Complex sentence: It is generally a complaint lodged with the police by the victim of a cognizable offense or by someone on his on her behalf, but anyone can make such a report either orally or in writing to the police.
Split into simpler sentences: It is generally a complaint lodged with the police by the victim of a cognizable offense or by someone on his/her behalf. Anyone can report the commission of a cognizable offence either orally or in writing to the police.