Complex sentence: The Svalbard reindeer ("R. tarandus platyrhynchus") is a distinct sub-species, and while previously almost extinct, hunting is permitted for both it and the Arctic Fox.
Split into simpler sentences: The Svalbard reindeer ("R. tarandus platyrhynchus") is a distinct sub-species. While it was previously almost extinct, hunting is permitted for both it and the Arctic Fox.