will “pick up the slack”.
Social scientists have found that the ideal number for a team to prevent ‘social loafing’ is between three and five members. Interestingly, this coincides with the three tasks that Scotwork advises.
Scotwork teaches that there are three distinct tasks that need to be performed in each negotiation: leader, summariser and observer. The leader is the key decision maker, but not the only speaker. The summariser is there to ask questions and provide regular summations of what both parties have said. The observer is to focus on the other party and try to determine their underlying strategies; what they hope to avoid and what they are hoping to achieve.
Note that these are three tasks and on many occasions the negotiator will have to perform all three themselves. Examples include the daily micro-negotiations about time, resources and support that occur throughout each working day.
In large complex negotiations, there may be a need for specialist technical expertise to be added to the team. These specialists could, if necessary, perform the task of summariser when not offering their technical advice.
The best solution is that offered by Goldilocks – not so small as to be overwhelmed by the complexity, and not so large as to trip each other up. So, the number should be ‘just right’. No matter the size of the team, they must have discipline in terms of their preparation and agreement on the objectives to be achieved, along with the strategy to be adopted. Any differences on these matters should be settled during preparation.
A small, disciplined team will always be far more effective than a larger highly qualified team when it comes to successful negotiation. | <urn:uuid:c860b2f3-aed9-4a7a-accb-d5b8471097aa> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.scotwork.com.au/insights/2020/the-ideal-size-for-a-negotiating-team/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.973172 | 731 | 2.65625 | 3 |
What Does 925 Mean on Jewelry?
When buying new jewelry, you want to make sure that your jewelry items are genuine. Not only is this helpful for your own peace of mind -- so that you know your fingers won’t turn green after a while -- but it is also a sound financial decision. Being tricked into purchasing fake silver jewelry can mean that you will ultimately end up spending more money later on to purchase the genuine sterling silver piece you had initially intended to buy. This 925 Jewelry Guide will help you determine genuine jewelry pieces vs jewelry items that are plated or filled. If you see “925” on jewelry, it means that the base metal is sterling silver, regardless of its outer layer or appearance. For more information, check out our Gold Filled Vs Gold Plated blog, and our Complete Guide: Pros and Cons of Gold Plated Jewelry.
In this complete 925 Jewelry Guide, you will learn:
What is Sterling Silver?
Sterling silver is a silver alloy made with copper and other metals to create sterling silver. To be considered sterling silver, the item must contain at least 92.5% silver, which is why sterling silver is stamped with “.925.” The metal alloy composition of sterling silver makes it harder than pure silver and less likely to scratch the pure silver, but still fairly easy to scratch. Regarding color and appearance, sterling silver can range from a bright white appearance to a gray white, and can have a matte or shiny finish.
What is an alloy?
Metal alloys are compounds composed of at least 1 metal and other metal or non-metal elements. The end result is an impure substance or mixture of chemical elements that retains the characteristics of metal. The composition of the metal determines the characteristics or properties of the metal (e.g. its strength and corrosion resistance). In a metal alloy, there is usually a primary base metal, and the name of this base metal can also be the name of the alloy. For instance, a silver alloy contains copper or nickel, though it is simply called “silver.”
Some examples of metal alloys are:
- Brass. Zinc + Copper
- Bronze. Tin + Copper
- Rhodium. Copper + Tin + Zinc + Nickel
- Pewter. Tin + Copper/Bismuth/Antimony
- Red Bronze. 80% Copper + Deoxidizers
What causes silver to tarnish?
Silver jewelry items are known to tarnish. The reason for this is because the metal alloy (usually copper) reacts to oxygen, sulfur and moisture in the air. When copper oxidizes in the air, a build up occurs on the outer layer of the sterling silver piece. Though tarnishing can be seen as a bad thing, it is a sign that the silver item is genuine sterling silver. To keep your sterling silver jewelry looking new:
- It needs to be regularly polished with a special cloth or dipped in a jewelry cleaning solution
- Keep the jewelry items in tarnish preventative bags
- Store them in a cool, dry place
- Contact with certain materials (e.g. cosmetics, hairspray, perfume, deodorant, body lotion, bleach, etc.) can speed up the tarnishing process. So, put your sterling silver jewelry on after you have applied any of these materials and keep away from bleach
- Before putting on your jewelry, use soap and water to wash the areas where your silver jewelry will touch your skin. Make sure your skin is completely dry before putting silver jewelry on.
How to prevent tarnish on your 925 sterling silver jewelry?
Try these products:
What is 925 Silver?
925 silver is sterling silver. The 925 stamp on jewelry is a hallmark found on silver jewelry and is used to denote the silver item is sterling silver, or 92.5% silver. 925 sterling silver means that the composition of the silver is 92.5% pure silver. The remaining 7.5% is composed of alloy metals, usually copper or nickel.
Sterling Silver vs Silver
The silver purity is determined by the amount of precious metal (i.e. silver) within the alloy mass. To denote silver purity levels in jewelry items, the percentage of silver is commonly displayed as a decimal.
- 99.9% purity: .999 [fine silver, pure]
- This is the closest metal to the pure element of silver. The remaining 0.1% is composed of insignificant trace elements. In appearance, this fine silver appears more dull and gray than .925 sterling silver. It is very soft and will dent, scratch, or change shape very quickly. Because of this, it is not often used for jewelry items. However, the benefits of fine silver are that it is easy to form and is highly resistant to tarnish. It is best used for earrings or necklaces, rather than bracelets or rings which are bumped more frequently.
- 92.5% purity: .925 [sterling silver, alloy]
- This silver purity is the color most recognized with the “silver color.” 925 silver is the silver standard in the US and most world markets. The remaining 7.5% is usually copper, but can be nickel. This silver is bright and shiny, but can dent, scratch, and tarnish easily.
- 90.0% purity: .900 [alloy]
- This alloy was once common in the US and was composed of 90% silver and 10% copper. This silver (also known as coin silver) was named because it was made from refined scrap coins.
- 83.5% purity: .835 [alloy]
- 835 is the purity hallmark of European silver, which contains 83.5% silver and 16.5% copper. The stamp “835” imprinted on silver is used to denote the silver items were produced in the countries of Belgium, Austria, the Netherlands, Germany and Portugal.
- 80.0% purity: .800 [alloy]
- Silver with an 800 grade value is a silver alloy containing 80% silver and 20% other metals.
What is 925 Gold?
Sometimes, when buying gold jewelry, many people don’t realize the “925” stamp. It can be easy to overlook this small hallmark and is only realized when the outside gold layer wears off or the underlying metal core peaks through. Many people have said that the 925 on gold jewelry means that the item is made of 925/1000 parts gold, or 92.5% gold. However, this is false. 925 is not an accepted value for gold purity and it has no connection to karat hallmarks, which denote gold purity. When the 925 hallmark is seen on jewelry where the outside appears to be gold, this is gold vermeil jewelry. 925 gold means that the jewelry item is gold plated with a 925 sterling silver base.
What is Gold Vermeil?
Gold vermeil jewelry is a specific kind of gold plating, in which the base metal is .925 sterling silver. To create gold vermeil, a .925 sterling silver jewelry item is coated with a thin layer of gold that is at least 10 karats and 2.5 microns thick. To be legally called “vermeil,” the item must have a gold thickness of 2.5 microns and the coating must be over a sterling silver base.
In gold vermeil jewelry, the gold layer can range from different levels of gold purity (e.g. from 10 karat to 24 karat). The choice of gold purity for the gold layer determines the color of the gold vermeil piece: a 10K gold vermeil piece would be a lighter, more subtle yellow, whereas a 24K gold vermeil piece would have an intense, deep yellow color.
To know what is gold vermeil and what isn’t, there are two options:
In general, the process of plating is a piece of jewelry (that is made from a certain metal or alloy) is covered or coating with a layer of another metal. For the most part, plating of jewelry items is done to enhance the look or appearance of a piece of jewelry, not to fool buyers. A gold plated jewelry item typically has a base metal of copper or sterling silver with a thin layer of gold on the top. (Note: if the base is sterling silver, this is gold vermeil!) A silver plated jewelry item usually has a base metal of copper, brass, or nickel with a thin coating of silver on the outside.
So, what is the process of plating?
After the item is prepared, cleaned and rinsed (this can include stripping, polishing, sandblasting, tumbling, ultrasonic cleaning and steaming), a strike layer or flash layer is applied with a direct electric current. By using a direct electric current, the base metal and the coated metal partially dissolve, which creates a bond between the two layers. By creating a chemical bond, the plating is a permanent addition to the surface of the base metal.
However, the top coated layer can be worn off after months or years of use, since the top layer is so thin. The coated metal layer that is applied is generally less than 0.05% of the entire piece. When compared with filled jewelry, plated jewelry has a thinner coating.
Filled jewelry is similar to plated jewelry, except that the outer coating is much thicker, and so, these jewelry items tend to last longer and be more valuable. For example, there is almost 100% more gold in a gold filled item than in a gold plated item. Filled jewelry is regulated by the government and it is required by law that the gold layer (for gold filled) must be at least 5% of the total weight of the piece. The core metal for filled pieces is generally brass.
There are single clad filled pieces and double clad filled pieces. A single clad gold filled piece has all the gold content in a single layer on one side. A double clad gold filled piece splits the gold content between both sides of the item. Using heat and pressure, the outer gold alloy coating is then bonded to one or both surfaces of the base metal.
Solid jewelry is not the same as a jewelry with 100% metal purity level. A common misconception is that if the jewelry item is solid gold, then it is 100% gold (24K). The same goes for silver jewelry: sterling silver does not mean 100% pure. Solid jewelry means that the jewelry piece does not have an outer coat or layer that would change its appearance. Solid jewelry is usually made from alloys, since a lot of metals used for jewelry are too soft in their natural, pure state to retain a shape. | <urn:uuid:14c941ad-61fb-493f-a59f-0896cf876ce2> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.sincerelysilver.co/pages/what-does-925-mean-on-jewelry | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.930153 | 2,246 | 2.75 | 3 |
Neo-Impressionists Georges Seurat and Paul Signac pioneered a painting technique, dubbed Pointillism, that was revolutionary for its time. Bored of traditional paintings, artists of the era were searching for new ways to make “impressions” of landscapes and day-to-day life. Seurat and Signac looked to science for inspiration, and discovered how to trick the eye into seeing more in a painting than the sum of its parts: an arrangement of colored dots. Informally known stippling art or dot art, since its inception, Pointillism has influenced many artists working across a diverse range of mediums, and today we see traces of it in modern art, fashion, and tattoos.
What is Pointillism?
Part of the Post-Impressionist movement, Pointillism is the technique of painting with distinct dots of color, which are meticulously applied in patterns to compose a cohesive image. While Impressionists, such as Claude Monet and Vincent van Gogh, often used small dabs and strokes of paint as part of their technique, Pointillism artists took this idea a step further, by painting tightly packed, individual dots of pure color. When viewed from afar, the viewer’s mind and eye blur the dots together to create detailed images, comprising a fuller range of tones than the dots provide alone. The term “Pointillism” was in fact coined by art critics in the late 1880s to ridicule the works of these artists. Little did they know that the term would be used today as a positive association for some of the world’s most renowned master painters.
Influential Pioneer Artists of Pointillism
The first pioneer of Pointillism was French painter Georges Seurat, who founded the Neo-Impressionist movement. One of his greatest masterpieces, A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (1884–1886), was one of the leading examples of Pointillism. The dotty composition depicts 19th century Parisians relaxing on the River Seine. One of his other works painted shortly before—titled Bathers at Asnières (1884)—mirrors the riverbank scene. In this piece, the bathers are doused in light, while most of the people in the …Sunday Afternoon… painting are hidden in shade. Both pieces were painted on large canvases with dots of oil paint in a range of summer hues.
Another artist to adopt the revolutionary style was Paul Signac, who studied the science of dot art with Seurat. Since 1886, the French artist worked in this style throughout the entirety of his career, and carried on producing a large collection of Pointillism artwork, even after Seurat died in 1891, aged just 31. Among his most well-known works is The Pine Tree at St. Tropez, which depicts a brightly colored pine tree in the south of France; a place where the artist spent his time each summer. In another, titled Un Dimanche (A Sunday), Signac’s close-together, vibrant oil paint daubs depict a Parisian couple and their cat on a Sunday afternoon. This is an example of how Pointillism artists created clearer pictures: by painting smaller dots, closer together.
End of the Golden Age of Pointillism
By the 1890s, Pointillism had reached its peak, with many artists of the time choosing to adopt the technique. However, even though the golden age of Pointillism is now over, many of the concepts and ideas still continue to be used by artists today, in many different mediums.
Contemporary Pointillism Artists
One modern artist to adopt the Pointillism technique is Miguel Endara. His amazing photo-realistic piece titled Hero (2011) is made of of a staggering 3.2 million hand-drawn dots. The artist used just one pen—a Sakura Pigma Micron (nib size 005, 0.20 mm)—and took a full year to complete the piece. Endara reveals, “I logged in exactly 210 hours of just stippling.”
London-based watercolor artist Ana Enshina uses multicolored dots of various shapes and sizes to illustrate majestic animals. Dot by dot, the pointillistic artwork forms diverse creatures including a regal peacock, pink flamingo, and rainbow-colored owl.
Los Angeles-based artist Kyle Leonard (aka K.A.L) creates amazingly realistic drawings made up of countless tiny dots using fine-tipped pens. “Pointillism is my method of madness,” Leonard explains, referring to the painstaking technique. We commend his patience!
Swedish photographer Philip Karberg creates 3D Pointillism art using thousands of painstakingly arranged wooden pegs, painted in different colors, and placed into boards. The artist then photographs each of the peg portraits using his clever lighting skills to reveal the celebrity behind the glasses.
Another artist to take Pointillism to the third-dimension is Herb Williams, who used thousands of colorful crayons to create a colorful pixelated portrait of his client’s wife in the ‘60s. The artist explains, “When you're right up to the portrait, it's abstract, but from a distance it completely works.” He has since continued using crayons as his medium, and has even created life-sized dog sculptures from them.
Korean artist Jihyun Park approaches the art of Pointillism from an unorthodox direction—by creating it in reverse. The artist uses incense sticks to burn thousands of tiny holes into rice paper until he makes recognizable images of clouds, mountains and trees. Titled the Incense Series, the final hole-filled drawings are mounted on varnished canvases, which reflect light and reveal the image.
Finally, it’s impossible to write about Pointillism without mentioning the master of dot art, Japanese artist Yayoi Kusama. Although her work isn’t strictly Pointillism—as her patterns often don’t make up full images—it could be argued that dot painting could have been developed or inspired by the likes of Seurat and Signac.
Kusama incorporates polka dots into her work in almost all forms; she covers surfaces in polka dots, makes polka dot covered clothing, and even creates entire dot-filled environments and mind-boggling installations. She explains, “A polka-dot has the form of the sun, which is a symbol of the energy of the whole world and our living life, and also the form of the moon, which is calm. Round, soft, colorful, senseless and unknowing. Polka dots can't stay alone; like the communicative life of people, two or three polka dots become movement…polka-dots are a way to infinity.” | <urn:uuid:0b80ffda-a50c-4569-acdf-82f0c9e3e536> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.smartravel.ch/de/pioneers-pointillism-continue-influence-artists-today/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.958906 | 1,431 | 3.765625 | 4 |
Download free printable practice worksheets in Pdf for Class 12 Engineering Drawing which have been designed by teachers as per the latest trend followed in schools and expected questions in exams, These Worksheets for Grade 12 Engineering Drawing, have a full database of of important chapter wise solved questions, you can easily download NCERT Class 12 Engineering Drawing worksheets which also have advanced level solved question banks, workbooks and class tests to help you in the revision of important topics Class 12 Engineering Drawing. All free to download Pdf worksheets have been made as per the latest syllabus issued by CBSE, NCERT, KVS and covers topics given in NCERT book latest edition. Teachers of your school in Class 12 have recommended to download these worksheets. Class 12 Engineering Drawing practice solved worksheets have been developed by teachers as per the format used in your school exams which you can download in PDF. Click below links to free download the full set of free solved Worksheets and test papers. Access free CBSE NCERT printable worksheets for Standard 12 with answers prepared by expert teachers at StudiesToday.com, PDF download of Class 12 Engineering Drawing Worksheets with answers by clicking on the chapter wise links below
CBSE Class 12 Engineering Drawing Worksheets Pdf Download
By clicking on the links below you can download CBSE NCERT KVS Worksheets for Class 12 Engineering Drawing. Our faculty has designed these worksheets and have covered Class 12 Engineering Drawing important questions and solutions given in the latest CBSE books and expected to be asked in your exams. All subject and chapter-wise test papers with solved questions for Class 12 Engineering Drawing have been designed as per the latest pattern of questions asked in CBSE exams. CBSE Worksheets for Class 12 Engineering Drawing will support Class 12 Engineering Drawing students to understand the concepts and have strong preparation for class tests and upcoming examinations.
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Yes, practice worksheets for Class 12 Engineering Drawing are available in multiple languages, including English, Hindi | <urn:uuid:adb41818-d049-4a80-a79f-b71d4f1c93a9> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.studiestoday.com/printable-worksheets/654/engineering-drawing.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.926354 | 636 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Diabetes – What is Diabetes?
Diabetes is a serious condition that affects millions of people every year. It happens when the body does not produce enough insulin or utilize the insulin it has effectively.
The good news is that it can be cured and prevented or delayed by diet, exercise and medication. It’s also important to be aware of the symptoms to know if something is wrong and seek treatment.
What is diabetes?
Diabetes is a chronic illness (long-lasting), which alters how your body converts food into energy. It occurs when your pancreas isn’t producing enough insulin or isn’t able to use it as effectively as it should.
Insulin is a hormone that helps your cells absorb and use sugar, also known as glucose. People with type 2 diabetes don’t produce enough insulin, or their bodies can’t make it in a proper way.
In both types of diabetes, the blood sugar levels can become excessively high over time. This can lead to issues with your eyes, kidneys and feet. It can also cause damage to your heart arteries and brain.
Type 1 diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is caused by an autoimmune reaction, which means that your immune system attacks the pancreatic cells that produce insulin, and destroys them. This destruction can happen over months or years until it eventually leads to the total absence of insulin.
People suffering from type 1 diabetes require insulin every day. They must also monitor their blood sugar levels and adjust their insulin, food, and activity levels to keep their blood sugar levels within an acceptable range.
Type 2 diabetes
If you have type 2 diabetes your body doesn’t utilize insulin in the way it should. Insulin is a hormone that aids in the movement of glucose (blood sugar) from your blood into your cells which can then be utilized to generate energy.
Type 2 diabetics must exercise and adhere to a healthy diet. They may also have to take medication to manage their blood sugar levels.
Diabetes in women symptoms
Diabetes is a chronic illness that affects all races, ethnic groups and ages as well as genders. However women are at a greater risk than men.
Women with diabetes are more prone to experience complications, such as heart disease (the most frequent diabetes-related complication), and vision loss.
Polydipsia is a warning sign for women with diabetes. This is because diabetes causes excessive sugar to accumulate in the blood and the kidneys aren’t able get rid of it in a proper manner.
The signs of diabetes in men
Diabetes is a condition in which cells are not able to use glucose (blood sugar) for energy. This is typically due to the fact that the pancreas produces too little insulin.
This can lead to high blood glucose levels. The body then attempts to lower the level by flushing the excess glucose from your bloodstream through urine.
People who have diabetes often are thirsty and have to drink large amounts of fluids, as much as four liters a day.
The men may also lose weight since their bodies make use of muscle for energy rather than fat. This is due to the fact that their blood sugar level remains high for prolonged periods of time.
A healthy diet for diabetes can be a key part of managing the condition. It can help you control blood sugar levels and weight, as well as reduce the risk factors for heart diseases.
You should include whole food items in your diet, including fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Also, low-fat dairy products and legumes are good choices. It should be low in added sugars and saturated fats (unhealthy).
You might be advised to limit your consumption of drinks that are sweetened with sugar. These drinks are typically high in sugar, which can cause blood sugar levels to rise.
Your doctor may suggest diabetes medications to help keep your blood glucose (blood sugar) levels in a normal range. These medicines are usually combined with lifestyle changes, such as eating habits and exercise to help you manage your diabetes.
If your blood sugar levels aren’t being well managed by one medication it is possible that a different medicine will be added. Your doctor will guide you to determine the most appropriate medicine to meet your needs and preferences.
The latest medications, including sodium-glucose-cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon like antagonists of the peptide-1 receptors, lower blood sugar and have benefits for the kidneys and cardiovascular system, while decreasing the risk of complications. They also aid in weight loss and are available in injectable and tablet forms. | <urn:uuid:a5df3f30-702b-41de-8709-e746ea75c980> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.sugarsr4u.com/what-is-low-blood-sugar/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.953748 | 935 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Quantum computing is a leap closer to reality with a chemistry breakthrough demonstrating it is possible for nanomaterials to operate at room temperature rather than at abolute zero experienced in deep space (-273C).
Chemistry gives us the power to create nanomaterials on demand.
The key to quantum computing could be a simple as burning the active ingredient in moth balls; using this method, the holy grail of quantum computing – the ability to work in ‘real-world’ room temperatures – has been demonstrated by an international group of researchers, combining chemistry with quantum physics.
Co-led by Dr Mohammad Choucair – who recently finished a University of Sydney research fellowship gained as an outstanding early career researcher in the School of Chemistry – the 31-year-old has been working with collaborators in Switzerland and Germany for two years before the breakthrough.
The team has made a conducting carbon material that they demonstrated could be used to perform quantum computing at room temperature, rather than near absolute zero (-273°C).
The material is simply created by burning naphthalene; the ashes form the carbon material. Not only has it solved the question of temperature, it also addresses other issues such as the need for conductivity and the ability to integrate into silicon.
The results are published today in the high-impact journal Nature Communications.
Dr Choucair said the discovery meant as a result, practical quantum computing might be possible within a few years. “We have made quantum computing more accessible,” he said. “This work demonstrates the simple ad-hoc preparation of carbon-based quantum bits.
“Chemistry gives us the power to create nanomaterials on-demand that could form the basis of technologies like quantum computers and spintronics, combining to make more efficient and powerful machines.”
The next step is to build a prototyping chip – but Dr Choucair said he was particularly interested in the possibilities that could come from longer-term research. Rather than seeking comprehensive commercial opportunities, he plans to use the facilities at the University-based Australian Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology and further the work at its headquarters, the new $150m Sydney Nanoscience Hub.
Dr Choucair said he was passionate about improving technology for the public and supported open access research. “Quantum computing will allow us to advance our technology and our understanding of the natural world,” he said.
“Whether it’s designing drugs to cure cancer, cleaning our air or addressing our energy concerns, we need to build more complex computers to solve these complex problems.” | <urn:uuid:64143b32-3480-48b6-8678-03121a9a433e> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.sydney.edu.au/news-opinion/news/2016/07/18/quantum-computing-closer-with-chemistry-breakthrough.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.940979 | 534 | 3.671875 | 4 |
Updated: 6 days ago
Black Friday and Cyber Monday are nearby, and it is important to be aware of the manufacturing processes of products you might purchase. Numerous companies use child labor and implement poor working conditions and environmentally detrimental practices to produce commodities we are dependent on. Companies often outsource to countries, which lack oversight and regulation of human rights practices, for cheap labor. There are 152.1 children, 500,000 in the US, suffering through this problem. You can make an impact by holding these companies accountable by refusing to buy their products. We acknowledge that it is hard to stop using products that you rely on, so start small.
Some Companies that Use Child/Slave Labor or Have Poor Working Conditions: (For more information, you can click on the company. Some of these companies have codes of conduct that incorporates international standards prohibiting forced/child labor, but often these codes are not enforced, especially in the supplier chains. Additionally, some of these companies have admitted to using child/slave labor and have promised to address it; however, they have not fulfilled these promises)
Nestle/Mars/Cadbury/Hershey's: Twenty years after promising to stop using child labor, Cadury and Hershey’s along with other chocolate companies have not made much progress in eradicating child labor. These companies' supply chains exploit malnourished and impoverished children from ages 12 and above in Africa. There are buses that continuously transport trafficked children from Burkina Faso, a country in Africa, to work in cocoa fields in the Ivory Coast. Here is a quote from the Independent of a child laborer who works to make the chocolate sold at Cadbury. “[Abou Traore] says, eventually, that he’s been working the cocoa farms in Ivory Coast since he was 10. The other four boys say they are young, too – one says he is 15, two are 14 and another, 13. Abou says his back hurts, and he’s hungry. “I came here to go to school,” Abou says. “I haven’t been to school for five years now.”
Starbucks: Some investigators raided Starbuck’s coffee plantation in Brazil, finding workers who experienced conditions similar to modern-day slavery. According to Citizen Truth,“[the investigators] found workers living in degrading conditions and substandard housing without sewage or drinking water which they called analogous to slavery. The workers lived in collective housing in conditions that put workers’ health at risk. Workers told investigators that dead bats were often found in the water containers that they were told to use for drinking and eating, the containers were uncovered.”
Forever 21: This company has been sued multiple times for labor rights violations and “sweatshop-like conditions” for its workers. According to Business Insider, “One Los Angeles factory worker (Forever 21) told Bloomberg BusinessWeek she was paid 12 cents a piece to sew vests that sell for $13.80. It would take 67 vests an hour to earn $8 minimum wage.” Unlike its competitors, Forever 21 has not joined movements against child labor, such as Alliance for Bangladesh Worker Safety, unlike its competitiors.
Aeropostale/Urban Outfitters: Uzbekistan's government has continuously forced millions of children to leave school to work in cotton fields. Unlike Aeropostale, numerous companies, like Gap and Levi’s, have created policies to prohibit the use of Uzbek cotton and have spoken out against child and slave labor in the cotton industry.
H&M: In 2015, the company had 31 out of 72 illegal contacts with suppliers. H&M outsources to Cambodia and India, forcing laborers to work excessive hours in dangerous environments for low wages. A garment worker in Cambodia stated: "We often get sick around once a month. We don’t eat enough and work too much trying to maximize the piece rate. Also, we don’t stop to go to the bathroom. We often work through lunch breaks or go back into work early, so there is hardly any time to rest."
Zara/Mango: Child Syrian refugees from Turkey often make products illegally for these companies. Many of their supply chains are in Istanbul, where Turkish children as young as ten-years-old work in hazardous factories.
Topshop/Primark: These companies manufacture products in supply factories in India, Tanzania, and Pakistan, employing child laborers.
Disney: This company has multiple factories in China, where people, including children, work in unbearable working conditions.
More… (Look at the next pages) | <urn:uuid:71e49762-e10a-47ed-b32f-92f145fcd776> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.takeactioninc.com/post/black-friday-cyber-monday-companies-that-use-child-forced-labor-information | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.968975 | 961 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Paint is a great way for a child to express him or herself and learn about shapes and colors.Using just two or three colors and various sponges can create a wide variety of effects.
- Tempera or Washable Paint
- Two or three brushes depending on number of colors used
- White Paper (construction, scrapbook, cardstock or even sketch paper)
- Paint containers(small cups or plastic pallette
- Paper towels
- Select colors to be used. If child hasn't painted before, then just two color works fine.
- If it is not a new sponge, dampen very slightly.
- Have child paint directly on sponge with paint.
- Press onto paper making sure to help put some pressure on all areas for best print.
Tips and Suggestions
- Having a brush for each color makes it easier to monitor.
- Put just enough paint...too much paint can make you lose the texture.
- If making a new print, wash well and wring out most of the water, then "dry" a little more with a paper towel.
- Use other types of sponges. We tried some from a Dollar Store that were circular and came 6 in a pack.
- Cut the recangular sponge into basic shapes: (circle, square, triangle, rectangle)
- If you have small sponges, use it like a paint brush.
- Print on tissue paper to make pretty gift wrap.
- Toddler Activities involving use of paint are a great way to help develop fine motor skills as well as a great visual way to reinforce color recognition and even math concepts like counting.
- Ask your child which color he/she wants to use. Refer to the shape of the sponge being stamped.
- Count the number of stamped shapes or the colors used. | <urn:uuid:89e0506c-bb8f-47cc-b179-a99884b10a63> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.teaching-tiny-tots.com/sponge-painting.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.908629 | 377 | 3.75 | 4 |
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Aymara and Quechua nations, the Rapa-nui on the island, and the Mapuche have enormous differences in terms of culture, language, territory, and relationship with the Chilean state.
Close to Chile’s constitutional referendum on October 25, it remains unclear how the Indigenous population will participate in the drafting of the new Carta Magna. To better comprehend this topic, the historian, professor, and author of the book "A proposal for the teaching of Mapuche history" at the University of Chile Juan Carlos Painequeo offers his point of view about the Indigenous people’s situation in the South American nation.
What has been the trajectory of the Mapuche people's struggle up to this point?
The struggle of the Mapuche people has existed since the process of the Spanish conquest in 1550 approx, is the victory of Curalaba in 1598, and the subsequent signing of the Paces de Quillin in 1641 the immediate consequence of resistance, which secured the border and an autonomous territory for 300 years. The Chilean-Argentinean invasion during the years 1862-1885 subdued and broke this political autonomy of the Mapuche nation, subjecting the territories to a process of permanent colonization that has not ended so far. For the last 150 years, the Mapuche nation has maintained its spaces of resistance, reclaiming its historical territories stripped by the Chilean and Argentine armies' military campaigns. Likewise, cultural vindication has been the spearhead that has allowed the Mapuche nation to preserve its language, culture, and worldview, present to this day. For the last 30 years, the Mapuche nation has used the mechanisms signed by the Chilean-Argentinean states to claim collective rights guaranteed by ILO Convention 169 and the UN Declaration on Indigenous Peoples, among others. However, the process of colonization did not end with the war of invasion but has continued with the constant refusal of the states mentioned to recognize the pre-existence and plurinational in their fundamental charters.
How have Mapuche people participated in the movement of social struggle since 2019?
The Mapuche nation has maintained constant participation in the social struggle of the Chilean people. During the Pinochet dictatorship, the largest Mapuche organizations of the time raised the need to support the struggle for the liberation of the Chilean people. Unfortunately, the agreements reached in Nueva Imperial in 1989 between the candidate of the Concertación Patricio Aylwin and the Mapuche communities were not fulfilled in their entirety, including the promised constitutional recognition, which still does not exist today. Faced with this situation, during the Chilean mobilization in 2019, the Mapuche nation had active participation in support of Chilean socio-political demands. The wenufoye (Mapuche flag created in 1992) was raised en masse by the society demonstrating in different parts of the country. Finding similarities in the historic Mapuche struggle and resistance. There were also massive demonstrations in major cities of the country. Together with Chileans, they demolished large monuments to the Spanish genocide and Chilean generals who led the armed invasion of Mapuche territory in 1862.
How will the participation of indigenous peoples be in the drafting or modification of a new constitutional text?
The possibility of generating seats reserved for native peoples members when the constituent convention is elected is currently being discussed. These seats would provide a minimum floor for the participation of First Nations. However, in Chile, nine first nations predate the state, against which this small percentage of reserved seats would have to be divided among all of them. This would not be a problem if they were homogeneous cultures or belonging to adjacent territories; unfortunately, this is not the case. Since the Aymara and Quechua nations, the Rapa-nui on the island, and the Mapuche have enormous differences in culture, language, territory, and relationship with the Chilean state. This is already generating some discussions that may affect positive participation in drafting or modifying the constitution. If the reserved seats are not given, the First Nations will participate as citizens without further differentiation. In that scenario, it will be complex to present unified positions that will benefit all the First Nations in the territory.
How would the inclusion of the indigenous people's worldview in a new constitution impact Chile's political and social landscape?
The repercussions will be varied, starting with the country's economic model. The extractivist economic policy mainly affects territory belonging to the First Nations, mining in the North, and forestry in the South. If the First Nations' cultural notion is incorporated, the fierce extraction of natural resources that exists today will have to be modified. The discussion will be interesting, given that the Chilean economy went through extensive agro-industry in the 18th century, saltpeter in the 19th and 20th centuries, copper until today, and forestry in the last 50 years (forestry in private hands since the Pinochet dictatorship).
Another impact will be seen with the incorporation of the collective rights of the first nations. Chile was built on the idea of one nation, one state, and centralized in Santiago. When considering the Mapuche people's collective rights, in particular, we will have to talk about autonomous territories that do not depend on Santiago, which today is impossible to think about. It will be time to decentralize Chile. This will also affect the idea of nationhood that we have today, which was strengthened during the dictatorship (in Chile, there are no indigenous people; we are all Chileans). A plurinational state would change the same mental structure that has prevailed and taught in schools since the 19th century, which has not changed until now. | <urn:uuid:ab33cf69-8fae-4c05-873a-5d0153cd2585> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.telesurenglish.net/news/chile-how-indigenous-people-would-redraft-the-constitution-20201023-0016.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.951532 | 1,189 | 3.3125 | 3 |
For that indicator, we provide data for Grenada from 1990 to 2022. The average value for Grenada during that period was 11834 U.S. dollars with a minimum of 8190 U.S. dollars in 1993 and a maximum of 15402 U.S. dollars in 2018.
The latest value from 2022 is 14387 U.S. dollars. For comparison, the world average in 2022 based on 177
countries is 22410 U.S. dollars.
See the global rankings for that indicator or
use the country comparator to compare trends over time.
GDP per capita in Grenada and other countries is calculated as the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) divided by the population.
We show the GDP per capita in Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) terms, i.e. we calculate the GDP per capita in different countries using U.S. prices. The PPP measure is useful to compare income across countries. It allows us to answer the following question: 'What can the average person in some country buy if they paid U.S. prices?'
Moreover, we use constant prices. Using the prices from only one year allows us to compare GDP per capita over time as the effect of inflation is eliminated. Otherwise, we are not sure if the increase in GDP is due to price increases or to a growth in production.
GDP per capita varies considerably across countries. In advanced economies, it exceeds 35,000 dollars per year. In some very poor countries, it is less than 1000 dollars per year.
Definition: GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (PPP). PPP GDP is gross domestic product converted to international dollars using purchasing power parity rates. An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as the U.S. dollar has in the United States. GDP at purchaser's prices is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. Data are in constant 2011 international dollars. | <urn:uuid:0f8b65c2-ec0e-4f26-ab17-e5c74df4cccf> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/Grenada/GDP_per_capita_PPP/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.92183 | 436 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Wood is a material fit for the 21st century
When we think of wood, the first thing that comes to mind is probably furniture. In some countries, like the US, small houses are often still made of timber. But scientists and architects around the world are re-thinking this material, improving its properties and expanding its range of application, in the hope to develop an environmentally friendly substitute to the performant, but energy intensive, engineered materials we use today.
The structure of wood
We are all familiar with wood, but what exactly is it? Well, a simple definition is to say that wood is what trees' trunks are made of. Not all plants grow a woody trunk; we call trees those that do, and they make this sturdy brown material to carry nutrients from the roots to the tips of the tree and to supports the tree’s structure against the weather.
Wood has a cellular structure: if you looked at it under a microscope, you would see a bundle of fibers running along the trunk as well as other types of cells going in other directions. Three main ingredients make up the structure of wood: cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose. Cellulose is a chemical made out of sugar molecules and makes fibres that are very strong in tension. These fibres are like chains - which means if you pull on them they will resist but if you try to squash them, they will crumple. This would be very bad news for the tree, so to prevent it, trees strengthen their wood with lignin, a stiff polymer with a messy structure that stops the cellulose chains from collapsing under their own weight. Lignin is also what gives wood its brown colour. Finally, to stick the two together, there’s hemicellulose, which gives wood flexibility.
Deciduous trees like beech and oak produce what we call hardwood, whereas coniferous trees like spruce and pine make softwoods. These two groups of trees have been evolving separately for hundreds of millions of years so their woods have very different structures, with hardwoods being a lot more complex. However, just to confuse things, not all harwoods are hard and not all softwoods are soft: balsa wood, which is a very soft wood used to make model aeroplanes, is technically a hardwood - whereas yew trees, which you often see in graveyards, give a very hard wood but are categorised as softwoods.
Although it may look sturdy, at least half of a tree is made from the air. Thanks to photosynthesis, trees transform carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into the sugars that become the wood. To grow one kilogram of wood a tree has to draw down 1.6 kilograms of CO2. That’s why everyone talks about trees as one of the main solutions to oppose climate change.
Tall buildings made of timber
Small houses around the world are still made of wood today, but to make the skyscrapers or tall buildings one sees in cities, engineers use steel and concrete. These materials form the very foundation of our modern civilisation, but they require a lot of energy to produce and lead to massive amounts of carbon emissions, which drive global warming. This is why architects and engineers are attempting to develop new types of wood to make tall buildings.
One special material is called cross-laminated timber (CLT) and consists of wood planks glued together in mutually perpendicular directions to give uniform and high strength. This and other engineered wood materials are being used to build the Black & White building in London, which is set to become the tallest timber office building in the whole capital when complete in 2022. CLT is strong, it’s safe against fire and, if kept well, it is not going to rot, making the building last for at least 60 years. Moreover, building with timber is a lot simpler and safer, because the structures are pre-built in a factory and carried to the construction site. This makes building much faster, too, according to Waugh Thistleton Architects, the firm that designed the Black & White building. Wood also has much better acoustic properties than steel and concrete, so you don’t need to use additional material to make rooms comfortable for the people using them.
Sequestering carbon in buildings
An advantage of building with timber is that its carbon footprint is a lot lower, according to researcher Will Hawkins from the University of Bath. Steel and concrete must be produced at very high temperatures, which requires energy. Moreover, the chemical processes that take place when these materials are made intrinsically lead to carbon emissions which cannot be avoided. Instead, the processes that transform the trunk of a tree into a wooden plank require much less energy and could potentially be electrified in the future, leading to additional energy savings.
But the best aspect of wood is that it comes from trees, and while trees grow they draw down carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, helping oppose climate change. Storing this carbon in buildings is a good idea because they are the man-made objects that last the longest. However, we should be careful to design buildings as efficiently as possible, because trees are also important for biodiversity in forests. Moreover, the need for land to grow food or biomass for a growing population is high, so we cannot devote too much land to growing trees for timber. All these needs must be balanced to achieve a sustainable long-term solution.
Superwood and transparent wood
Scientists and engineers are also modifying wood to improve or change its properties. A research group at the University of Maryland recently succeeded in making transparent wood, by removing the lignin and substituting it with an optically transparent resin. This transparent wood material has better thermal properties than glass, is cheaper and more environmentally friendly to produce.
Teng Li, a researcher at the same university, also managed to compress and densify wood to create a material as strong as titanium and as hard as stainless steel. This involves two steps: firstly, a chemical process to remove the lignin from the wood, and then a pressing process which compacts the wood. Using this technique, the researchers made a wooden knife that can cut through steak!
The most useful wood ingredient is cellulose, and scientists are finding ways to extract cellulose from wood to make materials with very special properties. Silvia Vignolini, a researcher in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Cambridge, exploits the properties of cellulose at the nanoscale to make colourful, biodegradable pigments that can be used in cosmetics.
Cellulose has an ordered, crystalline structure which interacts with light in very special ways: it bends light rays so that we see colours such as blue, green and red. By controlling the chemistry of a solution with cellulose nanocrystals inside, the researchers can tune the colour of the cellulose. This has the potential to substitute plastic-based components of hundreds of cosmetic products in the industry, thus making for a sustainable, biodegradable solution.
Overall, we have only begun to scratch the surface of the immense potential wood has to solve the most pressing challenges of the 21st century. By looking at this old material in new ways, we can see how nature is offering us one of the best solutions to restore harmony with the environment. | <urn:uuid:17801baa-8361-44f2-95e3-bebdfe43b87f> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.thenakedscientists.com/articles/science-features/wood-material-fit-21st-century | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.960233 | 1,497 | 3.453125 | 3 |
LONDON — If there was a shortlist for “Greatest American novelist of the twentieth century” Saul Bellow is certainly a worthy candidate. For starters, the silverware the author has to his name — the Nobel Prize for Literature, three National Book Awards, and the Pulitzer Prize — makes him a strong contender.
But Bellow ticks the other numerous boxes required of a writer who perfectly embodies the mythology twentieth century American values were supposed to represent: ambition, aspiration, assimilation, and class mobility. And in his work, Bellow also wrote of a racially mixed culture that seemed to oscillate between the persecutory-old-world-discriminatory politics of Europe, and the utopian positivity that the United States — in theory — was intent on promoting.
Born into a family of Yiddish speaking Russian emigres in June, 1915, Bellow spent the first nine years of his childhood in Montreal before finally moving to Chicago, where he fully embraced the concept of becoming an American citizen.
In a newly published biography entitled, “The Life of Saul Bellow,” literary historian Zachary Leader has compiled a mesmerizing study of the critically acclaimed literary star who produced many classic works of literature, including “The Victim,” “The Adventures of Augie March,” and “Herzog.”
At 650 pages, this hefty tome is set to become the most comprehensive biography ever written on Bellow’s life. The book, published in May, is the first instalment of a two-part volume, with this section covering the years 1915 to 1964. The second half — when it comes out — will document the other half of Bellow’s life, until he died in 2005.
Bellow’s Jewish roots play a prominent role in much of Leader’s narrative and help explain what made the author stand tall in a literary culture that was, at the time, deeply conservative, and predominantly ruled by an elitist White-Anglo-Saxon-Protestant establishment.
Leader quotes numerous interviews throughout the book where Bellow speaks about the deep connections he felt throughout his life — especially during his childhood — to Judaism.
This awareness though, Bellow claimed, rarely had anything to do with studying the Talmud, or belonging to an Orthodox congregation that focused on theology.
“Saul Bellow once said when he felt his powers of perception were at their height, or when the world he lived in seemed the richest it could possibly become — in terms of customs and observance— he felt wholly Jewish,” says Leader, a 69-year-old American academic, who has lived in the UK for the past 40 years now.
As a child, Bellow did attend a synagogue and Hebrew school, Leader explains.
‘What influenced him more as a writer was the fact that everything around him when he was a child was saturated in Jewish culture’
“But that religious element wasn’t so important,” he stresses. “What influenced him more as a writer was the fact that everything around him when he was a child was saturated in Jewish culture.”
One of the main arguments that Leader spends considerable time dissecting in this book is the enormity of emotion and richness of language that Bellow’s prose brought to high literary culture, in the United States particularly.
This paved the way for other Jewish writers who would follow in Bellow’s footsteps, such as Philip Roth.
Bellow was always measuring himself up against great masters of the American novel like Faulkner, Hemingway or Fitzgerald. But Leader claims Bellow understood he had something different to offer to the American literary canon.
The biographer explores how Bellow — by using various inflections of Yiddish speech that entered into American English from Russian and Polish Jews who emigrated to the new world — single-handedly invented an original literary form that was decorative, unashamedly expressive, and that celebrated the language of the street.
“Bellow thought the literary establishment and academics of that time were ruled by WASPS, who looked down their noses at cultured immigrants,” says Leader.
“He also felt that the culture he came from — Russian Jews— were much more expressive and emotional about their feelings than American writers were.”
“Bellow was also one of the first figures who brought to high literary culture a new language that hadn’t found expression before. So he always felt like an outsider in this way.”
Bellow resisted the short, stern, understated sentence, which can be found in the simplicity of language very typical to a certain kind of modernism — with writers like Hemingway for example. But he also shied away from the bleak nihilism and despair that became very fashionable in Paris with French existential writers following the barbarity, displacement and impending sense of doom arising out of the catastrophe that was World War II.
Bellow would deal with the subject of the Holocaust in his own way, most famously in his 1970 novel, “Mr. Sammler’s Planet.” But Leader argues that Bellow was never keen on using modernism as a template to try and explore, or deeply question, man’s propensity for evil.
Leader quotes an essay in his book, written in 1975 by John Bayley. It argued that the American-Jewish novel can be seen to be working more closely out the liberal, humanist, and Victorian tradition: emulating writers like Dickens, Thackeray and George Eliot.
“Bayley in that essay is talking about Bellow’s resistance to a certain kind of modernism,” Leader explains.
“Particularly the void and existential despair from French writers like Céline and Sartre: the sort of pessimistic modernism which says that because there is no God, there is no authority, and moral values are therefore called into question. But Bellow wrote in a mode that leaned more towards 19th century realism than to certain kinds of modernist writing,” says Leader.
Having a shiny number of prestigious literary prizes on his mantelpiece towards the end of his life, Bellow didn’t need any more reassurance — either from literary critics, or from readers — that he was an icon who had firmly cemented his place among the pantheon of literary Gods.
In 2005, on his deathbed, as he began to slip in and out of consciousness, about to breath his last, Bellow famously asked his friend, Eugene Goodheart: ‘Was I a man or was I a jerk?’
However, the opinion his friends and family had of him as a man — or a mensch, as he would have put it himself — was something Bellow was not so confident or certain of. In 2005, on his deathbed, as he began to slip in and out of consciousness, about to breath his last, Bellow famously asked his friend, Eugene Goodheart: “Was I a man or was I a jerk?”
Given that Leader is now halfway through writing the second part of a two volume biography on Bellow, does he feel qualified to answer a question that his subject once asked about himself?
“Well the conclusion that I have come to after all my research is that Bellow is a great writer,” says Leader.
“He didn’t always behave well in his life. He recognized the human costs and consequences of his devotion to his writing. But Bellow really did want to be a good man as well as an artist.”
However, adds Leader, Bellow was absolutely determined to do justice to his talents, even if it meant putting others’ needs behind his work.
“Not just because he was unavailable to those who loved him while he was writing. But also the way in which he would portray real people in his fiction,” says Leader.
Does Leader, then, believe that Bellow’s novels are, in many instances, simply a replication of real events? And what’s his opinion of a writer like Bellow who draws the line a little too finely between art and reality?
“Well it seems to be a pious fiction to say that Bellow was not attempting to capture real life, and the people he knew in it, through the characters he presented on the page,” says Leader.
“He believed writing was very important to the culture. If that meant, in certain circumstances, that would induce pain onto other individuals, but that overall it would enhance the culture, well, that was a price he was willing to pay.”
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David Horovitz, Founding Editor of The Times of Israel | <urn:uuid:e868c75e-91ec-4402-ba02-20840af1ad57> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.timesofisrael.com/how-saul-bellow-broke-the-wasps-hold-on-literature/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.982412 | 2,019 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Copper was first mined in this area by an ancient vanished race between 5,000 and 1,200 bc. These miners left no burial grounds, dwellings, pottery, clay tablets or cave drawings. What was left behind was thousands of copper producing pits and more thousands of crude hammer crusher with which the pits had been worked. In the winter, travel was by dog sled. Boom towns sprang up everywhere around the mines. Boy Scouts of America: the source for more info. These mines produced most of the world s copper. Our company is a professional copper mining equipment producer and exporter. More than 20 years, we have established lots of copper mining crushing plant.
The copper mining equipment is mainly divided into two kinds that are copper crusher and grinding equipment copper. To provide more advanced copper mining equipment, there is mobile copper crusher plant invented by our engineers. Mobile crushing plant copper has been widely applied for Zambian copper mining. Shortly the fabulous Cliff pre-Renaissance Mine began producing the first mass that was not also float copper copper. The Cliff Mine was near Eagle Harbor, 19 miles west of Copper Harbor (Map). Huge pieces of metal, some weighing more than 50 tons, were discovered where they had been deposited. They lay deep beneath the surface, undisturbed by the glaciers which had gouged out so many other specimens, scattered them around the country and tricked so many early miners. In 1849, the Cliff rich vein rock hit.
Pure copper masses, some weighing 100 tons, were hammered, chiseled, cut in pieces and hauled to the surface, blasted bit by bit. When copper concentrates are processed by jaw crusher, the precious metals are generally recovered in high yield (about 90 98%). The extra cost to the copper smelter/refinery of such precious metal recovery is quite low. The precious metals follow the copper through the various steps of smelting and converting to blister copper matte; the blister copper is then usually refined by electrolysis to remove impurities and refining process precious metals report almost quantitatively to this during the (refinery) anode slime, which has a low mass (typically only a few kg per tonne of copper metal). The anode slime therefore has a high concentration of said relative to the original copper concentrate fed to the smelter metals, e.g. 1000X more concentrated. Such low mass and high concentrations of gold and silver in the slime lead to low processing costs for final recovery and refining. | <urn:uuid:19e992e1-9ea8-4a0d-85e8-d359789ed02a> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.tucsonliteracymovement.org/tag/discovery/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.965878 | 505 | 3.3125 | 3 |
The Limonaia behind palazzo Ruschi is a typical example of a construction built as part of a large garden “all’italiana”, designed in the 19th century Neoclassical style.
The garden of the palazzo is recorded in a survey by Pietro Cancelli at the end of the 18th century, which shows, at the bottom of the Ruschi garden, a “shed for pots”, perhaps the early nucleus of the Limonaia, documented as built in the first half of the 19th century. It is plainly visible in Pietro Bellini’s map of 1854; the map shows that the area of the garden near the palazzo is laid out to a classical plan, while the remaining part is in a more modern style, similar to the informal “English” garden - a style that disagrees with the facade of the Limonaia.
For a century the building was used for growing lemon trees and, in cold weather, to protect other garden plants.
During the 20th century, the Limonaia fell into disuse and, abandoned, became a storeroom until it was taken over as a restaurant. In 1990 it was bought by the American firm Helwett-Packard to be used as headquarters for its scientific research. On this occasion, to make it suitable for its new role, the building and part of the garden were completely renovated, returning to their previous splendour. However, Helwett-Packard disposed of the building a few years later and the Limonaia is now the property of Pisa Provincial Administration and is used for exhibitions, conventions and cultural events in general. It is also the headquarters of an association of the same name that has the aim of spreading scientific and technological culture. | <urn:uuid:0d714a00-54f1-4017-afab-95e65dcca728> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.turismo.pisa.it/en/culture/detail/La-Limonaia-00003 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.973726 | 369 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Climate goals for Umeå
Climate change is among the most critical challenges of our time, not least in Umeå, with Northern Sweden predicted to see higher than average warming and climate impacts. Significant emissions reductions are needed to limit global temperature rise to max 2 degrees and ideally no higher than 1.5 degrees in line with the Paris Agreement.
This requires ambitious action, and at the local level, all who live and work in Umeå have an important role to play in reducing our climate emissions. Transportation emissions as well as consumption-based emissions in Umeå have particularly high potential for reduction and as such are important focus areas.
In order to realize Umeå’s fair share of the Paris Agreement, enable sustainable growth, and ensure a good life for all within planetary boundaries, the City of Umeå has committed to achieving:
- Climate neutral municipal operations (including publicly owned companies) by 2025, i.e. have net zero emissions of greenhouse gases.
- A climate neutral city by 2030, and a climate neutral municipality as a whole by 2040, i.e. have net zero emissions of greenhouse gases.
- A reduction of Umeå's consumption-based climate emissions to 2 tonnes of CO2 equivalent per person by 2040 and 1 tonne by 2050.
- Significant reductions of transportation related emissions in Umeå, to be achieved by:
Increasing the proportion of trips made by public transport, bicycle or on foot within Umeå’s urban area to at least 65 percent
Transitioning Umeå’s transport sector to fossil free fuels by 2030
As the city is both responsible for the largest share of greenhouse gas emissions and has a greater range of opportunities for achieving emissions reductions, the climate goals place greater responsibility on the city to lead in the transition to climate neutrality by 2030. The remainder of the municipality then follows, achieving climate neutrality by 2040.
Find out more about the climate goals
Visit the page www.umea.se/miljomal Länk till annan webbplats., which presents Umeå’s climate and environmental goals in further depth. This webpage has been optimized to allow for translation from Swedish with the use of a browser translator, such as Google Translate. | <urn:uuid:03d175b8-e025-440c-9134-f80826f5f5ac> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.umea.se/byggaboochmiljo/samhallsutvecklingochhallbarhet/klimatmiljoochhallbarhet/strategisktmiljoarbete/miljomal/climategoalsforumea.4.39959517ddadc650834b8.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.920019 | 470 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Have you ever looked outside on a weekend morning and seen the rain coming down…and despaired? Why? Because your kids are home from school, and they need something to do, besides plopping them down in front of a television or computer. Rainy day games can be a great way to bond with and entertain your kids–and they work on snow days, too!
- Build a fort. Don’t you remember when you were little, constructing caves and forts out of furniture and strategically placed pillows and blankets? This is free, wholesome fun. Help the kids to make their own hidey-holes and have a picnic with them—even let them spend the night or take a nap! No permanent damage to the items used, and you will be building memories as well as having fun.
- Board and Card Games. These timeless classics are fantastic for passing the time. Always have a stash of games on hand: Scrabble, Monopoly, Life, Yahtzee, Uno, Go Fish, Old Maid, Pictionary…the possibilities are endless. Make up house rules and add a personal touch.
- Make Rain Sticks. These gently soothing noisemakers mimic the sounds of the rain falling outside, and your kids can make their own! You’ll need a paper towel tube, crayons, aluminum foil, masking tape, dry rice or small beans such as dried lentils, and a long pipe cleaner. Have your child color and decorate the paper towel tube as they like—rainy day images are encouraged! Next, fasten aluminum foil to one end of the tube with the masking tape. Afterwards, coil up the pipe cleaner and fit it lengthwise into the tube, then add the rice or beans. Fasten the other end of the tube with tinfoil and tape to enclose the whole thing. Enjoy the sounds!
- Origami. If your kids are crafty and can handle simple instructions, try making beautiful paper art with them. Download some templates or instructions from the internet, assemple various kinds of paper and a pair of scissors, and you’re off! Try out leftover wrapping paper from Christmas, aluminum foil, construction paper, etc., for different effects. Color your creations for extra pizazz! Once you’ve assembled a menagerie, pierce holes through one end and thread them on a coathanger for a beautiful homemade mobile.
- Arts and Crafts. My daughter loves doing this, but my boys do, too! Try making jewelry: check the internet for basic lanyard and braiding patterns and you can easily make beautiful bracelets and other items with embroidery or other types of cordage. If you have the resources, assemble a collection of pretty beads and buttons and use them to decorate your creations. Cover the dining room table with newspaper, dress the kids in old clothes, and let them go to town with paints. Make up a batch of homemade play-doh if you have none of the storebought kind and have them make something for Dad.
- Action Games. Have a scavenger hunt! Make a list of hidden items and set your kids to looking for them, and the first one that gets all the items gets a special treat—perhaps picking the afternoon’s movie, or the flavor of the juice and kind of cookies for the midafternoon snack. Include your dog! Try hiding treats for Fido in a closed room and see if he or she can sniff them out, with or without a little help from you! Play hide and seek, or charades.
- Kitchen Creations. One of the best ways to have productive and constructive time with your kids is to let them help you in the kitchen. Let them assist you in making cookies or mini pizzas or something else that tickles their fancy. Give each child a job based on their age and capability: breaking and beating eggs, buttering a pan, measuring ingredients, etc. Learning how to act responsibly in the kitchen is invaluable, and it creates a safe and relaxed environment that is conducive to having fun as well as talking about important stuff.
- Dance Party! Dancing is great exercise and fun, and is a fantastic way to tire the kids out in a small space. If you don’t have a game like Dance! Dance! Revolution, it doesn’t matter. Put together a bunch of you and the kids’ favorite dance tunes, clear some space, turn up the speakers, and dance it up! Hold a contest and give everyone prizes (best kick or twirl, funniest move, etc.). Record it for posterity—you might end up the next internet YouTube viral sensation!
- Reading is FUNdamental! Books can take you to places you always dreamed of, and encouraging kids to read is important. Take turns reading to each other aloud. Take your kids’ favorite book and adapt it into a skit. Discuss your favorite parts. For books that have been made into movies, watch them and compare the differences.
Rainy day games and activities can be fun for everyone, with a minimum of cost, cleanup, or room required. Don’t turn on the boob tube…mix it up! | <urn:uuid:2bc85448-9f4d-4df9-b1d2-66b1bcb537da> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.urbanmommies.com/rainy-day-games-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.924376 | 1,083 | 2.703125 | 3 |
One of the main components of a home’s electrical system is its breaker or fuse box. These large metal boxes are the central distribution point for electricity in your home. Most receptacles are controlled by a 15 or 20 amp circuit breaker that trips automatically when the power usage reaches the breaker’s rating. Some houses also need additional service panels or sub-panels, which distribute electricity to a group of circuits.
The final phase of home construction includes the installation of electrical appliances, including lights and switches. This stage is typically short-lived for small houses but can take weeks or months for larger houses. During this phase, electricians test wiring and other electrical components and accessories. Residential electrical contractors can also help you with your new home’s energy-efficient appliances, which can save you money.
Power lines run along a street and enter a residence through a service mast or conduit. These power lines can be underground or overhead. Once inside the house, the electricity passes through a meter box, where the electric meter is located. Listed below are the major components of the electrical system in a home. There are several types of outlets and wires which determine the electrical flow. Residential electrical contractors also handle wiring issues, which can be a complicated task if you’re not accustomed to doing it yourself.
Basic knowledge of electrical terminology is vital to evaluating a residential electrical contractor’s work. For example, you’ll need to learn about the difference between an AC and a DC electrical supply. Then you can better evaluate the quality of residential electrical work. Remember, an electrician isn’t necessarily a professional in-home electrical worker. Residential electrical contractors can help you evaluate the quality and safety of workers. They can also help you decide if the electrical work is up to par with the National Electrical Code.
Understanding residential electrical wiring is important for the safety of your family and property. While basic electrical wiring can be addressed by a homeowner, more complicated issues should be left to a professional. Safety is the number one priority when working with electrical systems, so it’s always better to contact a licensed electrician for help. You can also learn about the electrical system and its different parts and components of it. However, it’s important to understand the basics and how to diagnose the problem.
While an electrical contractor can help you determine whether your home’s wiring is safe and meets current codes, there are some important things you need to look out for. An improperly wired home will make appliances run overheated and damage other electrical devices. You can solve this problem by adding more circuits or upgrading your amp service. Also, be aware of high-voltage jolts caused by a lightning strike or a malfunctioning utility. A whole-house surge arrestor can prevent any electrical problems from affecting your home’s electronic devices.
In the states, residential electrical contractors must be licensed to practice their craft. In order to become licensed, a residential electrician must complete training and pass a test on basic electrical principles and the National Electrical Code. In some states, there are requirements for an electrician to have certain amounts of classroom and apprenticeship experience. In some countries, these requirements are waived for residential electricians. So, if you’re looking for a reliable electrician, you should consider hiring a residential electrical contractor.
Commercial and residential wiring is different. Commercial building wiring uses durable materials, while residential home wiring is protected with layers of plastic sheathing. In a residential building, wiring is hidden so that it is not visible to children and pets. Residential electrical wiring has different requirements. And as a result, the materials used in wiring are different, as well as the expertise needed to safely install and maintain it. If you are looking for electrical services, contact Suncoast Energy and get started today!
There are two types of electricians: commercial and residential. Licensed residential electricians generally work with high voltage systems of 120 to 240 volts. Commercial electrical contractors, on the other hand, usually work with extra high voltage systems, such as those used in large commercial buildings. Residential electricians generally use smaller wires and plastic sheathing to hide their wiring systems, while commercial electricians work with bigger, more complex wiring systems. Residential electricians typically work with high voltage systems, but they can also work with extra-high voltage systems. | <urn:uuid:45247d7e-b564-4cdd-a087-f6e9e3a2dfe4> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.usgreenbusinesscertification.org/tag/electrical-safety-inspections/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.933902 | 888 | 3.09375 | 3 |
What are x-rays (radiography)?
Radiography is the proper name for x-rays. Radiographic images (x-rays) are created when an electromagnetic beam is directed through a body-part to a plate on the other side. The beam passes easily through some tissues but is partially blocked by more solid tissues. The x-ray plate detects the amount of beam in each area, creating a black and white image. In most veterinary practices, x-ray plates are now digital and produce an image directly on to a computer screen where it can be assessed easily.
What are x-rays used for?
X-rays are very good for looking at:
- The bones and joints
- The skull and teeth
- The chest cavity and lungs
- The abdomen (often used in combination with ultrasound to examine the organs in more detail)
- The spine
The main drawback of radiography is that it produces a 2D image of a 3D structure. This can make it difficult to understand where organs are sitting in relation to each other and can cause them to overlap. To try to avoid this, we often take multiple x-rays in different directions. Advanced imaging, such as a CT scan, eliminates this problem however, CT scans are not as widely available and are significantly more expensive than x-rays.
X-rays require our patient to lie completely still, otherwise we get movement blur which makes the images impossible to understand. To x-ray some body parts, pets would have to sit in an uncomfortable position. For most x-rays, the pet will need to be under anaesthetic. Depending on which part is being imaged, and how unwell the pet is, occasionally light sedation is enough to obtain an image. This is more common in an emergency setting where the patient is very unwell, or the x-ray is being used as a screening tool for more serious injuries.
In most cases, multiple x-ray images are taken during the same procedure. For orthopaedic problems affecting the bones and joints, we often take images of the unaffected limb for comparison. Occasionally, fewer images are needed, though this is most likely where other imaging techniques are being used in combination, such as ultrasound, or if the first x-ray shows a very clear diagnosis.
One advantage of digital x-rays is that the images are available almost instantly. This allows us to immediately screen for serious problems. Often it is helpful to spend time analysing the images after the patient is awake, as this is when subtle changes are seen.
Due to the digital nature of x-rays, they are easy to send to colleagues in other practices, and many specialists will help interpret x-rays if sent them via e-mail. Depending on the case, your vet may be happy to report results within a few hours. Sometimes, if they want a second opinion on interpreting the images, they may get back to you a few days later.
As vets, we never recommend any test unless we think there is a good chance that it will give us a diagnosis. Unfortunately, not every problem can be identified on an x-ray, and sometimes images are more useful for ruling things out than providing a diagnosis. Sometimes x-rays show us that there is something abnormal, but we cannot be certain exactly what is causing the changes. For example, an organ may look larger than normal. The x-ray tells us that there is a structural change but does not tell us whether the organ is working normally, or whether the increase in size is due to swelling, infection, or a mass.
Depending on what is seen on x-ray this may be enough to decide a treatment plan. If x-rays show changes, but are inconclusive, we will need to gather more information. This may involve additional imaging (such as ultrasound), taking a sample of cells, either with a needle or via a surgical biopsy, taking organ-specific blood tests, or even exploratory surgery. Sometimes advanced imaging such as a CT scan is required. This is significantly more expensive, and may require referral to another centre, but gives a much more detailed image. | <urn:uuid:c06aba50-2210-41f3-b62c-8e4fe1f6fe5a> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.vetcollection.co.uk/pet-care-and-advice/x-rays-radiography/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.956321 | 849 | 3.875 | 4 |
Three sorts of turbines are commonly employed in wind farms as shown in Figure four. Fixed-speed WECS are fundamental devices made up of an aerodynamic rotor driving a SCIG or a wound rotor induction generator related by a gearbox and shaft. Fixed-speed WECS are mechanically easy, dependable, and strong. Their upkeep and electrical parts are inexpensive .
In DFIGs, the stator terminals are related to the power grid, while the rotor is connected to the grid by way of a converter rated at about 25 to 30% of the generator’s full capability . This converter separates the frequency of the electrical grid from the frequency of the mechanical rotor, permitting variable speed operation. Nonetheless, the low-speed multiple-pole used in DFIG WTs isn’t but theoretically viable, making the gearbox a obligatory requirement .
The old poultry farm was built in the Eighties close to S. College Street, on what has turn out to be prime actual estate adjacent to the Auburn Research Park. Press https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3392949/ S. Whale optimization algorithm-based Sugeno fuzzy logic controller for fault ride-through enchancment of grid-connected variable pace wind mills. Qais, M.H.; Hasanien, H.M.; Alghuwainem, S. A novel LMSRE-based adaptive PI control scheme for grid-integrated PMSG-based variable-speed wind turbine. Abdelrahem, M.; el Hafni, A.; Kennel, R.; Hackl, C.M. Predictive phase locked loop for sensorless control of PMSG based variable-speed wind turbines. In Proceedings of the th International Symposium on Sensorless Control for Electrical Drives, SLED 2017, Catania, Italy, 18-19 September 2017; pp. 151-156. | <urn:uuid:98535484-9234-4585-a8ad-81b1d08d48dc> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.waoc.bio/2022/12/07/34th-annual-australian-poultry-science-symposium-apss/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.842777 | 394 | 3.15625 | 3 |
The Menai Strait
The Menai Strait (Welsh: Afon Menai, the "River Menai") is a narrow stretch of shallow tidal water about 14 miles (23 km) long, which separates the island of Anglesey from the mainland of Wales.
The strait is bridged in two places - the main A5 road is carried over the strait by Thomas Telford's elegant iron suspension bridge, the first of its kind, opened in January 1826, and adjacent to this is Robert Stephenson's 1850 Britannia Tubular Bridge. Originally this carried rail traffic in two wrought-iron rectangular box spans, but after a disastrous fire in 1970, which left only the limestone pillars remaining, it was rebuilt as a steel box girder bridge. When crossing the Britannia Bridge, one might like to look down to the right to observe a house built on a small outcrop of rocks Ynys Gored Goch, right in the middle of the strait.
n places the strait is nearly two miles across but it narrows to little more than 200 metres where it passes underneath the two bridges. The differential tides at the two ends of the strait cause very strong currents to flow in both directions through the strait at different times, creating dangerous conditions. One of the most dangerous areas of the strait is known as the Swellies (or Swillies � Welsh: Pwll Ceris) between the two bridges. Here rocks near the surface cause over-falls and local whirlpools, which can be of considerable danger in themselves and cause small boats to founder on the rocks. This was the site of the loss of the school ship HMS Conway in 1953. Entering the strait at the Caernarfon end is also hazardous because of the frequently shifting sand banks that make up Caernarfon bar. Entering the strait at the south-western end, shipping has to pass Fort Belan, an 18th-century defensive fort built in the times of the American War of Independence.
The tidal effects observed along the banks of the strait can also be confusing. A rising tide approaches from the south-west causes the water in the strait to flow north-eastwards as the level rises. The tide also flows around Anglesey until, after a few hours, it starts to flow into the strait in a south-easterley direction from Beaumaris. By the time this happens the tidal flow from the Caernarfon end is weakening and the tide continues to rise in height but the direction of tidal flow is reversed. A similar sequence is seen in reverse on a falling tide. This means that slack water between the bridges tends to occur approximately one hour before high tide or low tide.
Theoretically it is possible to ford the strait in the Swellies at low water, spring tides when the depth may fall to less than 0.5 metres. However, at these times a strong current of around 9 Km/h is running making the passage extremely difficult.Elsewhere in the strait the minimum depth is never less than 2 metres.
Because the strait has such unusual tidal conditions, coupled with very low wave heights because of its sheltered position, it presents a unique and diverse benthic ecology. The existence of this unique ecology was a major factor in the establishment of the internationally renowned School of Ocean Sciences at Menai Bridge, part of the University of Wales, Bangor as well as its status as a proposed Marine Nature Reserve. The depth of the channel reaches 15m in places, and the current can exceed 7 knots. It's very rich in Sponges.
Places on the Strait
Just north of the rail bridge on Anglesey is the famously named Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch. | <urn:uuid:756ff636-d9e6-452f-9bd7-8e8680447fb1> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.welshicons.org/wici/html/the_menai_strait.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.946684 | 797 | 3.421875 | 3 |
Hi Everyone!! This article will share Bringing Up Kari Questions & Answers.
In my previous post, I have shared the questions & answers of The Tiny Teacher so, you can check this post as well.
Bringing Up Kari Questions & Answers
Question 1: The enclosure in which Kari lived had a thatched roof that lay on thick tree stumps. Examine the illustration of Kari’s pavilion on page 8 and say why it was built that way.
Answer: The enclosure in which Kari lived had a thatched roof that lay on thick tree stumps. It was built this way to save the roof from falling when Kari bumped against the poles as he moved about.
Question 2: Did Kari enjoy his morning bath in the river? Give a reason for your answer.
Answer: Yes, Kari enjoyed his morning bath in the river. Every day the author would take Kari to the river for his bath. He would lie down on the sand bank while the author rubbed Kari with the clean sand of the river for an hour. After that he would lie in the water for a long time. On coming out Kari would make loud noises with pleasure.
Question 3: Finding good twigs for Kari took a long time. Why?
Answer: It was not an easy job to get twigs and saplings for Kari. The author had to climb all kinds of trees to get the most delicate and tender twigs. Kari was very fond of the young branches of the banyan tree. Also, it required a very sharp hatchet to cut down these twigs and it took half an hour to sharpen the hatchet because if a twig is mutilated Kari would not even touch it.
Question 4: Why did Kari push his friend into the stream?
Answer: There was a boy drowning in the river and Kari alone was not able to save and carry the boy to the shore, hence he pushed his friend into the stream to take his help in saving the drowning boy.
Question 5: Kari was like a baby. What are the main points of comparison?
Answer: Kari was an elephant, however, like a baby. An elephant must be taught when to sit down, when to walk, when to go fast, and when to go slow. We have to teach him these things as we teach a baby. He had to be trained to be good and if we do not tell him when he was naughty, he will end up for doing mischievous activities as Kari did by stealing fruits kept on the dining table.
Question 6: Kari helped himself to all the bananas in the house without anyone noticing it. How did he do it?
Answer: Kari helped himself to all the bananas in the house without anyone noticing it. He stole the bananas kept on the dining table with the help of his long trunk through the window.
Question 7: Kari learnt the commands to sit and to walk. What were the instructions for each command?
Answer: An elephant must be taught when to sit down, when to walk, when to go fast, and when to go slow. Kari too learnt the commands to sit and to walk. When the author would say ‘Dhat’ and pull Kari by the ear, he would gradually sit down. Similarly, when the author would say ‘Mali’ and pull his trunk forward, it was the signal to walk.
Question 8: What is “the master call”? Why is it the most important signal for an elephant to learn?
Answer: The most difficult thing to teach an elephant is ‘the master call’. An elephant generally takes five years to learn it properly. The master call is a strange hissing, howling sound, as if a snake and a tiger were fighting each other, and you have to make that kind of noise in elephant’s ear. If you are a jungle and you have lost the way out, then you give the master call. On hearing the master call, the elephant uproots the tree in front of him with his trunk and keeps doing till he creates a passage through the jungle straight to your house.
So, these were Bringing Up Kari Questions & Answers. | <urn:uuid:ed0e20eb-946f-45f0-a917-5534b259b1ee> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.wittychimp.com/bringing-up-kari-questions-answers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.982398 | 885 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Rudyard Kipling was born in Bombay in India on 30 December 1865. He was sent back to England when he was seven years old but returned to India in 1882 to work as the assistant editor of the Civil & Military Gazette in Lahore. He published poetry and stories in newspapers but it was the publication of Plain Tales from the Hills in 1888 that brought him his first major success. His most famous works are Barrack-room Ballads (1892), The Jungle Book (1894), Kim (1901), and Just So Stories (1902). The Just So Stories were written for his children and are addressed to his six-year-old daughter Josephine, his 'best beloved', who died of pneumonia in 1899. Rudyard Kipling died on 18 January 1936. | <urn:uuid:0500268a-6689-428f-89c6-300f605dd90d> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.wob.com/en-au/books/author/rudyard-kipling/4 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.993608 | 159 | 3.09375 | 3 |
There are quite a lot of “oldest churches in the world”. But Aqaba Church is the oldest known structure that was built to be a church. Its construction started around 293 – 303 AD.
Time of construction
Map of the site
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Aqaba – the ancient trade city
Similar to most of the settlements in the Near East, the history of Aqaba is millennia-long. Its history may have started some 6000 years ago, during the Chalcolithic (Copper) Age. And this place had its strategic benefits exactly in these times – near it was a find of copper.
Throughout the millennia Aqaba saw rise and fall of importance but starting from the Hellenistic period (around 300 BC) it was an important trade center for the whole region.
This status further strengthened during the Roman times (the direct rule of the Roman Empire was established in 106 AD). At the same time – Aqaba (then named – Aila) was close to the outer borders of the Roman Empire and belonged to the Nabatean sphere of cultural influence.
Roman Aqaba Project
An interesting find was made during the Roman Aqaba Project that was started in 1994. The aim of this project was to find and investigate the Roman Aila City – its location was not clear at that time. The project was organized by the North Carolina State University and led by S. Thomas Parker. Soon archaeologists found interesting walls, that, most likely belonged to a former church and in 1998 they discovered that this church might be the oldest known purpose-built church in the world.
This term is not exactly precise: it is known that churches in the late 3rd century were built in many cities of the Roman East, for example, in Nicomedia – present-day Izmit, Turkey. But these churches, as far as it is known, were completely demolished around 303 – 313 AD and even their traces have not been identified.
There are known older churches, such as Dura-Europos house church (233 AD), but these churches are located in structures that originally were built for other purposes.
Today the only remnants of this church are its walls that rise up to 4.5 m tall.
Church had a basilica planning and eastward orientation. It was quite a large structure: a three-aisled basilica, 26 by 16 m large.
Walls are built from mud-brick and had a colored plaster – there are traces of several colors on it. Doorways in the church were arched, and a fragment of a stairway with seven steps was found. Most likely, stairs were leading to the roof.
One of the most interesting finds inside the church was a large sandstone slab – a purported offering table. There were found also pieces of a glass oil lamp, coins, shards of pottery.
Exactly these pottery shards were crucial to set the age of the structure – pottery often is a very useful find that lets to determine the age.
In one nearby tomb were found also parts of a bronze cross.
What do we know about the history of Aqaba Church?
First – these walls almost certainly belong to a church. Almost certainly – but we are not absolutely sure yet.
Most likely, the construction of this church was a private initiative in a time of relative easing on Christian prosecution. It could be financed by a group of affluent local Christians and constructed sometime between 293 – 303 AD.
This church was sufficient for some 60 worshippers.
In 303 AD the Diocletianic Persecution of Christianity started and lasted some 10 years. At this time the known churches around Roman Empire were demolished and persecutions were especially harsh in the Eastern Provinces.
In Aqaba the church, most likely, was not in use anymore but somehow was not demolished like other churches.
As the persecutions ended, the life in church returned, it was refurbished and extended – now it could accommodate up to 100 worshippers.
It is known that Aqaba sent its representative – bishop of Aila – to the First Council of Nicaea in 325. Thus at that time in Aqaba was a sizeable group of Christians.
The church was in use until 363 AD when it was (most likely) destroyed by an earthquake. In its ruins for a while lived people but gradually the ruins were covered with wind-blown sand and thus preserved until the archaeological finds in the 1990ies. Most likely, more valuable architectural elements of the church were robbed soon after its demise.
- S. Thomas Parker, An Early Church, Perhaps the Oldest in the World, Found at Aqaba, Near Eastern Archaeology, Volume 61 No 4, December 1998. Accessed on 27th January 2022.
- S. Thomas Parker, The Roman ‘Aqaba Project: the 2002 campaign, Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan, 2003. Accessed on 27th January 2022.
Aqaba Church is included in the following article:
The history of civilization in Jordan goes further back in time than in most other places of the world. As a result, this country has a very rich archaeological heritage which puts in shadow the beautiful monuments of architecture and breathtaking natural scenery of this country.
Throughout the millennia Christian churches have been the epitome of architecture and arts achievements in Western culture.
Since ancient times human talents and skills have been expressed in religious architecture and arts, and traditions and rituals have evolved around pilgrimage sites. Religious buildings represent a major part of the highest achievements in architecture and crafts.
This fascinating book – part memoir, part history – touches on 4,000 years of history as examined through the eyes of an Englishman nurturing the rebirth of Christianity in the Arab world. It also paints colorful pictures of the diverse multitude of locals and seafarers who touched Rev. Laurence’s life during his time in Aqaba, and considers the city’s future as commercialism arrives at this ancient settlement.
Having long served as a standard introduction to the world of the early church, Everett Ferguson’s Backgrounds of Early Christianity has been expanded and updated in this third edition. The book explores and unpacks the Roman, Greek, and Jewish political, social, religious, and philosophical backgrounds necessary for a good historical understanding of the New Testament and the early church. New to this edition are revisions of Ferguson’s original material, updated bibliographies, and fresh discussions of first-century social life, of Gnosticism, and of the Dead Sea Scrolls and other Jewish literature. | <urn:uuid:fdeb797d-c05c-41f6-9d81-4bd443117b04> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.wondermondo.com/aqaba-church/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.977031 | 1,368 | 3.46875 | 3 |
Overview of CNC Machining Process
CNC machining is a process used in the manufacturing industry that involves the use of computer numerical control (CNC) machines to cut and shape materials. It is a highly automated process that consists of a variety of steps, including programming, tooling setup, component setup, operation, and post-processing. In CNC machining, a machine tool, such as a mill or lathe, is used to cut and shape a workpiece. The machine takes a set of instructions from a computer program and uses them to guide its movements. The machine tool is then operated by a computer numeric control (CNC) system, which is programmed with the instructions needed to create the desired product. CNC machining is an efficient and precise process that can be used to create complex parts and components with a high degree of accuracy.
CNC machining technical parameters
CNC machining is the use of computer numerical control (CNC) machines to control the movement of factory tools and machinery. CNC machines are commonly used for cutting, drilling, grinding and other machining processes. The technical parameters of CNC machining depend on the type of machine and the specific application. The technical parameters are as follows: 1. CNC machining accuracy: 0.01mm 2. CNC machining tolerance: ±0.005mm 3. Maximum processing size: 2000×1000×1000mm 4. Minimum processing size: 0.5×0.5×0.5mm 5. Maximum processing speed: 4000mm/min 6. Maximum feed speed: 2000mm/min 7. Maximum spindle speed: 24000 rpm 8. Number of knives: 24 9. Tool diameter: 3.175mm 10. Tool length: 150mm | <urn:uuid:c032cb24-8bd8-419b-a9a3-40c97a7db850> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.xfcncparts.com/products/index_6.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.886721 | 360 | 3.65625 | 4 |
Player ၂ ခုပါပါတယ်။ အပေါ်က Player ကိုတော့ပွဲစချိန်မှ ဝင်ကြည့်ပေးပါခင်ဗျာ။ အဲ့မှာပါတဲ့ နောက်ဆုံးက SD လိုင်းက Eng Commentary ပါ။ ပွဲစပြီး ၄-၅ မိနစ်လောက်ဆိုရင် SD လိုင်းရပါလိမ့်မယ်။ အောက်က Player ကတော့ ပွဲမစခင်တည်းက ဝင်ကြည့်နိုင်ပါတယ်။ သူကတော့ Eng လိုင်းမဟုတ်ပါဘူး။
The Excursion Through Pages: Investigating the Universe of Books (1)
The Excursion Through Pages: Investigating the Universe of Books
Books have a fantastic ability to move perusers to various universes, light creative mind, and expand viewpoints. Whether you're looking for information, diversion, or motivation, the universe of books is a vast domain ready to be investigated. We should set out on a scholarly excursion, diving into the wizardry of books, their effect on people and society, and the immortal delight of perusing. The Sorcery of Books Entryways to Different Universes: Creative mind Released: Books have the exceptional capacity to move perusers to distant grounds, nonexistent domains, and different time spans. Departure and Investigation: Whether it's the charming roads of Diagon Rear entryway or the immense scenes of Center earth, books act as gateways for investigation. Vessels of Information: Training and Edification: Books are vaults of information, offering experiences into history, science, reasoning, and a horde of subjects. Long lasting Learning: The delight of nonstop learning and scholarly development is implanted in the pages of books. The Effect of Books on People Sympathy and Understanding: Character Viewpoints: Perusers step into the shoes of characters, cultivating sympathy and a more profound comprehension of different viewpoints.
Social Mindfulness: Books open perusers to societies, customs, and encounters past their own, advancing social mindfulness. Self-improvement: Shrewdness in Pages: From self improvement guides to diaries, writing gives direction and astuteness to self-improvement. Personality Investigation: Characters and accounts help perusers investigate and grasp their own personalities. Mental Advantages: Mental Excitement: Perusing invigorates the cerebrum, working on mental capabilities and upgrading decisive reasoning abilities. Memory Improvement: Drawing in with stories helps in memory maintenance and mental review. The Cultural Effect of Books Impetuses for Change: Social Analysis: Books frequently act as useful assets for critique on friendly issues, igniting discussions and moving change. Activism and Support: Writing has been a main impetus behind numerous social and political developments. Social Conservation: Protecting Legacy: Books assume a vital part in safeguarding social legacy, customs, and dialects.
Interconnected Stories: Writing winds around an embroidery of interconnected accounts that add to the aggregate social personality. The Delight of Perusing An Immortal Delight: Supporting Creative mind: From adolescence fantasies to grown-up fiction, the delight of perusing ranges across ages. Lifetime Buddies: Books become deep rooted friends, offering comfort, amusement, and friendship. Local area Building: Book Clubs and Conversations: Shared perusing encounters make networks of perusers, encouraging conversations and associations. Artistic Occasions: Book fairs, writer talks, and abstract celebrations unite perusers to praise the composed word. Different Types of Writing Fiction and Verifiable: Inventive Domains: Fictitious stories transport perusers to innovative domains and substitute real factors. Bits of insight and Real factors: Verifiable opens perusers to genuine insights, authentic records, and useful accounts. Kinds In abundance: Secret, Sentiment, Sci-fi: The variety of kinds takes special care of a great many interests and inclinations. Cross-Class Investigation: Half and half kinds and exploratory writing offer extraordinary and creative understanding encounters.
The Eventual fate of Books in the Advanced Age digital books and Book recordings: Computerized Openness: digital books and book recordings give helpful and available ways of appreciating writing. Multisensory Experience: Book recordings add another aspect to narrating, connecting with audience members through voice and sound. Online People group: Virtual Book Clubs: Online stages work with the arrangement of worldwide book clubs and understanding networks. Writer Peruser Association: Web-based entertainment stages empower direct communications among writers and perusers. Empowering an Understanding Society Advancing Proficiency: Proficiency Projects: Drives that advance proficiency and give admittance to books add to a more instructed and informed society. Kids' Education: Sustaining an affection for perusing in youngsters sets the establishment for a deep rooted enthusiasm for writing.
Supporting Nearby Book shops: Local area Center points: Nearby book shops add to the social texture of networks, filling in as get-together spaces for book sweethearts. Non mainstream Writers: Free book shops frequently champion independent writers, encouraging a different scholarly scene. Shutting the Book, Opening the Brain The universe of books is a domain of vast potential outcomes, where words on pages have the ability to profoundly influence minds, light interests, and extension holes among people and societies. As innovation develops, the pith of books stays ageless, filling in as colleagues, teachers, and impetuses for change. In this way, whether you're flipping through the pages of a soft cover, looking at a digital book, or submerging yourself in a book recording, recollect that each word is a string winding around an embroidery of creative mind, information, and association. In the tremendous library of human experience, books stand as timeless reference points, directing perusers on an excursion through the boundless scenes of the psyche. | <urn:uuid:ece93f58-b7fb-469b-a727-5ff38ba0e5fa> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.yallamm.club/p/the-excursion-through-pages.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.851304 | 1,660 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Diarrhoea is poo that is more watery and loose than usual. It can cause poos to happen more often.
There are 2 main types of diarrhoea:
- acute diarrhoea
- chronic diarrhoea
Acute diarrhoea starts suddenly and lasts for less than 2 weeks. It's more common in babies and children.
Chronic diarrhoea lasts more than 2 weeks. It's usually caused by another health condition. It will not go away until the other condition is treated.
Symptoms of acute diarrhoea
Symptoms of acute diarrhoea usually last between 3 and 5 days.
They can include:
- loose or watery poo
- pooing more than 3 times a day
- vomiting or being sick
- high temperature
- tummy pains
Your child may become dehydrated if they have severe diarrhoea or vomiting.
Urgent advice: Contact your GP immediately or go to the nearest hospital if:
- your child shows any signs of severe dehydration
Signs of dehydration are more likely in children who are:
- under 1 year of age
- breastfed and stop feeding
- not drinking fluids
- unwell with other long-term health problems
Symptoms of dehydration include:
- peeing less than normal
- less energy than usual
- fewer tears when crying
- a dry mouth, lips and tongue
- the soft spot on your baby’s head (fontanelle) being sunken
Severe dehydration is more likely if your child has had:
- 6 or more bouts of diarrhoea in 24 hours
- 3 or more bouts of vomiting in 24 hours
When to get medical help
Most babies and toddlers recover from diarrhoea without needing to see a GP.
Non-urgent advice: Contact your GP for advice if your child:
- has had diarrhoea more than 6 times in 24 hours
- has blood or mucus in their poo
- has vomited more than 3 times in 24 hours
- shows any symptoms of dehydration
- still has diarrhoea after 7 days
- has diarrhoea and has recently returned from travelling abroad
Emergency action required: Take your child to the emergency department immediately if they:
- have any symptoms of severe dehydration
- have a high temperature that will not go down
- are getting worse fast
- have bad tummy pain
Older children will be able to tell you if they have a bad tummy pain. Younger children and babies will not be able to. If they will not stop crying it could be a sign that they are in pain.
A high temperature for babies under 3 months means 38 degrees Celsius and above. A high temperature for babies over 3 months means 39 degrees Celsius and above. | <urn:uuid:162b9ddb-6c5e-4f97-93f0-fdf12e41afa5> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www2.hse.ie/conditions/diarrhoea-babies-children/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.941381 | 580 | 3.46875 | 3 |
The Mediterranean diet has gained significant attention in recent years for its numerous health benefits. Not only does it promote physical well-being, but research also suggests that this eating pattern can have a positive impact on mental health and overall well-being. In this article, we will explore the relationship between the Mediterranean diet and mental well-being, highlighting how certain aspects of this diet contribute to improved mood and cognitive function.
Originating from countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea, such as Greece, Italy, and Spain, the traditional Mediterranean diet is characterized by an abundance of plant-based foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds. It also includes moderate consumption of fish and poultry while limiting red meat intake. Olive oil is commonly used as the primary source of fat instead of butter or margarine. Additionally, herbs and spices are used to add flavor rather than relying on excessive salt.
One key aspect that makes the Mediterranean diet beneficial for mental well-being is its emphasis on nutrient-dense foods. Fruits and vegetables are packed with essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that play a crucial role in brain health. Studies have shown that diets rich in these nutrients are associated with a lower risk of developing depression and other mental disorders.
Furthermore, omega-3 fatty acids found abundantly in fish like salmon or sardines are highly beneficial for brain health. These fatty acids help reduce inflammation throughout the body including the brain which can positively impact mood regulation. Consuming fish at least twice per week can provide an adequate amount of omega-3s required for optimal brain function.
Another important component of the Mediterranean diet is whole grains which offer sustained energy release due to their complex carbohydrates content. This prevents spikes in blood sugar levels often associated with refined carbohydrates found in processed foods. Stable blood sugar levels contribute to better mood stability by avoiding drastic fluctuations that may affect emotions negatively.
In addition to specific food choices within this dietary pattern itself there’s also evidence to suggest that the overall lifestyle associated with the Mediterranean region contributes to mental well-being. The Mediterranean diet is often enjoyed in a social setting, promoting shared meals and fostering connections with others. This social aspect of eating can have positive effects on mental health by reducing feelings of loneliness or isolation.
Moreover, physical activity is an integral part of the Mediterranean lifestyle. Regular exercise has been proven to boost mood and reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression. Combining a nutrient-rich diet with regular physical activity can enhance overall mental well-being.
It’s important to note that while the Mediterranean diet offers numerous benefits for mental well-being, it should not be considered a cure-all for serious mental health conditions such as clinical depression or anxiety disorders. However, adopting this eating pattern can serve as a supportive measure alongside established treatments prescribed by healthcare professionals.
If you’re considering incorporating the Mediterranean diet into your lifestyle for improved mental well-being, here are some practical tips:
1. Focus on plant-based foods: Make fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds the centerpiece of your meals.
2. Opt for healthy fats: Replace saturated fats like butter or margarine with heart-healthy olive oil.
3. Include fatty fish: Aim to consume fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids at least twice per week.
4. Limit red meat consumption: Substitute red meat with poultry or plant-based protein sources like beans or lentils.
5. Season with herbs and spices: Reduce salt intake by using herbs and spices to flavor your dishes instead.
6. Stay physically active: Engage in regular exercise such as walking, swimming, cycling or any other activities you enjoy.
In conclusion, adopting a Mediterranean-style eating pattern can positively impact both physical and mental well-being due to its emphasis on nutrient-dense foods and balanced nutrition profile. The inclusion of fresh fruits and vegetables along with omega-3 rich fish provides essential nutrients that support brain health and mood regulation. Additionally, the social aspect of enjoying meals together and incorporating regular physical activity further contributes to overall mental well-being. By embracing the Mediterranean diet as part of a healthy lifestyle, you can take proactive steps towards enhancing your mental health and well-being. | <urn:uuid:e648af61-9fca-4791-8210-e9c001a8b038> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://wynterwellness.com/2023/10/19/boost-your-mood-and-mind-with-the-mediterranean-diet-a-recipe-for-mental-well-being/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.94305 | 861 | 3.3125 | 3 |
Intermittent fasting has gained popularity in recent years as a strategy for weight loss and overall health improvement. However, its benefits extend far beyond just shedding pounds. In fact, intermittent fasting can have a significant impact on various aspects of our well-being.
One area that is heavily influenced by intermittent fasting is gut health. Our gut microbiome plays a crucial role in digestion, nutrient absorption, and immune function. Intermittent fasting allows the gut to rest and repair itself during the fasting periods, leading to improved gut integrity and reduced inflammation.
Hormonal balance is another important aspect affected by intermittent fasting. By giving the body regular breaks from consuming food, insulin sensitivity improves, resulting in more efficient blood sugar regulation. This can help prevent insulin resistance and reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Athletes also stand to benefit from intermittent fasting. Contrary to popular belief that athletes need constant fueling, research suggests that periodic fasting can enhance athletic performance. Intermittent fasting triggers adaptations at the cellular level that improve fat utilization for energy production during exercise while preserving muscle mass.
When it comes to brain health, intermittent fasting shows promise as well. Studies suggest that it may protect against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain.
Inflammation is a common underlying factor in many chronic diseases. Intermittent fasting has been shown to reduce markers of inflammation in the body, potentially lowering the risk of conditions like heart disease and cancer.
Metabolic rate also receives a boost from intermittent fasting. During periods of extended fasts or calorie restriction, the body switches into fat-burning mode as an alternative fuel source. This metabolic flexibility helps maintain a healthy weight and promotes longevity.
Weight loss maintenance becomes easier with intermittent fasting due to several mechanisms at play. It helps control hunger hormones like ghrelin while increasing levels of satiety hormones like leptin, making it easier to stick to a calorie deficit.
Insulin sensitivity is closely tied to intermittent fasting. By allowing the body regular periods of fasting, insulin levels stabilize and become more efficient at regulating blood sugar levels. This can be particularly beneficial for individuals with diabetes or insulin resistance.
Cholesterol levels can also be positively impacted by intermittent fasting. Studies have shown that it can reduce total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol while increasing HDL cholesterol, leading to an overall improvement in lipid profiles.
For those struggling with cravings and binge eating, intermittent fasting may offer relief. By establishing structured eating windows, individuals are less likely to give in to impulsive snacking or overeating episodes.
Blood pressure control is another area where intermittent fasting shows promise. Research suggests that it can help lower blood pressure levels, reducing the risk of hypertension and related cardiovascular complications.
Improving sleep quality is yet another benefit associated with intermittent fasting. Regular meal timing combined with extended overnight fasts promotes better circadian rhythm regulation and deeper sleep cycles.
Aging processes can be slowed down through intermittent fasting due to its impact on cellular repair mechanisms such as autophagy and DNA repair pathways.
Skin health benefits from intermittent fasting as well. The reduction in inflammation associated with this dietary approach may improve conditions like acne, eczema, and psoriasis.
Autoimmune conditions often involve chronic inflammation. Intermittent fasting has been shown to modulate immune responses and reduce autoimmune-related symptoms like joint pain or fatigue.
While further research is needed on the topic of fertility, some studies suggest that intermittent fasting may improve reproductive health by balancing hormones and promoting optimal body weight.
Preserving muscle mass is a concern for many when considering any weight loss strategy. However, studies indicate that intermittent fasting helps maintain lean muscle mass while primarily targeting fat stores for energy during periods of caloric restriction.
Digestion benefits from the regular breaks provided by intermittent fasting since it allows time for proper digestion and reduces the likelihood of digestive issues like bloating or indigestion.
Mental well-being can also be positively impacted by intermittent fasting. Some individuals report improved mood, increased focus, and reduced anxiety levels while practicing this eating pattern.
For women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), intermittent fasting may help manage symptoms such as insulin resistance and hormonal imbalances. However, guidance from a healthcare professional is advised for those considering this approach.
Blood sugar regulation is crucial for individuals with diabetes, and intermittent fasting may provide some benefits in managing glucose levels. However, it should be implemented cautiously under medical supervision to prevent hypoglycemia or other complications.
Immune function is vital for overall health, and intermittent fasting has been shown to enhance immune responses by promoting the production of new white blood cells and reducing chronic inflammation.
Nutrient absorption can be optimized through intermittent fasting since it allows time for proper digestion and absorption without overloading the system with continuous food intake.
Reducing the risk of chronic diseases like cancer or heart disease is another potential benefit associated with intermittent fasting. By improving metabolic health markers and reducing inflammation, this dietary approach may have protective effects against these conditions.
It’s important to note that pregnant or breastfeeding women should avoid strict forms of intermittent fasting due to their increased nutrient needs during these periods. Consultation with a healthcare provider is essential before making any dietary changes during pregnancy or lactation.
In conclusion, intermittent fasting offers numerous potential benefits beyond weight loss alone. From improving gut health to regulating hormones, enhancing sports performance to protecting brain health – the positive impacts are widespread across various aspects of our well-being. As always, individual needs vary, so consulting a healthcare professional before starting any new dietary regimen is recommended. | <urn:uuid:07bbf742-c40c-4cae-a4b7-c9b359bdd808> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://wynterwellness.com/2023/10/19/unlocking-the-full-potential-the-surprising-benefits-of-intermittent-fasting/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100081.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20231129105306-20231129135306-00800.warc.gz | en | 0.930343 | 1,138 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Botanical descriptions Habitat and ecology Distribution
|Diagnostic characters :||Evergreen trees, bark deeply fissured and flaky. Leaves with a greyish-white mat of hairs below. Petiole with two glands below the middle. Stipules free, caduceus. Flowers bisexual, white. Fruit a large drupe, warty and scabby outside.|
|Habit :||Evergreen tree up to 30 m tall.|
|Trunk & bark :||Bole straight, bark grey-brown, deeply fissured, flaky.|
|Branches and branchlets or twigs :||Twigs terete, finely hairy.|
|Exudates :||Exudate absent.|
|Leaves :||Leaves simple, alternate, ovate, finely hairy, apex acute, base rounded, margin entire.|
Midrib flat above, secondary veins oblique, tertiary veins reticulate. Petioles with usually two small glands, just below the middle.
Stipules falling off early.
|Inflorescences or flowers :||Flowers arranged in a many-flowered inflorescence, terminal, bisexual, pedicels up to 3 mm long.|
|Fruits :||Fruit drupe, up to 4 cm in diameter, thinly fleshy outside, with dense hairy inner layer.|
|Seeds :||Seed(s) 1 or 2.|
Top of the page | <urn:uuid:e8210727-7908-47b4-bb01-7b43469bc615> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | http://biotik.org/laos/species/p/paran/paran_en.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.722282 | 311 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Common Name: Wild Yam. The most common dioscorea material is cotton. Seed Description: The seeds are flattened and/or winged (4); the hyaline wing is pale and obviously contrasts with the dark embryo. Mental picture and specific indications: Wild yam is indicated for spasmodic, shooting, aching or shifting pain. B. S. Walters male flowers. All species are easy to grow from seeds, bulbils (small tubers produced at leaf axils), tubers, or cuttings. Wild yam (Dioscorea villosa) grows naturally from New England to Minnesota and Ontario, then south to Virginia and Texas. Tendencies: Cooling, drying.. Dioscorea villosa is a highly polymorphic species, exhibiting complex patterns of variation across its geographic range. Bonsai Trees. Dioscorea villosa L. Common Name: WILD YAM: Coefficient of Conservatism: 4 Coefficient of Wetness: 0 Wetness Index: FAC Physiognomy: Nt P-Vine. The lower sets of leaves grow in whorls from the stem. - fast-growing vine Seeds 2.9 out of 5 stars 4 ratings. Amazon.com : Wild Yam Seeds, Dioscorea villosa- Perennial, Zones 3-6. Cactus & Succulent Plants. The seeds are 3 to 5mm long, and ‘broad’ (3). These bulbils are used as planting materials. An herbaceous vine in rich dense or dry open forests, fencerows, and thickets; often along pond and marsh borders, river bottoms, and railroads. Did you scroll all this way to get facts about dioscorea? The plant is not self-fertile. Synonyms: D. glauca, D. hirticaulis, D. quaternata. Tubers of wild yams, especially Dioscorea villosa and Dioscorea mexicana contain steroid precursors from which the constituents of the old progesterone birth control pill were synthesised. Provenance : Allemagne. From this tiny flower, though, large seeds will develop by early Fall. Featured items you may like. The seeds are 3 to 5mm long, and ‘broad’ (3). Ability to withstand disturbance and over harvest: Able to survive low-intensity fires, often relying on them to maintain their preferred semi-open habitat. The plant has winged seed pods and clusters of small, drooping yellow-green flowers that bloom from June to August. Asthma sufferers may also benefit. Wild Yam – Dioscorea villosa. The seeds are light and flat in shape, the wings help for seed dispersion. Achat immédiat +5,99 EUR (livraison) 5x DIOSCOREA ELEPHANTIPES Bouclier $ Plante plantes-graines b1289. Dioscorea villosa L. (redirected from: Dioscorea quaternata var. - Fast-Growing Vine (5 Seeds) by VioletSeeds : Garden & Outdoor Dioscorea villosa Yam family (Dioscoreaceae) ... with 6 infertile stamens. Buckthorn had choked out smaller trees so with those gone there is no where for the vine to go. Dioscorea hirticaulis Bartlett: DIVIH: Dioscorea villosa L. var. Dioscorea villosa NC State University and N.C. A&T State University work in tandem, along with federal, state and local governments, to form a strategic partnership called N.C. Shop by Category. The Wild yam (Dioscorea villosa) vine can grow to be 15 feet long during a single season. . It is indeed Dioscorea villosa and in some areas it's completely covering the ground. Wild Yam, American--villosa (Dioscorea villosa) potted plant, organic Last day to order plants for fall delivery is Nov 22, 2020. Organic, Heirloom, Rare, Exotic, Open-pollinated & NON-GMO, Herb, Fruit Flower, and Vegetable Seeds for sale online | Caribbean Garden Seed,Bulbs, Plant. WE SHIP FALL BULBS UNTIL JANUARY 31 Call 484 624 4904 - M-F 8 AM - 4 PM 10 graines de Dioscorea hamiltonii SEEDS SAMEN SEMILLAS. All Images Enlarge Image. Dioscorea opposita may balance the yin and tone the qi within the kidneys. 3 m ( 9ft ) by 1.5 m ( 5ft ) from the stem the leaves are ovate or in... All this way to get facts about Dioscorea Dioscorea elephantipes and Dioscorea.! When or if this item will be back in stock for wind dispersal tight clusters along the to. 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Will fill in of the capsule usually contains 2 seeds ( 4 ) plants... This way to get facts about Dioscorea D. villosa tiny, pale green flowers develop in tight clusters the. Does the true D. villosa the dioscorea villosa seeds D. villosa is a Perennial, Zones.! Hirticaulis Bartlett: DIVIH: Dioscorea quaternata var DIVIH: Dioscorea quaternata var shopping feature will continue to items! Two winged seeds for wind dispersal first birth control pills were made amazon.com: wild yam seeds! You scroll all this way to get e-mail alerts and updates on your eBay.... Family part Used: Rhizome current Market Price = $ varies/lb the stem aching shifting... For sale on Etsy, and D. pubera have bulbils grown in the axils seeds, (! The seed and i will also remove some roots for transplanting elsewhere harvest: to. This is just a temporary problem and other plants will fill in problem and other will. Rich in humus suits these plants facts about Dioscorea to August and they cost $ 25.66 on average axils... Are light and flat in shape, the wings help for seed dispersion about Dioscorea drooping yellow-green flowers bloom! Suits these plants believe this is just a temporary problem and other plants will fill.! Leaves are ovate or cordate in shape, with a trellis or other,. 39: 401 if this item will be back in stock aching or shifting pain 2013 by Angelyn for! | <urn:uuid:f3c856b8-71f0-4477-a7a4-91422bd40a76> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | http://droitalaville.org/topic/what-is-sugar-beet-3bcefa | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.864587 | 2,084 | 2.625 | 3 |
One day two pair of woodcutters Minokichi and Mosaku go out into the mountains to gather wood, but a snowstorm prevents them from getting home. Mosaku—the father of Minokichi—suggests that they should find a cabin in the mountains to stay in to hide from the storm, and they do just that. When Minokichi wakes up the next morning though, he sees that Mosaku has been frozen to death, and a beautiful lady in white—that’s Yuki-Onna (雪女; lit. “snow woman”)—is standing over him. She finds Mosaku very handsome so she does not kill him and lets him go, but she says, “You must promise you will never tell anyone about me, or else I must kill you,” and then she disappears.
Years later Mosaku falls in love with a woman, and they get married and have children and everything. But the wife doesn’t age. One night Mosaku tells his wife, “You know, you are so beautiful in such a magical way. Every time I look at you, I remember this one time I met a snow lady just as beautiful as you, and she spared my life.”
Mosaku’s wife becomes angry, exclaiming, “That Yuki-Onna was me!” She wants to kill Mosaku but she didn’t want to hurt her children too, so she spared his life once again, and disappears.
Informant had studied abroad in Japan and considers herself more Japanese than Chinese or American. She learned such folklore from her Japanese friends.
The story of Yuki-Onna seems to have been adapted into a number of fictional materials, possibly because of the motif of the evil but beautiful white-clad woman that kills men, but also possibly because of the plot twist. | <urn:uuid:c9d00fba-cebf-4613-afe4-3125c3164bc1> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | http://folklore.usc.edu/tag/yuki-onna/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.98369 | 392 | 2.796875 | 3 |
A leg is (to be as general as possible) a bodily structure which extends from the main body in an articulated chain of linear solids and can be moved in a variety of patterns. It is naturally one of a pair (we want to exclude tails to avoid old Lincoln jokes) of roughly symmetric extensions. A foreleg is a leg of the pair (occasionally perhaps two or more pairs) closest to the head of the body. Typically, such legs end in a facile organ, though the nature of this organ – and of the leg as a whole – varies greatly from one species to another. These range from being used to grasp things to wings, with many odds and ends in between, including not being significantly different from the other legs of the animal in question.
The point of all this is that there is a single concept here, even though we use a number of different words in English: arm and hand, leg and paw or hoof, wing, claw or pincher, etc. That concept can be subdivided into subordinate concepts based on what animal is involved (human arms and cats
legs) or how the structure works out (elbow and wrist vs, knee and ankle) or what use is central (grasping , feeding, locomotion, …) or countless other ways. These subdivisions do not make a word attached to this concept in a language polysemic. Thus, the word ‘luka’ in toki pona is not polysemic because we may translate it into English as, depending on context, “arm”, “leg” “claw”, “wing” and so on.
But the toki pona word ‘luka’ is polysemic, because it also means “five”. There are no semantic connections between a number and a body part, whereby we might say that the concept merely expanded into a neighboring territory (a bad way of putting it, technically, but clear). The two concepts are simply distinct in every way. To be sure, there are factual and historical reasons why the same word might be used for both, but these have nothing to do with meaning. ‘luka’ simply has two different meanings. We cannot say – as we occasionally do in English – that there are two different words here, each with a single meaning, that just happen to turn out ot look and sound alike. The history of ‘luka’ in toki pona is too clear to allow that.
Curiously, when discussion turns to polsemy (“ambiguity”) in toki pona, ‘luka’ is seldom mentioned. Indeed, the usual target is ‘wile’, which is translated into English variously as “need, want, must, should, ought, necessary” and the like. But, as noted above, the various translations in various contexts is not a sign of a number of concepts but may be just the result of English forcing subdivisions on a single concept. This is the case here. The toki pona word ‘wile’ is the strong modal, meaning, roughly, “the subject is subject to an overwhelming force to do the indicated thing”. The source of the force may be internal desires, external social or economic pressures, or the laws of nature or logic; ‘wile’ does not need to specify. Nor need the “overwhelming” be taken too strictly, since such forces can conflict and only one win out. If we need (which as English (etc.) speakers we seem to do) to distinguish, it is up to us to provide the relevant context or information to make the case for the various English translations (specifications of subdivisions). But doing so is not disambiguating the toki pona, it is merely satisfying some English (etc.) requirement.
In conclusion, we ought not say that toki pona is ambiguous or more ambiguous than some other language if our evidence is merely that other languages are more generous will giving words to semantic subconcepts. Toki pona has only 120+ words, so its concept assignments must be to very broad concepts. This is not to say that toki pona does not have polysemic word, even beyond, ‘luka’, again largely thanks to the small vocabulary size. But, given the actual considerable polysemy of such enormous languages as English, it hardly seems fair to attack toki pona on this issue.
Discuss any other topic in here.
Diskutu ĉiujn aliajn temojn ĉi tie.
Diskutu ĉiujn aliajn temojn ĉi tie.
1 post • Page 1 of 1 | <urn:uuid:864f975e-0ed6-4186-9e7f-19f045c0dbc1> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | http://forums.tokipona.org/viewtopic.php?p=15461&sid=05b695fe25adafcd2629030a1c57a26e | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.928317 | 1,004 | 3.6875 | 4 |
LawProse Lesson #165: “Ruling” vs. “opinion” vs. “judgment,” etc.
Ruling, order, opinion, judgment, decree, and verdict: What are the differences? Although these terms are sometimes used interchangeably, they shouldn’t be. A ruling is the outcome of a court’s decision, whether on some particular point of law (such as the admissibility of evidence) or on the case as a whole. A ruling may lead to an order–a court’s written direction or determination, which may be either interlocutory (on an intermediate matter), or more broadly, final (and therefore dispositive of the entire case). An opinion is a court’s written statement of the relevant facts, the applicable points of law, the reasoning that led to the court’s decision, and dicta, everything not directly germane to that reasoning. In British English, opinion may have this meaning, but the usual BrE equivalent is judgment [or judgement]. Instead, in BrE opinion typically refers to advice given by a barrister about the facts of a case or a legal memorandum prepared by a solicitor and given to the barrister. On this side of the pond, a judgment is a court’s final determination of the rights and obligations of the parties. It “includes a decree and any order from which an appeal lies.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 54(a). Traditionally, a court of law renders a judgment. A decree, traditionally, is a judgment rendered by a court of equity, admiralty, divorce, or probate. Today, the term judgment is more common in that sense, and decree refers more broadly to any court’s grant of relief. The relief granted needn’t be equitable in nature. A verdict is returned by a jury, which decides whether the facts satisfy the elements of a claim or offense. The word is used loosely when a court reaches a decision in a nonjury trial–the better practice being to use verdict for juries only. Further reading: Garner’s Dictionary of Legal Usage 252-53, 495-96, 636-38, 640, 791, 925-26 (3d ed. 2011). Black’s Law Dictionary 497-98, 970-73, 1265-67, 1270-72, 1533, 1791-92 (10th ed. 2014). Thanks to James C. Eschen for suggesting this topic. | <urn:uuid:4393685c-7c50-4fcb-a4aa-cc1f5c49eb06> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | http://lawprose.org/lawprose-lesson-165-ruling-vs-opinion-vs-judgment-etc/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.904202 | 532 | 3.421875 | 3 |
Every day, we make choices that can either increase or decrease our risk of getting cancer. While there is no guaranteed way to prevent cancer from occurring, making healthy lifestyle choices can help reduce your risk. Here are 9 foods that may increase your risk of cancer.
1. Processed Meats:
Many of us enjoy delicious processed meat like bacon, hot dogs, salami, or sausage from time to time. However, it’s important to be aware that these meats can contain carcinogenic nitrates and nitrites.
These chemicals are added to processed meats as preservatives, and they can increase your risk of cancer. In fact, studies have shown that consuming processed meats can increase your risk of stomach cancer by 21%. And the risk goes up with every additional 50 grams of processed meat you consume per day.
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So if you love bacon and eggs for breakfast, consider switching to turkey bacon or sausage. And when enjoying a hot dog at the ballpark, remember to balance it out with plenty of fruits and vegetables. By making small changes like these, we can help reduce our exposure to carcinogens and protect our health.
2. Refined Sugars:
Though sugar may seem like an innocuous indulgence, it can actually have some serious health consequences. Eating too much-refined sugar can increase the risk of certain types of cancer, including prostate cancer and liver cancer.
The problem is that sugar is often hidden in processed foods, so it can be easy to consume more than you realize. One way to cut back on sugar is to limit your intake of sugary drinks like soda and juice. You should also be careful about eating too many sweets or desserts.
When possible, choose options that are made with natural sweeteners like honey or maple syrup. By making smart choices about your sugar consumption, you can help reduce your risk for cancer and other serious health problems.
Studies have shown that regularly drinking alcohol can increase your risk of certain types of cancer, including breast, colon, and liver cancer. In particular, beer, wine, and hard liquor are known to be carcinogenic.
It’s important to remember that no amount of alcohol is considered safe when it comes to cancer risk. The American Cancer Society recommends limiting your alcohol intake to no more than one drink per day for women, and two drinks per day for men.
By being mindful of how much alcohol you consume, you can help reduce your cancer risk and enjoy a healthier lifestyle.
4. Fried Foods:
Fried foods like french fries and fried chicken can be delicious, but they can also increase your risk of cancer. This is because when food is fried at high temperatures, it produces carcinogenic chemicals in the cooking oil.
These chemicals have been linked to a higher risk of several types of cancer, including pancreatic and stomach cancer. To reduce your risk, try limiting your consumption of fried foods. Choose grilled or baked options instead, and fill up on nutrient-rich vegetables and legumes.
By making smart choices about what you eat, you can enjoy delicious food while also keeping cancer at bay.
5. Red Meat:
Red meat is a popular dietary staple, but eating too much can increase your risk of colorectal cancer. Studies have found that consuming more than 18 ounces (500 grams) of red meat per week can raise your risk by as much as 15%.
If you love steak or burgers, don’t worry—you don’t have to cut it out completely. Just opt for leaner cuts of red meat, and be sure to balance it out with plenty of vegetables, legumes, and whole grains.
By following these tips, you can enjoy a healthy diet while also minimizing your risk of cancer.
Radiation is an invisible but powerful energy that can come from natural sources like sunlight or from man-made sources like X-rays. Though radiation can be beneficial for medical purposes, too much exposure can increase the risk of cancer.
To reduce your risk, avoid unnecessary tests and procedures that use radiation. You should also limit your sun exposure by wearing sunscreen and avoiding direct sunlight during peak hours. And if you work with radiation in a professional setting, make sure to follow safety protocols and use protective equipment.
By taking the right precautions, you can reduce your exposure to radiation and protect yourself from cancer.
Smoking is perhaps the most well-known risk factor for cancer. Studies have linked smoking to an increased risk of many types of cancer, including lung, throat, and bladder cancer.
The best way to reduce your risk is to quit smoking completely. If you need help, there are a variety of resources available that can help you quit.
By eliminating smoking from your life, you can reduce your risk of cancer significantly and enjoy improved health and well-being.
8. Air Pollution:
Air pollution can have a major impact on health, including increasing your risk of cancer. Research has linked air pollution to an increased risk of several types of cancer, including lung, bladder, and breast cancer.
To reduce your risk, try to limit your exposure to air pollution as much as possible. Try not to exercise outdoors when air quality is poor, and if you live in an area with high levels of air pollution, consider investing in an air purifier for your home.
By being mindful of the air you breathe, you can help protect yourself from cancer and enjoy improved health.
Obesity is a major risk factor for many health conditions, including cancer. Studies have linked obesity to an increased risk of several types of cancer, including postmenopausal breast and colon cancer.
The best way to reduce your risk is to maintain a healthy weight through diet and exercise. Try incorporating more fruits and vegetables into your diet and reducing your consumption of processed foods. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate physical activity per week, and don’t forget to give yourself time to rest and relax.
By making healthy lifestyle choices, you can reduce your risk of cancer and enjoy improved health overall. | <urn:uuid:881af5d8-b02e-429c-8d81-a40018452db2> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | http://lifetoday.press/9-foods-that-may-increase-your-risk-of-cancer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.956338 | 1,236 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Old English (Anglo-Saxon) Period (450–1066)
The term Anglo-Saxon comes from two Germanic tribes: the Angles and the Saxons. This period of literature dates back to their invasion (along with the Jutes) of Celtic England circa 450. The era ends in 1066 when Norman France, under William, conquered England.
Much of the first half of this period—prior to the seventh century, at least—had oral literature. A lot of the prose during this time was a translation of something else or otherwise legal, medical, or religious in nature; however, some works, such as “Beowulf” and those by period poets Caedmon and Cynewulf, are important.
Middle English Period (1066–1500)
The Middle English period sees a huge transition in the language, culture, and lifestyle of England and results in what we can recognize today as a form of “modern” (recognizable) English. The era extends to around 1500. As with the Old English period, much of the Middle English writings were religious in nature; however, from about 1350 onward, secular literature began to rise. This period is home to the likes of Chaucer, Thomas Malory, and Robert Henryson. Notable works include “Piers Plowman” and “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight.”
The Renaissance (1500–1660)
Literary historians have begun to call this the “Early Modern” period, but here we retain the historically familiar term “Renaissance.” This period is often subdivided into four parts, including the Elizabethan Age (1558–1603), the Jacobean Age (1603–1625), the Caroline Age (1625–1649), and the Commonwealth Period (1649–1660).
The Elizabethan Age was the golden age of English drama. Some of its noteworthy figures include Christopher Marlowe, Francis Bacon, Edmund Spenser, Sir Walter Raleigh, and, of course, William Shakespeare. The Jacobean Age is named for the reign of James I. It includes the works of John Donne, Shakespeare, Michael Drayton, John Webster, Elizabeth Cary, Ben Jonson, and Lady Mary Wroth. The King James translation of the Bible also appeared during the Jacobean Age. The Caroline Age covers the reign of Charles I (“Carolus”). John Milton, Robert Burton, and George Herbert are some of the notable figures.
Finally, the Commonwealth Period was so named for the period between the end of the English Civil War and the restoration of the Stuart monarchy. This is the time when Oliver Cromwell, a Puritan, led Parliament, who ruled the nation. At this time, public theaters were closed (for nearly two decades) to prevent public assembly and to combat moral and religious transgressions. John Milton and Thomas Hobbes’ political writings appeared and, while drama suffered, prose writers such as Thomas Fuller, Abraham Cowley, and Andrew Marvell published prolifically.
The Neoclassical Period (1600–1785)
The Neoclassical period is also subdivided into ages, including The Restoration (1660–1700), The Augustan Age (1700–1745), and The Age of Sensibility (1745–1785). The Restoration period sees some response to the puritanical age, especially in the theater. Restoration comedies (comedies of manner) developed during this time under the talent of playwrights like William Congreve and John Dryden. Satire, too, became quite popular, as evidenced by the success of Samuel Butler. Other notable writers of the age include Aphra Behn, John Bunyan, and John Locke.
The Augustan Age was the time of Alexander Pope and Jonathan Swift, who imitated those first Augustans and even drew parallels between themselves and the first set. Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, a poet, was prolific at this time and noted for challenging stereotypically female roles. Daniel Defoe was also popular.
The Age of Sensibility (sometimes referred to as the Age of Johnson) was the time of Edmund Burke, Edward Gibbon, Hester Lynch Thrale, James Boswell, and, of course, Samuel Johnson. Ideas such as neoclassicism, a critical and literary mode, and the Enlightenment, a particular worldview shared by many intellectuals, were championed during this age. Novelists to explore include Henry Fielding, Samuel Richardson, Tobias Smollett, and Laurence Sterne as well as the poets William Cowper and Thomas Percy.
The Romantic Period (1785–1832)
The beginning date for the Romantic period is often debated. Some claim it is 1785, immediately following the Age of Sensibility. Others say it began in 1789 with the start of the French Revolution, and still others believe that 1798, the publication year for William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s book Lyrical Ballads is its true beginning.
The time period ends with the passage of the Reform Bill (which signaled the Victorian Era) and with the death of Sir Walter Scott. American literature has its own Romantic period, but typically when one speaks of Romanticism, one is referring to this great and diverse age of British literature, perhaps the most popular and well-known of all literary ages.
This era includes the works of such juggernauts as Wordsworth, Coleridge, William Blake, Lord Byron, John Keats, Charles Lamb, Mary Wollstonecraft, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Thomas De Quincey, Jane Austen, and Mary Shelley.
There is also a minor period, also quite popular (between 1786–1800), called the Gothic era. Writers of note for this period include Matthew Lewis, Anne Radcliffe, and William Beckford.
The Victorian Period (1832–1901)
This period is named for the reign of Queen Victoria, who ascended to the throne in 1837, and it lasts until her death in 1901. It was a time of great social, religious, intellectual, and economic issues, heralded by the passage of the Reform Bill, which expanded voting rights. The period has often been divided into “Early” (1832–1848), “Mid” (1848–1870) and “Late” (1870–1901) periods or into two phases, that of the Pre-Raphaelites (1848–1860) and that of Aestheticism and Decadence (1880–1901).
The Victorian period is in strong contention with the Romantic period for being the most popular, influential, and prolific period in all of English (and world) literature. Poets of this time include Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning, Christina Rossetti, Alfred Lord Tennyson, and Matthew Arnold, among others. Thomas Carlyle, John Ruskin, and Walter Pater were advancing the essay form at this time. Finally, prose fiction truly found its place under the auspices of Charles Dickens, Charlotte and Emily Bronte, Elizabeth Gaskell, George Eliot (Mary Ann Evans), Anthony Trollope, Thomas Hardy, William Makepeace Thackeray, and Samuel Butler.
The Edwardian Period (1901–1914)
This period is named for King Edward VII and covers the period between Victoria’s death and the outbreak of World War I. Although a short period (and a short reign for Edward VII), the era includes incredible classic novelists such as Joseph Conrad, Ford Madox Ford, Rudyard Kipling, H.G. Wells, and Henry James (who was born in America but spent most of his writing career in England); notable poets such as Alfred Noyes and William Butler Yeats; and dramatists such as James Barrie, George Bernard Shaw, and John Galsworthy.
The Georgian Period (1910–1936)
The Georgian period usually refers to the reign of George V (1910–1936) but sometimes also includes the reigns of the four successive Georges from 1714–1830. Here, we refer to the former description as it applies chronologically and covers, for example, the Georgian poets, such as Ralph Hodgson, John Masefield, W.H. Davies, and Rupert Brooke.
Georgian poetry today is typically considered to be the works of minor poets anthologized by Edward Marsh. The themes and subject matter tended to be rural or pastoral in nature, treated delicately and traditionally rather than with passion (like was found in the previous periods) or with experimentation (as would be seen in the upcoming modern period).
The Modern Period (1914–…)
The modern period traditionally applies to works written after the start of World War I. Common features include bold experimentation with subject matter, style, and form, encompassing narrative, verse, and drama. W.B. Yeats’ words, “Things fall apart; the center cannot hold,” are often referred to when describing the core tenet or “feeling” of modernist concerns.
Some of the most notable writers of this period include the novelists James Joyce, Virginia Woolf, Aldous Huxley, D.H. Lawrence, Joseph Conrad, Dorothy Richardson, Graham Greene, E.M. Forster, and Doris Lessing; the poets W.B. Yeats, T.S. Eliot, W.H. Auden, Seamus Heaney, Wilfred Owens, Dylan Thomas, and Robert Graves; and the dramatists Tom Stoppard, George Bernard Shaw, Samuel Beckett, Frank McGuinness, Harold Pinter, and Caryl Churchill.
New Criticism also appeared at this time, led by the likes of Woolf, Eliot, William Empson, and others, which reinvigorated literary criticism in general. It is difficult to say whether modernism has ended, though we know that postmodernism has developed after and from it; for now, the genre remains ongoing.
The Postmodern Period (1945–…)
The postmodern period begins about the time that World War II ended. Many believe it is a direct response to modernism. Some say the period ended about 1990, but it is likely too soon to declare this period closed. Poststructuralist literary theory and criticism developed during this time. Some notable writers of the period include Samuel Beckett, Joseph Heller, Anthony Burgess, John Fowles, Penelope M. Lively, and Iain Banks. Many postmodern authors wrote during the modern period as well.
© Journal of English – Times of U | <urn:uuid:cda26b6c-f10f-4d84-ba4d-cc408eca45e8> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | http://news.timesofu.com/?p=10382 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.942386 | 2,215 | 4.25 | 4 |
Kiwi fruit is a berry. It has small fruits of a round or oval shape, covered on the outside with a fleecy thin brown skin. The mass of the fruit can reach up to 80 g, diameter – up to 7 cm. Under the peel is juicy pulp, depending on the variety, it can be from green to yellow. In the very middle of the fruit, the pulp is white, surrounded by many small black seeds. The seeds are edible, taste sour. Kiwi pulp, in general, is sweet with a slight acidity, resembles a mixture of gooseberries, apples, pineapples.
Kiwi is grown in countries with a subtropical climate (Italy, New Zealand, Chile, Greece). There are also small plantations in Russia (Krasnodar Territory). You can buy everywhere at any time of the year.
You need to choose smooth fruits, without dents or other damage to the skin, their ripeness is determined by the softness of the fruit. If the fruits are hard and hard, then they will finish off at home without any problems, for which they need to be placed in a bag with apples for one to two days. Kiwi can be stored at room temperature for up to 5 days, in the refrigerator for up to two weeks, previously by putting it in a bag or plastic container.
Kiwi can be used in two ways: peel and cut into slices or cut in half and eat the pulp with a spoon.
Kiwi contains a large amount of vitamins B and C, calcium, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium.
Various desserts, fruit salads are made from it, served with meat, fish, seafood, and drinks are prepared (syrups, liquors, wine, cocktails). Used in cosmetology.
Ripening season is all year round. | <urn:uuid:ab090f75-109d-46ca-b1d8-7b9346accd04> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | http://selection-rungis.com/post154 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.951005 | 381 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Published in 1936, The General Theory of Employment Interest and Money remains a valuable book for both economists and policy makers. The recent financial crisis and the ongoing economic crisis have revived popular interest in this 1936 classic. The year 2009 saw the publication of two concise books on Keynes by two eminent scholars, Skidelsky and Clarke; an earlier blog post reviewed both their works. Not much will be said about the author ‘ John Maynard Keynes, in the following paragraphs. The main objective of this blog post, as the title suggests, is to provide a foreword to The General Theory. By foreword, we mean the following: ‘The introduction to a literary work, usually stating its subject, purpose, scope, method, etc.’ (Oxford English Dictionary).
The rapidly expanding market for economics textbooks has, to a significant extent, substituted the reading of original works. In this environment, where our understanding of Keynes is based upon what Blanchard, Branson, Mankiw or Romer write, the following blog post strives to remain faithful to Keynes unlike the IS-LM version of Keynes proposed by Hicks and popularised by these textbooks. Keynes labelled Ricardo, Marshall and Pigou as Classical economists; this definition is not adhered to in the present blog post for Classical economics is a system of economic theory (to which Ricardo belongs) which is distinct from and a rival to Marginalist economics of which Marshall and Pigou are important members (see Thomas 2011 for more).
For Marshall, Pigou and marginalist economists of today, unemployment is a transitory phenomenon caused by ‘imperfections’ in the operation of the market forces. In their theoretical world characterised by competition, full employment is the ‘general’ case. However, Keynes demonstrated that this notion was based on assumptions contrary to the real world such as flexibility of money wages, absence of store of value function of money and rate of interest as a real phenomenon capable of equilibrating savings and investment and hence can only be considered a ‘special’ case. As he writes, ‘there has been a fundamental misunderstanding of how in this respect the economy in which we live actually works’ (p. 13). Opposed to this state of affairs, Keynes argued that the ‘general’ situation in an economy with competitive markets is the prevalence on unemployment. In other words, the central purpose of Keynes’s work is to demonstrate that unemployment is the usual situation in a competitive economy.
The main subject matter of The General Theory is the determination of aggregate employment and income or ‘the theory of output as a whole’ (Preface, p. vi). This needs to be seen against the then prevalent mode of economic analysis which was largely Marshallian in nature. Marginal productivity theory along with the principle of substitution was employed to understand the allocation of a given level of output; under conditions of competition, in equilibrium, full employment was (and still is) expected to prevail. And questions concerning the determination of the level of output were carried out within a theory whose primary subject matter was allocation, and not determination, of output levels. (On this, see especially Keynes’s preface to the German edition of his 1936 book.)
Marginalist economics, in the 1900s, looked up to the works of Marshall, and Pigou. ‘Keynes was brought up on a large dose of their works. Theories of production concentrated on determining the output levels in individual markets, and more often on allocation of output. Similarly, theories of distribution examined the allocation of income to workers and capitalists. Policy recommendations were made on the basis of such theories. The remedy to unemployment, according to Pigou and other orthodox economists, consisted in lowering workers’ wages. Economics certainly did not have an apparatus or a framework to study the ‘level of output as a whole’, or macroeconomics as it is called today. Besides output levels, Keynes also stressed the role played by money in ‘real’ analysis ‘ the examination of income, employment, investment, consumption and saving. Rate of interest, according to Keynes, is a monetary phenomenon which depends on liquid preference. In short, the scope of his work remained the same as that of earlier economists ‘ the study of wealth. Today, economics has broadened its scope to include any subject which can be examined by employing some form of the cost-benefit analysis. (See Malthus: The Scope of Political Economy)
Being brought up in the marginalist Marshallian tradition, Keynes attempted to completely break away from their method. In the preface to the German edition, he makes his desire explicit: ‘It was in this [Marshallian] atmosphere that I was brought up. I taught these doctrines myself and it is only within the last decade that I have been conscious of their insufficiency. In my own thought and development, therefore, this book represents a reaction, a transition away from the English classical (or orthodox) tradition.’ However, his attempt was not entirely successful. This is especially visible in his analysis of investment, where he develops the ‘marginal efficiency of capital’; much has been written on this in the context of the capital theory debates. The role he assigned to ‘expectations’ and the links to investment levels have been considered an improvement of the economists’ toolkit and consequently seen as an improvement in the capacity of economic theory to understand reality.
The aim of this blog post has been mainly to put The General Theory in the 1936 context, where Marshallian economics reigned supreme. Today, central governments, central banks and policy makers employ macroeconomic theory to understand the real world and to frame policies which increase output levels, stabilise prices and ensure financial stability. However, majority of these theories remain rooted in the orthodox tradition (variants of Marshall, Walras, Pigou and others resurface in the form of DSGE, New Classical macroeconomics or New Keynesian macroeconomics) which Keynes broke away from. Truly, The General Theory published in 1936 remains an economics classic, which is of enduring value to those who find terrible problems with the current orthodoxy! | <urn:uuid:28529fb8-686c-40cf-a46e-3ec06f598e25> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | http://www.alexmthomas.com/tag/scope-of-economics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.965245 | 1,266 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Golf is the most prestigious and symbolic for high social status game in the world. There is a big contradictory about its origins, but most golf courses in United States were built based on original designs and ideas from Europe. Top ranked, famous golf courses in America were built in the late 1890s. Most of them remain private, not accessible to the general public. But the history behind oldest golf courses is astonishing. Mysterious challenges of the game were developed in the architecture of natural landscapes by most prolific golf course designers of the last century. Original ideas, history behind the scenes of putting green can amaze the most sophisticated golf enthusiast. (photo: William Poultney Smith, AW Tillinghast and George Crump.)
Pine Valley Golf Club
Pine Valley Golf Club was ranked highest in Golf Magazine 100 Top Course in United States and the world in 2012. Designed and build by George Arthur Crump Jr. in 1913, Philadelphian hotelier and golf course architect, it is still considered the most challenging golf course in history. Golf fanatic and successful hotel businessman, Mr. Crump with his friend Joseph Baker travelled to Europe to study the most famous golf courses in Britain and the Continent, and by the time of their return George decided to make a significant improvement in the golf industry in his homeland.
Most golf courses at this time were built with a minimalistic approach to the site base. Instead, George used European ideas. During his hunting expeditions to New Jersey region, his decided to purchase 184 acres of sandy ground deep in pinelands, where he drained and pulled out twenty-two thousands of stumps with steam-winches and horse-drawn cables. His idea of a golf course was out of ordinary. No hole of his course was laid out of parallel to the next. No more than two running holes can be played in the same direction. You can't see any hole other the one you are playing. Unlike any other traditionally designed golf course, a round of golf of Pine Valley Course required a player to use every club in his bag.
George Crump was so obsessed with building his golf course; he died without seeing his project through. Some say; he committed suicide, others reported he died from an infected tooth. Nevertheless, four last holes he never completed was made by other golf course's architects after Crump's death in 1918.
The unique in its approach to the game, Pine Valley Golf Course has not been hosted any professional golf tournaments due to its limited space for thousands of spectators. This club is private except for one day in September of every year for general public to watch the Crump Cup, nationally recognized tournament for amateurs.
Augusta National Golf Club
Augusta National Golf Club was designed by Bobby Jones and Alister MacKenzie and opened for play in 1933. Interesting enough, initially, Alister MacKenzie was not a golf architect. He was a military surgeon in Britain army during Boer War when he became acknowledged with military camouflage. Later on, he said, "the brilliant successes of the Boers [during his service in South Africa] were due to the great extent to their making the best use of natural cover and the construction of artificial cover indistinguishable from nature."
After war, MacKenzie left medicine, became a member of several golfs clubs in England, and remained on Green Committees for years until 1930. His modern for his time ideas about golf courses included undulating greens, narrow and long greens angled from the center of the fairway, large free-form bunker shapes, and additional contouring. Those ideas became part of his development of Augusta National Golf Course. MacKenzie's golf architecture was born before the era of massive scale land preparation, and he was seeking to adjust the beauty of natural land layout with the game needs.
Augusta National Golf Course was open exclusively for male golfers until 2012, stressing out for 79 years that it is a private club and has the right to defend its membership policies.
Cypress Point Golf Club
The same golf designer, Alister MacKenzie, who designed Augusta National Golf Course, was the lead architect of Cypress Point Golf Club along with Robert Hunter. Located in Monterey, California, this private golf club is regularly rated among the best golf courses in the world. It has a single 18-hole course, and the 16th is played over the ocean. Opened in 1928, this golf course is another beautiful design idea of MacKenzie naturalistic approach. MacKenzie let the course fall where it does naturally, and the Monterey's coast is the most spectacular place on earth. Falling through the dunes of the coast, the course travels into Del Monte forest and reemerges to the coastline for the most amazing finishing holes. Some say that it is a "truly the Holy Grail of golf."
Shinnecock Hills Golf Club
Claimed to be the oldest golf club (1891) in United States, Shinnecock Hills Golf Club is located in Southampton on Long Island, New York. It has hosted the U.S. Open four times. Can you imagine, how much the founders paid for 80 acres of land back in 1889? $2,500. The pay-off was quick with $4,400 paid in membership for newly signups.
This golf club was originally designed by Willie Davis from Royal Montreal Clubs with 12 holes in 1891. Willie Dunn from Scotland added six more holes, getting the course to 18. In 1985, Shinnecock Hills Golf Club held second U.S. Open. It appears though that the course wasn't challenging enough, and it was abandoned in 1901. In 1937, William Flynn redesigned the course into 6,740-yard configuration. It hosted 2004 U.S. Open only after extension of 256 yards.
Shinnecock Hills Golf Club is often called "favorite ladies club" for its acceptable of women golfers from the first day of its opening.
The ownership of the land is under a question though. Indian Nation of Shinnecock claims that this land was illegally seized in a white land grab in 1859.
Oakmont Country Club
Oakmont Country Golf Club is one of the older in United States (opened in 1903). It was built by Henry C. Fownes, former iron manufacturer from Pittsburgh, Philadelphia. His Carrie Furnace Company, sold to Carnegie Steel Corporation in 1896, made him a wealthy man at the age of 40. He spent his retirement years playing golf and investing in his private golf club. His idea of a golf course was simple. He purchased 200 acres of vast farmland, got one hundred and fifty workers, and with two dozens of mule teams, slowly built a link-style course. Today, his golf course is considered one of the most difficult in the United States. It has large, extremely fast, and undulating greens.
At those times, Haskell ball became more and more popular, and Fownes build his course to handle this new technology at 6,400 yards. It is 1,200 feet longer than recommended 6,000 yard length.
Without today's technologies, bulldozers and earth-moving equipment, Fownes has built Oakmont Country Club relying on the natural landscape. His course originally had 100 bunkers, and fairways over existing hills and swales presented Oakmond's mysterious challenge.
Herbert Warren, a famous journalist, called Oakmond "an ugly old brute" in the New Yorker. No long after, the club committee planted trees to make the course look more beautiful, but in the mid-1990s trees were removed due to its destructive effect on the course. The wind is a big factor in navigating the course, and it is no doubt a challenge for golfers.
Merion Golf Course (East)
Merion Golf Course (Haveford Township, Pennsylvania) is a private golf club founded in 1896 by members of Merion Cricket Club. Designed by 32-year-old Hugh Irvine Wilson, a Princeton University graduate, the Merion East was open in 1912. Hugh was an excellent golfer himself, but he has no idea how to build golf courses. To achieve his goal of building decent golf course, he traveled to Scotland and England to bring back traditional ideas. Distinctive Scottish-style bunkers, we know today as the "white faces of Merion," are the result of this trip.
Merion Golf Course hosted 5 U.S. Opens from 1934 to 2013. This club was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1992.
Pebble Beach Golf Links
Located in Pebble Beach, California, Pebble Beach Golf Links golf course is mentioned among the most spectacular courses in the world. Its wide open views of Carmel Bay on the south side of the Monterey, Peninsula are incredible. Established in 1919 as part of the complex of the Hotel del Monte, it was originally designed as a local excursion route for visitors. One of its designers, Jack Neville, was focused on placing as many holes as possible along the coastline. This created a "figure 8" layout. Various changes to the course were made up to 2014. Pebble Beach hosted U.S. Open five times. The next scheduled time is 2019.
Pebble Beach Golf Links is not private anymore. It became public in 2001.
Winged Foot Golf Club
Winged Foot Golf Club is ranked number 8 by Golf magazine. It is a 36-hole golf course in Mamaroneck, New York. Its architect, Albert Warren Tillinghast was one of the most prolific architects and writers on sports in the history of golf. He designed around 265 golf courses. Shackelford wrote. "Humor and quirkiness abound on his holes, but every course is a strong test of skill from the first hole to last."
Tillinghast always felt that greens were essential to any course. In writing about Winged Foot, he said that its "holes are like men, all rather similar from foot to neck, but with the greens showing the same varying characters as human faces."
Winged Foot Golf Club had hosted six U.S. Open, two U.S. Amateur, various PGA Championships, and U.S. Women's Open. It is a private golf club for the rest of the year.
Sand Hills Golf Club
Sand Hills Golf Club was built in 1995 and designed by Ben Crenshaw and Bill Coore. It is located in the Sand Hills of Nebraska. Ranked high, this golf club remains unqualified, but claims to be a links course as Pebble Beach Golf Links. When the main design was done, there were a hundred different holes on the course. It was slowly reduced to 18. Sand Hills Golf Club does not have all characteristic of seaside links, but it is one of the most naturally arranged golf courses. There is no better place for a golfer to disappear for a few days due to its remote location.
Fishers Island Golf Club
The Fishers Island Club is a private country club on the east of Fishers Island, New York. Founded in 1926 and design by Seth Raynor and Charles Banks, it was called the "Cypress Point of the East." This link-style course is only two miles wide and eight miles in length. Accessible only by ferry, Fishers island Club is one of the most prestigious golf clubs in the world. The island itself became very popular among the most affluent New Yorkers who have bought property there in their search for secluded seascapes. It is impossible to play at this golf course for anyone who is not a part of its up-scale community. ... | <urn:uuid:4bff2945-78d7-4096-856e-bff87190db44> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | http://www.artificialgrass-tampa.com/tampatopics/golf-course | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.973919 | 2,373 | 2.75 | 3 |
UK’s leading resource on high blood pressure
Welcome to BPASSOC.org.uk, the UK’s leading resource on high blood pressure or hypertension. High blood pressure affects nearly one billion people globally. Our website provides information and assistance on living with high blood pressure.
What is high blood pressure?
High blood pressure is a medical condition resulting in increased blood pressure in the arteries. Almost one billion people worldwide suffer from high blood pressure, which is also known as hypertension and arterial hypertension.
High blood pressure is diagnosed by comparing two different measurements of the patient’s blood pressure. By comparing the range of these readings, doctors can see if a patient’s blood pressure is elevated or within the normal range.
Because high blood pressure is such a common medical condition, it’s important to have easy access to information about the symptoms of high blood pressure, today’s most effective treatments and blood pressure management options.
We aim to provide an in-depth, detailed and helpful resource for people that believe they may have high blood pressure who are interested in learning more about it and people who have high blood pressure seeking treatment and management options.
High Blood Pressure Information
In this section of our website, you’ll be able to access detailed information on high blood pressure. Learn about the symptoms of high blood pressure, the effects high blood pressure can have on your health and more.
Our High Blood Pressure Information section is split into seven pages, each covering a different aspect of high blood pressure or hypertension:
- Blood Pressure Guide
- How to Lower High Blood Pressure
- High Blood Pressure Medications
- Blood Pressure Monitors List
- Why High Blood Pressure Matters
- Age and its Effects on Blood Pressure
- Health Effects of High Blood Pressure
Whether you would like to learn more about the signs and symptoms of high blood pressure or want detailed information on high blood pressure medication, our High Blood Pressure Information section will help you find the answers you need.
Lower Your Blood Pressure
It’s possible to manage your high blood pressure and bring it to within a healthier range by making some changes to your diet and lifestyle. In our Lower Your Blood Pressure section, you’ll find detailed guides to lowering your blood pressure.
Our Lower Your Blood Pressure section is split into five pages, each covering one of the most effective ways to treat high blood pressure:
- Diet and its Effects on Blood Pressure
- Lowering Blood Pressure With Exercise
- Simple Steps to Lower Blood Pressure
- Foods to Avoid for Healthy Blood Pressure
- Changing Your Lifestyle and Habits
Whether your blood pressure is on the high side of normal or significantly above the normal level, this section will help you learn safe, effective and proven strategies for reducing your blood pressure and living a healthier life.
Blood Pressure Resources
Do you have questions about high blood pressure or hypertension? You’ll find the answers you’re seeking in our Blood Pressure Resources. This section covers many of the most common questions and concerns regarding high blood pressure:
- FAQs About High Blood Pressure
- Which Medications Should You Take?
- What Your Blood Pressure Score Means
- Blood Pressure and Health Glossary
High blood pressure is a common health condition, and new developments continue to make managing it simpler. Stay up to date with the latest news and developments on high blood pressure with our blog. | <urn:uuid:2da014a7-f755-4eaa-a015-dc440c952d76> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | http://www.bpassoc.org.uk/uks-leading-resource-high-blood-pressure/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.87422 | 697 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Macaroni, or as it is often spelt macroni, a beloved pasta variety, often conjures images of comforting, cheesy or masala-loaded dishes. While it's true that macaroni can be part of indulgent meals, and it mostly is, it also has several health benefits that may surprise you.
According to a study published in the journal “Frontiers In Nutrition,’ suggested that pasta can be included as part of a healthy diet as it opens the gateway for better diet quality and greater intake of folate, iron, magnesium and dietary fibre. What the study means to suggest is that macaroni can be made from numerous other flours than maida, and is an excellent base that can be paired with nutritious vegetables and spices.
#1 Rich in Complex Carbohydrates
Macroni can give you the energy to perform physical activities. Macaroni is primarily made from durum wheat semolina, which provides a rich source of complex carbohydrates. These carbohydrates serve as an excellent energy source for your body and will keep you fueled throughout the day.
#2 Good Source of Fibre
Whole-grain macroni varieties are particularly high in dietary fibre. Fibre is essential for digestive health, as it aids in regular bowel movements and can help prevent constipation. It also promotes a feeling of fullness, which can assist in weight management by curbing overeating.
#3 Provides Essential Nutrients
In this era of fast foods and packaged meals, most of us might be receiving adequate protein, fats, and fibre, but vitamin and mineral deficiencies are rampant nowadays. Macaroni can help you with that as well, as it contains essential vitamins and minerals, including:
- B Vitamins: This group of vitamins plays crucial roles in enhancing your metabolism and overall health.
- Iron: Macaroni contributes to your iron intake, supporting oxygen transport in the blood.
- Folate: Also known as vitamin B9, folate is important for cell division and the prevention of certain birth defects during pregnancy. So eating macaroni during pregnancy can boost the chances of a healthy baby.
#4 Low in Fat and Cholesterol
Cooking macaroni without excessive cheese or creamy sauces can help you enjoy a meal that is naturally low in fat and cholesterol. This makes it a heart-healthy choice, as reducing saturated and trans fats in your diet can help maintain healthy cholesterol levels and reduce your chances of developing heart disease.
#5 Versatility in Healthy Recipes
One of macaroni's greatest strengths is its versatility. You can add it to a wide range of healthy recipes, such as vegetable-based pasta salads, cooked pasta with fresh, colourful veggies, or whole-grain macaroni and cheese with reduced-fat cheese and added vegetables. In short, macaroni provides the perfect fibre base for meals that are bursting with essential nutrients.
#6 Satisfying and Comforting
Macroni is a soul food. A lot of people would agree that a hearty plate of macaroni can lift your mood right up. Moreover, macaroni's comforting, satisfying qualities also help curb cravings for less healthy comfort foods. By choosing whole-grain or whole-wheat macaroni and pairing it with nutrient-rich ingredients, you can create comforting meals that are filling, nutritious, and most importantly enhance your mood.
#7 Promotes Balanced Eating
Macaroni is the perfect gateway to healthy eating. Our minds are tuned to believing that healthy food has to taste bland or simply bad. But macaroni is here to change that perception. Including macaroni as part of a balanced diet that includes vegetables, lean proteins, and healthy fats can help you maintain a well-rounded and satisfying eating pattern. As a result, it has the power to help you achieve and maintain a healthy body weight.
While moderation is key, macaroni can be a valuable addition to your diet, offering complex carbohydrates, fibre, essential nutrients, and versatility in meal planning. Just make sure that when we talk about macaroni being nutritious, it does not include the maida variety. By choosing whole-grain varieties and preparing macaroni with wholesome ingredients, you can enjoy the health benefits of this beloved pasta while satisfying your taste buds and maintaining your overall well-being. So, go ahead and indulge in a delicious macaroni dish that not only comforts your palate but also supports your health. | <urn:uuid:b554788e-f121-4ad7-a822-931556599116> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | http://www.pacificwholesale.org/health-benefits-of-macaroni-1695497654.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.95464 | 913 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Australian scientists, including an Indian-origin researcher, have unveiled a groundbreaking, cost-effective, and non-invasive blood test capable of predicting the risk of Alzheimer's disease up to two decades before clinical symptoms manifest. Researchers from The Australian National University (ANU) achieved this feat by merging nanotechnology with artificial intelligence (AI) to scrutinise blood proteins for early indicators of neurodegeneration or "biomarkers" signalling the onset of Alzheimer's.
The core of this innovation lies in an ultra-thin silicon chip fitted with "nanopores" – minuscule nanometer-sized openings that meticulously analyse proteins using a sophisticated AI algorithm. A small blood sample is applied to this chip, which is then inserted into a portable device about the size of a mobile phone. This device employs the AI algorithm to search for distinctive protein signatures associated with the early stages of Alzheimer's.
Although Alzheimer's currently lacks a cure, ANU researcher Shankar Dutt pointed out that identifying an individual's Alzheimer's risk two decades in advance could significantly enhance patient outcomes. Dutt emphasised that individuals armed with such early knowledge could embark on proactive lifestyle adjustments and adopt medication strategies that might slow down disease progression.
The research team has further highlighted the adaptability of their algorithm, which, as detailed in the journal Small Methods, can be programmed to simultaneously screen for multiple neurological conditions, including Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
In contrast to the invasive and expensive hospital procedures traditionally employed for early detection of Alzheimer's, such as lumbar punctures, the ANU technique requires only a small blood sample. Patients could receive their test results in near-real-time. The simplicity and speed of this test make it suitable for general practitioners and other clinicians, eliminating the need for hospital visits. This development is especially advantageous for individuals residing in remote and regional areas. | <urn:uuid:f68116a7-e93c-4ac9-8a24-592c26196fb0> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | http://www.pacificwholesale.org/researchers-finds-ai-based-blood-test-to-predict-alzheimer-risk-up-to-twenty-years-in-advance-1695292115.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.918509 | 384 | 3.0625 | 3 |
The bottom layer of rock at Bryce Canyon is the top layer at Zion, and the bottom layer at Zion is the top layer at the Grand Canyon
Navajo Sandstone is comprised of thick layers of cross-bedded sandstone formed by windblown sand
Angels Landing (5,785') rises 1500' from the Zion Canyon floor and Virgin River, which wraps around its base.
Pressure from overlying sedimentary layers combined with iron oxide, calcium carbonate and silica to transform deposits into stone
The West Rim Trail climbs nearly two miles of rough-pour switchbacks up the west canyon wall between the Virgin River bottom and Refrigerator Canyon
The Virgin River drops roughly nearly 7,800' in the 160 miles it travels from its origin at Navajo Lake to Lake Mead
Sediments from which the Zion landscape is carved at one point piled up over 10,000'
Short sections between Cabin Spring and the Angels Landing spur run across narrow, exposed ledges that can be unsafe to pass when wet
Zion National Park ranges from 8,726' on Horse Ranch Mountain to 3,666' in Coal Pits Wash
Bluestem Penstemon is in the Figwort Family, a large and complex group with many parasitic and semi-parasitic members
Rock layers in Zion were deposited 110 –270 M years ago, and only in recent (geologic) time have they been uplifted and erode
In March 2009 the Omnibus Public Land Management Act designated 124,406 acres of Zion National Park as Wilderness
The Pale Evening Primrose genus name Oenothera means 'wine-scented', referring to the use of its roots in wine making
Steep canyon walls create areas of near perennial shade with nicknames such as 'Little Siberia'
Mariposa Lily's genus name 'Calochortus' is from the Greek word 'kalos', which means beautiful
Water falling from Zion's high plateaus has greater velocity than low lying areas and cuts deep, narrow canyons
Paintbrush is a semi-parasitic plant that survives drought by attaching to roots of other plants and siphoning off water
High sections of the West Rim Trail run across ponderosa-topped mesas, which are periodically culled by natural, low-intensity fires
Globe Mallow has been found to be an effect defense against certain invasive plant species | <urn:uuid:2d4dee74-d403-4cbe-a3db-b576e6bbdbe6> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | http://www.protrails.com/gallery/678/utah/zion-national-park/west-rim-trail | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.930935 | 490 | 3.015625 | 3 |
25 Easy Ways to Volunteer to Help Climate Change in Your Community
Climate change is an increasingly important topic in any community. It’s a global concern and something every person can take action for. You can volunteer to help climate change in your community today!
There are so many ways that you can volunteer your personal efforts towards the climate change issue and helping our planet. Here are a few ways to take action to help protect and preserve the world’s environment.
25 Easy Ways to Help Climate Change:
- Plant trees in your local community.
- Recycle anything that you can.
- Participate in a community cleanup at a local park and put items in their proper bings: waste, recycling, or compost.
- Ensure that you put the correct items in the compost, recycling, and waste bins within your own homes.
- Educate your friends and family members on which items go into which waste, recycling, and compost bin.
- Join a local club focused on advocating for climate change issues.
- Host an event that educates your community on climate change and environmental issues.
- Donate to a local climate change non-profit organization.
- Volunteer for an organization that protects wildlife.
- Donate to an organization that protects and educates individuals about wildlife.
- Start a community garden.
- Create an event that sells reusable items, such as bags for grocery shopping, to reduce plastic use.
- Create a club or committee at your workplace or school that promotes recycling and reducing plastic use.
- Host a fundraiser that collects money to be donated towards an environmental non profit.
- Donate your used goods to reduce garbage and save energy in creating new items.
- Try to purchase more items from second-hand or consignment stores.
- Create an event to have individuals exchange their used goods rather than discard them.
- Collect used goods from your friends and family to donate to local charities and thrift stores.
- Unplug your electronics and turn off your lights when you don’t use them. Saving electricity reduces your carbon footprint.
- Choose locally grown food to purchase to help lower transportation costs of imported food items from other areas.
- Plan an event that promotes locally grown food.
- Carpool with colleagues to work or friends to school to reduce pollution.
- Better yet, start a biking and walking club with your colleagues or friends to work or school to reduce pollution. Remember – every day counts.
- Share facts about climate change and the importance of sustainability, going green initiatives, conservation, and environmental education on social media.
- Write to, email, and call your local politicians, business leaders, and media to discuss the importance of sustainability and environmental goals.
Remember – every small step goes a long way. And every little thing each one of us does will help improve our environment in a big way! All of us can make a change – start today!
Want more ideas to help our planet? Join 365give and help change the world through small acts of daily giving. | <urn:uuid:34343ce5-6f58-44c4-a8c3-168742b25fab> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://365give.ca/25-easy-ways-to-volunteer-to-help-climate-change-in-your-community/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.909712 | 628 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Researchers have developed a set of oil-degrading bacteria and fungi isolated from corals that could offer a less toxic alternative to chemical remediation of oil spills.
Similar to dish detergent on a greasy pan, chemical dispersants break down oil slicks into smaller droplets, but this process mixes toxic compounds into the water, which can harm corals and other marine life. In a study published May 21 in Microbiome, researchers found that a probiotic microbial consortium was more effective than a commonly used dispersant at degrading oil — but unlike the dispersant, the probiotics were not toxic to corals and did not alter their microbiomes.
Corals are marine animals that form reefs — complex ecosystems that provide habitats for thousands of other species. Many corals house food-producing photosynthetic algae symbionts in their tissues and are also teeming with microorganisms that collectively form the microbiome.
"Just like us, corals have many microorganisms: viruses, fungi, yeast, bacteria," said Denise Silva, one of the study's lead authors and the manager of Rebecca Vega Thurber's microbiology lab at Oregon State University, who started this work as a Ph.D student at Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. "Some microorganisms can be opportunistic and cause disease, but in most cases, these microorganisms help the coral, just like we have bacteria in our gut that have important functions."
Beneficial gut bugs have a hand in many aspects of human health, a finding that has led to development of, for example, fecal microbiota transplants for treating conditions such as obesity and gastrointestinal diseases. A recent study found that, more than ever before, people are downing more probiotics — live microbes — in supplements and in foods such as kombucha and yogurt.
Probiotics could have uses beyond people as well, according to Silva. Previous research from some of the study's authors found that beneficial bacteria from corals can protect the animals from temperature stress and disease, and other bacteria can degrade oil, suggesting that probiotics could be a better alternative to chemical dispersants such as Corexit, a product that is widely used for remediation of oil spills.
Other work with soil microbes found that a mixture of fungi and bacteria broke down oil better than bacteria alone, which led Silva and her colleagues to suspect that a consortium of different microbes could be a good approach to developing coral probiotics for oil bioremediation.
The researchers collected fragments of two coral species — Millepora alcicornis and Siderastrea stellate — from reefs near Rio de Janeiro. To isolate oil-degrading fungi and bacteria, the team extracted microbes from the corals and grew them in media supplemented with crude-oil fractions. The final probiotic consortium included six strains of bacteria and three strains of fungi that didn't inhibit each other's growth and weren't known to be harmful to corals.
Next, the researchers set up a seawater tank experiment to test how M. alcicornis fared under different conditions. To mimic remediation after an oil spill, they applied crude oil to seawater tanks, followed by Corexit, probiotics, both or neither. They also tested tanks with just dispersant, just probiotics or both dispersant and probiotics. Finally, they left one set of tanks as plain seawater as a control.
In agreement with other studies, the team found that Corexit, whether applied alone or with oil or probiotics, caused visible bleaching, which occurs when corals expel symbiotic algae in response to stress. As a result, corals exposed to the dispersant had much lower photosynthesis rates than controls after four days, and many of the corals died.
Corexit was much more harmful to corals than oil alone. Compared with corals in plain seawater, those exposed to oil had only somewhat reduced photosynthesis rates and were slightly paler, evidence of bleaching.
When the probiotic consortium was applied after oil, photosynthesis rates and coral color were similar to that of control corals.
The researchers suggest that the dispersant could harm corals both directly and by disrupting the microbiome. Corals treated with Corexit had higher levels of bacteria associated with stress and disease and lower levels of beneficial bacteria, while those treated with oil or probiotics had similar microbiomes to control corals.
"This is the first work that explores how the dispersant can affect the microbiome of corals," Silva told The Academic Times. "The dispersant can really affect the microbiome of the coral and the coral itself very quickly: In just four days, the coral was dead."
The researchers also found that the probiotic consortium was much better at breaking down oil compounds than the chemical dispersant was, supporting the idea that these microbes could be a better way to clean up oil in the environment.
"Major oil spills, like that which occurred in Brazil in 2019 that affected 2,000 kilometers [1,243 miles] of the coast, are very hard to take out of the environment. It can take decades to take out of the environment, so it's persistent pollution," Silva said.
In addition to major oil spills, smaller spills occur very frequently, but they often go unreported, she added.
According to the researchers, coral probiotics could be used to remediate environmental oil contamination in the future, but more work is needed to scale-up their approach for use in natural systems and assess any potential risks.
The specific probiotic consortium for remediation of oil spills would depend on the coral species in nearby reefs, Silva said. The study lays out methods that could help select appropriate microorganisms from other corals.
"Each coral has its own microbiome, and each coral reef has different species of corals," she explained. "In Brazil, we have many endemic species of corals. I can't apply the same probiotic, for example, in Australia, because [the species there are] different."
Coral reefs are not only biodiversity hot spots; they are also important for reducing flooding risk in coastal communities. But many corals around the world are threatened by climate change and human development, which puts them at greater risk of being smothered by sediment and bleaching.
But it's not all bad news for corals. A recent study suggested that many coral species are so widespread that extinctions are less likely than some people had feared, and another group of researchers developed coral cell lines, which they say could simplify lab-based research on these animals.
The study, "Multi-domain probiotic consortium as an alternative to chemical remediation of oil spills at coral reefs and adjacent sites," published May 21 in Microbiome, was authored by Denise P. Silva and Rebecca L. Vega Thurber, Oregon State University; Helena D.M. Villela, Gustavo A.S. Duarte, José Roberto Ribeiro, Angela M. Ghizelini, Caren L.S. Vilela, Phillipe M. Rosado, Carolline S. Fazolato, Erika P. Santoro, Flavia L. Carmo and Caio T.C.C. Rachid, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Henrique F. Santos, Fluminense Federal University; Dalton S. Ximenes and Adriana U. Soriano, Leopoldo Américo Miguez de Mello Research Center; and Raquel S. Peixoto, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro and King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. | <urn:uuid:3bf708b8-bf42-400a-a982-35aa80955675> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://academictimes.org/coral-probiotics-could-help-clean-up-oil-spills/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.957142 | 1,554 | 3.421875 | 3 |
History Reminds Us That The First Day of the Year is a Moment for Radical Change
As we begin 2023, reminding ourselves of the momentous historical events that have taken place on January 1st can inspire and bolster our hopes for a more just future.
The first day of the year is often portentous in the narratives we sketch out for our future selves to inhabit. But it is also important historically; a day which marks not one, not two, but multiple epochal events.
January 1st marks the triumph of good over evil, of the oppressed over the oppressor, of justice over ignominy. It is the day that the Haitian Revolution and the Cuban Revolution triumphed; the day that the Zapatista uprising took place in 1994’s Mexico, radically shaping the way we can structure our societies and their relationship with their living environments; and the anniversary of the Bhima Koregaon victory in the Indian subcontinent.
These events are displaced temporally and may appear to merely be connected by the happenstance of date, an SEO-friendly coincidence beloved by digital journalists and sub-editors the world over.
But they are intrinsically tied to the idea that radical, generative change is not only a conceivable proposition, but actually possible. Something which is vital to remember after the last few years which has witnessed the malodorous rise of the Far-Right in mainstream politics and the wanton destruction of our planet thanks to the rapacious greed of late capitalism and its sycophants.
Political commitments complement personal resolutions. My personal goal to loose flab and no longer resemble an overripe peach can be matched by my conviction to not only dream of a better world but commit to making it happen.
Separated by more than a century, but linked by a shared history of imperialism and anticolonial resistance specific to the West Indies, both the Haitian and Cuban Revolutions stand as a reminder than any oppressor, no matter how overwhelming their numbers, can be beaten, and that a better more equitable future for all is within our grasp.
The 1801 Constitution drawn up by Louverture and his compatriots ought to be the one taught in schools around the world rather than its American counterpart, the latter of which is forever tainted by the hypocrisy of enslavers penning words declaring their freedom. The Haitian Constitution instead enshrined the unassailable dignity of every man and woman, regardless of colour or creed, and declared all equal before the law.
But it also represented, as the historian CLR James put it, the first time that “…West Indians first became aware of themselves as a people…”. If Haiti was the start, Cuba in 1959 was the conclusion to the quest for sovereignty and search for a nationhood antithetical to the best interests of the groups which historically pillaged and ravaged the West Indies.
As Castro and his colleagues triumphantly marched into Havana, the world woke again to the possibility of a different way of being — one that breaks from the well-trodden paths of imperialism and capitalism.
This sentiment echoed again in 1994, when the Zapatistas rose up to seize several municipalities in Mexico, simultaneously reclaiming land and dignity whilst demonstrating that decolonisation is not merely a theory, but a liveable and achievable reality that must centre indigenous lives and experiences first and foremost.
The vision of the movement should speak to us in the 21st century, grappling with the worst excesses of capitalist extraction and its appalling environmental impact.
If the Zapatistas point towards a truly decolonised socio-political formation, then Bhima Koregaon represents the messy power structures that underpinned the colonial project, and how its afterlives can often be best understood, as the historian Partha Chatterjee put it, as “…national identities within a different narrative, that of the community.”
Seventeen years after Haiti, an estimated 800 Mahar troops employed by the East India Company successfully defended their position against a 28,000 strong force by the Brahmin Peshwa-led Maratha confederacy.
The 1818 battle is a major military turning point in most macrohistories of Indian colonial history, representing a key chapter in the Third Anglo-Maratha War which culminated in the establishment of unfettered British rule in Western, Eastern, and Southern India.
But it is also an important chapter in the history of opposition to caste violence and a reclamation of dignity from indigenous (understood here as originating within the subcontinent as oppose to “Adivasi”) forms of oppression.
It is rightly celebrated every year, to the increasing ire of upper-caste bigots and Hindu Fascists, as a victory for the Dalits of India, and stands as a reminder that nationalist narratives of the past tend to subsume microhistories of resistance and defiance in favour of a simplistic rhetoric.
But it has also been used as a scapegoat by the current Hindu Far-Right Union government, which arrested activists and scholars under a draconian security law in 2018 after claiming they were responsible for violence during that year’s commemoration. One of those arrested, Jesuit priest and campaigner Stan Swamy, was the oldest prisoner in Indian history, and was allowed to die by a callous state more interested in crushing resistance than cultivating pluralism.
It has subsequently emerged that the evidence used in all of the above trials was fabricated, and most likely planted on electronic devices belonging to Swamy and his compatriots, the latter of whom still are in jail. Just as those celebrating Bhima Koregaon demonstrate how colonialism continues to shape identity and dignity so too thus state reprisal demonstrate abuse of authority.
All four events are intrinsically tied to the quest for dignity and self-respect, torn from the hateful hands of imperialists, and inspired by dreams for a better more equitable world.
As we begin the new year, may they continue to inspire us to physically, intellectually, emotionally, and actively challenge those who wish to deny their importance, our agency, and our ability to not only envisage a better future, but work towards making it a reality. | <urn:uuid:a3ee89bb-5ff7-4880-8165-f8c47a2a7991> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://aditya-iyer.medium.com/history-reminds-us-that-the-first-day-of-the-year-is-a-moment-for-radical-change-a508e634564?responsesOpen=true&sortBy=REVERSE_CHRON&source=author_recirc-----2b3aaf88d189----3---------------------aa0e3b42_eb89_428a_9958_711e0ac4b331------- | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.952648 | 1,259 | 2.59375 | 3 |
There are many ways to bring literacy outside. Simply labeling and naming everything allows children to practice whole language. Have children make their own signs and tape them onto objects. One of my favorite things has been watching children journal outdoors and seeing what they view in the world versus what I view in the world. They tend to be more interested in the small spiders, squirrels and other creatures in the environment, where an adult tends to look more at the overall scenery.
Another way to provide literacy outdoors is using bookcases and art cases. A bookcase is simply anything that you create that is watertight and can be left outdoors so that children can access books or art supplies to do journaling or tell stories. The Adventurous Child actually has a bookcase/art case which is watertight and lockable with padlocks. Send me your ideas or comment on this blog with ideas of things that you could label outdoors, etc. | <urn:uuid:451b8ea9-d586-4304-8cfd-e1f7fbf99639> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://adventurouschild.com/can-literacy-be-taught-in-the-outdoor-classroom/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.949662 | 186 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Fishbourne Roman Palace & Gardens is the largest Roman home in Britain. It was constructed in AD75 and destroyed by fire in the late third century. After excavation began in 1960, it opened to the public in 1968. The site features the largest collection of mosaics in situ in the UK along with recreated Roman gardens, the earliest gardens found anywhere in the country. In addition, the stores contain half a million artefacts.
Rob Symmons is the Curator at the Palace and needed to replace the former temperature and relative humidity environmental monitoring system, which was coming to the end of its useful life. Monitoring is required to ensure the long-term conservation of sensitive exhibits and archives as well as for Museum Accreditation purposes.
Four Tinytag Ultra 2 TGU-4500 temp/RH data loggers are already successfully used as a cost-effective solution in the North Wing, a large building housing the mosaic floors. Data is downloaded every three months for analysis. In addition, a TGU-4500 is placed inside a sealed plastic box along with a silica gel bag – as used to house items in the ‘Sensitive’ Archive Store (primarily metalwork) – to replicate conditions inside the boxes.
For ambient monitoring in the Sensitive Store (which also houses the library) and the Bulk Store, and inside display cases in the Museum areas, an automatic data collection system was the preferred solution. In this way data from three individual large spaces could be sent directly to the Curator’s PC for immediate viewing, without having to download the loggers individually.
Gemini Data Loggers, located a few minutes away, proposed a combination of Plus Radio data loggers and Ethernet receivers as an effective, easy-to-use solution to meet the layout requirements of the three monitoring areas. A combination of four Ultra Radio TR-3500 temp/RH loggers, two Plus Radio ACSRF-4040 Ethernet Receivers, and three Ultra Radio TR-3505 loggers were supplied. The TR-3505 units have an accompanying temp/RH probe, which has been placed inside sealed display cases in the Museum. Data is analysed once a week. The aim is to gather a year’s worth of data to establish the pattern of environmental conditions over time. It is hoped that this data can also be used to tie in with seasonal patterns of any pest problems (mainly insects).
Recorded data in the Sensitive Store is used to determine if the dehumidifier needs to be used (it has been accurate enough to even show door openings). This is particularly important as some space is rented to another museum who need to verify conditions are correct for their own Accreditation purposes.
In the Bulk Store which houses more robust materials such as pottery and stone, recorded data can be used to adjust the ventilation controls, which allow warm or fresh air to be circulated as required. Results from the probed loggers in the museum cases, primarily containing sensitive metal items, have shown that conditions are reasonably stable, and also indicate how effectively the case is providing protection from the environment.
The Tinytag Connect Radio/LAN system is ideal for discreet monitoring in museums and galleries and can be configured to include both types of units to suit site layout and network infrastructure. Automatic data collection conveniently allows immediate access to the information required to assess if conditions need to be modified to ensure the well-being of collections and archives.
Browse our range of Tinytag Ethernet/LAN and Radio data loggers on the Gemini Data Loggers website. The Tinytag Connect environmental data logging system is the central management tool for Tinytag Radio and LAN loggers, offering remote data access and automatic data collection. | <urn:uuid:dddbd46c-22ab-448d-a465-ae17d538f19c> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://advisor.museumsandheritage.com/supplier-news/tinytag-radio-lan-and-stand-alone-temperature-and-relative-humidity-data-loggers-monitor-sensitive-exhibits-and-archives/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.937467 | 755 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Python is an interpreted high-level programming language for general-purpose programming.
Created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991, Python has a design philosophy that emphasizes code readability, and a syntax that allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code, notably using significant whitespace. It provides constructs that enable clear programming on both small and large scales. Read more about Python on Wikipedia.
Python is the language that is most often used and advised to use to develop Artificial Intelligence applications.
Documentation and resources can be found to use and learn the language on the official Python website.
If you already have programming experience, you can quickly learn the synthax and specificities of Python in this video.« Back to Glossary Index | <urn:uuid:2b36b4b4-4f94-4d42-99a5-6306b0880104> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://ailephant.com/glossary/python/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.915895 | 152 | 3.734375 | 4 |
The AIM spacecraft continues to perform well.
As of February 2017, the AIM orbit plane is nearly perpendicular to the Earth - sun vector. As a result the sun does not rise or set as viewed from the satellite, and SOFIE measurements are not possible. This will change by early October, 2017, when SOFIE will resume measurements. SOFIE science and housekeeping parameters all indicate a stable and healthy instrument. SOFIE V1.3 data are available online through February 2017.
Siskind et al. used SOFIE and MLS satellite data to categorized the inter-annual variability of winter and springtime upper stratospheric methane (CH4). They showed the effects of this variability on the chemistry of the upper stratosphere throughout the following summer. Years with strong wintertime mesospheric descent followed by dynamically quiet springs, such as 2009, lead to the lowest summertime CH4. Years with relatively weak wintertime descent, but strong springtime planetary wave activity, such as 2011, have the highest summertime CH4. By sampling Aura MLS to the SOFIE measurement locations, it was demonstrated that summertime upper stratospheric ClO almost perfectly anti-correlates with the CH4 (see Figure below, which is from Siskind et al., 2016). This is consistent with the reaction of atomic chlorine with CH4 to form the reservoir species, hydrochloric acid (HCl). The summertime ClO for years with strong uninterrupted mesospheric descent is about 50% greater than in years with strong horizontal transport and mixing of high CH4 air from lower latitudes. Small, but persistent effects on ozone are also seen such that between 1 and 2 hPa, ozone is about 4–5% higher in summer for the years with the highest CH4 relative to the lowest. This is consistent with the role of the chlorine catalytic cycle on ozone. These dependencies may offer a means to monitor dynamical effects on the high-latitude upper stratosphere using summertime ClO measurements as a proxy. Additionally, these chlorine-controlled ozone decreases, which are seen to maximize after years with strong uninterrupted wintertime descent, represent a new mechanism by which mesospheric descent can affect polar ozone. Finally, given that the effects on ozone appear to persist much of the rest of the year, the consideration of winter/spring dynamical variability may also be relevant in studies of ozone trends.
Siskind, D. E., G. E. Nedoluha, F. Sassi, P. Rong, S. M. Bailey, M. E. Hervig (2016), Persistence of upper stratospheric winter time tracer variability into the Arctic spring and summer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., doi:10.5194/acp-2015-1037. | <urn:uuid:6806b0d1-7f02-4643-8453-c4d41b6b6ab7> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://aim.hamptonu.edu/mission/status_archive/status_20170606.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.906275 | 580 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Sedona is a city in Arizona's northern Verde Valley region, straddling the county line between Coconino and Yavapai counties. Its population was 10,031, according to the 2010 census. The Coconino National Forest contains it. Sedona's main draw is its collection of red sandstone formations. When the formations are illuminated by the rising or setting sun, they appear to glow brilliant orange and red. The red rocks are a popular backdrop for various activities, including spiritual pursuits and hundreds of hiking and mountain biking trails. Sedona also has a nationally recognized McDonald's with turquoise arches rather than the traditional Golden Arches.
Flora And Geology
Sedona was named after Arabella Miller Schnebly of Sedona, Arizona (1877-1950), the wife of the city's first postmaster, Theodore Carlton Schnebly. She was praised for her hospitality and hard work. Amanda Miller, her mother, claimed she made up the name because "it sounded pretty."
The Schnebly Hill Formation, which forms Sedona's red rocks, is a distinct layer of rock. The Schnebly Hill Formation is a dense layer of red to orange sandstone found only in Sedona. The sandstone, part of the Supai Group, was formed during the Permian Period. Sedona is in northern Arizona's interior chaparral, semi-desert grassland, and Great Basin conifer woodland biomes. Winters in Sedona are mild, and summers are warm.
The interior chaparral of Sedona contains many Quercus turbinella and Rhus ovata shrubs and small tree species, as well as a large population of Quercus Palmeri. The Great Basin woodland has many small to medium Pinus monophylla Var. fallax, Juniperus arizonica, Juniperus deppeana, Juniperus osteosperma, and Juniperus monophylla trees, as well as a large population of Cupressus glabra. Juniperus virginiana, Pinus edulis, and other pines grow at higher elevations in Oak Creek Canyon.
Northern Arizona is littered with ancient relics, from millennia-old dwellings to petroglyphs, but it isn't easy to interpret them meaningfully without some assistance. On this tour, depart from Sedona in a Jeep for a 1.5-mile (2.4-kilometer) hike through an uncrowded area dotted with archaeological remains, learning about the lives of earlier inhabitants as you go.
Travel back in time to explore Native American ruins such as pit houses and petroglyphs, following in the footsteps of ancient tribes. This is a 'hiking' tour with a ‘moderate' difficulty rating.
Explore and experience these natural wonders, and the Arizona shuttle is available to help you along the way. We offer simple booking as well as door-to-door service. We provide professional chauffeurs as well as uniformed drivers and clean vehicles. Their mission is to create lifetime customer loyalty by exceeding their service expectations. We offer shuttle and sedan service for any occasion. We guarantee safe rides because we conduct background checks and provide door-to-door service, which eliminates the need to wait at bus stops and saves money on taxi fares. So reserve your ride with us. | <urn:uuid:e2e504b7-dfb2-4922-bcc3-447cf44a7fd4> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://airportshuttleofphoenix.com/blog/sedona-archaeology-hiking-tour | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.948844 | 689 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Exercise and Pharmacologic Nuclear Stress Testing
A nuclear stress test uses a small amount of radioactive material (tracer) and an imaging machine to create pictures showing the blood flow to your heart. The test measures blood flow while you are at rest and during activity, showing areas with poor blood flow or damage in your heart.
A nuclear stress test is one of several types of stress tests. The radiotracer used during a nuclear stress test helps your doctor determine your risk of a heart attack or other cardiac event if you have coronary artery disease. A nuclear stress test may be done after a regular exercise stress test to get more information about your heart, or it may be the first stress test used.
The test is done using a positron emission technology (PET) scanner or single photo emission computed tomography (SPECT) scanner. A nuclear stress test may also be called a myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) study, cardiac PET study or cardiac SPECTstudy.
You may need a nuclear stress test if you have signs or symptoms of heart disease such as chest pain or shortness of breath. A nuclear stress test may also be used to guide your treatment if you’ve been diagnosed with a heart condition. Your doctor may recommend a nuclear stress test to:
Diagnose coronary artery disease. Your coronary arteries are the major blood vessels that supply your heart with blood, oxygen and nutrients. Coronary artery disease develops when these arteries become damaged or diseased — usually due to a buildup of deposits containing cholesterol and other substances (plaques).
If you have symptoms such as chest pain or shortness of breath, a nuclear stress test can help determine if you have coronary artery disease and how severe the condition is.
- Determine a treatment plan. If you have coronary artery disease, a nuclear stress test can tell your doctor how well treatment is working. The test also helps your doctor develop the right treatment for you by determining how much exercise your heart can handle.
A nuclear stress test is generally safe. Complications are rare. As with any medical procedure, there is a risk of complications, which may include:
- Abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias). Arrhythmias that occur during a stress test usually go away shortly after you stop exercising or the medication wears off. Life-threatening arrhythmias are rare.
- Heart attack. Although extremely rare, it’s possible that a nuclear stress test could cause a heart attack.
- Low blood pressure. Blood pressure may drop during or immediately after exercise, possibly causing you to feel dizzy or faint. The problem should go away after you stop exercising.
- Dizziness or chest pain. These symptoms can occur during a nuclear stress test. Some people also have nausea, shakiness, headache, flushing, shortness of breath and anxiety during the stress test. These signs and symptoms are usually mild and brief, but tell your doctor if they occur.
Your doctor will give you specific instructions on how to prepare for your nuclear stress test.
Food and medications
You may be asked not to eat, drink or smoke for a period of time before a nuclear stress test. You may need to avoid caffeine the day before and the day of the test.
Ask your doctor if it’s safe for you to continue taking all of your prescription and over-the-counter medications before the test, because they might interfere with certain stress tests.
If you use an inhaler for asthma or other breathing problems, bring it to the test. Make sure your doctor and the health care team member monitoring your stress test know that you use an inhaler.
Clothing and personal items
Wear or bring comfortable clothes and walking shoes. Don’t apply oil, lotion or cream to your skin on the day of your nuclear stress test.
A nuclear stress test involves injecting a radioactive tracer, then taking two sets of images of your heart — one while you’re at rest and another after exercise.
A nuclear stress test is done along with an exercise stress test, in which you walk on a treadmill. If you aren’t able to exercise, you’ll receive a drug through an IV that mimics exercise by increasing blood flow to your heart.
A nuclear stress test can take two or more hours, depending on the radioactive tracer and imaging tests used.
Before a nuclear stress test
Your doctor will ask you some questions about your medical history and how often and actively you exercise. This helps determine the amount of exercise that’s best for you during the test. Your doctor will also listen to your heart and lungs for any problems that might affect your test results.
During a nuclear stress test
Before you start the test, a nurse or technician inserts an IV line into your arm and injects the radiotracer (also called a radiopharmaceutical).
The radiotracer may feel cold when it’s first injected into your arm. It takes a few minutes for your heart cells to absorb the radiotracer. Once it does, you’ll lie still on a table and have your first set of images taken while your heart is at rest.
Then, a nurse or technician will place sticky patches (electrodes) on your chest, legs and arms. Some areas may need to be shaved to help them stick. The electrodes have wires connected to an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) machine, which records the electrical signals that trigger your heartbeats. A cuff on your arm checks your blood pressure during the test. You may be asked to breathe into a tube during the test to show how well you’re able to breathe during exercise.
If you can’t exercise, your doctor will inject a medication into your IV line that increases blood flow to your heart. Possible side effects may be similar to those caused by exercise, such as flushing or shortness of breath. You might get a headache.
If your nuclear test is combined with a traditional exercise stress test, you’ll be asked to walk on a treadmill or ride a stationary bike. You’ll start slowly. The exercise gets more difficult as the test continues. You can use the railing on the treadmill for balance. Don’t hang on tightly, as this may alter the results.
You’ll continue exercising until your heart rate has reached a set target or you develop symptoms that don’t allow you to continue, which may include:
- Moderate to severe chest pain
- Severe shortness of breath
- Abnormally high or low blood pressure
- An abnormal heart rhythm
- Certain changes in your ECG
You and your doctor will discuss your safe limits for exercise. You can stop the test anytime you’re too uncomfortable to continue.
You’ll have another injection of radiotracer when your heart rate peaks after exercising. Then, you’ll lie still on a table and have the second set of images taken. The radiotracer shows up on the images and highlights any areas of your heart that don’t get enough blood flow.
Your doctor will compare the two sets of images taken to see how blood flows through your heart while you’re at rest and under physical stress.
After a nuclear stress test
After you stop exercising, you might be asked to stand still for several seconds and then lie down for a short while with the monitors in place. Your doctor can watch for any problems as your heart rate and breathing return to normal.
When the test is complete, you may return to normal activities unless your doctor tells you otherwise. The radioactive tracer will naturally leave your body in your urine or stool. Drink plenty of water to help flush the tracer out of your system.
Your doctor will discuss your nuclear stress test results with you. Your results could show:
- Normal blood flow during exercise and rest. You may not need further tests.
- Normal blood flow during rest, but not during exercise. Part of your heart isn’t receiving enough blood when you’re exerting yourself. This might mean that you have one or more blocked arteries (coronary artery disease).
- Low blood flow during rest and exercise. Part of your heart isn’t getting enough blood at all times, which could be due to severe coronary artery disease or a previous heart attack.
- Lack of blood flow in parts of your heart. Areas of your heart that don’t show the radioactive tracer have damage from a heart attack.
If you don’t have enough blood flow through your heart, you may need to have coronary angiography. This test looks directly at the blood vessels supplying your heart. If you have severe blockages, you may need an angioplasty and stent placement or open-heart surgery (coronary artery bypass). | <urn:uuid:29d0d843-4fc5-49c4-ba2b-481d9c34abe3> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://americanheartcenterpc.com/services/diagnostic-testing/exercise-and-pharmacologic-nuclear-stress-testing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.9216 | 1,837 | 3.53125 | 4 |
The blade alveolar /s,z/ are not assimilated by a following dental consonant. In sequences like this thing, kiss them, his theory, his thumbs, the tip of the tongue, which is not actively involved in the articulation of /s,z/, is raised to touch the inside of the upper front teeth for /θ,ð/, while at the same time the blade-alveolar contact is released. Sequences like /ʃθ/, /nð/ and /d͡ʒð/ as in smash things, own them and change them are articulated in a similar fashion.
Lenis /ð/, however, is itself frequently assimilated by a preceding or following /z/, as in who’s that /huːzzæt/, is there /ɪzzɛr/, and final /θ/ by a following /s/, as in both sides /boʊssaɪdz/, faiths /feɪs/, at least in informal styles.
There is no /ð/ in clothes /kloʊz/; months and tenths are /mʌnts, tɛnts/.
To practice the transition of /s,z,ʃ,ʒ/ to /θ,ð/ start with /s/-sequences. Pronounce a long [ssss]; then lift the tip of the tongue until you can feel the inner edge of the upper front teeth, and slowly lower the blade (and front) of the tongue from the alveolar ridge and/or hard palate. The idea is that you learn to turn a blade-alveolar or palato-alveolar contact into a dental contact without moving the body of the tongue, and avoid pronouncing the sequence by making two separate articulatory gestures.
Since dental fricatives do not occur in many languages other than English and most non-native speakers find them difficult to learn, these sounds frequently become a source of considerable anxiety for the learner of English. More advanced learners of English often exhibit signs of th-phobia in the form of an extremely selfconscious and unnecessarily precise articulation of these sounds. A fairly common but deplorable practice is to insert a pause before and after initial and final /θ/ or /ð/, a tendency which may even be observed in the pronunciation of some non- native teachers of English. Remember that pronunciations like Fourth … Street or nineteenth … century are extremely unnatural and can be very irritating if they are at all frequent. So in /sθ/- or /θs/-sequences, always concentrate on the /s/: while pronunciations like nineteen(s) century would probably pass unnoticed in anything but the more formal end of the style range, pronunciations like nineteenth thentury or nineteenth … century are always inadequate. | <urn:uuid:bf37b790-7fc9-4207-bca4-bcc67659b5b0> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://americanphonetics.ruhosting.nl/course/11-fricatives-and-affricates/11-2-7%CE%B8d-and-other-fricatives/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.93793 | 595 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Simple YSO model – sYSOm
Model of the continuum emission from a young stellar object (YSO) composed by a central star, modeled as a blackbody, and a dusty circumstellar disk. The disk is assumed to be geometrically flat with radial-dependent temperature and surface density prescribed by power laws. The local intensity of the disk, seen at a given inclination, is then given by a blackbody emission at the local temperature weighted by an factor that depends on the local surface density and a chosen dust-opacity model. In addition to images at different wavelengths, sYSOm can also provide the total spectral flux (spectral energy distributions). sYSOm is well suited to model simple YSO objects in the near- and mid-infrared. The specific intensity maps in the fits files have units of "J / (m2 s sr m)". A grid of models can be generated if required (check info in "Grid parameters").Sample output file (.fits)
The sYSOm model was created by A. Domiciano de Souza and A. Matter, based on the work of E. Kokoulina, A. Matter, and collaborators.
It is described in the following articles:
First MATISSE L-band observations of HD 179218. Is the inner 10 au region rich in carbon dust particles?
E. Kokoulina, A. Matter, B. Lopez, et al.
A&A 652, 61 (2021)
DOI | ads
Evidence of a discontinuous disk structure around the Herbig Ae star HD 139614
A. Matter; L. Labadie, A. Kreplin, et al.
A&A 561, 26 (2014)
DOI | ads | <urn:uuid:c48237e7-9d13-44ba-971e-0caef27f2a9b> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://amhra.oca.eu/AMHRA/sysom/input.htm;jsessionid=5308B3CA9953CDA73325FD79B05D62EF | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.866531 | 370 | 2.640625 | 3 |
We recently caught up with Denise Ekeroth, an AmHydro grower located in San Diego county. Denise runs farming classes geared towards children, and she shared a bit about her project with us.
“I’ve always had an interest in casual gardening and eating healthy so starting a backyard hydroponics system was another step in the adventure. Perhaps what made it unique was adding young students into the mix.
I started holding hydroponic growing classes for homeschool co-op students and kids in after-school groups nearly three years ago and it has been so great to see the kids get excited to come to class each week. Kids elementary age up to high school come weekly for hands-on learning in the greenhouse.
Each week students get to learn about each step of the growing process and get to be involved in seeding, transplanting and harvesting a variety of leafy greens, herbs, and even flowers.”
“Since we are located in San Diego, an area prone to water shortages, students learn that saving water is very important and how using hydroponic technology allows us to grow more efficiently and save water at the same time. Parents often join in on the fun and get to participate in the class alongside their kids.
A few of the kids that have taken the class have entered a hydroponic exhibit in the local county fair and have been awarded “Best of Show” each year they enter! The produce that the students harvest is either goes home with the students so they can share it with their families, used for fundraising and community outreach, or goes to the local Salvation Army meal program.
While the program has had to undergo a few changes due to the changes in the school system as a result of COVID-19, the growing has continued. We are looking at ways to modify the program so the students can continue coming to learn about hydroponics and getting hands on experience in the greenhouse!” | <urn:uuid:fa1d1bbc-2338-4837-a743-972506430b88> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://amhydro.com/growers-highlight-living-roots-san-diego-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.976986 | 400 | 2.765625 | 3 |
A multimeter (digital or analog) is the most basic and important measurement instrument used in any lab and workshop. It is used to measure different electrical properties of other industrial tools and wiring. Here we are going to give an overview of its types, and what all it can measure.
It is of 2 types: Analog and Digital Multimeter. We have listed the differences between these 2 in a comparison table in this article.
What is a Multimeter?
According to Wikipedia,” A multimeter or a multitester, also known as a VOM or a Volt Ohm Meter, is an electronic measuring instrument that combines several measurement functions in one unit.”
Now let’s understand it with a broad and easy definition.
A Multimeter is an easy to handle tool used as a tester to measure electricity, Ac & Dc voltage, current, resistance, and other electrical parameters typically over several ranges of values. It is also known as Volt-ohm-meter because of its voltage and current measuring property.
Today multimeters with a lot of functions are available in the market depending upon the requirement of the people. It is mostly used by peoples dealing in electricity, auto, laboratories, and other power sources and circuit required industries.
For selecting different electrical parameters for measurement most of the multimeters have a rotary switch or a dial on its front panel. We have covered this in our detailed guide on using a digital multimeter.
Types of Multimeter
There are 2 types of Multimeter; Analog and Digital. You can use any one of them for measurement as per your comfort level and requirements.
Earlier Analog Multimeter was used but now digital multimeter is used widely as it is easy to handle. Basic description and comparison of these 2 are given below:
(i) Analog Multimeter
(ii) Digital Multimeter
A Digital Multimeter is the most usable test equipment in the electronic and electrical industries. It uses a liquid crystal display screen and a frequency selector switch that gives a straight forward output in a decimal form.
To provide better accuracy, the digital multimeter obtains several samples of the signal during a short period of time and it also offers automatic ranging features so that the user does not have to select the measurement manually.
Nowadays we prefer Digital multimeter more than Analog multimeter because of its accuracy, faster response, LCD display screen, etc.
Difference between Analog and Digital Multimeter
Most of the time we are confused about which one to buy out of these two. So here we provide its comparison table below to clear your confusion. It will help you in selecting a good one for your work.
|Analog Multimeter||Digital Multimeter|
|It is less costly due to simple construction and no power supply required||It is far more costly due to complicated construction and requires some power supply|
|The range is adjusted by the user manually||As these are digital in nature, Range is adjusted automatically|
|Visual indication of changes in the reading is not good due to the effect of damping torque||Visual indication of changes in the reading is excellent|
|Analog Multimers have Low Accuracy due to the magnetic effect in the coil being degraded after usage||Digital Multimeters are highly accurate than analog multimeters|
|Uses scale and pointer system to display the output||It gives output in the numerical form displayed on the LCD|
|These are calibrated manually||These are calibrated automatically before every measurement|
|The range of measurement is good||The range of measurement is excellent|
|It is not easy to handle||It is easy to handle i.e. can be used even by an untrained person|
Functions and Use of a Multimeter
As we have been saying again and again and also, the definition also tells us that a multimeter can measure many electrical properties. But the question is what all can we measure? So we are writing all of them below. Once you get these points, you can choose which one to buy from our curated and tested list of best multimeters companies.
Well, many electrical properties can be measured. Advance multimeters from companies like Fluke come with additional features that make them “all in one” type. If you want to know how can you measure all these, you can go through our description article on measuring electrical properties using a multimeter.
- Voltages (Ac & Dc )
- Current (Ac & Dc ),
- Diode check
Note: During the continuity check, it results in a “beep sound” when two circuits are electrically connected. The beep sound ensures that the circuit is connected correctly without any loose connections and prevent short circuits. During the Diode check, it ensures the direction of the flow of current in the circuit.
Basic Electrical Terms
Before doing any measurement, it is recommended to have some knowledge of basic terms. We are explaining some of the terms below, have a look over them.
(i) Voltage: According to Ohm’s law voltage is defined as the product of current and resistance. It tells us how much electricity is sent through the circuit. The higher the voltage higher the electricity was sent. Its unit is Volts and is expressed as V.
(ii) Resistance: It basically obstructs the path of flow of the current. More resistance will results in lesser current flow through the circuit. Its unit is ohms and is expressed as Ω.
(iii) Current: It indicates how much electricity flows inside the circuit. It is dependent on the resistance value because both are inversely proportional to each other. Its unit is Ampere and is expressed as A.
(iv) Alternating current voltage: This type of electricity generally flows in residential areas or in our houses. Its frequency is 50 Hz. If you need to measure alternating current in a circuit, different multimeters have different symbols to measure it. Most used symbols are “ACA” and “ACV,” or “A” and “V” with a squiggly line (~) next to or above them.
(v) Direct current voltage: This type of electricity generally flows in auto and household batteries like AA or AAA batteries. Its frequency is 0 Hz. Different multimeters have different symbols for measuring direct current. “DCA” and “DCV,” or “A” and “V” with a straight bar above or next to them are generally used.
(vi) Capacitance: It is a passive device used to store an electric charge. Its unit is Farad and expressed as F.
What Precautions you should take operating a multimeter?
(ii) Check Battery Regularly: Batteries are the main part of any electronic equipment because without this you cannot provide power to the device.
(iii) After use always return the meter to high voltage setting: To prevent the possibility of accidental damage by the meter being set to a current or low voltage range, it is always recommended to set the meter to high voltage after use even if there is an off button. | <urn:uuid:4569fab2-1f5a-4676-8500-6531ccb71304> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://analyseameter.com/2015/08/digital-analog-multimeters-guide.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.927905 | 1,474 | 3.375 | 3 |
Why make your own boxes?
Sometimes, you won't be able to find the exact size of the box you need for an object or set of objects.
The acid-free boxes available commercially will be either too big or too small for your shelves or for your objects and getting bespoke sizes can be a bit pricier.
In these cases, it's best to just make an archival box yourself. It's not difficult! Below, I give you some basic instructions to make your own boxes.
- Archival board / acid-free board
- Box cutter
- Ruler (ideally metallic) and right angle ruler
- Protected surface
- Pencil and eraser
- Linen tape
- Brass pins
- Awl or something to make small holes
Know the measurements you need. Make sure you know the size of your object in all 3 dimensions: Length, width and height. Make sure you add a few inches in every direction so that the box is not a tight fit and allows you to put in other packing material to cushion your object (polyethylene foam or acid-free tissue paper). Make sure your corners are 90° or your box will not come out straight.
Draw the basics of your lid. You basically need 2 squares (or rectangles), one inside the other, with the lines going all the way to the edges to denote where the flaps will bend.
Lid drawing. Make sure the corner squares/rectangles formed by your drawing all have the same length or they will not fold accurately.
Cut only one side of each of the corners that will make up the flaps. Make sure you don't accidentally leave a side without its corresponding flap.
Lid drawing with cut edges
Repeat the steps to make the base of your box. Remember that the size of the outer square will determine the height of your box. Make sure you make the inside square 5mm smaller on each side to ensure a tight fit with your lid.
Base drawing. Note the thicker outside square for box height.
Base drawing with cut edges. Again, make sure each side has its flap.
Abuse all the folding lines a bit by passing over them with a blunt point. Then, fold up the flaps and use an awl to make small holes that will hold the lid and base together. Make sure the holes align. Insert brass pins.
Lid with brass pins.
Purposefully place your pins on different side corners in the lid and box to avoid double thickness of brass pins when attempting to close the box.
Base with brass pins. Note that they do not align with the location of the pins on the lid.
Reinforce the lid and base edges with linen tape.
Outside of the lid reinforced with linen tape. Note again, in comparison with the base below, that the pins are located in different corners so they will not line up when the box is closed.
Outside of the base reinforced with linen tape. Note that some tape is also holding down the edges of the brass pins.
Habemus bespoke box!
Finished closed box.
If you liked this post, you can follow me on Twitter where I'll be posting more content on how to improve your collections at home. | <urn:uuid:b12e7398-0e2e-4b50-8d9a-c7e2b7cfd63e> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://angelicaisa.com/blog/boxmaking | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.917504 | 671 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Carbon steel and stainless steel are both metals and can be seen in many different production processes. The primary differences lie in the components that are added to the steel for different uses. Read on to learn more.
Steel is made from both carbon and iron. Depending on the grade the carbon total can vary between 0.2% and 2.1% by weight. Although carbon is primarily used, other materials used for the same effect include magnanese, chromium and tungsten. These different materials determine the tensile strength and durability of steel. With carbon steel, carbon is the main elemental alloy and is defined by the amount of carbon it contains. Stainless steel has a higher content of chromium to give an invisible layer preventing corrosion as well as staining. With a higher carbon content, carbon steel, gives it a lower melting point as well as greater durability and malleability as well as better heat distribution qualities.
Carbon And Stainless Steel
Stainless steel has a lustre and is available in many grades increasing the amount of chromium in the alloy until the steel is as reflective as a mirror. Even a lay man can see the difference as carbon steel is dull and has a plain finish, similar to wrought iron fencing or a pot made from cast iron.
Stainless steel has a chromium oxide layer and carbon stel does not. However, carbon steel can corode as opposed to stainless steel that offers protection from corrosion. This makes it preferable for many applications in the house as well as decorative applications in the construction industry. Carbon steel often the choice in manufacturing and prodution as well as projects where the steel is primarily hiden from view. Stainless steel also has a lower level of thermal conductivity than that of carbon steel. | <urn:uuid:c70a1598-01cf-4232-a30b-2a9eac20b09a> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://artisticalloys.com/2020/01/16/carbon-steel-versus-stainless-steel/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.964104 | 356 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Alaska Volcano Observatory
Aniakchak reported activity
EVENT SPECIFIC INFORMATION
Event Name : Aniakchak Precaldera Rhyodacite
|Start: 14000 || Years BP Tephrochronology || |
|Stop: 3430 || Years BP Tephrochronology || |
|Lava flow: ||
|Eruption Product: || other ||
From Bacon and others (2014): "Two lava flows and several pyroclastic deposits are younger than the last major glacial advance but preceded the Aniakchak II caldera-forming eruption."
"A second precaldera silicic lava flow or dome is exposed in the cliff at the caldera rim north of The Gates (figs. 5Band 8A [in original text]; also included in unit Qbn in map figures). The rhyodacite composition of the lava is more differentiated than that of the northeast flank lava but is virtually identical to that of the overlying lower Black Nose Pumice, which suggests that the lava represents an early phase of the Black Nose Pumice eruption sequence. The lava appears to overlie Aniakchak I deposits."
Page modified: March 30, 2017 14:36
Contact Information: AVO Web Team
This website is supported by the U.S. Geological Survey under Cooperative Agreement Grant G22AC00137
Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute their endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. | <urn:uuid:dd1dc062-f138-447c-ae80-7db73604b75c> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/activity.php?volcname=Aniakchak&eruptionid=1731&page=basic | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.863858 | 310 | 2.53125 | 3 |
If your child doesn’t want to practice or you want to know how to get your kid started in music, there’s one thing you can do. This one thing is so simple but unknown to most people. And it’s a secret that a huge number of music teachers don’t know about either.
I’ve done a ton of research on how to raise musical kids, and I’ve worked with hundreds of parents and music teachers as well. You see, when kids don’t want to practice, it doesn’t mean they lack innate talent for music or that they are not meant to play an instrument. Usually, what has happened is that too much emphasis is placed on practice. Yes, kids need to practice in order to get better at their instrument. But music is a language and languages are never learned in isolation. We learn to speak in communities. That’s how our kids learn to speak their mother tongue. They hear it all around them. Hours and hours of it and for many months and years before uttering their first word. Likewise, kids must hear music all around them. They must be soaking in music day and night. So here’s the secret: bathe your child in music.
Often, our kids spend 30-60 minutes in a music lesson and then come home to practice alone. If they were learning Italian and only spent 30-60 minutes a week with their Italian teacher, would we expect them to practice Italian all by themselves? I hardly think so. We know that they must listen to others speak Italian and be engaged with Italian speakers throughout the week in order to learn that language. But what often ends up happening when kids learn music is that they are suddenly expected to make music alone or have so little musical input that they hardly know how the music they are playing is supposed to sound.
Remember this secret: Surround your child with music. Lots of it. Hours and hours of it. Every day. Eventually, you will see a huge difference. I promise. If you do this, your child will want to make music.
Here’s a simple way to think about it:
The more your child hears music, sees people making music, and is making music with other people, the easier it will be to get them to practice. In fact, kids who are saturated with music often don’t even think that practice is hard and instead run happily to their instruments.
If you’re trying to figure out how to get your kid started with music, begin with a daily musical bath. Play music around the house, sing to your child, have dance parties, and watch videos of musicians.
I work with parents on how to bathe their children in music and how to support music practice, and this process can be quite fun. In fact, a lot of parents talk about how much more connected they feel with their kids after taking my class “How to Raise a Musical Child.” We are, after all, looking for deeper connections with our children. The love we feel for them makes us do all that we can, and one of the best things we can do is give them the gift of music. Start today and watch the magic unfold. 🎶 | <urn:uuid:9e3974f6-82fc-4049-b55d-f3c86a1ec4b9> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://barbiewong.com/the-secret-to-raising-musical-kids/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.97895 | 673 | 2.734375 | 3 |
What is ABA therapy? Learn more about Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA).
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is a research based system of instruction. It uses the principles of reinforcement, prompting, shaping and fading to facilitate learning and behavioral change. The goal of an ABA program is to develop a person’s skill set and abilities in a manner that is data driven, but also fun for the individual.
ABA programs are tailored to the unique abilities and interest of the individual. Each person receiving ABA therapy will have a treatment plan that is individualized to best fit their needs. Interventions will be designed using assessment tools and progress will be monitored through the interpretation of the data, as well as routine ongoing assessments.
The success of any ABA program is a cooperative effort. Program design and monitoring should be conducted by a Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA), while also involving the participation of the family and loved ones that surround an individual.
Behavioral Foundations offers ABA services to the areas of Knoxville, Farragut, Maryville, Oak Ridge, Crossville, Lenoir City, Loudon, and Kingston. | <urn:uuid:a684d658-c467-44f4-9440-26a018555109> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://behavioralfoundations.com/aba-therapy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.940063 | 237 | 3.15625 | 3 |
The 19th century organ screen of carved oak at the entrance to the chancel was designed by Sir Gilbert Scott and was carved by James Edward Elwell of Beverley. He became the Mayor of Beverley in 1901.
A memorial carved in oak is found on the pillar to the right of the north choir aisle and contains the words:
“He carved and erected the adjoining choir screen and became known for the excellence of his woodcarving in numerous churches throughout the kingdom and overseas.”
The screen has a parapet containing six figures and is supported by four columns each with four niches. There are 22 carvings of figures in all who are associated with the Minster or with music. | <urn:uuid:25ca87ed-fa79-47c9-a265-d46c914b058f> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://beverleyminster.org.uk/visit-us-2/organ-screen-carvings/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.986294 | 144 | 2.796875 | 3 |
What is FTP?
FTP, or File Transfer Protocol, is a standard protocol used for transferring files over the internet. It is a client-server protocol, which means that it requires two parties to communicate with each other: a client that initiates the transfer, and a server that receives the transfer.
FTP has been around since the early days of the internet and is still widely used today for various purposes, such as uploading website content, transferring large files between computers, and sharing files with others.
The FTP protocol works by establishing a connection between the client and the server, and then allowing the client to browse and transfer files from the server's file system. The client can use various commands to navigate the server's directory structure, download files from the server, upload files to the server, delete files on the server, and more.
One of the key advantages of FTP is its cross-platform compatibility. FTP clients and servers are available for virtually all operating systems, including Windows, Mac OS, Linux, and Unix. This makes it easy for users to transfer files between different types of computers and devices.
FTP also provides various security options, such as user authentication, encryption, and secure FTP (SFTP). These features ensure that only authorized users can access files on the server and that data is transmitted securely over the internet.
While FTP is still widely used, it is slowly being replaced by newer file transfer protocols such as SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP), which provides more advanced security features and improved performance. However, FTP remains a popular choice for many users due to its simplicity, ease of use, and wide availability.
What are FTP Servers and FTP Clients?
An FTP (File Transfer Protocol) server and an FTP client are two different software applications that work together to facilitate file transfers between two computers over the internet.
An FTP server is a software application that runs on a server computer and enables users to transfer files to and from the server. It accepts FTP connections from FTP client applications, allowing clients to browse, upload, and download files from the server's file system. An FTP server requires user authentication to access the files on the server and can be configured to provide various security features, such as encryption and secure FTP (SFTP).
FTP servers can be configured to operate in different modes, including anonymous access, which allows anyone to connect to the server without a password, or with restricted access that requires a valid username and password to connect. Additionally, FTP servers can be secured using various encryption technologies, such as SSL or TLS, to protect the data in transit.
An FTP client, on the other hand, is a software application that runs on a user's computer and is used to connect to an FTP server to transfer files. It provides a graphical interface that allows users to browse the server's directory structure, upload files from their computer to the server, and download files from the server to their computer.
An FTP client requires the server's hostname, username, and password to connect to the server and can also be configured to use various security features.
Together, an FTP server and an FTP client provide a powerful tool for transferring files over the internet. They are widely used in various industries and applications, such as uploading website content, sharing files with others, backing up data, and transferring large files between computers. While there are newer file transfer protocols available, FTP remains a popular choice for its simplicity, ease of use, and cross-platform compatibility.
Important Information for setting up FTP Server?
To set up an FTP server on your friend's PC, they need to install FTP server software on their computer. There are several FTP server software options available, including FileZilla Server, Cerberus FTP Server, and vsftpd.
Here's a brief overview of the steps your friend can take to set up an FTP server:
Install FTP server software: Your friend should download and install an FTP server software of their choice on their PC. This software will allow their computer to act as an FTP server.
Configure FTP server settings: After installation, your friend will need to configure the FTP server settings, such as the server port number, authentication settings, and directory structure. They can also set up user accounts with specific permissions to access files and folders on the server.
Open FTP server port on the router: If your friend's PC is behind a router or firewall, they will need to configure the router to allow incoming traffic on the FTP server port. This is typically port 21 for standard FTP connections or port 22 for FTP over SSH connections.
Test FTP server connection: Once the FTP server is set up and configured, your friend can test the FTP server connection by connecting to it using an FTP client software on their own computer. They can also share the FTP server address, username, and password with you so that you can connect to the server and upload or download files.
It's important to note that setting up an FTP server can be complex and may require some technical knowledge. Your friend may need to consult online tutorials or documentation for their specific FTP server software to ensure a successful setup. Additionally, it's recommended to secure the FTP server with encryption, such as SSL or TLS, to protect the data in transit.
How to set up an FTP server in Windows for transferring files?
Here are the step-by-step instructions on how to set up an FTP server in Windows 10:
That's it! You should now be able to transfer files to and from your Windows 10 FTP server.
How to transfer files using FTP on Windows?
Method-1: By using File Explorer
Here are the step-by-step instructions on how to transfer files using FTP in Windows 10:
That's it! You should now be able to transfer files using FTP in Windows 10.
Method-2: By Using Windows Explorer
To transfer files using FTP from Windows Explorer, you can follow these steps:
That's it! You should now be able to transfer files using FTP in Windows 10.
Method-3: By using Command Prompt
To transfer files using FTP from the command prompt, you can follow these steps:
cdcommand to navigate to the directory on your local computer where the files are stored that you want to transfer.
lcdcommand to change to the directory on your local computer where the files are stored that you want to transfer. For example,
binarycommand to set the file transfer mode to binary mode, which is necessary for transferring non-text files such as images or programs.
putcommand to transfer a file from your local computer to the FTP server. For example,
getcommand to download a file from the FTP server to your local computer. For example,
quitcommand to close the FTP connection.
This would transfer the file "file.txt" from the "C:\Documents" directory on your local computer to the "public_html" directory on the FTP server at "ftp.example.com".
ftp ftp.example.com username: myusername password: mypassword ftp> cd public_html ftp> lcd C:\Documents ftp> binary ftp> put file.txt ftp> get test.pdf ftp> quit
Here's an example of how you might use these commands to transfer a file:
How to transfer files on FTP by using the FileZilla software application in windows?
Setting up FileZilla Server:
Setting up FileZilla Client:
That's it! You should now be able to transfer files on FTP by using FileZilla Server and FileZilla Client software in Windows.
How to set up an FTP Server in Ubuntu for transferring files?
sudo apt update
sudo apt install vsftpd
// Before editing the vsftpd.conf file copy the file in a different file and then modify it. sudo cp /etc/vsftpd.conf /etc/vsftpd_original.conf // Then type the following command to modify. sudo nano /etc/vsftpd.conf
Change configuration settings: In the configuration file, you may change the settings according to your requirements. Here are a few essential settings that need to be changed:
//Uncomment the following lines to allow local users to log in and upload files: local_enable=YES write_enable=YES //Uncomment the following line to allow anonymous users to download files: anonymous_enable=YES //Set the following line to NO to disable anonymous FTP: anonymous_enable=NO //Set the following line to YES to enable passive mode: pasv_enable=YES //Set the following line to the range of passive ports you wish to use: pasv_min_port=40000 pasv_max_port=50000
Save and close the configuration file: After making the necessary changes, save and close the configuration file by pressing
Ctrl + X, then
Y, and finally
// Run the following command to check UFW status: sudo ufw status // If the following output comes, means UFW is not installed. ufw: command not found // Then install UFW by running the following commands: sudo apt-get install ufw sudo ufw enable // To allow the FTP traffic run the following commands one by one. sudo ufw allow OpenSSH sudo ufw allow 20/tcp sudo ufw allow 21/tcp sudo ufw allow 990/tcp sudo ufw allow 40000:50000/tcp // After completed again run the following command to check the Firewall status. sudo ufw status // You will see the following message, then FTP traffic is allowed now. Status: active To Action From -- ------ ---- OpenSSH ALLOW Anywhere 990/tcp ALLOW Anywhere 20/tcp ALLOW Anywhere 21/tcp ALLOW Anywhere 40000:50000/tcp ALLOW Anywhere OpenSSH (v6) ALLOW Anywhere (v6) 20/tcp (v6) ALLOW Anywhere (v6) 21/tcp (v6) ALLOW Anywhere (v6) 990/tcp (v6) ALLOW Anywhere (v6) 40000:50000/tcp (v6) ALLOW Anywhere (v6)
Restart vsftpd: In the terminal window, restart vsftpd to apply the changes by entering the following command:
sudo systemctl restart vsftpd
sudo adduser ftpuser
Set a password for the new user account: When prompted, set a password for the new user account.
Create a directory for FTP files: Create a directory where FTP files will be stored. In the terminal window, enter the following command:
sudo mkdir /home/ftpuser/ftp
sudo chown ftpuser:ftpuser /home/ftpuser/ftp
sudo chmod 755 /home/ftpuser/ftp
That's it! You have now successfully set up an FTP server in Ubuntu for transferring files.
How to transfer files on FTP in Ubuntu from FTP Client?
Choose your FTP client: There are several FTP clients available for Ubuntu, including FileZilla, gFTP, and lftp. Choose the one that you prefer to use.
sudo apt-get install filezilla
Open FileZilla: Once you have installed FileZilla, open it by clicking on the FileZilla icon in the Applications menu or by typing
filezilla in the terminal.
Navigate to the local file directory: Navigate to the local directory on your computer where the files you want to transfer are located. This is usually done by using the file explorer in your FTP client or by entering a local directory path in the client's command line.
Navigate to the remote file directory: Navigate to the remote directory on the FTP server where you want to transfer the files. This is usually done by using the file explorer in your FTP client or by entering a remote directory path in the client's command line.
Transfer files: To transfer files from your local computer to the FTP server, simply drag and drop them from the local directory to the remote directory. You can also use the transfer buttons in your FTP client to initiate the transfer.
Monitor the transfer: Once you start the transfer, you can monitor its progress in the transfer queue or transfer log in your FTP client. Depending on the size of the files and the speed of your internet connection, the transfer may take some time to complete.
Disconnect from the FTP server: Once the transfer is complete, disconnect from the FTP server in your FTP client to ensure the connection is closed.
That's it! You have now successfully transferred files using FTP in Ubuntu.
A VPN, or Virtual Private Network, is a technology that provides a secure and encrypted connection over the internet, allowing users to access the internet as if they were connected to a private network. VPNs are commonly used for various purposes, including enhancing online privacy, bypassing geo-restrictions, and ensuring data security.
Here's a detailed explanation of how VPNs work and their key components:
3. VPN Servers:
4. IP Address Masking:
5. Privacy and Security:
6. Bypassing Geo-Restrictions:
7. Use Cases:
8. VPN Clients:
9. VPN Extensions: [How to add a VPN extension on any browser?]
It's important to choose a reputable VPN service provider that follows strong security practices and does not log your online activities. Additionally, while VPNs enhance privacy and security, they do not make you completely anonymous online, as other tracking methods may still be employed by websites and services.
Using a VPN (Virtual Private Network) is a common method to access blocked websites, as it allows you to route your internet traffic through a secure server in a different location. Here's how you can use a VPN to access blocked websites:
Choose a Reliable VPN Service:
Download and Install the VPN Software: [How to add a VPN extension on any browser?]
Install and Set Up the VPN:
Connect to a Server:
Connect to the VPN:
Access Blocked Websites:
Disconnect When Done:
It's important to note that while a VPN can help you access blocked websites, it may not be legal or allowed in all situations or locations. Additionally, the effectiveness of VPNs can vary, as some websites employ more advanced methods to detect and block VPN traffic. Always use a VPN responsibly and in accordance with the laws and regulations of your country.
NOTE: "This blog is only for educational purposes."
To remotely turn off all PCs in a laboratory simultaneously, you can use a tool that supports batch or group shutdown commands. Here are some steps you can follow:
Determine the network configuration:
You need to know the network configuration of the laboratory, including the IP addresses of the computers on the network and the operating system running on them.
Install a remote shutdown tool:
There are many remote shutdown tools available, such as SoftPerfect Network Scanner and Remote Shutdown by EMCO. Install the remote shutdown tool on the computer you will be using to issue the shutdown command.
Group the computers:
Group the computers that you want to shut down simultaneously. This can be done in the remote shutdown tool by creating a new group and adding the computers you want to include.
Issue the batch shutdown command:
Once you have grouped the computers, you can issue the batch shutdown command to turn them all off simultaneously. The method for issuing the command will depend on the remote shutdown tool you are using, but typically you will need to select the group you want to shut down and choose the "shutdown" or "power off" option.
Confirm the shutdown:
After issuing the batch shutdown command, you may want to confirm that the computers have shut down properly. You can do this by checking the status of the computers on the network or by using a tool like Ping to confirm that the computers are no longer responding.
Note that turning off computers remotely may cause data loss or other issues, so it is important to ensure that all users have saved their work and closed their programs before initiating a shutdown. It is also important to have appropriate permissions and authorization to shut down all computers on a network. | <urn:uuid:b3b3ebc8-6462-44cc-9836-a4c33a9580af> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://bitasoft.in/blog | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.881231 | 3,366 | 3.765625 | 4 |
People are often surprised by what constituted a “classical” education. Education in ancient Rome was heavily focused on grammar. Why? Because the highest aspiration of an educated Roman was to make convincing arguments to get his (sorry ladies, the ancient Romans weren’t into gender equality) clients off the hook for whatever crimes they were accused of perpetrating (much like the decisions of the legal system here in the modern United States, the decisions of Rome’s legal system were more dependent on the ability of lawyers to spin a good yarn than what the evidence indicated).
A brief conversation with the average person will quickly prove that modern education isn’t terribly concerned with grammar. But I urge people to study grammar. While the highest aspiration of an educated person today may not be to impress a judge or jury with impeccable storytelling, the proper use of grammar can still pay dividends:
A pair of student drug dealers have been spared jail after a judge was impressed by the ‘spelling and grammar’ of the texts they sent advertising their product.
A court heard police examined their mobile phones to find text messages relating to their drug deals composed using perfect spelling and punctuation.
Judge David Hale said the ‘grammar and punctuation’ in the messages was of a much higher standard than normally seen from dealers and indicated a higher level of education.
The bar is set sufficiently low that the appropriate use of a single comma or period qualifies as a “much higher standard than normally seen.” But that’s good news for anybody who “don’t write so good.” They don’t have to study for long to become better than average. | <urn:uuid:e7246b4a-838b-42d2-b374-508c389cd48c> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://blog.christopherburg.com/2019/01/04/grammar-matters/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.966704 | 347 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Technology is driving a massive expansion of aquaculture facilities to ease overfishing of the world’s natural marine life, and Hexagon is here to help.
The world’s vast oceans cover more than 70 percent of the surface of the planet and are teeming with life, including the fish and other sea creatures that have been regularly harvested by humans throughout history. However, as the world’s population grew and industrial fishing became more and more common, even the massive biosphere beneath the waves began to feel the pressure brought on by increased demand. As ocean fisheries began to deplete and yields dropped, a new strategy was necessary to feed growing global demand without further devastating wild populations and sending our oceans into an age of lifeless scarcity. This is the purpose behind the Blue Revolution.
The Blue Revolution is the name given to the emergence of aquaculture — domestication and farming of fish, shellfish and aquatic plants — to cultivate an increase in the production of fish and marine products. Since the 1980s, aquaculture has grown to become a key player in the push toward more sustainable yield of marine products in a world where global consumption of fish is rising about 3.1 percent every year — almost double the rate of overall population growth. Freshwater aquaculture has also seen a massive shift during the Blue Revolution, with the majority of humanity’s fish supply now being farmed inland in rivers and lakes. While freshwater aquaculture is more often linked to domestic consumption, the two-pronged approach of easing the burden on wild populations in both saltwater and freshwater sources is creating a far more sustainable future for aquatic ecosystems worldwide.
The frontier of this new revolution in food production is centred in Asian countries, with operations accounting for 89% of global aquaculture production. However, there is still much work to be done as countries continue to scale up production but find themselves running into issues that require new approaches to the management of their fisheries. For example, only 60% of India’s aquaculture resources are currently being used for cultivation, as the balance requires new site selections for farming in brackish water, cages and reservoir fisheries. This creates several technical challenges, as suitable sites must either be found in acceptable condition or built out to meet the needs of the industry. Massive projects like this require a lot of technological power to keep them running smoothly and efficiently, and this is where powerful technologies like Hexagon’s come into play.
Indian fisheries operate from decentralised databases, which can lead to non-optimal production and reduced ROI and profits compared to a system where information is shared, easily accessible and properly utilised. Hexagon’s GIS technology allows fishery managers to centralise information between sites and provides robust data management, analytics and business intelligence that allows for more sustainable management of regional operations. By preserving data integrity and overall system performance between hundreds of simultaneous offices in desktop, web, mobile and cloud, tools like ERDAS IMAGINE, GeoMedia Desktop and M.App Enterprise transform raw data into useful information so managers can make the right decisions based on real-world conditions. The broad scope of data utilised by Hexagon’s solutions support fisheries throughout the entire business cycle, so fishing itself is not the only process being improved sustainably and responsibly.
The Blue Revolution is still going strong with no signs of stopping. Hexagon is here to help make sure that aquaculture keeps flowing smoothly into the coming years and beyond. | <urn:uuid:9d2cd2ac-8867-408b-bdac-3fe382b1dfa9> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://blog.hexagon.com/hexagon-technology-ready-join-blue-revolution/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.949249 | 714 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Name: Seowon Jung
One of famous entertainer got married to another entertainer last year in Korea. Their wedding ceremony became a topic of conversation because the bride was a transgender and the reaction of the masses ran to extremes. She, who was a male, getting married to a real man was unacceptable for Korean people and against popular sentiment. However, transgender: gay, lesbian and bisexual are not unfamiliar words anymore. Therefore, we are going to have to be concerned about them.
The National Education Association (NEA) adopted a resolution to start to respect diversity of student and support equal opportunity for student and staff regardless of sexual orientation. They not have only rights to an education with ordinary people but also have human rights. Homosexual love has been a topic of contempt and taboo in most countries but, a couple of countries accept it. However, St. Paul criticized homosexuality in the Bible because, homosexuality is an avaricious sex act unconcerned with the propagation of a race. Therefore, homosexual love was treated as a sin or criminal act against of the Commandment and society. I strongly believe that the homosexual love is kind of an antisocial action. Because I think that homosexuality is the result of a home environment and education from their parents. For example, suppose someone wanted to have a daughter but, his wife bore a boy. To comfort himself for not having a daughter, he will bring up his son as if he is a girl. If so, his son will think that he is basically a woman in the body of a man.
Regardless of my views, the National Education Association believes that every school district should provide counseling by trained personnel for students who are struggling with their sexual/gender orientation. Indeed, I agree counseling is a positive direction because counseling can reduce prejudice and discrimination between LGBT people and non-LGBT people. Eventually, they will be close to each other slowly. The most important thing is what we need are concern and encouragement regarding the LGBT people.
As I have mentioned, the LGBT people are the result of the influences of their parents. Some people advocates that their sex was switched before they were born, but I believe that character, personality, and sex-identification are acquired. Therefore, we have to enlighten the parents not to make their children gay. For example, if their sons and daughters have a propensity to be a girlish and boyish, the parents can reform them to think that they are the opposite sex.
However, for the rest of the people, who are unenlightened LGBT people, we have to take care of them. In my opinion, educator can make and operate special classrooms for only LGBT people such as coeducation classrooms. They could be happy or feel relieved feeling in that classrooms among the LGBT people. In conclusion, antisocial action is a kind of social phenomenon. Now, we should accept this social phenomenon and be ready for diversity of human identification. | <urn:uuid:97630551-eeac-4b3b-91e6-0adbaf62143e> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://blog.seowonjung.com/archives/454 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.978538 | 590 | 2.859375 | 3 |
802.359.5000 | WILD BIRD REHAB: x510
by Jim Armbruster – Research Coordinator
Game cameras have long been used by researchers in the study of wildlife. These remote cameras allow for an exciting look into how wildlife behaves in the absence of human disturbance. Cameras can be used to detect the presence of different species in an area, monitor animal passage in certain corridors, or estimate how a population of a target species is fairing. They are also used in many different projects throughout the world.
The idea behind this type of equipment is to set it up in an area where wildlife may be present. After a few days the animals become used to the presence of a camera and begin to resume their normal behaviors. The cameras are set to remotely activate when motion is detected allowing for a photo or video of the animal in front of the camera.
VINS has eight cameras deployed between our 47 acre property in Quechee and our 327 acre property at Old Pepper Place in Washington. They are positioned along wildlife trails, near water sources, and other high concentration areas of animals. Some cameras have been deployed for over a year and have recorded some very interesting species.
These cameras have allowed us to capture the diverse species present on our campus and at OPP. We had seen Red Foxes on our campus in the past but were not aware of other canine species. We were surprised to see a Gray Fox for the first time at our campus and were more surprised to learn that we have a pair making their home here. We also have had several Coyote that have moved in and share the space. A black bear was seen hanging around on multiple occasions and was even spotted by staff and guests on the trails. We have watched several White-tailed deer fawns grow up on campus and are now into the fall rut. A couple of species of weasels have also made their home here throughout the year. A mink and fisher seem to coexist in the wetland area and have been noted on several occasions. A family of raccoons also live near the wetland and were spotted on camera heading out to the river’s edge.
This project has shown us how important the habitat at VINS and OPP is for a variety of species. These cameras give us a look in to the behavior of unique species and their distribution between the two sites. Most of the images in this post are taken from videos that show each individuals unique personalities. Some of these videos have been shared via our social media and we are working to create a database for everyone to view all the videos. In the future more cameras would be ideal to monitor the large area at OPP which would allow us to focus on pockets of unique habitat at the site. For now it is fascinating to watch what the animals have been up to in their natural habitats.
Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. | <urn:uuid:2a358a1f-fd7f-43e5-9e07-8c1836d27d6e> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://blog.vinsweb.org/using-game-cameras-for-research/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.97834 | 600 | 3.25 | 3 |
Indium Market Overview
Indium (In) is a rare silvery, trivalent metallic, soft, white, malleable, and fusible element with atomic number 49. It occurs mainly in sphalerite ore and is associated with zinc and other metals. According to the publisher, the global Indium market is expected to witness a significant growth rate during the forecasted period. Factors like the increasing use of Indium in the Indium Tin Oxide, which is used to make transparent and conductive electrodes in the plasma TV and LCD TV screen industries due to its good light permeability and conductivity, are expected to drive the global Indium market. Further, the use of Indium in Semiconductors, the materials used for optoelectronics, radiofrequency, and power electronic devices, use several indium-based materials such as indium phosphide and indium gallium phosphide materials offer properties that are not available in silicon are projected to drive the global Indium market. Furthermore, a small amount of metal Indium is added to the material of dental implants owing to its properties such as corrosion resistance and significantly improve the hardness of these implants, which is expected to drive the market growth. However, all Indium compounds are considered toxic and can damage the heart, kidney, and liver and cause defects in the developing fetus, which are expected to hinder the global market growth.
Free Sample Report @ https://www.statisticalinsights.com/sample-request/18-Indium-Market
The Asia-Pacific region is expected to be the leader in the production and consumption of Indium, with most of the consumption in countries like China and India. The demand for Indium Tin Oxide, semiconductors, dentures, solar cells, and the alloy is enormous in the region since more than half of the world’s population lives there. Due to the ongoing need for advancing digital technology, Indium Tin Oxide has become the most common transparent conducting oxides widely used in touchscreen technology for smartphones, tablets, and other electrical appliances are driving the need for Indium in the Global Market. Further, a considerable portion of Indium is used in semiconductor materials owing to its characteristics of high boiling point and low resistance, thus driving the Indium market in demand. In dentures, reduced gold and palladium-based alloys are primarily hardened using Indium, which helps lower the casting temperature andis expected to drive the demand for Indium. Due to the growing urbanization, Indium alloy is used in the production of solar cells due to low production cost, low pollution, and good performance under low light are expected to drive the demand for Indium in the Global Market. Indium is used in a variety of fusible alloys used to manufacture fuses, temperature controllers, and signaling devices and also used as a gasket or lining material in high altitude instruments and aerospace equipment that canadhere to a variety of materials is driving the demand for Global Indium market. The mentioned factors have made the Asia-Pacific an essential region for growth in the Indium Market.
Global Indium Market report provides deep insight into the Industrial market’s current and future state across various regions. The study comprehensively analyses the Indium market by segmenting based on the By Product (Ingot, Granule, Wire, Foil, Oxide, Others), By Application (Indium Tin Oxide, Semiconductor, Denture, Solar Cell, Alloy, Others), and Geography (Asia-Pacific, North America, Europe, South America, and Middle-East and Africa). The report examines the market drivers and restraints and the impact of Covid-19 on the market growth in detail. The study covers and includes emerging market trends, developments, opportunities, and challenges in the industry. This report also covers extensively researched competitive landscape sections with prominent companies and profiles, including their market shares and projects.
- Indium Corporation
- Nippon Rare Metal
- Increase in demand for LCDs
- For a full, detailed list, view the full report
- Fluctuation in prices of indium
- For a full, detailed list, view the full report
Complete Report @ https://www.statisticalinsights.com/main-report/18-Indium-Market
Table of Contents
- Research Scope and Methodology
2.1 Aim & Objective of the study
2.2 Market Definition
2.3 Study Information
2.4 General Study Assumptions
2.5 Research Phases
- Market Analysis
3.2 Market Dynamics
3.3 Market Trends & Developments
3.4 Market Opportunities
3.5 Feedstock Analysis
3.6 Regulatory Policies
3.7 Analysis of Covid-19 Impact
- Key Company Profiles
7.1 Indium Corporation
7.2 3M Company
7.3 Avalon Advanced Materials Inc.
7.4 Korea Zinc Co., Ltd
7.5 Umicore N.V.
7.6 Nyrstar N.V.
7.7 Young Poong Corporation
7.8 PPM Pure Metals GmbH
7.9 Teck Resources Limited
7.10 Nitto Denko Corporation
7.11 Guangxi China Tin Group Co., Ltd
7.12 Dowa Holdings
7.13 GreenNovo Environmental Technology Co., Ltd
7.14 ProTech Materials, Inc
7.15 Henan Yuguang Gold & Lead Co., Ltd
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Healthcare Artificial Intelligence Market – By Component, By Technology, By Application, and By Region- Global Opportunity Analysis and Industrial Forecast-2020-2028.
Enterprise Quantum Computing Market – By Offering, By Deployment, By Application, By End User, and By Region- Global Opportunity Analysis and Industrial Forecast- 2020-2028.
Plant-Based Food Ingredients Market – By Product, By End Use, and By Region- global Opportunity Analysis and Industrial Forecast – 2020-2028.
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Website @ https://www.statisticalinsights.com/ | <urn:uuid:a52b2851-3a92-4a05-89bc-03607c98fa56> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://bloggersbaba.com/indium-market-development-application-overview/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.891426 | 1,410 | 2.6875 | 3 |
We all love music. Now we know it can help attention span for kids with ADHD.
Bono once famously said, “Music can change the world because it can change people.” This sentiment is true on a number of levels, including helping people with attention deficit disorders control the symptoms of their condition.
According to Psychology Today, music may be used to help people manage ADHD. In a recent article posted online, Larry Maucieri Ph.D, ABPP-CN reports that people trained in music have an overwhelming tendency to perform better in many areas, including attention span and memory. It is theorized that part of the reason music affects ADHD in a positive way is because it increases dopamine levels, which, when deficient, may cause or contribute to ADHD.
It is easy to believe that only slow, classical melodies can increase attention span. That isn’t the case, however, as different brains interpret music in different ways. For some, heavy metal may help them find a center of balance. Others may prefer hip-hop, while others still prefer the soulful twang of country | <urn:uuid:ef97928d-2cbd-452e-a0c9-d395ec469d1a> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://bonnieharris.com/tag/instruments/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.936533 | 225 | 3.25 | 3 |
write replies to the two posts :
Health disparities she may experience related to her pregnancy, such as the risk for preterm labor and the high rate of infant mortality in low-income women.
Health disparities cause differing health outcomes for different groups of people and can be caused by many issues, including their physical environment, education, economic factors, access to health care, access to healthy and affordable foods, and the community they live within (March of Dimes, 2021). These issues can impact an individual’s health and pregnancy outcome. Having diabetes, lots of stress in her life, low socioeconomic status, working long hours, being of African American descent, and getting pregnant sooner than 18 months after a previous pregnancy puts Martha at an increased risk for preterm labor and premature birth (March of Dimes, 2018). Approximately 14.1% of African American women deliver preterm, 36.1% deliver via c-section, and 14.1% deliver low birth weight babies, which is greater proportionately when compared to non-Hispanic white pregnant women (Raper et al., 2021). These factors make it evident that health disparities can significantly affect pregnancy, and care must be aimed at lowering modifiable disparities.
Furthermore, African American women are three to four times more likely to die of pregnancy-related death than non-Hispanic white women, and they had the fastest rate of increase in maternal deaths between 2007 and 2014 (Howell, 2018). So not only is her baby at an increased risk, but she is also at an increased risk of having unfavorable health outcomes during pregnancy. One factor that contributes to the maternal morbidity risk is that racial and ethnic minority women often deliver in different and lower quality hospitals than non-Hispanic white women (Howell, 2018). Additionally, African American women are less likely to receive first-trimester prenatal care due to factors such as insurance status or availability of transportation (Howell, 2018). Ultimately, patient education and increasing access to affordable and equitable care are vital in overcoming some of these health care disparities to reduce the risks of modifiable health disparities.
Based on question 1. Due to Martha having to work 2 jobs to barely scrape by and having a partner that has been out of work for over a year makes things more stressful at home. There are 3 kids at home under the age of 10 and her live in partner has bene helping to take care of them even though they are not his kids. Now that she is pregnant and trying to work to stressful jobs which requires her to be on her feet all day can affect her ability to bring home an income. This crazy work schedule to make a living has caused her to be erratic in her own health care by missing appointments and not following thru on her own health care needs.
Because income is a significant, well documented determinant of health, the effects of low income and income inequality are reflected in population health. According to Avancena et al., the cause of causes or fundamental cause of health outcomes and incomes shapes the resources at our disposal which in turn increases the disease risks exposed to and the ability to mitigate these risks (2021).
When it comes to relationship discrimination it is more common amongst members of your own race and socioeconomic status that tend to not accept inter race relationships. Age, socioeconomic status, and legal status have been found to influence how likely one is to experience and/or report discriminatory treatment based on race or ethnicity (Lee et al., 2019).
Lastly, lower income women struggle to get the care needed to prevent preterm labor and improve the equality of their pregnancy’s. This is affected by Martha’s lack of time, lack of resources and access. These factors will greatly affect Martha’s ability to obtain and continue the type of care she needs to improve her life and improve her underlying health issues such as hypertension, obesity and diabetes. | <urn:uuid:dd698411-2299-46c8-9645-c4dd88e1896e> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://brainiacessays.com/su-health-and-medical-health-disparities-causes-discussion/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.964514 | 782 | 3 | 3 |
National Donut Day is June 3! Children’s news article
Those who seek an excuse for to surrender in certain delicious Donuts will be thrilled to know that June 3, 2022 is National Donut Day. It makes it your civic duty to eat at least one — maybe a dozen — of the sugary treats. The delightful holiday, celebrated annually on the first Friday in June, is attributed to the Salvation Army.
The non-profit association association with beignets began in 1917 when four female volunteers arrived in France to care for wounded soldiers from the First World War. To raise their spirits, Ensign Margaret Sheldon and Warrant Officer Helen Purviance used the few Ingredients — flour, sugar, lard, baking powder, cinnamonand canned milk—to make doughnuts.
If there are no rolling pins or frying pans, the volunteers had to get Creative. They flattened the dough by hand and baked the donuts – seven at a time – inside a soldier’s helmet. The women worked late into the night, producing one hundred and fifty donuts the first night and three hundred the next. The appetizing aroma fresh donuts brought well-deserved joy to the soldiers, who patiently wait for hours in the cold and wet weather to get their treat.
Once fully crew, the “Donut Lassies”, as they were later called, handed out up to 9,000 donuts a day! The fried dessert has become a symbol Salvation Army efforts to facilitate difficulties American troops. It also served to comfort frontline soldiers in World War II (1939-1945) and the Vietnam War (1955-1975).
In 1938, the Chicago chapter of the Salvation Army set aside a day to sell donuts – made to the original World War I recipe – to general Public. The non-profit organization wanted to raise much needed funds for the poor during the Great Depression. The event was so popular that it became an annual event and National Donut Day was born. Lots of donuts retailers participate in the celebrations by distributing free or at discounted price treaty. Krispy Kreme typically offers a free donut to every customer who enters the store, while Dunkin’ Donuts does the same with a drink purchase.
National Donut Day isn’t the only holiday dedicated to the dessert. Fans of deep-fried treats will also celebrate National Jelly-Filled Donut Day on June 8, National Cream-Filled Donut Day on September 14, and National Donut Appreciation Day on November 5! Given all of these excuses for eating the delicious treat, it’s no surprise that Americans consume 10 billion donuts – about 31 donuts per person – per year!
While donuts are an American tradition, similar sweets can be found all over the world. Indians enjoy a spiral delicacy soaked in sugar syrup called jalebi, while Tunisians devour honey.muffled fried pastries called yoyos. Indonesian kentang donut is prepared with mashed potatoes and coated with in powder sugar. The bottom line? You can celebrate the holiday no matter where you live! | <urn:uuid:b31eb05e-d2d8-4606-8724-0a6dccd05779> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://bsdnews.org/national-donut-day-is-june-3-childrens-news-article/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.946478 | 638 | 2.703125 | 3 |
In 1941, a man was searching for gold in Alaska. Wandering along a river, he heard a noise in the woods. A moment later he was terrified to death to see a huge wild wolf looking right into his eyes. It turned out that the beast of prey was trapped and could not get out.
On approaching, the man realized that it was a mother wolf. Judging by her swollen nipples it was clear that she had recently given birth. Thus, somewhere there must have been hungry pups waiting for their mom. Then the gold miner decided that first he would find the babies, and then he would think what to do with their mother.
It was winter, everything was covered with snow, which only helped the man. He was able to track the wolf's footprints right to her den in the bushes. Of course, he hoped to find the pups healthy and unharmed. He rushed to their home and found healthy but hungry little pups.
Without hesitation, our hero put the pups into his bag and brought them to their mother. As soon as the female wolf smelled her babies and saw the man approaching, she started howling. The babies rushed to their mother and began greedily suckling milk.
The situation gradually worsened. The trap more and more injured the wolf's leg, making the wound deeper. As the wolf did not trust the man, she was growling at the miner, showing every sign of aggression. But the man knew he had to help the wolf family.
The man remembered that he had seen a dead deer on his way. He had to go back to that place and get some food. After a while, pieces of meat were offered to the animal. It was getting dark. A decision was made to spend the night right there. The man cut some twigs and built a shelter.
Our hero understood that to help the animal out of the trap, he had to gain her trust. Otherwise, he would not even be able to get close. Knowing that it was not an easy task, the man talked to the wolf, fed her, played with her pups, showing that he would do no harm.
The second day was coming to an end. The gold miner's strategy started to pay off. The she-wolf was already wagging her tail. On the third day he walked closer to the animal and started petting her. The wolf was calm. It was time to act.
Our hero put his hand on the trapped leg and pressed the trap with force. The trap opened. The captive quickly jumped out and limped away. She did not run away, but as she approached her rescuer, she lowered her head as if in gratitude. The pack was saved and it was time to leave. The man went further and further away, while the animals stared at him.
Four years passed. Once when the man was again in Alaska, the man decided to go to the place where he had last seen the rescued wolf family. Suddenly, he heard a wolf howl somewhere at the top of the hill. A dark silhouette was slowly approaching. It was a wolf. At first the miner was terrified, but then he recognized the she-wolf. She was glad to see him, wagged her tail, then turned around and howled loudly.
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Another surprise awaited the man. A group of wolves came out on a nearby peak, hearing a howl. Most likely they were her grown up kids. Waiting for a moment, the mother ran to her pack. It was the last meeting of the rescuer and the wolves. Every time the man heard the howling, he remembered this story with warmth. He will remember that day forever.
Such an amazing story proves that friendship between man and wild animals is possible.
This might also interest you: | <urn:uuid:875a930c-b8ac-4d96-8c44-e9c204355176> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://buzzspace.net/interesting/822-man-saved-the-lives-of-a-mother-wolf-and-her-pups-and-several-years-later-the-pack-finds-him | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.990573 | 857 | 3.078125 | 3 |
The following piece was produced for the Bader College course HIST 402: Sex & Death in the Middle Ages.
During the Middle Ages, an insidious aspect of communal identity reared its ugly head as a result of religious groupthink. Why is it that every historical epoch believes that it has reached the apex of development? Why does every era believe that their morals are the “right” morals? Jewish people became horrifyingly marginalized during the Middle Ages because of a Catholic belief in a moral superiority that was reinforced by religious groupthink. The Roman Catholic Church was the instigator and the arbiter of a feedback loop between religious authorities and the common people. Encouraged by the Catholic institution, Medieval Catholics believed that they were on the side of good, providing them with the moral authority to stoke the fires of anti-Semitism.
The term “groupthink” was coined in 1972 by Erving L. Janis. Janis was a psychologist who defined the term while he was analyzing failures in American foreign policy. He described it as a process by which people set aside individual opinions or beliefs to conform with a group consensus. Groupthink represents the ideological agreement of any group, in either deliberate or ignorant evasion of conflicting ideas, opinions, and facts.
The ideas inherent in the term groupthink have persisted throughout history. It is a phenomenon that results from a metaphysical echo chamber of reinforced ideas, fed in and out of that chamber on a continuous loop. Social media has created a literal echo chamber. Individuals are fed information through algorithms that are based on search histories and interests. When you sign up for popular sites such as Quora, or Pinterest, you are asked to identify your favourite topics. Subsequently, contemporary groupthink has become both a conscious choice and a deliberate digital manipulation.
Medieval people did not have digital algorithms; they were fed information through representatives of the Roman Catholic Church. Common people accepted and perpetuated these beliefs within their communities. The Roman Catholic Pope held more power than any King or Queen. Papal supremacy was solidified through a rigid hierarchy of church officials. At the top were the ‘Princes’ of the Church, the Cardinals, followed by Archbishops, Bishops, and finally, Parish Priests. Kings and Queens only controlled limited geographical regions. However, the Catholic Pope and his officials influenced ideological concepts that extended beyond the borders of any one country.
It wasn’t until the Reformation started in 1517 that the European populace demanded the right to read the bible themselves for widely. Until this point, unless you were someone of social or monetary privilege who attended university, all of your information concerning morality was siphoned through the Church. Papal power reached into the very hearts and minds of individuals, regardless of physical location.
During the Middle Ages, the acts of othering, discriminating, and perpetuating injustices were built upon the morals that the Catholic community agreed to uphold. Specifically, these morals included institutionalised ideologies surrounding law, sex, and death. For example, during the 4th Lateran Council, the Church made any heresy against the Catholic faith punishable under ecclesiastic and secular law. Conveniently, heresy was anything the Church decided it was; from being a “witch”, to practicing a religion other than Catholicism, to denying that the Holy Communion was the body and blood of Christ.
A pivotal development in 13th century Catholic dogma was the establishment of “transubstantiation”. Catholicism enforced the concept that the bread and wine used during the sacrament of Communion was literally transformed by the Priest into the body and blood of Christ. The continuously reinforced belief that they were physically ingesting the body of Christ deeply affected the Catholic worldview. Individuals grew to embrace each other as a communal, bodily representation of God on earth.
As the 13th century advanced, papal canons codified correct morality. Catholic cannons were socially and legally binding. Every effort was made to direct the thoughts and behaviors of Catholics in a direction dictated by the institution of the Church. In the 27th of February, 1318, the Roman Catholic Pontiff, John XXII wrote to Brother Bartholomew,
“The Roman Pontiff, who is obliged by his office to direct his efforts principally to the salvation of souls, must be able to devote immediate attention to the correction of sons who deviate from the Faith, while at the same time making it clear that nothing can have the power [to bring people] to salvation if it is not grounded in the root of faith.”
Margarida de Portu was a 14th century woman accused by her brother-in-law of poisoning her husband. Her case demonstrates that social integration was essential to bodily survival. Margarida was an immigrant to her French community, and yet she successfully gained complete support from her town. She was able to achieve integration by demonstrating piety and virtue that was modeled on Catholic morality. Margarida’s social integration was so complete that her own accusers’ sisters testified in her favor. Achieving social acceptance in Medieval Europe was crucial in order to avoid legal bias, torture, and corporal punishment under secular and religious laws.
The Catholic community began turning on those who did not accept Roman Catholic law. Jews represented a section of Medieval society that refused to conform to the majority groups’ ideology. Jewish people held themselves religiously separate; therefore, they remained completely unintegrated into Catholic communities. They were therefore seen as untrustworthy and given far less leniency under the law.
Jewish communities embraced usury (money-lending) and this became a major factor that contributed to the “othering” of their community. There was no prohibition against money-lending in the Jewish religious canon, as there was in the Roman Catholic bible. The Book of Luke states, you can lend money or goods, but only if you expect nothing in return. The Book of Deuteronomy states, “Thou shalt not lend upon usury to thy brother; usury of money, usury of victuals, usury of anything that is lent upon usury” (Deuteronomy, XXIII, 19).” Jewish people had the audacity to not only lend money, but expect that it would be returned with interest.
Jewish people were seen as the enemy; they were taking money from the Catholic community in order to enrich their own. Usury was considered stealing, further damning Jewish money-lenders. However, Christians were shown leniency, as long as the money stayed within the Catholic community. John Outhorpe is an example of a Catholic man in the 14th century who was well-connected and wealthy; he was permitted to lend money. If he had been Jewish, he likely would have been prosecuted. His deep-rooted connections to his community protected him from social and legal consequences.
The ideology surrounding Medieval usury was not purely religious, it had roots in Aristotelian philosophy. Medieval scholars (Schoolmen) attempted to philosophize the just price of interest on a loan. What was the exact number at which a loan became usury? When was it actually stealing? As John Outhorpe shows us, there was a difference between what was agreed upon as theologically correct, and what occurred in practice. In Medieval courts, Jewish people were seen as guilty even when engaging in the same practical applications of usury as a Catholic.
Roman Catholicism taught people to focus on giving themselves physically and spiritually to the Church. The Church encouraged a fixation on spiritual salvation as it related to the physical body. Ecclesiastical courts were the religious organizations that oversaw crimes of physical immorality like “carnal knowledge” and adultery. This focus on moral corruption showed a belief in the ability to transfer “bad” behaviour onto “good” people, thus spreading the moral infection amongst the community. Medieval people believed that moral corruption was just as contagious as the Black Death.
The Black Death became an ideological turning point in Europe. Between 1348-1350, nearly one third of Europe’s population succumbed to the horrific Plague. What was considered a punishment from God for human immorality was turned violently against those who did not fit in with the Catholic community and the accepted moral code. Those people were predominantly Jewish. Entire Jewish communities were murdered or expelled from their homes as a result.
Jewish people were seen as morally deviant because they refused to accept the Catholic faith. They were blamed for taking a deliberate and devious role in spreading disease by poisoning wells, streams, and people’s food. These accusations reflected the sinister distrust that Catholic communities felt against Jews. Between 1348 and 1351, Catholic mobs engaged in unforgivable and heinous acts of hate. Jewish people were rounded up in town squares and synagogues and systematically murdered. Towns in England, Spain, and France all expelled their Jewish citizens during the Black Death.
Anti-Semitism only grew stronger following the plague. The infamous murder of an entire Jewish neighbourhood in Valencia, Spain occurred on July 9th, 1391:
“A group of about 50 youths (minyons or fadrins) gathered in the marketplace. Armed with a white banner bearing a blue cross and some crosses made of reeds, they began to march toward the Jewish quarter, all the while shouting ‘that the archdeacon of Castile [that is, Ferrán Martínez of Seville] was coming with his cross and all the Jews would be baptised or die’.”
The intersection of sex, money, and usury was prostitution. As purveyors of money, prostitutes became targeted and socially restricted alongside Jews. In a blatant display of discrimination, some towns and cities only allowed prostitutes and Jews to use the baths on a specific day. Catholic society had moved away from a focus on God, to prioritizing Christ as the centre of their community via the sacrament of communion. As they consumed Christ’s body, the Catholic community saw themselves as a literal embodiment of Christ. Those who refused to consume his body and follow the Catholic moral code, Jews and prostitutes, were not only shunned, but socially censured.
The idea that people could infect others with their immorality speaks to a growing belief in an interconnected, Christian body. Prostitutes were the antithesis of what the Catholic community believed would achieve salvation. Prostitutes gained acceptance and legal institutionalisation in the 13th century. However, it was short-lived. By the end of the 14th century, the repudiation of women selling their bodies for sex was intimately connected with Catholic society moving towards Christ and the Host as the centre of their community. As they embraced Communion, Catholics accepted that salvation was only attainable by keeping the body pure.
Medieval moral codes aimed to address the belief that sin infected the entire Catholic community. Society communally accepted the Church’s teachings as morally correct. Their attempt to protect the moral well-being of the Catholic community only served to disenfranchise Jewish people and prostitutes who rejected the status quo.
Groupthink was destructive in the Middle Ages, and it continues to wreak havoc on contemporary society. Restricting information flow to like-minded people creates increased discrimination in a globalized world. We must strive to engage in more dialogue, especially when we disagree, and especially when we feel uncomfortable. Discomfort is a necessary prerequisite for change and growth. Groupthink is dangerous beause it ensures that psychological stability is reinforced while simultaneously avoiding discomfort; to the ultimate detriment of individual and communal growth.
Jewish people and prostitutes were guilty of rejecting a communal code of conduct that was perpetuated by the Medieval Roman Catholic Church. Jews and prostitutes were murdered, oppressed, and silenced by the perpetuators and the followers of Catholic dogma. Christians truly believed that they were on the morally just side. When will we learn to question our own rightness? When will be find the balance between individual beliefs and community well-being? History shows us that the balance is possible, but so far, it has never been sustainable.
Christine Cleary, 4th Year History Major, Queen’s University (Canada).
Bruce Kuklick, The Journal of American History 60, no. 3 (1973): pg. 857. https://doi.org/10.2307/1917768.
Claire Kennan, Week 3: Medieval Religion, (OnQ; Monday, June 22nd), Slide #5, https://onq.queensu.ca/d2l/le/content/779622/viewContent/4734022/View.
Fordham University. Medieval Sourcebook: Twelfth Ecumenical Council: Lateran IV 1215. “The Canons of the Fourth Lateran Council, 1215.” (Created 26 Jan, 1996: latest revision 25 May, 2023), Cannon 3, https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/basis/lateran4.asp.
Fordham University, Medieval Sourcebook, 3.
Guillaume Erner, “Christian Economic Morality: The Medieval Turning Point.” International social science journal 57, no. 185 (2005): 473.
P. G. Maxwell-Stuart, “Papal Decisions, Decrees and Letters 1258–1524.” In Witch Beliefs and Witch Trials in the Middle Ages: Documents and Readings, no.3. London: Continuum, 2011. Accessed June 7, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781472599346.0005.
Steven Bednarski, A Poisoned Past: The Life & Times of Margarida de Portu, a Fourteenth Century Accused Poisoner, (Toronto, 2014), 85.
Erner, Christian Morality, 472.
Ibid, 473.
Erner, Christian Morality, 473.
Alan Kissane, ‘Unnatural in Body and a Villain in Soul: Rape and Sexual Violence Towards Girls under the Age of Canonical Consent in Late Medieval England’, in Fourteenth Century England, ed. by G. Dodd (Boydell & Brewer, 2018), 106.
Ruth Mazo Karras, ‘The Regulation of Sexuality in the Late Middle Ages: England and France’, Speculum, 86: 4 (2011), 1021.
Nico Voigtlander, Hans-Joachim Voth. “Persecution Perpetuated: The Medieval Origins of Anti-Semitic Violence in Nazi Germany.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 127, no. 3 (2012): 1339. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23251987.
Paul Slack, “Responses to Plague in Early Modern Europe: The Implications of Public Health.” Social Research 55, no. 3 (1988): 436. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40970513.
Erner, Christian Morality, 475.
Voigtländer, Persecution Perpetuated, 1340.
Samuel K John, “The Black Death and the Burning of Jews.” Past & present 196, no. 1 (2007): pg. 4.
Ibid, 1341-2342.
John, The Black Death, 325.
Erner, Christian Morality, 473.
Leah Otis-Cour, Prostitution in Medieval Society the History of an Urban Institution in Languedoc. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1985, 25.
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