Complex sentence: Japanese children are taught in school to direct their gaze at the region of their teacher's Adam's apple or tie knot, and, as adults Japanese lower their eyes when speaking to a superior, a gesture of respect.
Split into simpler sentences: Japanese children are taught in school to direct their gaze at the region of their teacher's Adam's apple or tie knot. As adults, Japanese lower their eyes when speaking to a superior as a gesture of respect.