Complex sentence: During the 1920s in Russia, "October" referred to the spirit of the Revolution, which was a new world of freedom and fellowship reaching politically from the center to the left.
Split into simpler sentences: During the 1920s in Russia, "October" did not necessarily refer to the literal events of the October Revolution. It referred instead to the spirit of the Revolution, a new world of freedom and fellowship reaching politically from the center to the left.