Complex sentence: When the energy source is a synchrotron, or the X-ray are focussed by an optic, like a polycapillary, the X-ray beam can be very small and very intense, and atomic information on the sub-micrometer scale can be obtained.
Split into simpler sentences: When the energy source is a synchrotron or the X-ray are focussed by an optic like a polycapillary, the X-ray beam can be very small and very intense. As a result, atomic information on the sub-micrometer scale can be obtained.