Complex sentence: At the beginning of his reign in 1863, Egypt's debt had been 3 million Egyptian pounds and when Isma'il's reign ended in 1879, Egypt's debt had risen to 93 million pounds.
Split into simpler sentences: At the beginning of his reign in 1863, Egypt's debt had been 3 million Egyptian pounds. When Isma'il's reign ended in 1879, Egypt's debt had risen to 93 million pounds.