Complex sentence: He identified two disorders at the time peculiar to slaves: (1) drapetomia, or absconding from service to the master, and (2) dysaethesia aethiopica or rascality, idleness, and indulging in improper food and drink.
Split into simpler sentences: He identified two disorders at the time peculiar to slaves. The other was dysaethesia aethiopica or rascality, idleness, and indulging in improper food and drink.