| [ | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "micromorphology", | |
| "output": "The microscopic study of soils and sediments in thin sections cut from matrix.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "forces of production", | |
| "output": "In Marxist theory, things such as raw materials and technology which form the material as opposed to the social aspect of the economic base; or the interaction of these elements of the means of production with labour (cf. base, mode of production, relations of production).", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "lineage", | |
| "output": "A group claiming descent from a common ancestor.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "impressionism", | |
| "output": "an artistic movement that originated in France in the 1870s. Impressionists sought to capture their impressions of the changing effects of light on objects in nature.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "resource", | |
| "output": "The assets of the organization including financial, physical, human, intangible, and structural/cultural.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "cultural ecology", | |
| "output": "The study of relations between culture and the natural world, especially in the theoretical perspective of Julian Steward.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "socialism", | |
| "output": "an ideology that calls for collective or government ownership of the means of production and the distribution of goods.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "comparable worth", | |
| "output": "Comparable worth refers to the requirement to pay men and women equal wages for jobs that are of comparable (rather than strictly equal) value to the employer.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "civilization", | |
| "output": "a complex culture in which large numbers of humans share a variety of common elements, including cities; religious, political, military, and social structures; writing; and significant artistic and intellectual activity.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "open workplace(s)", | |
| "output": "Open workplaces: Workplaces with few physical barriers and enclosures.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "reinforcement", | |
| "output": "Any stimulus or event that leads to response strengthening.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "legitimacy, principle of", | |
| "output": "the idea that after the Napoleonic wars, peace could best be reestablished in Europe by restoring legitimate monarchs who would preserve traditional institutions; guided Metternich at the Congress of Vienna.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "affective component", | |
| "output": "That part of an attitude that's the emotional or feeling part.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "monogamy", | |
| "output": "the practice of being married to one person at a time.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "alternation ranking method", | |
| "output": "Ranking employees from best to worst on a particular trait, choosing highest, then lowest, until all are ranked.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "ego involvement", | |
| "output": "Motivational state characterized by self-preoccupation, a desire to avoid looking incompetent, and viewing learning as a means to the end of avoiding appearing to lack ability.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "community", | |
| "output": "A group of people who share common values. The term has come to be regarded as safer than \u2018society\u2019, whose existence has been challenged by some postmodernist thinkers (as well as some politicians).", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "paleoethnobotany", | |
| "output": "The recovery and identification of plant remains from archaeological contexts, used in reconstructing past environments and economies.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "episodic memory", | |
| "output": "Memory of particular times, places, persons, and events, which is personal and autobiographical.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "Kulturkreis", | |
| "output": "A cluster of related culture traits, or the geographical area where these are found. The idea is fundamental to German-Austrian diffusionists, who saw these circles as spreading progressively over earlier culture circles (English, \u2018culture circle\u2019).", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "volition", | |
| "output": "The act of using the will; the process of dealing with the implementation of actions to attain goals.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "ministerial responsibility", | |
| "output": "a tenet of nineteenth-century liberalism that held that ministers of the monarch should be responsible to the legislative assembly rather than to the monarch.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "Australopithecus", | |
| "output": "A collective name for the earliest known hominins emerging about 5 million years ago in East Africa.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "self-instruction", | |
| "output": "In a learning setting, discriminative stimuli that are produced by the individual and that set the occasion for responses leading to rein-forcement.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "scaffolding", | |
| "output": "Process of controlling task elements that are beyond the learner\u2019s capabilities so that the learner can focus on and master those task features that he or she can grasp quickly.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "social Darwinism", | |
| "output": "the application of Darwin\u2019s principle of organic evolution to the social order; led to the belief that progress comes from the struggle for survival as the fittest advance and the weak decline.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "natural rights", | |
| "output": "certain inalienable rights to which all people are entitled, including the right to life, liberty, and property; freedom of speech and religion; and equality before the law.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "ranking method", | |
| "output": "The simplest method of job evaluation that involves ranking each job relative to all other jobs, usually based on overall difficulty.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "midden", | |
| "output": "An accumulation of debris resulting from human disposal and removed from areas of manufacture and use; may result from either one-time refuse disposal or long-term disposal resulting in stratification.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "culture area", | |
| "output": "A cluster of related cultures, normally those occupying a geographical region.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS)", | |
| "output": "A method of analyzing artifactcomposition similar to optical emissionspectrometry (OES) in that it measuresenergy in the form of visible light waves. It is capable of measuring up to 40 different elements with an accuracy of c. 1 percent.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "culture trait", | |
| "output": "Any individual item of culture, either material or non-material.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "divination", | |
| "output": "the practice of seeking to foretell future events by interpreting divine signs, which could appear in various forms, such as in entrails of animals, in patterns in smoke, or in dreams.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "feral child", | |
| "output": "A child existing in a \u2018natural\u2019 state, unsocialized by humans but sometimes believed to have been reared by wild animals.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "conception of ability", | |
| "output": "One\u2019s belief/theory about the nature of intelligence (ability) and how it changes over time.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "eoliths", | |
| "output": "Crude stone pebbles found in Lower Pleistocene contexts; once thought to be the work of human agency, but now generally regarded as natural products.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "nation in arms", | |
| "output": "the people\u2019s army raised by universal mobilization to repel the foreign enemies of the French Revolution.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "coring", | |
| "output": "A subsurface survey technique using a hollow metal tube driven into the ground to lift a column of earth for stratigraphic study.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "negative feedback", | |
| "output": "A response to changing conditions that acts to dampen or stop a system\u2019s reaction.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "associative", | |
| "output": "Saussure\u2019s term for what are now usually called paradigmatic relations in a language or symbolic system.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "\u2018God\u2019s truth\u2019", | |
| "output": "In linguistics and cognitive anthropology, the view that a good analysis of a set of emic categories will represent the true psychological reality of informants (cf. \u2018hocus-pocus\u2019).", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "model", | |
| "output": "A theoretical scheme constructed to understand a specific set of data or phenomena; descriptive models deal with the form and structure of phenomena, while explanatory models seek underlying causes for phenomena; models may also be diachronic or synchronic.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "fission-track dating", | |
| "output": "A dating method based on the operation of a radioactive clock, the spontaneous fission of an isotope of uranium present in a wide range of rocks and minerals. As with potassium-argon dating, with whose time range it overlaps, the method gives useful dates from rocks adjacent to archaeological material.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "hypogamous", | |
| "output": "Involving marriage where a woman is of higher status than her husband (cf. hypergamous).", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "thermal propection", | |
| "output": "A remote sensing method used in aerial reconnaissance. It is based on weak variations in temperature which can be found above buried structures whose thermal properties are different from those of their surroundings.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "planned economy", | |
| "output": "An economic system in which all economic decisions are planned by a central government.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "hoplites", | |
| "output": "heavily armed infantry soldiers in ancient Greece who entered battle in a phalanx formation.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "historiographic approach", | |
| "output": "A form of explanation based primarily on traditional descriptive historical frameworks.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "feature analysis", | |
| "output": "Theory of perception postulating that people learn the critical features of stimuli, which are stored in long-term memory as images or verbal codes and compared with environmental inputs.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "certainty", | |
| "output": "A situation in which a manager can make accurate decisions because all outcomes are known.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "volition", | |
| "output": "The act of using the will; the process of dealing with the implementation of actions to attain goals.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "nepotism", | |
| "output": "the appointment of family members to important political positions; derived from the regular appointment of nephews (Greek, nepos) by Renaissance popes.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "Hellenistic", | |
| "output": "literally, \u201cimitating the Greeks;\u201d the era after the death of Alexander the Great when Greek culture spread into the Near East and blended with the culture of that region.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "baby biography", | |
| "output": "A report on a single child based on a series of observations over a lengthy period.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "decruitment", | |
| "output": "Reducing an organization's workforce.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "actualistic studies", | |
| "output": "Detailed observations of the actual use of materials like those found in the archaeological record (artifacts, ecofacts, and features), used to produce reliable general analogies for interpretation.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "grievance procedure", | |
| "output": "Formal process for addressing any factor involving wages, hours, or conditions of employment that is used as a complaint against the employer.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "civilization", | |
| "output": "In evolutionist theory, the highest level of society, characterized by urbanization, social hierarchy, and complex social structure (cf. savagery, barbarism).", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "activity", | |
| "output": "The time or resources needed to progress from one event to another in a PERT network.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "cognitive map", | |
| "output": "Internal plan comprising expectancies of which actions are required to attain one\u2019s goal.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "dual-code theory", | |
| "output": "The view that long-term memory represents knowledge with a verbal system that in cludes knowledge expressed in language and an imaginal system that stores visual and spatial information.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "\u2018Iroquois\u2019 terminology", | |
| "output": "A type of kinship terminology in which cross-cousins are distinguished from parallel cousins. Often parallel cousins are classed together with siblings.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "readiness", | |
| "output": "What children are capable of doing or learning at various points in development.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "destalinization", | |
| "output": "the policy of denouncing and undoing the most repressive aspects of Stalin\u2019s regime; begun by Nikita Khrushchev in 1956.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "Socratic method", | |
| "output": "a form of teaching that uses a question-and-answer format to enable students to reach conclusions by using their own reasoning.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "unconditioned response (UCR)", | |
| "output": "The response elicited by an unconditioned stimulus.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "employee theft", | |
| "output": "Any unauthorized taking of company property by employees for their personal use.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "directional plans", | |
| "output": "Plans that are flexible and set out general guidelines.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "autonomy", | |
| "output": "The degree to which a job provides substantial freedom, independence, and discretion to the individual in scheduling work and determining the procedures to be used in carrying it out.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "coping model", | |
| "output": "Model who initially demonstrates the typical fears and deficiencies of observers but gradually demonstrates improved performance and self-confidence in his or her capabilities.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "inflation", | |
| "output": "a sustained rise in the price level.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "uniformitarianism", | |
| "output": "The principle that the stratification of rocks is due to processes still going on in seas, rivers, and lakes; i.e. that geologically ancient conditions were in essence similar to or \u201cuniform with\u201d those of our own time.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "appraisal interview", | |
| "output": "An interview in which the supervisor and subordinate review the appraisal and make plans to remedy deficiencies and reinforce strengths.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "Romanesque", | |
| "output": "a term used to describe the art and especially architecture of Europe in the eleventh and twelfth centuries.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "entrepreneur", | |
| "output": "one who organizes, operates, and assumes the risk in a business venture in the expectation of making a profit.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "attribution retraining", | |
| "output": "Intervention strategy aimed at altering students\u2019 attributional beliefs, usually from dysfunctional attributions (e.g., failure attributed to low ability) to those conducive to motivation and learning (failure attributed to low effort).", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "Lebensraum", | |
| "output": "\"living space.\" The doctrine, adopted by Hitler, that a nation\u2019s power depends on the amount of land it occupies; thus a nation must expand to be strong.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "unconditional positive regard", | |
| "output": "Attitudes of worthiness and acceptance with no conditions attached.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "ethnography", | |
| "output": "Literally, \u2018writing about peoples\u2019, the term also implies the practice of anthropological fieldwork.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "cultural determinism", | |
| "output": "The notion that culture, rather than biology, regulates the ways in which humans perceive the world.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "cultural response", | |
| "output": "In Malinowskian theory, the seven basic aspects of culture (e.g., protection) each of which serves a biological need (in thiscase, safety).", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "employee empowerment", | |
| "output": "Giving employees more authority (power) to make decisions.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "ethos", | |
| "output": "According to Bateson, the distinctive character or spirit of an event or a culture (cf. eidos).", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "British structuralism", | |
| "output": "Originally a synonym for structural-functionalism (in the 1950s), but later used to refer to the work of British anthropologists who had taken up French structuralist ideas (from the 1960s). British structuralists (in the latter sense) tended to be interested in structural elements of one culture at a time (cf. Dutch struc- turalism, French structuralism).", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "cognitive style", | |
| "output": "Stable variation among learners in ways of perceiving, organizing, processing, and remembering information.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the historical field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "Shari\u2019a", | |
| "output": "a law code, originally drawn up by Muslim scholars shortly after the death of Muhammad, that provides believers with a set of prescriptions to regulate their daily lives.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "\u2018culture and personality\u2019", | |
| "output": "The perspective of Ruth Benedict and her followers which emphasizes the \u2018personality\u2019 of whole cultures rather than individuals.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "pay-for-performance programs", | |
| "output": "Variable compensation plans that pay employees on the basis of some performance measure.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "centre", | |
| "output": "In opposition to periphery, the economically dominant place. Its centrality does not have to be geographical. For example, in world- systems theory a colonial power may be defined as the \u2018centre\u2019 and its colonies the \u2018periphery\u2019.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "horizontal stratigraphy", | |
| "output": "Chronological sequences based on successive horizontal displacements, such as sequential beach terraces; analogous to stratigraphy.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "self-instructional training", | |
| "output": "Instructional procedure that comprises cognitive modeling, overt guidance, overt self-guidance, faded overt self-guidance, and covert self-instruction.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "thermoluminescenece", | |
| "output": "A dating technique that relies indirectly on radioactive decay, overlapping with radiocarbon in the time period for whichit is useful, but also has the potential for dating earlier periods. It has much in common with electron spin resonance (ESR).", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "metallographic examination", | |
| "output": "A technique used in the study of early metallurgy involving the microscopic examination of a polished section cut from an artifact, which has been etched so as to reveal the metal structure.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "responsibility", | |
| "output": "The obligation or expectation to perform any assigned duties.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the pedagogic field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "vicarious learning", | |
| "output": "Learning that occurs without overt performance, such as by observing live or symbolic models.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "affirmative action", | |
| "output": "Making an extra effort to hire and promote those in protected groups, particularly when those groups are underrepresented.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "dendrochronology", | |
| "output": "The study of tree-ring growth patterns, which are linked to develop a continuous chronological sequence.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the archaeological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "ethno", | |
| "output": "The ethnic group, defined as a firm aggregate of people, historically established on a given territory, possessing in common relatively stable peculiarities of language and culture, and also recognizing their unity and difference as expressed in a self- appointed name (ethnonym).", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the management field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "organizational chart", | |
| "output": "Organizational chart: The visual representation of an organization's structure.", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "instruction": "Explain the ethnological field term given below in as much detail as possible, exporting only the explanation and nothing else. ", | |
| "input": "cultural materialism", | |
| "output": "The theoretical perspective of Marvin Harris, who argues that there is a direct causal relation between material forcesand aspects of culture (cf. vulgar materialism).", | |
| "system": "", | |
| "history": [] | |
| } | |
| ] |