Complex sentence: After the Shah's death, Ali Mirza, one of his many sons, took the throne in opposition to Mohammad, but nonetheless was quickly deposed at the hands of Mirza Abolghasem Ghaem Magham Farahani, a politician, scientist, and poet.
Split into simpler sentences: After the Shah's death, Ali Mirza, one of his many sons, tried to take the throne in opposition to Mohammad. Nonetheless, he was quickly deposed at the hands of Mirza Abolghasem Ghaem Magham Farahani, a politician, scientist, and poet.