Complex sentence: At the time he received the Nobel Prize, he was suffering from advanced stage Kuru disease which he had acquired as a young neuroscientist through contact with human brains he was using for his research.
Split into simpler sentences: At the time he received the Nobel Prize, he was suffering from advanced stage Kuru. He had acquired the disease as a young neuroscientist through contact with some of the human brains he was using for his research.