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Basal Temperature Test (Thyroid Testing)
Take your temperature using a thermometer under your arm first thing in the morning. Thermometers that scan the forehead or body are not accurate enough. Record your temperature for 5 days in a row. A regular temperature below 97.6º F indicates an under-functioning thyroid.
An iodine patch test is supposed to measure the absorption rate of iodine by your body which will theoretically let you know if you are deficient or otherwise.
- Paint a 3-inch by 3-inch square on your abdomen, inner thigh or inner forearm.
- Allow it to dry before touching anything, as it will stain.
- Monitor the patch over the next 24 hours for color changes.
Your iodine test should last up to 18–24 hours. | <urn:uuid:68a771fa-40f7-4cf3-8d79-574a5d67b4b2> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://riverdellherbs.com/resources/temperature/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.886627 | 162 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Gadadhar Abhyudaya Prakalpa (GAP)
As technological advancements and seemingly digital welfare in this postmodern era have made the lives of many of our children luminous and privileged, there have been an enormous number of children in the society, who have been steeping into deeper darkness. Various levels of social constraints like poverty, illiteracy, child labour, child trafficking, malnutrition etc have created a huge halo of economic, psychological, educational, and digital darkness around these destitute-stricken multitude of children in both city and rural areas of our country.
In service to the nation, to ease the struggles of these children and to help them break the shackles of deprivations in life where they have been eternally chained in, Ramakrishna Mission, Belur Math initiated a child-welfare programme named Gadadhar Abhyudaya Prakalpa(GAP) in October 2010 as a part of its four-year long 150th Birth Anniversary Celebrations of Swami Vivekananda. Named after the childhood name of Sri Sri Thakur Sri Ramakrishna, i.e. Gadhadharu, the Gadhadhar Abhyudaya Prakalpa has been functioning through the Brach Centres of the Belur Math Headquarters with an attempt to provide physical, psychological, and intellectual care to the children in need. A huge number of children have been rescued and are still being rescued from underprivileged and underdeveloped areas all around the urban and ruralscape and are provided with a life of bare essentials including food, hygiene, education, and health care.
As the purpose of GAP is to provide physical, psychological, and intellectual care to the socially deprived children (aged 7 to 12 years), they continue to be trained through evening classes for about 2 to 3 hours a day for around 25 days a month.
The children are trained for physical developments through participation in games and exercises. They are provided with necessary equipments for the same. Training for a day begins with prayers followed by physical exercises. Students are given basic trainings on health and hygiene, in toilet practice, necessity of safe drinking water, brushing teeth, washing hands, clipping nails, using mosquito net at night, etc. They are exposed to awareness related to health and hygiene, especially in their living conditions. They are also given periodical health check-ups. Medical necessities and expenses are borne by the Centres. At the end of each days programme, nutritive food supplements are served to all the participants, to counter the problem of malnutrition. As a part of the programme, the children are periodically provided with the following items: school bags, school uniforms, study materials like notebooks, pen, pencil, eraser, etc., books, umbrellas/raincoats, footwear, toiletry items like toothpaste, toothbrush, tongue-cleaner, soap, oil, nail-clipper, etc.
The children are also exposed to dedicated trainings in cultural activities like singing, chanting, painting, performing plays etc. They are regularly given competent guidance on meditation and yoga to liberate their minds from cultural inhibitions.
For intellectual and characteristic development, the children are taught about the lives and teachings of great personalities in the field of literature, religion, history etc. Primary focus is always laid on value-based education. They are also exposed to the culture and heritage of our nation through screenings of relevant films and documentaries.
Overall, the Gadhadhar Abhyudaya Prakalpa aims at an all-round development of children with particular focus on health, hygiene, values-based education, and physical-cultural-psychological-spiritual trainings.
GAP Unit at Ramakrishna Math, Bolpur
With the successful execution and running of the Gadhadhar Abhyudaya Prakalpau00a0all over the country; Ramakrishna Math, Bolpur has been selected by the Belur Math Headquarters as a prospective centre to run GAP with children collected from the poverty driven areas in the vicinity of Bolpur. The annual expenses to run GAP at the Bolpur Math have been estimated as Rs. 3 lakhs. | <urn:uuid:b4e0477b-6589-44c9-b3d3-560bf2403d47> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://rkmbolpur.org/gadadhar-abhyuday-prakalpa-gap/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.949504 | 859 | 2.671875 | 3 |
World Breastfeeding Week 1-7 of August
Exclusive breastfeeding is when a baby receives only breast milk on demand, exclusively for 6 months without any solid, fluids or water.
Facts about Breastfeeding
The first milk the baby takes produces colostrum which is highly nutritious and contains antibiotics (72 hours after childbirth).
Breast milk contains all necessary nutrients needed for the baby.
Oxytocin and prolactin is released by the brain during breastfeeding, which help mothers to bond with baby and ease those normal feelings of stress and anxiety.
Breast milk comes in the desired temperature needed by the baby.
Breastfeeding lowers your baby’s risk of common childhood illnesses like malnutrition, pneumonia, etc.
Lactational Amenoria (absence of menstruation due to breastfeeding) occurs during exclusive breastfeeding. Lactational Amenoria is a natural means of family planning as it prevents early pregnancy after delivery.
This year’s theme on world breastfeeding week (1-7 August) according to WHO is Empower Parents, Enable Breastfeeding
Benefits to the Child
Mental development and growth
It creates bonding between mother and child
Boosts immunity of the child and prevent infection
It is readily available
Benefits to the Mother
Lactation Amenoria (absence of menstruation). Lactational Amenoria which is a natural means of family planning.
It aids involution i.e. process in which the uterus returns back to its normal state and position after delivery.
It creates bonding between mother and child.
Benefits to the Family
It is inexpensive and economical.
If you need more information on breastfeeding, you can talk to a doctor at Royal Victoria Medical Centre, or have an online chat @royalvictoriamedicalcentre.com | <urn:uuid:8f38abf9-90ad-4fae-a578-257cd2bd7385> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://royalvictoriamedicalcentre.com/world-breastfeeding-week/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.91382 | 371 | 2.703125 | 3 |
BERLIN — No one knows why Felix Hildesheimer, a Jewish dealer in music supplies, purchased a precious violin built by the Cremonese master Giuseppe Guarneri at a shop in Stuttgart, Germany, in January 1938. His own store had lost its non-Jewish customers because of Nazi boycotts, and his two daughters fled the country shortly afterward. His grandsons say it’s possible that Hildesheimer was hoping he could sell the violin in Australia, where he and his wife, Helene, planned to build a new life with their younger daughter.
But the couple’s efforts to get an Australian visa failed and Hildesheimer killed himself in August 1939. More than 80 years later, his 300-year-old violin — valued at around $185,000 — is at the center of a dispute that is threatening to undermine Germany’s commitment to return objects looted by the Nazis.
The government’s Advisory Commission on the return of Nazi-looted cultural property determined in 2016 that the violin was almost certainly either sold by Hildesheimer under duress, or seized by the Nazis after his death. In its first case concerning a musical instrument, the panel recommended that the current holder, the Franz Hofmann and Sophie Hagemann Foundation, a music education organization, should pay the dealer’s grandsons compensation of 100,000 euros, around $121,000; in return, the foundation could keep the instrument, which it planned to lend to talented violin students.
But the foundation is refusing to pay. After first saying it couldn’t raise the funds, it is now is now casting doubt on the committee’s ruling. In a Jan. 20 statement, the foundation said “current information” suggested that Hildesheimer was not forced to give up his business until 1939, instead of 1937, as previously thought. So, the statement added, “we should assume that the violin was sold as a retail product in his music shop.”
Last week, the Advisory Commission lost patience and issued a public statement aimed at raising pressure on the Hagemann Foundation to comply with its recommendation.
“Both sides accepted this as a fair and just solution,” the statement said, accusing the foundation of not showing a “serious commitment to comply with the commission’s recommendation.” The efforts to contest the recommendation — four years after it was issued — by suggesting that the Jewish dealer sold the violin under perfectly normal conditions mean “the foundation is not just contravening existing principles on the restitution of Nazi-looted art,” the panel said, “it is also ignoring accepted facts about life in Nazi Germany.”
The foundation’s refusal to pay is jeopardizing a system for handling Nazi-looted art claims that has been in place for nearly two decades and has led to the restitution of works from public museums and, in 2019, two paintings from the German government’s own art collection.
Lawmakers set up the panel in 2003, after endorsing the Washington Principles, a 1998 international agreement calling for “just and fair” solutions for prewar owners and their heirs whose art had been confiscated by the Nazis. The families of Jews whose belongings were expropriated rarely succeed in recovering looted cultural property in German courts, because of statutes of limitation and rules that protect good-faith buyers of stolen goods. So the Advisory Commission, which arbitrates between the victims of spoliation and the holders of disputed cultural property, is often claimants’ only recourse.
But the commission is not a court and has no legal powers to enforce its recommendations, explained Hans-Jürgen Papier, the panel’s chairman and a former president of Germany’s Constitutional Court, in an interview.
“Instead it has the function of a mediator,” he said. “So far we have been able to count on public institutions to submit to the commission’s processes and implement its recommendations,” he added. “If that doesn’t work anymore, it’s unacceptable from our perspective.”
After Hildesheimer’s purchase, the Guarneri violin’s tracks disappear until 1974, when it resurfaced at a shop in the city of Cologne, western Germany, and was purchased by the violinist Sophie Hagemann. She died in 2010, bequeathing it to the foundation she had set up to promote the work of her composer husband and support young musicians.
The Hagemann Foundation, which has since restored the violin, began to investigate its prior ownership after her death. On noting the provenance gap from 1938 to 1974, it registered the instrument on a German government database of Nazi-looted cultural property, in the hope of finding more information about the Hildesheimer family. An American journalist tracked down the music dealer’s grandsons, and the foundation agreed to submit the case to the Advisory Commission.
When the commission ruled, in 2016, that the violin was likely to have been sold under duress, or seized after Hildesheimer’s death, the Hagemann Foundation accepted its terms and also promised that the students to whom it lent the violin would give regular concerts in Hildesheimer’s memory.
But the Advisory Commission’s statement last week said it detected no “serious will” on the part of the foundation to raise the €100,000 compensation. The foundation’s continued description of the Guarneri violin as “an instrument of understanding” on its website is “particularly inappropriate,” the panel said, given its refusal to pay the heirs.
The foundation’s president, Fabian Kern, declined an interview request, but issued a statement saying that the foundation had “undertaken countless efforts over several years to implement the commission’s recommendation.”
David Sand, Hildesheimer’s California-based grandson, said in a telephone interview that the family had been “very accommodating, and even offered the foundation assistance with fund-raising in emails back and forth over the last four years.”
“If the commission can be defied with no consequences, I don’t see how these cases can be dealt with in future,” he added.
Papier, the committee chairman, said he hoped the panel’s decision to tell the media about the foundation’s noncompliance would raise awareness among lawmakers and the public of the issues at stake. While the Hagemann Foundation is a private entity, it has close connections with the Nuremberg University of Music, which is owned by the German state of Bavaria, he said.
He said he has already sought support from the Bavarian government, “but in the end nothing happened. Perhaps some political pressure will arise to ensure that this settlement, which was viewed by all involved as fair and just, is finally implemented.”
But a spokeswoman for Bavaria’s Culture Ministry said it was “up to the private foundation to address the recommendations of the Advisory Commission. The state of Bavaria has no legal basis to influence private owners.”
A spokesman for Germany’s federal Culture Ministry echoed these sentiments. The ministry has “no tools available to compel a private foundation to implement a recommendation by the commission,” he said.
All this leaves the commission “standing high and dry,” said Stephan Klingen, an art historian at the Central Institute for Art History in Munich.
“The commission’s only options are to hope that politicians somehow get them out of this mess, or to resign en masse,” Klingen said. “This puts the commission’s future on a knife edge. If there is no political support, then German restitution policy has reached the end of the line.”
“If heirs can’t have faith in the implementation of the commission’s recommendations,” he added, “then why would they take their cases to it?” | <urn:uuid:6964356d-13cb-4cf7-acbd-9a2b8b0b1882> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://scoopsky.com/rare-violin-tests-germanys-commitment-to-atone-for-its-nazi-past/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.967465 | 1,698 | 2.609375 | 3 |
by Joseph Mangano and Janette Sherman, M.D.
The myth that Fukushima radiation levels were too low to harm humans persists a year after the meltdown. A March 2, 2012, New York Times article quoted Vanderbilt University professor John Boice: “There’s no opportunity for conducting epidemiological studies that have any chance for success – the doses are just too low.” Wolfgang Weiss of the U.N. Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation also recently said doses observed in screening of Japanese people “are very low.”
Views like these are political, not scientific, virtually identical to what the nuclear industry cheerleaders claim. Nuclear Energy Institute spokesperson Tony Pietrangelo issued a statement in June that “no health effects are expected among the Japanese people as a result of the events at Fukushima.”
In their haste to choke off all consideration of harm from Fukushima radiation, nuclear plant owners and their willing dupes in the scientific community built a castle against invaders – those open-minded researchers who would first conduct objective research BEFORE rushing to judgment. The pro-nuclear chants of “no harm” and “no studies needed” are intended to be permanent, as part of damage control created by a dangerous technology that has produced yet another catastrophe.
But just one year after Fukushima, the “no harm” mantra is now being crowded by evidence – evidence to the contrary.
First, estimates of releases have soared. The first reports issued by the Japanese government stated that emissions equaled 10 percent of 1986 Chernobyl emissions. A few weeks later, they doubled that estimate to 20 percent. By October 2011, an article in the journal Nature estimated Fukushima emissions to be more than double that of Chernobyl. How anyone, let alone scientists, could call Fukushima doses “too low” to cause harm in the face of this evidence is astounding.
By October 2011, an article in the journal Nature estimated Fukushima emissions to be more than double that of Chernobyl. How anyone, let alone scientists, could call Fukushima doses “too low” to cause harm in the face of this evidence is astounding.
Where did the radioactive particles and gases go? Officials from national meteorological agencies in countries like France and Austria followed the plume and made colorful maps available on the internet. Within six days of the meltdowns, the plume had reached the U.S. and, within 18 days, it had circled the Northern Hemisphere.
How much radiation entered the U.S. environment? A July 2011 journal article by officials at Pacific Northwest National Lab in Eastern Washington state measured airborne radioactive Xenon-133 up to 40,000 times greater than normal in the weeks following the fallout. Xenon-133 is a gas that travels rapidly and does not enter the body but signals that other, more dangerous types of radioactive chemicals will follow.
A February 2012 journal article by the U.S. Geological Survey looked at radioactive Iodine-131 that entered soil from rainfall, and found levels hundreds of times above normal in places like Portland, Ore., Fresno, Calif., and Denver, Colo. The same places also had the highest levels of Cesium-134 and Cesium-137 in the U.S. While elevated radiation levels were found in all parts of the country, it appears that the West Coast and Rocky Mountain states received the greatest amounts of Fukushima fallout.
Radiation in rainfall guarantees that humans will ingest a poisonous mix of chemicals. The rain enters reservoirs of drinking water, pastures where milk-giving cows graze, the soil of produce farms, and other sources of food and water.
Finally, how many people were harmed by Fukushima in the short term? Official studies have chipped away at the oft-repeated claim that nobody died from Fukushima. Last month brought the news that 573 deaths in the area near the stricken reactors were certified by coroners as related to the nuclear crisis, with dozens more deaths to be reviewed. Another survey showed that births near Fukushima declined 25 percent in the three months following the meltdowns. One physician speculated that many women chose to deliver away from Fukushima, but an increase in stillbirths remains as a potential factor. In British Columbia, the number of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome deaths was 10 in the first three months after Fukushima, up from just one a year before.
How many people were harmed by Fukushima in the short term? Last month brought the news that 573 deaths in the area near the stricken reactors were certified by coroners as related to the nuclear crisis.
On Dec. 19, 2011, we announced the publication of the first peer-reviewed scientific journal article examining potential health risks after Fukushima. In the 14-week period March 20-June 25, 2011, there was an increase in deaths reported to the Centers for Disease Control by 122 U.S. cities. If final statistics – not available until late 2014 – confirm this trend, about 14,000 “excess” deaths occurred among Americans in this period.
We made no statement that only Fukushima fallout caused these patterns. But we found some red flags: Infants had the greatest excess – infants are most susceptible to radiation – and a similar increase occurred in the U.S. in the months following Chernobyl. Our study reinforced Fukushima health hazard concerns, and we hope to spur others to engage in research on both short-term and long-term effects.
For years, the assumption that low-dose radiation doesn’t harm people has been used, only to fall flat on its face every time. X-rays to abdomens of pregnant women, exposure to atom bomb fallout and exposures to nuclear weapons workers were all once presumed to be harmless due to low dose levels – until scientific studies proved otherwise. Officials have dropped their assumptions on these types of exposures but continue to claim that Fukushima was harmless.
Simply dismissing needed research on Fukushima health consequences because doses are “too low” is irresponsible and contradictory to many scientific studies.
Simply dismissing needed research on Fukushima health consequences because doses are “too low” is irresponsible and contradictory to many scientific studies. There will most certainly be a fight over Fukushima health studies, much like there was after Chernobyl and Three Mile Island. However, we hope that the dialogue will be open minded and will use evidence over assumptions, rather than just scoffing at what may well turn out to be the worst nuclear disaster in history.
Joseph Mangano is an epidemiologist and executive director of the Radiation and Public Health Project. Janette D. Sherman, M.D., a physician, toxicologist and author, concentrating on chemicals and nuclear radiation that cause cancer and birth defects, is consulting editor for “Chernobyl: Consequences of the Catastrophe for People and Nature,” a comprehensive presentation of all the available information concerning the health and environmental effects of the low dose radioactive contaminants. Originally published by the New York Academy of Sciences in 2009 for $150, she has had it republished for wide distribution at only $10. See http://janettesherman.com/books/. Dr. Sherman has worked in radiation and biologic research at the University of California nuclear facility and at the U.S. Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory at the Hunters Point Shipyard in San Francisco. Her primary interest is the prevention of illness through public education and patient awareness. She can be reached at www.janettesherman.com. This story first appeared on CounterPunch.
“I have made myself a test subject to uncover the government’s lies,” explains Emiko Numauchi, whose hair and teeth are falling out, yet she stays in her home 15 miles from Fukushima, just outside the 12-mile evacuation zone. – Video: Al Jazeera | <urn:uuid:bbea358f-5b73-406c-a5f5-4a2c82c1919d> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://sfbayview.com/2012/03/the-dangerous-myths-of-fukushima-exposing-the-no-harm-mantra/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.953913 | 1,588 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Arsenic trioxide, also known as white arsenic, arsenic(III) oxide, or arsenious oxide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is As2O3. It has arsenic and oxide ions in it. The arsenic is in its +3 oxidation state.
Arsenic trioxide is a white solid. It dissolves in water to make an acidic solution of arsenious acid. It dissolves easily in bases to make arsenites. It reacts with concentrated hydrochloric acid to make arsenic trichloride. It reacts with very strong oxidizing agents to make arsenic pentoxide. It reacts with reducing agents to make arsenic or arsine. It sublimes much easier than metal oxides, making it easy to separate by heating the mixture.
Occurrence and preparation change
Arsenic trioxide is rarely found as a mineral. It is normally made from orpiment or realgar, arsenic sulfide minerals. About 50,000 tons of arsenic trioxide are made each year. Arsenic trioxide is made by burning arsenic in air, reacting arsenic with concentrated sulfuric acid, or the roasting of arsenic sulfide ores.
It is used to make elemental arsenic. It was used as a pigment (in Paris green) and as a wood preservative but was banned in many countries because it is so toxic. Arsenic trioxide is used to fight cancer.
Arsenic trioxide is highly toxic when eaten. It also can be toxic if on the skin for long amounts of time. It affects the digestive system when eaten. Workers exposed to arsenic trioxide fumes in their job can be poisoned as well. | <urn:uuid:1c319fca-a04d-4da9-94d7-b77e8d5ab2bc> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsenic_trioxide | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.945903 | 339 | 3.578125 | 4 |
Never Doubt Thomas: The Catholic Aquinas as Evangelical and Protestant (Baylor University Press, 2019).
From the publisher’s website:
Theologian, philosopher, teacher. There are few religious figures more Catholic than Saint Thomas Aquinas, a man credited with helping to shape Catholicism of the second millennium. In Never Doubt Thomas, Francis J. Beckwith employs his own spiritual journey from Catholicism to Evangelicalism and then back to Catholicism to reveal the signal importance of Aquinas not only for Catholics but also for Protestants.
Beckwith begins by outlining Aquinas’ history and philosophy, noting misconceptions and inaccurate caricatures of Thomist traditions. He explores the legitimacy of a “Protestant” Aquinas by examining Aquinas’ views on natural law and natural theology in light of several Protestant critiques. Not only did Aquinas’ presentation of natural law assume some of the very inadequacies Protestant critics have leveled against it, Aquinas did not, as is often supposed, believe that one must first prove God’s existence through human reasoning before having faith in God. Rather, Aquinas held that one may know God through reason and employ it to understand more fully the truths of faith. Beckwith also uses Aquinas’ preambles of faith—what a person can know about God before fully believing in Him—to argue for a pluralist Aquinas, explaining how followers of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam can all worship the same God, yet adhere to different faiths
Beckwith turns to Aquinas’ doctrine of creation to question theories of Intelligent Design, before, finally, coming to the heart of the matter: in what sense can Aquinas be considered an Evangelical? Aquinas’ views on justification are often depicted by some Evangelicals as discontinuous with those articulated in the Council of Trent. Beckwith counters this assessment, revealing not only that Aquinas’ doctrine fully aligns with the tenets laid out by the Council, but also that this doctrine is more Evangelical than critics care to admit.
Beckwith’s careful reading makes it hard to doubt that Thomas Aquinas is a theologian, philosopher, and teacher for the universal church—Catholic, Protestant, and Evangelical.
Praise for Never Doubt Thomas:
Never Doubt Thomas is a lucid and helpful application of Aquinas’ thought to contemporary issues of concern to both Catholics and Protestants.
~Edward Feser, Associate Professor of Philosophy, Pasadena City College
Never Doubt Thomas embodies the kind of engaged living Thomism that Pope Leo saw as essential for the life of the Church and for Christian philosophy in our own era. Professor Beckwith engages key questions with intelligence, serenity, clarity, and purpose. Consequently, we stand in Professor Beckwith’s debt for producing a short but illustrative work of Christian philosophy.
~Fr. Thomas Joseph White, OP, Director, Thomistic Institute, Angelicum, Rome
Francis Beckwith demonstrates that Thomas Aquinas is both a fine example of clear thinking and a first-rate source for constructive reflection on some of today’s most pressing moral and theological issues.
~Carl R. Trueman, Professor of Biblical and Religious Studies, Grove City College | <urn:uuid:f72fd902-aad6-4f94-bd0b-d194b58dd8c3> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://sites.baylor.edu/francisbeckwith/new-book-never-doubt-thomas/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.916987 | 664 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Are you a proud piggy parent and wondering if that cute little sneeze is something you should be concerned about? Is guinea pig sneezing normal?
Well, you came to the right place.
It’s completely normal to be concerned when our furry companions display unusual behaviors. While sneezing is a common phenomenon among guinea pigs, it’s essential to determine whether it’s normal behavior or a sign of an underlying problem.
Excessive sneezing is not normal behavior.
However, it's not uncommon for a guinea pig to release an occasional sneeze from time to time, just like humans do.
Common Causes of Frequent Sneezing
These adorable little creatures are generally known for their squeaks, wheeks, and chirps, but excessive or frequent sneezing should sound the alarms. Ranging from minor irritations to serious health issues, several factors can cause your furry friend's sudden bouts of sneezing.
Anything more than a rare 'achoo', may be a sign of potentially serious health concerns, especially if a sudden nasal symphony is coming from your piggy. Guinea pigs have delicate respiratory systems, and any signs of respiratory distress, such as sneezing, should be taken seriously. Here are some concerns associated with consistent sneezing:
Respiratory infections are common in guinea pigs and can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. These infections can lead to sneezing, nasal discharge, labored breathing, and wheezing.
Pneumonia in guinea pigs can result from bacterial or viral infections. It can cause severe respiratory distress, coughing, labored breathing, and frequent sneezing.
Illnesses in cavies can develop suddenly and progress very quickly. Pneumonia and bacterial infections require a fast trip to your vet and, likely, prescribed antibiotics.
Guinea pigs may exhibit sensitivity to various environmental allergens, such as cleaning products, fragrances, and dust. Individual guinea pigs may vary in their susceptibility to allergic reactions, making it crucial to remain vigilant for symptoms. Allergic responses can manifest as sneezing, a runny nose, and other respiratory issues in these adorable creatures.
If you observe frequent sneezing, labored breathing, nasal discharge, wheezing, or any other unusual symptoms, it is critical to seek veterinary advice. A professional can properly diagnose the cause of the sneezing and provide appropriate treatment to ensure your guinea pig's health and well-being.
Common Causes of an Occasional Sneeze
It's true for many paw parents that even the occasional sneeze from our precious furry friend can feel quite concerning. Fortunately, infrequent sneezes do not necessarily indicate an underlying concern.
In fact, there are common causes of occasional sneezing among guinea pigs that are completely benign. The good news is, as indicated below, we can often make simple changes to help eliminate these factors:
Guinea pigs are sensitive to dust, pollen, and other airborne particles. These irritants can trigger a sneeze or two as the cavies' respiratory system tries to expel them. By ensuring a clean and well-ventilated living environment for your guinea pig, you can minimize exposure to these irritants.
Hays and Bedding:
Hay is an essential part of a guinea pig's diet and provides necessary fiber. However, some varieties may be dusty or contain allergens that can lead to occasional sneezing. Similarly, certain types of bedding materials may also cause irritation in some guinea pigs.
It's important to always monitor our pets, especially for any signs of discomfort. Choosing high-quality hay and bedding helps reduce the spread of dust and allergens that can lead to respiratory concerns.
On the hunt for top-quality piggy-approved bedding? We found the freshest-scented, 100% all natural bedding that you and your cuties are sure to love! Try out our new Rose White Paper Bedding
99% dust-free to help maintain a clean and hygienic habitat, keeping your furry companions in full comfort. Made with real rose buds, Rose White Paper Bedding embraces the purity of nature and is completely free from any artificial additives, dyes, or irritants, ensuring a safe and gentle environment for your beloved companion.
In the end, while the occasional sneeze from your guinea pig might be harmless and normal, consistent and excessive sneezing is a signal that something serious and time-sensitive could be amiss.
As responsible pet owners, it's our duty to pay close attention to our guinea pigs' behavior and health, ensuring they live happy and healthy lives.
If ever in doubt, always seek the advice of a veterinarian to provide your furry friend with the best care possible and many hoppy wheeks ahead!
We are not veterinarians, and none of our information should be construed as veterinary advice.
Before adding any new product, please consult your exotic veterinarian. If your pet is acting unwell and you have concerns for their well being, please contact your vet immediately. | <urn:uuid:01c663fa-ca79-45aa-92f1-d13a7353f6d0> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://smallpetselect.com/is-guinea-pig-sneezing-normal/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.915081 | 1,068 | 2.9375 | 3 |
In Nursery the children learn through play. It is a free flow environment; children can go inside or outside as they wish. There is a morning and afternoon session. Most children come for one or the other though some, entitled to 30 hours provision according to government guidelines, stay all day.
There are two carpet sessions where the children learn nursery rhymes, number songs and share lots of stories. We want children to know stories so well that they see themselves as readers!
The Nursery is set up to entice the children to learn and ignite interests. There are different areas for the children to investigate and explore.
The aim is to create independent learners that can help themselves to resources needed to fulfil a task, learn resilience when something does not go well and give them the tools necessary to self regulate.
Nursery is a wonderful time for our children, we love to see them smiling, laughing and learning! | <urn:uuid:c6304a32-6041-43b1-aba8-5748225680a7> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://staugustines.lewisham.sch.uk/classes/nursery/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.961043 | 187 | 2.71875 | 3 |
How to Prepare for an EPA Visit
Local councils and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are out inspecting Australian workplaces, farms, homes and building sites for pollution. In this article we’re looking at environmental compliance, your duty of care obligations and what could happen to you in the event of a breach. Lastly, find out how you can prepare for an environmental compliance inspection and avoid fines.
Is Environmental Compliance Important?
Yes, environmental compliance is extremely important. The EPA partners with business, government and the community in their efforts to regulate the environment. It’s not just businesses being targeted either – individuals are being held increasingly accountable for environmental compliance. Individuals can be prosecuted under criminal law for environmental breaches, and in extreme cases, could receive up to 7 years’ imprisonment and a $1,000,000 fine.
Your Environmental Duty of Care Obligations
Businesses conducting activities where there is a spill risk must have sufficient and appropriate spill control and response equipment in place. Each state and territory has its own environmental protection legislation and regulators. The common thread through these various jurisdictions is the duty of care principle. This states that a person must not carry out any activity that causes, or is likely to cause, environmental harm unless the person takes all reasonable and practicable measures to prevent or minimise the harm. Basically, you must take every reasonable step to avoid a spill and prevent it from harming the environment.
If these reasonable steps are not taken, it constitutes an offence against the Protection of the Environment Operation Act. According to Section 116 of the Act, an offence could be:
(1) If a person wilfully or negligently causes any substance to leak, spill or otherwise escape (whether or not from a container) in a manner that harms or is likely to harm the environment:
(a) the person, and
(b) if the person is not the owner of the substance, the owner are each guilty of an offence.
Environmental Compliance Breaches
Those found to be in breach are likely to face some or all of the below:
- Formal warnings
- Licence conditions
- Notices and directions
- Mandatory audits
- Legally binding pollution reduction programs
- Enforceable undertakings
- Criminal prosecution
In extreme cases, wilful or negligent disposal of waste into the environment can result in the below maximum penalties:
- Maximum penalty for an individual:
- $1,000,000 and/or 7-year prison sentence for wilful offences
- $500,000 and/or 4-year prison sentence for negligent offences
- Maximum penalty for a corporation:
- $5,000,000 for wilful offences
- $2,000,000 for negligent offences
Real Life Business Pollution Fines
Below are some real life examples of businesses caught polluting. Note that fines aren’t the only punishment – offending companies are named and shamed, hurting business through reputational damage. We’re just using these examples to illustrate our point, so we’ve removed organisation names.
|August 2021||VIC||Sewage Spill into River||Dairy Farm||$1,983|
|January 2019||NSW||Stormwater Pollution||Painting Company||$8,000|
|December 2017||NSW||Sediment into Creek||Construction Company||$15,000|
|March 2021||NSW||Stormwater Pollution||Concrete Company||$23,000|
|June 2019||SA||Stormwater Pollution||Ship Construction||$26,445|
Proactive Prevention Measures
A proactive approach to environmental compliance is the best way to avoid a fine if you’re investigated. Pollution and contaminants entering stormwater is one of the most common environmental pollution offences. Businesses can mitigate this risk through safe liquid handling process, easily accessible spill kits and absorbents, bunded storage, dispensing equipment and hazardous storage cabinets. All of these solutions can help to prevent stormwater pollution and limit harm in the event of a spill.
With prevention being key, let’s look at some of the other ways you might get a visit:
- Random or periodic inspections can happen at any time
- Tip offs can occur from employees, visitors, or members of the public
- 3rd party detection can prompt investigations to find the source of the pollution
To reiterate, the best way to avoid investigation is to take all necessary steps to mitigate risk and do the right thing.
At Stratex we’ve developed an interactive tool to help you perform your own environmental site audit, which can be completed in as little as 5 minutes. Test it out by clicking the button below. For more information about environmental compliance solutions for your organisation, contact our friendly team on 1300 991 180 or email [email protected]. | <urn:uuid:ee5083d0-1f71-43bb-96d1-2542400b7ddb> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://stratex.com.au/epa-visit-preparation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.903452 | 999 | 2.625 | 3 |
Displacement and position measuring devices
In industry, sensors and devices for measuring displacement and position are widely used to automate many production processes. The main task of such sensors is to track the linear or angular movement of the monitored object and transform the change in its position into an appropriate output signal, convenient for further processing or collection of information. YPMI80-F90-IU-V1 is a very popular type of position or displacement sensor that you can buy for specific purposes.
Sensors are key components of any automated system; they often determine its technical capabilities and scope, quality, and reliability indicators.
Displacement and position measuring device manufacturers
Classification of displacement and position sensors According to the principle of operation, sensors for measuring displacement and position are divided into the following types: Inductive. An inductance coil is placed in the sensor, with the help of which the change in the characteristics of the magnetic field associated with the ingress of a metal object into the working area of the sensor is controlled. Inductive sensors are structurally simple, reliable and inexpensive products.
They work only with metal objects at short distances, usually not exceeding a few centimeters. Capacitive. The movement of the controlled object is monitored by the change in the capacitance of the capacitor when the object enters the area of its air dielectric. They have high sensitivity, are small in size and weight, are distinguished by ease of manufacture, inexpensive cost, durability, and are easily adaptable to new conditions of use.
The sensor includes an emitter and a receiver. An opaque object, falling between the emitter and the receiver, blocks the light beam, which is immediately detected by the receiver and the corresponding signal is sent to the control system. Alternatively, the receiver and emitter can be located inside the same housing. Then a special reflector is used to reflect the light beam. Unlike capacitive and inductive, optical sensors can work at a great distance to the object of interest (up to 100 m).
They are often used as rangefinders to determine the distance to the object under study. In this case, the receiver receives the radiation scattered from the surface of the object.
They are a kind of optical sensors. The laser light contributes to very reliable and stable detection of small parts, even at high travel speeds. Laser sensors are compact and have a convenient adjustment system for the required parameters of objects and operating conditions. In inductive, capacitive, optical, laser devices, there is no direct mechanical contact between the object and the sensor, therefore they are classified as non-contact sensors. This property is important and very useful in the arrangement of automated enterprise systems.
Application area Inductive, capacitive, optical and laser sensors are widely used to automate enterprises in many industries.
The main areas of use for capacitive sensors include:
- Control of the filling of tanks with liquid and bulk materials
- Control of filling of transparent packages on automatic lines
- As part of touch panels and keyboards of industrial equipment
- To perform counting operations
Inductive sensors are in demand in mechanical engineering on a variety of machining centers and machine tools, where they act as end sensors.
Optical and laser sensors are used in:
- On conveyor lines to obtain information about the presence of items
- To determine their quantitative and dimensional characteristics
- Control of the presence of appropriate stickers
- Labels, inscriptions on objects
- Tracking level, transparency, color
- Distance measurement (rangefinders) | <urn:uuid:0b5b2c4a-81ae-499d-b153-928d31ee8467> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://techbehindit.com/general/displacement-and-position-measuring-devices/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.936529 | 718 | 3 | 3 |
Getting to Eden a report from global action network Fishing for a Future, provides a quantitative picture of a future state, Eden, where we are able to sustainably produce enough fish and equitably distribute the benefits.
The key Eden report findings suggest that there are three pathways to close the deficit: (1) maximize sustainable yields from fisheries which will contribute approximately 8 million metric tons more than current levels, (2) reduce waste and loss along the value system which will contribute approximately 15 million metric tons and (3) sustainably and equitably increase aquaculture production which will contribute approximately 39 million metric tons.
Getting to Eden says that failure to address issues such as post harvest losses, illegal and unreported fishing and ineffective governance will mean a fish food system characterized by further decimation of fish stocks and environmental and sustainability problems growing unchecked.
More than one billion people obtain most of their animal protein from fish and approximately 800 million people depend on fisheries and aquaculture for their livelihoods. Failing fisheries will have a detrimental effect on global food security and the livelihoods of many of the world’s most vulnerable people.
Despite the challenges, the report concludes on a positive note saying that a so-called ‘Eden’ scenario, whereby predicted demand for fish is met sustainably, is possible. Collective action is needed to meet the demand, the report says, with industry being called to significantly reduce waste, improve sustainable yields from fisheries and increase aquaculture.
Stephen Hall, Director General, WorldFish: “This is not simply a production challenge. These increases have to be done in ways that ensure fish is affordable and available for all and that the economic and nutritional benefits from the sector are equitably distributed. They must also be done in ways that sustain, and where needed, improve ocean health.”
Andreas Schaffer, Sustainability Director, Earth Observatory of Singapore: “Our analyses show that, despite the challenge, an ‘Eden’ state for the global fish food system is achievable. To get there, however, we must set ourselves on the right path now and pursue it together.”
Aquaculture is identified as the solution to meeting the largest share of the predicted shortfall. In order to do so, the report predicts that aquaculture growth will have to maintain current growth rates of 4.7 per cent be sustainable, commercially viable for small and large scale farmers and equitable in terms of distributing the value created.
Fishing for a Future is an initiative that brings together key stakeholders from government, private sector, international and civil society organizations to identify and assess challenges in the fish food system and identify solutions that can be pursued through collective action. | <urn:uuid:b409d063-b4f8-4535-b9a5-1bdf61e81238> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://thefishsite.com/articles/new-report-finds-more-must-be-done-to-meet-future-fish-demand | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.938572 | 551 | 3 | 3 |
The series of mountain trials, completed on 5 October 1944, would undoubtedly have contributed much to helicopter development under other circumstances. Oberst Kraitmeyer had been delighted with the results achieved, enthusiastically recommending a final series of evaluation trials before adoption of the Drache as a general-purpose transport for the mountain troops. Meanwhile, however, the Laupheim factory had, as previously related, been destroyed by bombing, a factor which obviously changed the situation. Nevertheless., the order issued by the RLM on 11 October 1944, forbidding the further testing of the Fa 223 and seconding Focke Achgelis personnel to Messerschmitt was scarcely expected.
Characteristic of the confusion that now permeated Berlin was the extraordinary volte-face performed within weeks by the RLM which not only sanctioned a resumption of flight testing, but ordered the Focke Achgelis organisation to reassemble at Berlin’s Tempelhof Airport and prepare to manufacture the Fa 223 at a rate of 400 per month! Such an order was totally unrealistic at the stage reached in the European conflict-apart from the lack of sufficient machines jigs, tools and materials, such prodigious production would have demanded a labour force equivalent to the populace of a medium-sized town to undertake the work.
At this time, only five airworthy Fa 223E-0 helicopters remained, the V11 not having been rebuilt and the V12 having been lost while attempting a mountain rescue. The helicopter had been flown to the Mont Blanc after a long cross-country flight from Germany to rescue 17 people trapped in snow on the mountain. During the attempted rescue, a mechanical link failed, resulting in a rotor disintegrating, and although the Drache touched down on its wheels, it was hurled against an embankment and destroyed, its crew losing their lives. It was this same helicopter that SS-Hauptsturmführer Otto Skorzeny had proposed to use to rescue Benito Mussolini from imprisonment in the hotel at the peak of the Gran Sasso Massif in the Abruzzi Molise in September 1943, the Fa 223E V12 becoming unserviceable at the last moment and, with no other helicopter available, use of an Fi 156 Storch was necessitated.
Three of the remaining five Drache helicopters were now issued to the first and only true Luftwaffe helicopter squadron, Transportstaffel 40 activated early in 1945 at Mühldorf, Bavaria, under the command of Hauptmann Josef Stangl, the other two Fa 223E-0s being retained by Focke Achgelis for development purposes. The Staffel was equipped with a mix of Fa 223s and FI 282s, and soon transferred for working up to Ainring, west of Salzburg and close to the German-Austrian border.
While Transportstaffel 40 was working up at Ainring, Focke Achgelis had succeeded in resuming production of the Drache at its new facilities at Tempelhof, and the first new Fa 223E-0 (Werk-Nr 00051), coded GW+PA, had been accepted by the Luftwaffe and immediately assigned by special “Order of the Führer ” 25 February 1945 to fly to Danzig on the night of 25 February 1945. In the event, the helicopter could not take-off until 0800 hours on the next day owing to necessary maintenance. Crewed by Ltn Gerstenhauer, Meister Möller and Feldwebel Friedrichs, the helicopter took-off from Tempelhof for Würzburg – although this was in virtually the opposite direction to Danzig and the reason for the detour being unrecorded but the crew lost its bearings in a storm over the Schwäbischen Alb region landing the helicopter at Crailsheim
The Fa 223 took-off again and, 30 min later, landed at Würzburg-Giebelstadt. A heavy bombing attack by the 8th Air Force on the previous day had destroyed all fuel stocks, however, and despite inclement weather, the helicopter forced to take-off once more and fly to Würzburg at an average altitude of 330 ft (100 m). Refuelled, the Fa 223 took-off yet again, flying via the Werra Valley, despite winds gusting up to 50 mph (80 km/h), to Meiningen, where it arrived after having flown a total distance of 179 miles (288 km) in three hours and five minutes.
At 0835 hours on the next day, the helicopter continued along the Werra Valley to Werder, landing en route at Erfurt and Kölleda, in continued bad weather, with a cloud barely higher than 650 ft (200 m) and strong winds. On this second day, a distance of 196 miles (315 km) was flown in two hours and 53 minutes. The next morning, at 0745 hours, the Fa 223 took-off in the direction of Stettin-Altdamm, but due to the proximity of the frontline this course could not be kept and the helicopter was therefore flown towards Prenzlau and thence along the line of the Autobahn to Stettin, deteriorating weather making it impossible to continue. Take-off on 3 March was once again 0745 hours, Ltn Gerstenhauer and his crew landing at Stolp-Reitz and then transferring to Stolp-West to refuel. With the distance flown on the previous day the Fa 223 had now accumulated a further 230 miles (370 km) in 2 hours 35 minutes. Here the crew was informed of the purpose of the mission. From a sports field near the front line at Graudenz the helicopter was supposed to fly out three prisoners. These prisoners belonged to the so-called Seydlitz Army, a battle group of former German soldiers who now fought alongside the Red Army.
Further progress was impossible owing to the weather, but on 5 March, the situation on the ground had become so serious that Stolp-West had to be abandoned, the helicopter taking off at 1330 hours for Stolp-Reitz and from there flying direct to Danzig-Praust. Fulfilment of the helicopter’s assignment to fly into the centre of Danzig was no longer possible owing to a renewed Soviet offensive in the area. Ltn Gerstenhauer had therefore to await fresh orders. In the meantime, however, the Fa 223 was to prove its worth in the search-and-rescue mission. A pilot of 1./NAG 4 had lost his bearings in a heavy snowstorm and had force-landed. The helicopter took-off and located the Bf 109 near the village of Goschin. The wounded pilot, Ltn Schadewitz was still in the cockpit and was immediately flown back to base by the Fa 223.
Danzig-Praust now had to be evacuated and the Fa 223 therefore took-off for Gotenhafen-Hexengrund. Here orders arrived from Luftflotte HQ for the helicopter to return to Werder, but no fuel was allocated for the flight. Meanwhile, all airfields between Gotenhafen and Swinemünde had either been blown up or occupied by the enemy. Ltn Gerstenhauer finally succeeded in finding some fuel and decided to take on board an extra 44 Imp gal (2001) drum plus a hand pump to transfer the contents of the drum to the main tank in flight. The helicopter finally took-off once more on 9 March, flew westwards along the Baltic coastline and landed at Garz. Bad weather delayed the start of the final phase of the journey until 0712 hours on 1 March, the Fa 223 eventually reaching Werder at 0840 hours. During this – for a helicopter – epic journey under the most adverse conditions, the Fa 223 had covered a total of 1,041 miles (1 675 km) in a total flying time of 16 hours 25 minutes; a feat that underlined the remarkable reliability and operational capability that had been achieved by the Focke Achgelis helicopter.
The Transportstaffel 40 had remained at Ainring meantime, but late in April it was transferred eastwards with three Fa 223s and five Fl 282s to Aigen in Styria (Austria). The unit was supposedly to have operated in the Alpenfestung as part of the Lw. Div. Nordalpen (as the Lw. Kdo. West had been redesignated), tasked with artillery observation, transport and liaison duties in the northern Alps. As the Aigen-im-Ennstal airfield was choked with the surviving Bf 109s of JG 27, JG 53, JG 300 and NAG 13, the Transportstaffel 40 was allocated a landing ground outside Aigen, near Putterersee, the crews and ground personnel being accommodated in lakeside cabins.
The advance of the US 80th Infantry Division over the Pyhrn Pass in the direction of Liezen early in May forced the Staffel to retire westwards along the River Enns to Radstadt at the foot of the High Alps. From here, Hauptmann Stangl tried to get back across the German border to Ainring, only to be taken prisoner by US forces near Salzburg. Only two Fa 223s succeeded in reaching Ainring, these being the V14 and Werk- Nr 00051 of Danzig flight fame, the third Fa 223 of the Staffel being destroyed by its pilot. At Ainring, the two Fa 223s were captured by the US forces. | <urn:uuid:52727c8e-c89c-4343-9c6b-78d12a5ac574> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://thehistoryfiles.com/transportstaffel-40/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.963201 | 1,991 | 2.96875 | 3 |
AV & Presentation | Viewpoint
9 Tips for Developing Classroom AV Requirements
Defining appropriate room characteristics can simplify classroom design and improve the chances of its success as a teaching and learning space.
Planning a new classroom--whether it be a tiered, 65-person classroom with fixed seating, a flat floor space with movable furniture to accommodate 35 students, or any other configuration--need not be difficult at all, if you can define the appropriate room characteristics.
There are several considerations that make up the underpinning of a thorough planning process for AV-equipped facilities, some that may seem obvious but may be overlooked, such as articulating the purpose of the room, and some that may require deep technical expertise or teaching experience to answer.
Key Purpose Of The Room
Often times, the most vexing questions about which capabilities should be provided have little to do with technology and revolve around trying to answer a more basic question: How will the room be used?
- How many students must be accommodated?
- Should the furniture be reconfigurable?
- Will learning activities be didactic (teacher lecturing student); interactive (among students and teacher); or collaborative (students working within small workgroups)?
One of the key drivers in designing great classrooms is being able to envision how the front of the room should be configured to support instructional activities.
In most classrooms, some type of furniture is located at the front of the room to support the instructor. This furniture may include:
- A instructor's table, typically used as an instructor's home base during classroom sessions. The table may serve as a surface on which to place notes, student handouts, or collected assignments, and it's often a place for an instructor to sit.
- Podium (lectern), a presentation platform, that may have integrated into it a computer, monitor, keyboard, AV control panel, document camera, DVD, etc.
It would not be uncommon to provide both a table and a podium in a classroom. The location of this furniture and its fixed or movable characteristics must also be determined.
In many classrooms, the front of the room becomes the focal point for the presentation of various types of visual materials. Virtually all classrooms have some kind of writing surface at the front of the space and, often, a projection screen as well. (Keep in mind that the remaining walls of a space should also be considered as presentation surfaces.)
The juxtaposition of writing and project surfaces is critical and requires an understanding of how instructors are likely to teach.
- How much writing surface is needed? Should writing surfaces raise and lower?
- How many projection screens should be installed?
- What is the requirement for simultaneous viewing of writing and projection surfaces?
- If planners want to use interactive whiteboards, should they be installed or portable?
Once consensus about these basic questions is achieved, the needs for presentation technology can be addressed. Some technologies should be integrated and fixed. Others should be accommodated on a portable basis. Infrastructure provision for the widest array of devices should be made, even though a portion of the equipment may not be purchased initially.
There are several ways to display video images:
- Front projection typically using a ceiling-mounted, electric, roll-down projection screen and one or more projectors, either ceiling-mounted, or located at the rear of the room;
- Rear projection;
- Flat panel display;
- Interactive whiteboard technology.
The size and location of these displays is critical to the overall design of the orientation and architecture of a room.
Room audio systems include the following elements:
- Voice amplification of a presenter using either a fixed or lavalier microphone. Ceiling-mounted speakers are typically used for voice amplification.
- Program sound, the amplification of the soundtrack of a video, Web site, CD or MP3 track, etc. Front, wall-mounted speakers are typically used for stereo program sound.
- Audience participation, microphones utilized by students, typically in larger rooms, to enable the amplification of students' questions and comments. Audience participation also is used in distance learning applications to allow all participants to be heard at the remote location(s).
- Audio sources, can be varied and include:
- audio tracks from a DVD player;
- computer audio from the Web, local or networked programs, or media clips;
- portable mp3 players;
- audio and video teleconferences.
- Audio Recording, may be a requirement.
Flat-panel displays or video projectors provide the display mechanism for a variety of different video sources:
- Room-dedicated personal computer. In most cases, this would be a desktop computer integrated into the furniture within the room.
- Portable notebook computer, provided by the instructor.
- DVD player.
- VCR player (still commonly used).
- Portable personal video device (iPod, for example).
There's a variety of motivations to originate video from learning spaces:
- Distance learning applications;
- Live Webcasting;
- Distribution to overflow audiences in adjacent rooms;
- Archiving for future on demand download;
- Production of for profit, commercially distributed content.
These requirements should be identified in order to determine the type, number, and quality of video cameras that should be furnished around the room and to determine the sophistication of the control, monitoring, and recording systems that are needed.
As classroom presentation systems become more complex, the need to control the increasing large number of devices can become overwhelming. The control system is perhaps the most critical element in achieving a successful (usable) AV capability.
The following issues should be examined:
- Where should the controls be located?
- Should the controls be presenter-centric, allow for manipulation by tech support personnel, or both?
- How complex or simple should the control interface be? (Touch panel, buttons, etc.)
- Should controls be fixed or portable?
Also at issue in overall planning are considerations related to how any given learning space will be integrated with the intra-building or overall campus multimedia network, as both a source and a destination. This can be an important planning issue, as space must be provided for a technical support area, often referred to as a Central Media Head End.
The planning process is somewhat easier if an institution has developed a set of standards for classroom presentation technology. However, even if such standards do exist, user group(s) comprising faculty who will be teaching in the new classrooms should be urged to provide their input and, perhaps even more importantly, kept abreast of the planning process in order to properly set expectations.
Michael David Leiboff is the founder of EdTech Planning Group. He has more than 30 years of experience and has been involved in the planning and implementation of hundreds of advanced technology learning spaces. He can be reached at 914-401-4172 or at [email protected]. | <urn:uuid:14e7136d-2f9d-45ad-b494-8890de473b21> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://thejournal.com/articles/2010/07/28/9-tips-for-developing-classroom-av-requirements.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.925153 | 1,424 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Dust mites are your tiny roommates that can inconvenience your day by causing allergic reactions. They feed on the dead skin that humans and other pets/animals shed. Also, dust mites suck moisture from the air for their intake.
It’s difficult to see dust mites without magnification. Nearly 100,000 mites can live in a square meter of a mattress or a carpet. They are often living in carpet, clothing, mattress, and furniture in your home.
Although these mites don’t have eyes, they can easily smell food and sense hormone secretions from other mites. These secretions allow them to communicate with each another.
Habitat – What Attracts Dust Mites?
Dust mites will thrive where the conditions are right. They need a food supply to survive but they also require the temperature and humidity to be suitable for their growth and reproduction.
Your mattress can be home to thousands of mites. This is because your mattress is warmer and moister compared to other areas of your home. Moreover, you shed skin when you sleep, which is a major source of food for these pests.
Dust mites can also make home on your sofas, couches, and other furniture that traps dust. If you have pets at home, their sleeping place is another potential home for mites.
Types of Dust Mites
Life Cycle of Dust Mites
The life cycle of a dust mite consists of five stages:
If the conditions are ideal, a female dust mite can lay up to 3 eggs in a day and a total of 40-80 eggs during its lifespan as an adult. The egg will take around 10 days to hatch.
An adult dust mite can easily live for six to eight weeks, depending upon the conditions and availability of food.
Dust Mite Bite vs Bed Bug Bite
The dust mite is a microscopic pest that’s difficult to see without magnification. Similar to carpet beetles, dust mites don’t bite but can contribute to dust allergens and cause severe allergies in humans.
On the other hand, a bed bug is tiny but visible. It can bite humans and leave specific markings on the skin.
|Dust Mites ||Bed Bugs
|Legs||8 legs (adults)||6 legs (adults)
|Size||0.2mm (require magnification to see)||Tiny but visible to the naked eye
|Food Source||Dead shed skin||Blood from animals and humans
|Bites ||They don’t bite but cause allergic reactions in humans ||Leave small itchy bites
Symptoms of Dust Mite Allergy
Dust mites can cause allergic reactions in humans through airborne feces, skin, and chemicals that these bugs release to communicate with each other. The allergy causes inflammation of nasal passage and can result in the following symptoms.
Symptoms in patients with asthma
In addition to symptoms mentioned above, dust mite allergy can induce some additional symptoms in people suffering from asthma.
- Difficulty in breathing with chest pain
- A whistling or wheezing sound coming from the chest when breathing
- Chest congestion
- Interrupted sleep due to coughing or shortness of breath
Should you see a doctor?
Many symptoms of a dust mite allergy are similar to those of a cold. For example, you have a runny nose and sneezing when you have a cold. These are also initial symptoms of an allergy.
If these symptoms persist, you could have an allergy. Similarly, if the signs are severe, it could indicate that it’s an allergy.
In case of an allergy, you should see your doctor immediately. If sneezing, coughing, or shortening of breath persists, seek urgent medical care.
Your doctor may suggest an allergy skin test or a blood test to diagnose your case.
An allergy skin test is a simple test to determine your reaction to dust mite allergens. An allergy specialist will prick purified allergens onto your skin.
After a few minutes, your doctor will closely observe your skin to see if it reacts to the allergens. If you develop a red bump if you are allergic to dust mites.
Since only a tiny amount of allergens is used for this test, the side effects go away within 30 minutes of being pricked onto your skin.
Dust Mite Prevention Products – Main Categories for Dust Mite Prevention Products
In more serious cases of dust mite bites, some products have claimed to get rid of dust mites using special dust mite prevention products.
But do they really work?
One of the most common dust mite prevention products is a vacuum cleaner. Although it doesn’t kill mites, it does suck in their eggs.
In addition to removing eggs, a vacuum cleaner will get rid of the food that mites eat. With the decline in their food supply, mites will be easy to kill.
Why a regular vacuum cleaner won’t work against dust mites?
When you use a regular unit vacuum, the mites can cling on to cloth fiber and avoid being sucked into the vacuum. Even if your regular vacuum sucks in dust mites and their eggs, it will throw them back out. That would not kill them.
Get one with HEPA filters
A specialized vacuum cleaner for dust mites comes with HEPA filters. These filters will keep the mites and their eggs inside vacuum instead of throwing them out again.
A HEPA filter usually last for up to a year. After that period, you will need to change the filters.
Select the right design
Apart from having a HEPA filter installed, you also need to pay attention to the design of the unit. A vacuum cleaner should be properly sealed from all sides to prevent dust particles from escaping.
Have you heard about UV vacuum cleaners?
Some modern anti-dust mite vacuum cleaners are UV equipped. It makes them more effective as UV radiation will wipe out the allergens such as droppings of mites. These droppings contain enzymes that cause dust allergy.
Ideally, you should steam clean in addition to vacuuming. While the vacuum will remove the eggs and the food, a steam cleaner will kill the bugs and mites.
Like bed bug sprays, anti-dust mite sprays are another product that can help you get rid of dust mites and allergies from your home. They can be used on carpets, bedding, mattresses, curtains, and upholstered furniture.
How do they work?
Anti-allergen sprays work in two ways. Firstly, they kill mites using their acidic ingredients. Secondly, they mask the allergens so that your immune system won’t respond to the allergen as a ‘trigger’ to allergy.
These products help you keep dust mites numbers in check. They can minimize allergens and kill dust mites to reduce their population.
For continued protection against allergens and mites, you will need to spray every 4-6 months.
Important considerations when buying an anti-dust mite spray
Make sure you buy a spray that is people and pet-friendly. Look for EPA registration to ensure that the product meets minimal environmental protection standards.
Choose a spray with natural ingredients to stay on the safer side. You don’t want to spray aggressive chemicals on your pillow and bed covers. While getting rid of dust allergy, these products can actually give you another set of problems to worry about.
Dust mite mattress and pillow covers are an excellent choice when you want to get rid of dust allergy, dust mites, and bed bugs. It’s a simple, fast, and cost-effective way to minimize the contact with dust particles and mites that colonize in your bedroom. These zippered encasings will cover your mattress, box spring, pillows, and toppers.
How do they work?
This covering works as a barrier, trapping the mites and their eggs inside and refusing them food supply. They will eventually die from lack of food supply.
Dust mite encasings also reduce allergies in your home by trapping allergens just the way they trap the mites and their eggs. They create a barrier between you and the allergens. It will also mean that mite droppings won’t become airborne when you clean your bedding.
It’s one of the most effective steps in making your home allergy-free.
Dust mite allergen detergents should be used in addition to any other prevention product that you use at your home.
These special detergents contain surfactants that will increase the surface tension of the water. As a result, allergens and mites will be dislodged from the fabric, which makes it easy to rinse them away.
Some of these products can contain fragrance or dyes. These can irritate sensitive people so be sure to read the label carefully when buying a detergent to get rid of dust mites.
Home remedies for rash allergies
Allergy Flu Shots: Flu shots vaccinate you against flu and therefore help you reduce the symptoms of dust mite allergy.
Rash Ointment: Use an over-the-counter rash ointment to heal rashes caused by dust mite bites.
Antihistamines: They provide a relief in case of itching and sneezing.
Medication for dust mite allergy: To help relieve sneezing and itching, you can use Allegra or Claritin. For nasal congestion, medicines such as Nasonex and Flonase work wonders.
It’s important to see a doctor before you take any medicine for allergy. Your doctor will diagnose the cause of allergy and prescribe the appropriate medicine accordingly. | <urn:uuid:6191878f-12e7-42e4-a715-8316ae2d8832> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://thepestkillers.com/dust-mite-bites/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.919813 | 2,028 | 3.0625 | 3 |
The Disturbing Colonial History of Pumpkin Spice
Pumpkin spice is all the rage these days. The flavor has become synonymous with fall, and for many people invokes the joy of the changing seasons.
What most people don’t realize, though, is that there’s a dark colonial past behind this seemingly modern, carefree flavor.
It includes slavery, corruption, and genocide. You may never look at a pumpkin spice coffee the same way again.
The Origins of Pumpkin Spice
The concept of “pumpkin spice” as a flavor dates back to 1934.
Companies were beginning to sell canned pumpkin purée, and spice giant McCormick decided to get in on the action by releasing a spice blend specifically for use in pumpkin pie.
Really, though, the origins of what we call “pumpkin spice” go back way further.
Pumpkin spice is typically a blend of nutmeg, cinnamon, and cloves. The first known mention of the blend dates to The Compleat Cook, a 1671 English cookbook that likely inspired America’s early pumpkin recipes. In its recipes for “Pompkin pie,” the book calls for “Cinamon Nutmeg, Pepper, and six Cloves” to season the pie.
Where did the book’s English author get the idea for that warm, autumnal blend? The idea probably comes from speculaas, a Dutch spice blend that dates to even earlier in the 17th century.
But even that isn’t the true origin of the blend. The idea of combining piquant spices into a warming blend isn’t American, English, or Dutch–it’s Southeast Asian.
In India, people have used the spice blend karha–which typically includes nutmeg, cloves, ginger, and cardamom–to flavor masala chai tea since antiquity.
So how did this Southeast Asian spice combo end up in Holland–and ultimately in your 21st-century coffee drink?
It was stolen and brought there by one of the most violent and corrupt colonial entities in history: The Dutch East India Company.
Anything for Spices
The Dutch East India Company was established in 1602 in Holland for one purpose: to exploit the Asian spice trade… | <urn:uuid:d92c8243-399f-401c-aa46-74a2bc515ade> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://tomsmith585.medium.com/the-disturbing-colonial-history-of-pumpkin-spice-fbe62b7e213a?source=read_next_recirc-----c451b6ecfebf----2---------------------c1af7f82_8329_4ef1_a6c6_71df6982fc95------- | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.931495 | 479 | 2.84375 | 3 |
There are millions of insects in the world. Some of them, like the silent destroyers, are harmful to people and their properties, prompting house owners to call a termite control service provider to help eliminate them.
However, there are insects which are quite helpful to the environment. For instance, the black and yellow garden spider is dubbed as the ‘guardian of the garden’ because it helps control the population of pests. Meanwhile, the eastern carpenter bee plays a big role in the pollination process, contributing to the world’s food supply.
The truth is, not all insects are the same. Some are hazardous to your health while others are helpful to you and the environment. Even their appearances are very different from one another. While there are insects that look creepy and dangerous, there are some that are actually cute and colorful. Actually, there are at least seven bugs which are so adorable, no one would think about calling them pests!
Everyone knows that before acquiring magnificent wings, butterflies start as caterpillars. However, not all of them are as cute as this adorable larva of the spicebush swallowtail – an elegant looking black butterfly with stunning blue patterns in its wings. This cute and squishy caterpillar has eyes that deceptively look like that of a snake’s, scaring and confusing predators.
Known for its electric blue color, the damselfly resembles another insect – the dragonfly. How do you differentiate the two? If the insect you spotted is holding its long wings parallel to its body, then it’s the former because a dragonfly usually keeps its wings outstretched when resting. The damselfly is considered as one of the animals with the most incredible and charming eyes.
Hot Neon Hopper Nymph
One of the most colorful insects that you’ll ever encounter is the hot neon hopper nymph. With its amazingly green googly eyes and bright orange body, this cute insect looks like it belongs in an animated movie. The hot neon hopper nymph comes in various colors such as yellow and green.
This type of beetle is sometimes called as rainbow jewel beetle. Why? It’s because this beetle is covered in different colors that glint vividly like oil slick in a puddle. Due to its astonishing appearance, its larger and more colorful types are sought after by collectors. In some Asian countries, their elytra are also used for beetlewing jewelry and decoration. The Jewel beetle belongs to the family Buprestidae – a family of beetles is considered as one of the largest with over 15,000 known species worldwide.
Man-faced bug or Catacanthus incarnatus is a species of true bug. How did it get its name? On the back of this insect, you’ll see a face-like image complete with eyes, mouth, and slicked back hair. However, despite its cool look, man-faced bugs are pretty smelly. This insect can be found in southeast Asia and it comes in four bright colors: red, cream, orange, and yellow.
With its saddle-like green pattern in its dorsal midsection, the saddleback caterpillar is one of the cutest insects you’ll ever see – it looks like a miniature dog that is covered in green, white, and brown! However, despite its adorable appearance, you should be careful with this insect as its spikes are venomous.
Member of the family Membracidae, treehoppers are cute little bugs that come in different shapes and colors. The cutest of them all is probably the Umbonia spinosa – a green treehopper with red lines across its back. Currently, there are at least 3, 200 known species of this type of insect. And although their kind has been thriving for millions of years, each treehopper actually lives for a few months only.
With their adorable shapes and bright colors, it’s no wonder that these seven insects can catch anyone’s attention! Unlike other insects, the bugs on this list will surely leave you astonished with their cuteness. | <urn:uuid:f6d36fbc-65f9-4d6a-9f86-586cb14c52be> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://topbest.ph/blogs/tag/beetles/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.965993 | 838 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Children’s Social Services
Social services is a team of professionals in Leeds City Council who work to keep children and families safe, happy and healthy. The team works with different services like housing and health, co-ordinated by a social worker.
People sometimes worry that if social services get involved in their family, their child will be taken away and put into ‘care’. It is natural to worry, but social services mostly work with the family together, usually in the home. They will only take a child away from a family if there is very clear evidence they are at risk of significant harm and there must be a court order to do this.
You can ask for help from social services yourself, or a professional such as a teacher or GP can ask on your behalf (this is called making a referral). After this, an assessment will be made to find out what your child and your family needs.
Here are some examples of help you may be able to get from children’s social services:
- Supporting the family during a difficult time or with a particular problem
- Supporting parents with physical or learning disability to care for their child
- Supporting children who care for their parents
- Working with families affected by drug or alcohol addiction
- Helping children and adults in the family to find safety if they are at risk of significant harm
The team will try to help as early as possible after the problem starts, to prevent it becoming worse.
Find out more about Children’s Services on the Leeds City Council website:
Support for children with special educational needs or disabilities
Your child may have a special educational need or disability (also called SEND) if they have significant difficulty learning compared to other children of the same age, or a long-term illness or health condition which makes it difficult for them to take part in daily activities.
Leeds has plan (called the Leeds Local Offer) to help children and young people with special educational needs or disabilities. It includes information about what services and support you and your child can get, including:
- schools and colleges
- getting a job
- sport and other activities
- local parent groups
The Leeds Local Offer has a website which tells you more:
You can also find helpful information, including for children aged under 5, on Leeds City Council’s Family Information Service website:
There is more information about what help is available to your child in the What your child’s school can help with section of this website. | <urn:uuid:e297ebe1-0ff7-469f-b271-f2a8e97f8efa> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://transitionguide.org.uk/help-for-children/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.97317 | 513 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Crocodile clips are spring-loaded attachments with serrated edges and small teeth. They are typically made from steel or copper and are also known as alligator clips, plier clips, and battery clamps.
Crocodile clips are principally used to create flexible, temporary or experimental electrical connections in industrial settings or laboratories. For example, this could be between two wires or between an electrical lead and the anode or cathode of a device (i.e. the entrance and exit points of an electrical current).
In addition, crocodile clips are also frequently used in education to demonstrate the function of batteries, bulbs or circuitry. Meanwhile, larger crocodile clips are often used in garages and car maintenance, where they are used with battery chargers and jump leads or for welding operations, where they can also usefully absorb excess heat.
Crocodile clips also have some non-electrical functions – for example, attaching identification badges or entry passes to clothing, assembling models before glue or solder is applied, and for holding dentistry bibs in place. They also have a multitude of additional uses, including everything from suspending models to attaching tent ropes. | <urn:uuid:77bc623d-8263-49e2-a0a0-a0dd39800d70> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://uk.rs-online.com/web/content/discovery/ideas-and-advice/crocodile-clips-guide | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.947575 | 239 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Cynthia Oakley, C.W.A.C.
When the Second World War broke out Canadian women were eager to help, but had few opportunities to do so. Observing that there were more opportunities in England, Torontonian Cynthia Oakley booked a ticket on one of the last ocean liners and found work as a secretary at Canadian Military Headquarters. After her brother Rupert was killed in France at Dieppe, she enlisted in an officers training course and became the first Canadian woman to serve as a staff officer.
By that time the Canadian Government had authorized the creation of the Canadian Women’s Army Corps. While most of the 22,000 women who joined CWAC served in Canada, Oakley was placed in charge of the first female unit to be stationed in mainland Europe. Her unit encompassed seventeen women from across Canada who were trained as wireless operators, stenographers, clerks, and switchboard officers. When they arrived in Rome, one of their first tasks was removing the photographs of Mussolini from the former Air Ministry building.
The creation of the Canadian Women’s Army Corps was authorized by the Canadian Government on August 13, 1941. Initially, CWAC personnel were assigned jobs that aligned with traditional notions of femininity such as office work and domestic tasks. Over time, however, they began to adopt more active roles and became mechanics and radar operators. The work of CWACs such as Cynthia Oakley proved that women could play an active role in the military and paved the way for today’s female soldiers.
Main photo: Personnel of the Canadian Women’s Army Corps disembarking from a troopship at Naples, Italy, 22 June 1944 (Credit: LAC M# 3405422). | <urn:uuid:50ba1cc4-7a5b-4372-8378-62821df3fb40> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://valourcanada.ca/military-history-library/cynthia-oakley-c-w-a-c/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.985891 | 353 | 3.5625 | 4 |
A low-pathogenic H5N2 strain of bird flu is confirmed on 2nd November, at Chookies Farm and Feed store in Kent. As a result of bird flu, all the 480 birds of various species, including swans, chickens, ducks, and pigeons were culled to prevent the spread of the bird flu.
Bird Flu is a very rare flu, contracted by contact with sick birds. This flu can be passed to humans also via direct contact.
On the very next day, that is, 3rd November, an unrelated outbreak of bird flu was reported at a farm which rears broiler breeder chicken in Cheshire. H5N8 again caused it.
Reports have confirmed that the highly pathogenic strain of bird flu is increasing in Europe. The H5N8 can cause severe damage in the poultry as well as to other birds and humans. So, it has been decided that all the 13,500 birds of the farm in Cheshire will be culled.
The sole reason for the killing of birds is to prevent the spreading of infection, as this could cause a severe pandemic threat to the world.
According to the data collected by various surveys, it has been confirmed that Since the year 2003, the World Health Organization has reported 861 confirmed human cases and 455 deaths due to H5N1. This gives us a crystal clear picture that approximately 60 per cent of the people, who had been infected via the virus had died. Though the human infection rate is low, it may cause a severe threat to humans, as the recovery rate is shallow.
The widespread human infection with H5N1 has resulted from direct contact with poultry, and those of person-to-person communication.
Different vaccines are made every year, based on the season, to cure the infection. It would be a severe cause of concern if the people with COVID-19, get mutated with the H5N1 virus. This will increase the death rate all across the globe, and it would become challenging for the government as well as doctors to control both the viruses at the same time.
One of the most senior public health experts of the World Health Organisation, David Nabarro, said that the range of deaths could be anything between 5 and 150 million.
To control bird flu, and prevent the flu from spreading across the globe, authorities have put temporary control zones in infected premises in Kent and Cheshire. Also, alerts have been sent to people who keep birds.
The best alternative, to control cases of flu and to protect the globe from touches of flu-like swine flu and bird flu in the future is that people should go vegan. And also to end factory farming.
If the people had taken the scientist’s warning carefully about the human health risks caused by intensive animal farming units, such a situation would have never arisen.
Though, it’s still not that late. We can always go Vegan and protect ourselves and people all across the globe. | <urn:uuid:610e1794-be35-4001-887e-67e3f41800ec> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://vegandaily.news/bird-flu-confirmed-in-the-united-kingdom/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.973848 | 613 | 3.328125 | 3 |
Image Courtesy of MarVistaVet
Preparing for your dog's labor and puppy care can be both exciting and fun; still, awareness of potential problems is of paramount importance. It is a good idea to keep track of your dog's breeding date so as to know when to expect what. We will first present some prenatal care suggestions, but for more details, read specifically about care during pregnancy; you may wish to begin there.
After about 35 days of pregnancy, the mother's nutritional needs will begin to increase. In general, she should require about twice as much food as usual, whereas when she begins nursing, she will need three times as much food. The best nutritional plan is to buy a dog food approved for growth (i.e., puppy food) and feed according to the package; such diets are balanced and require no supplementation, plus they typically have the extra calories needed by the pregnant or nursing mother. Exercise of the pregnant mother need not be restricted until after the first 4-6 weeks of pregnancy. Do not supplement calcium as this can cause metabolic imbalances; also, excess vitamins may be harmful to the puppies.
Sometime around the 45th day, your dog should be examined by a veterinarian. At this time, the skeletons of the unborn pups will have mineralized and are thus going to be visible on an x-ray. Your dog's abdomen should be x-rayed so that you know how many pups to expect. This is important as you will need to know when her labor is finished so you can be sure none of the puppies have been retained. Ultrasound may be used to confirm pregnancy much earlier (after 25 days, the embryonic heart may be seen beating), but it is more difficult to count the number of pups using this method. A general pregnancy blood test can be performed around day 35 just to confirm whether or not she is pregnant, but neither this nor ultrasound will tell you how many puppies to expect; only radiographs can do that.
A comfortable area should be set aside for whelping (giving birth) and raising the puppies. The mother should feel at home here and should be able to come and go as she likes while the puppies must remain confined.
It is important that the mother be isolated from all other dogs for three weeks prior to labor through three weeks after delivery to prevent herpes infection. Herpes is spread by sniffing and licking between two dogs. Adult dogs rarely have any symptoms but the newborn or unborn puppies generally die.
The dog's gestation period is considered to be 63 days, though this is not written in stone, and a normal range might be 58 to 68 days.
When your dog's due date is approaching, you should begin monitoring her rectal temperature. When her temperature drops below 100°F (normal canine temperature is 101-102°F), labor may be expected within 24 hours.
It is a good practice to know how to take your pregnant dog’s temperature as her due date approaches. Ask your veterinarian to show you how.
The First Stage of Labor
During this stage, uterine contractions begin. The mother will appear restless and may pace, dig, shiver, pant, or even vomit. This is all normal and all an owner can do is see that she has water available should she want it. This stage of labor is long, lasting 6 to 12 hours and culminates with full dilation of the cervix in preparation to expel a puppy.
The Second and Third Stages of Labor
Puppies are born covered in membranes that must be cleaned away or the pup will suffocate. The mother will bite and lick the membranes away. Allow her a minute or two after birth to do this; if she does not do it, then you must clean the pup for her. Simply remove the slippery covering and rub the puppy with a clean towel. The umbilical cord may be tied in a knot about one inch from the pup and cut with scissors on the far side of the knot. Be careful not to pull on the umbilical cord as this can injure the puppy. The mother may want to eat the placenta but this is probably not a good idea as vomiting it up later is common; it is best to clean away the placenta yourself.
Expect one pup every 45 to 60 minutes with 10-30 minutes of hard straining. It is normal for the mother to take a rest partway through delivery and she may not strain at all for up to four hours between pups. If she is seen straining hard for over 30 minutes or if she takes longer than a 4-hour break, consult a veterinarian. This is where it is important to know whether she has delivered the entire litter that was counted on the X-ray. Expect some puppies (probably half of them) to be born tail first, which is normal for dogs.
Most of the time nature handles things according to plan and there are no complications. The important thing is to be prepared and know what constitutes a deviation from normal. During the delivery, a puppy can get stuck either because of size or positioning, the mom can get too tired or dehydrated to complete the mission without help, or any number of unexpected problems can arise. Problems can happen during the actual delivery or in the days following.
Call your veterinarian if:
- 30 to 60 minutes of strong contractions occur with no puppy being produced.
- More than 4 hours pass between pups and you know there are more inside.
- She fails to go into labor within 24 hours of her temperature drop.
- She is obviously in extreme pain.
- Greater than 70 days of gestation have passed.
It is normal for the mother to spike a fever in the 24 to 48 hours following birth. Clinical signs of illness should not accompany this fever.
Normal vaginal discharge after giving birth should be odorless and may be green, dark red-brown or bloody and may persist in small amounts for up to 8 weeks.
Green discharge is a bit special as this is the discharge indicating separation of a placenta from the uterus. During the birth of a litter, many placentas are separating so there will be plenty of green discharge. Where this becomes important is on the very first puppy, as when the first placenta separates, its associated puppy will need oxygen very soon, so a live puppy should appear within 30 minutes of seeing green discharge. If not, there is a problem, and you should consult a veterinarian.
Problems to Watch for in the Following Days
Metritis (Inflammation of the Uterus)
Signs of this condition are as follows:
- foul-smelling vaginal discharge
- loss of appetite
- no interest in the puppies
- decreased milk production
If these signs are noted, usually in the first day or two postpartum, a veterinarian should be consulted. Your dog may have retained a placenta or have suffered some trauma during delivery. Animals who require assistance with delivery are often predisposed to metritis. She will likely need to be spayed.
This condition results when the mother has trouble supporting the calcium demand of lactation and is a particular concern for toy breed dogs. Calcium supplementation predisposes a new mother to this condition. Usually affected animals are small dogs. They demonstrate:
- nervousness and restlessness
- no interest in the pups
- stiff, painful gait
This progresses to:
- muscle spasms
- inability to stand
This condition generally occurs in the first three weeks of lactation and a veterinarian should be consulted immediately.
Mastitis (Inflammation of the Breasts)
Normal nursing glands are soft and enlarged. Diseased glands are red, hard, and painful. In general, the mother does not act sick; the disease is confined to the mammary tissue. The mother may be sore and discourage the pups from nursing; however, it is important to keep the pups nursing the affected glands. This is not harmful to the puppies and helps flush out the infected material.
Warm compresses may be helpful.
Agalactia (Not Producing Milk)
Milk production and secretion (let down) is essential for the puppies' nutrition. If the puppies are nursing but it appears that milk is simply not flowing, there are a few simple things to try at home before going to the veterinarian. First, make sure the puppy room is not too warm and that the mother has plenty of food and water and that she seems to be healthy in other respects. If these issues seem controlled, the next step is to determine if milk is being produced and not "let down" or simply not being produced as different hormones are involved in each process. Your veterinarian will need to intercede with treatment for the mother. If the pups cannot so much as get colostrum, that all-important first milk that provides immunity from common infections, they may need to receive injections of canine plasma to replace the antibodies they did not get from their mother.
Most dogs are excellent mothers and problems are few. The basic rule is to seek veterinary care if she seems to feel sick or if she ceases to care for her young. Puppies nurse until they are about six weeks old but can begin solid foods as early as four weeks of age. A good age for adoption to a new home is eight weeks or later.
Orphan Puppy & Kitten Care
Pregnant Dog Care | <urn:uuid:5f124e9f-71c6-4d9a-8f58-bcbdf6476585> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspxpid=19239&catid=102899&id=4952484/mark.html/default.aspxpid=19239&catid=102896&id=10134873&ind=1611&objtypeid=10/default.aspx?pid=19239&catId=102898&id=4951546&ind=384&objTypeID=1007 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.959713 | 1,941 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Photo by Natalie Rowe
What does it mean when a veterinarian says she needs to run some blood work on your pet? Blood work - presurgical or otherwise - is usually a combination of a complete blood count (CBC) and a blood chemical analysis. Blood work is a basic evaluation tool. Pets, particularly senior ones, should have a CBC at every annual examination. In addition, blood work allows a veterinarian to monitor the progression of a pet's disease.
When the blood sample is drawn from your pet, both the cells and the fluid they "travel" in are examined.
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
The cell part of the blood is examined in the CBC. The CBC determines the number of erythrocytes (red blood cells), the number and type of leukocytes (white blood cells), the number of platelets (thrombocytes), the hemoglobin level, and the hematocrit (packed cell volume, PCV). Erythrocytes carry oxygen throughout the body. Leukocytes fight infection and are part of the immune system. There are five different types of white blood cells: neutrophils, lymphocytes, basophils, eosinophils, and monocytes. Platelets are clotting proteins and indicate how fast your pet's blood can clot; slow clotting can be a serious problem. A CBC can tell your veterinarian if your pet has an unusual number of erythrocytes (anemia, polycythemia), leukocytes (leukopenia, leukocytosis), or platelets (thrombocytopenia).
A chemistry panel (blood chem, chemistry screen), tests kidney function, liver function, electrolyte levels, etc. Blood chemistries are run on the fluid in the blood sample. (The CBC is the examination of the cells in the blood sample.)
The chemistry panel usually includes the following tests: alkaline phosphatase (SAP, ALP), alanine transaminase (alanine aminotransferase, ALT), bilirubin total (T Bili), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, creatine kinase (CK, CPK), sodium, potassium, glucose, total protein, albumin, etc. Alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, bilirubin, and albumin give your veterinarian information about the pet's liver function. Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and creatine kinase tell your veterinarian how well your pet's kidneys are functioning.
An elevated alkaline phosphatase is the most common biochemical abnormality seen in "normal" animals. (In other words, clinically-normal animals can have mildly elevated levels.) Elevated levels are seen in liver injury, bone injury, pregnancy, dental disease, skeletal growth, reactive hepatopathies, and animals who are or have been taking glucocorticoids. Growing animals also normally have higher levels of this enzyme. Elevated levels can be used as a tumor marker, particularly with tumors that have metastasized to the liver. Low levels of alkaline phosphatase may not be clinically significant. However, in humans, decreased serum levels have been observed in hypothyroidism, scurvy, achondroplastic dwarfism, magnesium deficiency, malnutrition, cardiac surgery, cardiopulmonary bypass, and hypophosphatasia.
Decreased ALT in combination with increased cholesterol levels is seen in cases of a congested liver. Increased levels are also seen in liver damage, kidney infection, chemical pollutants, or myocardial infarction.
Elevated in liver disease, hemolytic anemia, low levels of exposure to the sun, and toxic effects to some drugs. Decreased levels are seen in people with an inefficient liver, excessive fat digestion, and possibly a diet low in nitrogen bearing foods.
Blood urea nitrogen
Increases can be caused by excessive protein intake, kidney damage, certain drugs, low fluid intake, intestinal bleeding, exercise, or heart failure. Decreased levels may be due to a poor diet, malabsorption, liver damage, or low nitrogen intake.
Low levels are sometimes seen in kidney damage, protein starvation, liver disease, or pregnancy. Elevated levels are sometimes seen in kidney disease due to the kidneys job of excreting creatinine, muscle degeneration, and some drugs involved in impairment of kidney function.
Elevated in diabetes, liver disease, obesity, and pancreatitis due to steroid medications, or during stress. Low levels may be indicative of liver disease, overproduction of insulin, or hypothyroidism.
Decreased levels may be due to poor nutrition, liver disease, malabsorption, diarrhea, or severe burns. Increased levels are seen in lupus, liver disease, chronic infections, leukemia, etc.
High levels are rarely seen and are primarily due to dehydration. Low levels are seen in poor diets, diarrhea, fever, infection, liver disease, inadequate iron intake, third-degree burns and edemas, and hypocalcemia. | <urn:uuid:150c16c0-cc00-42dc-a53c-868a277837c2> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://veterinarypartner.vin.com/default.aspxpid=19239&catid=102899&id=4952484/mark.html/default.aspxpid=19239&catid=102896&id=10134873&ind=1611&objtypeid=10/default.aspx?pid=19239&catId=102898&id=4952036&ind=385&objTypeID=1007 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.908929 | 1,048 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Wine is an incredibly nuanced subject for an alcoholic fruit drink. It can take a lifetime to master, people all over the world dutifully dedicate their lives to learning its many secrets. There is just so much to learn – as proven in our gigantic list of wine facts.
Whether you’re just scratching the surface or know a thing or two, we’re hoping that our collection of essential wine facts will be your base camp to wine’s Everest.
1. The oldest winery that we know of is Armenian, dated to 4100 BCE.
2. The Phoenicians spread wine around the Mediterranean in the tenth century BCE, introducing the drink to the ancient Greeks, who in turn inspired the Romans to become wine fanatics and grow grapes across their empire.
3. The Greeks and Romans took their wine seriously, dedicating gods to their favourite fermented fruit juice. Dionysus was known as the god of the grape-harvest to the Greeks, while Bacchus was the deity of choice for Roman oenophiles.
5. Thomas Jefferson may be responsible for the California wine boom. After being sent to France, Jefferson brought vine cuttings back to the United States.
6. 2017 saw a drop in global wine production to a level not seen in sixty years thanks to poor weather conditions.
Types of Wine
7. There are three major types of wine: red, white and rosé. However, there are different, less popular varieties, including orange and even blue.
8. The colour of a wine is determined by the contact that the grape juice has with grape skins – this also impacts the levels of tannins (see fact 44) in the finished product.
9. Red wine can only be made from blue or purple-skinned grapes. White wine can also come from these darker grapes, but only if the juice is separated from the skins.
10. Rosé, which finds itself somewhere in between red and white, is most often crafted by allowing the juice limited and controlled contact with dark grape skins.
11. Sweet or ‘dessert’ wine is made from grapes with high sugar content. In some parts of the world, this means allowing vines to contract a fungal infection called botrytis or ‘Noble Rot’, in others it means allowing grapes to freeze over before they are picked to create syrupy ‘ice wine’.
12. Fortified wines (like sherry and port) are made by adding extra alcohol at different stages of the production process.
13. Because grapes produce sugars as they ripen, wines from warmer climates will generally contain more sugar and are stronger than those from cooler regions, which tend towards acidity instead.
14. The yeast used for fermentation is called saccharomyces cerevisiae, or ‘brewer’s yeast’.
15. Wines from western Europe and the Middle East are known as ‘Old World’, while others are called ‘New World’, which encapsulates the Americas, Australasia, Africa and Asia.
16. European wines often feature the location of production on their labels, while New World wines tend to provide the grape variety instead.
17. The terroir of a wine is a combination of the environmental influences on the grapevine, including soil type and climate.
18. White wines occasionally have harmless, diamond-like sediment called ‘tartrate crystals’ that are formed when the wine has been stored in the cold.
19. Wines don’t have to be made from a single grape variety. Different juices are fermented separately and then combined in what’s known as a ‘blend’.
20. Sparkling white wine can be made anywhere, but only those grown and bottled in France’s Champagne region can call themselves champagnes. Alternatives include cava, prosecco and even sparkling Riesling!
21. Champagne bottles are made from thicker glass to resist the pressure created by carbonation.
22. Champagne gets its bubbles in the bottle. Wine is still when it’s bottled, but yeast and sugar are added to the mix which create the carbon dioxide as they interact over at least 15 months.
23. Organic, biodynamic and natural wines are produced by winemakers that avoid intervening in vineyard ecology, opting not to use herbicides and pesticides.
24. If you see a label marked ‘Demeter’, this means that the wine has been certified as biodynamic.
25. Vines are often grafted onto existing roots before being planted in order to protect them from pests, namely Phylloxera.
26. A ‘vintage’ wine is one made only with grapes harvested in the same year. ‘Non-vintage’ wines are blends of several years’ grapes. Many of the largest names in champagne produce non-vintage bottles.
27. If a label says ‘Mis en Bouteille au Domaine’, the wine was bottled at the estate where the grapes were grown. Some argue that this preserves freshness and fruitiness.
28. There are usually 12 bottles in a case of wine.
29. There are 11 bottle sizes, from the 187ml ‘split’ to the Nebuchadnezzar, which holds the equivalent of 20 standard bottles.
30. A ‘magnum’ bottle of wine is the equivalent of two standard bottles, and some claim that it is the optimal size for aging thanks to the reduced space for oxygen.
31. There are around 1,300 varieties of grape that are used to produce wine.
32. Grapes contain damascenone, a smell compound that contributes floral notes to many wines.
33. The majority of grapevines used for winemaking are variants of the Vitis Vinifera species.
34. The most widely planted variety in the world is Cabernet Sauvignon, closely followed by Merlot, Airén (a Spanish sherry grape), Tempranillo and Chardonnay.
Master of Wine Andrea Robinson identifies six wine grapes that you should know when starting out. They are:
35. Pinot Noir. Known as ‘the classic grape of red burgundy’, it makes for wines with strong berry flavours.
36. Cabernet Sauvignon/Merlot. The spicy, musky Cabernet Sauvignon is responsible for some of the most famous red wine in the world, while Merlot (its neighbour in Bordeaux) is described as ‘softer and fruitier’ by Jancis Robinson.
37. Syrah/Shiraz. Famous for its rich, sometimes chocolatey flavour, Syrah is Australia’s most important wine grape.
38. Riesling. A white grape grown in Germany and the French region of Alsace, Riesling is becoming more and more popular for its ability to age and its versatility.
39. Sauvignon Blanc. New Zealand’s wine industry depends on Sauvignon Blanc, but it is also a favourite of viticulturalists in the Loire Valley and Bordeaux. Its zesty, grassy flavour makes it one of the most popular white wine varieties in the world.
40. Chardonnay. Chardonnay is, according to Jancis Robinson, ‘grown virtually everywhere wine is produced.’ As a result, its flavours vary significantly from strong, chalky minerality in Chablis to buttery caramel in warmer climates. It is often ‘oaked’ in barrels or with wood chips, which has become something of a controversy in the wine world.
Tasting and Serving
41. A 75cl bottle contains about six glasses worth of wine, or 12 smaller glasses for tastings.
43. Malolatic fermentation occurs during the winemaking process, converting sharp malic acid into softer, more palatable lactic acid.
44. Tannins are the substance in red wine that give it a bitter, sometimes astringent feel in the mouth. They are transferred to the grape juice when it comes into contact with the skins and seeds early in the winemaking process.
45. Younger red wines are generally more tannic than their older counterparts. As red wines age, they also become lighter in colour.
46. As a general rule, white wines should be served from five to twelve degrees celsius depending on their characteristics, while reds should be between ten and eighteen degrees. Jancis Robinson’s helpful temperature guide goes into further detail.
47. Experts only fill their wine glasses a third of the way. This leaves plenty of room in the glass for aromas to develop.
48. ‘Swirling’ a wine glass before tasting aerates the wine and helps to release its aromas.
49. Wine glasses are tulip-shaped, curving inwards at the top so that aromas aren’t able to escape.
50. There’s a widely accepted tasting process. Start by looking at the colour, then smell before you taste.
51. Decanting red wine before serving can mimic the ageing process, allowing oxygen to flood into the liquid and develop its flavour.
52. Oak imparts buttery vanilla flavours to a wine when it is aged in barrels.
53. When chilling a wine, adding water to an ice bucket increases the surface area contact between a bottle and the cold, bringing the temperature down faster.
54. There are four tasting elements to look for when sampling wine: acidity, sweetness, tannins and alcohol content.
55. Moving the wine around in your mouth when tasting allows all of your taste receptors to fire. Sweetness is detected at the tip of the tongue, bitterness at the back and sourness on the sides.
56. Matching a wine’s characteristics to the dominant flavours and ‘body’ of a meal can elevate a wine’s flavour and balance its elements.
58. Storing wine bottles horizontally is best. It keeps the cork damp and prevents too much air from entering the bottle.
59. A wine is ‘corked’ when it smells and tastes slightly mouldy, or like wet cardboard. If it’s obviously tainted, it is acceptable to ask for something else to replace it. It should be noted that screw caps and artificial corks don’t have this issue.
60. Screw Caps were popularised by Australian and New Zealand winemakers, who were not satisfied with the quality of the corks they were being given.
61. Wines sealed by cork still make up the majority of bottles in the world at 64 percent.
62. Storing wine away from direct light and heat preserves its freshness.
Wine facts and trivia
63. A 75cl bottle of wine contains the juice of 600 to 800 grapes.
64. Biodynamic winemakers are notorious for their unusual practices, which involve planning harvests around planetary movement and burying cow horns full of manure to create supercharged fertilizer.
66. The practice of adding sugar for an alcohol boost to wines in cooler regions is called ‘chaptalisation’. It takes its name from Jean-Antoine Chaptal, a minister serving under Napoleon.
67. Not everyone is a fan of wine. Oenophobics are downright afraid of it!
68. Romans mixed lead with their wine, using it as a sweetener. Some historians credit lead poisoning for the fall of the Roman Empire.
69. White wine sales in the UK overtook red in 2016, with rosé coming in a distant third.
70. The infamous ‘Judgement of Paris’ of 1976 is an event worth knowing. Californian wines beat out French bottles in a blind tasting, creating controversy and validating American wine on the world stage.
71. Wine has no fat or cholesterol – a guilt-free treat!
72. Most corks originate from Portugal’s many cork forests, though they have dropped in popularity with the arrival of screw caps and synthetic corks.
73. Vatican City leads the world in wine consumption per capita.
74. If you’re eating artichokes, avoid pricey wine. They can make most wines taste tinny or too sweet.
75. Champagne bottles contain more pressure than the tires of a car.
76. Aeration: the infusion of oxygen into a wine in order to develop and balance its elements.
77. Appellation: on French wine labels, the legally defined region from which the wine originates.
78. Astringent: the bitter, drying character of a wine with lots of tannin.
79. Blend: a wine made from more than one grape variety.
80. Body: the feel of a wine in your mouth, relating to weight and ‘fullness’.
81. Bouquet: the more nuanced aroma combinations detected in aged wines.
82. Bung/bung hole: not what you think! The bung seals the bung hole, which is an opening in wine barrels used to add or remove wine.
83. Brix: the measurement of a grape’s sugar content when harvested.
84. Claret: red wines from Bordeaux.
85. Cuvée: you’ll see this on champagne bottles. It means the wine is a blend.
86. Cooked: a wine that has been subjected to heat damage in storage.
87. Dry: a flavour descriptor that refers to the effects of tannin on the palate in red wines, and a lack of sweetness in whites.
88. Fining: the process of removing sediment from a wine with a fining agent.
89. Fining agent: the material used to clarify a wine. Fish bladder, egg whites and clay are all examples of fining agents.
90. Finish: the aftertaste of a wine.
91. Lees: natural sediment that gathers during the fermentation process.
92. Must: the juice that is gathered from wine grapes.
93. Nose: the smell of a wine.
94. Oenology: the study of wine.
95. Oxidation: the process that occurs when wine is exposed to air.
96. Plonk: bad-quality wine. To be avoided at all costs!
97. Sommelier: a wine expert, usually with a certification.
98. Terroir: the unique character of a vine’s surroundings, encapsulating climate, soil and topography.
99. Vitis vinifera: the species of grapevine from which wine is made.
100. Vintage: the year a wine’s grapes were picked.
So there it is. Armed with these facts, you should be able to hold your own at tastings and begin to delve into areas of specific interest. No matter how complicated it gets, just remember Euripides’ wise words:
“Where there is no wine, there is no love.” | <urn:uuid:e1922e30-0ba9-4cf0-a341-15ab4d85ee90> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://vincarta.com/blog/100-essential-wine-facts?ref=casacatalog.com | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.94241 | 3,175 | 2.96875 | 3 |
In today’s #21 episode of our VR Jurassic Encyclopedia series, we take a closer look at Parasaurolophus dinosaur. Travel back 76 million years with us and learn new facts about this dinosaur. Parasaurolophus is a genus of herbivorous dinosaur that lived about 76.5 to 73 million years ago. It is estimated that the length of an average Parasaurolophus was 9.5 meters, while its weight oscillated around 2.5 tons. The skull of this dinosaur could be as long as 1.6 meters (including the crest). This dinosaur could have fed on vegetation up to 4 meters above the ground. It is speculated that it may have fed on pine leaves and needles. If you want to get more interesting facts about this dinosaur, be sure to watch the VR Jurassic Encyclopedia #21 video posted on the website and continue our VR 360 video education about dinosaurs. | <urn:uuid:3289565a-631c-4e86-afdf-4715066718e3> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://vipera.games/tag/parasaurolophus/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.936039 | 184 | 3.8125 | 4 |
Nose piercings have become a common form of self-expression and adornment in modern times. However, as Christians, it is important to consider what the Bible has to say about this practice. While the Bible mentions nose piercings, there is no clear directive on the matter. Some Christians believe that nose piercings are acceptable, while others view them as a violation of biblical teachings. Therefore, it is important to understand the historical context of nose piercing in the Bible, interpretations of relevant Bible passages, different perspectives within Christianity, and practical considerations for Christians considering nose piercings.
In this blog post, we will examine the biblical perspective on nose piercings. We will explore the historical context of nose piercing in the Bible, including its significance in ancient times. We will also look at relevant Bible passages and how they have been interpreted by different groups of Christians. Additionally, we will consider practical considerations for Christians who are considering getting a nose piercing, such as cultural and social implications and the impact on one’s witness as a follower of Christ.
By examining the biblical perspective on nose piercings, we hope to provide clarity for Christians who are considering this form of self-expression. We also aim to promote a respectful and compassionate dialogue on this topic, recognizing that different Christians may have varying perspectives on this issue. Ultimately, we believe that by seeking guidance from God and the Holy Spirit, Christians can make informed decisions about nose piercings that are consistent with their personal convictions and values.
Historical Context of Nose Piercing in the Bible
Nose piercing has a long history in the ancient Near East and is mentioned several times in the Bible. In ancient times, nose piercings were likely a symbol of beauty, status, and wealth. Nose rings were also commonly used as a means of currency and were given as gifts.
For example, in Genesis 24:22, Abraham’s servant gives a nose ring to Rebekah as a gift of betrothal. In Exodus 32:2-4, the Israelites create a golden calf, and Aaron makes a mold by melting down their earrings and nose rings. In Ezekiel 16:12, God describes how he adorned Jerusalem with jewelry, including a nose ring.
It is worth noting that the Bible mentions nose piercings in a historical context and does not provide a clear moral or ethical stance on the matter.
Interpretations of Relevant Bible Passages
While the Bible mentions nose piercings, there is no explicit commandment for or against them. However, some Bible passages have been interpreted as relevant to this issue.
This passage describes how a servant who chooses to remain with his master must have his ear pierced with an awl as a sign of his loyalty. Some interpret this as evidence that piercing the body is acceptable in certain circumstances.
As mentioned earlier, this passage describes how Abraham’s servant gives Rebekah a nose ring as a gift of betrothal. Some interpret this as evidence that nose piercings are acceptable within the context of marriage and betrothal.
Song of Solomon 1:10
This passage describes how the bride describes herself as having a nose ring. Some interpret this as evidence that nose piercings are acceptable within the context of love and romance.
However, it is important to note that these passages can be interpreted in different ways, and there is no consensus among Christians about what they mean for nose piercings.
Different Perspectives Within Christianity
There are different perspectives within Christianity regarding nose piercings. Here are a few examples:
Some Christians believe that the Bible should be interpreted literally, and since there is no explicit commandment for or against nose piercings, they are neutral on the issue. They argue that if the Bible does not specifically prohibit something, then it is not inherently wrong.
Cultural and Historical Context Interpretations
Other Christians believe that the Bible should be interpreted in its cultural and historical context. They point out that nose piercings were a common practice in ancient times and were not necessarily associated with rebellion or immorality. Therefore, they believe that nose piercings are acceptable as long as they are not done for sinful reasons.
For example, some cultures consider nose piercings as a symbol of their heritage or social status. In this context, nose piercings can be seen as a way of honoring one’s cultural or social identity.
Personal Convictions and Freedom in Christ
Still, other Christians believe that personal convictions and freedom in Christ should guide our decision-making about nose piercings. They argue that since the Bible does not explicitly condemn nose piercings, it is up to each individual to decide whether or not to get one based on their own personal convictions and discernment. This approach acknowledges that every individual is unique, and what might be appropriate for one person may not be suitable for another.
However, it is important to note that while Christians have the freedom to make their own choices regarding nose piercings, they must also be aware of how their actions may impact their witness as a follower of Christ.
Practical Considerations for Christians Considering Nose Piercings
If you are a Christian considering a nose piercing, here are some practical considerations to keep in mind:
Personal Convictions and Discernment
Before making any decision, pray for guidance and discernment. Ask God to reveal whether or not a nose piercing is something that aligns with your personal convictions and beliefs.
Cultural and Social Implications
Consider how a nose piercing might be perceived by others in your culture and social context. While nose piercings may be more socially acceptable in some places, they may be viewed as rebellious or inappropriate in others. It is important to consider how your actions might impact your witness as a Christian.
For example, some workplaces may have strict dress codes that prohibit visible piercings or tattoos. In this context, getting a nose piercing may create unnecessary tension or conflict with your employer or coworkers.
Representing Christ in Appearance and Behavior
As Christians, we are called to represent Christ in both our appearance and behavior. While a nose piercing may not necessarily be sinful in itself, it is important to consider whether or not it aligns with the values and principles of the Christian faith. Consider whether or not a nose piercing might be a stumbling block for others or might compromise your witness.
For example, some Christians might view nose piercings as a form of rebellion or self-centeredness. If your nose piercing is perceived in this way, it may distract from your message or cause others to question your commitment to following Christ.
In conclusion, while the Bible does not explicitly condemn or condone nose piercings, there are different interpretations and perspectives within Christianity on this issue. It is important to approach this issue with prayerful discernment and consideration of personal convictions, cultural and social implications, and representing Christ in appearance and behavior.
Ultimately, the decision to get a nose piercing is a personal one that should be made in consultation with God and with the guidance of the Holy Spirit. It is important to remember that our actions as Christians should reflect our commitment to following Christ and our desire to share His love with others. | <urn:uuid:14765833-ca1c-4859-8d65-d1655d7b4e48> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://viralbeliever.com/what-does-the-bible-say-about-nose-piercings-wdtbs323/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.948768 | 1,475 | 2.671875 | 3 |
From 1819 to 1877, the Town of Mineral was known as Fellow’s Mill, named after Colonel Levi Fellows and the saw mill he had erected near the bridge over Plummer Creek in Richland Township. Levi Fellow’s daughter married Abel Faucett and their son, Levi Faucett, eventually took over the mill. In 1905, Levi Faucett built the Levi Faucett & Sons Chair Factory in Bloomfield where hardwood furniture was built from lumber cut by the Fellow-Faucett Saw Mill at Mineral. Mineral City was laid out into 75 lots by Clelland Dodds and Samuel Rhorer and was recorded on May 21, 1887. The plat shows the railroad going right through the middle of town. At that time, there were two general stores, a blacksmith shop, a wagon shop, a wood yard, a dressmaker, a post office, a lodge hall, a church, and a one-room school. Mineral City was one of the busiest, thriving cities in Greene County largely due to the great lumber dealer, Levi Faucett, who employed a host of hands in his saw mill besides the ones he had cutting timber. The Monon Railroad and Faucett’s Mill were two things Mineral City could not live without. The train’s last run was in 1935 and today, the church is the only public building in Mineral City.
Provided by Mildred “Milly” (Coleman) Uland | <urn:uuid:392f9831-2cbd-4f0e-aa18-c17820ea0233> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://visitgc.com/where-to-go/communities/morecommunities/mineral-city/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.983811 | 306 | 2.625 | 3 |
In this article, I will help you guys to download, install, setup java environment, and we will write and execute our first java program 🙂
so let’s get started…
1)Check java is already installed on computer/laptop:
To check type javac in the command prompt, if it shows javac is not recognized as an internal or external command then java is not installed…
2)Download Java JDK for a suitable environment:
The below link will redirect you to the oracle website where you can download the Java JDK for Windows, Linux & mac for 32/64 bit operating system.
choose a suitable version based on your requirement.
This will redirect you to oracle website and their you need to login to your account then it will start downloading automatically.(if you dont have oracle account then create one)
To install the downloaded software double click on it then it will show below pop up…select next
follow below steps:
3)Setup the Environment variable:
For the operating system to understand where java is installed we need to set up the java JDK path in the environment PATH Variable. follow the steps shown in the image to set the environment variable path and finally say ok to all.
Now check the javac command in command prompt…it should not show any error.
Java is installed successfully ….. let’s write our first java program and execute it.
Create a text file with the name ‘Simple.java’ & open it in a text editor and write the below code & save it.
Now open the command prompt in that folder where the ‘Simple.java’ file is created and write the below commands:
To compile java Program: javac Simple.java
To Run Java Program: java Simple
If the above commands print “Hello World” on command prompt then your program is executed successfully.
If you follow all steps correctly then java will be installed correctly on your desktop/laptop.
If you face any issue/problem while following any of the above steps feel free to comment below…I will definitely try to solve your issue. | <urn:uuid:bcc971da-10e8-4f90-af5b-80e57898a317> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://webdev99.com/how-to-download-javainstall-setup-write-the-first-java-program/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.839912 | 447 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Artist:Utagawa Hiroshige (Ando)
Medium: Woodblock print
Dates:10th month of 1858
Dimensions: Sheet: 14 3/16 x 9 1/4 in. (36 x 23.5 cm) Image: 8 3/4 in. (22.2 cm)
Accession Number: 30.1478.114
Catalogue Description: This view looks across Bikuni Bridge (toward Sukiyabashi Gate and the current Sukiyabashi intersection), where a laden porter is approaching the street beyond where a fire tower rises up. Snow is falling from the deep indigo sky. On the further side is a man with his head buried in his umbrella. In Hiroshige's day, Bikunibashi (Nun's Bridge) was associated with the bikuni, a type of low-class prostitute originally disguised as a nun. The bikuni, who were of a slightly higher grade than the yotaka (seen in print 105 of the series), worked in cheap, unlicensed brothels known as bikuniyado, several of which were reported to have been located in this area. On the right is a stall selling roasted yams, a winter favorite in Tokyo; the lantern advertises maruyaki, or "roasted whole." Baskets of yams lie on the ground outside, near a dog and her puppies. On the left is a shop offering "mountain whale" (yamakujira - meat of wild animals). In an earlier period Buddhist law prohibited the eating of animal meat, but this taboo was breaking down by Hiroshige's day. Shops of this type were always located in rather disreputable places and would offer boar, monkey, raccoon-dog, otter, fox, wolf, and weasel. According to Ishii Kendo, this particular shop was still in business at the same location in 1919, but was offering chicken and beef, meat of domesticated animals. It is theorized that this print may be the work of Shigenobu, the future Hiroshige II. The style and content do not appear to be characteristic of Hiroshige; the empty space in the foreground and the placement of the snowflakes in the sky offer a sense of incompletion. | <urn:uuid:85091760-f12b-4096-b2f5-7788120eeacf> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://website.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/print/object/121726 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.964713 | 478 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Cats and dogs are two of the most popular pets, and while they can coexist peacefully, they can also exhibit behaviors that may seem strange or confusing to their owners. One such behavior is when a cat meows at a dog. While this may seem like a simple or even silly question, understanding the reasons behind a cat’s meowing at a dog can help pet owners better understand their pets’ behavior and interactions.
There are several reasons why a cat may meow at a dog. One reason is to communicate a specific need or desire. Cats are known for their vocalization, and they may meow at a dog to express hunger, thirst, or the desire to play or be petted. This type of meowing is often accompanied by other behaviors, such as rubbing against the dog or bringing toys to play.
Another reason a cat may meow at a dog is to establish dominance or communicate a threat. Cats are territorial animals, and they may meow at a dog to assert their dominance over the dog or to communicate that the dog is trespassing on their territory. This type of meowing is often accompanied by other aggressive behaviors, such as hissing or puffing up their fur.
A third reason a cat may meow at a dog is to solicit attention or affection. Cats are social animals, and they may meow at a dog as a way of seeking attention or affection from their human companion. This type of meowing is often accompanied by other attention-seeking behaviors, such as rubbing against the owner’s legs or purring.
To address a cat’s meowing at a dog, it is important to understand the context and the underlying reason for the behavior. If the meowing is related to a specific need or desire, addressing that need (such as feeding the cat or providing toys to play with) can help to prevent the behavior. If the meowing is related to dominance or aggression, it may be necessary to separate the two pets or to provide additional training and socialization to improve their relationship. If the meowing is related to attention-seeking, providing the cat with appropriate outlets for socialization and play can help to prevent the behavior.
In summary, there are several reasons why a cat may meow at a dog, including communicating a specific need or desire, establishing dominance or communicating a threat, and soliciting attention or affection. Understanding the context and underlying reason for the behavior can help pet owners address and prevent a cat’s meowing at a dog. By understanding and addressing the root cause of the behavior, pet owners can help improve the relationship between their pets and create a harmonious household. | <urn:uuid:c4f8a9ce-46c3-4ced-b7a5-b2e9f8f55541> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://whycharlie.com/why-does-my-cat-meow-at-my-dog/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.961859 | 543 | 2.921875 | 3 |
By Lester R. Brown
Long after the political uprisings in the Middle East have subsided, many underlying challenges that are not now in the news will remain. Prominent among these are rapid population growth, spreading water shortages, and ever growing food insecurity.
In some countries, grain production is now falling as aquifers are depleted. After the Arab oil-export embargo of the 1970s, the Saudis realized that since they were heavily dependent on imported grain, they were vulnerable to a grain counter-embargo. Using oil-drilling technology, they tapped into an aquifer far below the desert to produce irrigated wheat. In a matter of years, Saudi Arabia was self-sufficient in wheat, its principal food staple.
But after more than 20 years of wheat self-sufficiency, the Saudis announced in January 2008 that this aquifer was largely depleted and they would be phasing out wheat production. Between 2007 and 2010, the wheat harvest of nearly 3 million tons dropped by more than two thirds. At this rate the Saudis likely will harvest their last wheat crop in 2012 and then be totally dependent on imported grain to feed their Canada-sized population of nearly 30 million people.
The unusually rapid phaseout of wheat farming in Saudi Arabia is due to two factors. First, in this arid country there is little farming without irrigation. Second, irrigation there depends almost entirely on a fossil aquifer, which, unlike most aquifers, does not recharge naturally from rainfall. And the desalted sea water Saudi Arabia uses to supply its cities is far too costly for irrigation use, even for the Saudis.
Saudi Arabia’s growing food insecurity has even led it to buy or lease land in several other countries, including two of the world’s hungriest, Ethiopia and Sudan. In effect, the Saudis are planning to produce food for themselves with the land and water resources of other countries to augment their fast growing imports.
In neighboring Yemen, replenishable aquifers are being pumped well beyond the rate of recharge, and the deeper fossil aquifers are also being rapidly depleted. As a result, water tables are falling throughout Yemen by some 2 meters per year. In the capital, Sana’a — home to 2 million people — tap water is available only once every 4 days; in Taiz, a smaller city to the south, it is once every 20 days.
Yemen, with one of the world’s fastest-growing populations, is becoming a hydrological basket case. With water tables falling, the grain harvest has shrunk by one third over the last 40 years, while demand has continued its steady rise. As a result, the Yemenis now import more than 80 percent of their grain. With its meager oil exports falling, with no industry to speak of, and with nearly 60 percent of its children physically stunted and chronically undernourished, this poorest of the Arab countries is facing a bleak and potentially turbulent future.
The likely result of the depletion of Yemen’s aquifers — which will lead to further shrinkage of its harvest and spreading hunger and thirst — is social collapse. Already a failing state, it may well devolve into a group of tribal fiefdoms, warring over whatever meager water resources remain. Yemen’s internal conflicts could spill over its long, unguarded border with Saudi Arabia.
In addition to the bursting food bubble in Saudi Arabia and the fast-deteriorating water situation in Yemen, Syria and Iraq — the other two populous countries in the region — have water troubles. Some of these arise from the reduced flows of the Euphrates and Tigris Rivers, which both countries depend on for irrigation water. Turkey, which controls the headwaters of these rivers, is in the midst of a massive dam building program that is slowly reducing downstream flows. Although all three countries are party to water-sharing arrangements, Turkey’s ambitious plans to expand both hydropower generation and irrigated area are being fulfilled partly at the expense of its two downstream neighbors.
Given the future uncertainty of river water supplies, farmers in Syria and Iraq are drilling more wells for irrigation. This is leading to overpumping in both countries. Syria’s grain harvest has fallen by one fifth since peaking at roughly 7 million tons in 2001. In Iraq, the grain harvest has fallen by one fourth since peaking at 4.5 million tons in 2002.
Jordan, with 6 million people, is also on the ropes agriculturally. Forty or so years ago, it was producing over 300,000 tons of grain per year. Today it produces only 60,000 tons and thus must import over 90 percent of its grain. In this region only Lebanon has avoided a decline in grain production.
Thus in the Arab Middle East, where populations are growing fast, the world is seeing the first collision between population growth and water supply at the regional level. For the first time in history, grain production is dropping in a geographic region with nothing in sight to arrest the decline. Because of the failure of governments in the region to mesh population and water policies, each day now brings 10,000 more people to feed and less irrigation water with which to feed them.
Lester R. Brown is President of the Earth Policy Institute and author of World on the Edge: How to Prevent Environmental and Economic Collapse, available online at http://www.earth-policy.org/books/wote.
*NOTE: This piece originally appeared in The Guardian on Friday, April 22, 2011. | <urn:uuid:45076c07-5f38-46c9-b6ff-ecebd6747819> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://world.edu/water-shortages-threaten-food-future-arab-middle-east/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.960052 | 1,131 | 2.9375 | 3 |
We have recently received the generous donation of an illustrated history of the Mirs of Sindh, given in memory of its author and illustrator Mrs. Amina G. Hyder Khaliqdina (1919 -1959).
Amina’s family have written an account of her remarkable story and kindly given permission for it to be posted here.
Amina was born on 19th April 1919 in Hyderabad, Sindh (presently a Province of Pakistan) to a middle class educated family. Many male members of her family were well-educated, including her grandfather and uncles, and some of them were civil servants of the British government.
Amina was part of the Muslim Shia Ismaili Community, which had emphasised female education. However, in Sindh education opportunities were limited especially for women.
After losing the battle of Miani with the East India Company in 1843, the Emirate of Sindh lost its independent status and was included as a part of the Bombay Presidency. This was the punishment for Sindh confronting the East India Company and, consequently, for many years Sindh remained underdeveloped. Infant mortality was high. Amina herself was the only survivor from seven births. There were only a few educational institutions within Sindh and for higher education one had to correspond with Bombay University. This made it socioeconomically difficult, especially for women, to achieve higher education.
Within this environment Amina achieved matriculation from Bombay University – the first woman in the family – perhaps one of a very few in Hyderabad, Sindh.
By 1936 Sindh had separated from the Bombay Presidency and with that a new chapter of development of Sindh began. Hyderabad again became a culturally bustling town. This was mainly due to Hindu Divans who worked on Plantations in the Caribbean and brought wealth to Sindh. They promoted art and culture. Yet female education was scarce especially for muslims.
Amina was appointed as head of Art section in Madras -Tul – Banat school. We know very little about Amina’s interest in Art and her degree/diploma related to this book due to her untimely death. According to Amina’s mother, she started the artwork in this book before she started her employment and carried on sketching long after her first two children were born. Considering the lack of resources libraries, etc., and limited access to Bombay University, her book is evidence of her perseverance. The book is written in English. It shows her competence in multifarious skills.
In addition, she was a champion for promoting education, regardless of cast, religion or gender. We know that she used to gather together children from the neighbourhood, motivate them, and took them to school. There are many doctors, teachers, and artists who are her ex-students in Sindh and will testify to this fact. She was a pioneer in establishing a reading room and a library for women in Hyderabad so they could read and have literary discussions.
Amina was married on 7th May 1942 and bore seven children. She continued working until her fourth child. The concept of a working mother was not very popular in those days but her quest for knowledge and passing knowledge to others overcame all obstacles. She was a positive influence to her husband too and encouraged and supported him. He became Chief Auditor and Director of Finance for the Province of Sindh (Pakistan).
Politically, the 1930s to 40s was a turbulent period in India. There was the struggle for independence on one hand and, on the other, muslims were demanding equal rights or a separate country. Fortunately Sindh was a religiously tolerant province. There was hardly any evidence of Hindu-Muslim conflict. Her own family was divided: some were supporters of Jinnah’s Pakistan, and others supporters of Gandhi and Congress. But Amina was a supporter of Sindh. She wanted generations to remember the former glorious period of Sindh, its independence, the dark period of Mir’s internal conflict, and the resulting victory of Charles Napier of East India company – who was knighted as a reward of conquering Sindh. Atrocities committed on Sindhis during the battle of Miani were truthfully acknowledged by Sir Charles Napier himself, ”If this was a rascality it was a noble rascality”
Amina’s pictorial description and historical perspective on the Mirs of Sindh is not only a tribute to her Motherland but a testimony to her intellectual vigour, academic pursuit and her artistic abilities. Sadly, her sudden and untimely death on 23rd May 1959, at the tender age of 40 years, deprived not only Sindh of one of her zealous devout daughters, but her parents lost their only child, and her seven young children lost a loving mother and her husband lost a supportive and beloved wife. | <urn:uuid:85a461e6-3c5c-4d24-a65c-fe091027a7fe> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.aboardthedemocracytrain.com/archives-and-manuscripts-at-the-bodleian-library | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.987502 | 1,004 | 3.359375 | 3 |
An anchor plate is a structural component used mainly in masonry buildings. These plates are connected to a rod or bolt and are typically visible on the outside of the building. The anchor plate distributes the tension created by its anchor point and stabilizes the connected wall. These plates are usually decorated or stylized, as they are visible on the outside of the building. In older buildings, these plates are made of cast or wrought iron and are usually made of steel in modern construction.
The general construction of an anchor plate is the same, regardless of its actual appearance. These plates are wide and flat—the bigger they are, the wider the distribution area. On a residential building, they are rarely more than 2 feet (65cm) across; on a commercial or industrial structure, they may be much larger. In the center of the plate, there is a hole for connecting the tie rod or bolt that penetrates the masonry wall. In essence, the anchor plate is nothing more than a giant washer.
The rod that sits in the middle of the anchor plate completely penetrates the wall behind it. In connects to the inner frame of the building, often hooking directly into the horizontal floor supports. These connectors are placed approximately every 6 feet (2m) on the outside of a building, on every floor. They are essentially what keeps the outer wall of the building attached to the inner frame.
The outer wall exerts a lot of force on the sunken bolt. In order to counteract this stress, the anchor plate distributes the weight of that wall section over a larger area. The wall exerts the same force regardless of the size of the plate, so a larger surface area dramatically drops the pressure exerted on any given area. If the plate weren’t present, the wall would tear itself off the small head of the bolt.
Many anchor plates have an artistic appearance. These plates are extremely functional, but are crafted to look like a decoration. Even still, the plates have several spots where they make firm contact with the side of the building. Often, the plates are symmetrical, so the pressure spots are directly opposite one another. This improves the strength of the plate after the building begins to settle.
The cast or wrought iron used to make anchor plates before the 20th century were used because both of these materials were easy to work with. Cast iron is brittle and wrought iron bends easily, however. Therefore, neither metal was a perfect material. Modern buildings typically have anchor plates made of steel. High-carbon steel has a very similar appearance to wrought iron and is often used to give an antique look to an anchor plate. | <urn:uuid:99045ead-8330-4b70-8eea-e0e7ef97ff0d> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.aboutmechanics.com/what-is-an-anchor-plate.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.961464 | 537 | 3.796875 | 4 |
A choreographed approach to sustained critical inquiry among Indigenous learners
Garfield Gini-Newman and Jean-Paul Restoule
Models of learning based on compliance and the acquisition of a predetermined set of facts that virtually always constructed a narrative that at best ignored and marginalized Indigenous peoples and at worst perpetuated negative stereotypes have alienated generations of Indigenous youth. Changing the narrative to be more inclusive is a good first step, but on its own will be insufficient. Telling a different story in the same way may improve relevance but will do little to fundamentally reframe education in a way that honours Indigenous ways of learning and knowing. (Ladner, 2018; People for Education (2019).
Re-imagining education through a sustained critical inquiry approach can be a powerful step towards an effective education system for Indigenous youth particularly when approached with four interrelated Indigenous concepts that contribute to Indigenous ways of learning and knowing:
- Cultures of Belonging
- Ethical Relationality
- Two-Eyed Seeing (Etuaptmumk)
- Sharing through Story
Cultures of belonging
The concept of ethical relationality developed by Cree scholar, Dwayne Donald, challenges us to engage children in thoughtful consideration of a variety of perspectives in an attempt to understand how the various histories and experiences have led to competing narratives and are essential in collaboratively moving forward in ways both productive and respectful.
At the heart of understanding ethical relationality is a realization that in a society where some enjoy greater status and wealth others must, as a consequence, be marginalized and impoverished to some degree. For students to grapple with this reality they must confront the implications of colonization and they must give consideration to how the fates and opportunities in life of one people are bound up with those others. This presents the students with the ethical challenge of attempting to imagine a future society in which fairness and equity is a shared experience for all within these relations. Citizenship, going forward, will require a reckoning with and deeper understanding of how Indigenous people relate to and tell stories about the lands we all share.
Operationalizing the concept of ethical relationality requires renovations to traditional western approaches to learning. While considering multiple perspectives is not new to many educators, understanding the potential for bias and seeing bias and impartial perspectives as a continuum rather than a binary relationship opens up the opportunity for thoughtful consideration of how perspectives have been arrived at and the degree of validity of competing perspectives.
Another significant renovation in approaches to teaching and learning necessary for ethical relationality is for learning to be holistic by design rather than a series of disconnected lessons.
Two-eyed Seeing (Etuaptmumk)
Sharing through Story
For Indigenous cultures sharing through story has long been an important cultural practice (Archibald, 2008). The passing on of important knowledge, beliefs and traditions has taken many forms including oral storytelling, ceremony, drumming, pictographs, medicine wheels and dance. Few of these forms have been given substantial credence in western education as a measure of learning. Far too often assessments of learning in schools is an unpleasant exercise administered to students when the intended learning has ended. Most students see assessments as a stressful exercise where they are judged by teachers on their performance on tasks for which they often see little value. Embracing the concept of sharing through story requires not only a re-thinking of what constitutes legitimate evidence of learning, but also a re-thinking of the driving purpose for the product or performance (beyond grades) and who should be the intended audience (beyond teachers) so that assessments for students become a source of inspiration to learn.
Framing learning around powerful sustained critical inquiry
When considered as integrated and mutually reinforcing concepts, cultures of belonging, ethical relationality, two-eyed seeing and sharing through story put forward a vision of learning that is built upon students being active participants in constructing knowledge that is relevant to them, takes them deep into the learning through a reconciliation of various perspectives and encourages a sharing of their learning journey with authentic audiences through a variety of mediums. While this might seem like a tall order, it is achievable through a sustained critical inquiry approach.
Designing for Sustained Critical Inquiry
Consider the language typically used in describing the tasks students complete in school – summative assessments and culminating activities/task – both make the task a demonstration of learning that often occurs at the end of the learning to provide evidence of success at achieving the desired outcomes. What if we were to re-frame how we view and label the tasks so that they become the “driving tasks” that act as an invitation for students to learn? By making rich, meaningful tasks the drivers for learning we will better be able to create cultures of belonging and nurture ethical relationality through sustained critical inquiry.
Four Keys to powerful sustained critical inquiry
- Cultivate a culture of inquiry: Invert the conventional approach so that the invitation to solve a problem is the driver for the learning rather than the culmination for learning.
- Problematize everything: Make critical thinking a routine part of learning by developing daily lessons that explore manageable and focused critical challenges.
- Allow students to affirm, revise or extend their thinking through continual reflection: Encourage reflection and support failing forward (e.g., a Thoughtbook where students predict, speculate, hypothesize as they learn through observation, detecting and describing patterns, internalizing, witnessing and deconstructing. As their learning deepens students are encouraged to use their Thoughtbook to revise, edit, confirm and extend their beliefs and understandings.).
- Invite demonstrations of learning that are real: Design assessments tasks that connect with the world beyond the classroom in terms of authentic purpose and audience.
How can we promote sustained critical inquiry?
Creating opportunities for sustained critical inquiry begins with the framing of an over-arching inquiry question and an over-arching challenge that will focus the learning and provide a clear target for students. When care is taken to frame the over-arching question so as to invite a critically-thoughtful response it ensures students are engaged in what Elders Albert and Murdena Marshall described as Two-eyed seeing as they consider a variety of perspectives relating to the issue under consideration. With a rich, generative question driving the learning, students are able to imagine, test, revise and extend their thinking. This approach supports “incremental learning” as opposed to “entity learning” where the answers expected of students are both limited and fixed. Incremental learning helps to nurture cultures of belonging as students carefully consider evidence to arrive at a range of plausible answers rather than finding the one correct answer.
Creating the conditions for sustained critical inquiry involves two distinct types of inquiry. “Mucking about inquiry” refers to the phase of inquiry where we first invite students to offer an initial speculation, conjecture, prediction or in the case of creating to sketch a prototype. Teachers can encourage intellectual mucking about by beginning with a learning launch that invites a prediction, speculation, initial drafting of ideas, or imagining an ideal product or performance that would address the challenge with which they have been presented.
Drawing inspiration from the popular game Angry Birds, this phase can be seen as launching the birds during which teachers present an authentic and provocative challenge and invite students to record an initial response in their Thoughtbook. The use of a Thoughtbook in supporting student inquiry helps to promote ethical relationality as it invites students to offer an initial response and to revise their response as new perspectives and new information is examined. Shifting learning from seeking out correct answers to constructing reasonable responses encourages students to reconcile what might at first appear to be conflicting perspectives or to come to understand that views that differ are not necessarily right or wrong but rather may reflect alternative understandings or arise from a different system of knowledge. Thoughtbooks can also be used to encourage students to iteratively develop their response to a challenge. Used in this way, Thoughtbooks provide a concrete approach for students to develop their capacity to share their learning through stories that can take multiple forms from drama, drumming and dance to oral or written accounts. Cajete (1999), reflecting on how to begin thinking about scientific questions for Indigenous learners, proposed that artistic and aesthetic connections between knower and the phenomena to be inquired about could be the starting point. Sketching a tree can lead to inquiry about why the leaves are shaped the way they are or what is the connection between this tree and its neighbours. What other creatures depend on this tree to survive? What is the role of the tree in the larger ecosystem? Continually asking the discovery questions, originally rooted in an artistic or aesthetic connection, can be represented in a Thoughtbook that moves from sketch/connection to inquiry to seeking the answers.
As their learning deepens, students are invited to continually reflect on their response, extending, revising, or even re-starting if necessary. The meta-cognitive process supported by the use of a Thoughtbook allows for learning to be an iterative journey as students reflect on what is working or not working and seek new information and understandings allowing them to fail forward which contributes to building a culture of belonging.
In order for inquiry not to become a fruitless and frustrating exercise for students it is essential that student explorations are supplemented by “guided inquiry” during which teachers carefully choreograph the development of the intellectual tools students need to be able to deepen and extend their learning. One of the key intellectual tools required for students to construct critically-thoughtful responses to rich inquiries is sufficient background knowledge. Teachers can help to ensure that students have access to the requisite background to engage meaningfully with a challenge by identifying 2-4 lines of inquiry that will help students develop conceptual and procedural understandings necessary to successfully respond to the over-arching inquiry through careful consideration of relevant information and a variety of perspectives. Providing students with a learning map helps them to understand the relationships between the broad learning goals, the lines of inquiry and the daily lessons which ensures sustained inquiry over time leading to deep understanding of key concepts and the opportunity to nurture important competences.
In a sustained critical inquiry approach to curriculum design teachers scaffold learning by carefully planning a series of lines of Inquiry and by teaching the intellectual tools that will become the enablers allowing students to arrive at thoughtful and often innovative solutions to the challenge presented. This approach allows for setbacks or “failures” to be embraced as opportunities for learning rather than viewed as evidence of shortcomings which is important in creating cultures of belonging and developing ethical relationality.
Concluding thoughts on supporting Indigenous learners through sustained critical inquiry
Using a sustained critical inquiry approach helps to cultivate ethical relationality and two-eyed seeing by encouraging learners to carefully analyze and come to understand how the world can be viewed through different experiences and through different value systems. Shifting learning from the seeking of a set of predetermined correct answers to the construction of sound responses to questions and issues of relevance helps to ensure students are engaged in learning that is meaningful and transferable. Allowing students to iteratively develop their response to the provocations that launch the inquiry help students to develop both resilience and perseverance as they explore areas with a culture of belonging. And, by allowing students to share their learning through authentic products and/or performances with authentic audiences, students realize the power of story and of their voice in responding to challenges that are of relevance to their lives. Teaching and learning through a sustained critical inquiry approach unites many aspects of effective teaching in a manageable, coherent and transparent plan ensuring the understandings and competencies required by students are explicitly, effectively and diversely addressed to meet the needs of all students.
Adichie, Chimamanda, (2009, July) Chimamanda Adichie: The Danger of a Single Story [Video file] Retrieved from https://www.ted.com/talks/chimamanda_adichie_the_danger_of_a_single_story)
Archibald, Jo-ann. (2008). Indigenous storywork: Educating the heart, mind, body, and spirit. Vancouver: UBC Press.
Cajete, Gregory. (1999). Igniting the sparkle: An Indigenous science education model. Asheville, NC: Kivaki Press.
Donald, Dwayne Trevor, “Forts, Curriculum, and Indigenous Métissage: Imagining Decolonization of Aboriginal-Canadian Relations in Educational Contexts” in Imagining Decolonization of Aboriginal-Canadian Relations. P. 6-7 Retrieved from http://www.mfnerc.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/004_Donald.pdf
Gini-Newman, Garfield and Gini-Newman, Laura. Quick Guide to Thinking Classrooms: Using Thoughtbooks to Sustain Inquiry. Vancouver: The Critical Thinking Consortium, 2016, page 3.
Integrative Science, Retrieved from, http://www.integrativescience.ca/uploads/files/Two-Eyed%20Seeing-AMarshall-Thinkers%20Lodge2017(1).pdf
Ladner, Kiera. (2018). Proceed with caution: Reflections on resurgence and reconciliation. In Asch, Borrows, & Tully (Eds.), Resurgence and reconciliation: Indigenous-Settler relations and Earth Teachings, pp. 245-264. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
People for Education (2019). What Makes a School? Annual Report on Ontario’s Publicly Funded Schools 2019. Toronto, ON. Available:
Restoule, Jean-Paul (2000). Walking on one earth: An Aboriginal education example. Environments, 28(2), pp.37-48. | <urn:uuid:0fdb7c50-f164-4919-b002-da0a5620db57> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.almafoundation.ca/a-choreographed-approach-to-sustained-critical-inquiry/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.938851 | 2,786 | 3.25 | 3 |
Why we need to talk about caste
Hey! Did you see that article the other day about caste? Shocking right?!
Hi! Article about what sorry? What is caste?
Caste is a social hierarchy. A very extreme social hierarchy. The caste you are born into decides your job, role in society and how people treat you. This is lifelong. You are born into a caste and you die in that caste.
Gosh! Sounds quite intense… Where is this caste thing a thing?
The caste system comes from India and now has spread to other countries, including the UK, within the south Asian communities there.
I see. So what levels are there in the caste system?
This is probably best explained with a diagram! Notice how the Dalits are separate to the rest of the hierarchy. They are seen as the lowest of the low and almost sub-human.
So why is the caste system the way it is?
The background to the caste system is highly religious. It is based on karma. The caste you are born into is seen as a result of your sins or good deeds in your past life.
I mean this is all very interesting but what does this mean for us?
The prejudice that still exists today against those of lower castes, especially the Dalits, is a Human Rights issue.
How so? Is it really that bad today still?!
It is unfortunately! Particularly for children and their education. Indian law states that all schools need to include children of all castes. However, in reality, Dalit children are made to sit at the back of the class and are stopped from interacting with children from other castes.
A report by UNICEF found that Dalit children consistently fare poorer across many areas of primary education. Limited education means limited opportunities.
And what happens in other countries then? Like the UK?
When people leave India, they take their caste with them. This means that within South Asian communities in the UK, there is still caste prejudice. The discrimination here is more subtle. For example: no mixing of social groups of different castes; shopkeepers refusing to hand money or goods directly to Dalits.
But discrimination is illegal, right?
It is but at the moment UK law does not recognise caste discrimination as an explicit form of discrimination.
I see. So it’s all a bit complicated then! How can I find out more about it?
Take a look at the UK Dalit solidarity network. They are very active in lobbying on caste.
Our blogs are written by Amnesty International staff, volunteers and other interested individuals, to encourage debate around human rights issues. They do not necessarily represent the views of Amnesty International. | <urn:uuid:f7df9703-a4dd-423e-9b03-7aab2cf3f68a> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.amnesty.org.uk/blogs/childrens-human-rights-network-blog/why-we-need-talk-about-caste | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.966553 | 556 | 2.78125 | 3 |
The word diamond originates from two Greek terms: “adamas”(indomitable) and “diaphanes” (transparent). Its use dates back to 1000 D.C. in India, which was when the stone began to be cut and people started to appreciate its beauty, created by the light reflected by its facets. Over time, a diamond mounted on a ring, due to the inalterability of the stone, assumed the meaning of marriage and the eternity of the bond of love. A diamond is judged by four different characteristics, which can be combined in many ways and thereby determine the value of the gem.
The colour of a diamond is perhaps its most obvious characteristic, distinguishable even with the naked eye. In general, the whiter the diamond, the more light passes through the stone, easily reflecting towards the observer. The colour of a diamond greatly affects the value of every single stone, contributing significantly to its price.
Diamonds classified according to the GIA scale as “colourless” (D-E-F) are exceptionally rare and difficult to distinguish without directly comparing them to those of the following bands (G- H).
Almost all diamonds contain minute traces of non-crystallized carbon, the element from which they originated. Many of these traces are not discernible to the naked eye and need to be enlarged to become visible. They are called inclusions and are the natural fingerprints which make each diamond unique. | <urn:uuid:183dcb32-0ee5-4c49-bdbe-7ed8ee49e04d> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.artlineajewels.com/diamond/stardust/ad967-18kt-gold-pave-diamond-ring/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.960301 | 300 | 3.421875 | 3 |
The only limit to field stop size is the inside diameter of the eyepiece’s barrel. So, for example, a 20mm 2″ eyepiece will show more sky than a 20mm 1¼” eyepiece through the same telescope. What’s more, the magnification through both eyepieces will be the same.
Most observers prefer a wider field that doesn’t sacrifice higher magnification. This really helps skywatchers whose telescopes lack a motorized drive. A wider true field of view means you have to manually move your scope less often to follow objects as Earth rotates. — Michael E. Bakich, Senior Editor | <urn:uuid:2394ae21-04f2-48fd-9665-39ed7c0e304e> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.astronomy.com/observing/what-is-the-benefit-of-a-2-eyepiece-compared-to-a-1%C2%BC-eyepiece/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.899742 | 137 | 2.65625 | 3 |
The dark patch to the left of center is swaddled in so much dust that even the infrared light is blocked. It is within these dark wombs that stars are just beginning to take shape.
Called the Serpens Cloud Core, this star-forming region is located about 750 light-years away in Serpens, a constellation named after its resemblance to a snake in visible light. The region contains only stars of relatively low to moderate mass, and lacks any of the massive and incredibly bright stars found in larger star-forming regions like the Orion Nebula (M42). The Sun is a star of moderate mass. Whether our star formed in a low-mass stellar region like Serpens or a high-mass stellar region like Orion is an ongoing mystery.
The inner Serpens Cloud Core is remarkably detailed in this image, which was assembled from 82 snapshots representing a whopping 16.2 hours of Spitzer observing time. The observations were made during Spitzer’s “warm mission,” a phase that began in 2009 after the observatory ran out of liquid coolant, as planned.
Most of the small dots in this image are stars located behind or in front of the Serpens nebula. | <urn:uuid:4146c075-f86a-4aa0-9db8-b9138d111ee4> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.astronomy.com/science/the-serpent-star-forming-cloud-hatches-new-stars/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.960747 | 251 | 3.9375 | 4 |
Occasionally, a new development comes along that provides some optimism about our prospects for making positive changes in our living habits.
One such development is the emergence of new uses for a species of grass that has been around far longer than we have
Bamboo has been used for everything from food to bridge building for millennia but consumers and manufacturers are taking a fresh look at all that this amazing plant has to offer.
By now, nearly everyone knows that we are depleting the natural resources of the only home that we have at a rate that is well past sustainable. To some extent, we have become inured to alarming reports and ominous warnings about our wasteful ways.Media outlets yammer away about Overpopulation, Global Warming and Deforestation and these reports either fatigue or motivate us to make necessary changes in our lives.
How Bamboo Helps Environment
Benefits of Bamboo
Bamboo's natural cooling properties stem from its hollow structure and porous composition. These features facilitate effective ventilation, allowing air to circulate and dissipate heat. This innate ability makes bamboo an ideal material for structures, promoting a naturally cool and comfortable environment in various climates. | <urn:uuid:9f31fb9a-ba63-4b95-a073-3908ebff6166> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.bamboohouseindia.org/why-bamboo | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.944435 | 231 | 2.765625 | 3 |
A Review On Male Infertility
Male subfertility is common, and it causes significant distress to couples. The most common cause of male subfertility is idiopathic failure of spermatogenesis, Compared to reproductive specialists, endocrinologists may see a population of men that have a higher prevalence of treatable causes of subfertility including sexual disorders, endocrinopathies, obesity, drugs, and ejaculatory dysfunction. Seminal fluid analysis is the most important diagnostic study, and at least 2 samples should be analyzed. All patients with sperm concentrations < 10 million/mL due to idiopathic spermatogenic defects should be referred for genetic counseling and karyotyping; most experts also recommend that these patients be tested for Y chromosomal microdeletions. For most men with low sperm concentrations due to gonadotropin deficiency, gonadotropin therapy effectively increases spermatogenesis. The endocrinologist must recognize when to use medical therapy to stimulate spermatogenesis and when to refer for consideration of assisted reproductive technology.
Birdem Med J 2014; 4(2): 94-104 | <urn:uuid:e7b6b49d-399e-4bc5-931d-7f83ff43fec1> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BIRDEM/article/view/33198 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.893337 | 228 | 2.5625 | 3 |
For many people the River Ryton is not immediately visible in the Town Centre, but the floods of last year were a reminder of the presence of a force of nature.
Over time, the course of the river has changed and it has become constrained within artificial banks, whilst also having been built over on Bridge Street and the Priory Centre. There is no bridge on Bridge Street and the only reminder of the presence of the river is on the ground with swirls picked out in the paving, hinting at the water below.
The River Ryton brings nature into the Town Centre and as such is an asset with a great potential to add economic value, whilst also providing new habitats. By providing flood storage upstream and removing obstructions downstream, the river can once again be a good neighbour and, through the restoration of natural processes in the channel, this attractive feature will provide the setting for the development of the future Town Centre.
Like many towns Worksop has ‘turned its back’ to the river. In the future, opportunities should be taken to improve access and create buildings that overlook this asset with the opportunity for new public spaces, leisure and living, all enhanced by the presence of water.
The map of 1900 shows the course of the river through the town and the amount of space around the water, including green spaces and trees.
To the north of the River and once important for the town in terms of supporting industry is the Chesterfield Canal. Restored as a navigable waterway after falling into disrepair in the twentieth century, the canal has a wide range of characterful buildings alongside what is an important route for canal boats and also the tow path for walking and cycling. With connections to many places in Nottinghamshire, South Yorkshire and Derbyshire the Chesterfield Canal has a great potential for sustainable tourism, bringing people directly into the Town Centre.
Through the removal of unsympathetic buildings and opening up views and connections to the waterside the river and canal environment in the valley offers a great potential for leisure, employment and living. Many towns and cities have re-imagined their waterside places and their relationship to the aquatic environment.
In addition to the immediate waterside environment, there is an opportunity to green the whole of the valley, bringing nature into the urban environment through public art and improvements to the streetscape. Water features and play could also form part of the Town Centre experience, driving up footfall and retaining people for longer.
The waterside could become the focus for a new evening economy whilst also being a great place to spend time during the day. The Canch is already an attractive Town Centre park and greenspace and this would extend this offer. The river valley and Canalside could be the start of a much wider ‘blue and green environment’ that helps to manage flood risk, whilst also creating new habitats. This allied to possible improvements in terms of access and visibility to Sandhill Lake is the start of a new ‘green’ future for Worksop.
The national cycle route uses the Chesterfield Canal through Worksop and this route, alongside the proposed improved walking and cycling infrastructure in the town centre will support health and wellbeing through providing access to nature.
Timothy Crawshaw (MA MRTPI FRSA) is an International Planning and Development Consultant in the areas of urban design, planning, green infrastructure, energy efficiency and sustainable transport.
With experience in Eastern Europe, Africa and the Middle East, alongside an expanding UK practice, he has a specific interest in the role of the nature based approaches to addressing the climate emergency, alongside improving health and wellbeing outcomes and tackling inequality.
Timothy is an experienced lecturer, trainer and facilitator with a passion for community development, and he continues to champion the role of planning as a key part of the solution to the challenges of our times. Timothy is currently the Chair of the Tees Valley Nature Partnership and of the Historic Towns and Villages Forum and will be the Vice President of the Royal Town Planning Institute in 2021.
Last Updated on Monday, March 6, 2023 | <urn:uuid:dadcddc5-66dd-4024-a02d-70319b7ca590> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.bassetlaw.gov.uk/business-advice/regeneration-and-investment/the-worksop-masterplan/weekly-blog-by-timothy-crawshaw/waterfront-leisure/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.957935 | 828 | 2.53125 | 3 |
BIOFEEDBACK BEGINNERS' ONLINE CLASS RECORDING
Instructor: Jon Bale, MSc, BCN
Ideal for beginners or individuals looking to enter the field of biofeedback, Jon Bale introduces the concepts of measuring psychophysiological indicators for stress profiles. Over the 5 hours of instruction, participants are guided on how to make sense of data monitoring and displaying biological signals of interest for stress assessments and stress profiles, as well as "rule of thumb" numbers to expect in terms of increased and decreased stress.
Each lesson will cover a different signal modality in terms of:
- underlying physiology
- accurately recording the signal
- expected norms
- basics of self-regulation
- limitations of monitoring
- correct methods for sensor/electrode application
- discrimination of artifacts from real data
The breakdown of the lessons is as follows:
• Lessons 1 & 2: Respiration, Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability (HRV), from both blood-volume pulse (BVP) and electrocardiogram (EKG) sensors.
• Lesson 3: Skin conductance and Peripheral Finger Temperature
• Lesson 4: Muscle Tension (Electromyography) and short introduction to Hemoencephalography (HEG) | <urn:uuid:616e4c20-7d90-49c2-b300-d4987f8adca9> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.bfe.org/buy/biofeedback-beginners-online-class-recording-p-549.html?osCsid=ejlquidk2aag9bubc3em3mofq6 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.850055 | 264 | 2.609375 | 3 |
This is a brief introduction into the concept of Biodiversity Net Gain as a possible solution to habitat loss across the UK. We look at new regulations and how it will affect future land development.
In 2018, Defra published its 25 Year Environment Plan with a key addition to include biodiversity enhancements at the core of its strategy to combat the dramatic loss of habitat and native species populations across the UK. This was later formalised in the Environment Bill in 2019 when The Government announced that it would mandate a net gain in biodiversity. Fast forward to 2022 and a new regulation has been proposed, expected to become law in 2022, whereby any new developments within the UK are required to contribute a minimum increase of 10% to the biodiversity value of the land. For developers, biodiversity protection or restoration becomes a crucial part of the planning process for new developments.
Over the last 50 years, the UK has experienced a significant decline in habitat creation and maintenance, this has threatened many native species populations and will continue to impact the health of ecosystems across the country. Biodiversity net gain (BNG) refers to the approach of measurably improving a natural environment through better practices in land management or development. By implementing this concept nationwide, any new development will directly contribute to the restoration of wildlife populations which, in turn, can help towards improving soil health, water quality and the capturing of carbon in our atmosphere.
The new regulation states that any new development must produce at least a 10% increase in the value of biodiversity of the land. Biodiversity value will be measured using Defra’s Biodiversity Metric which attaches a standard value (in Biodiversity Units) of any area of land, based on the extent and condition of the wildlife habitat of the land. This metric means that there will be a measurable and comparative value that is attached to a specific area, which will determine the viability of any new development with less ambiguity for developers. Developers are incentives to design a comprehensive strategy for achieving BNG, maximising the quality of the habitats that they are creating and maintaining, as this will mean that they have the option to trade Biodiversity credits as a new income stream.
For any new development to achieve a net gain, they must avoid any unnecessary destruction of existing habitats on the development site; restore or reinstate any habitats that are harmed; or create new compensatory habitat to replace what was lost. Developers can use off-site areas to contribute to the value of their development however it is encouraged to do this close to the development area as this will result in a higher biodiversity value through Defra’s metric. If a development is unable to achieve the 10% increase required, they may purchase Biodiversity credits to supplement the deficit. Any habitats (on-site, off-site or delivered using credits) must be maintained for 30 years as a minimum.
The introduction of this scheme will be pivotal in the protection and restoration of the UK’s wildlife. With the new regulations, likely to take effect in 2024, we hope to see an exponential increase in the number and quality of habitats across the country which will contribute to a reduction in the level of carbon in our atmosphere, healthier soil and better water quality. The use of Biodiversity credits, together with the new Environmental Land Management schemes will provide a new income stream for landowners willing to use their land for environmental development. | <urn:uuid:ee23539f-cb5b-490b-a5a5-bf54772ad205> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.biocap.org.uk/post/biodiversity-net-gain-bng | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.93002 | 685 | 3.578125 | 4 |
Dinners in Roberta Olson’s restaurant begin with a taste of k’aaw. The dried herring roe on kelp is a traditional food for the Haida people, an indigenous nation that has called Canada’s Haida Gwaii (Islands of the People) archipelago home for at least 12,000 years. As the roe crunches between your molars, the flavor and sensations combine in a wholly unfamiliar way; imagine chewing pop rocks that taste like the sea. The restaurant, known as Keenawaii’s Kitchen (in reference to Olson’s Haida name), is run out of the living room of her home, its furniture rearranged to accommodate groups of 20 or so hungry patrons. Surrounded by traditional Haida art, facing windows that boast nearly 180-degree views of the Hecate Strait from the town of Skidegate, diners feast on a hearty chowder made from halibut, along with bites of fresh and dried salmon, clams, and herring. For dessert, wild berry pie is accompanied by nettle tea.
Once upon a time, any of the dishes on Olson’s menu could have been made using only animals and plants harvested from Haida Gwaii and from the seas surrounding it. Now, the k’aaw she serves to provide patrons a taste of traditional Haida cuisine have to be imported from Bella Bella, a town some 280 kilometers (174 miles) away on the Canadian mainland. The Haida have a saying: G̱andlaay iinang ad sG̱uuluu G̱ihl—the water is bubbling with herring. But it’s become a linguistic relic from a different time. The kelp forests that once provided a place for herring to deposit their eggs have all but disappeared.
Throughout the archipelago, what was once a lush underwater ecosystem is now an urchin barren: spiky balls as far as the eye can see. Historically, sea urchins coexisted with the kelp, which provided shelter and sustenance for the urchins and dozens of other creatures, including sea otters, abalone, herring, starfish, rockfish, salmon, and more. Sea lions followed the herring, and orcas followed the salmon.
But the fur trade of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries decimated wild sea otter (Enhydra lutris) populations, and with no otters around to eat them, sea urchin populations exploded. The invertebrates gobbled up everything in sight, clearing the area of the kelp forests on which the entire ecosystem hinged.
Conventional wisdom holds that sea otter recovery would help to correct the imbalance, allowing the ecosystem to return to its original state—not unlike the stories told about the reintroduction of wolves into Yellowstone. And that could set the stage for the return of herring, and abalone, and other foods the Haida have relied on for thousands of years.
Thanks to modern protections and conservation efforts, otter populations along the British Columbia mainland and Vancouver Island have begun to recover. While there are no plans to reintroduce otters to the archipelago, with ongoing protection, it seems only a matter of time until they find their way back on their own. Locals say they’ve already seen a few lone individuals floating around the islands.
The prospect of otters returning to Haida Gwaii has some on edge, though. After all, the voracious mammals and fishermen here rely on many of the same food resources, including abalone and the overpopulated urchins.
Rather than wait to see what happens when sea otters return, scientists and officials from the Haida Nation, Parks Canada, and Fisheries and Oceans Canada, together with researchers from academic institutions and non-profit organizations as well as representatives from the commercial fishing sector, are now working within the Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve, Marine Conservation Area Reserve, and Haida Heritage Site. As equal co-managers of Gwaii Haanas (Islands of Beauty), which are part of the larger archipelago, it’s a remarkable example of cooperation, especially considering that the Haida Nation and the Canadian government have never completed a formal treaty.
Together, the researchers are studying the role played by each member of this coastal community—urchins, abalone, kelp, and so on—in order to create a mathematical model for the entire ecosystem. By doing so, they will be better able to anticipate and make policy decisions around what the eventual recovery of otters might mean—for plants, animals, and people alike.
This information will be critical, says Florida State University biologist Dan Okamoto, a scientific collaborator on the study, particularly when the interests of one set of stakeholders, like tour operators who stand to benefit from the eventual return of the charismatic otters, come into conflict with those of another, like commercial urchin fishermen.
Haida culture considers human communities a part of a complete ecosystem, rather than separate from or superimposed onto the natural world. That’s why their traditions are inextricably bound to this place, to the wildlife communities that call it home, and to the rapidly disappearing food resources the ecosystem provides. For the Haida, kelp forest recovery isn’t just about biodiversity conservation. It is also about cultural conservation, about Chiix̱uu Tll iinasdll (nurturing seafood to grow).
If there is to be a future for the Haida Gwaii archipelago, one with a sustainable food harvest as well as a healthy sea otter population, it will require people to be actively involved in the management of the land- and sea-scape, as the Haida have been for thousands of years, says biologist Dan McNeill.
On a cool autumn morning last year, McNeill, scuba tanks on his back and hammer in hand, slipped into the cold water that flows past G̱aysiigas Gwaay (Murchison Island), one of approximately two hundred islands that comprise Haida Gwaii.
McNeill, whose Haida name is Gwiisihlga, is a shellfish specialist for Haida Fisheries and one of several scientists tasked with gathering the data that will feed into the kelp ecosystem model. On this particular day, the task was relatively simple. Dipping beneath the surface, he swam a couple dozen feet toward the bottom, where multicolored urchins blanketed the seafloor. Once there, he began harvesting the urchins that seemed likely to contain large enough chii, the edible gonads referred to by the Japanese name uni, to be worth hauling back to shore. The truth is, most of the urchins McNeill saw on that day weren’t worth the trouble.
“When you go down into the barrens,” says marine ecologist Lynn Lee, who is technical lead for the kelp forest restoration study, “only [those] in the first few meters are any good for the market—right against the kelp line in the shallows.” This is because urchins tend to avoid the shallowest areas, where breaking waves would thrash them about, and that leaves only a narrow strip of kelp to grow unencumbered.
After collecting a small haul, McNeill and the rest of the team he supervises began systematically dispatching the unmarketable urchins with a hammer, leaving their shattered corpses behind to serve as food for fish and other invertebrates, their nutrients reclaimed by the ecosystem. They would go on to kill hundreds of the spiky invertebrates that day. “I think well over a half million urchins have been removed from the research site now,” McNeill says. “And there’s easily another hundred thousand [remaining].”
What might have looked like a malicious act was, in fact, the team’s effort to make up for the absence of otters here, albeit on a relatively small, experimental scale.
“We don’t have sea otters in Gwaii Haanas right now,” says Lee. “[But] what if we could mimic the effects of sea otters eating urchins? If we decrease the urchin population to the same degree that otters would, then we expect that the kelp spores will survive, and a kelp forest will start to grow.” And that could, in turn, bolster the local population of endangered northern (or pinto) abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana) and other species that rely on kelp forest habitats to survive. In other words, if McNeill and his team can make an otter-sized dent in the urchin population, the ecosystem could perhaps begin to right itself.
Lee’s idea is based in large part on her previous research. Several years ago, as part of her PhD work at Simon Fraser University, she compared otter-free areas with sites where the predators had been reintroduced. She discovered that otter predation suppressed urchin populations enough to benefit the abalone. Even though some of the mollusks inevitably wound up down otter gullets, the indirect and long-term effects on abalone outweighed the immediate ones, thanks to the critical habitat that the predators helped to restore.
This idea is supported by the team’s recent urchin-smashing experiment. Six months after it began, Lee, McNeill, and the rest of the team returned to re-survey the treatment area, which spans some 20 hectares along 3 kilometers of Gwaii Haanas coastline. There, they saw bull kelp (Nereocystis luetkeana)—an annual species that can grow up to 10 inches per day—already beginning to recolonize the area, hundreds of individual kelp spikes sprouting from the seafloor. The control site, which did not get the urchin-cull treatment, was unchanged: a vast urchin barren, nary a kelp to be found.
While Lee isn’t willing to make sweeping conclusions yet—the data has not yet been fully tallied—her hunch is that fish abundance had also increased, as other ocean dwellers began to take advantage of the recovering habitat. “It was pretty amazing to see the change,” she says. “The ecosystem response has been phenomenally quick, faster than I had thought.”
On a calm summer day, three months after that follow-up survey, Okamoto, the Florida State biologist, and his graduate student Nathan Spindel are sorting urchins aboard a floating laboratory in a sheltered bay in the Bischofs, a string of islands about 20 minutes by boat from Murchison Island. Spindel places each animal, collected from the seafloor earlier that day, into its own tank, and after giving the creature time to acclimate to its new surroundings, seals the tank shut.
Small sensors inside the tanks monitor the amount of dissolved oxygen in the seawater and send the information to a laptop computer nearby. As the urchins breathe, the concentration of oxygen inside the tank drops. By monitoring the rate at which the oxygen level decreases, Spindel can get a rough estimate of the urchin’s metabolic rate, a proxy for its overall wellbeing.
While the findings haven’t been formally published yet, early results are consistent with the researchers’ expectations. Well-fed urchins collected near the kelp line in the control site have higher metabolic rates than those collected from the barrens. It’s an adaptation, Spindel says: By slowing their metabolism, urchins can survive longer in a barren, where food is scarce.
Later, Okamoto uses a special Japanese tool he picked up online designed for cracking urchins apart so that he can have a look at their reproductive organs. Large and butter-colored, the gonads from these urchins are in prime condition—and they taste delicious. By contrast, the gonads of urchins collected from the barrens are smaller and darker.
Spindel thinks of urchins in a barren as a zombie army. “They can persist in a barren state for decades,” he says. They may find enough food to scrape by, but without adequate nourishment, their gonads won’t develop enough to be capable of reproduction, let alone to be worth placing atop a ball of rice and dunking into soy sauce. If the ultimate purpose of all biological life is to survive and reproduce, zombie urchins have only succeeded halfway.
Spindel will go on to subject urchins collected from the area where the cull was conducted to the same tests inside the sealed tanks. The shallow-zone urchins, living near the kelp line, were once again perfectly healthy, Lee tells me later. And those collected from deeper areas, where fresh bull kelp had begun to grow, showed signs that their condition was beginning to improve. In other words, the early evidence suggests that the animals are indeed responding to the intervention.
This means, at least in principle, that while the return of otters would likely result in a smaller urchin population, the overall community would have fewer zombies. They would have larger gonads, better for the long-term prospects of the urchin population.
“Long ago, our people knew how to harvest and knew how to keep balance so that the ecosystem still had all parts intact.”
— Barbara Wilson, Haida elder
This is potentially good news for creatures like abalone that also depend on intact kelp forests. While Spindel keeps his eyes on the urchin experiment, nearby Leandre Vigneault is focused on several sacks of abalone that divers collected earlier in the day from both the experimental and the control sites. He uses a small electric grinder to harmlessly carve out two spots in the outer layer of each mollusk’s shell, just large enough for a pair of tiny numbered tags. Having done this particular task several summers in a row, his speed and efficiency minimizes the stress to the animals, though “they do seem to have moods,” he says. Some are remarkably tolerant of the vibrations from the tool, while others twist their bodies around in a futile attempt to escape.
As he epoxies the tags onto each shell, the numbers are recorded in a logbook, along with the abalones’ sex, weight, and other data. Later, the mollusks will be returned to the locations where they were collected, and next summer, Okamoto will use their tags to identify the individuals he’s able to re-capture, and assess their wellbeing.
By doing this season after season, he’ll be able to determine whether the abalone in the experimental site, where the urchin population has been artificially reduced, are more likely to survive, how mobile they are, and whether they are more likely to reproduce than abalone in the control site. If so, then the results of this study would bolster Lee’s earlier findings, that by chowing down on urchins, otters can play a positive—if indirect—role in the recovery of northern abalone.
While that would be good news from a research and conservation perspective, convincing fishermen of the benefits of otters is a taller order.
“From our fishery point of view, the biggest threat to the sustainability of red sea urchin [harvest] is sea otters,” says Mike Featherstone, President of the Pacific Urchin Harvesters’ Association, which is also a partner on the kelp forest recovery project. As evidence, he points to areas where otters have begun to recover. Crab traps sit useless on Alaska docks because otters have eaten up all the crabs, he says. If otters return to Haida Gwaii, he fears the same could happen there, for urchins and abalone. “There will be no commercial fishing, and there will be no recreational fishing,” he says.
The trouble with that complaint, many experts argue, is that these fisheries have only ever been commercially profitable because of the extirpation of sea otters nearly two centuries ago. In 2003, researchers discovered that large red sea urchins (Mesocentrotus franciscanus) in coastal British Columbia could be more than a hundred years old. This means that the modern commercial urchin fishery relies upon populations that grew as a direct result of the reduction in predation by otters.
“Since the extirpation of the sea otters, the foods that we share with them have become commercialized,” says Haida elder Barbara Wilson, whose recent Master’s thesis at Simon Fraser University focused on employing traditional teachings to develop climate change adaptation strategies on Haida Gwaii.
The fur trade may have turned the kelp forest ecosystem on its side, but the commercial fisheries that grew up in its place have continued to exploit it, taking advantage of its altered, otter-less state. That exploitation may, at one time, have appeared sustainable but what does a sustainable harvest even mean in an already-altered ecosystem?
Fast forward two hundred years and even the 36-year-old McNeill has noticed the decreasing availability of traditional foods since he was a child. “There’s hardly anything left. This is not sustainable as it once was.” Indeed, while abalone populations initially increased alongside urchin populations when otters were removed, they later crashed as a consequence of habitat loss and overharvest. And the lack of local k’aaw for Roberta Olson’s dinners owes at least as much to the impact of the herring fishery over the last few decades as it does to the much earlier slaughter of otters.
The Haida have another saying: Chiix̱was gen gaguu gataa daanaay guu ga taa iijii—when the tide is out, the table is set. But now, as Roberta Olson and others have learned, the table can no longer be set simply by wading a few meters past the beach.
To achieve biodiversity conservation alongside food cultivation goals, says Wilson, will require merging traditional Haida knowledge with modern scientific evidence. “Long ago, our people knew how to harvest and knew how to keep balance so that the ecosystem still had all parts intact.” Indeed, Haida communities found a way to coexist with otters while still harvesting enough urchins and abalone to feed pre-contact populations, which likely numbered more than 10,000 people.
That balance meant the exclusion of otters from traditional food-gathering areas. The Haida hunted the marine mammals from canoes using bows and arrows or harpoons. By keeping certain areas free of otters, more food resources became available to Haida people.
“There was a management regime up and down the coast by all the nations. They didn’t just get rid of them,” says Wilson referring to the otters. The ancient, pre-fur trade coastline was like a patchwork quilt. In areas kept free of otters through hunting, humans had the chance to partake of the invertebrate bounty. Other areas, further from human communities, would have been available to the otters as a refuge from hunting pressure. “They realized that balance is important, and that’s the thing that’s missing now,” she says.
As human communities moved around, the otter-exclusion zones would have shifted accordingly, allowing each exploited area the chance to recover. It wasn’t until the Haida began to supply fur traders with otter pelts that the balance Wilson speaks of began to wobble: The hunting pressure on otters intensified, and the decreasing Haida population began shifting from small, temporary villages into larger, permanent communities.
“With the return of sea otters, there’s going to be competition with commercial [fisheries],” says Wilson, as well as with the 2,500 or so Haida still remaining in their ancestral homeland, who continue to turn to the sea for food.
If that day comes, perhaps the Haida Nation together with the Canadian government could permit the Haida people to resume their traditional otter hunting practices, in a limited, scientifically-informed manner, as some Native Alaskan communities are now allowed to do, Wilson says. “Let’s look at what our ancestors did and see what we can reinstate so we can live together again,” she says, and ensure that the Haida culture will live on for generations to come.
For his part, McNeill is trying to introduce young people in Haida Gwaii to traditionally important foods. “That’s why we’re bringing urchins into the community, into the schools, going around to the elders, handing them out,” he says. For McNeill, that’s only half the job. “It’s one thing receiving and eating,” he says. “But it’s another thing being out there on the water, harvesting, paying your respect to the critter. All of that stuff is critically important for our culture to keep going.”
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What diseases do ticks carry in Australia?
Tick-borne diseases occurring in Australia are Australian Tick Typhus or ‘Spotted Fever’ (along the coastal strip of eastern Australia from North Queensland to Victoria) and ‘Flinders Island Spotted Fever’ (in Victoria, Tasmania and Flinders Island in Bass Strait).
Can you get sick from a tick in Australia?
Whilst tick bites in Australia potentially can cause various diseases including bacterial and viral infections, paralysis, allergies, autoimmune disorders, post-infection fatigue and allegedly poorly quantified illnesses, the exact incidence of tick-borne disease in Australia is unknown (Graves and Stenos, 2017).
What are 3 diseases can you get from a tick?
Diseases that can be Transmitted by Ticks
- Lyme Disease.
- Powassan Virus Disease.
- Borrelia miyamotoi Disease.
- Borrelia mayonii Disease.
- Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF)
What are the 4 tick-borne diseases?
Some of the most common tick-borne diseases in the United States include: Lyme disease, babesiosis, ehrlichiosis, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, anaplasmosis, Southern Tick-Associated Rash Illness, Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever, and tularemia.
When are ticks most active in Australia?
This tick has a distinct seasonality; the larval stage is most active during the autumn months, the nymph during winter and the adult during the spring. This tick is most active during periods of high humidity, especially after rain, and this is when you should take particular care to avoid tick bites.
What are symptoms of tick-borne diseases?
Symptoms of Tickborne Disease
- Fever and/or chills: Patients can experience fever at varying degrees and time of onset.
- Aches and pains: Tickborne disease symptoms include headache, fatigue, and muscle aches.
- Rash: Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, tularemia and ehrlichiosis can result in distinctive rashes.
Can ticks make humans sick?
Ticks are parasites that feed on human and animal blood. A tick bite is usually harmless, but sometimes it can cause an allergic reaction or serious illness.
What are symptoms of tick borne diseases?
Are tick borne diseases curable?
There is no cure for an infection. Treatment may include IV fluids and pain medications.
What are tick infested areas?
The following are a few common tick habitats where it’s advisable to keep a close eye out for ticks:
- Wood piles, which can often harbor mice and other rodents.
- High grassy areas.
- Wooded areas.
- Stone walls and other features that may retain moisture.
- Leaf piles and litter.
- Fallen and low-hanging branches.
- Overgrown shrubs.
Where are ticks in Australia?
The Paralysis Tick, Ixodes holocyclus, is found along the eastern seaboard of Australia east of the Great Dividing Range, and possibly into Tasmania. It is commonly referred to as the grass tick, seed tick and bush tick depending upon its stage of development.
Are ticks active in winter Australia?
Is there a tick season? The official Australian tick season doesn’t usually start until September however with changing weather patterns and as the climate warms, it is now more likely that ticks will remain active during winter.
Is there a tick-borne disease in Australia?
This tick-borne disease has been reported on Barrow Island in the north-west coast of Western Australia. Although it is also found in Amblyomma limbatum, no confirmed report of transmission of R. gravesiiby this tick has been published yet. QTT is an emerging public health threat along the whole eastern seaboard of Australia.
What happens if a tick bites you in Australia?
Summary 1 Tick bites in Australia can lead to a variety of illnesses in patients. 2 Rickettsial (Rickettsia spp.) infections (Queensland tick typhus,… 3 Three species of local ticks transmit bacterial infection following a tick bite: 4 Much about Australian ticks and the medical outcomes following tick bites remains unknown.
What diseases are transmitted by ticks?
Several pathogenic bacteria have been isolated from human-biting ticks collected within Australia or have been transmitted in other parts of the globe by ticks of genera endemic in Australia. Some of these diseases, including anaplasmosis, bartonellosis, melioidosis, and tularemia have been discussed in this review.
Do ticks cause paralysis in humans?
In Tasmania, I. cornuatusis the only tick that has been clinically associated with paralysis and is the most common tick found on domestic animals. In contrast, I. holocyclusis the most common tick that causes tick paralysis in domestic animals, humans, and wildlife in Australia. | <urn:uuid:eaeca1e0-0c69-481a-90d4-78ce4a388cf9> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.cagednomoremovie.com/what-diseases-do-ticks-carry-in-australia/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.921849 | 1,029 | 3.34375 | 3 |
Acid reflux is caused when the esophageal sphincter, which separates the stomach from the esophagus, allows acid to seep. Often, this acid can cause heartburn, but not always. In the absence of heartburn symptoms, one of the first indications that a person may have acid reflux is the erosion of the enamel on their molars or the backside of their teeth. Since your stomach acid can eat away at the enamel on your teeth, your dentist may be the first to notice the symptoms of acid reflux when they detect tooth enamel loss. If detected, your dentist may refer you to a specialist who may prescribe treatment or recommend lifestyle changes specifically for acid reflux treatment, such as avoiding acidic foods.
As you age, you become more vulnerable to developing chronic diseases such as diabetes, osteoporosis, and heart disease. According to current studies, symptoms of these diseases can manifest themselves in the mouth, making dentists key in diagnosing the diseases. Your dentist may be the first health professional to notice a problem. In addition, it is essential to visit your dentist regularly because some oral problems, for instance, root decay, can only be detected in its early stages by x-ray examination.
Your dentist can diagnose and treat dental health problems before they become more prominent, more serious dental issues. However, they can only do that when you are making and keeping your regular dental appointments. New research suggests that your mouth’s health mirrors your body’s condition as a whole. When your mouth is healthy, chances are your overall health is good. On the other hand, if you have poor oral health, you may have other health problems. So, seeing a dentist helps keep your mouth in shape and allows your dentist to watch for developments that may point to other health issues.
Health Benefits of Flossing. Flossing is a significant part of your daily dental care habits for your teeth and gums. People only sometimes realize how important it is to care for their gums and teeth. Gum disease is an infection of the gum tissue and bone that support the teeth and is the leading cause of tooth loss in adults. In addition, according to recent studies, it has been shown that the health of your gums may be connected to some chronic diseases. Gum disease has been linked to and may be a risk factor in developing Alzheimer’s disease, heart disease, and diabetes. Experts are studying how inflammation in the mouth caused by gum disease may influence other areas of the body, such as the brain, heart, and pancreas. Although the exact connection between gum disease and some other chronic diseases is unknown, this connection between medical and dental conditions highlights the importance of maintaining good oral health to achieve good overall health.
Regardless of age, brushing your teeth is crucial. Brushing your teeth helps to remove the thin film of bacteria that builds up on your teeth each day and contributes to tooth decay and gum disease. It is suggested that you brush your teeth for at least two to three minutes with fluoridated toothpaste; if possible, brush your teeth after every meal or at least twice a day. However, you will want to pay special attention to your dental care habits as you age. Although tooth decay can occur in any area of the tooth, as you age, decay is more likely to develop around an old filling or the root of the tooth that can become exposed by receding gums. Therefore, make sure to visit your dentist regularly so that they can keep an eye on these factors.
The leading cause of tooth loss in adults is not the aging process but gum disease. It is essential to understand that gum disease can happen at any age. However, with good oral health habits and a healthy lifestyle, you help keep your gums and teeth healthy for a lifetime.
Tooth decay is damage when germs (bacteria) in your mouth make acids that eat away at a tooth, which can lead to a hole called a cavity. If not treated, tooth decay can cause pain, infection, and tooth loss. One of the best ways to avoid tooth decay is having proper dental care habits at home. Such as brushing your teeth twice a day, flossing daily, and using a mouthwash that kills the germs that cause bad breath and gingivitis
Question: I don’t particularly like having to go to the dentist. There is an old saying that an apple a day helps keep the doctor away, so is there anything that works for a dentist?
Answer: Even if you eat an apple, you still need to see a doctor for no other reason than your annual check and exam. The same goes for visiting a dentist. See your dentist regularly for dental checkups; basic cleanings are essential. If you have excellent at-home oral habits (important in maintaining good dental and oral health), you should not avoid seeing a dentist for your checkups.
Cavities can still happen. By seeing your dentist, they can spot a small cavity and fix it before it becomes a much larger cavity with more extensive dental care needs. But that is only some of what a dentist does at your checkup. They look for signs of gum disease/gingivitis and oral cancer. Seeing a dentist is vital to having and maintaining good oral health.
Question: I must have four teeth pulled before I can have braces. I never had my teeth pulled out or any significant dental treatment. Does it hurt?
Answer: Pain depends on the person. However, if you are not under anesthesia during the dental process of pulling your teeth, the dentist will typically numb out your mouth enough so you do not feel any pain. If you feel any pain, you only need to let the dentist know so they can numb that area more. You may have some pain after the process is done. The dentist may prescribe something for the pain if necessary, or you can generally take an over-the-counter product such as Advil or Alive.
When brushing your teeth, you will want to use fluoride toothpaste. Fluoride toothpaste helps to prevent tooth decay. Ask your dentist if you need a mouthwash that contains fluoride or one with ingredients that fight plaque. Also, look for toothpastes that the American Dental Association has approved.
Why is having good dental hygiene habits so important? We talked about having good oral hygiene habits throughout many posts. However, what are the benefits of having good oral hygiene habits? The Benefits of Good Oral Hygiene:
1) Taking care of your teeth and gums helps prevent tooth decay.
2) Good at-home dental habits help prevent gum disease, which can damage gum tissue and the bone that supports teeth, leading to the loss of teeth.
3) Good at-home dental habits help to shorten your time at the dentist and make going to the dentist more pleasant.
4) What to save money? Having good dental habits helps to save you money, too. You can reduce the need for fillings and other costly dental procedures by preventing tooth decay and gum disease.
5) You do not want to have bad breath. Brushing and flossing helps rid your mouth of the bacteria that cause bad breath.
6) You like having white teeth. Good dental habits help keep teeth white by preventing staining from food, drinks, and tobacco.
7) Teeth are meant to last a lifetime, and by having good at-home dental habits, you help ensure you have a pretty smile and one that lasts.
8) Lastly, remember that having good at-home dental hygiene habits does not negate having to see a dentist regularly. Make sure to make and keep your dental checkups.
Research confirms that good oral health is integral to good general health. Studies have found that this link is even more critical for anyone with diabetes. That is why it is vital to practice good dental care habits. Basic dental care involves brushing and flossing your teeth regularly, seeing your dentist for regular checkups and cleanings, and eating a mouth-healthy diet, which means foods high in whole grains, vegetables, fruits, and dairy products.
No matter how great your dental habits are at home, visiting the dentist for regular dental checkups would be best. It is critical to have someone who knows teeth keep tabs on yours. See your dentist regularly so they can look for signs of disease. And remember, how often you need to go will depend on how well you care for your teeth. Most people have to visit only twice a year.
Yellowish-looking baby teeth. My baby daughter’s teeth are just coming in, but they look a yellowish color, and this is starting to concern me. My daughter has six teeth, and I have started brushing her teeth every day, but the yellow does not seem to be going away. Should I be taking her in to see a dentist about her teeth color?
Reply: I suggest seeing your child’s dentist whenever you have concerns about her teeth. Only your dentist can really address your dental care issues. However, you may want to know that teeth are not white. Being a little yellowish should not be an issue in general speaking terms.
California Dental cleaning, Do not want to go to the dentist.
I have to go to the dentist this week for my checkup and cleaning. My mom is making me go, and I do not want to. I hate going to the dentist. That way, I brush my teeth three to four times a day, and I am always flossing once in the morning. Is this enough?
Reply: By you having such good at-home dental care habits it will help you maintain good oral health. But sometimes, even with good dental care at home, you can still have dental care issues that only a dentist can address. It is important to have the twice a year checkups cause only the dentist will be able to spot and treat small issues like cavity before it becomes larger dental care need like a root canal. Many people do not like seeing a dentist, but if you maintain your good at-home dental habits and see the dentist twice a year, hopefully, you will only ever need your twice-a-year checkup.
Dental Insurance and Teeth Night Guards. My current dental insurance denied coverage for me to have night guards. I grind my teeth when I sleep, and the dentist advised me to wear one. However, their cost for night guards without my insurance help is $400.00. I see teeth night guards online for around $25.00 – $50.00. I know they are not custom fitted but will they work just the same? I am not going to spend $400.00 since that is just too much for me right now.
Reply: There are over-the-counter night guards you can buy that do work and are fit to your teeth if you follow the directions provided. However, talk to your dentist. Let your dentist know that cost is a factor and what counter product could he or she suggest for you to try.
What are my options for dental insurance in California? I am 20 with a newborn. I am not getting much help with the care of my son, and my son’s dad does not have any benefits that he can add to our son too. I work from home and go into the office when needed; though I do get medical for my son and me, I do not have benefits for dental either. Having to get dental insurance is new to me since I did not give it much thought until my son was born. He is not teething yet, but I like to get something in place for him and me both to use. What are my dental insurance options? Trying to keep the cost low so please advise.
Reply: The lower-cost insurance option would be a dental HMO insurance plan. HMO insurance plan for a couple (you and your son) can range around $13.00 – $30.00. However, with HMO plans, you have to choose a plan provider. Therefore it is important to call the providers to make sure they provide dental care for children under five, as some dental offices do not. Another option we provide is a dental PPO. PPO plans are good in that you can choose your own provider, but they are a more costly insurance option. You may want to look at the PPO plans that have a low yearly max limitation, such as $1000.00 per person. Hopefully, you will not need larger dental care services if you take your son in for regular checkups.
I am looking for Dental Insurance Plans for Families that offer Immediate Coverage. My family and I live in Florida, and I am looking for dental insurance that offers Immediate coverage. Cost is a factor since I need more money to afford a higher-cost plan. I do not want to wait out long-term waiting periods before my kids can even start having dental care.
Reply: In California, we have a few dental insurance plan options that do not have waiting periods. You can review our HMO insurance plan options, which have a lower monthly cost ranging from $16.00 – $40.00 a month for a family, and all our HMO plans have no waiting periods. However, if you prefer a PPO insurance plan without waiting periods, we also have two plan PPO options that do not have waiting periods ranging from $155.00 – $200.00 and up (depending on your zip code) for a family plan. As you can see, PPO plans are more costly, and ones that do not have waiting periods are also higher in cost. They let you stay with your own dental provider’s office if that is a factor for you. If you have any questions about our dental insurance plan options, please call our member service line at 310-534-3444 M-F 8 am-4 pm.
Eating potato chips can harm your dental health. The starch in the chips can get stuck in your teeth, providing a breeding ground for bacteria that can cause cavities. Additionally, the high salt and acid levels in the chips can erode tooth enamel over time, leading to sensitivity and decay.
Limiting your consumption and adopting a good oral hygiene routine is best to avoid the negative consequences of indulging in potato chips. After eating chips, it is advisable to rinse your mouth with water or chew sugar-free gum to help remove any leftover particles. It would help to brush your teeth twice daily with fluoride toothpaste, floss regularly to remove plaque and debris, and visit your dentist for regular check-ups and cleanings. These preventive measures help you maintain your dental health and enjoy your favorite snacks without compromising your smile.
I am looking for an affordable Dental Insurance plan for my three-year-old son and me. I have seen dental plans are too costly, with long-term waiting periods. I can afford to wait, but I do not want my son to put off dental care if needed.
Reply: There are PPO plans that do not have waiting periods. We offer Delta dental insurance PPO with no waiting periods in most states. We also provide many HMO insurance plan options that do not have waiting periods. Give our office a call at 310-534-3444, as we are happy to go over our dental insurance plan options. | <urn:uuid:73393bdf-c736-4689-9e79-29ff4a604d0b> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.californiadentalinsurance.com/californiadentalblog/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.961089 | 3,162 | 3.390625 | 3 |
EatFitNutrition education and physical activity lessons that teach students the skills they need to meet their health goals.
This nine-lesson curriculum provides hands-on activities that teach students the skills they need to meet their health goals. It is behaviorally focused and thus includes activities that help students to gain the insight and awareness required to change their current food related behaviors.
- Key Content Areas: After School, Cafeteria Connections, Garden-based, and Integrated subjects.
- Originator of Resources: Teachers College, Columbia University
- User of Resource: Teachers, garden instructors, nutrition educators
- Audience: Grades K–2
- Languages: English
- Number of lessons: 28 total: 8 for kindergarten, 10 for first grade, and 10 for second grade
- Amount of time per lesson: Varies
- Format: Downloadable
To access the curriculum, visit the EatFit website , select the About Tab, and scroll down to Teacher Curriculum.
If you have any questions, please contact the California Department of Education Nutrition Services Division by phone at 800-952-5609 or by email at NutritionEducation@cde.ca.gov. | <urn:uuid:273072fa-02d7-4266-9f6b-15f38b13bb21> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.cde.ca.gov/ls/nu/ed/eatfitcurriculum.asp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.906309 | 241 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Too Much Tech Could Be Causing Your Neck Pain
It's hard to imagine a life without smartphones, laptops, and tablets. These digital devices make it possible to shop, work, and keep in touch with friends and family from practically anywhere in the world. Although digital devices are undeniably convenient, they're also the reason that many people suffer from neck pain these days. Luckily, your chiropractor offers treatments designed to relieve your pain prevent permanent damage to your neck.
The Link Between Tech and Neck Pain
If you walk through any public place, you'll probably notice plenty of people engrossed in their phones. Nearly all of them will hold their phones around waist level and bend their heads forward.
Unfortunately, that posture stresses the muscles, tendons, and ligaments in your neck and may also change the alignment of the vertebrae, the small bones that add stability to your spine. Misalignments in the vertebrae, called subluxations by chiropractors, are a common source of neck pain.
The problem has become so common that it's even been given a name: text neck. Text neck affects people who keep their heads held forward for long periods of time. In fact, Saudi Arabian researchers discovered that more than 68% of the medical students in their study had text neck syndrome as a result of cell phone use. Other studies and case reports describe similar results.
Tech-related neck pain can be a problem even if you don't spend much time looking down at digital devices. Spending long hours working on a computer or playing video games are also risk factors for pain. You may be just as likely to experience neck and back pain when you're hunched over your screen at work or battling an enemy invader from your couch.
Do These Symptoms Sound Familiar?
Signs and symptoms of neck pain caused by tech use include:
- Pain and stiffness in your neck, shoulders, upper back, and arms
- Muscle spasms in the neck, back and shoulders
- Pain when moving your neck
- Numbness and tingling in your arms and hands due to irritated nerves
- Less flexibility when moving your neck
- Balance problems caused by posture changes
- Jaw pain due to subluxations and tight muscles
Subluxations can lead to pinched nerves and increased pain if a misaligned vertebra presses against a nerve. Constant stress on your neck and spine may also increase your risk of arthritis, bone spurs, slipped discs, and herniated discs. In some cases, text neck can lead to kyphosis (hunchback), an abnormal curve in the upper back.
No matter your age, balance problems caused by poor posture can result in falls. Subluxations and muscle imbalances may also increase your risk of an injury if you do happen to fall or lose your balance.
Rounding your shoulders and dropping your head when using digital devices prevents your lungs from expanding fully when you take a breath. As a result, less air enters your body, and your heart must work much harder to circulate oxygenated blood.
What You Can Do to Prevent and Relieve Neck Pain
These tips not only reduce pain, but can reduce your risk of developing permanent damage to your spine:
- Change the Way You Hold Devices: Hold smartphones and tablets at eye level. If you plan to use a phone or digital device for an extended period, use a holder that keeps the device at the appropriate level.
- Stretch: Walk away from digital devices at least once every hour. Stretch and take a short walk if you can.
- Pay Attention to Posture: Keep your head and shoulders back when using digital devices or playing games.
- Choose Ergonomic Furniture: Ergonomic chairs and desks help you maintain proper posture when using computers.
- See Your Chiropractor: Chiropractors correct subluxations with spinal manipulation, a treatment that realigns your vertebrae and reduces tension on muscles and tissues. Massage, another treatment option, loosens tight muscles and tissues and relieves muscle spasms. Your chiropractor can also offer posture tips and recommend stretches that will help you get rid of the pain in your neck.
Concerned about your neck pain? Chiropractic treatment offers an effective, natural way to treat your pain and reduce your risk of long-term damage. Contact our office to make an appointment. | <urn:uuid:7a2423af-9cd5-4ec3-9845-3b7b8ae7f1fe> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.chiropracticmalden.com/articles/general/905288-too-much-tech-could-be-causing-your-neck-pain | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.933286 | 900 | 2.6875 | 3 |
World and internet is full of textual information. We search for information using textual queries, we read websites, books, e-mails. All those are strings from the point of view of computer science. To make sense of all that information and make search efficient, search engines use many string algorithms. Moreover, the emerging field of personalized medicine uses many search algorithms to find disease-causing mutations in the human genome. In this online course you will learn key pattern matching concepts: tries, suffix trees, suffix arrays and even the Burrows-Wheeler transform.
How would you search for a longest repeat in a string in LINEAR time? In 1973, Peter Weiner came up with a surprising solution that was based on suffix trees, the key data structure in pattern matching. Computer scientists were so impressed with his algorithm that they called it the Algorithm of the Year. In this lesson, we will explore some key ideas for pattern matching that will - through a series of trials and errors - bring us to suffix trees.
Burrows-Wheeler Transform and Suffix Arrays
Although EXACT pattern matching with suffix trees is fast, it is not clear how to use suffix trees for APPROXIMATE pattern matching. In 1994, Michael Burrows and David Wheeler invented an ingenious algorithm for text compression that is now known as Burrows-Wheeler Transform. They knew nothing about genomics, and they could not have imagined that 15 years later their algorithm will become the workhorse of biologists searching for genomic mutations. But what text compression has to do with pattern matching??? In this lesson you will learn that the fate of an algorithm is often hard to predict – its applications may appear in a field that has nothing to do with the original plan of its inventors.
Congratulations, you have now learned the key pattern matching concepts: tries, suffix trees, suffix arrays and even the Burrows-Wheeler transform! However, some of the results Pavel mentioned remain mysterious: e.g., how can we perform exact pattern matching in O(|Text|) time rather than in O(|Text|*|Pattern|) time as in the naïve brute force algorithm? How can it be that matching a 1000-nucleotide pattern against the human genome is nearly as fast as matching a 3-nucleotide pattern??? Also, even though Pavel showed how to quickly construct the suffix array given the suffix tree, he has not revealed the magic behind the fast algorithms for the suffix tree construction!In this module, Miсhael will address some algorithmic challenges that Pavel tried to hide from you :) such as the Knuth-Morris-Pratt algorithm for exact pattern matching and more efficient algorithms for suffix tree and suffix array construction.
Constructing Suffix Arrays and Suffix Trees
In this module we continue studying algorithmic challenges of the string algorithms. You will learn an O(n log n) algorithm for suffix array construction and a linear time algorithm for construction of suffix tree from a suffix array. You will also implement these algorithms and the Knuth-Morris-Pratt algorithm in the last Programming Assignment in this course.
Pavel Pevzner, Alexander S. Kulikov and Michael Levin | <urn:uuid:f4cbeace-2d29-4c84-aa30-dbff26964f37> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.classcentral.com/course/algorithms-on-strings-5470 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.91429 | 651 | 3.734375 | 4 |
Summary and Analysis: Inscriptions
Whitman says that the reader "throbbest life and pride and love" in the same way as the poet does; therefore, he offers "the following chants" (Leaves of Grass) to him.
This poem was added to Leaves of Grass in 1881. Even though, like "To You," it is only two lines long, it is important because it conveys Whitman's basic attitude toward his reader. The poet identifies himself with the reader. He emphasizes their common humanity.
"Thou Reader" marks the culmination of the Inscription poems. It is notable for its ardor and intensity which, being expressed with such meaningful brevity, make it a fitting prelude to Leaves of Grass. | <urn:uuid:26e5bd2b-a4a0-4f49-9320-072e0839268f> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.cliffsnotes.com/literature/l/leaves-of-grass/summary-and-analysis-inscriptions/thou-reader | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.975976 | 153 | 3.3125 | 3 |
North Korea appears to have restarted operations at a power plant capable of producing plutonium for nuclear weapons, according to the United Nations’ nuclear watchdog.
The International Atomic Energy Agency said that clues, such as the discharge of cooling water, observed in early July indicated the plant is active. No such evidence had been observed since December 2018, the IAEA said.
The IAEA said the findings, published Friday in an annual report on Pyongyang’s nuclear program, were “deeply troubling” and “a cause for serious concern.”
“The continuation of the DPRK’s nuclear program is a clear violation of relevant UN Security Council resolutions and is deeply regrettable,” the report added, referring to North Korea by its official acronym, The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK).
The IAEA said there also were signs of activity at the nearby radiochemical laboratory, from mid-February until early July. The power plant is used to make nuclear fuel, and the radiochemical laboratory is used to reprocess the fuel rods from the plant into plutonium that can, theoretically, be used in the manufacturing of nuclear weapons.
Both the plant and the lab are located in North Korea’s best-known nuclear complex, Yongbyon.
The IAEA and other independent analysts have previously reported on the observed activity at the radiochemical laboratory and believed it may have been part of a campaign to turn nuclear fuel into plutonium for nuclear weapons.
IAEA Director-General Rafael Grossi said in June that the duration of activity at the lab was consistent “with the time required for a reprocessing campaign.”
However, Grossi said it was not possible to confirm that reprocessing was taking place. IAEA inspectors were kicked out of North Korea in 2009, and the agency has been forced to monitor the country’s nuclear facilities remotely.
The South Korean Foreign Ministry said it is observing North Korea’s nuclear and missile activity continuously under close cooperation with the United States.
The fact that a reprocessing campaign has been underway likely indicates that North Korea had already produced nuclear fuel to be reprocessed. Whether that fuel was a few years old or produced recently, and covertly, remains unclear.
Jeffrey Lewis, a weapons expert and professor at the Middlebury Institute of International Studies, said that though the IAEA’s report was expected, it is an important reminder of the challenges US President Joe Biden faces with respect to a nuclear-armed North Korea.
“At some level, none of this is new, but it is notable that the IAEA has said business at usual is going on at Yongbyon,” Lewis said. “One of the problems that we’ve had with North Korea is because it’s been business as usual for the past several years, people have kind of just gotten used to the idea (of a nuclear-armed North Korea) and kind of forget about it. This stuff has been happening, and we only check in now and again.”
North Korean leader Kim Jong Un purportedly offered to dismantle the Yongbyon complex in exchange for sanctions relief during negotiations with former US President Donald Trump in Hanoi in 2019. However, those talks collapsed in part because neither side was willing to budge. Trump’s team wanted either ballistic missile or other nuclear sites included in the deal, and Kim refused to accept a trade of Yongbyon for partial sanctions relief, Trump’s former national security adviser, John Bolton, wrote in his memoir.
Relations between the two longtime adversaries have been frosty since, and both Washington and Pyongyang have been focused on containing the threat of Covid-19 since the pandemic swept the globe in early 2020. North Korea’s borders have been sealed to keep the virus at bay, despite the knock-on effects on trade with China, an economic lifeline for the impoverished country. Kim’s regime is now reportedly dealing with a food crisis.
President Biden’s administration has made several attempts to reach out to North Korea by email to start discussions with Washington, a senior South Korean official with direct knowledge of the situation told CNN.
North Korea has acknowledged receipt of the emails, the official said, but did not feel compelled to respond due to what is seen as a lack of a detailed agenda or any serious indication the US is willing to move the conversation forward from what was agreed upon at Trump and Kim’s first summit Singapore in June 2018. | <urn:uuid:cfa02a02-e455-41d3-b63c-edb6ec53cf9e> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.cnn.com/2021/08/30/asia/north-korea-yongbyon-intl-hnk/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.975805 | 939 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Editing, Aristotle and the Unities
- Part Two
In this column we’re continuing the subject of Aristotle and his concept
of the unities, and how that can help you with your editing. The unities
maintain that a theater piece should be united in action, united in place,
and united in time. Of course, we’re concerned here with short stories and
novels, but the concept can still help clarify your thinking about your
Last month we considered unity of place and unity of time,
so in this column we’ll cover unity of action. We’ll expand on that,
too, to include a few other concepts.
Unity of Action
Unity of Action is perhaps the most difficult of the Aristotelian unities
to understand. In the neoclassical paraphrasing, the unity of action
means that a play should follow one main action, with few or no subplots.
I believe that the
paraphrasing is an oversimplification – and could lead to very dull
storytelling. (It seems like a better formula for a lecture than a drama.)
But is it what Aristotle actually wrote? Here’s a translation found in
Now, according to our definition, Tragedy is an imitation of an
action that is complete, and whole, and of a certain magnitude … As
therefore, in the other imitative arts, the imitation is one when the
object imitated is one, so the plot, being an imitation of an action,
must imitate one action and that a whole, the structural union of the
parts being such that, if any one of them is displaced or removed, the
whole will be disjointed and disturbed. For a thing whose presence or
absence makes no visible difference, is not an organic part of the
If you read this closely, you’ll see that subplots are permitted – but
that these subplots should complement and support your main story. The
subplots which don’t should be removed. Very well: how do you determine if
the subplot belongs in your novel or not?
Let me give an example. My co author and I are working on a trilogy (we
just sent the second manuscript to our agent). The trilogy covers the life
of Niobe, a character in Greek mythology, and the deaths of her children.
While working on the first book, we originally devoted several chapters to
her future husband, Amphion of Thebes. He plays an important role in the
overall trilogy – but as he doesn’t marry her until book two, we finally
realized we had to delete nearly his entire story in book one.
Even though some of our test readers pointed out that the Amphion
storyline never really joined with the Niobe storyline, and that it was not
as strong, reaching this decision was emotionally painful. First, the
character Amphion was so appealing that we were half in love with him (as
were several of our test readers). Second, even though the overall storyline
was weak, several of the scenes were wonderful (also confirmed by our test
readers). Third, using the delete key on a third of your manuscript is a
drastic step. When I suggested doing this during a teleconference with my co
author and our agent, there was shocked silence on the other ends of the
But the excision took only two weeks to complete; the Amphion storyline
simply was not integrated with the rest of the novel. The remaining book
was stronger and crisper without it.
To determine whether or not sections / scenes / subplots should be
deleted or kept, ask yourself the following questions:
What is your main storyline? (Until you
can identify your main plot you can’t recognize your subplots)
Do all your scenes impact this
Who are your main characters? (Consider
not just those you intended as your main characters but those who evolve
into your main characters)
Do your sub characters interact with
your main characters, or at least influence them?
Is every action followed upon? Does
each scene have consequences?
Do all the actions contribute to the
resolution of your main storyline?
Learning to ask these questions and answer them objectively helps you to
be more efficient in your writing. Thanks to the painful Amphion-doesn’t-belong-here
episode, we were much quicker while writing the next book at identifying
scenes and subplots that did not work. That made many other things much
easier. First, we wasted less time writing, editing and polishing these
scenes and subplots. Second, we stopped trying to integrate them much
sooner – another enormous time saver.
By the way, just because you delete scenes or subplots from your current
opus, you don’t have to consign them to eternal oblivion. We took the best
chunks of the deleted storyline and used them in the second novel of the
trilogy, where we believe they work beautifully. If a scene or subplot
keeps calling to you after you’ve removed it from where it does not belong,
create a story where it does belong.
It may be
to include other unities with the three listed by Aristotle. But he was
writing about theater and we are considering stories and novels; besides, I
believe that the concept of unity can be extended to other dimensions.
Language: If your audience expects formal language, too much slang
may confuse them. If you’re writing for seven-year-olds, you probably want
to keep your vocabulary simple. Here are some questions to ask when
evaluating your writing:
Does your style fit your story?
Is your language appropriate for your
Is your language appropriate for your
Are these consistent throughout your
story? If you do change them, do you have a reason for changing them?
Mood: You may want to have one mood dominate throughout your
story. A suspense story, by definition, should be suspenseful. Inserting
lusty limericks might dispel the tension. Of course, you may choose to
suspend the tension – there’s a place for comic relief – but you should do
it intentionally rather than haphazardly. Here are a few questions that may
help guide you:
Does the mood of each scene support
Are the moods of the different scenes
Do they complement each other?
Theme: If you are focusing on a particular theme, then you may not
want to introduce too many actions and ideas that don’t support or at least
reflect that theme. For example, if you are writing a story when characters
are wondering what happens after death, you may not want to spend a lot of
time on other themes.
Does your story have a theme?
Do the elements of the story support
that theme, or are additional themes introduced?
You can apply the concept of unity to many other aspects of your
Breaking the Rules
The suggestions in these last two columns are simply suggestions; many
writers break them. In fact, some of them were broken back in the time of
Aristotle! Some critics maintain that Shakespeare – obviously a very
successful writer – broke them constantly.
I agree that you can break the rules indicated by the unities –
and sometimes you can do it very successfully. More often than not, however,
your story will be assisted by considering them. I’m sure that everyone out
there has read blurbs on book covers referring to their contents as “great,
sprawling novels…” In my opinion “sprawling” is a kind word for
“disorganized,” and that many manuscripts which sprawl never make it to
If the name “Aristotle” intimidates you, ignore the name and simply
review the different scenes of your novel and see if they all really belong
to the same story. For my part, I think it’s rather wonderful that people
have been thinking about the art of storytelling for more than 2000 years.
Questions? Comments? You want to use this article? Write to me at
grossackva at yahoo dot com.
Neoclassicism refers to a series of movements in the arts – e.g.,
literature, architecture, art – taking place mostly in the 18th
and 19th centuries and drawing significantly on the standards of
classical times – especially Greece and Rome.
Actually, for centuries it was considered heretical to challenge anything
written by Aristotle. And although he was a brilliant philosopher and
scientist for his time, the attitude of never improving upon him held
science back for centuries. For example, he was certain that the Sun moved
around the Earth, and gave excellent arguments why a rotating Earth would be
This article is the sole property
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by Dirk Brockmann
This explorable illustrates pattern formation and dynamics in the $XY$-model, an important model in statistical mechanics for studying phase-transitions and other phenomena. It’s a generalization of the famous Ising-Model. The $XY$-model is actually quite simple.
The model is defined by a two dimensional square lattice. Each lattice site hosts a magnetic dipole, illustrated by the little needles below. They can freely rotate around their central pivot and align with the magnetic field of their surrounding.
Initially all the dipoles are oriented randomly. Press Play and see what happens.
This is how it works
In the model the orientation of a dipole $n$ is quantified by and angle variable $\theta _n \in [ 0, 2\pi ] $. The dipole interacts with its eight nearest neighbors on the lattice and sees and average magnetic field, which is the average of the orientations of the neighbors. Dipole $n$ then slowly aligns its orientation towards the average orientation of its neighbors. Every dipole is doing this at the same time.
When you press Play, all the dipoles start rotating until regions of similar orientation emerge in which all dipoles are approximately aligned. However, sometimes you will see points on the lattice in which defects appear where different orientations meet and where they can’t seem to decide which way to orient.
If you are patient and you wait a bit you will see that every now and then, even though the patterns seems frozen, defects will sort themselves out and disappear until everything is almost perfectly aligned.
These effects become more clearly visible when we go to a larger system that mimics continuous spatial coordinates. Click on continuous and you will see a colorful lattice. Each pixel now is a dipole and the rainbow colorscale encodes the dipoles’ orientation.
If you press play now, you will see that quickly regions of similar hue (orientation) emerge. And, again the defects appear as points around which the orientation varies. You can see that slowly, these defects approach each other and annihilate.
The pattern that emerges is very similar to what you see if you have a system of phase-coupled oscillators on a lattice, discussed in Explorable Spin-Wheels. | <urn:uuid:d1d1ef50-8190-421c-bd5f-74e879d7dab3> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.complexity-explorables.org/explorables/if-you-ask-your-xy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.942807 | 478 | 2.703125 | 3 |
The popularity of online gaming surged during the COVID-19 pandemic—and so did cyberattacks against gamers. If you’re the parent of a gamer, or if you’re a gamer yourself, it’s important to learn about the risks.
Why are cyber threats to gamers on the rise?
It might seem strange that cybercriminals are targeting gamers. But there are some good reasons for this trend:
- The global gaming market is booming—and is expected to reach $219 billion by 2024. Whenever that much money is floating around, bad actors will look for a way to take advantage.
- The average cost of games is rising, making “cracked” or pirated games more of a temptation. Unfortunately, hackers realize this and use the lure of free games to infect people with malware.
- A huge economy has developed within the gaming community: People buy and sell in-game objects, character modifications, and even accounts. This provides an incentive for hackers to steal and resell other people’s digital property.
- Many gamers are unaware of the cybersecurity risks that they face. In addition, many younger people are involved in gaming. This means lots of easy targets for cybercriminals.
Top cyber threats in gaming
There are numerous cyber threats to gamers. But you’ll get the most benefit out of focusing on the following three:
- Malware. Malware threats to gamers are spread through malicious websites, exploited system vulnerabilities, or Trojanized copies of pirated games.
- Account takeovers. Bad actors are always on the lookout for easy-to-breach gaming accounts. Once stolen, they can resell an account or its contents to interested buyers.
- Phishing and social engineering. Gaming is now an online social activity. This gives scammers lots of opportunities to approach unwary gamers and try to trick them into downloading malware, giving up personal details, or handing over login credentials.
Cybersecurity tips for gamers
It’s scary to think that cybercriminals are attacking gamers with greater frequency. But the good news is that taking a few basic precautions can keep you safe:
- Protect your accounts. If you have a gaming account with Steam, Epic, or another large gaming platform, take steps to keep it safe just as you would a banking or social media account. Use a strong, unique password for every account that you have. If possible, enable two-factor authentication (2FA) on your gaming accounts as well.
- Avoid pirated games. We get it, games are expensive and times are tough. But hackers love to sneak malware into those “free” copies of popular games. As such, downloading a pirated game simply isn’t worth the risk.
- Watch for phishing and social engineering. As the saying goes, if you’re online, you’re a target. The best way to stay safe is to be aware of the threat—and learn how to spot phishing and social engineering attacks when you encounter them.
Following these basic cybersecurity tips will help to make your online gaming experience more secure.
For even more protection, explore Webroot’s SecureAnywhere Internet Security Plus antivirus solution. It will keep your system safe from all types of malware threats—and includes access to LastPass®, a reliable and easy-to-use password management tool.
The post Cyber threats in gaming—and 3 tips for staying safe appeared first on Webroot Blog. | <urn:uuid:116a6a2b-19e5-40f8-807d-a30a4fd69a5e> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.computerhelpla.com/blog/cyber-threats-in-gaming-and-3-tips-for-staying-safe/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.936541 | 722 | 2.875 | 3 |
THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND TOURISM PRESS FRELEASE THE TRUTH ABOUT LOLIONDO GAME CONTROLLED AREA Loliondo Game Controlled Area is one of the wildlife protected areas in Tanzania since 1951 with an area of 4,000 square kilometers. This is a very important strategic area for sustainable conservation and tourism development for the Great Serengeti - Mara ecosystem. The Great Serengeti-Mara ecosystem comprises of Serengeti National Park, Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Maswa, Kijereshi, Grumeti and Ikorongo Game Reserves, Loliondo Game Controlled Area plus Ikona and Makao Wildlife Management Areas in the Tanzanian side; and the Mara National Reserve in the Kenyan side. The Great Serengeti-Mara ecosystem is the only remaining live wildlife migratory system in the world with a population of about 1.5 wildebeest. The Loliondo Game Controlled area is also a key area for the Great Serengeti - Mara ecosystem as a wildlife corridor and a dispersal area for migratory wildebeest and other wildlife species. It is also a feeding and calving ground for wildebeest and a major water catchment area for the Serengeti National Park. This means that if the Loliondo Game Controlled Area is not well protected, the ecological integrity of the entire Great Serengeti - Mara ecosystem including the migratory system will be disrupted and eventually erased from the face of the Earth. This ecosystem is also important for the tourism industry that funds conservation and other development activities of the United Republic of Tanzania and the neighbouring country. Despite being important for conservation and tourism development, the Loliondo Game Controlled Area is currently under pressure from human social and economical development 2 activities which threatens the survival of the Great Serengeti - Mara ecosystem. In view of the need for space for human development activities, the Government of the United Republic of Tanzania (URT) has decided to allocate 2,500 square kilometers of land for community development activities to the people living in Loliondo out of the 4,000 square kilometer of the Loliondo Game Controlled Area thereof setting aside 1,500 square kilometer for protecting the ecological dynamics of the Great Serengeti - Mara ecosystem. It is important to note that within the 2,500 square kilometers of land spared for the community, the Government of the United Republic of Tanzania (URT) is investing in improving pasture grounds, markets for livestock and investment products, plus the provision of drinking water for both people and livestock. The Government of United Republic of Tanzania (URT) also embarks on the provision of other social services including Health and Education facilities for the communities living in the area. It is also equally important to understand that the 1,500 square kilometers which has been reserved for conservation and which borders the Serengeti National Park has no settlements as it is alleged and therefore there is no eviction as it is wrongly propagated by some individuals and organizations. The Government of the United Republic of Tanzania wishes to assure the general public and the international community that the country abides by the rule of law and it is also a party to a number of international conventions and protocols with respect to human rights. Conservation is for the benefit of the people and in this regard the Government of the United Republic of Tanzania will continue to give priority to its people above anything else. The ongoing boundary demarcation of the 2,500square kilometers and 1,500square kilometers areas by implanting beacons is intended to demarcate the 1,500square kilometers piece of land as reserved area for conservation, for the benefit of the present and future generations not only for the United Republic of Tanzania but also for the rest of the world. The exercise of implanting beacons around any protected area is a normal practice for all wildlife and forest protected areas in Tanzania and it is not strange for it to be applied to the Loliondo Game Controlled Area. The fact that the Government of the United Republic of Tanzania has decided to allocate the 2,500 square kilometers out of 4000 square kilometers of protected land to the community, testifies its commitment to its people and human rights plus community development activities as well. We therefore call upon the general public 3 and the international community to ignore the ongoing propagated fable allegations by some individuals and organizations that there is an eviction exercise and an infringe of human rights taking place in the Loliondo Game Controlled Area.
Issued by: MINISTRY OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND TOURISM JUNE, 2022 | <urn:uuid:14143efb-84b2-4c44-9efa-e8cdb25d6591> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.de.tzembassy.go.tz/resources/view/press-release | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.921126 | 952 | 2.59375 | 3 |
COMMON NAMES: Leafcutter Bee, Leafcutting Bee, Plug Bug
SCIENTIFIC NAME: Order Hymenoptera, family Megachilidae, several species
SIZE: Size: Adult--1/4" to 3/4"
IDENTIFICATION: Adults are stout-bodied and dark brown to black, sometimes with yellow or beige markings. Wings are clear or smoky. They range in size from about as large as honey bees to about half as large. Large heads and highly polished black or metallic blue or green bodies. Sometimes bands of white hairs across the abdomen.
BIOLOGY AND LIFE CYCLE: Solitary insect that uses pieces of leaves to line its nests in cavities in the ground, dead wood, hollow stems, snail shells, pipes, and other openings. Leafcutters use their mandibles to cut neat circles or partial circles out of the edges of leaves to obtain material for their nests. You've probably seen this damage on your rose foliage. Complete metamorphosis.
HABITAT: Many plants, but especially roses, hollies, and fruit trees. They are common everywhere.
FEEDING HABITS: Pollen and nectar from many flowers.
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE: Important plant pollinators and should not be killed. Troublesome around machine shops because they will plug up any exposed pipes. Mechanics have learned to tape over the ends of pipes, fuel lines, and other openings.
NATURAL CONTROL: Good biodiversity will keep them from being too abundant. Birds, praying mantids, and lizards.
ORGANIC CONTROL: None needed in most cases--their damage is only cosmetic.
INSIGHT: Mason bees are very closely kin. They are metallic blue or green in color. Osmia spp. are short metallic-colored pollinators that nest in the ground or in natural cavities. Mason bees will also seek a cavity in wood, soil, masonry, pithy stems of plants, keyholes, and snail shells. They line the holes with cement made of clay, sand, and a sticky secretion from their mouths instead of using leaves, as the leafcutting bee does. In either case, eggs are placed in each cell with a mass of pollen, nectar, or honey
Down and dirty bee house made from wood scraps and stems from Cane (Arundo donax) | <urn:uuid:f5780403-465b-4275-9ed2-6a314f6f1613> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.dirtdoctor.com/garden/Plug-Bug_vq2944.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.945238 | 494 | 3.65625 | 4 |
Spiritual trips or Yatras hold a very important place in the Hindu religion. Amongst all of these trips, the ‘Chota Char Dham yatra’ consists of Kedarnath, Badrinath, Yamunotri, and Gangotri. The Yatra is an essential step towards the pursuit of salvation according to Hindu scriptures. Moksha is one of the four principles of human life, according to Hinduism; the other three are Karma, Artha, and Dharma. It is yearning for moksha and divine serenity that draws thousands of pilgrims to Badrinath Dham.
Badrinath Dham – A beginning
Badrinath Dham temple, a Char Dham located between the Nar and Narayan mountains, is a regal sight to behold. The temple is dedicated to Badrinathji or Lord Vishnu. Badrinath temple is part of both the Chota char Dham pilgrimage as well as the bigger circuit of Char Dham yatra of India. The other three places are Jaggantha Puri in the east, Rameshwaram in the south, and Dwarka in the west.
Badrinath Mandir – The Mythology
It is believed that Lord Vishnu, the Supreme Being meditated in Badrinath for 1000 years for the salvation of humankind. It is also believed that the Pandavas came here during their journey to heaven. It is also mentioned as the place where Veda Vyas wrote the great Epic of Mahabharata along with Lord Ganesha. There is also a cave called Vyas cave; it is believed that in this cave, the Ved Vyas wrote Mahabharata. Thus, Badrinath holds tremendous religious importance for Hindus.
Badrinath temple- An inside view
The Shinghadwar or the main entrance of the Badrinath Mandir is very colorful and intricately decorated. The temple is approximately 50 ft tall with a gold gilt roof. The mandir is divided into three parts the ‘sabha Mandap,’ the ‘Darshan Mandap,’ the Garbha Griha’, or the sanctum sanctorum where the idol is placed. Some facts quick facts about the Badrinath temple are mentioned below.
- Badrinath’s main gate has the idol of Bird Garuda, who is the vahana (vehicle) of Lord Vishnu.
- The Garbha Griha has idols of Lord Vishnu, Narda Rishi, Lord Kuber, Udhava, Nar, and Narayana. In total, there are 15 idols.
- The present temple was constructed in the 16th century by the King of Garhwal.
- Adi Shankaracharya found the idol of Lord Vishnu dipped in the water of Alakananda.
- The Badrinath idol is seen under the Badari tree.
- Every puja at Badrinath must be preceded with a dip at Tapt Kund.
- Lord Vishnu is seated in a meditative pose in the temple.
Pooja in Badrinath temple
Pooja in this sacred temple is an elaborate affair. It starts with the Mahabhishek, Abhisek, Gitapath, and Bhagwat Path. In the evenings there are Geet Govind and Aarti. The devotes can their place for participating in these pujas. The temple committee has a process for the same. The devotees can also offer special pujas, even online now. There are no tickets for general pujas and darshan.
- Puja timings – The pujas start as early as 4:30 am with Mahaabhishek.
- Temple opening time- The temple is opened for darshan around 7-8 am.
- Recess – There is a recess from 1-4 pm. The temple opens at 4 pm after recess.
- Closing time- The temple closes at 9 pm.
The Rawal, who belongs to a community from Karnataka and Kerala, is dedicated to offering pujas. The temple is opened for six months of the year from April- May to October-November. Every year, the temple opens on the day of Vasant Panchami.
Top places to visit at Badrinath
- Seek blessings at Badrinath temple – The prime attraction is the Badrinath temple. The spiritually charged environment of the temple appeases the visitors. As you offer puja here, there is a sense of divine bliss that fills your heart. For an enriching experience, spend some quiet moments here, the divine emancipates in every temple element.
- Tapt Kund – No visit to Badrinath is considered incomplete without a dip at the Tapt Kund. The pool is believed as the home of Lord Agni. It is also believed to wash away the sins committed during a lifetime. A dip in the hot ware spring takes away all the tiredness and is extremely rejuvenating.
- Vyas Gufa – Located in close proximity of the Badrinath temple, the Gufa is known to be the very place where Veda Vyas is said to have written the great epic Mahabharata. The place is very sacred and is visited by several devotees every day. You can also offer small pujas here.
- Mana Village – Mana Village, the last Indian village on the Indo- Chinese border is 4 km from Badrinath town. If enthusiastic about hilly villages, you can add Mana village to your itinerary. These added perks make Char Dham Yatra even more enriching.
How to reach Badrinath?
- By flight – The nearest airport is located in Dehradun. You can drive from Dehradun to Badrinath via Chamba-Missouri Rd. It is a long journey of around 8 hours; you can take breaks and even a night halt at Joshimath.
- By train – The nearest railway station is Haridwar. From here you can take a bus or hire a car to reach Badrinath.
- By Bus – There are no direct buses for Badrinath; however, tourist buses take devotees from Haridwar and Rishikesh. They offer single or Chardham Yatra.
- By Helicopters– Badrinath can also be reached by helicopter. Helicopter services are available from Dehradun.
The Chardham Tour Packages include all these kinds of travel options for tourists.
Accommodation in Badrinath
Badrinath is a quaint town in the Chamoli region of Uttarakhand. You can visit Badrinath as a part of the Chardham Yatra Package. At least 90% of pilgrims coming for pilgrimage prefer Packages. It offers a wide range of accommodation choices for travelers. From luxury hotels to budget accommodations, Badrinath welcomes every type of devotee with the best possible compromise. There is a government-run GMVN resort also. For a better understanding of accommodation, choices, and prices, look at the below table.
Standard from INR. 2500.
Resort from INR. 5000.
Luxury Hotels from 6000-8000.
Dormitory / Dharmashala from INR. 600-800.
Thus, ready to your bags for Chardham Yatra Uttarakhand divine destinations and unlock its mysteries. | <urn:uuid:31f0d312-de20-4e26-996e-a5fa5e1a04ea> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.divinekailash.com/things-to-know-before-travelling-to-badrinath-temple/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.935861 | 1,567 | 2.90625 | 3 |
A typical example of an uncommon use of common devices – innovation at its best. Here is how Cell phones are used to track air pollutions.
Computer scientists in Cambridge, UK, are using bike couriers to monitor air pollution. These couriers are doing their usual jobs, but their bicycles are equipped with air-pollution sensors and GPS units that connect to their cellphones via Bluetooth. So their phones are constantly reporting the levels of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, and nitrogen dioxide in the area. And back in the lab, servers are updating a Google map for Internet users and regular cellphone users. The sensors used for this project could also be fixed to a pedestrian’s jacket, which means that everybody in the area could become a pollution tracker.
In this depressing world of conflict and chaos, it is nice to hear about innovative minds at work. The original project website is here.
The project will develop and demonstrate the potential of diverse, low cost sensors to provide data for the planning, management and control of the environmental impacts of transport activity at urban, regional and national level. This includes their implementation on vehicles and people to act as mobile, real-time environmental probes, sensing transport and non-transport related pollutants and hazards.
Thanks to Roland Piquepaille who runs a column on “How tech trends affect our lives” | <urn:uuid:c0aecfb2-2a0b-4629-8dfb-436babf6b69a> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.doraithodla.com/blog/2008/01/07/simple-innovations-cell-phone-applications/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.934417 | 276 | 3.09375 | 3 |
The scale was invented around 4000-5000 years ago in Ancient Egypt using a balance system comprised of two trays and a central pivot point. The earliest scales were used for measuring food and goods during trade, but their design evolved over time to become more precise and accurate. Today, scales are used for a wide variety of purposes, including measuring body weight, tracking food intake, and conducting scientific experiments.
Modern Day Scales
The first scale was invented nearly 4,000 years ago, and since then, scales have undergone massive transformations. From the balance scales to electronic scales, the journey of scales has been impressive indeed. Nowadays, modern-day scales come in various shapes and sizes, which are designed to offer accurate results quickly and effortlessly. Let’s dive deeper into some modern-day scales that have revolutionized the weighing industry.
In the 1970s, digital scales were invented, and they quickly gained popularity around the world. These scales function using electronic technology, and they can measure weight more accurately than analog scales. Furthermore, digital scales are user-friendly and come in different shapes and sizes. You can use these scales for weighing small and large objects, including food, jewelry, and much more. With advancements in technology, digital scales have become more compact, portable, and convenient. Not to mention, digital scales have a wider range of maximum weight limits than traditional scales, making them ideal for commercial use and heavy-duty packaging.
Affordable Scales for All
Gone are the days when scales were considered a luxury, as now scales are available in various price ranges, making them affordable for all. Whether you are looking for a basic scale or a high-end model, there is something for everyone. Inexpensive digital scales can be purchased for personal use, while businesses can invest in more expensive, durable models that accurately measure larger weights. The availability of affordable scales has made it possible for everyone to get a fair idea of the weight of their belongings at home or work. Furthermore, affordable scales have allowed small-scale entrepreneurs to keep their production costs low, leading to higher profits.
Specialty scales are designed for specific purposes. The market is now flooded with specialty scales that cater to diverse needs. For example, food scales are designed to weigh ingredients accurately while cooking. These scales allow you to measure your ingredients to ensure perfect consistency in your recipe. Similarly, medical scales are designed to weigh patients accurately, allowing medical personnel to track their progress over time. Postal scales, on the other hand, are designed to weigh envelopes and packages accurately, ensuring that packages are not sent back due to inaccurate weights and also saving postage costs.
In conclusion, scales have come a long way since they were first invented. With modern technology, scales are more accurate, user-friendly, and readily available in the market. From analog scales to digital scales and from affordable scales to specialty scales, the possibilities in weighing technology seem endless. The range of modern-day scales allows us to make everyday tasks more comfortable and more precise. It’s exciting to think about how the industry will evolve even further in the future.
The Impact of Scales on Society
Trade and Commerce
Scales can be considered as one of the greatest innovations of mankind in terms of facilitating fair trade. Scales have been used by merchants to accurately measure goods for centuries. With the invention of scales, merchants were able to weigh goods and materials with precision, ensuring that their customers received the correct amount of goods for their money. Thus, scales not only allowed for an increase in fair trade, but also provided consumers with greater peace of mind that they were receiving fair value for their money. This led to an increase in economic growth at local and global levels.
Medicine and Health
Scales have an essential role in the health and medical fields. Physicians and nurses today still make use of scales to weigh patients, a technique that has been used for centuries. By tracking weight, healthcare professionals are able to identify potential health issues, such as malnutrition or obesity. Pregnant women can also use scales to monitor their weight to ensure that the fetus is developing healthily. In addition, scales are frequently used in clinics, hospitals, and other healthcare facilities for weighing medications and other medical equipment. Scales have become an integral tool in ensuring patient safety and proper medication dosing.
Home and Lifestyle
In modern times, scales have become a staple in many households. With the rise of health and fitness awareness, scales are now commonly used to monitor weight loss and track progress. In addition, scales are used to measure ingredients in cooking, allowing for more precise and consistent recipes. Scales are also commonly used in baking, where accuracy in ingredient measurements is key. In recent years, digital scales have become increasingly popular and have made it easier for home cooks and dieters alike to accurately measure and track their progress.
In conclusion, scales have had a tremendous impact on our society. While they were originally invented for trade and commerce purposes, scales have since become an essential tool in the world of healthcare and have now become a household item. Their invention has led to fairer trade, economic expansion, healthier individuals, and more accurate cooking. Overall, the invention of scales has positively changed the way we live and conduct business.
The Future of Scales
Are you tired of manually logging your weight? With the increasing popularity of the Internet of Things (IoT), smart scales have emerged on the market. These scales connect to devices such as smartphones or tablets, allowing users to monitor and analyze their weight data. Smart scales are equipped with built-in Wi-Fi or Bluetooth connectivity, syncing with an app for easy tracking. Some models offer extra features such as body fat percentage and heart rate monitoring. These scales can even recognize individual users and automatically differentiate between family members, providing an accurate and personalized experience. Smart scales are a perfect solution for anyone looking for a more efficient and streamlined way of tracking their weight journey.
As environmental concerns continue to grow, green scales are becoming more important. These scales are designed with environmentally friendly materials, and often use less power. Some models are even solar-powered, using renewable energy to operate. The materials used in green scales are also non-toxic and recyclable, ensuring that they don’t harm the environment. By choosing a green scale, you can reduce your carbon footprint, and contribute to a healthier planet.
Virtual scales are a new type of scale that use augmented reality technology to create a virtual scale. Users can place objects on the virtual scale and receive weight readings without the need for an actual physical scale. This technology is especially useful for those who are constantly on the move and may not have access to a physical scale. Virtual scales use computer vision algorithms to detect and analyze objects, accurately providing weight readings. This type of scale is especially useful for travelers, and those who are always on the go. Imagine having a virtual scale in your pocket, allowing you to conveniently track your weight anywhere and anytime.
In conclusion, the future of scales is full of exciting innovations that cater to a wide range of users. Whether you prefer a more streamlined digital experience with smart scales, a more eco-friendly option with green scales, or a portable and convenient solution with virtual scales, there is a scale that fits your needs. The scale has come a long way since ancient times, and we can’t wait to see what the future holds. | <urn:uuid:dbfb3ffc-a0c0-4303-adc3-ec6995477c92> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.driverdrivers.com/when-was-the-scale-invented/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.957631 | 1,510 | 3.1875 | 3 |
Understanding Check Engine Light Codes:
The check engine light is one of the most important warning signals in your car, alerting you to potential problems with your vehicle's engine and emissions systems. However, understanding what these codes mean and how to read and interpret them can be a challenge. In this full explained topic, we will break down the process of reading and interpreting check engine light codes, so you can take the necessary steps to get your car back in top condition.
Take a piece of paper and a pen and write down the most important points because the explanation will be a little long. I tried to shorten it as much as possible, but..! So :
1. What is the check engine light and how does it work?
2. Why does the check engine light come on?
3. How to retrieve check engine light codes?
4. Understanding the different types of check engine light codes
5. How to diagnose check engine light issues?
6. When to seek professional help to check engine light issues?
By following these 6 steps, you can get a better understanding of what's going on under the hood of your car and take the necessary steps to keep it running smoothly. Whether you're an experienced DIY mechanic or just starting out, understanding check engine light codes is an essential part of maintaining and repairing your vehicle.
Let’s beginning our explanation step by step :
What is the check engine light and how does it work?
The check engine light, also known as the Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL), is a warning signal on the dashboard of your vehicle. It is designed to alert you to any issues or problems with your vehicle's engine or emissions system. When the check engine light is illuminated, it indicates that your vehicle's onboard computer, also known as the Engine Control Module (ECM), has detected a fault or malfunction.
The check engine light works by using sensors and computer systems that are integrated into your vehicle's engine management system. These sensors monitor various components and systems of your vehicle, such as the oxygen sensors, throttle position, and emissions control systems. When a problem is detected, the ECM sends a signal to the check engine light to illuminate, which alerts you to the issue.
It is important to understand that the check engine light is not an indicator of a specific problem, but rather a general warning that there is a problem somewhere in the engine or emissions system. To determine the exact cause of the problem, you need to perform a diagnostic test using a car diagnostic tool. This will help you to read and interpret the specific OBD codes that are associated with the problem, and take the necessary steps to repair your vehicle.
Why does the check engine light come on?
The check engine light, also known as the Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL), illuminates when there is a problem with your vehicle's engine, emissions system, or other components that impact the car's performance. There can be many reasons why the check engine light turns on, ranging from minor issues such as a loose gas cap to more serious problems like a failing catalytic converter. Some common causes of the check engine light turning on include:
1. Loose or damaged gas cap
This can cause fuel vapor to escape, triggering the check engine light.
2. Oxygen sensor failure
The oxygen sensor measures the amount of oxygen in the exhaust to determine if the fuel mixture is too rich or too lean. If the sensor fails, the check engine light will turn on.
3. Catalyst efficiency
The catalytic converter helps reduce harmful emissions by converting them into less harmful gases. If it becomes clogged or damaged, the check engine light will turn on.
4. Misfiring engine
If one or more cylinders in the engine are not firing correctly, it can trigger the check engine light.
5. Mass air flow sensor failure
This sensor measures the amount of air entering the engine, which is then used to determine the fuel mixture. If the sensor fails, the check engine light will turn on.
6. EVAP system issues
The EVAP system captures fuel vapor and recirculates it back into the engine. If there is a leak or other problem with the system, the check engine light will turn on.
Address any issues that trigger the check engine light as soon as possible, as they can have an impact on fuel efficiency, emissions, and overall performance.
How to retrieve check engine light codes?
The process of retrieving check engine light codes can vary depending on the make and model of your vehicle, as well as the type of diagnostic tool you are using. However, the basic steps are usually as follows:
1. Connect the diagnostic tool to the vehicle's onboard diagnostic (OBD) port, which is usually located under the dashboard on the driver's side.
2. Turn the ignition on but do not start the engine. This will allow the diagnostic tool to access the vehicle's onboard computer and retrieve any stored codes.
3. Follow the instructions on the diagnostic tool to retrieve the codes. This may involve pressing a button, scrolling through menus, or using software on a computer or tablet.
4. Write down the codes and look them up to determine their meaning. This can be done using an OBD code lookup tool, a repair manual, or by searching online.
5. If necessary, clear the codes from the vehicle's onboard computer and drive the vehicle to see if the check engine light comes back on. This will help you to determine if the issue has been resolved or if further diagnostic work is needed.
the different types of check engine light codes
The different types of check engine light codes can be classified based on the severity of the issue, as well as the type of system in the vehicle that is having a problem. Here are some common types of check engine light codes:
1. Powertrain codes
These codes indicate a problem with the engine, transmission, or other powertrain components.
2. Body and chassis codes
These codes indicate a problem with the vehicle's body or chassis, such as the airbags, ABS system, or power steering.
3. Network communication codes
These codes indicate a problem with the communication between the different computer modules in the vehicle.
4. Fuel and air intake codes
These codes indicate a problem with the fuel system, air intake system, or emission control systems.
5. Ignition and misfire codes
These codes indicate a problem with the ignition system, spark plugs, or other components related to engine performance.
6. Sensor and switch codes
These codes indicate a problem with sensors or switches in the vehicle, such as the oxygen sensor, throttle position sensor, or camshaft position sensor.
Note that not all check engine light codes are equal in terms of severity. Some codes may indicate a minor issue that can be safely driven with, while others may require immediate attention.
How to diagnose check engine light issues?
Diagnosing check engine light issues is an important step in ensuring the overall health and performance of your vehicle. To diagnose check engine light issues, you will need to retrieve the codes from your vehicle's on board diagnostics system and use that information to identify the underlying issue. Some common methods for diagnosing check engine light issues include using an OBD-II code reader, consulting a repair manual, or seeking the help of a professional mechanic.
To diagnose check engine light issues, you will need to understand the different types of check engine light codes and what they mean. Some codes may indicate simple issues, such as a loose gas cap, while others may indicate more complex issues, such as engine misfires or problems with the transmission. Understanding the different types of codes and what they mean will help you to determine the best course of action for resolving the issue.
Once you have retrieved the codes, you can then use a variety of resources to diagnose the issue. For example, you can consult a repair manual, use an online database to check engine light codes, or seek the help of a professional mechanic. The goal is to find the root cause of the issue and correct it, so that you can resolve the check engine light and restore your vehicle to proper working order.
When to seek professional help to check engine light issues?
When it comes to checking engine light issues, there may be times when seeking professional help is the best course of action. Some of the most common reasons to seek professional help include:
1. Persistent check engine light
If the check engine light has been illuminated for an extended period of time, or if it turns on and off repeatedly, it is a good idea to seek professional help. This could indicate a more serious issue with your vehicle that requires professional attention.
2. Complex issues
If the check engine light codes indicate a complex issue with your vehicle, it is often best to seek professional help. For example, issues related to the transmission, emissions, or engine management systems can be complex and may require specialized knowledge to diagnose and repair.
3. Safety concerns
If the check engine light codes indicate a potential safety issue with your vehicle, such as a problem with the airbags, brakes, or suspension, it is important to seek professional help right away. These issues can impact your ability to drive safely and should be addressed as soon as possible.
4. Cost concerns
In some cases, attempting to diagnose and repair a check engine light issue on your own can be costly, especially if you make a mistake or cause additional damage to your vehicle. Seeking professional help can ensure that the issue is diagnosed and repaired correctly the first time, saving you time and money in the long run.
Understanding check engine light codes is a crucial aspect of car maintenance and troubleshooting. By knowing what the codes mean and how to diagnose the issues, you can make informed decisions about fixing your vehicle and keeping it running smoothly. However, it's important to remember that some issues may be complex and require professional help, so don't hesitate to seek assistance if needed. Regular check-ups and maintenance can also help prevent engine light issues from occurring in the first place, so be sure to stay on top of your vehicle's health. | <urn:uuid:aa463c52-9e1a-47d4-888a-3f8e70aef515> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.drivewise.autos/2023/03/Check-Engine-Lights.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.924815 | 2,082 | 2.75 | 3 |
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The non-medical use and abuse of prescription pain relievers in the US has over the years become an increasingly serious problem. Never before have we seen numbers such as these. Even when heroin and laudanum were available over the counter for anyone of any age, the rates of addiction and overdose weren't where we've arrived today.
This includes prescription pain relievers and cold remedies. Opioids are narcotic drugs and are most commonly used to treat intense pain, either acute pain or chronic pain. They can also be used for cough suppressants and to treat diarrhea.
These medications vary widely in terms of strength and duration of action. While all drugs have side effects, opioid medications exhibit many, some severe.
NIDA tells us that more than 54 million adult Americans have misused prescription opioids in their lifetimes. That means 20 percent of all Americans above age 12. And it is increasing at an alarming rate. More than two million Americans used prescription drugs non-medically for the first time in 2015. That comes to around 5,750 new users every day.
The reasons for these nearly epidemic increases are many and varied, but accessibility and misinformation regarding the safety of non-medical use of prescribed drugs and their addictive potentials are likely among the most important causes. The perception that any medication prescribed by a physician must be safer than an illegal drug also leads to more experimentation with the resulting increase of dependence and addiction.
Since 1999 the overuse and abuse of prescription opioids has more than quadrupled to the point that in 2015, and average of 91 Americans died every day from prescribed opioid overdose. The CDC reported in 2013 that prescribers wrote nearly a quarter of a billion prescriptions for opioid medications. That is enough for every adult in American to have their own bottle of pills.
Many efforts are underway to reduce the prevalence of pain killer abuse and addiction. The Drug Enforcement Agency, (DEA), works to control and reduce the import of counterfeit pills pouring in to the US from clandestine Asian manufacturers. Many good agencies provide drug abuse education and awareness workshops in schools and community organizations. The Federal government has implemented a national program called the Prescription Drug Monitoring Program, the PDMP. This is a nationwide database which is accessible to health care providers and pharmacies. It contains a record of every time a drug from a list of potentially addictive medications is prescribed, when the prescription is filled, to whom, where and what the prescription was for.
But when addiction has taken hold and the patient finds he or she is unable to stop or even reduce their drug use, it's time for treatment. Effective treatment is available, treatment that will keep the patient in a safe and drug free environment for a long enough period of time so recovery can actually take hold. And a long enough time for the former addict to change destructive habits into constructive activities, which is a necessary step to undo what the months and years of drug abuse have created. | <urn:uuid:7b008117-b746-468d-b9f4-4be6741b9875> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.drug-abuse.org/prescription-opioid-abuse-today.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.953643 | 602 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Students who took the 2014-15 PARCC exams via computer tended to score lower than those who took the exams with paper and pencil—a revelation that prompts questions about the validity of the test results and poses potentially big problems for state and district leaders.
Officials from the multistateacknowledged the discrepancies in scores across different formats of its exams in response to questions from Education Week.
“It is true that this [pattern exists] on average, but that doesn’t mean it occurred in every state, school, and district on every one of the tests,” Jeffrey Nellhaus, PARCC’s chief of assessment, said in an interview.
“There is some evidence that, in part, the [score] differences we’re seeing may be explained by students’ familiarity with the computer-delivery system,” Nellhaus said.
In general, the pattern of lower scores for students who took PARCC exams by computer is the most pronounced in English/language arts and middle- and upper-grades math.
Hard numbers from across the consortium are not yet available. But the advantage for paper-and-pencil test-takers appears in some cases to be substantial, based on independent analyses conducted by one prominent PARCC state and a high-profile school district that administered the exams.
In December, the Illinois state board of education found that 43 percent of students there who took the PARCC English/language arts exam on paper scored proficient or above, compared with 36 percent of students who took the exam online. The state board has not sought to determine the cause of those score differences.
Meanwhile, in Maryland’s 111,000-student Baltimore County schools, district officials found similar differences, then used statistical techniques to isolate the impact of the test format.
They found a strong “mode effect” in numerous grade-subject combinations: Baltimore County middle-grades students who took the paper-based version of the PARCC English/language arts exam, for example, scored almost 14 points higher than students who had equivalent demographic and academic backgrounds but took the computer-based test.
“The differences are significant enough that it makes it hard to make meaningful comparisons between students and [schools] at some grade levels,” said Russell Brown, the district’s chief accountability and performance-management officer. “I think it draws into question the validity of the first year’s results for PARCC.”
4 of 5 PARCC Exams Taken Online
Last school year, roughly 5 million students acrosssat for the first official administration of the PARCC exams, which are intended to align with the Common Core State Standards. Nearly 81 percent of those students took the exams by computer.
Scores on the exams are meant to be used for federal and state accountability purposes, to make instructional decisions at the district and school levels, and, in some cases, as an eventual graduation requirement for students and an eventual evaluation measure for teachers and principals.
, which are being given again this year.
PARCC officials are still working to determine the full scope and causes of last year’s score discrepancies, which may partly result from demographic and academic differences between the students who took the tests on computers and those who took it on paper, rather than the testing format itself.
Assessment experts consulted by Education Week said the remedy for a “mode effect” is typically to adjust the scores of all students who took the exam in a particular format, to ensure that no student is disadvantaged by the mode of administration.
PARCC officials, however, said they are not considering such a solution. It will be up to district and state officials to determine the scope of any problem in their schools’ test results, as well as what to do about it, Nellhaus said.
Such uncertainty is bound to create headaches for education leaders, said Michael D. Casserly, the executive director of the, which represents 67 of the country’s largest urban school systems.
“The onus should be on PARCC to make people aware of what these effects are and what the guidelines are for state and local school districts to adjust their data,” Casserly said.
Comparing Online and Paper Tests a Longstanding Challenge
The challenges associated with comparing scores across traditional and technology-based modes of test administration are not unique to PARCC.
The, for example, told Education Week that it is still investigating possible mode effects in the results from its 2014-15 tests, taken by roughly 6 million students in 18 states. That consortium—which, like PARCC, offers exams aligned with the common core—has yet to determine how many students took the SBAC exam online, although the proportion is expected to be significantly higher than in PARCC states.
Officials with Smarter Balanced are in the early stages of preparing technical reports on that and other matters.
“We’ll analyze the operational data. I can’t speculate in advance what that implies,” Tony Alpert, the executive director of Smarter Balanced, said in an interview. “We don’t believe that differences in scores, if there are any, will result in different decisions that [states and districts] might make based on the test.”
States that administer their own standardized exams, meanwhile, have for years conducted comparability studies while making the transition from paper- to computer-based tests. Past studies in Minnesota, Oregon, Texas, and Utah, for example, have returned mixed results, generally showing either a slight advantage for students who take the tests with paper and pencil, or no statistically significant differences in scores based on mode of administration.
The National Center for Education Statistics, meanwhile, is studying similar dynamics as it moves the National Assessment of Educational Progress, or NAEP,.
Anfound that high-performing 4th graders who took NAEP’s computer-based pilot writing exam in 2012 scored “substantively higher on the computer” than similar students who had taken the exam on paper in 2010. Low- and middle-performing students did not similarly benefit from taking the exam on computers, raising concerns that computer-based exams might widen achievement gaps.
A still-in-process analysis of data from a study of(that were used only for research purposes) has also found some signs of a mode effect, the acting NCES commissioner, Peggy G. Carr, told Education Week.
“The differences we see across the distribution of students who got one format or another is minimal, but we do see some differences for some subgroups of students, by race or socioeconomic status,” she said.
One key factor, according to Carr: students’ prior exposure to and experience with computers.
“If you are a white male and I am a black female, and we both have familiarity with technology, we’re going to do better [on digitally based assessment items] than our counterparts who don’t,” she said.
The NCES is conducting multiple years of pilot studies with digitally based items before making them live, in order to ensure that score results can be compared from year to year.
A PARCC spokesman said the consortium did analyze data from a 2014 field test of the exam to look for a possible mode effect, but only on an item-by-item basis, rather than by analyzing the exam taken as a whole. The analysis found no significant differences attributable to the mode of administration.
When asked why 2014-15 test scores were released to the public before a comprehensive analysis of possible mode effects was conducted, Nellhaus, PARCC’s chief of assessment, said responsibility rests with the states in the consortium. “People were very anxious to see the results of the assessments, and the [state education] chiefs wanted to move forward with reporting them,” Nellhaus said. “There was no definitive evidence at that point that any [score] differences were attributable to the platform.”
Illinois, Baltimore County Find Differences in PARCC Scores By Testing Format
The Illinois state school board made its PARCC results public in mid-December. In a press release, it made indirect mention of a possible mode effect, writing that the board “expects proficiency levels to increase as both students and teachers become more familiar with the higher standards and the test’s technology.”
Adone by the state board’s data-analysis division was also posted on the board’s website, but does not appear to have been reported on publicly.
That analysis shows often-stark differences by testing format in the percentages of Illinois students who demonstrated proficiency (by scoring a 4 or 5) on PARCC English/language arts exams across all tested grades. Of the 107,067 high school students who took the test online, for example, 32 percent scored proficient. That’s compared with 50 percent for the 17,726 high school students who took the paper version of the exam.
The differences by format are not so pronounced in elementary-grades math; in grades 3-5, in fact, slightly higher percentages of students scored proficient on the online version of the PARCC exam than on the paper version.
But proficiency rates among paper-and-pencil test-takers were 7 to 9 points higher on the 8th grade and high school math exams.
The Illinois board has not conducted any further analysis of the results to determine the cause of those discrepancies. Board officials declined to be interviewed.
“The statewide results in Illinois suggest some differences in performance between the online and paper administrations of the assessment,” according to a statement provided by the board. “There is no consistent relationship from district to district. … Both versions of the test provide reliable and valid information that teachers and parents can use to identify student strengths and areas needing improvement.”
In Maryland, meanwhile, more than 41,000 Baltimore County students in grades 3-8 took the PARCC exams in 2014-15. Fifty-three percent of students took the math exam online, while 29 percent took the English/language arts exam online. The mode of test administration was decided on a school-by-school basis, based on the ratio of computers to students in each building’s largest grade.
Like Illinois, Baltimore County found big score differences by mode of test administration. Among 7th graders, for example, the percentage of students scoring proficient on the ELA test was 35 points lower among those who took the test online than among those who took the test on paper.
To identify the cause of such discrepancies, district officials compared how students and schools with similar academic and demographic backgrounds did on each version of the exams.
They found that after controlling for student and school characteristics, students were between 3 percent and 9 percent more likely to score proficient on the paper-and-pencil version of the math exam, depending on their grade levels. Students were 11 percent to 14 percent more likely to score proficient on the paper version of the the ELA exam.
“It will make drawing comparisons within the first year’s results difficult, and it will make drawing comparisons between the first- and second-year [PARCC results] difficult as well,” said Brown, the accountability chief for the Baltimore County district.
“This really underscores the need to move forward” with the district’s plan to move to an all-digital testing environment, he said.
A Big ‘Bug in the System’
In the meantime, what should state and district leaders, educators, and parents make of such differences?
The test results still have value, said Nellhaus of PARCC.
“This is still useful and important information providing a wealth of information for schools to improve instruction and identify students who need assistance or enrichment,” he said.
But possible mode effects on multistate-consortia exams should be taken seriously, at least in the short term, and especially if they have not been accounted for before test results are reported publicly, said assessment experts consulted by Education Week.
“Because we’re in a transition stage, where some kids are still taking paper-and-pencil tests, and some are taking them on computer, and there are still connections to high stakes and accountability, it’s a big deal,” said, a professor of research and evaluation methodology at the University of Colorado at Boulder.
“In the short term, on policy grounds, you need to come up with an adjustment, so that if a [student] is taking a computer version of the test, it will never be held against [him or her],” said Briggs, who serves on the technical-advisory committees for both PARCC and Smarter Balanced.
Such a remedy is not on the table within PARCC, however.
“At this point, PARCC is not considering that,” Nellhaus said. “This needs to be handled very locally. There is no one-size-fits-all remedy.”
But putting that burden on states and school districts will likely have significant implications on the ground, said Casserly of the Council of the Great City Schools.
“I think it will heighten uncertainty, and maybe even encourage districts to hold back on how vigorously they apply the results to their decisionmaking,” he said.
“One reason many people wanted to delay the use [of PARCC scores for accountability purposes] was to give everybody a chance to shake out the bugs in the system,” Casserly added. “This is a big one.”
Coverage of the implementation of college- and career-ready standards and the use of personalized learning is supported in part by a grant from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Education Week retains sole editorial control over the content of this coverage.
A version of this article appeared in the February 10, 2016 edition of Education Week as PARCC Scores Lower on Computer Exams | <urn:uuid:b43c4656-66b1-4a57-a86e-64105fb1e909> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/parcc-scores-lower-for-students-who-took-exams-on-computers/2016/02?intc=main-mpsmvs | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.962635 | 2,902 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Sisters Jennifer and Christina are exploring part of Southwestern Germany on our popular ‘Castles, Country Inns and Historic Guesthouses Tour’ which includes stays in some of the most unique villages and small towns we know in this region. The two young Canadians just experienced a night in Germany’s oldest hotel, built in 1590.
Miltenberg lies in a narrow plain between a high sandstone cliff and the Main River. Flooded many times in its long history, the local prince declared in 1622 that all houses must be raised on solid, stone foundations to avoid the constant rotting and therefore necessary replacement of ground floor levels. That is why, in some houses, you see a date of construction of 1622 below a date of construction of an earlier date.
A stay in one of those grand houses, built in the 1200s with a solid foundation, is always a highlight for guests of European Focus. The ‘Riesen,’ or Giant, has been a hotel for the princes, bishops and emperors of Europe since the 12th century. It is documented that Emperor Karl IV stayed here in 1338. Martin Luther stayed here as he fled from his trial in Worms. Our guests Christina and Jennifer had the room named for Karl IV, with a splendid view over the town and the castle beyond.
Miltenberg is loaded with half-timbered houses. A custom in the old days was to cover the timber with plaster, thereby giving the impression to those who didn’t know better that your house was built of solid stone. A phrase from that time, ‘Stein Reich,’ or stone rich, reminds us today of how valuable it was to have solid building blocks. | <urn:uuid:57338e34-51de-48f4-a173-5adbd8a6d0a3> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.europeanfocus.com/exploring-miltenberg-am-main-germany/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.970182 | 353 | 2.75 | 3 |
Quick and dirty implementation to reduce technical or business uncertainty.
When developing products, there are many uncertainties.
The Ends-Uncertainty refers to What to build? And
The Means-Uncertainty refers to How to make it?
There can also be social uncertainty that relates to how well people collaborate, but let’s assume that people like working together.
Because if people involved are not getting along, then that is the most considerable risk, and all other concerns pale in comparison.
A Story in Agile development refers to valuable functionality your team can develop within an iteration. To implement the Story, the developers need to know how to make it, and the Story “donor” (Product Owner or Stakeholder) needs to know what to build. But when the team is working on new architecture or developing functionality that cuts through a messy codebase, there can be a high degree of uncertainty on how to do it.
A Spike is a quick and dirty implementation to reduce the technical or business requirements uncertainty. As an investigative technique, a Spike enables the team to try building essential connections between architectural components or modify the legacy codebase in “safe mode,” so the developers can learn more about how to make it and reduce the Means-Uncertainty. Because the Spike is an investigative technique to maximize learning, the code is not production quality and does not meet the Definition of Done.
Early in development, the team does not have enough experience and knowledge of the systems, so novice agile teams make the mistake of implementing too many Spikes. Instead, the team should stage Spikes to implement learnings immediately. And also, because exploratory work can meander in many ways, it is helpful to set up a fixed time-box for a developer pair to investigate and share learnings from their Spike. The team may decide to invest in another time box to explore the Spike even further, but this has to be a conscious team decision. | <urn:uuid:f94623f8-3d77-4d53-a4b0-7808103f83a2> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.evolveagility.com/project/spike/page/2/?et_portfolio | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.937634 | 402 | 2.9375 | 3 |
MSO6853 - Late Mesolithic flintworking site at Larkbarrow Farm (Monument)
Please read the Exmoor National Park Historic Environment Record caveat document.
Type and Period (1)
Flint core-trimmings have been found near Larkbarrow and donated to the County Museum, Taunton (56.A.49). These are pebble core trimmings classified as Mesolithic/Neolithic by Mr. Hallam, who found them at SS 8215 4285, in 1956. [2,4] Six further flints were collected from the surface of the track in front of the Larkbarrow Farm ruins. Several worked flints were recovered from the valley mire below the site in 2005. A stratified chert blade and an unstratified flint microlith were recovered in a probable sheep scrape at NGR SS 82251 42827 in 2007-8. Both items were considered to be Mesolithic. [9,10] Further flint was discovered by archaeologists at ENPA, which led to the commissioning of a geophysical survey of the site in March 2008. The survey identified a number of potential archaeological features including at least one possible in situ burning event, as well as a number of possible circular features and a linear feature. It was, however, hampered by the presence of widespread fragments of shrapnel across the site resulting from artillery shell impacts during World War Two. Further flint was also recovered during this survey, including a micro-core. [11,12,15] The site was subject to evaluation excavations in Spring 2008. The evaluation was aimed at establishing the preservation of archaeological remains, particularly due to recent disturbance, and to recover a flint assemblage to allow assessment of the material and the establishment of a date for the site. Seven trenches of c.2m x 2m were opened. The excavations recovered 505 pieces of flint debitage and 75 retouched tools, classified as late Mesolithic but no datable deposits were encountered. The finds provide evidence that flint was knapped on site, with raw materials being derived from beach pebble (perhaps partly from Porlock Beach) and the tools produced being useable for a variety of purposes, suggesting the site was more than a hunting camp. However, no evidence of structures was noted. It was suggested the site may have been used by hunter gatherers also using Hawkcombe Head (MSO7889) as the flint typology is the same. 17 of the pieces of flint found here were of a honey coloured stone, whereas only 3 or 4 of this type have been found at Hawkcombe. [12,15] The combe south of Larkbarrow was subject to palaeoecological research and assessment. This included macrofossil analysis from a section. It was noted that the density of late Mesolithic flint work, adjacent to a high potential palaeoecological site, is unparalleled on Exmoor. This record was enhanced as part of the National Record of the Historic Environment to Exmoor National Park Historic Environment Record data transfer project.
- <1> SSO729 Article in serial: Anon. 1954-5. Additions to the Museum. Proceedings of the Somerset Archaeology and Natural History Society. 99 and 100. P. 7.
- <2> SEM7441 Index: Ordnance Survey. Ordnance Survey Archaeology Division Record Card. 1965, SS 84 SW 2.
- <3> SMO5303 Map: Ordnance Survey Archaeology Division Map Collection Reference . Corr 6 inches. JG Rutter, 22 January 1958.
- <4> SMO5103 Unpublished document: Ordnance Survey Archaeology Division Field Investigators Comments. D King, F1, 15 March 1967.
- <5> SSO1400 Unpublished document: McDonnell, R.. Comment from Western Archaeological Trust Survey or Site Visit. 18 January 1984.
- <6> SEM6761 Article in serial: Wilson-North, R.. 2009. Hunter Gatherers on Exmoor - Lessons From the Past. Exmoor Visitor.
- <7> SEM7548 Article in serial: Wilson-North, R.. 2011. From Barrows to Burnt Mounds. Exmoor Review. 52. 85-89. P.85.
- <8> SEM7120 Article in serial: Wilson-North, R.. 2005/2006. Larkbarrow - Fact, Folly and Failure. Exmoor Visitor.
- <9> SMO4109 Serial: Somerset Archaeological and Natural History Society. 1851-. Proceedings of the Somerset Archaeological and Natural History Society. Volume 151 (2008); 'Lithic Finds from Larkbarrow Farm, Exmoor' (Richard McDonnell) p183-185.
- <10> SEM6847 Report: McDonnell, R.. 2007. Mesolithic Finds from Larkbarrow Farm, Exmoor.
- <11> SEM6937 Report: Dean, R.. 2008. Lark Barrow, Exmoor, Somerset: Results of an Archaeological Gradiometer Survey.
- <12> SEM7637 Report: Wilson-North, R.. 2011. Larkbarrow, Somerset: Interim Report on Archaeological Excavations and Other Fieldwork 2008. http://www.exmoor-nationalpark.gov.uk/environment/history/historic-environment-publications.
- <13> SEM7191 Report: Fyfe, R. and Adams, H.. 2008. Assessment of the areas of exceptional archaeological and historical importance, Exmoor National Park.
- <14> SEM4 Report: Jamieson, E.. 2001. Larkbarrow Farm, Exmoor, Somerset. English Heritage. 8.
- <15> SMO4109 Serial: Somerset Archaeological and Natural History Society. 1851-. Proceedings of the Somerset Archaeological and Natural History Society. Volume 155 (2012), 193-7 A Late Mesolithic site at Larkbarrow on Exmoor (R Wilson-North, P Gardiner).
- <16> SEM8493 Report: Riley, H.. 2017. Agricultural Reclamation at Larkbarrow Farm, Exmoor. Exmoor Mires Partnership ELB17 Project Report.
- <17> SEM7987 Digital archive: Historic England. Various. National Record of the Historic Environment (NRHE) entry. 36208, Extant 12 July 2021.
External Links (1)
- www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=36208 (Original Monarch entry: 36208)
- Local Heritage List Status (Unassessed)
- National Monuments Record reference: SS 84 SW2
- National Park
- NRHE HOB UID (Pastscape): 36208
- Somerset SMR PRN (Somerset): 33053
|Grid reference||Centred SS 8219 4287 (237m by 149m) Estimated from sources|
|Civil Parish||EXMOOR, WEST SOMERSET, SOMERSET|
- BLADE (Mesolithic - 10000 BC to 4001 BC)
- MICROLITH (Mesolithic - 10000 BC to 4001 BC)
- DEBITAGE (Late Mesolithic - 7000 BC to 4001 BC)
- CRESTED BLADE (Late Mesolithic - 7000 BC to 4001 BC)
- CORE (Late Mesolithic - 7000 BC to 4001 BC)
- DENTICULATE (Late Mesolithic - 7000 BC to 4001 BC)
- MICROBURIN? (Late Mesolithic - 7000 BC to 4001 BC)
- BACKED BLADELET (Late Mesolithic - 7000 BC to 4001 BC)
- MICROLITH (Late Mesolithic - 7000 BC to 4001 BC)
- LITHIC IMPLEMENT (Late Mesolithic - 7000 BC to 4001 BC)
- CORE (Late Mesolithic - 7000 BC to 4001 BC)
- LITHIC IMPLEMENT? (Late Mesolithic - 7000 BC to 4001 BC)
- CORE (Early Mesolithic to Late Neolithic - 10000 BC? to 2201 BC?)
Related Monuments/Buildings (1)
Related Events/Activities (4)
Related Articles (2)
Record last edited
Oct 12 2022 2:45PM
Your feedback is welcome. If you can provide any new information about this record, please contact us. | <urn:uuid:ee96112f-c0e0-4545-83b5-af532cd31901> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.exmoorher.co.uk/Monument/MSO6853 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.867544 | 1,795 | 2.578125 | 3 |
MSO7906 - Simonsbath to Porlock Railway (Monument)
Please read the Exmoor National Park Historic Environment Record caveat document.
Type and Period (1)
The Exmoor and Porlock Railway was proposed to transport iron ore from Simonsbath (SS 77 39) to Porlock Weir (SS 86 47) for shipment to South Wales. An agreement to construct the line was signed in 1855, but mining activity on Exmoor ceased shortly after. Construction contracts were let out in 1860 and substantial diggings were made before the project was abandoned. Sections of the line can still be detected. There is some evidence to suggest that a plan existed to build a standard gauge railway along the same lines about 1826 to open up access to Exmoor. The 'Pinkery Canal' (MSO6847) was possibly linked to this scheme to work inclines down to Simonsbath and Cornham (SS 74 39). [1-3, 21] The track bed of the Simonsbath to Porlock Weir railways survives as an intermittent earthwork in the RCHME East Exmoor Project area. A length of track bed follows the contour (at approximately 425 metres) from the Forest boundary at SS 8331 4360, around the headwaters of Weir Water, to the Porlock-Exford road at SS 8445 4404. On the eastern side of the road, the earthwork is well-preserved. It runs from SS 8460 4420 to SS 8455 4514. The earthwork comprises a levelled portion 6 metres wide, with a bank 1 metre wide and 0.7 metres high on its eastern edge. A further length of track bed runs from SS 8440 4583 to just above the A39 at SS 8495 4629. This part of the line was surveyed using differential GPS as part of the RCHME East Exmoor project. A plan of part of the proposed route shows three inclines to take the railway down to Porlock Weir. Part of the western most of these three inclines was excavated between Westcott and the Toll Road. This was noted by M. Jones as visible between SS 8506 4655 and SS 8508 4667. A well preserved section of the track bed, from SS 8272 4212 to SS 8221 4161, was recorded at 1:2500 scale using differential GPS as part of an archaeological survey of the Larkbarrow area. The route of the Simonsbath-Porlock railway is clearly visible as an earthwork on aerial photographs, running from approximately SS 8496 4629 (SS 84 NW) to SS 7676 4160 (SS 74 SE). Some sections are better preserved than others, and the track appears to fade from view east of Blackpitts Farm, Exmoor. [9-16] The description of the route differs from that shown on the aerial photographs and the Ordnanace Survey Archaeology Division 6 inch maps. [18-21] Gradiometer Survey picked up a linear anomaly at approximately SS 843 457 which is post-medieval in date. The earthworks forming the trackbed of the railway were created, but the track was never laid due to the iron resources in the area having been found to be too poor. Much of the railway commissioned by Frederic Knight can be traced still (in 2013). A small part of this feature was covered by one of the geophysical survey areas of the Dig Porlock project in 2013, using earth resistance and gradiometer survey equipment. Following assessment of the results of the surveys, it was recommended by Carey Consulting that further work to compare the geophysical results to the earthworks would be of value. Part of this feature was present in the survey area for a measured field survey in 2013, undertaken as part of the Dig Porlock project, run by the Exmoor Moorland Landscape Partnership Scheme. Similarly, as part of Dig Porlock volunteers and students of the University of Leicester undertook resistivity and magnetometry survey over part of the railway. The railway was intended to transport lime to the reclaimed moorland, to neutralise the acidic soils, and to move iron ore from Exmoor to the coast. The railway was included as part of Cornwall Council's survey of Porlock Allotment as the bailing area for the proposed Mires restoration on Alderman's Barrow Allotment. This record was enhanced as part of the National Record of the Historic Environment to Exmoor National Park Historic Environment Record data transfer project. An archaeological assessment of the earthwork remains of the Exmoor and Porlock Railway, between Larkbarrow Corner and Warren Farm, Exmoor, was carried out in advance of proposed works on a bridleway which runs along its course. A historic source referenced in the text states that this section had been constructed by October 1861 "so far as the removal of the sod or turf and the levelling of the loose earth and stones beneath are concerned." In December 1857, Henry Scale wrote a letter (apparently to Frederic Winn Knight) stating that “having once stopped do not lay out another shilling until you are afsured of a Railway“. A letter from Rebecca Smith to her husband Robert Smith (Frederic Winn Knight's agent) dated 28 October 1858 states that "Mr. Hill... has concluded his bargain with Mr. Llewellen [sic] for 5000 acres altogether, all Toms Hill way & they will begin a rail road in c [circa] 2 months, for trams drawn by horses fr Porlock. Mr. Hill finding the 15,000 which it will cost the Lease is preparing so will soon be ready for Mr. K to sign. So you may fancy Mr Scale in high glee." The railway is mentioned in a publication on the industrial archaeology of Somerset. The book states that a well preserved length of the route is on the east side of the Exford to Porlock road at SS 8455 4514.
- <1> SEM7231 Monograph: Orwin, C.S.. 1929. The Reclamation of Exmoor Forest. Oxford University Press. 1st Edition. 144-151.
- <2> SSO1306 Monograph: Madge, M. 1975. Railways around Exmoor. 73-77 ( map 64-65).
- <2> SSO708 Survey: Western Archaeological Trust. 1980s. Exmoor Aerial Photograph Survey. 8040, 8041, 8242, 8342, 8343, 8443, 8445 and 8446.
- <3> SMO5325 Monograph: Buchanan, C.A.and Buchanan, R.A.. 1980. The Batsford Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Central Southern England. Batsford. 147.
- <4> SMO7322 Unpublished document: Riley, H.. Field Investigators Comments. RCHME Field Investigation, 1998.
- <5> SEM7665 Technical drawing: Plan of Inclines at Porlock. D/DG Plan 79.
- <6> SMO5308 Verbal communication: Various. Various. Oral Information. M Jones, 1998 Correspondence to RCHME.
- <7> SEM4 Report: Jamieson, E.. 2001. Larkbarrow Farm, Exmoor, Somerset. English Heritage.
- <8> SMO7532 Archive: Jamieson, E. and Riley, H.. 2000-2001. Larkbarrow Farm, Somerset. AF1350534.
- <9> SEM6707 Aerial photograph: Royal Air Force. 1946 -1948. Vertical Aerial Photography. RAF 106G/UK/1501 3069-70 (13 May 1946).
- <10> SEM6707 Aerial photograph: Royal Air Force. 1946 -1948. Vertical Aerial Photography. RAF 106G/UK/1501 4194-5 (13 May 1946).
- <11> SEM6707 Aerial photograph: Royal Air Force. 1946 -1948. Vertical Aerial Photography. RAF 106G/UK/1501 4067-68 (13 May 1946).
- <12> SEM6707 Aerial photograph: Royal Air Force. 1946 -1948. Vertical Aerial Photography. RAF CPE/UK/1980 3164-65 (11 April 1947).
- <13> SMO4068 Aerial photograph: Various. Various. Vertical Aerial Photograph. NMR OS/72314 260-61 (17 April 1972).
- <14> SMO4068 Aerial photograph: Various. Various. Vertical Aerial Photograph. NMR OS/73109 942-43 (29 April 1973).
- <15> SMO7567 Archive: 2007-2009. Exmoor National Park NMP: SS 84 SW. MD002184.
- <16>XY SMO7549 Archive: 2007-2009. Exmoor National Park NMP: SS 84 NW. MD002166. [Mapped feature: #38270 ]
- <17> SSO2122 Article in serial: Youell, R.F.. 1974. New evidence to explain the mystery of Pinkworthy Pond. Exmoor Review. 15. 102-103. 102-03.
- <18> SSO269 Aerial photograph: September 19. HSL.UK.71-178 Run 83, 9301 and Run 85, 9336.
- <19> SSO289 Aerial photograph: 1947. LHL CPE/UK/1980. 3031, 3062-3064, 3165, 4059, 4159-4160 and 8162.
- <20> SSO274 Aerial photograph: HSL.UK.72-49 Run 81. 0018 and 0020.
- <22> SSO1384 Report: McDonnell, R. 1985. Recommendations for the Management…. 32 57 and 76 (site 199).
- <23> SEM7120 Article in serial: Wilson-North, R.. 2005/2006. Larkbarrow - Fact, Folly and Failure. Exmoor Visitor.
- <24> SEM7634 Report: Dean, R.. 2011. Hawkcombe Head, Exmoor: Archaeological gradiometer and earth resistance survey.
- <25> SEM7997 Monograph: Siraut, M.. Royal Forest, Exmoor: A guide to the Royal Forest of Exmoor. Exmoor National Park Authority. 33.
- <26> SEM7998 Report: Carey, C.. 2013. Luccott Gate, Exmoor: Geophysical survey.
- <27> SEM8002 Report: Riley, H.. 2013. Dig Porlock: Earthwork surveys on Porlock Allotment. 3, 6, 11-12.
- <28> SEM7964 Report: Gillings, M & Taylor, J. 2013. Porlock Allotment, Exmoor: Geophysical Survey. 10-12.
- <29> SEM8011 Leaflet: 2013. Larkbarrow, Exmoor: Exmoor moorland archaeology walks series. Exmoor National Park Authority.
- <30> SEM6823 Report: Kirkham, G. and Taylor, S.. 2008. Exmoor Mire Restoration Project: Archaeological Survey on Moorland Areas at Alderman's Barrow Allotment, Blackpitts-Exe Head, North Twitchen, Roosthitchen and Verney's Allotment. Cornwall County Council Historic Environment Service (Projects). p. 10; no. 13.
- <31> SEM7987 Digital archive: Historic England. Various. National Record of the Historic Environment (NRHE) entry. 36303, Extant 16 June 2021.
- <32> SEM340849 Report: Riley, H.. 2018. Assessment of the remains of the Exmoor and Porlock Railway and the southern branch of the Warren Canal, Exmoor: Larkbarrow Corner to Warren Farm. Hazel Riley. Esp. p8.
- <33> SEM8631 Archive: Various. 1815-1999. Knight Archive. N/A. KN.CORR.023_1857.12.12.pdf, p4.
- <34> SEM8631 Archive: Various. 1815-1999. Knight Archive. N/A. KN.CORR.014_1858.10.28.pdf.
- <35> SEM8738 Monograph: Daniel, P. (Ed.). 2019. A guide to the industrial archaeology of Somerset. Association for Industrial Archaeology. 2nd Edition. p 70, W19.3.
External Links (1)
- http://www.pastscape.org.uk/hob.aspx?hob_id=36303 (Original Monarch entry: 36303)
- Exmoor National Park HER Number (now deleted): MMO182
- Exmoor National Park HER Number (now deleted): MSO10907
- Local Heritage List Status (Proposed)
- National Monuments Record reference: SS 84 SW44
- National Park: Exmoor National Park
- NRHE HOB UID (Pastscape): 36303
- Somerset SMR PRN (Somerset): 33046
|Grid reference||Centred SS 8086 4348 (8207m by 5651m) Also SMO7567|
|Civil Parish||EXMOOR, WEST SOMERSET, SOMERSET|
|Civil Parish||PORLOCK, WEST SOMERSET, SOMERSET|
Related Monuments/Buildings (5)
- Parent of: Porlock Weir Incline, Simonsbath to Porlock Railway (Monument) (MEM22309)
- Related to: Bronze Age burial cairn at Elsworthy (Monument) (MSO11032)
- Related to: Bronze Age burial cairn at Elsworthy (Monument) (MSO7031)
- Related to: Possible prehistoric enclosure on Porlock Allotment (Monument) (MSO7904)
- Related to: Post-medieval enclosure on Elsworthy (Monument) (MSO7030)
Related Events/Activities (7)
- Event - Survey: 2000-1: TS - Larkbarrow Farm, Exmoor (ESO3)
- Event - Survey: 2007-2009: AP - Exmoor National Park NMP (EEM14906)
- Event - Survey: 2008: WS - Porlock Allotment, Mires Project (EEM14739)
- Event - Survey: 2011: Geo - Hawkcombe Head, proposed cable route (Ref: TTNCM 62/2011) (EEM14137)
- Event - Survey: 2013: Geo - Luccott Gate, Dig Porlock project (EEM14134)
- Event - Survey: 2013: MS & RS, Area 3, Porlock Allotment (EEM14142)
- Event - Survey: 2018: TS - Simonsbath to Porlock Railway (EEM14934)
Related Articles (2)
Record last edited
Oct 11 2022 1:41PM
Your feedback is welcome. If you can provide any new information about this record, please contact us. | <urn:uuid:82975053-a79b-42a7-95f2-d7b5140f84db> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.exmoorher.co.uk/Monument/MSO7906 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.846412 | 3,216 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Watching Weather: Discover the Unexpected Science and Lore of Sun, Storms and Seasons by Mary Miller, Tom Murphree and the Exploratorium
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- Product Type: Books | <urn:uuid:5113d81b-899f-4602-882c-59dbe24360c3> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.exploratoriumstore.com/products/watching-weather | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.880376 | 191 | 2.8125 | 3 |
See also National Stereotypes for tropes that relate to the fictional portrayals of specific Real Life nations. The Jewish religious doctrine consists primarily in prescriptions for keeping the blood of Jewry pure and for regulating the relation of Jews among themselves, however even more with the rest of the world; in other words, with non-Jews. There are certainly cultural traits and behaviors which might be shared by many Jews, that make us really feel more comfortable with different Jews. The Johnson-Reed Immigration Act of 1924 included a nationwide origins quota system, which slowed migration to the United States from Southern and Eastern Europe.
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Costa Rican tradition is a vibrant blend of indigenous heritage and Spanish colonial influence, with a touch of Jamaican, Chinese language, and different immigrant cultures lending character and … Read More
Anthony Kaldellis affirms in Hellenism in Byzantium (2008) that what is called the Byzantine Empire was the Roman Empire remodeled right into a nation-state in Middle Ages. While any nationalism that posits that the national neighborhood as a purpose in itself is a European import, opposite to the teachings of Islam and destructive of the Islamic umma, forty two al-Banna is willing to tone down this rhetoric when chatting with specific audiences.
If starting today all further Aryan influence on Japan should stop, assuming that Europe and America ought to perish, Japan’s present rise in science and know-how might continue for a short while; but even in a few years the well would dry up, the Japanese special character would acquire, however the current culture would freeze and sink again into the slumber from which it was awakened seven a long time ago by the wave of Aryan tradition.
In 1999, when sociologist Barry Glassner wrote The Tradition of Concern, researchers had discovered that women, by and enormous, misunderstood the statistical risks of breast most cancers, and that overblown fears had saved them from scheduling preventive screenings.
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I have a ardour for dance and offering the perfect dance coaching doable whether dancing for enjoyable or pursuing knowledgeable career. Every of the work’s fourteen concisely offered chapters gives an in depth and centered description of one of many professional expertise that a successful dance live performance or dance organization is likely to depend on. Music, costuming, makeup and lighting are each introduced, but so are advertising, public relations, booking and even fundraising.
Initially printed in 1949, The Borzoi Ebook of Fashionable Dance captured the genesis of contemporary dance historical past. Find out how you should utilize the artwork of dance to precise emotions, share recollections and can inform authentic stories. Trisha Brown, on the age of 23, became one of the leaders of New York’s Judson Dance Theater. My favourite part of being a dance teacher is seeing the delight it brings to my students, and getting suggestions from the dad and mom as to how dance has positively affected their children. The following text seems at notation as a technique of planning for the dancer and as a method of ‘reading’ dance for the reader. An ideal dance class equals an amazing teacher and that’s what makes these classes great, the instructor, Christy.
This multi-media tour options historic and contemporary video clips of most of the dances represented in The Art of American Dance, in addition to commentary by fourth-era Isadora Duncan dancer Alice Bloch, and Stace Treat, Interpretation Manager at Crystal Bridges.
A number of the … Read More | <urn:uuid:4d5a2dc9-36a4-45fa-a900-22d13ee5671e> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.fantastudio.com/tag/their | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.957094 | 915 | 2.5625 | 3 |
What is Clickjacking?
Clickjacking is a type of cyber attack in which bad actors trick users into clicking hidden, invisible, or otherwise deceptive elements, often on a web page. Also known as a User Interface (UI) redress attack, these clicks take can then allow hackers to steal personal data like passwords or account numbers, spread malicious links, change permissions, or even allow them to take control of a user’s device. A social media-based version of this attack is known as likejacking.
How to Recognize This Threat: A common method for executing a clickjacking attack is with an added layer or frame, usually transparent, over legitimate content. These are difficult to recognize, though there are methods for users to protect themselves. Other clickjacking types are less technical, rather focusing on tricking a user into a click, whether on a computer or mobile device.
How to Prevent This Threat: Modern, updated web browsers have clickjacking safeguards in place which stop the addition of transparent frames, as well as checks to ensure a web page is behaving as expected. Pop-up blockers and warnings about malicious web pages can also help. Additionally, educating users to spot attempts at manipulation – if it’s too good to be true then it probably is – can also help. On top of these tips, strong endpoint security provides another layer of protection for the user and network, both to prevent bad clicks and safeguard against infiltration. | <urn:uuid:dda70675-6f46-4070-94ec-2933ffcac9ab> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.firewalls.com/blog/security-terms/clickjacking/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.926638 | 297 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Population assessments are a key component of marine resource management. These assessments allow us to evaluate and report the status of managed fisheries, marine mammals, and endangered/threatened species under the authorities of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, the Marine Mammal Protection Act, and the Endangered Species Act.
To conduct population assessments, our scientists:
- Collect data and information.
- Analyze results through quantitative methods.
- Hold peer review.
- Communicate results to our partners and stakeholders.
The assessment process uses current data and advanced analytical techniques in an effort to provide the best scientific information available for conservation and management decisions.
3 types of data are commonly used in fish stock assessments
Fish stock assessments often use catch, abundance, and biology data. These data feed into mathematical models that produce estimates of the fishery management factors needed for managers to make decisions about how to best regulate a fishery.
3 scientific review groups advise on marine mammal assessments
Scientific review groups advise NOAA Fisheries and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service on the status of marine mammal stocks within three areas: Alaska, the Atlantic (including the Gulf of Mexico), and the Pacific.
Fish Stock Assessments
Stock assessments measure the impact of fishing on fish and shellfish stocks. Assessments also project harvest levels to maximize the number of fish that can be caught every year while preventing overfishing, protecting the marine ecosystem, and—where necessary—rebuilding depleted stocks.
Marine Mammal Assessments
These reports provide resource managers with information needed to manage marine mammal stocks protected under Marine Mammal Protection Act. These reports contain valuable information about geographic range, population size and trends, productivity rates, and estimates of mortality to design and implement appropriate conservation measures.
Endangered Species Assessments
These assessments provide the foundation for evaluating the status of—and threats to—endangered marine mammals, fish, and sea turtles managed by NOAA Fisheries under the Endangered Species Act. Endangered species assessments include synthesis and analysis of scientific information on a species’ or stock’s population structure, life history characteristics, abundance, and threats—particularly those caused by human activities.
Stock assessments are the scientific foundation of successful and sustainable fishery harvest management. Stock assessments measure the impact of fishing on fish and shellfish stocks. They project harvest levels that maximize the number of fish that can be caught every year while preventing overfishing (removing too many fish), protecting the marine ecosystem, and where necessary, rebuilding overfished (depleted) stocks.
Each stock assessment produces a report that provides fishery managers with a scientific basis for setting sustainable harvest policies under the authority of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act. Under the Act, we partner with eight regional fishery management councils to manage nearly 500 fishery stocks. NOAA Fisheries provides scientific guidance to resource managers by addressing fundamental questions including:
- What target harvest rate (percent removal per year) best balances resource conservation and use?
- Has a stock declined into an overfished condition?
- Does a stocks recent harvest rate exceed sustainable levels (i.e., is overfishing occurring)?
Stock Assessments 101
To learn more about the basics of the fisheries stock assessment process, read our Stock Assessments 101 series:
- Data Required to Assess Fish Stocks
- Stock Assessment Models
- More About Models
- Ecosystem Factors
- Future of Stock Assessments
In addition to commercial and recreational fishery-dependent data sources, many stock assessments use fishery-independent data from surveys. We conduct sample surveys for fishes, invertebrates, and environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen) across the eight regions of the United States exclusive economic zone. We analyze abundance and biological data (e.g., species, length, stomach content) collected by these surveys in stock assessments.
Conducting Stock Assessments
Along with our regional, state, and international partners, we conduct an average of 175 stock assessments annually. This includes more than 85 assessments of stocks included in the Fish Stock Sustainability Index, which is used to measure the performance of the most commercially and recreationally important fisheries.
We collect and store fish stock assessment results and related information in the Species Information System. A new public portal allows users to view and download stock assessment summaries and results. We also produce National Fish Assessment reports on a quarterly basis with up-to-date summaries on the status of NOAA Fisheries assessment activities for federally-managed fish stocks.
Stock Assessment Prioritization
We provide the scientific information that supports the management of approximately 500 fish stocks. However, we only have data and resources to assess about 200 stocks each year. Stock assessment prioritization allows us to work with regional partners to decide which stocks are assessed each year.
Stock assessment prioritization considers stocks managed under federal fishery management plans as well as non-federal stocks that might also be assessed by our regional fisheries science centers. This process considers:
- First-time assessments for previously unassessed stocks.
- Updating existing assessments using established methods and data types.
- Upgrading assessments to use new types of data and methods.
We developed the prioritization process during several years of collaboration with partners. The result is a national framework for prioritizing stocks. Each region uses this framework to help determine assessment targets and priorities to best meet those targets.
Species Information System
The Species Information System database is the central repository for regional and national fish stock information across NOAA Fisheries and includes stock assessment results and related information used to determine stock status. The database also has a public version, the Stock Status, Management, Assessment, and Resource Trends (Stock SMART) web portal that provides easy access for anyone to view and download summaries and results from stock assessments since 2005.
Regional Stock Assessments
Interested in specific regional stock assessments?
- Alaskan/North Pacific Stocks
- Pacific Islands Stocks
- Pacific Highly Migratory Species
- Other Pacific Stocks
- Atlantic Highly Migratory Species
- Northeast Stocks
- Southeast Stocks
Or take a deeper dive and learn more about our stock assessment programs at our science centers:
- Alaska Fisheries Science Center | Status of Stocks and Multispecies Assessment Program | Marine Ecology and Stock Assessment Program
- Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center | Fisheries Research and Monitoring Division
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center | Population Ecology | Mathematical Biology and Systems Monitoring
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center | Stock Assessment Programs
- Northeast Fisheries Science Center | Population Dynamics Branch
- Southeast Fisheries Science Center | Sustainable Fisheries Division
Improving Stock Assessments
We are working to advance our stock assessment program to provide fishery managers and the public with more timely, accurate, and complete information on sustainable catch levels and fish stock status. We are updating our Stock Assessment Improvement Plan, first published in 2001, which provides a framework for moving toward a next generation stock assessment enterprise.
The vision of this next generation enterprise is to improve timeliness and efficiency of assessments while maintaining their utility to fishery management, prioritizing work relative to available resources, expanding the scope of stock assessments to be more holistic and ecosystem-linked, and using innovative modeling and data collection techniques. When finalized, the updated Stock Assessment Improvement Plan will better guide us toward our vision of resilient ecosystems, communities, and economies for future generations.View our Stock Assessment Improvement Plan
Stock Assessment Training
We also support the development of future and current stock assessment scientists. Programs focused on training the next generation of scientists in stock assessment and other relevant career fields include the QUEST Program and NOAA Fisheries-Sea Grant Fellowship Program. We also provide current stock assessment scientists with resources and opportunities for continued education and training in the evolving skills necessary for next generation stock assessments through in-person and online workshops.
We publish marine mammal stock assessment reports, which contain information about geographic range, population size and trends, productivity rates, and estimates of mortality. Marine mammals under our jurisdiction include whales, dolphins/porpoises, and seals/sea lions. The reports are prepared in consultation with one or more of three regional scientific review groups, and drafts are available for public review and comment.
Each year, we review reports for strategic stocks of marine mammals. For non-strategic stocks, we review reports every three years, or when new information becomes available. If the reviews show that the status of the stock has changed or can be assessed more accurately, we revise the report in consultation with the scientific review groups and after public review and comment.
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service also prepares stock assessment reports for marine mammals under their jurisdiction including manatees, polar bears, sea otters, and walruses. Some reports include information on multiple stocks.
NOAA Fisheries and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service prepare reports only for marine mammal stocks that occur in waters under U.S. jurisdiction, as stated in the Marine Mammal Protection Act. We do not prepare reports for marine mammal stocks worldwide.
Data collection, analysis, and interpretation are conducted through marine mammal research programs at each of our regional fisheries science centers and by other researchers. Data are collected in a variety of methods, including aerial and ship-based surveys, acoustic monitoring, photo identification studies, biopsy sampling for genetic studies, and tagging.
The Marine Mammal Protection Act provides only general descriptions of the kinds of information that must be included in stock assessment reports. For example, the reports require a "minimum population estimate," which means we have "reasonable" assurance there are at least the estimated number in the population.
Each marine mammal stock assessment report includes:
- A description of the stock's geographic range.
- A minimum population estimate
- Current population trends.
- Current and maximum net productivity rates.
- "Potential biological removal" levels.
- Status of the stock.
- Estimates of annual human-caused mortality and serious injury by source.
- Descriptions of other factors that may be causing a decline or impeding the recovery of strategic stocks.
How Many Marine Mammal Stock Assessment Reports Are Reviewed or Prepared Annually?
The first stock assessment reports prepared in 1995 included about 165 reports on marine mammal stocks in U.S. waters:
- Approximately 60 reports in the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico.
- Approximately 60 reports along the Pacific Coast of the continental United States and Hawaii.
- Roughly 35 reports in Alaska and the North Pacific.
- Roughly 10 reports for manatees, polar bears, sea otters, and walrus in U.S. waters (prepared by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service).
The number of reports may vary from year to year because stock identification is subject to change. Marine mammal stocks may be added or removed from the regional list of compiled reports due to changes in distribution.
Using Assessments for Management and Conservation
We use marine mammal stock assessment reports to:
- Identify and evaluate the status of marine mammal populations and the effects of human activities upon them.
- Evaluate the population level effects when authorizing the "take" of marine mammals incidental to human activities.
- Design and conduct appropriate conservation measures.
- Classify fisheries on the Marine Mammal Protection Act List of Fisheries.
- Evaluate the progress of each fishery in reducing its incidental mortality and serious injury to insignificant levels approaching a zero mortality and serious injury rate.
For marine mammal stock assessments, the Marine Mammal Protection Act provides only general guidance on assessment methods and on the content of the reports. To include values for the required elements in the reports, NOAA Fisheries and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service translated qualitative concepts into quantitative terms. After building a scientific foundation through simulation modeling, we proposed guidelines for selecting specific values to include in the reports. The guidelines received review and comments by the public and scientific review groups.
View the Guidelines for Assessing Marine Mammal Stocks for information on the background, decisions, and default values that go into developing the stock assessment reports.
Additionally, we work with partners to develop and evaluate analytical products and applications to improve population assessments.
To disseminate results and increase national coordination and collaboration in conducting assessments, we support and organize protected species assessment workshops biennially. Other workshops address specific technical topics and advance various protected species science initiatives with direct relevance to management actions. Similarly, various dedicated working groups encourage dissemination of best practices and latest advances in the field.
Population assessments provide the foundation for evaluating the status of and threats to marine mammals, sea turtles, and fish protected under the Endangered Species Act and to plan and implement species recovery and conservation actions.
Marine resource managers require accurate and precise information on a species or stock’s population structure, life history characteristics and vital rates, abundance, and threats (particularly those caused by human activities). This information informs agency decisions related to:
- A species’ listing status under the Endangered Species Act.
- Federal or federally-funded activities that might impact a species or its habitat.
- Acceptable bycatch levels.
- Scientific research and incidental take permits issued to agencies, scientific and academic institutions, and industry.
Information included in endangered species population assessments is vital to how we support and advise state and tribal-managed coastal areas. It also allows us to provide scientific and policy leadership to regional and international bodies such as multi-state marine fishery commissions, U.S. fishery management councils, international fishery management organizations, and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.
We provide funding support to our agency scientists as well as university, federal, and state partners to improve sea turtle population assessments through a competitive, peer-reviewed process. Funds are awarded based on relevance to management concerns and scientific research priorities.
For assessing acoustic impacts on endangered species, we also provide funding through a competitive, peer-reviewed process to support research conducted by NOAA scientists and partners.
We have established the National Protected Species Toolbox Initiative to support the development of analytical products and applications that aim to investigate impacts and consequences of human and environmental disturbance on endangered and threatened marine life and other protected species.
Table detailing all planned fishery stock assessment activities for Fiscal Year 2024
This report details the results of a series of analyses conducted by PIFSC staff to support the…
This report details the results of a series of analyses conducted by PIFSC staff to support the…
Data & Maps
2022 Alaska Fisheries Economic Status of the Gulf of Alaska, Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands King and Tanner Crab
This Fisheries Management Plan includes all species and fisheries for Alaska crab (red, blue, and…
2022 Stock Assessment and Fishery Evaluation report for groundfish fisheries of Alaska. Includes…
We provide advice on catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) good practices in 16 areas, focusing on decision…
Outreach & Education
In 2023, NOAA Fisheries’ Alaska Fisheries Science Center conducted two surveys within U.S…
Scientists from the Recruitment Processes Program at the Alaska Fisheries Science Center are…
This is a flyer that describes the summer pollock survey in the Gulf of Alaska for 2023. | <urn:uuid:f97c9d6f-5f10-4a01-9725-07c3e48910bd> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/topic/population-assessments/marine-mammals | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.890498 | 3,137 | 3.21875 | 3 |
You should have a clear idea about hapkido strategies before actually going to practice them. It’s always great to have a birds-eye view of all techniques of certain martial arts. In this article, you are going to get crucial and insightful information. All about hapkido 10 basic techniques, and hapkido principles.
What is Hapkido?
The word consists of a three-syllable, hap-ki-do which means “The way of Coordinating Energy“. The main focus of hapkido techniques is dynamic kicks, joint locks, grappling, and throws. Also, this type of martial arts is a combination of different arts.
Choi Yong-Sool, a Korean master, was the person who designed the hapkido martial arts. Here’s another thing we want you to know. There are a lot of variations in hapkido art. Such as Jin Jung Kwan, Sin Moo Hapkido, and Shinshei hapkido.
The hapkido art was developed in the 20th Century as a self-defense method. It originated in Korea and became popular all over the world. Hapkido made a name because of its effectiveness and practical moves.
Talking about the hapkido moves and style. It includes all ranges of moves, short and distance moves. Besides, you’ll see a lot of weapons such as rope, sword, short stick, and nunchaku. You’ll get to learn offensive as well as defensive techniques.
The hapkido training system did evolve over the years. But it has a foundation of three basic principles. The following section is all about explaining those principles.
The Water Principle-Yoo:
This principle allows students to adopt all water properties such as adaptability, and softness. This principle is all about learning how water makes its way and flows through any obstruction. Also, this principle teaches harmony, tolerance, and tenderness to the practitioner.
Furthermore, students get to learn that you should use the same energy as your opponent and apply it against him. Just like the way water can even pass through the smallest nozzle or hole.
The Circle Principle-Won:
This principle involves all hapkido techniques and moves. That means each technique has to take a path and then land on the attacker. Additionally, there’s less chance of the defender’s injury but strong chances of the destruction of the attacker.
The Unity and Harmony Principle-Hwa:
The unity and harmony principle is one of the important principles of Hapkido training. The first thing in the Hwa principle is connecting the mind with the body. A way that each technique becomes the instinct of the practitioner.
The second step of this principle is harmonizing the energy of the attacker and adapting to the same level as the attacker. The learner has to make a defending move as a first response so that defending moves look natural.
RELATED: You can buy Hapkido Uniform that is comfortable and you can train easily.
Hapkido 10 Basic Techniques:
The whole idea of hapkido lessons is self-defense techniques. As we mentioned earlier, hapkido art is a blend of different martial arts techniques. That’s why it has borrowed various moves from different defensive techniques. Hapkido techniques are not just normal moves. But the learner has to use the whole body and mind as well. The use of pressure points is also a crucial part of hapkido training lists.
Phases of Techniques:
Each student will be learning the following three phases of every technique.
In attacking or blending, the defender has to match the energy and take the position for attack. Transition is the phase of applying a certain technique and connecting the mind with the body. The conclusion is the last phase of hapkido techniques. It includes locking, pinning, or throwing techniques are involved.
1: Hand Strikes
Hand strike is the most common technique of hapkido. This technique is the first step before going to advance hapkido moves. The defender has to use maximum force to land a strong and blunt hand strike with accuracy. It is one of the best techniques for counter-attacking purposes.
Different kicks are another basic hapkido techniques that include plenty of kicking styles. Here are some examples. Roundhouse kick, front kick, backside kick, ankle scoop sidekick, and crescent kicks. The most popular kick in hapkido training is the low spinning heel kick.
Pinning is an effective technique that can end the fight against an attacker. As the name implies, this technique can pin or clasp the attacker and allow you to get rid of him. Some popular pinning techniques are mentioned here. Wrist pin, wrist twist, arms pin, and wrist in turn.
This technique is all about making the opponent imbalanced and using his energy and force. Throwing can also end the fight in no minutes if done properly. Some throwing techniques are followed. Such as forward and around throw, rotatory throw, wrist out turn, and entering throw as well.
5: Joint Manipulation Techniques
How can we not mention joint manipulation in our list of hapkido 10 basic techniques? This category of techniques is great for opponents’ submission without fighting much. There is a complete set of such techniques that includes wrist locks, elbow locks, and a lot of small and large joint locks.
6: Use of Weapons
There will be weapons usage in hapkido training. Also, this technique will allow a practitioner to fight against an armed person. Weapons like a sword, rope, short stick, knife, and nunchaku are used in this style of martial art. Students get to learn hapkido rope techniques in advanced training.
For dangerous situations, a defender can use the deadliest rope moves such as strangle, choke, and immobilization.
7: Pressure Point Techniques
The human body has some weak points that can be used to unconscious or immobilize someone. All kinds of martial arts follow this technique to submissive the opponent with little movement. Students learn about pressure points in separate detailed classes.
8: Wrist Locks
You can certainly find many wrist locking techniques in Hapkido. While the most famous techniques are wrist locks, pronating, supinating, and using wrist pressure points for locking. All the above-mentioned hapkido wrist techniques won’t let the opponent harm you in any way.
9: Elbow Locks
Elbow lock is a very effective kind of technique especially knife-hand elbow press. These are the first techniques taught in most hapkido schools.
10: Hammer Fist
Hammer fist strike is one of the effective self-defense hapkido techniques. Not only in hapkido but also in various kinds of martial arts. In this technique, the bottom of the fist is used with full force. After that lands the strike in a swinging motion like a hammer. You don’t have to be in a certain direction to throw it well.
Hapkido is a scientific martial art with a complete and wide set of defensive and offensive techniques. Learning hapkido techniques will help you train your mind and body for any kind of dangerous situation.
Learning the hapkido self-defense system will allow you to express and feel yourself better than ever. Furthermore, the decision of hapkido learning will be the decision you make for yourself, so go for it right now.
We hope our article on hapkido 10 basic techniques helped you gain useful knowledge. | <urn:uuid:80e35a1f-b6e2-4bb5-8d76-9723356659ec> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.fitsyology.com/hapkido-10-basic-techniques/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.940399 | 1,602 | 2.984375 | 3 |
By Peter S. Kimmel, AIA, IFMA Fellow
In March 2008, Napa Valley wine producer Far Niente went live with its FloatovoltaicTM solar array, the first-ever system and technology of its kind in the solar industry. Many vineyards in Northern California have been going solar. As vineyard buildings are not large enough to house all the solar cells necessary, many vineyards have had to usurp valuable land for the solar arrays, thereby losing some of their crops.
|Aerial view of Far Niente.|
But Far Niente, which romantically translated means “without a care,” didn’t want to sacrifice so much of its land (and its grapes). So management, which was totally committed to using solar energy to provide all of its electricity needs, looked into the idea of securing solar panels on “floating” pontoons on the vineyard’s irrigation pond.
The final solution involved securing nearly 1,000 solar panels on pontoons on the pond, supplemented by a land-based array of about 1,300 panels adjacent to the pond. Together, the array can generate 400 kWs at peak output, enough to offset the winery’s annual power usage and provide a net-zero energy bill.
-Federal Tax Incentive of 30% of the purchase price
-Annual energy costs offset by sending surplus energy back to the power grid
-System insulated from energy price hikes
About one acre of vineyard was removed to accommodate the land-mounted portion of the system, but the floating array’s positioning on the pond saved another three-quarters of an acre of valuable Cabernet vines that would have been ripped out for a total land-mounted system. This is equivalent to about $150,000 worth of bottled Cabernet sales annually. Far Niente has just over 100 acres of vineyard.
Larry Maguire, Far Niente President and CEO, made it clear that the move to solar was not made for business or financial sense, but because it was the right thing to do from a social perspective. There is still a huge financial commitment involved, even after factoring in all the rebates, tax credits and other incentives. With conservative estimates of future electricity costs, Far Niente projects that it will take about 12 years for the construction costs of approximately $4.2 million to be offset.
|Land-based solar array in the foreground; floating array over irrigation pond in the back.|
The Green Story
The system prevents 927 tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) from being released into the atmosphere each year by fossil-fuel power plants. According to the U.S. Dept. of Energy, it takes 211 acres of trees one year to absorb that much CO2.
The project started in December 2005 when Far Niente brought in an energy consultant, Gopal Shanker of Recolte Energy of Calistoga. Late the next summer, California-based SPG Solar was selected as the system integrator and developed and installed the wineries’ solar system. Once Maguire’s partner, Dirk Hampson, suggested finding a solution to take advantage of the pond, SPG’s sister company, Thompson Technology Industries (TTI), stepped forward and said that it had developed, on paper, the technology to float an installation on water. And the Floatovoltaic system was born.
To represent the vineyard in the discussions with SPG and TTI, Maguire tapped Greg Allen, President of its Dolce brand, devoted to producing a single, late harvest wine, often used as a dessert wine. Allen’s story will ring a bell with many facilities managers, who for many years have learned what happens when top management discovers that somewhere along the way, the FM may have some expertise in something other than the job for which they were hired. See the sidebar for more on how Allen went from winemaker to solar project manager without missing a beat.
Challenges resulting from floating the solar array
Far Niente wanted to use as much of the surface of its irrigation pond as possible for the solar array. Taking into account the need to leave some space around the edges and that the banks of the pond were not straight everywhere, Far Niente was able to devote 80% of the pond to the array. The pond is approximately 240-feet square, and 11′ — 15′ deep.
Along the way, there were some special issues that needed to be addressed:
- Because positioning relative to the sun is so critical, there was concern that the panels would naturally float to different positions. This was addressed through use of articulating pontoons, so the panels would stay in the same relative position to one another.
- It was critical to ensure that the demand for water in the vineyard would be less than the supply, as a low pond would be a cause of concern.
- Special attention was devoted to accommodate any wind load, so that the pontoon units would not separate from one another.
- Since the system is effective only when the array is floating properly, there was concern that over the anticipated 25-year lifetime of the system, a pontoon may take on water or there may be some other reason for part of the array’s height to descend a bit. To this end, its height is monitored on a regular basis.
- Regular maintenance also had to be scheduled, to take care of dust and bird droppings (both prevalent around a vineyard and a pond). Allen estimates that twice a year is sufficient.
- Solar panels lose about 1% of their efficiency each year in converting from solar to electrical energy. So Far Niente made the installation a bit larger than it needed to be, so that it would generate the electricity needed toward the end of the projected life of the panels.
|Floatovoltaic solar array on pontoons over irrigation pond.|
One advantage from having the array mounted over the water (besides, of course, the saving of valuable vineyard) was that the panels shade the pond, keeping the water cooler in the hot, Napa Valley. Cool and shaded water presumably result in lower evaporative losses and therefore are very desirable for vineyards. Also, by being cooler than solar panels over the earth would be, Allen hypothesized that the solar panels over the water may generate more electricity per panel than the land-based panels. Allen said he should have enough information by the end of 2008 to know if this theory is valid.
Dealing with the unexpected
GREG ALLEN, PROJECT MANAGER AND PRESIDENT OF DOLCE
Greg Allen originally set out to earn a PhD in Mechanical Engineering. After collecting his B.S. in Mechanical Engineering, he worked as an engineer for the Department of Defense, living in the town of Napa, California. While there, he experienced his first visit to a winery, and started to get hooked. Nonetheless, he then went to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to pursue his graduate degree. While there, a friend told Allen about an enology program at U.C. Davis. Eventually, Allen left MIT and went into the enology program, and the rest is history. And, oh yes, because Allen was a bright engineer, he got selected to represent Far Niente in managing the solar project.
Most of the surprises for the solar project had to do with working with the local utility company, Pacific, Gas & Electric (PG&E). Because the traditional utility is set up with the purpose of providing energy in a regulated environment, the concepts of energy credits (and what it takes to measure, monitor and process them) and distributed generation (where the utility’s customers produce and supply electrical energy to the grid) are new ones that don’t easily fit into the mold of a regulated utility. So both sides needed to go back and forth many times, sometimes causing delays, and sometimes causing new equipment to be purchased. Even something as seemingly simple as access by the utility company to its service transformer on the property was an important factor that significantly affected project complexity and led to cost overruns. Having a consultant who has been through the process with the local utility company was essential, as was a progressive utility that strongly wants to be supportive of solar power, but it wasn’t always enough.
It also is important to be sure that all meters and transformers are approved by the utility company in advance. Sometimes, in order to comply with its requirements, it may not be possible to do what makes most economic sense, even for something as seemingly simple as connecting to the utility meter.
PG&E was concerned that on low-demand days, the connection to the grid would result in too much energy being generated. Far Niente thus had to upgrade its service transformer, which not only cost time and money, but it had to go through state and local permitting processes again.
Prior to commencing the project, Allen estimated the following breakdown of its electrical consumption:
- “Typical” electrical (mostly lighting)-37%
- HVAC (mostly air conditioning)-13%
- Refrigeration plant (for wine)-29%
- Other production-19%
The system’s electricity production is monitored in real-time by SunSpot©, a proprietary monitoring software and hardware system made by TTI. The chart below shows that for each month that the system has been in operation, starting with the partial month of April, the solar system has generated far more energy (first bar on graph for each month) than Far Niente required (second bar), leaving a net surplus (third bar). Since monitoring started in April, through June 30 Far Niente has generated 80,345 kWh more than it has consumed (135,002 kWh).
Far Niente accumulates its credit over the course of the year, so the credits earned over the summer will be needed to compensate the expected lower amounts of energy generated during the shorter winter days. With PG&E, the account is settled once each year (as opposed to the more traditional monthly utility bill). Spring is an ideal time to begin harvesting the sun’s abundant energy. The relatively large credit currently showing for Far Niente may seem excessive, but to date, the system’s performance is on track for providing a net-zero energy bill at the end of its first year of operation, which will be after the lean solar winter months.
|Far Niente has generated a significant energy surplus (last bar shown for each month) during the initial three months of
operation. The SunSpot© monitoring system was developed by TTI and installed by SPG Solar. Reproduced with permission.
It should be noted that the solar solution is not the only sustainability solution employed by Far Niente. Maguire said, “We will always be committed first and foremost to producing great wines . Yet, we recognize that our environment is facing significant challenges, and we [must] do our part and take sustainable measures where possible.” To this end, Far Niente employs sustainable and organic farming, powering farming vehicles with biodiesel fuels, recycling, the use of hybrid company vehicles, and other environmentally responsible measures.
Far Niente was founded in Oakville, California in 1885 and prospered until the onset of Prohibition in 1919, when the winery was abandoned. Gil and Beth Nickel revived the winery in 1979, restoring the estate to its original grandeur—today, its gardens are among the most beautiful in the entire Napa Valley. Far Niente introduced sister wineries, Dolce and Nickel & Nickel in 1989 and 1997, respectively. | <urn:uuid:eb9fbf26-43f7-41e9-b38d-452cd339d9cd> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.fmlink.com/articles/vineyard-goes-100-solar-and-becomes-first-to-use-a-floating-solar-array-in-its-pond/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.962351 | 2,425 | 2.65625 | 3 |
As of May 17, 2021, a total of 33 people infected with the outbreak strain of Salmonella Hadar were reported from 14 states. Illnesses started on dates ranging from December 28, 2020, to April 22, 2021.
Sick people ranged in age from less than 1 to 92 years, with a median age of 49 years. Sixty-six percent of people were female. Of 22 people with information available, four were hospitalized. No deaths were reported.
State and local public health officials interviewed people about the foods they ate in the week before they got sick. Of the 13 people interviewed, eight (62%) reported eating ground turkey. This percentage was significantly higher than results from a 2018-2019 survey of healthy people in which 13% of respondents reported eating ground turkey in the week before they were interviewed. This suggested that people in this outbreak got sick from eating ground turkey.
Public health investigators used the PulseNet system to identify illnesses that were part of this outbreak. CDC PulseNet manages a national database of DNA fingerprints of bacteria that cause foodborne illnesses. DNA fingerprinting is performed on bacteria using a method called whole genome sequencing (WGS). WGS showed that bacteria from sick people’s samples were closely related genetically. This means that people in this outbreak likely got sick from the same food.
USDA-FSIS collected an unopened package of ground turkey from a sick person’s freezer for testing. Testing results showed that the ground turkey contained the outbreak strain of Salmonella. The traceback investigation found that the ground turkey purchased by the sick person was produced by Plainville Brands, LLC.
Not all illnesses were linked to ground turkey produced by Plainville Brands, LLC. Sick people reported buying many different brands of ground turkey from multiple stores, and USDA-FSIS’s traceback investigation identified several turkey processing facilities. The outbreak strain was also identified in routine turkey samples, from multiple companies, collected by USDA-FSIS and state officials from 13 establishments.
WGS predicted that Salmonella bacteria from 33 people’s samples and 19 turkey samples were resistant to one or both of the antibiotics streptomycin and tetracycline. Most people with Salmonella illness recover without antibiotics. However, if an antibiotic is needed for an infection related to this outbreak, this resistance likely will not affect the choice of antibiotic used to treat most people.
On April 10, USDA-FSIS issued a public health alertexternal icon for approximately 211,406 pounds of raw ground turkey products produced by Plainville Brands, LLC. These products had the establishment number “P-244” inside the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) mark of inspection. They were made from December 18-29, 2020 and were sold nationwide. CDC and FSIS also shared information about this outbreak with members of the National Turkey Federation.
- About Salmonella – a complete resource for victims of Salmonella outbreaks
- Marler Clark Salmonella Lawsuits and Litigation
- Downloadable Salmonella Fact Sheet
Salmonella: Marler Clark, The Food Safety Law Firm, is the nation’s leading law firm representing victims of Salmonella outbreaks. The Salmonella lawyers of Marler Clark have represented thousands of victims of Salmonella and other foodborne illness outbreaks and have recovered over $800 million for clients. Marler Clark is the only law firm in the nation with a practice focused exclusively on foodborne illness litigation. Our Salmonella lawyers have litigated Salmonella cases stemming from outbreaks traced to a variety of foods, such as cantaloupe, tomatoes, ground turkey, salami, sprouts, cereal, peanut butter, and food served in restaurants. The law firm has brought Salmonella lawsuits against such companies as Cargill, ConAgra, Peanut Corporation of America, Sheetz, Taco Bell, Subway and Wal-Mart.
If you or a family member became ill with a Salmonella infection, including Reactive Arthritis or Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), after consuming food and you’re interested in pursuing a legal claim, contact the Marler Clark Salmonella attorneys for a free case evaluation. | <urn:uuid:98c86511-b2f1-4438-b73b-d31b3c32f40d> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.foodpoisonjournal.com/foodborne-illness-outbreaks/33-with-salmonella-hadar-linked-to-ground-turkey/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.968973 | 868 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Fullersburg's Settlers and Financial Concerns
Updated: Dec 13, 2021
Early settlers of Fullersburg faced challenges in providing their families with basic needs such as food and shelter. After the initial investment of purchasing a homesite, a pioneer needed to construct a home, prepare his land for planting crops, and acquire various farm animals.
Letters written in 1836 from Jean Torode (originally from the island of Guernsey) to his father detail his concerns about his financial situation. On 1/18/1836, he writes that he "worked verry hard since we come here, I have but 62 Dollars left in money and 300 lb pork 100 lb of salt 3 bushel of corn in the year 1/2 bushel corn meal plants and a few little articles we could not do without peraps you will think I have spent my money fast I think so my self but I have been as saving as I could... ." (All quotes are as written and courtesy of DuPage County Historical Museum.)
Jean used cash along with a bartering system to conduct his business On 1/30/1836, he writes,"... I sold your wagon yesterday to Mr. Forbes for fifty Dollars, forty paid down in Cash and ten Dollars to paid in lumber on demand at his mill in the same time I drawed on the Due bill twenty five pounds of flour at 5 cents per lb which makes us feel comfortable after eating corn bread so long... ."
There was also a code of honor between the early settlers. Jean's family had a debt that was secured by their word; on 1/30/1836, Jean also writes, "when I went to Chicago I red a part of your letter to him so he knows I can raze the money... ." Faith and trust in one's fellow man established stability in the Fullersburg area during a time of rapid growth.
The settlers also assisted each other and shared supplies. On June 15, 1836, Jean writes, "Neighbor Tamage bought the seed from the office. he allways brings us any thing that is there when he goes." He also writes, "... 1 mile above Mr. Tamage grove Mr. Fuller has planted 14 acer of Corn... ." Jean knew Ben Fuller and his other neighbors, and this bond of kinship allowed Fullersburg to grow and thrive during the settlement era.
Sue Devick, M.A. | <urn:uuid:27c71478-ea03-403c-b611-25cbde296c04> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.fullersburg.org/post/fullersburg-s-settlers-and-financial-concerns | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.978797 | 497 | 2.515625 | 3 |
We now know a bit more about sound and how it travels from the radio studio to you, but how does light work?
Listen to to this clip…
You should now have a better idea about what light waves are and how they work.
So light comes as waves?
Yes it does. They are similar to sound in that way as sound exists as sound waves.
So light and sound work in the same way then?
Not quite, there are a few differences.
Sound waves can’t travel through empty space whereas light waves can.
This means that light can travel through space which is why we can see stars and why the light from the sun can get to earth.
Light waves also travel much faster than sound waves, this is why you see lightning before you hear the bang.Embed from Getty Images
- Light waves travel at three hundred million kilometres a second
- Sound waves only travel at 0.3 kilometres a second
Light is actually the fastest thing in the universe!
What’s light years?
Even though the word years is in it it’s actually a measure of distance.
It’s the distance light will travel in a year. So a light year is a very big distance!
One light year is actually about 6 million million miles!
Scientists will often use it to describe how far away distant planets and solar systems are. Some are so far away it would be difficult to measure the distance in miles or kilometres as the number would be so big!Embed from Getty Images
How does light make us see things?Embed from Getty Images
Light waves go from a light source – like the sun or a light bulb – to everything around like a book you’re reading for example.
The light then bounces off the book and into your eyes which let you see it.
How do mirrors work?Embed from Getty Images
If something is super shiny like a mirror then a lot of light bounces off it which makes it reflect the image it sees.
If you’re standing in front of a mirror, and seeing yourself, then the light is bouncing off you, onto the mirror and then into your eyes which is why you can see yourself.
How do colours work?
You get different colours because of the length of the light waves. For example one length makes red light and another makes blue light.
White light is a mix of all the colours together.
When white light hits certain objects, such as clear glass prisms or even raindrops, sometimes you can see many of them at once, just like a rainbow!
There are seven colours of the spectrum, and they are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet.
There are three primary colours in light, red, green and blue. When light in these colours are added together they make the secondary colours. For example, when you mix red and green light together, you make yellow. But when you add all three primary colours together, you make ‘white light’.
How do we see colours?
If you’re looking at a red jumper then the light from the light source is hitting the jumper and the jumper is absorbing all the colours except for red. The red is being reflected into your eyes.Embed from Getty Images
And here’s something else you might not know! The light falling on objects can change the colour of things too. If you put some blue cellophane over a torch at night, everything in your room will look blue. And if you look at a green car in the street under an orange streetlight, it can appear to be very different to how it looks in daylight.
That’s because the light hitting the car is missing some of the colours and so even if the car could reflect them, in certain situations, it can’t. The colour has changed. Switch off the lights altogether and everything goes dark! | <urn:uuid:8fd6699f-b777-4c0a-8623-73e24712b0ad> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.funkidslive.com/learn/homeschool/physics/mission-4-light-waves/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.935916 | 815 | 3.65625 | 4 |
Build a miniature solar system with this set of eight 3D puzzles
No glue required! This puzzle uses unique plastic pieces which slot together to build a sturdy and strong model. Either assemble each planet by eye or by using the numbers on the reverse side. The eight 3D puzzles are scaled to represent the different sizes of the planets, so Saturn and Jupiter are represented as 108pc puzzles, Uranus and Neptune as 72pc, Earth and Venus as 54pc and Mars and Mercury as 27pc puzzles, totalling 522 pieces. Each “planet” comes with its own stand and the whole set can either sit on the fact filled “Solar System poster, or be suspended by thread. The set also includes a kit which assembles into a “sun” mobile and a fact-filled information leaflet for all budding astronomers out there! | <urn:uuid:aea3ef90-b32d-49c7-a62a-af10cf93e931> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.funlearning.co.uk/toys/ravensburger-planetary-solar-system-3d-puzzle/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.932969 | 173 | 2.5625 | 3 |
In this video, viewers will watch the Proskomide (Prothesis) service, when a priest prepares the bread (prosphoro) and wine for a Divine Liturgy. Each action will be seen, its significance and history briefly discussed, and the prayers the clergy recite with each action will be shown. The video can be used as a supplement to study of the Divine Liturgy, worship in the Church, or on the roles of the clergy in the Church. Ideal for religious education classes for fifth grade and up.
With thanks to Leadership 100 for its support of the living Our Orthodox Faith, "the New Series," this video is a production of Greek Orthodox Telecommunications on behalf of the Department of Religious Education of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America. | <urn:uuid:cd020b51-31d7-4dc9-8ed5-0a744163f3eb> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.goarch.org/-/we-offer-these-gifts-the-proskomide-service?redirect=%2F-%2Fan-introduction-to-orthodoxy%3Fredirect%3D%252F-%252Fhymnology-of-great-lent%253FinheritRedirect%253Dtrue%2526redirect%253D%25252F-%25252Fpreparing-for-the-nativity%26_com_liferay_asset_publisher_web_portlet_RelatedAssetsPortlet_INSTANCE_9IaX5ZIij6lh_viewSingleAsset%3Dtrue&_com_liferay_asset_publisher_web_portlet_AssetPublisherPortlet_INSTANCE_RbWLfHCoqXZ0_viewSingleAsset=true | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.939409 | 155 | 2.578125 | 3 |
The team have been explaining the importance of recycling to the children. They extended the little ones understanding by encouraging them to explore recyclable materials such as cardboard tubes and bottle caps. The children then decided to use the materials within their junk modelling activity. They used their imagination and inspiration from their love of transport to create their our own vehicles. They love watching the different cars, lorries and buses from the nursery window and ran along recreating the noises with their own creations.
Click here to find out more about our Kiddi Caru Basingstoke day nursery and preschool.
Swipe to see our latest articles. | <urn:uuid:e3eabaf0-77db-45c8-95f8-6c784b144a1c> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.grandiruk.com/news/kiddi-caru-basingstoke-junk-modelling/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.960342 | 127 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Cowbell marks World Milk Day
Cowbell Ghana in partnership with the 37 Military Hospital has marked this year’s World Milk day celebration with a nutrition assessment outreach program for over 2,000 school children in Domeabra Methodist Cluster of Schools.
The program, which is the second of its kind, sought to assess the dietary status of school children and also advocate for daily consumption of milk among Ghanaians with emphasis on school children.
The event had paediatricians, dieticians and general medical experts who took the children through a thorough screening process to understand the nutritional wellbeing of the children and further assess other child-related health issues.
Dieticians from the hospital together with the Cowbell team took the opportunity to have a talk with the school children to educate them on the importance of eating a balanced diet and also the need to have milk in their diets.
They also gave rewards to some students for participating in a milk-themed quiz contest.
The event was followed by a donation of assorted Cowbell products to the Paediatric Unit of the 37 Military Hospital.
World Milk Day is an international day established by the Food & Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations to recognise the importance of milk as a global food.
It has been observed on June 1st each year since 2001. The day is intended to provide an opportunity to bring attention to activities that are connected with the dairy industry. | <urn:uuid:d1713c07-2623-48cd-8e05-8a1e3d3b6d09> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.graphic.com.gh/business/business-news/cowbell-marks-world-milk-day.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.976052 | 287 | 2.640625 | 3 |
French composer Jacques Offenbach (1819–1880) was arguably the most important writer of popular music in the 19th century. His many operettas are outstanding examples of the genre, while his opera Les Contes d’Hoffmann remains a staple of the international repertory. Offenbach was born in Cologne. He was first taught the violin but from the age of nine focussed on the cello. After a year’s study at the Paris Conservatoire he went on to play in orchestras, primarily at the Opéra-Comique. His fame as a cellist grew through the 1840s, during which time he also organized performances of his own compositions. The success of Offenbach’s operettas established the genre internationally, leading the way for composers such as Sullivan and Lehár and in part feeding into the development of the 20th-century musical. | <urn:uuid:38dd7a84-6316-473a-b51e-c7e803b8a5a2> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.hafabramusic.com/biography/229/de | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.977025 | 192 | 3.5 | 4 |
Digital Exhibition 1 : Posters & Handbills
A continuing series of stories from our collection
HFC:2021:177 Courtesy of Kingsley Wright
Posters, handbills and even a well-placed advert are a simple and visual way to generate excitement surrounding forthcoming performances. In this digital exhibition we’ll focus on some of the very varied highlights which sit within our own heritage collection.
Throughout the history of City Hall and more recently, Hall for Cornwall, posters have been used to great effect in a variety of different ways.
Handbills vs Posters
What is the difference? A poster is designed to be admired, pasted to a wall and takes a certain amount of care and consideration in its aesthetic layout. It tends to be printed on a thicker paper stock than a handbill.
A handbill is an earlier document, designed to inform the viewer, held in hand and would have been largely text only. Handbills were often long and narrow whereas a poster was broader. The exact distinction and definition continues to this day!
Given by Dr G.B. Gardner. © Victoria & Albert Museum.
This handbill is an example of a single handbill decorated with a simple graphic border and multiple typefaces used to highlight the most important parts of the information being shared. It its part of the collection of the Victoria & Albert Museum.
Find Out More: Victoria & Albert Museum’s Theatre Collection is an excellent resource full of costumes, sets and theatre history from theatres across the UK and beyond.
During the early-mid 20th Century, handbills and posters were pasted up backstage at City Hall. These items were casually layered on top of each other and often acted as a tool to inform performers about forthcoming acts and performances. As more posters were added, they partially obscured the documents beneath, creating a collage effect.
The photographs of these handbills and posters act as a useful guide to the sheer variety of different acts on stage as well as the number of different names which City Hall has held over the years.
Type & Printing Presses
HFC:2020:124 Courtesy of the Collection of Bert Biscoe
Theatre posters are highly collectable and can tell us a lot about design and societal trends of the time. Posters from the mid-20th Century would have been printed using wooden type and large printing presses. For City Hall, printers in Truro were often used, although companies in Plymouth and as far away as Bristol were used for more elaborate designs.
HFC:2020:123 Courtesy of the Collection of Bert Biscoe
The colours used in the illustrations reflect a typical 1950s colour palette and reference relatively early days of printing in colour for posters. The fact that the posters are in colour indicate the popularity and perceived draw a pantomime would have to the residents of Truro and beyond. The vivid colour indicates to the viewer that the performance will also be bright, bold and lavish and that tickets should be sought quickly! To this day, pantomimes and Christmas-performances draw some of the largest audiences in the year.
The size of type was also used as an indicator of which piece of information was most important, a technique used in visual communications just as regularly today. In the example below, the theatre title is rendered with less impact than the performing company. The musical itself, Bless The Bride stands out more than anything else.
Detail from a 1951 handbill for a Truro Amateur Operatic Society musical
During the mid-late 20th Century, City Hall hosted regular music festivals, music competitions, and informal gatherings for local bands to perform. Largely, these events were informal and attracted a youthful crowd keen to see and experience new talent.
Flyers were collaged together, printed cheaply (perhaps even using a photocopier to keep costs down) and often featured hand-drawn illustrations. They were designed to be handed out prior to the event and distributed quickly without any thought to the permanence of the object.
Find Out More Visit Kernowbeat a dedicated account detailing gigs from a broad range of venues across Cornwall from the 1960s 1970s.
During the 1990s and early 2000s at Hall for Cornwall, performers would be invited to sign a show poster following their performance at the venue. This trend echoed an era in which autographs were highly sought after from celebrities more broadly and pre-dated the era of the ‘Selfie’, which has somewhat usurped autograph hunting. A number of performers wrote a longer message in a Visitor’s Book held backstage.
Hear more about what went on backstage with performers by listening to our Podcast with BBC Journalist (and former Front Of House Manager) Debbie McCrory.
Hall For Cornwall has been lucky enough to receive multiple touring productions of well-known musicals, ballets, operas and theatre productions over the years. Often these productions visit many venues and will have been produced by multiple companies.
As part of the tour, production teams will often distribute a poster design to each venue and will leave space for that venue’s logo to be digitally added to the design. | <urn:uuid:c90db2d2-2030-401b-a7d3-406f7436128f> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.hallforcornwall.co.uk/digital-exhibition-posters-handbills/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.96165 | 1,060 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Building the fundamentals of reading, writing, and math skills while exploring God’s wonderful creation!
During this time, the foundation for learning is established. It is important that children experience success in school to build their confidence. Learning is achieved in a variety of ways, and reading becomes a part of everyday life. A balance of work and play enables children to grow in important concepts while embracing their God-given creativity.
Bible / Character – Students learn about Biblical character values through the Character Classics Curriculum. Character values such as self-control and attentiveness are taught through song, Bible stories, interactive time and weekly Bible verses.
Phonics / Reading – Using the Bob Jones phonics curriculum for phonics and reading helps, students focus on blends and special sounds while learning to read fluently and comprehend the text.
Writing – In writing, students hone in on fundamental writing skills and a variety of writing styles. Students learn creative writing, narrative writing, procedural writing, report writing, poetry and letter writing.
Handwriting – Handwriting is taught from the Handwriting without Tears curriculum which focuses on neatness and proper letter formation.
Math – Foundational math concepts, such as telling time, counting coins, story problems and place value, are expounded on by the first grade A Beka math curriculum.
Spelling – Bob Jones spelling introduces word lists that correlate to the phonics sounds taught in the phonics lessons and reading books. Spelling is taught in a hands-on, game-type format.
Grammar – Shurley Grammar introduces basic parts of speech such as nouns, verbs, adverbs and adjectives through catchy jingles. Students learn to classify sentences, find synonyms and antonyms and recognize main ideas, non-supporting ideas, fragments and more.
Science – We learn Life Science with a focus on animal classifications. A variety of animals even visit the classroom during this study! A variety of animals even visit the classroom during this study and the butterfly life cycle is also brought to life!
Social Studies – Students learn the chronological events of America’s history, from the origins of man, to the colonists, pioneers, and early inventors. Students make their own biscuits, johnny cakes, and colonial stew when the classroom is transformed into a one-room schoolhouse! | <urn:uuid:e09abb01-3192-4e30-adf5-1c7ae18e562b> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.hcsjax.org/academics/lower-school/first-grade/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.935775 | 480 | 3.734375 | 4 |
Treating The Underlying Causes
A number of conditions can contribute to heart failure. Treatment of these other factors may range from surgery or angioplasty to open clogged blood vessels in patients with coronary artery disease to medications prescribed to control high blood pressure, diabetes, anemia or thyroid disease. In addition, it’s particularly important to treat abnormal heart rhythms called arrhythmias in patients with heart failure.
Congestive Heart Failure: Prevention Treatment And Research
Congestive heart failure is a serious condition in which the heart doesnt pump blood as efficiently as it should. Despite its name, heart failure doesnt mean that the heart has literally failed or is about to stop working. Rather, it means that the heart muscle has become less able to contract over time or has a mechanical problem that limits its ability to fill with blood. As a result, it cant keep up with the bodys demand, and blood returns to the heart faster than it can be pumped outit becomes congested, or backed up. This pumping problem means that not enough oxygen-rich blood can get to the bodys other organs.
The body tries to compensate in different ways. The heart beats faster to take less time for refilling after it contractsbut over the long run, less blood circulates, and the extra effort can cause heart palpitations. The heart also enlarges a bit to make room for the blood. The lungs fill with fluid, causing shortness of breath. The kidneys, when they dont receive enough blood, begin to retain water and sodium, which can lead to kidney failure. With or without treatment, heart failure is often and typically progressive, meaning it gradually gets worse.
More than 5 million people in the United States have congestive heart failure. Its the most common diagnosis in hospitalized patients over age 65. One in nine deaths has heart failure as a contributing cause.
Women Have Heart Attacks Too
Women and men usually experience the same heart attack symptoms. But research shows women tend to not recognise the symptoms as a sign of a heart attack as quickly.
If you’re experiencing symptoms of a heart attack, you should call 999 immediately.In the UK, an average of three women die of coronary heart disease every hour, many of them due to a heart attack.You dramatically reduce your chance of survival if you don’t call 999 straight away.
Most heart attacks are caused by coronary heart disease .
CHD causes your coronary arteries to become narrowed by a gradual build-up of fatty deposits called atheroma.
If a piece of atheroma breaks off, a blood clot forms around this to try and repair the damage to the artery wall.
This clot can block your coronary artery either a partial blockage or total blockage . This causes your heart muscle to be starved of blood and oxygen.
Other less common causes of a heart attack include:
Don’t Miss: How Much Aspirin Do You Take For A Heart Attack
Top Natural Treatments For Heart Disease
Heart disease is a fearful diagnosis. Everyone knows you need your heart to be working to live. And you need it working well to live well. Ideally, home remedies are used to prevent heart disease, but even if you already have a problem with your heart, natural remedies can often improve your heart health significantly.
Natural remedies that are reported by Earth Clinic readers to help heart disease include apple cider vinegar, a variety of herbs, supplements and dietary changes.
What Happens During A Heart Attack
When a heart attack happens, blood flow to a part of your heart stops or is far below normal, which causes that part of your heart muscle to die. When a part of your heart cant pump because its dying from lack of blood flow, it can disrupt the pumping sequence for the entire heart. That reduces or even stops blood flow to the rest of your body, which can be deadly if it isnt corrected quickly.
Also Check: Stage 5 Congestive Heart Failure
Linus Paulings Heart Disease Therapy
Linus Pauling, winner of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1954, established a protocol to prevent heart disease. He believed, as many others do, that heart disease is caused by inadequate vitamin C in the body.
- 2-4 grams Lysine
- 2-4 grams Vitamin C
For those who already have heart disease, the amounts are increased by 50%.
- 6 grams Vitamin C
Because your body uses vitamin C and Lysine quickly, it is best to take these supplements several times a day. If you take them four times a day you will end up taking
- .5 1 gram each of Lysine and Vitamin C for heart disease prevention or
- 1.5 grams each of Lysine and Vitamin C for those with heart disease .
Taking these supplements several times daily will also reduce the risk of side effects.
Other Causes Of A Heart Attack
Not all heart attacks are caused by blockages from atherosclerosis. When other heart and blood vessel conditions cause a heart attack, it is called myocardial infarction in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease . MINOCA is more common in women, younger people, and racial and ethnic minorities, including Black, Hispanic/Latino, and Asian people.
Conditions that can cause MINOCA have different effects on the heart.
Other conditions may cause symptoms similar to a heart attack. Your doctor will look at all of your test results to rule them out.
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Have Someone Call An Ambulance
If others are around, tell them to stay with you until emergency medical services workers arrive. Calling 911 is usually the fastest way to get emergency care, as opposed to asking someone to drive you to a hospital in their car. EMS workers are trained to revive people experiencing heart attacks and can also transport you to the hospital for rapid care.
If youre in a public space such as a store, school, library, or workplace, theres a good chance theres a defibrillator on hand.
A defibrillator is the kind of device EMS workers use to revive people who are experiencing heart attacks. If youre still conscious at the onset of your heart attack, instruct someone nearby to find the closest defibrillator. Defibrillators come with easy-to-use instructions, so its possible for a non-EMS worker to revive you if the heart attack strikes.
Common Heart Attack Types And Treatments
The type of heart attack you experienced determines the treatments that your medical team will recommend. A heart attack occurs when a blockage in one or more coronary arteries reduces or stops blood flow to the heart, which starves part of the heart muscle of oxygen.
The blockage might be complete or partial:
- A complete blockage of a coronary artery means you suffered a STEMI heart attack or ST-elevation myocardial infarction.
- A partial blockage is an NSTEMI heart attack or a non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Treatments differ for a STEMI versus NSTEMI heart attack, although there can be some overlap.
Hospitals commonly use techniques to restore blood flow to part of the heart muscle damaged during a heart attack:
- You might receive clot-dissolving drugs , balloon angioplasty , surgery or a combination of treatments.
- About 36 percent of hospitals in the U.S. are equipped to use a procedure called percutaneous coronary intervention , a mechanical means of treating heart attack.
At a hospital equipped to administer PCI, you would likely be sent to a department that specializes in cardiac catheterization, sometimes called a cath lab. There, a diagnostic angiogram can examine blood flow to your heart and reveal how well your heart is pumping. Depending on the results of that procedure, you may be routed to one of three treatments: medical therapy only, PCI or coronary artery bypass grafting .
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Should I Still Call 999 Or Go To Hospital If I’m Worried About My Health
Whether or not you have coronavirus symptoms, it’s essential to dial 999 if you have symptoms that could be a heart attack, or if your heart symptoms get worse.
We are hearing that fewer people are being seen in hospital with heart attacks in recent weeks, which suggests that people are not seeking help when they should do. If you have any of the symptoms described above, you should call 999.
Don’t delay because you think hospitals are too busy – the NHS still has systems in place to treat people for heart attacks. If you delay, you are more likely to suffer serious heart damage and more likely to need intensive care and to spend longer in hospital.
What Are The Risk Factors For Heart Attack
Several health conditions, your lifestyle, and your age and family history can increase your risk for heart disease and heart attack. These are called risk factors. About half of all Americans have at least one of the three key risk factors for heart disease: high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and smoking.2
Some risk factors cannot be controlled, such as your age or family history. But you can take steps to lower your risk by changing the factors you can control.
Learn more about risk factors for heart disease and heart attack.
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Water And Cayenne Pepper
Another online recommendation thats not effective is to drink a glass of water with a spoonful of cayenne pepper in it. Some people say cayenne pepper is a stimulant capable of increasing the heart rate and carrying blood all over the body, balancing circulation. Some claim that cayenne pepper can stop bleeding instantly.
There is no proof, however, that cayenne pepper or other types of pepper are useful when taken at the onset of a heart attack. Whats more, its not understood how capsaicin might interact with aspirin when taken during a heart attack and experts know that aspirin is helpful.
While you cant control all your heart attack risk factors, such as aging, gender , and heredity, there are some that you can control. To prevent your risk of a heart attack:
- Stop smoking and minimize your exposure to secondhand smoke.
- Get your high blood cholesterol and high blood pressure under control by modifying your diet, losing weight, taking medication, or doing a combination of these things.
- Stay physically active daily.
- Control your weight if youre overweight or obese.
- If you have diabetes, take care by sticking to your treatment plan and managing your blood sugar.
- Get a handle on the stress in your life by practicing relaxation techniques like deep breathing or yoga, or try talk therapy.
- Limit your alcohol consumption.
Do Women Of Color Need To Worry About Heart Attack Risk
Yes. All women need to be aware of their heart attack risk and take steps to prevent heart disease.
African-American, Hispanic, and American Indian or Alaska Native women often have more heart attack risk factors than white women.1,2 These risk factors can include obesity, lack of physical activity, high blood pressure, and diabetes.
African-American women are also more likely to have a heart attack and more likely to die from a heart attack compared with white women.3
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Recovering From A Heart Attack
The time it takes to recover from a heart attack will depend on the amount of damage to your heart muscle.
Most people can return to work after having a heart attack. Some people are well enough to return to work after 2 weeks. Other people may take several months to recover. How quickly you can go back to work depends on your health, the state of your heart and the type of work you do.
The recovery process aims to:
- reduce your risk of another heart attack through a combination of lifestyle changes , and medicines , which help to lower blood cholesterol levels
- gradually restore your physical fitness so you can resume normal activities
Educating New Generations Of Scientists
Even though implantable heart tissue is still a ways off, the fact that CELL-MET has made so much progress in five years is remarkable, says Bishop.
To tackle a problem as thorny as growing heart tissue, the center has had to bring together a massive team of researchers from 14 institutions around the globe. They specialize in many different disciplinesbiology, electrical engineering, computer science, nanotechnology, chemistry, and the list goes on.
I think a lot of our success comes from the fact that were doing transdisciplinary research. Weve all stopped thinking about our individual fields, and started thinking about solving a common problem David Bishop
A miniature living heart chamber replica developed by a multidisciplinary CELL-MET team. Photo by Jackie Ricciardi
So far, this approach seems to be working. In addition to their early heart tissue patches, those collaborations have already resulted in a living heart chamber replica, tiny heart valves on a chip, new nanoscale 3D printing methods, and other advances. It has also led to some offshoot discoveries, including a new contactless electrocardiogram that can sense the hearts electric field using magnets, and is now being developed by a company spun out of Bishops lab. Each of these incremental steps represents a major scientific achievement, and may help scientists create other types of organ tissue in the future.
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Quicker Treatments Better Outcomes
These treatment innovations help doctors diagnose and treat your heart condition more quickly. Having access to these treatments shortly after a heart attack could help restore blood flow to your heart quickly and reduce the amount of damage to your heart muscle.
Theres an adage in cardiology that time is muscle, said Dr. Burke. The longer you wait for treatment, the more you may be at risk of losing heart muscle. Seek medical help immediately if you experience symptoms of a heart attack, which include:
- Pain or discomfort in the neck, jaw or left arm
- A sense of impending doom
In addition to these classic symptoms of a heart attack, women may also experience:
If you have symptoms, call 911 to get immediate help. In the 21st century, you can take advantage of heart treatment innovations and increase your chances of surviving. Not sure youre having a heart attack? Better safe than sorry head for the hospital to be checked out.
Treatments for heart attack and coronary disease continue to improve. Now, theyre evolutionary changes as opposed to revolutionary changes, Dr. Burke said.
Equipment is getting smaller and more portable, allowing doctors to get a better look at whats happening with your heart in a less invasive way. Also, current heart tests expose you to less radiation, and even stents are getting thinner and easier to put in.
All of these innovations add up to better heart care for you and your family if you need it.
Complications Of A Heart Attack
Complications of a heart attack can be serious and possibly life threatening.
- arrhythmias these are abnormal heartbeats. 1 type is where the heart begins beating faster and faster, then stops beating
- cardiogenic shock where the heart’s muscles are severely damaged and can no longer contract properly to supply enough blood to maintain many body functions
- heart rupture where the heart’s muscles, walls or valves split apart
These complications can happen quickly after a heart attack and are a leading cause of death.
Many people die suddenly from a complication of a heart attack before reaching hospital or within the 1st month after a heart attack.
The outlook often depends on:
- age serious complications are more likely as you get older
- the severity of the heart attack how much of the heart’s muscle has been damaged during the attack
- how long it took before a person received treatment treatment for a heart attack should begin as soon as possible
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Preventing A Heart Attack
There are 5 main steps you can take to reduce your risk of having a heart attack :
- smokers should quit smoking
- lose weight if you’re overweight or obese
- do regular exercise adults should do at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity each week, unless advised otherwise by the doctor in charge of your care
- eat a low-fat, high-fibre diet, including wholegrains and at least 5 portions of fruit and vegetables a day
- moderate your alcohol consumption
What Does Depression Have To Do With A Heart Attack
Depression is common after a heart attack. As many as 1 out of every 3 people who have had a heart attack report feelings of depression. People with a higher risk of depression after a heart attack include:
- People who have had depression before
- People who feel alone and without social or emotional support
Many people who have depression dont recognize it. They dont seek help or get treatment. Being depressed can make it harder for you to recover physically. Depression can be treated.
Some people have anxiety after a heart attack, fearing it will happen again. Talk to your doctor about your feelings so that you can manage or reduce your anxiety.
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Heart Attack And Women
A heart attack happens when blood flow in an artery to the heart is blocked by a blood clot or plaque, and the heart muscle begins to die. Women are more likely than men to die after a heart attack. But if you get help quickly, treatment can save your life and prevent permanent damage to your heart.
How A Heart Attack Is Treated
Treatment of an acute heart attack must be early and aggressive. Medical therapy is used to stabilize the cardiovascular system and prevent or at least mitigate long-term complications. This may include angioplasty and the use of thrombolytics or other priority medications for a heart attack.
Heart attacks need to be urgently treated because the blockage of one of the coronary arteries that supplies blood to the heart causes an area of muscle to begin to dieand the longer blood flow is hindered, the more damage that occurs.
Read Also: How To Slow Down Heart Palpitations | <urn:uuid:bc1f0bcb-1afa-413e-bd09-8d8fda09afa6> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.healthyheartworld.com/cure-to-heart-attack/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.929865 | 3,769 | 3.328125 | 3 |
As we head into the summer season most of us will be taking advantage of the warmer weather by spending more time outdoors. While it may be good for the soul to soak up some sun after a long winter, it can mean trouble for your skin. More than 90% of skin cancer is caused by sun exposure. In recognition of National Skin Cancer Awareness Month, The Dermatological Society of New Jersey is urging the public to take preventative measures in the sun this summer, and to see a dermatologist if any blemishes or lesions are spotted.
The American Cancer Society estimates that more than one million new cases of skin cancer will be diagnosed this year. With statistics like that, I turned to Dr. Alexander Doctoroff, President of The Dermatological Society of New Jersey, for his advice on how we can all protect ourselves -- and our loved ones this summer. He recommends that adults should be checked by a dermatologist once a year. "The most important lesson is in prevention" said Dr. Doctoroff. "But early detection can prevent skin cancer from becoming life-threatening".
Top Ten Ways to Protect Yourself from the Sun
1. Use sunscreen with a Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of at least 15. Make sure it is water-resistant and reapply every two hours, especially after swimming or sweating.
2. Apply sunscreen 30 minutes before going outside so your skin has time to absorb it.
3. Be generous in application of sunscreen. An ounce of sunscreen should cover the face, neck, arms and legs of the average adult.
4. Wear protective clothing, like hats, sunglasses, long-sleeved shirts and pants.
5. Seek shade when possible, especially during the hours of 10:00 am to 4:00 pm when the sun's rays are strongest.
6. Avoid tanning beds as ultraviolet light can cause skin cancer and wrinkling. Use a self-tanning product but use sunscreen with it.
7. Protect children by reapplying sunscreen often with an SPF of at least 15, having them play in the shade and wear protective clothing.
8. Babies under the age of 6 months should never be in direct sunlight and should always wear a hat and clothing that protects them from UV rays.
9. Adults should perform regular self-exams. It is an easy way to detect abnormalities.
10. Talk to your dermatologist and have a complete body scan once a year. | <urn:uuid:760f32b6-8dac-4f73-b073-2e4a43d2d781> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.healthywomen.org/content/blog-entry/top-10-ways-protect-yourself-sun | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.932754 | 500 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Delve into the world of mystery and intrigue as we unravel the enigmatic “Houdini meaning.” This term doesn’t just refer to the legendary escape artist Harry Houdini; it holds a broader significance that resonates with magic, illusion, and the art of breaking free.
The Legacy of Houdini – A Brief Overview
To truly understand the meaning behind “Houdini,” we must first pay homage to the man who made the name legendary – Harry Houdini. Known as the world’s greatest escape artist, Houdini captivated audiences with his death-defying stunts and unparalleled skill in freeing himself from seemingly impossible situations.
Beyond the Man – Houdini as a Cultural Symbol
The term “Houdini” has transcended its origin, becoming a cultural symbol synonymous with escapism, mystery, and the ability to overcome seemingly insurmountable challenges. It embodies the human spirit’s innate desire to break free from constraints, whether physical or metaphorical.
Houdini in Language – A Linguistic Exploration
Language is a living entity, and words often take on meanings beyond their literal definitions. “Houdini” is no exception. In colloquial usage, it has come to represent an escape or disappearance act, adding a touch of magic to everyday conversations. People might say someone “pulled a Houdini” when they unexpectedly vanish or find a clever way out of a situation.
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The Psychology of Houdini – Escapism in the Mind
Digging deeper, the concept of Houdini can be explored from a psychological perspective. It taps into the human psyche’s innate need for escapism – the desire to break free from the mundane and experience a sense of wonder. Whether through entertainment or personal growth, the Houdini spirit encourages us to challenge boundaries and explore the unknown.
Houdini in Popular Culture – From Movies to Music
The allure of Houdini extends far beyond the realms of magic. Numerous movies, books, and songs have drawn inspiration from the Houdini mystique. Explore how this cultural icon has influenced various forms of art and entertainment, leaving an indelible mark on the collective imagination.
Embracing the Houdini Spirit in Everyday Life
How can we incorporate the Houdini spirit into our daily lives? This section explores the concept of embracing challenges, finding creative solutions, and breaking free from self-imposed limitations. The Houdini meaning becomes a source of inspiration, urging us to approach life’s hurdles with a sense of curiosity and resilience.
Conclusion: Unlocking the Secrets of Houdini Meaning
In conclusion, the term “Houdini” is more than just a name; it’s a symbol of resilience, creativity, and the unyielding human spirit. Whether used to describe a master escape artist or as a metaphor for overcoming obstacles, the Houdini meaning invites us to explore the magic within ourselves and the world around us. So, let’s embrace the Houdini spirit and embark on our own journey of discovery and liberation. | <urn:uuid:7438783b-c344-42c1-b7c2-d323297bde64> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.hindihelpguru.com/houdini-meaning/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.890778 | 660 | 2.890625 | 3 |
What is Rooibos?
Whichever way it is written: Rooibosch, Rooibos (pronounced roy·buhs) or Redbush, refers to the legume Aspalathus Linearis. At first glance, it appears an unremarkable plant. With thin pale green leaves, growing no taller than a metre in sandy soil, among the wild mountains in the Western Cape of South Africa where leopards roam. Unlike the tea plant it is very hardy, seeming to relish in extremes. After being planted in the cold June winter, Rooibos is then harvested in the hot summer.
The plants produce yellow flowers which contain the seeds. These are gathered by farmers to grow in the nurseries. After planting, the first two years growth is only pruned back. It is not until years three and four that harvesting takes place, then the whole process must start again.
The leaves are picked and laid out in the hot summer sun to dry and oxidise. This turns them from green to a rich red. They are then graded and readied for shipping.
Rooibos taste and preparation
The manufactured leaves are small, straight and red like little needles. As a result, they need to be infused longer than most traditional tea leaves. Up to 8 minutes will produce a rich full flavour with a sweet top note and a malty body. I prefer it drunk straight, without milk because of its deep mouthfeel. What has always surprised me is how invigorating a drink Rooibos is considering the lack of any stimulants.
What are the health benefits of Rooibos?
There are many elements within traditional teas that make them healthy enough to drink. For example, teas are full of antioxidants. But of course for anyone sensitive to caffeine or pregnant, they may not be so suitable. In contrast Rooibos has no caffeine content. Caffeine within plants acts as a natural insect repellent, but not all plants have the capability of producing it and Rooibos is one of them. This makes it perfect as a 'just before bedtime' drink.
The very low tannin levels are also beneficial for anyone who is pregnant, as high tannins interfere with iron absorption.
There are many antioxidants within Rooibos which are important for health, especially of the heart. Medical research studies have shown that it can help reduce cholesterol and blood pressure.
The antioxidant Aspalathin has been shown to play a role in helping those with diabetes reduce the risk of vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis.
The anti-inflammatory benefits of Rooibos have also been shown by inhibiting the effects of diesel exhaust particles on the immune response system.
Studies also show that Aspalathin helps to reduce stress, along with another compound present in Rooibos called Nothofagin. Nothofagin is rarely found in other natural products.
Indeed, the plant is mentioned in numerous studies which suggest the antioxidants within it have positive effects against some cancers, hypertension, and promoting immune responses against disease.
What's better? Rooibos or Green Tea?
From all this research if you were to ask ‘is Rooibos good for you?’ The answer would be a resounding yes. However, if you were to ask if it is better for you than green tea? The answer is more complicated. Rooibos contains different antioxidants than green tea, and fewer overall. But green tea contains caffeine, and often a high caffeine content. I enjoy green tea too, but I don’t drink too much, and certainly not late in the evening.
For me personally, I enjoy the unique flavour of Rooibos. And above all, that I can drink it before I go to bed and still get a good night’s sleep. | <urn:uuid:264e2456-58ee-4b68-a134-c87ae9715b1e> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.hrhiggins.co.uk/blogs/blog/the-benefits-of-rooibos | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.957548 | 802 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Moving away from the conventional pattern of teaching and learning, the present age is witnessing a paradigm shift in the way teachers are teaching and students are assimilating information. This change in educational patterns is all set to open up newer avenues for the teaching and learning groups, paving way for a modern school of thought. If you are curious to know about the futuristic trends in education that will shape the lives of the global student fraternity, here are the driving forces that you should watch out for.
Practical Learning Strategies
Learning by rote is a thing of the past. Now is the age when students are prompted to demonstrate their learnings by following a practical approach. Laying the foundation for personalized learning strategies, the future presents umpteen opportunities to unleash the creative skills of students. It is only when students show what they learnt that they will better understand the concepts of the topic, before they step into learning the next topic as an extension to the earlier one. This strategy of practically demonstrating their knowledge can help students master their subjects.
Focus on Students’ Choice and Preferences
The future of education is all about strengthening and incorporating student-centric learning. In this endeavor, the onus is on teachers to adopt personalized learning and teaching patterns. Flexibility in learning is the keyword that governs the forthcoming tendency of imparting quality education to students. Given the fact that every student is unique with a different set of choices and strengths, it is through flexible learning patterns that students will benefit a great deal in future.
Collaboration – The Powerful Tool of Sharing and Connecting With Others
All thanks to umpteen technological innovations, education is witnessing a sea change. Learning and teaching are no longer restricted to the use of textbooks and blackboards. Education has surpassed the geographical boundaries coming in the form of online training courses that can help students to enroll and complete them from any part of the globe. A host of open-source educative sites are now available to students to educate them about any topic under the sun. They can simply browse the topic that interests them the most and exchange information through social media circles.
Active participation in the online social world will set the stage for a collaborative form of learning when students of one school or country can effortlessly reach out to their peers located in other regions; whenever they want. Hence, working together paves way for better communication between students alongside improving their competencies and skills for the world to acknowledge and appreciate.
Edutainment – The Novel Concept of Blending Entertainment With Learning
An amalgamation of education and entertainment is opening the doors to think ahead. It can mean the use of technology to concentrate on online videos or slide shows. Grabbing the attention of students, the latest technological innovations in the sphere of Augmented Reality (AR) have already replaced the pens and chalk pieces needed to learn and teach.
Relying on media as an instrument to impart education has its own benefits, brightening the future of students by honing their creative skills. While providing them with a platform to express themselves better, media learning helps students to stay in constant touch with global educative events that are happening at different venues across the globe. Educative podcasts, videos and recorded audio-video lessons are the latest educational trends that will promise a beautiful makeover to the traditional classroom-type of teaching and learning.
The Emergence of A Holistic Change
It should be kept in mind that the relationship between students and teachers is constantly changing and evolving with the passage of every single day. Gone are the days when teachers were tagged as the only source of learning. Now is the age when students are able to educate teachers through classroom discussions and presentations. While teachers are looking for other means to educate students, online learning comes as a handy tool to excite the participation of introvert students.
As a class enjoys the luxury of learning from different approaches, knowledge-seekers can make the most of such teaching methods. Permitting students to get introduced to global educative patterns, exchange of facts becomes a breeze when teachers assign interactive quizzes as class and home assignments along with the novel flipped classroom sessions.
Skill-Based Education Paves Way for Trained Professionals
Education is all about preparing students towards employment. While bookish knowledge helps them understand the topic, it is only when they apply that knowledge to a specific trade that they will shine in their jobs. Skill-based training, also called as vocational training not only enhances employability but also drives the competencies in students to try their hand in various disciplines.
Skill-based training through its modular pattern can be introduced at the secondary and higher secondary stages. Once this is done, our economy will witness a boost coming in the form of competitive professionals who are equipped with on-the-job-training. This skill-centric education allows students to stay in good stead with the advancements in their chosen field of work. Tagged as an essential pillar of education, skill-based training is one of the ways to bridge the gap between the demand and supply of trained professionals; a scenario that is rampant in many countries.
Learning On the Go is Fun
This is the generation of smartphones which are not only omnipresent but also omnipotent. Capable of simplifying our lives in a number of ways, students will be empowered to learn anywhere and anytime that is convenient to them through their internet-connected smartphones. Offering them the best learning experiences, mobile learning can further narrow the boundaries of learning.
Appreciating The Competencies of Students
Feedback is another tool that will see the light of the day in imparting holistic education. Positive feedback coming in the form of awards and credits will encourage students to perform better and develop a keen sense of healthy competition amongst peer groups. Departing from the traditional A to F grading of students, it is through academic credits that teachers and schools can handhold students of varying IQ levels to demonstrate their innate strengths. This mind shift of compartmentalizing students to grades will develop the positive mindset that will work in favor of the learning communities.
Internships – Another Promising Tool For Career Readiness
Students will be better prepared to identify and grab job opportunities provided they are exposed to real world experiences. Since the underlying purpose of education is to make a mark for yourself in your chosen field of work, internships offer a close-up to the corporate environment or job culture.
Internships are promising since they extend their classroom learnings to familiarize themselves with the workplace environment. While helping students gain technical knowledge about the working of organizations, in-house training workshops can hone their social skills. It is when students begin to actively participate in campus organizations that they will land up in better organizations which ultimately result in satisfying and lucrative careers. Thus, internships are important to provide the much-needed “hire experience” that translates into a permanent job with a handsome salary.
Adaptive Learning Platforms Will Gain Prominence
Teachers are now being trained to bring in an adaptive learning curriculum which is in the best interest of the learning fraternity. It is through such innovative platforms that teachers can improve student engagement when they begin to impart education using adaptive courseware. It is a personalized learning which helps students work on instant feedback given out by their faculty.
Coming in the form of formative assessments, students will be differentiated based on their innate strengths and capabilities. Creating enough room for improvement, appropriate learning tools can be recommended so that the nascent talents of students are unveiled and brought to the fore. This competency-based educational pattern will thus lay the foundation of a curriculum that will keep in mind the fundamental interests and individual needs of students.
Transitioning from the traditional to the modern style of imparting education did take a long time. And now that this change is wide-spread, students across the globe will be at the receiving end of multiple benefits that will not only strengthen their knowledge-base but will also pave way for lucrative and high-paying careers they are dreaming of. | <urn:uuid:78411f81-d2dd-441b-b967-a6a1336544a6> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.imphaltimes.com/career-guidance-and-education/the-future-of-education-is-skill-based-education/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.957481 | 1,612 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Creating effective software systems is crucial for businesses and individuals alike in the digital age. Whether a complex enterprise application or a simple mobile app, a well-designed software system can make all the difference. One way to ensure a high-quality software design is to follow software design principles. We explore the importance of software design principles and how they can be applied to create improved system designs.
Introduction to software design principles
Software design principles are an essential aspect of software development that every developer must understand. These principles are guidelines that help developers create cohesive and maintainable software systems. They provide a framework for making design decisions that are robust, efficient, and scalable. Without these principles, software development can become a chaotic and disorganised process, leading to software that is difficult to maintain and prone to errors.
One of the primary benefits of software design principles is that they promote modularity. Modularity is the practice of breaking down a software system into smaller, more manageable components. By doing so, developers can focus on one piece of the software at a time, making it easier to understand and maintain. Modularity also makes it easier to reuse code, reducing development time and improving the overall quality of the software.
Another critical aspect of software design principles is flexibility. Flexibility is the ability of a software system to adapt to changing requirements without requiring significant modifications. By following design principles, developers can create flexible and adaptable software, making it easier to add new features and functionality as needed.
Scalability is also an essential consideration when designing software systems. Scalability refers to the ability of a software system to handle increasing amounts of data and traffic without slowing down or crashing. By following design principles, developers can create scalable software, ensuring that it can handle the demands of large and complex systems.
It’s important to note that there is no one-size-fits-all approach to software design principles. Every software system is unique, and developers must adapt these principles to suit their specific needs. However, by understanding these principles and applying them to their software development process, developers can create software that is modular, flexible, and easy to maintain.
Importance of effective system designs
Effective system design is critical to any project, be it software development, engineering, or even architecture. It is the process of creating a blueprint or plan that outlines a system’s structure, components, and functionality. Effective system design is essential because it can mean the difference between a successful project and a failed one.
Poorly designed systems can lead to inefficiencies, bugs, and unnecessary costs. For example, if a software system is not designed to be scalable, it may not be able to handle a sudden increase in traffic or demand, resulting in system crashes and downtime. Similarly, if a system is not secure, it can be vulnerable to cyber-attacks, data breaches, and other security threats.
Software systems must be designed to be reliable, scalable, and secure. A reliable system is one that performs its intended function consistently and without errors. Scalability refers to the system’s ability to handle an increase in workload or demand without compromising its performance. Security is critical because it ensures that the system and the data it handles are protected from unauthorised access, theft, or damage. To understand the distinction between safeguarding your network and securing your applications, you can access our article on the subject by clicking the provided link.
Effective system designs also minimise the risk of errors, reduce maintenance costs, and improve end-user satisfaction. For instance, a well-designed system is easier to maintain and update, reducing the need for frequent and costly maintenance. It also improves end-user satisfaction by providing a seamless and intuitive user experience.
In today’s fast-paced world, where businesses need to adapt quickly, effective system designs are crucial. With the rapid advancements in technology, businesses must be able to innovate and adapt their systems to keep up with the changing demands of the market. Effective system designs enable businesses to do just that by providing a solid foundation for innovation and growth.
Effective system designs are critical for the success of any project. They ensure that systems are reliable, scalable, and secure while minimising the risk of errors, reducing maintenance costs, and improving end-user satisfaction. With the ever-increasing pace of technological change, effective system designs are more important than ever, enabling businesses to innovate and adapt quickly to stay ahead of the competition.
Key software design principles for improved system designs
Software design principles are fundamental concepts that guide developers in creating high-quality software. By following these principles, developers can create systems that are easier to develop, test, and maintain. Here are some of the key software design principles that developers can use to create improved system designs:
This principle advocates breaking down a system into smaller, independent units that can be developed, tested, and maintained separately. By dividing a large system into smaller modules, developers can make changes to one module without affecting others, leading to faster development times and fewer errors. Modularity also allows developers to reuse code across different projects, reducing development time and increasing code quality.
Cohesion refers to how closely related the elements of a module are. Modules should have high cohesion, meaning that each element within the module has a common purpose. Modules with high cohesion are easier to understand and maintain. A module with low cohesion, on the other hand, may have elements that are not related to each other, making it difficult to understand and maintain the code.
Coupling refers to the degree to which one module depends on another. Ideally, modules should be loosely coupled, meaning that changes to one module do not affect the others. Loosely coupled modules are easier to maintain and can be modified without impacting the entire system. Tight coupling, on the other hand, means that changes to one module can have a significant impact on other modules, making it difficult to make changes to the system.
Abstraction refers to reducing complexity by hiding unnecessary details. By abstracting elements, developers can focus on the essential features of a module, reducing the risk of errors and making the code easier to understand. Abstraction also allows developers to create reusable code that can be used across different projects.
Encapsulation refers to the principle of hiding the implementation details of a module behind an interface. By doing so, developers can ensure that changes to the implementation details do not affect other modules using the same interface. Encapsulation also allows developers to create more secure code by hiding sensitive information from other parts of the system.
By following these software design principles, developers can create systems that are easier to develop, test, and maintain. These principles also promote code reuse, reduce development time, and increase code quality. When designing software systems, it is important to keep these principles in mind to create systems that meet the needs of users and are built to last.
Applying software design principles in practice
Applying software design principles in practice can be challenging but is essential for creating improved system designs. Here are some practical ways that developers can apply these principles:
- Use a modular design: Break down the system into independent modules.
- Minimise dependencies: Reduce the dependencies between modules to increase flexibility.
- Reduce complexity: Use abstraction to hide unnecessary details and focus on critical features.
- Follow design patterns: Implement commonly-accepted design patterns, such as the Model-View-Controller pattern.
- Continuously refactor: Regularly review and improve the design of your system to make it more maintainable.
Software design principles are critical for creating effective software systems. By following these principles, developers can create scalable, maintainable, and robust software. They can break down a system into smaller, independent modules, reduce complexity, and enforce loose coupling. By regularly reviewing and improving their designs, developers can create software that is adaptable to changes and can handle future expansion. By harnessing software design principles, developers can create software that is optimised for success.
If you have a passion for software design and are looking for guidance on how to transition into the field, you can book a career consultation with a member of the Institute of Data’s team. They will chat with you about how to carve out a path towards your career goals. | <urn:uuid:1bdde5a4-ff31-49cb-bde6-3416f72915c3> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.institutedata.com/sg/blog/software-design-principles-creating-improved-system-designs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.913961 | 1,685 | 3.125 | 3 |
PEOPLE FOR THE PLANET
HUMANS THAT ARE MAKING AN IMPACT
Photograph of Marina Testino
The fashion industry is one of the largest contributors to environmental degradation, but there are global leaders who are making a positive impact by addressing social and environmental justice through their work.
People For The Planet celebrates these leaders, influencers, educators, advocates, and organizations that make up a global community coming together to take action, inspired by the UN Sustainable Development Goals.
Each individual is collaborating on initiatives to reduce waste, promote sustainable practices, and support communities affected by the negative impacts of the fashion industry in their own communities. These collaborations show the power of collective action and highlight the importance of working together to create a more sustainable and equitable world.
People For The Planet, supported by the United Nations Conscious Fashion and Lifestyle Network and Global Fashion Exchange
POSITIVE IMPACT & SUSTAINABILITY DIRECTOR Patrick Duffy | <urn:uuid:bd2cc845-8b12-4064-b482-0b2d751b49d8> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.irkmagazine.com/peoplefortheplanet | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.883552 | 190 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Health is wealth.
Good nutrition helps fuel your body for healthy growth and development, as well as repair of damaged tissue. Dietary supplements are not mandatory, but they are necessary.
1. Fill the Nutritional Gap
Indeed, nutrients can be obtained from daily diet. However, it may only be sufficient for people with basic nutrient requirements. Certain groups of people may need more than that, and diet alone will not suffice.
- Vegetarians and vegans: Often lack of vitamin B12, iron, calcium and zinc
- Pregnant and lactating mothers: Require higher vitamin B12, vitamin D, calcium and folic acid
- Athletes: Require higher B vitamins
2. Enhance Nutrient Absorption
Malabsorption is a common issue among elderly. It happens when the body cannot break down and absorb nutrients like how it used to be. On top of that, for those who are taking medications, it may further deplete essential nutrients. Hence, supplementation is necessary.
3. Achieve Daily Nutrient Needs
Depending on food preference or allergies, some individuals may not be able to meet their daily requirements. For example:
- Oranges – provide vitamin C
- Bananas – provide potassium
- Milk – provide calcium
The question is, how much do you need to eat in a day to hit the daily requirement? What about those with lactose intolerance?
In consideration of the factors above, supplementation is definitely a better health solution. There are plenty of dietary supplements in the market for each health category, and this creates a great competition among brand owners. Only the most innovative, creative and high-quality supplement will stand out in the eyes of the consumer.
Engage with ITS Finished Product Concept to enjoy the privilege of being serviced from A to Z for the entire product development process. Absolutely hassle-free!
Contact us to find out more. | <urn:uuid:42f25718-7be6-4d9e-a1cc-11b0fb9e4a98> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.its-fpc.com/the-importance-of-health-dietary-supplements-in-our-daily-lives/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.91833 | 387 | 2.625 | 3 |
In the realm of unusual and exhilarating sports, Bo-taoshi stands tall. Originating in Japan, this captivating game involves two teams competing to upend a tall pole. With its unique rules and fierce gameplay, Bo-taoshi is a spectacle that will leave you on the edge of your seat. Let’s dive into the thrilling world of this Japanese pole-toppling sport.
The Origins of Bo-taoshi
Bo-taoshi, which translates to “pole bring-down,” traces its roots back to the late 1940s in Japan. It was initially played by students as a form of military training exercise. The game aimed to cultivate team spirit, discipline, and physical strength among the participants. Over time, Bo-taoshi gained popularity, and it transitioned into a competitive sport enjoyed by both students and adults alike.
The Objective and Gameplay
The objective of Bo-taoshi is to topple the opposing team’s pole while simultaneously defending your own. The game is played on a rectangular field, with each team comprising 75 players. Yes, you read that right – 75 players on each side! The teams are divided into two groups: the Attackers and the Defenders.
As the game begins, the Attackers aim to bring down the pole, while the Defenders strive to keep it upright. The Attackers form a human pyramid, with one player designated as the “Ninja” at the top. The Ninja’s role is crucial as they are responsible for reaching the pole and knocking it down. On the other side, the Defenders form a defensive wall around the pole, attempting to repel the Attackers’ advances.
The Gameplay Intensifies
As the initial chaos of players climbing and pushing subsides, the real battle begins. The Attackers must strategize and work together to destabilize the Defenders’ wall and reach the pole. Meanwhile, the Defenders must exhibit immense strength and coordination to withstand the Attackers’ onslaught.
The game often descends into a fierce tug-of-war, with players grappling and pulling each other to gain or regain control of the pole. It is a spectacle of strength, agility, and determination, where teamwork is paramount. The roar of the crowd fuels the intensity, and the atmosphere becomes electric with anticipation.
The Role of Tradition and Ritual
Bo-taoshi is not just a game; it is deeply rooted in Japanese tradition and culture. Before the match begins, teams engage in elaborate warm-up exercises and rituals to prepare themselves physically and mentally. These rituals often involve chants, synchronized movements, and the recitation of team slogans.
The significance of tradition is also evident in the uniforms worn by the players. The Attackers and Defenders don different colored uniforms, representing their respective teams. These uniforms symbolize unity and pride, creating a sense of camaraderie among the players.
The Thrill of Bo-taoshi
Bo-taoshi is a sport that encapsulates the essence of teamwork, strategic planning, and physical prowess. The sheer spectacle of 150 players engaged in a fierce battle for control of a single pole is awe-inspiring. It is a sport that evokes adrenaline and excitement, leaving spectators with a lasting impression.
Whether you are a fan of sports or simply curious about unique cultural experiences, Bo-taoshi is a must-see. The combination of tradition, athleticism, and the thrill of competition make it a captivating spectacle that will leave you with a newfound appreciation for the world of sports. So, join the ranks of enthusiastic spectators and immerse yourself in the thrilling world of Bo-taoshi. | <urn:uuid:d7b08112-dfb5-480a-a0a3-179f359833c5> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.japanblockfair.com/discover-the-thrilling-world-of-bo-taoshi-japanese-pole-toppling-sport/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.938035 | 749 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Animals in food production sites are literally living in a pigsty with no one to clean the mess up. According to a study conducted by the Hopkins Center for a Liveable Future at the Bloomberg School of Public Health, state and local health departments have not truly addressed the public concerns associated with food animal production sites.
Before the study, it was assumed that the local health departments actively monitor and attend to issues raised from large animal production sites. To the contrary, however, animal production concerns were not rightly addressed or linked to health matters. The study delved into the role of state and local health departments in acknowledging public health concerns related to food production sites. Thirteen county and eight state health departments as well as community leaders were interviewed. The study chose specific participants in order to get the most effective results.
“We analyzed health department data and determined which countries had the largest hog concentration. We chose hogs because their waste is considered to have the strongest odor. We also factored in human density population. We needed to study human population in counties that would be affected,” Jillian Fry, lead author of the study at the Bloomberg School of Public Health, said.
In previous studies it was discovered that areas surrounding food animal production sites had an increase in hydrogen sulfide, particulate matter, and allergens. This increased contamination can directly cause health problems, including multiple respiratory, cardiovascular and neurological health problems. While these health issues and public complaints were presented, state and local health departments did not take action. The lack of follow-up to community members’ complaints was apparent. Fry suggested that this limited reaction is largely due to the lack of legal regulations that give health department incentives to employ proper enforcement. No such incentives exist because there is no funding and no experts to properly investigate the issues.
If both the state and the local health departments were involved, it may help protect the health of the community population.
“Together, they could bring in human health regulations,” Fry said. She believes that through collaboration, they could systematically determine what constitutes a violation. The biggest issue here is that as of now, there is nothing to enforce production regulations, which is something that must be rectified.
Furthermore, it is thought that in the future, health departments with animal production sites should begin to provide training, educational materials, and more funding. Fry suggested a centralized network.
“We can use agricultural data to know what people deal with. This network would have sources of information from all relevant environmental heads. The most updated research would be available. Right now, people don’t even know that the health issues are. They don’t know there is literature out there. This network would be helpful. It’s very important,” Fry said. | <urn:uuid:8983bc56-cbc5-4fd9-b7b8-16aa54e86612> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.jhunewsletter.com/article/2013/02/problems-with-animal-production-addressed-62364 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.971733 | 567 | 2.953125 | 3 |
We have loved learning all about dinosaurs in Pine class! We explored who Mary Anning was, and how her important discoveries taught scientists that dinosaurs existed long before humans ever lived. We created dinosaur eye inspired artwork using clay, and compared how dinosaurs were different to humans by looking at photographs of skeletons.
We even had a very 'egg-citing' day when some large footprints were left behind... along with an enormous egg! This created a good deal of discussion, as well as letters to Mr Carver explaining why we should or shouldn't keep a dinosaur as a pet! We measured how many of our shoes could fit inside a T-Rex's footprint, too!
We also discovered some 'coprolites' (fossilised poo!) and carefully dissected them using tools to find clues. This told us whether the animal which left it behind was a herbivore, a carnivore or an omnivore. | <urn:uuid:303ae1ce-77b3-4101-8b6c-29522a1bdf2b> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.johnblowprimaryschool.co.uk/gallery/?pid=87&gcatid=4&albumid=20 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.972059 | 189 | 3.640625 | 4 |
Alligators at one point were considered almost extinct.
Alligators can go six months a year without eating.
As the population grows, the wetland decrease and the chance for animal encounters increase.
Alligators watch from above the water but they listen and feel the vibrations of prey from beneath the water.
Alligator wrestling started as hunting expeditions by Native Americans in the Florida Everglades.
It is now a tourist attraction.
The annual alligator egg hunts are no easy task. The air team spots gator nests and directs the airboats crews so they can go collect the eggs. The eggs are neatly marked at the top so that they are not turned. If the egg is slightly turned, then the embryo will drown and die inside the egg.
Two percent of eggs in a nest (in the wild) survive after hatching.
By the 1950s, endless hunting had almost wiped out the population.
A lizard enjoys the sunshine in the Everglades.
A Cuban Knight Anole and his passenger.
The Florida Everglades is a ecosystem unlike any other. It is home to a variety of rare and unique wildlife including a diversity of native birds, mammals, fish and reptiles.
Hunters search for pythons, a reptile that does not belong in the everglades.
Kids display the day's catch in the Bahamas.
Feeding the six foot long tarpons at Robbies Cafe in the Florida Keys.
A tarpon jumps out of the water to catch a fish dropped by a tourist.
Much about the disease - like how the turtle catch it - remains a mystery.
The tumors are caused by a "herpes" virus.
Fibropapillomatosis is a tumor-causing disease that affects sea turtles. FP causes external tumors that grow so large that they affect their ability to swim, eat and see.
Some 40% of nesting turtles have the virus.
It can be the nail in the coffin for the endangered turtles that already face habitat loss, sea level rise and drowning in fishing gear.
A dog and his master survey Key West before a hurricane comes ashore.
Many argue canine companions can offer comfort and ease worries.
Dogs owners claim that life is better with a dog.
Unconditional love. Devoted companionship. Constant entertainment
Spending time with a dog does wonders for people emotional state, dog owners claim.
People claim that dogs are there for their family even when no one else is around.
Research has found that 85% of the owners claim interaction with dogs reduces loneliness and can help people live longer.
Historically "cat control" meant rounding up and killing cats. Cat supporters advocate for humanely trapping the feral cats and sterilizing them.
Over the past 10-20 years science has made it clear that cats are a conservation nightmare around the world. Cats are found at population densities 10 to 100 times more profound than naturally occurring predators.
Some experts believe that feral and outdoor cats kill 2.4 billion birds each year, in addition to 12.3 billion rodents killed by the cats.
Experts have been using sign language and other methods to communicate with apes.
Workers at Miami's Jungle Island use a iPPAD to expand communication methods.
Officials report orangutans are extremely intelligent but limited in by their physical inability to talk.
A worker comforts Peanut as she undergoes cancer treatment.
During a drought period, grasshoppers covered the landscape.
A group of giraffe in West Palm Beach, Fla.
An elephant stares from its cage during a rehab stay.
Officials check the progress of an elephant doing a rehab stay.
A Florida panther is released in the everglades. | <urn:uuid:6cc96a8e-11d7-4896-af77-ffd4f925cff9> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.jpatcarter.com/gallery.html?gallery=Animals+-+life+in+the+wild+&folio=Carter+%26+his+camera&vimeoUserID=&vimeoAlbumID= | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.936038 | 772 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Article in Japanese
A safety study of mumps vaccine in Hyogo prefecture
Mototsugu YOSHIDA1), Takao OKAFUJI1), Satoru TSURUTA1), Hiroshi HACHIWAKA1), Jun IIO1), Masashi KASAI 1), Ken KOBAYASHI1), Tetsuya MOMOTA1), Chihiro YAMAMOTO1), Naoki KUMAGAI1), Takashi FUJITA1)
Mumps is an infectious disease that can be eliminated by vaccination, as humans are the only host for this virus. However, mumps outbreaks occur repeatedly every several years in Japan, where mumps vaccination is not included in universal vaccination. The main obstacle for universal vaccination against mumps has been the high incidence of aseptic meningitis after using vaccines made from Japanese strains. Some reports have described a reduced incidence of post-vaccination aseptic meningitis in younger vaccinated children (aged one year). To verify this, the Hyogo Pediatric Association conducted a prospective survey on the safety of mumps vaccination. The survey results showed that the total number of vaccine doses administered between January 2015 and March 2018 was 24,467 (20,541 first and 3,926 second doses). No adverse reactions of aseptic meningitis occurred. This survey appears to verify the safety of Japanese strainderived mumps vaccines when administered at a younger age.
Infection Control Committee, Hyogo Pediatric Association
|Key words||mumps vaccine, vaccine universalisation, aseptic meningitis|
|Received||September 3, 2021|
|Accepted||April 17, 2021| | <urn:uuid:775937b1-dc6e-47e3-baab-e9e94d1900cb> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.jspid.jp/en-journal-detail/?id=2384&vol=33&num=3 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.87287 | 354 | 2.71875 | 3 |
This discovery could help detect genetic risk for Parkinson's disease
AILSA CHANG, HOST:
An effort to diversify genetic studies has led to a discovery about Parkinson's disease. NPR's Jon Hamilton reports on the identification of a gene variant that raises the risk of Parkinson's in people of African ancestry.
JON HAMILTON, BYLINE: Scientists have found dozens of gene variants associated with Parkinson's - a brain disorder that can impair a person's ability to move and speak - but many other risky variants remain undetected. Andy Singleton of the National Institutes of Health says that's partly because of the way most genetic studies have been conducted.
ANDY SINGLETON: Our basis of knowledge for genetics in Parkinson's disease was limited to northern European populations, so we decided to diversify that endeavor and seek ways to globalize genetics.
HAMILTON: ...By joining the global Parkinson's genetics program, which includes researchers from around the world. The goal - collect and analyze genetic samples from more than 150,000 people with a range of ancestries. Sara Bandres Ciga, a molecular geneticist at the NIH, says the first step was to make sure local groups collecting samples were also benefiting from the effort.
SARA BANDRE CIGA: For a project to succeed, we have to always ask - is this something you are interested in? Is this something you want to learn? - and then take it from there.
HAMILTON: Many groups wanted easy access to the genetic information they were collecting and help learning how to analyze it. So Bandres Ciga says she and her colleagues created an online database and a training curriculum for scientists on the ground.
BANDRE CIGA: So basically they will not be only sample donors, but they will be researchers that will tackle the problems.
HAMILTON: Mary Makarious, a data scientist at the NIH, says this meant putting training modules online so people anywhere could study subjects like bioinformatics and molecular biology.
MARY MAKARIOUS: Instead of just delivering the modules in English or in Spanish, now we have scripts with all the training translated into over 100 or so languages.
HAMILTON: Less than five years after its launch, the effort has produced a notable finding. It came from an analysis of nearly 200,000 samples from people in Nigeria, as well as U.S. residents with African ancestry. Andy Singleton of the NIH says the analysis found that Parkinson's was more common in people whose chromosomes had at least one copy of a specific gene variant.
SINGLETON: If you carry one, it increases your risk by about 50%, something like that. If you carry two, it increases your risk by about 400%.
HAMILTON: The variant affects a gene called GBA1. A different variant of that gene is known to raise the risk of Parkinson's in people of European ancestry, but this new one is found almost exclusively in people of African descent. And Singleton says it affects brain cells in a different way.
SINGLETON: This shows the potential of working together. The potential of making new findings in populations around the world and using this global collaboration to understand disease.
HAMILTON: The discovery, published in The Lancet Neurology, was cause for celebration at a scientific meeting in Denmark a few weeks ago. Ekemini Riley is managing director of Aligning Science Across Parkinson's.
EKEMINI RILEY: The air about the whole meeting was just abuzz with excitement, right? This is much earlier than any of us expected to get a major finding, so that's one big thing.
HAMILTON: Riley, an expert in molecular medicine, says the finding is especially meaningful to her because she has family from Nigeria. And she says the discovery could eventually help scientists develop a treatment specifically for people with this gene variant.
RILEY: So we can then target that specific protein that's gone wrong or specific molecule. That's the goal - is to get to that level of precision.
HAMILTON: Riley predicts there will be more discoveries about Parkinson's now that genetic studies are going global.
Jon Hamilton, NPR News. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.
NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by an NPR contractor. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR’s programming is the audio record. | <urn:uuid:7e9e40f5-03b8-4cbd-aa71-68f89b6086bb> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.kasu.org/health-science/2023-09-20/this-discovery-could-help-detect-genetic-risk-for-parkinsons-disease | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.956509 | 928 | 2.6875 | 3 |
What Is Civil Litigation?
Civil and criminal litigation have the same fundamental model; parties present their argument to a judge in either state or federal court, the judge analyzes the evidence the parties have presented to the court and the judge issues a verdict based on that evidence. The distinction between the two is in the types of matters that may be handled in either civil or criminal court. Civil cases involve disputes between private persons. The parties may be individuals, businesses or the government. Criminal cases are between an individual and the government and concern a crime or statutory violation that may have been committed by the defendant.
Prior to Trial
Most state cases are civil in nature. In these matters, the plaintiff lists his or her specific grievances in a complaint that he or she files with the court. The plaintiff also serves a summons on the defendant, making them aware of the claims against them. The party who receives the summons has an opportunity to respond to the complaint and file an answer with the court and refute the claims or file a motion to dismiss. When the plaintiff files a complaint, he or she should also request a remedy. The remedy will usually be financial in a civil matter. Sometimes the party may request non-financial restitution, but this is less common. Additionally, the plaintiff may also request an action from the court, such as an injunction (stopping an action or behavior) or a restraining order (stopping an action or behavior until the litigation is concluded) against the other party.
If the complaint is not dismissed, the parties must continue the litigation process. In some matter, such as family law, it is common for the court to require the disputants to try mediation. If mediation is not successful or not an option, the parties will begin discovery. In this process, the parties give each side the evidence they will be presenting to the court. Parties should give full discovery to the other side so there are no surprises once they are in trial.
Once the trial starts, criminal and civil courts have the same process. Attorney’s for both sides give their opening statements to the court. Then the plaintiff presents his or her case. This involves examining witnesses to prove their arguments. The defense may examine the plaintiff’s witnesses as well. After this process is complete, the plaintiff will rest their case and the defense will go through the same process. After each party has presented their case to the fact finder (the judge or the jury), they will each give closing arguments, the fact finder will then consider the evidence and issue the verdict.
Once the jury or court has issued their decision, the unsuccessful party may appeal. However, if the party does appeal they may not bring up any new evidence or new issues to the appellate court. On appeal, the facts presented may only be the facts that were in evidence at the trial court level. The party may appeal the trial court’s decision due to a misapplication of the law or a legal error committed during the trial. This process is similar for criminal or civil litigation. The specific appellate system may vary depending on the jurisdiction, however, all jurisdictions have a system of appeals and a similar process that parties must abide by.
DISCLAIMER: This site and any information contained herein are intended for informational purposes only and should not be construed as legal advice. Seek competent counsel for advice on any legal matter. | <urn:uuid:2d535a16-120c-46fd-813c-63eb4a0afa07> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.keygreer.net/family-law-faqs/what-is-civil-litigation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.956498 | 684 | 2.78125 | 3 |
NEW YORK (AP) — A new shot for infants against RSV is in short supply, and U.S. health officials told doctors they should prioritize giving the drug to babies at the highest risk of severe disease.
Infants less than 6 months who have chronic lung disease or other underlying conditions should be given priority, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention told doctors in a Monday evening advisory.
RSV, or respiratory syncytial virus, is a common cause of coldlike symptoms that can be dangerous for young children. A seasonal virus, it’s being widely reported in the southern United States and is expected to continue to spread over the next month or two.
The new, one-time shot is a lab-made antibody that helps the immune system fight off the virus. Sold under the brand name Beyfortus, the drug was developed by AstraZeneca and Sanofi.
In July, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved it, and the next month the CDC recommended it for infants born just before or during the RSV season and for those less than 8 months old before the season starts. They also recommended a dose for some 8- to 19-months-olds at higher risk of a serious illness.
It comes in prefilled syringes in doses of 50 milligrams or 100 milligrams. The larger doses are for larger, heavier infants.
In a recent letter to state immunization managers, the CDC said there would be a pause on orders for the shots made through a program that pays for vaccines for poor and uninsured children. On Monday, the CDC put out a more general alert to U.S. doctors.
In a statement, Sanofi said demand — especially for the larger doses — “has been higher than anticipated.”
Indeed, there’s not enough to protect all the kids who are eligible for the larger shots, health officials say. Supply of the smaller doses also may be limited during the current RSV season, CDC officials said. The CDC said doctors should not use two smaller doses on larger infants, so as to preserve the supply of those shots.
Some children may be eligible for an older RSV drug, palivizumab, agency officials said. That drug requires monthly injections.
Doctors also are being urged to try to persuade pregnant women to get a new vaccine designed to protect newborns from RSV. When that happens, the baby doesn’t need the antibody drug.
The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Science and Educational Media Group. The AP is solely responsible for all content. | <urn:uuid:46768087-38b5-443d-b42b-f9e9bf0e8b4f> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.khon2.com/living-808/health-living-808/ap-health/ap-a-new-shot-for-rsv-shot-for-infants-is-in-short-supply/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.947413 | 544 | 2.765625 | 3 |
British Columbians should be on the lookout for toxic mushrooms growing across sourthern parts of the province.
Toxic death cap mushrooms tend to appear during wetter months, but have been appearing earlier than usual.
Earlier in July, a child in the Vancouver Coastal Health region consumed a small a part of a death cap mushroom. The child recovered after receiving medical attention.
Death cap mushrooms are a yellowish-white colour with a ribbed pattern under their caps.
They’ve been found in the Lower Mainland, Fraser Valley and Island communities including Comox and the Greater Victoria region.
Symptoms of death cap poisoning normally onset within six to 12 hours of consuming and include cramping, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea and dehydration.
Twenty-four hours after consumption, many people start to feel better however the toxins will continue to damage vital organs, according to the B.C. Centre for Disease Control.
Within 72 hours of consuming a death cap mushroom, a second wave of cramping and diarrhea will occur that will result in severe illness and organ failure if no medical attention is sought.
Medical treatment, and possibly an organ transplant, may be necessary to prevent fatalities.
Those who ingest a death cap mushroom are urged to go to the emergency room immediately and call poison control at 1-800-567-8911.
Those who find a patch of these mushrooms are asked to take a photo, note the location and report it to the B.C. Government website. Gloves are recommended when handling death caps, and they should not be disposed of in home composts. | <urn:uuid:2174471c-aba1-4910-b6fe-5fa842633c68> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.kimberleybulletin.com/news/toxic-death-cap-mushrooms-showing-up-in-b-c-earlier-than-usual-5232223 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.940326 | 325 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Required Reading: The Economic Report of the President
In January, the White House released its 508-page book, "Economic Report of the President (2023)." If you haven't yet made time to peruse this weighty tome, don't beat yourself up. Most people don't take the time to read the report—still others don't even know it exists.1
What is the "Economic Report of the President," and what does it tell us about the economy and the future?
In the wake of World War II—and worried that the economy might fall back into another Great Depression—Congress passed the Employment Act of 1946, which established the President's Council of Economic Advisors to analyze government programs and make recommendations on economic policy. It also mandated that the president submit an annual economic report to Congress. The first report was submitted by Harry Truman in 1947.2
The report is written by the Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisors and includes both text and extensive data appendices. It must be submitted to Congress no later than 10 days after the submission of the Federal budget by the President of the United States. Although each report is different, they generally include such information as:3
- Current and foreseeable trends in employment, production, real income, and Federal expenses
- Employment objectives for various labor sectors
- Annual goals
- A program for carrying out objectives.
Response to the Economic Report is often mixed. Opponents of the administration tend to be critical of the president's approach. They point out that the objectives and recommendations in the report are inevitably influenced by the administration's opinion and policy.
However, it's important not to overlook the sheer volume of data provided by the report. This information can help identify the forces driving—or dragging—the economy.
If you don't see yourself getting cozy with a cup of coffee and the Economic Report of the President, you might consider using the internet to get an overview of its most relevant topics. Understanding the current state of the economy—and the president's objectives for the future—may help you make plans for your own future.
1. GovInfo.gov, 2023
2. Investopedia.com, May 4, 2022
3. GovInfo.gov, 2023
The content is developed from sources believed to be providing accurate information. The information in this material is not intended as tax or legal advice. It may not be used for the purpose of avoiding any federal tax penalties. Please consult legal or tax professionals for specific information regarding your individual situation. This material was developed and produced by FMG Suite to provide information on a topic that may be of interest. FMG Suite is not affiliated with the named broker-dealer, state- or SEC-registered investment advisory firm. The opinions expressed and material provided are for general information, and should not be considered a solicitation for the purchase or sale of any security. Copyright FMG Suite. | <urn:uuid:c6f4c0c1-eaa5-4575-998c-e32a1fd5fcc3> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.legacywealthconcepts.com/resource-center/investment/the-economic-report-of-the-president | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100229.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130161920-20231130191920-00700.warc.gz | en | 0.951266 | 596 | 2.765625 | 3 |
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