Complex sentence: While the weapon (known to the mutants as the "Divine Bomb") has been passed down through generations, and forms the basis of the mutant culture, the mutants appear ignorant of its true destructive power.
Split into simpler sentences: While the weapon has been passed down through generations, and forms the basis of the mutant culture. Left unsaid (but implied by the mutants calling it the "Divine Bomb") is wether the mutants know of its true destructive power.