Complex sentence: Anders Celsius (1701--1744) created a "backwards" version of the modern Celsius temperature scale whereby zero represented the boiling point of water and 100 represented the melting point of ice.
Split into simpler sentences: Anders Celsius (1701--1744) created a "backwards" version of the modern Celsius temperature scale. In Celsius's original scale, zero represented the boiling point of water and 100 represented the melting point of ice.