Complex sentence: In addition, patterns in the data may be modeled in a way that accounts for randomness and uncertainty in the observations, and are then used to draw inferences about the process or population under study; this is called "inferential statistics".
Split into simpler sentences: In addition, data patterns may be modeled in a way that accounts for randomness and uncertainty in the observations. These models can be used to draw inferences about the process or population under study--a practice called "inferential statistics".