Complex sentence: The provinces of Quercy and Rouergue, despite their old ties with Toulouse, were not incorporated into the "gouvernement" of Languedoc, instead being attached to the "gouvernement" of Guienne and its far-away capital Bordeaux.
Split into simpler sentences: The provinces of Quercy and Rouergue, despite their old ties with Toulouse, were not incorporated into the "gouvernement" of Languedoc. They were attached to the "gouvernement" of Guienne and its far-away capital Bordeaux.