Complex sentence: One such illegal trader, Captain Robert Jenkins, had his ear cut off as a punishment in 1739, which later caused outrage in Britain and led to the War of Jenkins Ear, an element of the wider War of the Austrian Succession.
Split into simpler sentences: One such illegal trader, Captain Jenkins, had his ear cut off as a punishment in 1739 which caused outrage in Britain. It led to the War of Jenkins Ear between the two countries, which was later subsumed into the wider War of the Austrian Succession.