Datasets:

chujiezheng

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wizard_of_wikipedia

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[ "Cosmetics\nCosmetics are real big these days I think. They are real good or bad, depending on your views of them. I believe they're made froom horses.", "Why? Is it illegal to make things from animal products? I don't wear make up, so I'm not sure.", "Lots of products are made form horses. They use horse urine from pregnant mares to get hormones for old ladies, so they'd probablyhave no trouble being allowed to grind them up for lipstick. Cheap dog food is also made from horses.", "If they don't they should probably start." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Cosmetics are substances or products used to enhance or alter the appearance or fragrance of the body.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Many cosmetics are designed for use of applying to the face and hair.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ They are generally mixtures of chemical compounds; some being derived from natural sources (such as coconut oil), and some being synthetics.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Common cosmetics include lipstick, mascara, eye shadow, foundation, rouge, skin cleansers and skin lotions, shampoo, hairstyling products (gel, hair spray, etc.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ ), perfume and cologne.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Cosmetics applied to the face to enhance its appearance are often called make-up or makeup.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ In the U.S., the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which regulates cosmetics, defines cosmetics as \"intended to be applied to the human body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance without affecting the body's structure or functions\".", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ This broad definition includes any material intended for use as a component of a cosmetic product.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ The FDA specifically excludes soap from this category.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ The word \"cosmetics\" derives from the Greek κοσμητικὴ τέχνη (\"kosmetikē tekhnē\"), meaning \"technique of dress and ornament\", from κοσμητικός (\"kosmētikos\"), \"skilled in ordering or arranging\" and that from κόσμος (\"kosmos\"), meaning amongst others \"order\" and \"ornament\".", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ A list of notable characters from the CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\" that significantly impacted storylines and debuted between January 2000 and December 2009.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Alex Perez first appeared on November 29, 2000, later becoming the fiancée of Malcolm Winters and lover of his brother, Neil.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ The role, portrayed by Alexia Robinson, was created to fill the void left by Victoria Rowell.", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Prior to her debut, the character was only known as \"Erin\".", "The Young and the Restless characters (2000s) __knowledge__ In 2002, it was announced that Robinson was to exit \"The Young and the Restless\" after the expiration of her contract, and departed onscreen on May 9, 2002.", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres __knowledge__ Field Marshal John Denton Pinkstone French, 1st Earl of Ypres, (28 September 1852 – 22 May 1925), known as Sir John French from 1901 to 1916, and as The Viscount French between 1916 and 1922, was a senior British Army officer.", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres __knowledge__ Born in Kent to an Anglo-Irish family, he saw brief service as a midshipman in the Royal Navy, before becoming a cavalry officer.", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres __knowledge__ He achieved rapid promotion and distinguished himself on the Gordon Relief Expedition.", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres __knowledge__ French had a considerable reputation as a womaniser throughout his life and his career nearly ended when he was cited in the divorce of a brother officer whilst in India in the early 1890s.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "Hillary Clinton presidential primary campaign, 2008 __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton won many primaries, but lost the Democratic Party nomination to Barack Obama during the United States presidential election, 2008.", "Hillary Clinton presidential primary campaign, 2008 __knowledge__ In February 2007 \"The Los Angeles Times\" reported that several anti-Clinton organizations, including Stop Her Now and \"Stop Hillary PAC\", were preparing \"swiftboating\" style attacks against her, with venues to include a documentary film, numerous books, and websites.", "Hillary Clinton presidential primary campaign, 2008 __knowledge__ A top Rudy Giuliani donor, Richard Collins, who has also supported George W. Bush for several years, was central in establishing \"Stop Her Now.\"", "Hillary Clinton presidential primary campaign, 2008 __knowledge__ CNN reported that 320,000 users joined the Facebook group \"Stop Hillary Clinton: (One Million Strong AGAINST Hillary)\".", "2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series __knowledge__ The 2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series was the 66th season of professional stock car racing in the United States and the 43rd modern-era Cup season.", "2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series __knowledge__ The season began at Daytona International Speedway, with the Sprint Unlimited, followed by the Daytona 500.", "2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series __knowledge__ The season ended with the Ford EcoBoost 400 at Homestead-Miami Speedway.", "2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series __knowledge__ This season was the final year of broadcasting for both the ESPN family of networks and Turner Sports.", "2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series __knowledge__ ESPN had covered the second half of the Sprint Cup season since 2007 while Turner Sports ended a thirty-one year relationship with NASCAR on TBS and later TNT.", "2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series __knowledge__ For 2015, their portions of the season were divided between Fox Sports and NBC.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton, the nominee of the Democratic Party for president of the United States in 2016, has taken positions on political issues while serving as First Lady of Arkansas (1979–81; 1983–92), First Lady of the United States (1993–2001); as U.S.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Senator from New York (2001–2009); and serving as the United States Secretary of State (2009–2013).", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In accordance with longstanding custom, during her time as Secretary of State she largely avoided taking stances on most domestic political issues.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In 2015, she announced her candidacy for the presidency.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Clinton won the Democratic primaries and formally became the party's nominee at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Cosmetics are substances or products used to enhance or alter the appearance or fragrance of the body.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Many cosmetics are designed for use of applying to the face and hair.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ They are generally mixtures of chemical compounds; some being derived from natural sources (such as coconut oil), and some being synthetics.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Common cosmetics include lipstick, mascara, eye shadow, foundation, rouge, skin cleansers and skin lotions, shampoo, hairstyling products (gel, hair spray, etc.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ ), perfume and cologne.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Cosmetics applied to the face to enhance its appearance are often called make-up or makeup.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ In the U.S., the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which regulates cosmetics, defines cosmetics as \"intended to be applied to the human body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance without affecting the body's structure or functions\".", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ This broad definition includes any material intended for use as a component of a cosmetic product.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ The FDA specifically excludes soap from this category.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ The word \"cosmetics\" derives from the Greek κοσμητικὴ τέχνη (\"kosmetikē tekhnē\"), meaning \"technique of dress and ornament\", from κοσμητικός (\"kosmētikos\"), \"skilled in ordering or arranging\" and that from κόσμος (\"kosmos\"), meaning amongst others \"order\" and \"ornament\".", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Animal rights __knowledge__ Animal rights is the idea in which some, or all, non-human animals are entitled to the possession of their own lives and that their most basic interests—such as the need to avoid suffering—should be afforded the same consideration as similar interests of human beings.", "Animal rights __knowledge__ Advocates oppose the assignment of moral value and fundamental protections on the basis of species membership alone—an idea known since 1970 as speciesism, when the term was coined by Richard D. Ryder—arguing that it is a prejudice as irrational as any other.", "Animal rights __knowledge__ They maintain that animals should no longer be viewed as property or used as food, clothing, research subjects, entertainment, or beasts of burden.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Medieval cuisine includes foods, eating habits, and cooking methods of various European cultures during the Middle Ages, which lasted from the fifth to the fifteenth century.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ During this period, diets and cooking changed less than they did in the early modern period that followed, when those changes helped lay the foundations for modern European cuisine.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Cereals remained the most important staple during the early Middle Ages as rice was introduced late, and the potato was only introduced in 1536, with a much later date for widespread consumption.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Barley, oat and rye were eaten by the poor.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Wheat was for the governing classes.", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ Animal (De)liberation: Should the Consumption of Animal Products Be Banned?", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ is a 2016 book, written by Jan Deckers and published by Ubiquity Press.", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ The book engages with the work of many scholars who have written on the subject, including Carol Adams, Alasdair Cochrane, Gary Francione, Melanie Joy, Martha Nussbaum, and Peter Singer, as well as with the views of non-specialists, including slaughterhouse workers involved with the film \"Slaughterhouse: The Task of Blood\", released by Century Films in 2005.", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ The key question dealt with in the book is whether the consumption of products derived from the bodies of animals should be banned.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Concentrated animal feeding operation __knowledge__ A concentrated animal feeding operation (CAFO), as defined by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is an animal feeding operation (AFO)—a farm in which animals are raised in confinement—that has over 1000 \"animal units\" confined for over 45 days a year.", "Concentrated animal feeding operation __knowledge__ An animal unit is \"an animal equivalent of 1000 pounds live weight and equates to 1000 head of beef cattle, 700 dairy cows, 2500 swine weighing more than 55 lbs, 125 thousand broiler chickens, or 82 thousand laying hens or pullets\".", "Concentrated animal feeding operation __knowledge__ A CAFO is also an animal feeding operation of any size that discharges its waste into a waterway.", "Concentrated animal feeding operation __knowledge__ As of 2016 there were around 212,000 AFOs in the United States, 19,496 of which were CAFOS.", "Environmental vegetarianism __knowledge__ Environmental vegetarianism is the practice of vegetarianism or eating a plant-based diet based on the indications that animal-based industries are environmentally destructive or unsustainable.", "Environmental vegetarianism __knowledge__ The primary environmental concerns with animal products are pollution—including greenhouse gas emissions (GHG)—deforestation, and the use of resources such as fossil fuels, water, and land.", "Environmental vegetarianism __knowledge__ Four-fifths of agricultural emissions arise from the livestock sector.", "Environmental vegetarianism __knowledge__ Estimates on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions attributable to animal products range from 18% to 51% of total global emissions.", "Environmental vegetarianism __knowledge__ However, a PNAS model showed that even if animals were completely removed from U.S. agriculture and diets, U.S. GHG emissions would be decreased by 2.6% only (or 28% of agricultural GHG emissions).", "Food and Drug Administration __knowledge__ The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or USFDA) is a federal agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, one of the United States federal executive departments.", "Food and Drug Administration __knowledge__ The FDA is responsible for protecting and promoting public health through the control and supervision of food safety, tobacco products, dietary supplements, prescription and over-the-counter pharmaceutical drugs (medications), vaccines, biopharmaceuticals, blood transfusions, medical devices, electromagnetic radiation emitting devices (ERED), cosmetics, animal foods & feed and veterinary products.", "Food and Drug Administration __knowledge__ As of 2017, 3/4th of the FDA budget (approximately $700 million) is funded by the pharmaceutical companies due to the Prescription Drug User Fee Act.", "Lipstick __knowledge__ Lipstick is a cosmetic product containing pigments, oils, waxes, and emollients that apply color, texture, and protection to the lips.", "Lipstick __knowledge__ Many colors and types of lipstick exist.", "Lipstick __knowledge__ As with most other types of makeup, lipstick is typically, but not exclusively, worn by women.", "Lipstick __knowledge__ Some lipsticks are also lip balms, to add color and hydration.", "Lipstick __knowledge__ Although the name originally applied to the baton (stick) of material, within a tubular container, usually around 10mm in diameter and 50mm in length the term has now generally transposed to the material itself, regardless of method of application.", "Lipstick __knowledge__ Ancient Sumerian men and women were possibly the first to invent and wear lipstick, about 5,000 years ago.", "Off-label use __knowledge__ Off-label use is the use of pharmaceutical drugs for an unapproved indication or in an unapproved age group, dosage, or route of administration.", "Off-label use __knowledge__ Both prescription drugs and over-the-counter drugs (OTCs) can be used in off-label ways, although most studies of off-label use focus on prescription drugs.", "Off-label use __knowledge__ Off-label use is generally legal unless it violates ethical guidelines or safety regulations.", "Off-label use __knowledge__ The ability to prescribe drugs for uses beyond the officially approved indications is commonly used to good effect by healthcare providers.", "Off-label use __knowledge__ For example, methotrexate is commonly used off-label because its immunomodulatory effects relieve various disorders.", "Protein adulteration in China __knowledge__ In the People's Republic of China, the adulteration and contamination of several food and feed ingredients with inexpensive melamine and other compounds, such as cyanuric acid, ammeline and ammelide, are common practice.", "Protein adulteration in China __knowledge__ These adulterants can be used to inflate the apparent protein content of products, so that inexpensive ingredients can pass for more expensive, concentrated proteins.", "Protein adulteration in China __knowledge__ Melamine by itself has not been thought to be very toxic to animals or humans except possibly in very high concentrations, but the combination of melamine and cyanuric acid has been implicated in kidney failure.", "Protein adulteration in China __knowledge__ Reports that cyanuric acid may be an independently and potentially widely used adulterant in China have heightened concerns for both animal and human health.", "Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997 __knowledge__ The United States Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997 (FDAMA) amended the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.", "Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997 __knowledge__ This act is related to the regulation of food, drugs, devices, and biological products by the FDA.", "Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997 __knowledge__ These changes were made in order to recognize the changes in the way the FDA would be operating in the 21st century.", "Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997 __knowledge__ The main focus of this is the acknowledgment in the advancement of technological, trade, and public health complexities.", "Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997 __knowledge__ Congressman Richard Burr and Senator James M. Jeffords were the chairperson sponsors of the Food and Drug Administration Regulatory Modernization Act of 1997 or Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997.", "Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act __knowledge__ The United States Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (abbreviated as FFDCA, FDCA, or FD&C), is a set of laws passed by Congress in 1938 giving authority to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to oversee the safety of food, drugs, and cosmetics.", "Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act __knowledge__ A principal author of this law was Royal S. Copeland, a three-term U.S.", "Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act __knowledge__ Senator from New York.", "Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act __knowledge__ In 1968, the Electronic Product Radiation Control provisions were added to the FD&C.", "Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act __knowledge__ Also in that year the FDA formed the Drug Efficacy Study Implementation (DESI) to incorporate into FD&C regulations the recommendations from a National Academy of Sciences investigation of effectiveness of previously marketed drugs." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Cosmetics are substances or products used to enhance or alter the appearance or fragrance of the body.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Many cosmetics are designed for use of applying to the face and hair.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ They are generally mixtures of chemical compounds; some being derived from natural sources (such as coconut oil), and some being synthetics.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Common cosmetics include lipstick, mascara, eye shadow, foundation, rouge, skin cleansers and skin lotions, shampoo, hairstyling products (gel, hair spray, etc.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ ), perfume and cologne.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Cosmetics applied to the face to enhance its appearance are often called make-up or makeup.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ In the U.S., the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which regulates cosmetics, defines cosmetics as \"intended to be applied to the human body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance without affecting the body's structure or functions\".", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ This broad definition includes any material intended for use as a component of a cosmetic product.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ The FDA specifically excludes soap from this category.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ The word \"cosmetics\" derives from the Greek κοσμητικὴ τέχνη (\"kosmetikē tekhnē\"), meaning \"technique of dress and ornament\", from κοσμητικός (\"kosmētikos\"), \"skilled in ordering or arranging\" and that from κόσμος (\"kosmos\"), meaning amongst others \"order\" and \"ornament\".", "Horse __knowledge__ The horse (\"Equus ferus caballus\") is one of two extant subspecies of \"Equus ferus\".", "Horse __knowledge__ It is an odd-toed ungulate mammal belonging to the taxonomic family Equidae.", "Horse __knowledge__ The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, \"Eohippus\", into the large, single-toed animal of today.", "Horse __knowledge__ Humans began to domesticate horses around 4000 BC, and their domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BC.", "Horse __knowledge__ Horses in the subspecies \"caballus\" are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as feral horses.", "Horse __knowledge__ These feral populations are not true wild horses, as this term is used to describe horses that have never been domesticated, such as the endangered Przewalski's horse, a separate subspecies, and the only remaining true wild horse.", "Horse culture in Mongolia __knowledge__ Horses play a large role in the daily and national life of the Mongols; it is traditionally said that \"A Mongol without a horse is like a bird without the wings.\"", "Horse culture in Mongolia __knowledge__ Elizabeth Kendall, who travelled through Mongolia in 1911, observed, \"To appreciate the Mongol you must see him on horseback,—and indeed you rarely see him otherwise, for he does not put foot to ground if he can help it.", "Horse culture in Mongolia __knowledge__ The Mongol without his pony is only half a Mongol, but with his pony he is as good as two men.", "Horse culture in Mongolia __knowledge__ It is a fine sight to see him tearing over the plain, loose bridle, easy seat, much like the Western cowboy, but with less sprawl.\"", "Horse welfare __knowledge__ Equine welfare describes the acceptable conditions of life and use for domesticated horses, in contrast to suffering produced by voluntary or involuntary actions of others, whether through physical abuse, mutilation, neglect, or other forms of ill treatment.", "Horse welfare __knowledge__ Debates about the welfare and abuse of horses are recent.", "Horse welfare __knowledge__ In the nineteenth century, when the sight of a horse dying while working was commonplace, the first wave of awareness was born with the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and the publication of the novel \"Black Beauty\" in England.", "Horse welfare __knowledge__ France followed suit with the creation of the French League for the Protection of the Horse and the passage of the Grammont Law in 1850.", "Mare reproductive loss syndrome __knowledge__ Mare reproductive loss syndrome (MRLS) is a syndrome consisting of equine abortions and three related nonreproductive syndromes which occur in horses of all breeds, sexes, and ages.", "Mare reproductive loss syndrome __knowledge__ MRLS was first observed in the U.S. state of Kentucky in a three-week period around May 5, 2001, when about 20% to 30% of Kentucky's pregnant mares suffered abortions.", "Mare reproductive loss syndrome __knowledge__ A primary infectious cause was rapidly ruled out, and the search began for a candidate toxin.", "Mare reproductive loss syndrome __knowledge__ No abortifacient toxins were identified.", "Mare reproductive loss syndrome __knowledge__ In the spring of 2001, Kentucky had experienced an extraordinarily heavy infestation of eastern tent caterpillars (ETCs).", "Horse breeding __knowledge__ Horse breeding is reproduction in horses, and particularly the human-directed process of selective breeding of animals, particularly purebred horses of a given breed.", "Horse breeding __knowledge__ Planned matings can be used to produce specifically desired characteristics in domesticated horses.", "Horse breeding __knowledge__ Furthermore, modern breeding management and technologies can increase the rate of conception, a healthy pregnancy, and successful foaling.", "Horse breeding __knowledge__ The male parent of a horse, a stallion, is commonly known as the \"sire\" and the female parent, the mare, is called the \"dam\".", "Horse breeding __knowledge__ Both are genetically important, as each parent provides half of the genetic makeup of the ensuing offspring, called a foal.", "The Phantom Stallion __knowledge__ The Phantom Stallion books, first published in 2002 by Avon Books, are a series written for young adult readers by American Terri Farley.", "The Phantom Stallion __knowledge__ The main character is a girl named Samantha \"Sam\" Forster who shares a unique bond with a wild horse called The Phantom Stallion.", "The Phantom Stallion __knowledge__ Having spent two years away from her family's Las Vegas, Nevada ranch to recover from a riding accident, Sam returns home to find that things are never easy where horses are concerned.", "The Phantom Stallion __knowledge__ There are 24 books in the series with one million copies sold worldwide.", "The Phantom Stallion __knowledge__ Almost every book has a new equine character as its focus and Sam and her friends battle horse thieves, cougars, earthquakes and more to keep their horses safe.", "Dog food __knowledge__ Dog food is food specifically formulated and intended for consumption by dogs and other related canines.", "Dog food __knowledge__ Like all carnivores, dogs have sharp, pointed teeth, and have short gastrointestinal tracts better suited for the consumption of meat.", "Dog food __knowledge__ In spite of this natural carnivorous design, dogs have still managed to adapt over thousands of years to survive on the meat and non-meat scraps and leftovers of human existence and thrive on a variety of foods.", "Dog food __knowledge__ In the United States alone, dog owners spent over $8.6 billion on commercially manufactured dog food in 2007.", "Dog food __knowledge__ Some people make their own dog food, feed their dogs meals made from ingredients purchased in grocery or health food stores or give their dogs a raw food diet.", "Animal rights __knowledge__ Animal rights is the idea in which some, or all, non-human animals are entitled to the possession of their own lives and that their most basic interests—such as the need to avoid suffering—should be afforded the same consideration as similar interests of human beings.", "Animal rights __knowledge__ Advocates oppose the assignment of moral value and fundamental protections on the basis of species membership alone—an idea known since 1970 as speciesism, when the term was coined by Richard D. Ryder—arguing that it is a prejudice as irrational as any other.", "Animal rights __knowledge__ They maintain that animals should no longer be viewed as property or used as food, clothing, research subjects, entertainment, or beasts of burden.", "Animal Rights Without Liberation __knowledge__ Animal Rights Without Liberation: Applied Ethics and Human Obligations is a 2012 book by the British political theorist Alasdair Cochrane, in which it is argued that animal rights philosophy can be decoupled from animal liberation philosophy by the adoption of the interest-based rights approach.", "Animal Rights Without Liberation __knowledge__ Cochrane, arguing that there is no reason that (nonhuman) animals should be excluded from justice, adopts Joseph Raz's account of interest rights and extends it to include animals.", "Animal Rights Without Liberation __knowledge__ He argues that sentient animals possess a right not to be made to suffer and a right not to be killed, but not a right to freedom.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA ; stylized PeTA) is an American animal rights organization based in Norfolk, Virginia, and led by Ingrid Newkirk, its international president.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ A nonprofit corporation with nearly 400 employees, it claims that it has 6.5 million members and supporters, in addition to claiming that it is the largest animal rights group in the world.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ Its slogan is \"Animals are not ours to eat, wear, experiment on, use for entertainment, or abuse in any other way.\"", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ Founded in March 1980 by Newkirk and fellow animal rights activist Alex Pacheco, the organization first caught the public's attention in the summer of 1981 during what became known as the Silver Spring monkeys case, a widely publicized dispute about experiments conducted on 17 macaque monkeys inside the Institute of Behavioral Research in Silver Spring, Maryland.", "Protein adulteration in China __knowledge__ In the People's Republic of China, the adulteration and contamination of several food and feed ingredients with inexpensive melamine and other compounds, such as cyanuric acid, ammeline and ammelide, are common practice.", "Protein adulteration in China __knowledge__ These adulterants can be used to inflate the apparent protein content of products, so that inexpensive ingredients can pass for more expensive, concentrated proteins.", "Protein adulteration in China __knowledge__ Melamine by itself has not been thought to be very toxic to animals or humans except possibly in very high concentrations, but the combination of melamine and cyanuric acid has been implicated in kidney failure.", "Protein adulteration in China __knowledge__ Reports that cyanuric acid may be an independently and potentially widely used adulterant in China have heightened concerns for both animal and human health.", "Animal rights movement __knowledge__ The animal rights movement, sometimes called the animal liberation movement, animal personhood, or animal advocacy movement, is a social movement which seeks an end to the rigid moral and legal distinction drawn between human and non-human animals, an end to the status of animals as property, and an end to their use in the research, food, clothing, and entertainment industries.", "Animal rights movement __knowledge__ It is one of the few examples of a social movement that was created, and is to a large extent sustained academically, by philosophers.", "Animal rights movement __knowledge__ All animal liberationists believe that the individual interests of non-human animals deserve recognition and protection, but the movement can be split into two broad camps.", "Steve Hindi __knowledge__ Steven Omar \"Steve\" Hindi (born ) is an American animal rights activist and businessman.", "Steve Hindi __knowledge__ He is the founder and president of the animal rights organization Showing Animals Respect and Kindness (SHARK).", "Steve Hindi __knowledge__ Born in St. Paul, Minnesota, Hindi grew up in a hunting and fishing culture.", "Steve Hindi __knowledge__ In 1985, he caught a 230-pound Mako shark in a feat that received a writeup in the \"New York Daily News\".", "Steve Hindi __knowledge__ He ceased hunting and fishing after witnessing a live pigeon shoot in Pennsylvania on Labor Day, September 4, 1989.", "Steve Hindi __knowledge__ Shocked and disgusted by the sight of thousands of pigeons getting shot after flying from boxes, Hindi vowed to give up his hunting hobby and fight against it instead.", "Animal testing __knowledge__ Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, animal research and \"in vivo\" testing, is the use of non-human animals in experiments that seek to control the variables that affect the behavior or biological system under study.", "Animal testing __knowledge__ This approach can be contrasted with field studies in which animals are observed in their natural environments.", "Animal testing __knowledge__ Experimental research with animals is usually conducted in universities, medical schools, pharmaceutical companies, defense establishments and commercial facilities that provide animal-testing services to industry.", "Animal testing __knowledge__ The focus of animal testing varies on a continuum from pure research, focusing on developing fundamental knowledge of an organism, to applied research, which may focus on answering some question of great practical importance, such as finding a cure for a disease." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Cosmetics are substances or products used to enhance or alter the appearance or fragrance of the body.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Many cosmetics are designed for use of applying to the face and hair.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ They are generally mixtures of chemical compounds; some being derived from natural sources (such as coconut oil), and some being synthetics.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Common cosmetics include lipstick, mascara, eye shadow, foundation, rouge, skin cleansers and skin lotions, shampoo, hairstyling products (gel, hair spray, etc.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ ), perfume and cologne.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ Cosmetics applied to the face to enhance its appearance are often called make-up or makeup.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ In the U.S., the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), which regulates cosmetics, defines cosmetics as \"intended to be applied to the human body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance without affecting the body's structure or functions\".", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ This broad definition includes any material intended for use as a component of a cosmetic product.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ The FDA specifically excludes soap from this category.", "Cosmetics __knowledge__ The word \"cosmetics\" derives from the Greek κοσμητικὴ τέχνη (\"kosmetikē tekhnē\"), meaning \"technique of dress and ornament\", from κοσμητικός (\"kosmētikos\"), \"skilled in ordering or arranging\" and that from κόσμος (\"kosmos\"), meaning amongst others \"order\" and \"ornament\".", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ Elvis Aaron Presley (January 8, 1935 – August 16, 1977) was an American singer, musician, and actor.", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ Regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century, he is often referred to as the \"King of Rock and Roll\" or simply \"the King\".", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, and relocated to Memphis, Tennessee, with his family when he was 13 years old.", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ His music career began there in 1954, recording at Sun Records with producer Sam Phillips, who wanted to bring the sound of African American music to a wider audience.", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ Accompanied by guitarist Scotty Moore and bassist Bill Black, Presley was a pioneer of rockabilly, an uptempo, backbeat-driven fusion of country music and rhythm and blues.", "Joe Start __knowledge__ Joseph Start (October 14, 1842 – March 27, 1927), nicknamed \"Old Reliable\", was one of the biggest stars of baseball's earliest era, and certainly the top first basemen of his time.", "Joe Start __knowledge__ He started his career before the American Civil War and continued to play professionally until 1886, when he was 43.", "Joe Start __knowledge__ Born in New York City, he led the Brooklyn Atlantics, the team he joined in 1862, to undefeated seasons in 1864 and 1865.", "Joe Start __knowledge__ In 1871, he joined the new National Association's New York Mutuals, hitting a career-high .360 in his first season with the team, when he was age 28.", "Joe Start __knowledge__ When the National League was formed in 1876, the Mutuals joined, bringing Start with them.", "Metallica __knowledge__ Metallica is an American heavy metal band from Los Angeles, California.", "Metallica __knowledge__ The band was formed in 1981 by drummer Lars Ulrich and vocalist/guitarist James Hetfield.", "Metallica __knowledge__ The band's fast tempos, instrumentals and aggressive musicianship made them one of the founding \"big four\" bands of thrash metal, alongside Megadeth, Anthrax and Slayer.", "Metallica __knowledge__ Metallica's current lineup comprises founding members Hetfield and Ulrich, longtime lead guitarist Kirk Hammett and bassist Robert Trujillo.", "Metallica __knowledge__ Guitarist Dave Mustaine (who formed Megadeth) and bassists Ron McGovney, Cliff Burton and Jason Newsted are former members of the band.", "Mateusz Skutnik __knowledge__ Mateusz J. Skutnik (born 26 July 1976 in Gdańsk, Poland) is a graphic artist, game developer, and architect who graduated from the Technical University of Gdańsk in Poland.", "Mateusz Skutnik __knowledge__ He is the author of several graphic novels, such as the series \"Rewolucje\", \"Blaki\" and \"Morfołaki\", and is the creator of animated shorts like \"Kinematograph\".", "Mateusz Skutnik __knowledge__ Together with Karol Konwerski, he is the founder of PastelGames, the company behind several well-known point and click flash game series, including \"Covert Front\", \"Daymare Town\", \"10 Gnomes\" and the critically acclaimed \"Submachine\".", "Mateusz Skutnik __knowledge__ From the \"About Me\" page on Skutnik's website: \"I'm an independent game developer and graphic novelist.", "Tropical boubou __knowledge__ The tropical boubou or bell shrike (\"Laniarius major\") is a medium-sized passerine bird of sub-Saharan Africa.", "Tropical boubou __knowledge__ This very diverse \"species\" with its numerous subspecies and morphs has since long posed a taxonomic problem, and recent research suggests it is a cryptic species complex that has now been split into several species.", "Tropical boubou __knowledge__ The tropical boubou is fairly large for its family (bushshrikes), measuring 23–25 cm in length.", "Tropical boubou __knowledge__ Its weight can vary between about 38-70 g, but typically adults weigh between 50 and 60 g. Females are on average a bit smaller than males, but individual variation is so large that for most practical purposes the sexes seem to be of identical size.", "Historiography on Carlism during the Francoist era __knowledge__ During 40 years of post-Francoist Spain there have been some 200 works published on Carlist history during the Franco regime (1939 to 1975; the Civil War period is not discussed here); there are some 100 authors who have contributed.", "Historiography on Carlism during the Francoist era __knowledge__ The number of major studies – books or unpublished PhD works - stands at around 50, the rest are articles in specialized reviews (pieces in popular newspapers or periodicals are not acknowledged here).", "Historiography on Carlism during the Francoist era __knowledge__ Except some 15 titles, almost all have been published in Spain.", "Historiography on Carlism during the Francoist era __knowledge__ The interest was scarce in the late 1970s and early 1980s, it grew in the late 1980s and since the early 1990s it remains stable, with some 30 titles published every 5 years.", "Matrix number __knowledge__ A matrix number is an alphanumeric code (and on occasion, other symbols) stamped or handwritten (or a combination of the two) into the run-out groove area of a gramophone record.", "Matrix number __knowledge__ This is the non-grooved area between the end of the final band on a record's side and the label, also known as the run-off groove area, end-groove area, matrix area, or \"dead wax\".", "Matrix number __knowledge__ A matrix number is intended for the internal use of the record manufacturing plant, but they are also studied and documented by record collectors, as they can sometimes provide useful information about the edition of the record.", "Matrix number __knowledge__ There are two parts of the matrix number to be considered: the \"main number\", which is usually printed on the label as well, and \"extra information\" which can include a cut or take number.", "Animal testing __knowledge__ Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, animal research and \"in vivo\" testing, is the use of non-human animals in experiments that seek to control the variables that affect the behavior or biological system under study.", "Animal testing __knowledge__ This approach can be contrasted with field studies in which animals are observed in their natural environments.", "Animal testing __knowledge__ Experimental research with animals is usually conducted in universities, medical schools, pharmaceutical companies, defense establishments and commercial facilities that provide animal-testing services to industry.", "Animal testing __knowledge__ The focus of animal testing varies on a continuum from pure research, focusing on developing fundamental knowledge of an organism, to applied research, which may focus on answering some question of great practical importance, such as finding a cure for a disease.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA ; stylized PeTA) is an American animal rights organization based in Norfolk, Virginia, and led by Ingrid Newkirk, its international president.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ A nonprofit corporation with nearly 400 employees, it claims that it has 6.5 million members and supporters, in addition to claiming that it is the largest animal rights group in the world.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ Its slogan is \"Animals are not ours to eat, wear, experiment on, use for entertainment, or abuse in any other way.\"", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ Founded in March 1980 by Newkirk and fellow animal rights activist Alex Pacheco, the organization first caught the public's attention in the summer of 1981 during what became known as the Silver Spring monkeys case, a widely publicized dispute about experiments conducted on 17 macaque monkeys inside the Institute of Behavioral Research in Silver Spring, Maryland.", "Cruelty Free cosmetics __knowledge__ Cruelty free cosmetic is a cosmetic which has a certification ensuring that the product has not been tested on animals, it means the final product nor the ingredients that compose it must not have been tested on animals.", "Cruelty Free cosmetics __knowledge__ Moreover, manufacturers must provide an attestation affirming that they do not practice the animal experimentation.", "Cruelty Free cosmetics __knowledge__ Finally, the brand accept to be controlled at any moment by an independent organism.", "Cruelty Free cosmetics __knowledge__ Under the impulse of the public shocked by the conditions of experimentation on animals and the suffering that engenders, a collective consciousness around the world has gradually immersed and many actors of this movement have emerged in the industry to avoid use animal testing and look for new alternatives.", "Testing cosmetics on animals __knowledge__ Cosmetic testing on animals is a type of animal testing used to test the safety and hypoallergenic properties of products for use by humans.", "Testing cosmetics on animals __knowledge__ Due to the harm done to the animal subjects, this testing is opposed by animal rights activists and others.", "Testing cosmetics on animals __knowledge__ Cosmetic animal testing is banned in the European Union, India, Israel, and Norway.", "Testing cosmetics on animals __knowledge__ Using animal testing in the development of cosmetics may involve testing either a finished product or the individual ingredients of a finished product on animals, often rabbits, as well as mice, rats, and other animals.", "Testing cosmetics on animals __knowledge__ Cosmetics can be defined as products applied to the body in various ways in order to enhance the body's appearance or to cleanse the body.", "Animal rights __knowledge__ Animal rights is the idea in which some, or all, non-human animals are entitled to the possession of their own lives and that their most basic interests—such as the need to avoid suffering—should be afforded the same consideration as similar interests of human beings.", "Animal rights __knowledge__ Advocates oppose the assignment of moral value and fundamental protections on the basis of species membership alone—an idea known since 1970 as speciesism, when the term was coined by Richard D. Ryder—arguing that it is a prejudice as irrational as any other.", "Animal rights __knowledge__ They maintain that animals should no longer be viewed as property or used as food, clothing, research subjects, entertainment, or beasts of burden.", "Alternatives to animal testing __knowledge__ Alternatives to animal testing are the development and implementation of test methods that avoid the use of live animals.", "Alternatives to animal testing __knowledge__ There is widespread agreement that a reduction in the number of animals used and the refinement of testing to reduce suffering should be important goals for the industries involved.", "Alternatives to animal testing __knowledge__ Two major alternatives to \"in vivo\" animal testing are \"in vitro\" cell culture techniques and \"in silico\" computer simulation.", "Alternatives to animal testing __knowledge__ However, some claim they are not true alternatives because simulations use data from prior animal experiments and cell cultures often require animal derived products, such as serum or cells.", "Crash test dummy __knowledge__ A crash test dummy is a full-scale anthropomorphic test device (ATD) that simulates the dimensions, weight proportions and articulation of the human body, and is usually instrumented to record data about the dynamic behavior of the ATD in simulated vehicle impacts.", "Crash test dummy __knowledge__ The Crash Test Dummy is widely used by researchers and automobile companies to predict the biomechanics, force, impact, and injury of a human being in an automobile crash.", "Crash test dummy __knowledge__ This data can include variables such as velocity of impact, crushing force, bending, folding, or torque of the body, and deceleration rates during a collision for use in crash tests." ] ]

[ 7, 16, 68, 55 ]

[ "Cosmetics made from horses? I can't imagine that the FDA would allow that in this day and age.", "I don't know for certain. It just seems that animal rights has permeated the culture to the extent that it seems unlikely that the FDA would allow it.", "Makes me wonder if they do \"in vevo\" animal testing of cosemetics on horses. Would a horse's biology react in a similar fashion to that of a human?", "Do you think so? There are a lot of activists working against animal testing of cosmetics in general. I find it hard to believe that they would start testing on horses if they weren't already." ]

[ "Cosmetics", "Cosmetics", "Cosmetics", "Cosmetics" ]

[ "Ovo vegetarianism", "do they only not eat eggs", "o i understand now" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ovo vegetarianism __knowledge__ Ovo vegetarianism is a type of vegetarianism which allows for the consumption of eggs but not dairy products, in contrast with lacto vegetarianism.", "Ovo vegetarianism __knowledge__ Those who practice ovo vegetarianism are called ovo-vegetarians or \"eggetarians\".", "Ovo vegetarianism __knowledge__ \"Ovo\" comes from the Latin word for egg.", "Ovo vegetarianism __knowledge__ Ethical motivations for excluding dairy products are based on issues with the industrial practices behind the production of milk.", "Ovo vegetarianism __knowledge__ Concerns include the practice of keeping a cow constantly pregnant in order for her to lactate and the slaughter of unwanted male calves.", "Ovo vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other concerns include the standard practice of separating the mother from her calf and denying the calf its natural source of milk.", "Ovo vegetarianism __knowledge__ This contrasts with the industrial practices surrounding egg-laying hens, which produce eggs for human consumption without being fertilized.", "Ovo vegetarianism __knowledge__ Ovo-vegetarians often prefer free-range eggs, that is, those produced by uncaged hens.", "Ovo vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many ovo-vegetarians refuse to eat fertilized eggs, with balut being an extreme example where the egg has developed.", "Ovo vegetarianism __knowledge__ Some vegetarians are lactose intolerant, and are therefore unwilling to consume milk or other dairy products.", "Ovo vegetarianism __knowledge__ Carbon emissions associated with keeping hens are less than those associated with cattle, a factor significant to those practicing environmental vegetarianism." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ovo vegetarianism __knowledge__ Ovo vegetarianism is a type of vegetarianism which allows for the consumption of eggs but not dairy products, in contrast with lacto vegetarianism.", "Ovo vegetarianism __knowledge__ Those who practice ovo vegetarianism are called ovo-vegetarians or \"eggetarians\".", "Ovo vegetarianism __knowledge__ \"Ovo\" comes from the Latin word for egg.", "Ovo vegetarianism __knowledge__ Ethical motivations for excluding dairy products are based on issues with the industrial practices behind the production of milk.", "Ovo vegetarianism __knowledge__ Concerns include the practice of keeping a cow constantly pregnant in order for her to lactate and the slaughter of unwanted male calves.", "Ovo vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other concerns include the standard practice of separating the mother from her calf and denying the calf its natural source of milk.", "Ovo vegetarianism __knowledge__ This contrasts with the industrial practices surrounding egg-laying hens, which produce eggs for human consumption without being fertilized.", "Ovo vegetarianism __knowledge__ Ovo-vegetarians often prefer free-range eggs, that is, those produced by uncaged hens.", "Ovo vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many ovo-vegetarians refuse to eat fertilized eggs, with balut being an extreme example where the egg has developed.", "Ovo vegetarianism __knowledge__ Some vegetarians are lactose intolerant, and are therefore unwilling to consume milk or other dairy products.", "Ovo vegetarianism __knowledge__ Carbon emissions associated with keeping hens are less than those associated with cattle, a factor significant to those practicing environmental vegetarianism.", "Heliciculture __knowledge__ Heliciculture, also known as heliculture, commonly known as snail farming, is the process of raising land snails specifically for human use, either to use their flesh as edible escargot, or more recently, to obtain snail slime for use in cosmetics, or snail eggs for human consumption as a type of caviar.", "Heliciculture __knowledge__ Perhaps the best known edible land snail species in the Western world is \"Helix pomatia\" (also known as Roman snail or Burgundy snail).", "Heliciculture __knowledge__ This snail is located throughout much of Europe.", "Heliciculture __knowledge__ \"Cornu aspersum\" (also known as \"Helix aspersa\"), the next most known, were found originally in the Mediterranean region, but are now also common in many parts of North America, Central America, and Australasia.", "Portia labiata __knowledge__ Portia labiata is a jumping spider (family Salticidae) found in Sri Lanka, India, southern China, Burma (Myanmar), Malaysia, Singapore, Java, Sumatra and the Philippines.", "Portia labiata __knowledge__ In this medium-sized jumping spider, the front part is orange-brown and the back part is brownish.", "Portia labiata __knowledge__ The conspicuous main eyes provide vision more acute than a cat's during the day and 10 times more acute than a dragonfly's, and this is essential in \"P. labiata\"′s navigation, hunting and mating.", "Portia labiata __knowledge__ The genus \"Portia\" has been called \"Eight-legged Cats\", as their hunting tactics are as versatile and adaptable as a lion's.", "Portia labiata __knowledge__ All members of \"Portia\" have instinctive hunting tactics for their most common prey, but often can improvise by trial and error against unfamiliar prey or in unfamiliar situations, and then remember the new approach.", "Cheating (biology) __knowledge__ Cheating is a term used in behavioral ecology and ethology to describe behavior whereby organisms receive a benefit at the cost of other organisms.", "Cheating (biology) __knowledge__ Cheating is common in many mutualistic and altruistic relationships.", "Cheating (biology) __knowledge__ A cheater is an individual who does not cooperate (or cooperates less than their fair share) but can potentially gain the benefit from others cooperating.", "Cheating (biology) __knowledge__ Cheaters are also those who selfishly use common resources to maximize their individual fitness at the expense of a group.", "Cheating (biology) __knowledge__ Natural selection favors cheating, but there are mechanisms to regulate it.", "Cheating (biology) __knowledge__ Organisms communicate and cooperate to perform a wide range of behaviors.", "Portia fimbriata __knowledge__ Portia fimbriata, sometimes called the fringed jumping spider, is a jumping spider (family Salticidae) found in Australia and Southeast Asia.", "Portia fimbriata __knowledge__ Adult females have bodies 6.8 to 10.5 millimetres long, while those of adult males are 5.2 to 6.5 millimetres long.", "Portia fimbriata __knowledge__ Both sexes have a generally dark brown carapace, reddish brown chelicerae (\"fangs\"), a brown underside, dark brown palps with white hairs, and dark brown abdomens with white spots on the upper side.", "Portia fimbriata __knowledge__ Both sexes have fine, faint markings and soft fringes of hair, and the legs are spindly and fringed.", "Portia fimbriata __knowledge__ However, specimens from New Guinea and Indonesia have orange-brown carapaces and yellowish abdomens.", "Belonogaster petiolata __knowledge__ Belonogaster petiolata is a species of primitively eusocial wasp that dwells in southern Africa, in temperate or subhumid climate zones.", "Belonogaster petiolata __knowledge__ This wasp species has a strong presence in South Africa and has also been seen in northern Johannesburg.", "Belonogaster petiolata __knowledge__ Many colonies can be found in caves.", "Belonogaster petiolata __knowledge__ The Sterkfontein Caves in South Africa, for example, contain large populations of \"B. petiolata\".", "Belonogaster petiolata __knowledge__ This species primarily eats small insects, especially caterpillars, which are considered its \"solid food\", while nectar is its liquid food.", "Belonogaster petiolata __knowledge__ It also requires water for survival.", "Belonogaster petiolata __knowledge__ \"Belonogaster petiolata\" belongs to the genus \"Belonogaster\", of the subfamily Polistinae, and is closely related to \"B. juncea\" and \"B. grisea\".", "Myrmecia (ant) __knowledge__ Myrmecia is a genus of ants first established by Danish zoologist Johan Christian Fabricius in 1804.", "Myrmecia (ant) __knowledge__ The genus is a member of the subfamily Myrmeciinae of the family Formicidae.", "Myrmecia (ant) __knowledge__ \"Myrmecia\" is a large genus of ants, comprising at least 93 species that are found throughout Australia and its coastal islands, while a single species is only known from New Caledonia.", "Myrmecia (ant) __knowledge__ One species has been introduced out of its natural distribution and was found in New Zealand in 1940, but the ant was last seen in 1981.", "Myrmecia (ant) __knowledge__ These ants are commonly known as \"bull ants\", \"bulldog ants\" or \"jack jumper\" ants, and are also associated with many other common names.", "Ostorhinchus doederleini __knowledge__ Ostorhinchus doederleini is a species of fish in the cardinalfish family, also known by the common names Doederlein's cardinalfish and fourline cardinalfish.", "Ostorhinchus doederleini __knowledge__ In Japanese it is called osuji-ishimochi.", "Ostorhinchus doederleini __knowledge__ It is native to subtropical regions of the western Pacific Ocean, its distribution extending from Japan to Taiwan and Australia to New Caledonia and the Kermadec Islands.", "Ostorhinchus doederleini __knowledge__ This species reaches about 14 centimeters long.", "Ostorhinchus doederleini __knowledge__ The male and female look alike.", "Ostorhinchus doederleini __knowledge__ The body is pinkish or brownish with four brown lines reaching nearly from head to tail.", "Ostorhinchus doederleini __knowledge__ There is a black spot at the base of the tail.", "Ostorhinchus doederleini __knowledge__ The fish grows until it reaches 3 years of age, and it lives to a maximum age of about 7 years.", "Ovo-lacto vegetarianism __knowledge__ An ovo-lacto vegetarian or lacto-ovo vegetarian is a vegetarian who does not eat meat, but does consume some animal products such as eggs and dairy.", "Ovo-lacto vegetarianism __knowledge__ Unlike pescatarians, they do not consume fish or other seafood.", "Ovo-lacto vegetarianism __knowledge__ A typical ovo-lacto vegetarian diet can include fruits, vegetables, grains, nuts, seeds, herbs, roots, fungi, milk, cheese, yogurt, kefir, and eggs.", "Ovo-lacto vegetarianism __knowledge__ The terminology stems from the Latin \"\" meaning \"milk\" (as in 'lactation'), \"\" meaning \"egg\", and the English term \"vegetarian\", so as giving the definition of a vegetarian diet containing milk and eggs.", "Ovo-lacto vegetarianism __knowledge__ In the Western world, ovo-lacto vegetarians are the most common type of vegetarian.", "OVO Sound __knowledge__ OVO Sound is a Toronto-based Canadian record label founded by hip hop artist Drake, Oliver El-Khatib, and long-time producer Noah \"40\" Shebib in 2012.", "OVO Sound __knowledge__ It operates as a subsidiary of, and is distributed through, Warner Music Group's Warner Bros. Records.", "OVO Sound __knowledge__ The label has eight acts signed – Drake, PARTYNEXTDOOR, Majid Jordan, OB O'Brien, Roy Woods, dvsn, Plaza and Baka Not Nice – as well as in-house producers 40, Boi-1da, T-Minus, Mike Zombie, Nineteen85, Future the Prince and OG Ron C& The Chopstars Unlock The Underground, a collective found by Roy Woods, is also under the OVO Sound crew.", "OVO Sound __knowledge__ The label's roots can be traced back to 2006, where Drake's first official mixtape, \"Room for Improvement\", was released under the unofficial record label, \"All Things Fresh,\" which eventually became \"October's Very Own.\"", "Ovo (Cirque du Soleil) __knowledge__ Ovo is a touring circus production by Cirque du Soleil that premiered in Montréal, Canada, in 2009.", "Ovo (Cirque du Soleil) __knowledge__ \"Ovo\"'s creator and director, Deborah Colker, took inspiration from the world of insects.", "Ovo (Cirque du Soleil) __knowledge__ The idea for \"Ovo\" was not to be about the acts, nor dancing, nor insects, but about movement.", "Ovo (Cirque du Soleil) __knowledge__ The movement of life permeates the entire show with creatures flying, leaping, bounding, and crawling.", "Ovo (Cirque du Soleil) __knowledge__ Composer Berna Ceppas brought additional life to \"Ovo\" with a score inspired by the music of Brazil.", "Ovo (Cirque du Soleil) __knowledge__ \"ovo\" means \"egg\" in Portuguese and represents the underlying thread through the show.", "Ovo (Cirque du Soleil) __knowledge__ Graphically, inside the logo of \"Ovo\", is an insect.", "Drake (musician) __knowledge__ Aubrey Drake Graham (born October 24, 1986) is a Canadian rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer, actor, and entrepreneur.", "Drake (musician) __knowledge__ Drake initially gained recognition as an actor on the teen drama television series \"\" in the early 2000s.", "Drake (musician) __knowledge__ Intent on pursuing a career as a rapper, he departed the series in 2007 following the release of his debut mixtape, \"Room for Improvement\".", "Drake (musician) __knowledge__ He released two further independent projects, \"Comeback Season\" and \"So Far Gone\", before signing to Lil Wayne's Young Money Entertainment in June 2009.", "Drake (musician) __knowledge__ Drake released his debut studio album \"Thank Me Later\" in 2010, which debuted at 1 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" 200 and was soon certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Ovo Energy __knowledge__ OVO Energy is an energy supply company based in Bristol, England.", "Ovo Energy __knowledge__ OVO was founded by Stephen Fitzpatrick, and began trading energy in September 2009, buying and selling electricity and gas to supply domestic properties throughout the UK.", "Ovo Energy __knowledge__ It is one of over 15 smaller energy companies competing with the Big Six which dominate the market.", "Ovo Energy __knowledge__ As of June 2017 they have 680,000 customers, an increase of 10,000 over the previous year, representing a 2.5% domestic market share.", "Ovo Energy __knowledge__ The company sources its energy from various suppliers throughout the UK and from further afield as outlined below.", "Ovo Energy __knowledge__ OVO Energy's headquarters are in Bristol." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ovo vegetarianism __knowledge__ Ovo vegetarianism is a type of vegetarianism which allows for the consumption of eggs but not dairy products, in contrast with lacto vegetarianism.", "Ovo vegetarianism __knowledge__ Those who practice ovo vegetarianism are called ovo-vegetarians or \"eggetarians\".", "Ovo vegetarianism __knowledge__ \"Ovo\" comes from the Latin word for egg.", "Ovo vegetarianism __knowledge__ Ethical motivations for excluding dairy products are based on issues with the industrial practices behind the production of milk.", "Ovo vegetarianism __knowledge__ Concerns include the practice of keeping a cow constantly pregnant in order for her to lactate and the slaughter of unwanted male calves.", "Ovo vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other concerns include the standard practice of separating the mother from her calf and denying the calf its natural source of milk.", "Ovo vegetarianism __knowledge__ This contrasts with the industrial practices surrounding egg-laying hens, which produce eggs for human consumption without being fertilized.", "Ovo vegetarianism __knowledge__ Ovo-vegetarians often prefer free-range eggs, that is, those produced by uncaged hens.", "Ovo vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many ovo-vegetarians refuse to eat fertilized eggs, with balut being an extreme example where the egg has developed.", "Ovo vegetarianism __knowledge__ Some vegetarians are lactose intolerant, and are therefore unwilling to consume milk or other dairy products.", "Ovo vegetarianism __knowledge__ Carbon emissions associated with keeping hens are less than those associated with cattle, a factor significant to those practicing environmental vegetarianism.", "Hip Hip Hurray (TV series) __knowledge__ Hip Hip Hurray is an Indian television series created and directed by Nupur Asthana that first aired on Zee TV channel from 21 August 1998 to 25 May 2001.", "Hip Hip Hurray (TV series) __knowledge__ The story is based on the lives of 12th grade students at the DeNobili High School and their adventures, their fears and hopes, and their relationships and interactions.", "Hip Hip Hurray (TV series) __knowledge__ Besides that, the story also focuses on issues pertinent for the younger generation such as dating, drugs, careers, health, exams, and causes, in a light-hearted manner.", "Hip Hip Hurray (TV series) __knowledge__ The first season of the series more focused on the stars where they were in school flitting through life with joys and sorrows of life as students.", "Causal reasoning __knowledge__ Causal reasoning is the process of identifying causality: the relationship between a cause and its effect.", "Causal reasoning __knowledge__ The study of causality extends from ancient philosophy to contemporary neuropsychology; assumptions about the nature of causality may be shown to be functions of a previous event preceding a later one.", "Causal reasoning __knowledge__ The first known protoscientific study of cause and effect occurred in Aristotle's \"Physics\".", "Causal reasoning __knowledge__ Causal inference is an example of causal reasoning.", "Causal reasoning __knowledge__ Causal relationships may be understood as a transfer of force.", "Causal reasoning __knowledge__ If A causes B, then A must transmit a force (or causal power) to B which results in the effect.", "Van Hiele model __knowledge__ In mathematics education, the Van Hiele model is a theory that describes how students learn geometry.", "Van Hiele model __knowledge__ The theory originated in 1957 in the doctoral dissertations of Dina van Hiele-Geldof and Pierre van Hiele (wife and husband) at Utrecht University, in the Netherlands.", "Van Hiele model __knowledge__ The Soviets did research on the theory in the 1960s and integrated their findings into their curricula.", "Van Hiele model __knowledge__ American researchers did several large studies on the van Hiele theory in the late 1970s and early 1980s, concluding that students' low van Hiele levels made it difficult to succeed in proof-oriented geometry courses and advising better preparation at earlier grade levels.", "Theory of mind __knowledge__ Theory of mind (often abbreviated ToM) is the ability to attribute mental states—beliefs, intents, desires, pretending, knowledge, etc.—to oneself, and to others, and to understand that others have beliefs, desires, intentions, and perspectives that are different from one's own.", "Theory of mind __knowledge__ Deficits can occur in people with autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, cocaine addiction, and brain damage suffered from alcohol's neurotoxicity.", "Theory of mind __knowledge__ Although philosophical approaches to this exist, the theory of mind as such is distinct from the philosophy of mind.", "Theory of mind __knowledge__ Theory of mind is a theory insofar as the mind is the only thing being directly observed.", "Health literacy __knowledge__ Health literacy is the ability to obtain, read, understand, and use healthcare information in order to make appropriate health decisions and follow instructions for treatment.", "Health literacy __knowledge__ There are multiple definitions of health literacy, in part, because health literacy involves both the context (or setting) in which health literacy demands are made (e.g., health care, media, internet or fitness facility) and the skills that people bring to that situation (Rudd, Moeykens, & Colton, 1999).", "Health literacy __knowledge__ Studies reveal that only 12 percent of the adults in the U.S. have proficient health literacy.", "Health literacy __knowledge__ This means 77 million adults have basic or below basic health literacy.", "Seascape (play) __knowledge__ Seascape is a play by American playwright Edward Albee.", "Seascape (play) __knowledge__ The play won the 1975 Pulitzer Prize for Drama.", "Seascape (play) __knowledge__ The play opened on Broadway at the Sam S. Shubert Theatre on January 26, 1975 and closed on March 22, 1975 after 65 performances.", "Seascape (play) __knowledge__ Directed by Albee, the cast starred Deborah Kerr (Nancy), Barry Nelson (Charlie), Maureen Anderman (Sarah) and Frank Langella (Leslie).", "Seascape (play) __knowledge__ Langella won the 1975 Tony Award, Featured Actor in a Play.", "Seascape (play) __knowledge__ The play was nominated for the 1975 Tony Award, Play and Lighting Design (Play or Musical) (James Tilton).", "Seascape (play) __knowledge__ The original three-act version of the play ran in Europe.", "Seascape (play) __knowledge__ Albee \"jettisoned a large section of the play\" during the out of town tryout in Baltimore, prior to the Broadway premiere.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ Advertising to children is the act of marketing or [advertising] products or services to children as defined by national legislation and advertising standards.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ It is often the subject of debate, relating to the alleged influence on children’s consumption.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ Laws concerning such advertisements have largely evolved in recent years.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ In most countries, advertising for children is framed by a mix of legislation and advertising self-regulation.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ In the nineteenth century, the compulsory education of children was established.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ Consequently, children began to be targeted by an increasing number of publications.Commercial appeals to children, however, did not become commonplace until the advent and widespread adoption of television and grew exponentially with the advent of cable television.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Ovo-lacto vegetarianism __knowledge__ An ovo-lacto vegetarian or lacto-ovo vegetarian is a vegetarian who does not eat meat, but does consume some animal products such as eggs and dairy.", "Ovo-lacto vegetarianism __knowledge__ Unlike pescatarians, they do not consume fish or other seafood.", "Ovo-lacto vegetarianism __knowledge__ A typical ovo-lacto vegetarian diet can include fruits, vegetables, grains, nuts, seeds, herbs, roots, fungi, milk, cheese, yogurt, kefir, and eggs.", "Ovo-lacto vegetarianism __knowledge__ The terminology stems from the Latin \"\" meaning \"milk\" (as in 'lactation'), \"\" meaning \"egg\", and the English term \"vegetarian\", so as giving the definition of a vegetarian diet containing milk and eggs.", "Ovo-lacto vegetarianism __knowledge__ In the Western world, ovo-lacto vegetarians are the most common type of vegetarian.", "2008 Chinese milk scandal __knowledge__ The 2008 Chinese milk scandal was a widespread food safety incident in China.", "2008 Chinese milk scandal __knowledge__ The scandal involved milk and infant formula along with other food materials and components being adulterated with melamine.", "2008 Chinese milk scandal __knowledge__ A Fonterra director had given San Lu management a document detailing the European Union's permitted levels of melamine, but Fonterra chief executive Andrew Ferrier has stated that at no time did Fonterra say small amounts of melamine were acceptable.", "2008 Chinese milk scandal __knowledge__ Of an estimated 300,000 victims in China, six babies died from kidney stones and other kidney damage and an estimated 54,000 babies were hospitalized.", "Lacto vegetarianism __knowledge__ A lacto vegetarian (sometimes referred to as a lactarian; from the Latin root lact-, \"milk\") diet is a diet that includes vegetables as well as dairy products such as milk, cheese, yogurt, butter, ghee, cream, and kefir, but excludes eggs.", "Lacto vegetarianism __knowledge__ In India, lacto vegetarian is considered synonymous to vegetarian, while eating eggs is considered a form of non-vegetarian diet.", "Lacto vegetarianism __knowledge__ The concept and practice of lacto-vegetarianism among a significant number of people comes from ancient India.", "Lacto vegetarianism __knowledge__ In other parts of the world, vegetarianism generally refers to ovo lacto vegetarianism instead, allowing eggs into the diet.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ This article deals with vegetarianism and veganism by country, comparing the prevalence of vegetarianism and veganism in each country when sources are available by the number of vegetarians and vegans, and listing food standards, laws and general cultural attitudes.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ Some countries have strong cultural or religious traditions that promote vegetarianism, such as in India, while in other countries secular ethical concerns dominate, including animal rights and environmental protection, along with health concerns.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ In many countries, food labeling laws make it easier for vegetarians to identify foods compatible with their diets.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is strongly linked with a number of religions that originated in ancient India (Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism).", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ In Jainism, vegetarianism is mandatory for everyone; in Hinduism and Mahayana Buddhism, it is advocated by some influential scriptures and religious authorities.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Comparatively, in the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam), the Bahá'í Faith and Dharmic religions such as Sikhism, vegetarianism is not promoted by mainstream authorities, although in all these faiths there are small groups actively promoting vegetarianism on religious grounds.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Most Indian religions have philosophical schools that forbid consumption of meat and Jainism institutes an outright ban on the same." ] ]

[ 2, 1, 3 ]

[ "People that practice ovo vegantarianism are called \"eggtarians\".", "They eat eggs but not dairy products which is lacto vegantarianism.", "The word \"ovo\" is derived from the Latin word for egg." ]

[ "Ovo vegetarianism", "Ovo vegetarianism", "Ovo vegetarianism" ]

[ "Night owl (person)", "Yes, I really am a night owl. I usually stay up too late and am tired the next day.", "I would not consider myself an early bird, besides the weekdays when I have to get up early to go to work. I am not disciplined in going to bed early." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ A night owl, evening person or simply owl, is a person who tends to stay up until late at night.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ The opposite of a night owl is an early bird, a lark as opposed to owl, someone who tends to begin sleeping at a time that is considered early and also wakes early.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ In several countries, especially in Scandinavia, early birds are called \"A-people\" and night owls are called \"B-people\".", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Researchers traditionally use the terms \"morningness\" and \"eveningness\" for the two chronotypes or diurnality and nocturnality in animal behavior.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ The term is derived from the primarily nocturnal habits of the owl.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Usually, people who are night owls stay awake past midnight and extreme night owls may stay awake until just before or after dawn.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Night owls tend to feel most energetic just before they go to sleep at night.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Some night owls have a preference or habit for staying up late, or stay up to work the night shift.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Night owls who work the day shift often have difficulties adapting to standard day-time working hours.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Researchers have found that the genetic make-up of the circadian timing system underpins the difference between early and late chronotypes, early birds and night owls.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Some night owls who have great difficulty adopting normal sleeping and waking times may have delayed sleep-phase disorder." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ A night owl, evening person or simply owl, is a person who tends to stay up until late at night.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ The opposite of a night owl is an early bird, a lark as opposed to owl, someone who tends to begin sleeping at a time that is considered early and also wakes early.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ In several countries, especially in Scandinavia, early birds are called \"A-people\" and night owls are called \"B-people\".", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Researchers traditionally use the terms \"morningness\" and \"eveningness\" for the two chronotypes or diurnality and nocturnality in animal behavior.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ The term is derived from the primarily nocturnal habits of the owl.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Usually, people who are night owls stay awake past midnight and extreme night owls may stay awake until just before or after dawn.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Night owls tend to feel most energetic just before they go to sleep at night.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Some night owls have a preference or habit for staying up late, or stay up to work the night shift.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Night owls who work the day shift often have difficulties adapting to standard day-time working hours.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Researchers have found that the genetic make-up of the circadian timing system underpins the difference between early and late chronotypes, early birds and night owls.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Some night owls who have great difficulty adopting normal sleeping and waking times may have delayed sleep-phase disorder.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ \"Regular Show\" is an American animated series created by J. G. Quintel.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ The series contains many characters, with seven main characters and various recurring and one-time characters.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai (voiced by J. G. Quintel) is a 5'10\" anthropomorphic blue jay (6' including the crest) who works as a groundskeeper at The Park.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ He has been best friends with Rigby ever since childhood, and together they are very lazy and constantly slack off at their jobs there.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai is more conscientious, mature, and moral about his actions than Rigby is, which sometimes leads to his opposing Rigby when he is the cause of some kind of chaotic problem.", "Night Owl (train) __knowledge__ The Night Owl was a passenger train operated by Amtrak on the Northeast Corridor between Washington, D.C., and Boston, Massachusetts, via New York City.", "Night Owl (train) __knowledge__ It operated from 1972 to 1995 on an overnight schedule with sleeper service; it was the only such train on the Northeast Corridor.", "Night Owl (train) __knowledge__ In 1995 Amtrak dropped most individual train names from its Northeast Corridor services and the \"Night Owl\" became another \"NortheastDirect\" service, but still on an overnight schedule.", "Night Owl (train) __knowledge__ Amtrak replaced it with the \"Twilight Shoreliner\" in 1997.", "Night Owl (train) __knowledge__ At first Amtrak did not feature overnight service on the Northeast Corridor.", "Night Owl (James Taylor song) __knowledge__ \"Night Owl\" is a song written by James Taylor that was originally released as a single by Taylor's band the Flying Machine, which also included Danny Kortchmar in 1967.", "Night Owl (James Taylor song) __knowledge__ Taylor later rerecorded a solo version of the song for his Apple Records debut album \"James Taylor\" in 1968.", "Night Owl (James Taylor song) __knowledge__ Subsequently, the Flying Machine version was released on the album \"James Taylor and the Original Flying Machine\".", "Night Owl (James Taylor song) __knowledge__ It has also been covered by such artists as Alex Taylor, Carly Simon and Anne Murray.", "Night Owl (James Taylor song) __knowledge__ \"Night Owl\" was inspired by the Night Owl Cafe in Greenwich Village in New York City, where the Flying Machine often performed.", "1990 Back Bay, Massachusetts train collision __knowledge__ The 1990 Back Bay, Massachusetts train collision was a collision between an Amtrak passenger train, the \"Night Owl\", and a Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) Stoughton Line commuter train just outside Back Bay station in Boston, Massachusetts.", "1990 Back Bay, Massachusetts train collision __knowledge__ An investigation by the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) found that the Amtrak train entered a speed-restricted curve at excessive speed, causing the train to derail and crash into the MBTA commuter train on an adjoining track.", "1990 Back Bay, Massachusetts train collision __knowledge__ Although no one was killed in the accident, 453 people were injured and Back Bay station was closed for six days.", "Gerry Rafferty __knowledge__ Gerald Rafferty (16 April 1947 – 4 January 2011) was a Scottish singer-songwriter known for his solo hits \"Baker Street\", \"Right Down the Line\" and \"Night Owl\", as well as \"Stuck in the Middle with You\" recorded with the band Stealers Wheel.", "Gerry Rafferty __knowledge__ Rafferty was born into a working-class family in Paisley, Renfrewshire, Scotland.", "Gerry Rafferty __knowledge__ His mother taught him both Irish and Scottish folk songs as a boy; later, he was influenced by the music of The Beatles and Bob Dylan.", "Gerry Rafferty __knowledge__ He joined the folk-pop group The Humblebums in 1969.", "Gerry Rafferty __knowledge__ After they disbanded in 1971, he recorded his first solo album, \"Can I Have My Money Back?\"", "List of Marvel Family enemies (N–Z) __knowledge__ Through his adventures, Fawcett Comics/DC Comics superhero Captain Marvel and his Marvel Family gained a host of enemies, including the following: Only appearing in \"Captain Marvel Adventures\" #139.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (N–Z) __knowledge__ Niatpac Levram was the creation of the devilish Wizzo the Wizard!", "List of Marvel Family enemies (N–Z) __knowledge__ The wizard created Levram as a mirror duplicate of Captain Marvel by casting a spell and animating Cap's image from a mirror.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (N–Z) __knowledge__ Wizzo used Niatpac Levram to wreak havoc on Captain Marvel's city for the sole purpose of graduating from the School of Black Magicians!", "List of Marvel Family enemies (N–Z) __knowledge__ Cap was able to defeat Wizzo and send Nia back to the mirror universe!", "List of Marvel Family enemies (N–Z) __knowledge__ 1948, \"Mary Marvel\" #24.", "Barn owl __knowledge__ The barn owl (\"Tyto alba\") is the most widely distributed species of owl and one of the most widespread of all birds.", "Barn owl __knowledge__ It is also referred to as the common barn owl, to distinguish it from other species in its family, Tytonidae, which forms one of the two main lineages of living owls, the other being the typical owls (Strigidae).", "Barn owl __knowledge__ The barn owl is found almost everywhere in the world except polar and desert regions, Asia north of the Himalayas, most of Indonesia, and some Pacific islands.", "Barn owl __knowledge__ Phylogenetic evidence shows that there are at least three major lineages of barn owl, one in Europe, western Asia and Africa, one in southeast Asia and Australasia, and one in the Americas, and some highly divergent taxa on islands.", "Great horned owl __knowledge__ The great horned owl (\"Bubo virginianus\"), also known as the tiger owl (originally derived from early naturalists' description as the \"winged tiger\" or \"tiger of the air\") or the hoot owl, is a large owl native to the Americas.", "Great horned owl __knowledge__ It is an extremely adaptable bird with a vast range and is the most widely distributed true owl in the Americas.", "Great horned owl __knowledge__ Its primary diet is rabbits and hares, rats and mice and voles, although it freely hunts any animal it can overtake, including rodents and other small mammals, larger mid-sized mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and invertebrates.", "Great horned owl __knowledge__ In ornithological study, the great horned owl is often compared to the Eurasian eagle-owl (\"Bubo bubo\"), a closely related species which, despite the latter's notably larger size, occupies the same ecological niche in Eurasia, and the red-tailed hawk (\"Buteo jamaicensis\"), with which it often shares similar habitat, prey and nesting habits by day and is thus something of a diurnal ecological equivalent." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ A night owl, evening person or simply owl, is a person who tends to stay up until late at night.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ The opposite of a night owl is an early bird, a lark as opposed to owl, someone who tends to begin sleeping at a time that is considered early and also wakes early.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ In several countries, especially in Scandinavia, early birds are called \"A-people\" and night owls are called \"B-people\".", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Researchers traditionally use the terms \"morningness\" and \"eveningness\" for the two chronotypes or diurnality and nocturnality in animal behavior.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ The term is derived from the primarily nocturnal habits of the owl.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Usually, people who are night owls stay awake past midnight and extreme night owls may stay awake until just before or after dawn.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Night owls tend to feel most energetic just before they go to sleep at night.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Some night owls have a preference or habit for staying up late, or stay up to work the night shift.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Night owls who work the day shift often have difficulties adapting to standard day-time working hours.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Researchers have found that the genetic make-up of the circadian timing system underpins the difference between early and late chronotypes, early birds and night owls.", "Night owl (person) __knowledge__ Some night owls who have great difficulty adopting normal sleeping and waking times may have delayed sleep-phase disorder.", "Sally M. Walker __knowledge__ Sally M. Walker (born October 16, 1954) is an American writer of nonfiction for children.", "Sally M. Walker __knowledge__ She is best known for writing about scientific subject matter such as Fossil Fish Found Alive: Discovering the Coelacanth (2005) or Written in Bone: Buried Lives of Jamestown and Colonial Maryland (2009).", "Sally M. Walker __knowledge__ Additionally Walker is known for books written in both Spanish and English (bilingual books) as seen in La Luz/Light (2007) and La Electricidad/Electricity (2007).", "Sally M. Walker __knowledge__ She is also known as Sally Fleming, Sally MacArt Walker, and Sally Macart Walker.", "Sally M. Walker __knowledge__ She was born in East Orange, New Jersey, in 1954 and now lives in DeKalb, Illinois.", "K-Rockathon __knowledge__ K-Rockathon is an annual music festival held in the Central New York region of New York sponsored by Galaxy Communications-owned radio stations WKLL/WKRL-FM/WKRH.", "K-Rockathon __knowledge__ These concerts have been held at venues in Vernon, Syracuse, Oswego, Utica, and Weedsport, NY.", "K-Rockathon __knowledge__ Local bands are showcased at the event along with nationally-touring rock music acts.", "K-Rockathon __knowledge__ Since its inception, the K-Rockathon has showcased many subgenres of rock music from alternative rock, to rap rock, to straight metal.", "K-Rockathon __knowledge__ The K-Rockathon began in 1996 when modern rock-formatted radio stations WKRL-FM in Syracuse, WKRH in Minetto and WKLL in Frankfort felt they needed to throw a party for all of their listeners, where rock music fans in Central New York could listen to some of their favorite bands.", "Sad Clowns & Hillbillies __knowledge__ Sad Clowns & Hillbillies is the 23rd studio album by American singer-songwriter and musician John Mellencamp.", "Sad Clowns & Hillbillies __knowledge__ It was released on April 28, 2017 by Republic Records.", "Sad Clowns & Hillbillies __knowledge__ The album features significant contributions from Carlene Carter, who worked with Mellencamp on \"Ghost Brothers of Darkland County\", his musical collaboration with Stephen King, and \"Ithaca\", the movie he scored for girlfriend Meg Ryan.", "Sad Clowns & Hillbillies __knowledge__ Carter opened every show of Mellencamp's 2015–2016 Plain Spoken Tour.", "Sad Clowns & Hillbillies __knowledge__ Mellencamp and Carter gave the first glimpse into the project by debuting two songs (\"Indigo Sunset\" and \"My Soul's Got Wings\") live during their 2016 concerts, and Mellencamp dropped \"Easy Target,\" his \"reflection on the state of our country\", on January 19, 2017 – the eve of the 2017 Presidential Inauguration.", "NBA salary cap __knowledge__ The NBA salary cap is the limit to the total amount of money that National Basketball Association teams are allowed to pay their players.", "NBA salary cap __knowledge__ Like many professional sports leagues, the NBA has a salary cap to control costs, defined by the league's collective bargaining agreement (CBA).", "NBA salary cap __knowledge__ This limit is subject to a complex system of rules and exceptions and as such is considered a \"soft\" cap and is calculated as a percentage of the league's revenue from the previous season.", "NBA salary cap __knowledge__ Under the CBA ratified in December 2011, the cap will continue to vary in future seasons based on league revenues.", "NBA salary cap __knowledge__ For the 2015–16 season, the salary cap was $70 million and the luxury tax limit was $84.74 million.", "Alfa Romeo Avio __knowledge__ The Alfa Romeo Avio was an Italian aviation company producing aircraft engines active since 1941.", "Alfa Romeo Avio __knowledge__ It was founded as a division of Alfa Romeo but was sold to Aeritalia in 1986 and then to Fiat in 1996.", "Alfa Romeo Avio __knowledge__ It was merged with Fiat Avio in 2003 as Avio S.p.A..", "Alfa Romeo Avio __knowledge__ The first Alfa Romeo engine used on an airplane was installed in 1910.", "Alfa Romeo Avio __knowledge__ Designed and created by designer Antonio Santoni and Alfa Romeo driver Nino Franchini, the airplane was equipped with the engine from a ALFA 24 HP designed by Giuseppe Merosi with a maximum power of .", "Alfa Romeo Avio __knowledge__ The Santoni-Franchini biplane made its first flight on 1 November 1910 in Milan, taking off from Baggio and landing in San Siro.", "The Early Bird Show __knowledge__ The Early Bird Show was an Australian children's television show that aired on Network Ten in Australia from 26 January 1985 until 10 June 1989.", "The Early Bird Show __knowledge__ The show was so popular that a magazine about it was published in 1989.", "The Early Bird Show __knowledge__ Produced by Dixie Duncan and directed by Spencer Wilson, Ray McKenna and Bob Loxton, the Early Bird Show was hosted by Australian rock singer Darryl Cotton Marie Van Maaren and Marty The Monster.", "The Early Bird Show __knowledge__ \"The Early Bird Show\", an extremely popular family and children's variety show, was a live, five-hour production on air from 7am - 12pm every Saturday.", "The Early Bird Show __knowledge__ The show included many popular regulars including, Roy Hampson ( Good Morning Melbourne co-Host with Annette Allison) as the 'professor' Liane Scurrah-Jonas VFL/AFL injury prevention fitness trainer, Author, breakfast announcer& talkback radio, Pilates and Aerobics trainer) 'fun & fitness', Simon 'pancake breakfasts' Fritz (Animal nature park owner) and his animals, Rosemary (Dance School owner and teacher) and her EBS dancers, Colin Beaumont, (entertainer & Musician) remote control car segment, Puppets Mr and Mrs Timms.", "Early bird dinner __knowledge__ Early bird dinner is a dinner served earlier than traditional dinner hours, particularly at a restaurant.", "Early bird dinner __knowledge__ Many establishments offer a seating prior to their main dinner seating with a reduced price menu, often more limited in selection than the standard dinner menu.", "Early bird dinner __knowledge__ Some restaurants offer specific meals or meal options which are sometimes referred to as early bird specials.", "Early bird dinner __knowledge__ It was first used for a clothing sale in 1904 and then in restaurants in the 1920's.", "Early bird dinner __knowledge__ The hours which are deemed as \"early bird\" hours differ, depending on the locale and the establishment.", "Early bird dinner __knowledge__ 3:30, 4:00 or 4:30pm are common end times for early bird seating.", "Lark (person) __knowledge__ A lark, early bird, morning person or, in Scandinavian countries, an A-person, is a person who usually gets up early in the morning and goes to bed early in the evening.", "Lark (person) __knowledge__ The lark (bird) starts its day very early, which explains the choice of the word lark for people who may sleep from around 10 p.m. to 6 a.m. or earlier.", "Lark (person) __knowledge__ Human \"larks\" tend to feel most energetic just after they get up in the morning.", "Lark (person) __knowledge__ They are thus well-suited for working the day shift.", "Lark (person) __knowledge__ The opposite of the lark is the owl, often awake at night.", "Lark (person) __knowledge__ A person called a night owl is someone who usually stays up late and may feel most awake in the evening and at night.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ \"Regular Show\" is an American animated series created by J. G. Quintel.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ The series contains many characters, with seven main characters and various recurring and one-time characters.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai (voiced by J. G. Quintel) is a 5'10\" anthropomorphic blue jay (6' including the crest) who works as a groundskeeper at The Park.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ He has been best friends with Rigby ever since childhood, and together they are very lazy and constantly slack off at their jobs there.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai is more conscientious, mature, and moral about his actions than Rigby is, which sometimes leads to his opposing Rigby when he is the cause of some kind of chaotic problem.", "Sleep __knowledge__ Sleep is a naturally recurring state of mind and body, characterized by altered consciousness, relatively inhibited sensory activity, inhibition of nearly all voluntary muscles, and reduced interactions with surroundings.", "Sleep __knowledge__ It is distinguished from wakefulness by a decreased ability to react to stimuli, but is more easily reversed than the state of being comatose.", "Sleep __knowledge__ Sleep occurs in repeating periods, in which the body alternates between two distinct modes known as non-REM and REM sleep.", "Sleep __knowledge__ Although REM stands for \"rapid eye movement\", this mode of sleep has many other aspects, including virtual paralysis of the body.", "Night Owl (train) __knowledge__ The Night Owl was a passenger train operated by Amtrak on the Northeast Corridor between Washington, D.C., and Boston, Massachusetts, via New York City.", "Night Owl (train) __knowledge__ It operated from 1972 to 1995 on an overnight schedule with sleeper service; it was the only such train on the Northeast Corridor.", "Night Owl (train) __knowledge__ In 1995 Amtrak dropped most individual train names from its Northeast Corridor services and the \"Night Owl\" became another \"NortheastDirect\" service, but still on an overnight schedule.", "Night Owl (train) __knowledge__ Amtrak replaced it with the \"Twilight Shoreliner\" in 1997.", "Night Owl (train) __knowledge__ At first Amtrak did not feature overnight service on the Northeast Corridor.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3 ]

[ "Are you a night owl? do you tend to stay up until late at night?", "Me too..I just can't go to sleep early it seems. The opposite of a night owl is a early bird. someone who wakes early and goes to bed early. ", "In many different countries especially Scandinavia early birds are called \"A people\" and night owls are called \"B people\"" ]

[ "Night owl (person)", "Night owl (person)", "Night owl (person)" ]

[ "Basketball", "I watch it very rarely, but I'm familiar with it. Do you know anything about the Los Angeles Lakers?", "Wow that's probably a long time then, when did the National Basketball Association first form?", "Such a young sport roughly speaking, do you know anything else about James Naismith?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Basketball __knowledge__ Basketball is a limited-contact sport played on a rectangular court.", "Basketball __knowledge__ While most often played as a team sport with five players on each side, three-on-three, two-on-two, and one-on-one competitions are also common.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop in diameter and high that is mounted to a backboard at each end of the court.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The game was invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket being defended by the opposition team during regular play.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A field goal scores three points for the shooting team if the player shoots from behind the three-point line, and two points if shot from in front of the line.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A team can also score via free throws, which are worth one point, after the other team is assessed with certain fouls.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The team with the most points at the end of the game wins, but additional time (overtime) is mandated when the score is tied at the end of regulation.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The ball can be advanced on the court by passing it to a teammate, or by bouncing it while walking or running (dribbling).", "Basketball __knowledge__ It is a violation to lift, or drag, one's pivot foot without dribbling the ball, to carry it, or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Basketball __knowledge__ Basketball is a limited-contact sport played on a rectangular court.", "Basketball __knowledge__ While most often played as a team sport with five players on each side, three-on-three, two-on-two, and one-on-one competitions are also common.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop in diameter and high that is mounted to a backboard at each end of the court.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The game was invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket being defended by the opposition team during regular play.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A field goal scores three points for the shooting team if the player shoots from behind the three-point line, and two points if shot from in front of the line.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A team can also score via free throws, which are worth one point, after the other team is assessed with certain fouls.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The team with the most points at the end of the game wins, but additional time (overtime) is mandated when the score is tied at the end of regulation.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The ball can be advanced on the court by passing it to a teammate, or by bouncing it while walking or running (dribbling).", "Basketball __knowledge__ It is a violation to lift, or drag, one's pivot foot without dribbling the ball, to carry it, or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling.", "History of the Los Angeles Lakers __knowledge__ The Los Angeles Lakers franchise has a long and storied history, predating the formation of the National Basketball Association (NBA).", "History of the Los Angeles Lakers __knowledge__ Founded in 1947, the Lakers are one of the NBA's most famous and successful franchises.", "History of the Los Angeles Lakers __knowledge__ As of summer 2012, the Lakers hold the all-time records for wins (3,125), winning percentage (.620), and NBA Finals appearances (31).", "History of the Los Angeles Lakers __knowledge__ They are second in NBA championships only to the Boston Celtics, winning 16 championships to the Celtics 17 NBA titles.", "History of the Los Angeles Lakers __knowledge__ Their rosters have included some of the game's greatest players, including George Mikan, Jim Pollard, Clyde Lovellette, Elgin Baylor, Jerry West, Wilt Chamberlain, Gail Goodrich, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Jamaal Wilkes, James Worthy, Magic Johnson, Shaquille O'Neal, and Kobe Bryant.", "Celtics–Lakers rivalry __knowledge__ The Celtics–Lakers rivalry is a National Basketball Association (NBA) rivalry between the Boston Celtics and the Los Angeles Lakers.", "Celtics–Lakers rivalry __knowledge__ Both the Celtics and the Lakers are the two most storied franchises in the NBA, and the rivalry has been called the best in the NBA.", "Celtics–Lakers rivalry __knowledge__ The Boston Celtics and the Los Angeles Lakers have met a record 12 times in the NBA Finals, starting with their first Finals meeting in .", "Celtics–Lakers rivalry __knowledge__ They would both go on to dominate the league in the 1960s and 1980s, facing each other six times in the 1960s, three times in the 1980s, and two times in the late 2000s.", "Celtics–Lakers rivalry __knowledge__ The rivalry had been less intense since the retirements of Larry Bird and Magic Johnson in the early 1990s, but in it was renewed as the Celtics, led by the big three of Paul Pierce, Kevin Garnett, Ray Allen, and the Lakers, led by NBA MVP Kobe Bryant met in the Finals for the first time since , with the Celtics winning the series 4–2.", "Los Angeles Lakers __knowledge__ The Los Angeles Lakers are an American professional basketball team based in Los Angeles.", "Los Angeles Lakers __knowledge__ The Lakers compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA), as a member of the league's Western Conference Pacific Division.", "Los Angeles Lakers __knowledge__ The Lakers play their home games at Staples Center, an arena shared with the NBA's Los Angeles Clippers, the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women's National Basketball Association, and the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League.", "Los Angeles Lakers __knowledge__ The Lakers are one of the most successful teams in the history of the NBA, and have won 16 NBA championships, their last being in 2010.", "Los Angeles Lakers __knowledge__ As of 2017, the Lakers are the second most valuable franchise in the NBA according to \"Forbes\", having an estimated value of $3.0 billion.", "2012–13 Los Angeles Lakers season __knowledge__ The 2012–13 Los Angeles Lakers season was the 65th season of the franchise, its 64th season in the National Basketball Association (NBA), and its 53rd season in Los Angeles.", "2012–13 Los Angeles Lakers season __knowledge__ The Lakers acquired All-Stars Steve Nash and Dwight Howard, giving them a starting lineup of five All-Stars consisting of Kobe Bryant, Pau Gasol, Metta World Peace, Nash, and Howard, who were expected to contend for the franchise's 17th NBA championship, hoping to tie with their rivals, the Boston Celtics, for the most NBA Championships.", "2012–13 Los Angeles Lakers season __knowledge__ Instead, the Lakers struggled to qualify for the playoffs after changing head coaches and implementing multiple offenses.", "Philadelphia 76ers __knowledge__ The Philadelphia 76ers (also commonly known as the Sixers) are an American professional basketball team based in the Philadelphia metropolitan area.", "Philadelphia 76ers __knowledge__ The 76ers compete in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the league's Eastern Conference Atlantic Division and play at Wells Fargo Center.", "Philadelphia 76ers __knowledge__ Founded in 1946 and originally known as the Syracuse Nationals, they are one of the oldest franchises in the NBA, and one of only eight (out of 23) to survive the league's first decade.", "Philadelphia 76ers __knowledge__ The 76ers have had a rich history, with many of the greatest players in NBA history having played for the organization, including Wilt Chamberlain, Hal Greer, Billy Cunningham, Julius Erving, Moses Malone, Charles Barkley, and Allen Iverson.", "Wilt Chamberlain __knowledge__ Wilton Norman Chamberlain (August 21, 1936 – October 12, 1999) was an American basketball player.", "Wilt Chamberlain __knowledge__ He played for the Philadelphia/San Francisco Warriors, the Philadelphia 76ers, and the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA); he played for the University of Kansas and also for the Harlem Globetrotters before playing in the NBA.", "Wilt Chamberlain __knowledge__ The 7 foot 1 inch Chamberlain weighed 250 pounds as a rookie before bulking up to 275 and eventually to over 300 pounds with the Lakers.", "Wilt Chamberlain __knowledge__ He played the center position and is widely considered one of the greatest and most dominant players in NBA history.", "Jerry West __knowledge__ Jerry Alan West (born May 28, 1938) is an American retired basketball player who played his entire professional career for the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association (NBA).", "Jerry West __knowledge__ His nicknames included Mr.", "Jerry West __knowledge__ Clutch, for his ability to make a big play in a clutch situation, such as his famous buzzer-beating 60-foot shot that tied Game 3 of the 1970 NBA Finals against the New York Knicks; The Logo, in reference to his silhouette being incorporated into the NBA logo; Mr. Outside, in reference to his perimeter play with the Los Angeles Lakers; and Zeke from Cabin Creek, for the creek near his birthplace of Chelyan, West Virginia.", "David Falk __knowledge__ David B. Falk (born 1950) is an American sports agent who primarily works with basketball players in the National Basketball Association.", "David Falk __knowledge__ Falk began his career representing professional tennis players for Donald Dell's ProServ and is best known for representing sports icon Michael Jordan for the entirety of Jordan's career.", "David Falk __knowledge__ Besides Jordan, Falk has represented more than 100 other NBA players, and is generally considered to be the most influential player agent the NBA has seen.", "David Falk __knowledge__ During the peak years of Falk's career in the 1990s, he was often considered the second-most powerful person in the NBA behind Commissioner David Stern, and in 2000 he had at least one client on all but two NBA teams.", "Netball __knowledge__ Netball is a ball sport played by two teams of seven players.", "Netball __knowledge__ Its development, derived from early versions of basketball, began in England in the 1890s.", "Netball __knowledge__ By 1960, international playing rules had been standardised for the game, and the International Federation of Netball and Women's Basketball (later renamed the International Netball Federation (INF)) was formed.", "Netball __knowledge__ As of 2011, the INF comprises more than 60 national teams organized into five global regions.", "Netball __knowledge__ Games are played on a rectangular court with raised goal rings at each end.", "Netball __knowledge__ Each team attempts to score goals by passing a ball down the court and shooting it through its goal ring.", "Battle of Hat Dich __knowledge__ The Battle of Hat Dich (3 December 1968 − 19 February 1969) was a series of military actions fought between Australian and New Zealand forces of the 1st Australian Task Force (1 ATF) and the North Vietnamese Army and Viet Cong during the Vietnam War.", "Battle of Hat Dich __knowledge__ Under the codename Operation Goodwood, two battalions from 1 ATF deployed away from their base in Phuoc Tuy Province, operating against suspected communist bases in the Hat Dich area, in western Phuoc Tuy, south-eastern Bien Hoa and south-western Long Khanh provinces as part of a large allied sweep known as Operation Toan Thang II.", "Battle of Hat Dich __knowledge__ The Australians and New Zealanders conducted sustained patrolling throughout the Hat Dich and extensively ambushed tracks and river systems in the Rung Sat Special Zone, occupying a series of fire support bases as operations expanded.", "Architecture of Kerala __knowledge__ Kerala architecture is a kind of architectural style that is mostly found in Indian state of Kerala and all the architectural wonders of kerala stands out to be ultimate testmonials for the ancient vishwakarma sthapathis of kerala.", "Architecture of Kerala __knowledge__ Kerala's style of architecture is unique in India, in its striking contrast to Dravidian architecture which is normally practiced in other parts of South India.", "Architecture of Kerala __knowledge__ The architecture of Kerala has been influenced by Dravidian and Indian Vedic architectural science (Vastu Shastra) over two millennium.", "Architecture of Kerala __knowledge__ The Tantrasamuchaya, Thachu-Shastra, Manushyalaya-Chandrika and Silparatna are important architectural sciences, which have had a strong impact in Kerala Architecture style.", "Buda Castle __knowledge__ Buda Castle (, ) is the historical castle and palace complex of the Hungarian kings in Budapest.", "Buda Castle __knowledge__ It was first completed in 1265, but the massive Baroque palace today occupying most of the site was built between 1749 and 1769.", "Buda Castle __knowledge__ The complex in the past was referred to as either the Royal Palace () or the Royal Castle (, ).", "Buda Castle __knowledge__ Buda Castle sits on the south tip of Castle Hill, bounded on the north by what is known as the Castle District (), which is famous for medieval, Baroque and 19th-century houses, churches and public buildings.", "Buda Castle __knowledge__ The hill is linked to Clark Ádám Square and the Széchenyi Chain Bridge by the Castle Hill Funicular.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ India is home to a diverse population playing many different sports across the country.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ Football is a popular sport in some of the Indian states.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ India has won all the Kabaddi World Cups to date.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ The country has won eight Olympic gold medals in field hockey.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ However, cricket is the most popular sport in India.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ Kabaddi, an indigenous sport is popular in rural India.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ Several games originated in India including chess, snooker and other regional games.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ India has won medals in badminton, kabaddi, hockey and many other sports and disciplines.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ Recently, different forms of martial arts have also gained a lot of prominence in India." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Basketball __knowledge__ Basketball is a limited-contact sport played on a rectangular court.", "Basketball __knowledge__ While most often played as a team sport with five players on each side, three-on-three, two-on-two, and one-on-one competitions are also common.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop in diameter and high that is mounted to a backboard at each end of the court.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The game was invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket being defended by the opposition team during regular play.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A field goal scores three points for the shooting team if the player shoots from behind the three-point line, and two points if shot from in front of the line.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A team can also score via free throws, which are worth one point, after the other team is assessed with certain fouls.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The team with the most points at the end of the game wins, but additional time (overtime) is mandated when the score is tied at the end of regulation.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The ball can be advanced on the court by passing it to a teammate, or by bouncing it while walking or running (dribbling).", "Basketball __knowledge__ It is a violation to lift, or drag, one's pivot foot without dribbling the ball, to carry it, or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling.", "Wang Zhizhi __knowledge__ Wang Zhizhi (, pronounced ; born 8 July 1977) is a retired Chinese professional basketball player who most recently played for Bayi Rockets in the Chinese Basketball Association.", "Wang Zhizhi __knowledge__ He also played in the National Basketball Association for the Dallas Mavericks, Los Angeles Clippers, and Miami Heat.", "Wang Zhizhi __knowledge__ The son of two former basketball players, Wang Zhizhi started playing basketball at the age of 8, and when he was 14 his parents signed him to the People's Liberation Army, finding there the best coaching and facilities in China.", "Wang Zhizhi __knowledge__ He grew up watching weekly NBA game broadcasts in the Beijing television, idolizing Hakeem Olajuwon and Charles Barkley.", "National Basketball Association __knowledge__ The National Basketball Association (NBA) is a men's professional basketball league in North America; composed of 30 teams (29 in the United States and 1 in Canada).", "National Basketball Association __knowledge__ It is widely considered to be the premier men's professional basketball league in the world.", "National Basketball Association __knowledge__ The NBA is an active member of USA Basketball (USAB), which is recognized by FIBA (also known as the International Basketball Federation) as the national governing body for basketball in the United States.", "National Basketball Association __knowledge__ The NBA is one of the four major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada.", "National Basketball Association __knowledge__ NBA players are the world's best paid athletes by average annual salary per player.", "Lithuania men's national basketball team __knowledge__ The Lithuania men's national basketball team (Lithuanian: \"Lietuvos nacionalinė vyrų krepšinio rinktinė\") participates in FIBA's competitions.", "Lithuania men's national basketball team __knowledge__ Despite Lithuania's small size, with a population of just almost 2.9 million, the country's devotion to basketball has made them a traditional force of the sport in Europe.", "Lithuania men's national basketball team __knowledge__ The Lithuanian team won the last EuroBasket tournaments prior to World War II, in 1937 and 1939.", "Lithuania men's national basketball team __knowledge__ The 1939 team was led by Frank Lubin, who helped popularize basketball in the country and was called the \"grandfather of Lithuanian basketball\".", "Lithuania men's national basketball team __knowledge__ Following the country's annexation by the Soviet Union during the war, Lithuanian players frequently formed the core of the Soviet national team.", "Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada __knowledge__ The major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada are the highest professional competitions of team sports in those countries.", "Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada __knowledge__ The four leagues universally included in the definition are Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Basketball Association (NBA), the National Football League (NFL), and the National Hockey League (NHL).", "Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada __knowledge__ Other prominent leagues include Major League Soccer (MLS) and the Canadian Football League (CFL).", "Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada __knowledge__ The MLB, NBA, NFL and NHL are commonly referred to as the \"Big 4\".", "Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada __knowledge__ Each of these is the wealthiest professional club competition in its sport worldwide, and along with the English Premier League they make up the top five sports leagues by revenue in the world.", "Adelaide 36ers __knowledge__ The Adelaide 36ers (also well known as the Sixers) are an Australian professional men's basketball team that competes in the National Basketball League (NBL).", "Adelaide 36ers __knowledge__ The 36ers are the only team in the league representing the state of South Australia and are based in the state capital, Adelaide.", "Adelaide 36ers __knowledge__ The club was originally called the Adelaide City Eagles when they joined the NBL in 1982, but changed their name to the 36ers the following year.", "Adelaide 36ers __knowledge__ The 36ers nickname comes from the fact that the Colony of South Australia was officially proclaimed on 28 December 1836.", "Adelaide 36ers __knowledge__ They play their home games at the Titanium Security Arena in the suburb of Findon, known as the \"Brett Maher Court\" within the NBL.", "Continental Basketball Association __knowledge__ The Continental Basketball Association (CBA) was a professional men's basketball minor league in the United States.", "Continental Basketball Association __knowledge__ For most of its existence the CBA was the second-tier of men's professional basketball in the United States behind the National Basketball Association (NBA).", "Continental Basketball Association __knowledge__ The NBA formed a working agreement to develop players and referees in the CBA during the 1980s.", "Continental Basketball Association __knowledge__ Until the NBA formed the National Basketball Development League (now known as the NBA Gatorade League) in 2001, the CBA served as the official minor league to the NBA.", "Continental Basketball Association __knowledge__ The Continental Basketball Association was a professional basketball minor league from 1946 to 2009.", "Lauren Jackson __knowledge__ Lauren Elizabeth Jackson (born 11 May 1981) is an Australian former professional basketball player.", "Lauren Jackson __knowledge__ The daughter of two national basketball team players, Jackson was awarded a scholarship to the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS) in 1997, when she was 16.", "Lauren Jackson __knowledge__ In 1998, she led the AIS side that won the Women's National Basketball League (WNBL) championship.", "Lauren Jackson __knowledge__ Jackson joined the Canberra Capitals for the 1999 season when she turned 18, and played with the team off and on until 2006, winning four more WNBL championships.", "Lauren Jackson __knowledge__ From 2010 to 2016, Jackson played with the Canberra Capitals, which she did during the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) offseason during the time she continued WNBA play.", "Sports in New York City __knowledge__ Sports in New York City have a long and distinguished history.", "Sports in New York City __knowledge__ New York City is home to the headquarters of the National Football League, the National Hockey League, the National Basketball Association, Major League Baseball, Minor league baseball, women's national soccer league, and Major League Soccer.", "Sports in New York City __knowledge__ The New York metropolitan area is one of only two cities (along with the Los Angeles metropolitan area) in the United States with more than one team in each of the four major professional sports leagues, with nine such franchises.", "Sports in New York City __knowledge__ Counting these along with its two teams in Major League Soccer, New York has a total of eleven sports teams in the five most important professional sports leagues in the United States." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Basketball __knowledge__ Basketball is a limited-contact sport played on a rectangular court.", "Basketball __knowledge__ While most often played as a team sport with five players on each side, three-on-three, two-on-two, and one-on-one competitions are also common.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop in diameter and high that is mounted to a backboard at each end of the court.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The game was invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket being defended by the opposition team during regular play.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A field goal scores three points for the shooting team if the player shoots from behind the three-point line, and two points if shot from in front of the line.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A team can also score via free throws, which are worth one point, after the other team is assessed with certain fouls.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The team with the most points at the end of the game wins, but additional time (overtime) is mandated when the score is tied at the end of regulation.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The ball can be advanced on the court by passing it to a teammate, or by bouncing it while walking or running (dribbling).", "Basketball __knowledge__ It is a violation to lift, or drag, one's pivot foot without dribbling the ball, to carry it, or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling.", "James Naismith __knowledge__ James Naismith (November 6, 1861 – November 28, 1939) was a Canadian-American physical educator, physician, chaplain, sports coach and innovator.", "James Naismith __knowledge__ He invented the game of basketball at age 30 in 1891.", "James Naismith __knowledge__ He wrote the original basketball rule book and founded the University of Kansas basketball program.", "James Naismith __knowledge__ Naismith lived to see basketball adopted as an Olympic demonstration sport in 1904 and as an official event at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, as well as the birth of the National Invitation Tournament (1938) and the NCAA Tournament (1939).", "James Naismith __knowledge__ Born in Canada, Naismith studied physical education at McGill University in Montreal before moving to the United States, where he designed the game in late 1891 while teaching at the International YMCA Training School in Springfield, Massachusetts.", "Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball __knowledge__ The Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball program is the intercollegiate men's basketball program of the University of Kansas.", "Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball __knowledge__ The program is classified in the NCAA's Division I and the team competes in the Big 12 Conference.", "Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball __knowledge__ The Jayhawks' first coach was the inventor of the game, James Naismith, who is the only coach in the program's history with a losing record.", "Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball __knowledge__ The Kansas basketball program has produced many notable professional players, including Clyde Lovellette, Wilt Chamberlain, Jo Jo White, Danny Manning, Raef LaFrentz, Paul Pierce, Nick Collison, Kirk Hinrich, Mario Chalmers, Andrew Wiggins, Joel Embiid.", "College basketball __knowledge__ College basketball today is governed by collegiate athletic bodies including the United States' National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA), the United States Collegiate Athletic Association (USCAA), the National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA), and the National Christian College Athletic Association (NCCAA).", "College basketball __knowledge__ Governing bodies in Canada include U Sports and the Canadian Collegiate Athletic Association (CCAA).", "College basketball __knowledge__ Each of these various organizations are subdivided into from one to three divisions based on the number and level of scholarships that may be provided to the athletes.", "History of basketball __knowledge__ The history of basketball began with its invention in 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts by Canadian physical education instructor James Naismith as a less injury-prone sport than football.", "History of basketball __knowledge__ The game became established fairly quickly and grew very popular as the 20th century progressed, first in America and then throughout the world.", "History of basketball __knowledge__ After basketball became established in American colleges, the professional game followed.", "History of basketball __knowledge__ The American National Basketball Association (NBA), established in 1946, grew to a multibillion-dollar enterprise by the end of the century, and basketball became an integral part of American culture.", "Texas Longhorns men's basketball __knowledge__ The Texas Longhorns men's basketball team represents The University of Texas at Austin in NCAA Division I intercollegiate men's basketball competition.", "Texas Longhorns men's basketball __knowledge__ The Longhorns currently compete in the Big 12 Conference.", "Texas Longhorns men's basketball __knowledge__ The University of Texas began varsity intercollegiate competition in men's basketball in 1906.", "Texas Longhorns men's basketball __knowledge__ The Longhorns rank 17th in total victories among all NCAA Division I college basketball programs and 25th in all-time win percentage among programs with at least 50 years in Division I, with an all-time win-loss record of 1759–1057 ().", "Texas Longhorns men's basketball __knowledge__ Among Big 12 Conference men's basketball programs, Texas is second only to Kansas in both all-time wins and all-time win percentage.", "Sports in Canada __knowledge__ Sports in Canada consist of a wide variety of games.", "Sports in Canada __knowledge__ The most common sports are ice hockey, lacrosse, football, soccer, basketball, curling and baseball, with ice hockey and lacrosse being the official winter and summer sports, respectively.", "Sports in Canada __knowledge__ Ice hockey, referred to as simply \"hockey\", is Canada's most prevalent winter sport, its most popular spectator sport, and its most successful sport in international competition.", "Sports in Canada __knowledge__ It is Canada's official national winter sport.", "Sports in Canada __knowledge__ Lacrosse, a sport with Indigenous origins, is Canada's oldest and official summer sport.", "Sports in Canada __knowledge__ Canadian football is Canada's second most popular spectator sport, being the most popular in the prairie provinces.", "History of Springfield, Massachusetts __knowledge__ Springfield, Massachusetts was founded in 1636 as \"Agawam\", the northernmost settlement of the Connecticut Colony.", "History of Springfield, Massachusetts __knowledge__ The settlement defected from Connecticut after four years, however, later joining forces with the coastal Massachusetts Bay Colony.", "History of Springfield, Massachusetts __knowledge__ The town changed its name to \"Springfield\", and changed the political boundaries among what later became New England States.", "History of Springfield, Massachusetts __knowledge__ The history of Springfield, Massachusetts springs in large part from its favorable geography, situated on a steep bluff overlooking the Connecticut River's confluence with three tributaries.", "History of Springfield, Massachusetts __knowledge__ It was an ancient Indian crossroad for two major trade routes: Boston-to-Albany and New York City-to-Montreal.", "Colchester Rubber Co. __knowledge__ Colchester Rubber Co. was a footwear brand manufactured by the Colchester Rubber Company.", "Colchester Rubber Co. __knowledge__ Colchester Rubber Co. was a footwear brand manufactured by the Colchester Rubber Company.", "Colchester Rubber Co. __knowledge__ The original Colchester Rubber Company, founded in 1888 at Colchester, Connecticut, USA, has come to be known for being the world’s first sneaker brand and inventing the “World’s First Basketball Sneakers”, which were created circa 1892.", "Colchester Rubber Co. __knowledge__ Colchester Rubber Co. brand is also the predecessor of the footwear brands, Keds which was created 1916 and Pro-Keds which was created in 1949, as, after the United States Rubber Company acquired Colchester Rubber Company in 1892, it went on to create the KEDS and PRO-KEDS brands." ] ]

[ 1, 11, 4, 13 ]

[ "Do you like basketball? It's played on a rectangular court and has minimal contact", "Well, I know that they have been around since before the National Basketball Association was formed", "I'm not sure but basketball was invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith. ", "I know that he wrote the original rulebook and founded the University of kansas basketball program" ]

[ "Basketball", "Basketball", "Basketball", "Basketball" ]

[ "Horse", "Horses are such beautiful creatures. I enjoy riding them, but it's been awhile.", "Yes, it is. It's amazing how much people and animals have evolved. They were used for many other purposes besides recreation years ago, correct?", "Yes, I was thinking more of around a couple of hundred years. When they were used for transportation and working the fields." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Horse __knowledge__ The horse (\"Equus ferus caballus\") is one of two extant subspecies of \"Equus ferus\".", "Horse __knowledge__ It is an odd-toed ungulate mammal belonging to the taxonomic family Equidae.", "Horse __knowledge__ The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, \"Eohippus\", into the large, single-toed animal of today.", "Horse __knowledge__ Humans began to domesticate horses around 4000 BC, and their domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BC.", "Horse __knowledge__ Horses in the subspecies \"caballus\" are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as feral horses.", "Horse __knowledge__ These feral populations are not true wild horses, as this term is used to describe horses that have never been domesticated, such as the endangered Przewalski's horse, a separate subspecies, and the only remaining true wild horse.", "Horse __knowledge__ There is an extensive, specialized vocabulary used to describe equine-related concepts, covering everything from anatomy to life stages, size, colors, markings, breeds, locomotion, and behavior.", "Horse __knowledge__ Horses' anatomy enables them to make use of speed to escape predators and they have a well-developed sense of balance and a strong fight-or-flight response.", "Horse __knowledge__ Related to this need to flee from predators in the wild is an unusual trait: horses are able to sleep both standing up and lying down, with younger horse tending to sleep significantly more than adults." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Horse __knowledge__ The horse (\"Equus ferus caballus\") is one of two extant subspecies of \"Equus ferus\".", "Horse __knowledge__ It is an odd-toed ungulate mammal belonging to the taxonomic family Equidae.", "Horse __knowledge__ The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, \"Eohippus\", into the large, single-toed animal of today.", "Horse __knowledge__ Humans began to domesticate horses around 4000 BC, and their domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BC.", "Horse __knowledge__ Horses in the subspecies \"caballus\" are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as feral horses.", "Horse __knowledge__ These feral populations are not true wild horses, as this term is used to describe horses that have never been domesticated, such as the endangered Przewalski's horse, a separate subspecies, and the only remaining true wild horse.", "Horse __knowledge__ There is an extensive, specialized vocabulary used to describe equine-related concepts, covering everything from anatomy to life stages, size, colors, markings, breeds, locomotion, and behavior.", "Horse __knowledge__ Horses' anatomy enables them to make use of speed to escape predators and they have a well-developed sense of balance and a strong fight-or-flight response.", "Horse __knowledge__ Related to this need to flee from predators in the wild is an unusual trait: horses are able to sleep both standing up and lying down, with younger horse tending to sleep significantly more than adults.", "Beautiful Creatures (band) __knowledge__ Beautiful Creatures (sometimes abbreviated as BC) are a hard rock band formed in 1999 by guitarist DJ Ashba.", "Beautiful Creatures (band) __knowledge__ and singer Joe Lesté of Bang Tango.", "Beautiful Creatures (band) __knowledge__ The group's current lineup is composed of Lesté (lead vocals), Alex Grossi (lead guitar), Anthony Focx (rhythm guitar), Kenny Kweens (bass) and Timmy Russell (drums).", "Beautiful Creatures (band) __knowledge__ Previously the group featured Michael Thomas and Glen Sobel among others while founder DJ Ashba is currently the lead guitarist for To date, Beautiful Creatures have released two albums – \"Beautiful Creatures\" (2001); \"Deuce\" (2005) and have had songs featured on soundtracks for films such as Valentine, Rollerball, The Proposal and also television series such as Smallville and Sons of Anarchy.", "Beautiful Creatures (2013 film) __knowledge__ Beautiful Creatures is a 2013 American romantic gothic fantasy film based upon the novel of the same name by Kami Garcia and Margaret Stohl.", "Beautiful Creatures (2013 film) __knowledge__ The film was written and directed by Richard LaGravenese and stars Alden Ehrenreich, Alice Englert, Jeremy Irons, Emma Thompson, Viola Davis, Emmy Rossum, Thomas Mann and Eileen Atkins.", "Beautiful Creatures (2013 film) __knowledge__ The film was released February 14, 2013.", "Beautiful Creatures (2013 film) __knowledge__ It received mixed reviews from critics and was a box office disappointment.", "Beautiful Creatures (2013 film) __knowledge__ In Gatlin, South Carolina, teenager Ethan Wate awakens from a recurring dream of a girl he does not know.", "Beautiful Creatures (2013 film) __knowledge__ In voice-over narration, he describes his enjoyment of reading banned books, his despair of his small-town existence, and his dreams of leaving Gatlin for college.", "Beautiful Creatures (album) __knowledge__ Beautiful Creatures is the debut studio album by American hard rock band Beautiful Creatures.", "Beautiful Creatures (album) __knowledge__ It was produced by Sean Beavan at Bay 7 Studios in Valley Village, Los Angeles, California, and was released on August 16, 2001, through Warner Bros. Records.", "Beautiful Creatures (album) __knowledge__ The album peaked at number 29 on the \"Billboard\" Top Heatseekers, while the single \"Wasted\" peaked at number 37 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks.", "Beautiful Creatures (album) __knowledge__ Following the release of the album, Beautiful Creatures went on to promote the album, performing at Ozzfest 2001, from June 8—August 12, 2011, the Rolling Rock Tour as well performing in Japan.", "Beautiful Creatures (album) __knowledge__ The album received mixed reviews.", "Beautiful Creatures (novel) __knowledge__ Beautiful Creatures is an American young adult novel written by authors Kami Garcia and Margaret Stohl and the first book in the \"Caster Chronicles\" series.", "Beautiful Creatures (novel) __knowledge__ The book was published on December 1, 2009, by Little, Brown, and Company.", "Beautiful Creatures (novel) __knowledge__ In the UK, \"Beautiful Creatures\" is published by Penguin Books.", "Beautiful Creatures (novel) __knowledge__ On January 3, 2013, a new edition of the novel was published, featuring images from the movie on the cover.", "Beautiful Creatures (novel) __knowledge__ The book was written in 12 weeks, inspired by a dare (a bet with 7 kids the authors knew) and was never intended to be published.", "Beautiful Creatures (novel) __knowledge__ Sixteen-year-old Ethan Wate lives in Gatlin, South Carolina, with his widowed father.", "Kenny Kweens __knowledge__ Kenny Kweens is an American musician who is best known for his nine-year tenure as bassist in the hard rock band Beautiful Creatures.", "Kenny Kweens __knowledge__ In 2009, Kweens left the group and joined L.A.", "Kenny Kweens __knowledge__ Guns (fronted by Phil Lewis), replacing previous bassist Scott Griffin.", "Kenny Kweens __knowledge__ However, in 2011, Kweens departed, replaced by Griffin.", "Kenny Kweens __knowledge__ On September 22, 2014, it was announced that Griffin had once again departed the band, and Kweens rejoined the band.", "Kenny Kweens __knowledge__ Prior to joining Beautiful Creatures, Kweens was a member of Shake the Faith, No.", "Kenny Kweens __knowledge__ 9, Diamond Star Halo and Melody Black while in 2008 he formed his own solo project titled Villains of Vaudeville.", "Adler's Appetite __knowledge__ Adler's Appetite, previously Suki Jones, was an American rock band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 2003.", "Adler's Appetite __knowledge__ As of 2011, the lineup consists of Patrick Stone (lead vocals), Michael Thomas (guitar), Lonnie Paul (guitar), Chip Z'nuff (bass) and Steven Adler (drums, percussion).", "Adler's Appetite __knowledge__ Along with original material, the band perform covers of Adler's former band Guns N' Roses, primarily songs from the album \"Appetite for Destruction\".", "Adler's Appetite __knowledge__ Former Slash's Snakepit guitarist Keri Kelli first formed the band in 2003, with the original lineup consisting of Adler, Faster Pussycat guitarist Brent Muscat, former Ratt bassist Robbie Crane as well as then-Ratt singer Jizzy Pearl, also formerly of Love/Hate.", "Margaret Stohl __knowledge__ Margaret Stohl is the #1 \"New York Times\" bestselling American author of 11 novels, as well as comics and videogames.", "Margaret Stohl __knowledge__ She was born in Pasadena, California in November 14, 1967.", "Margaret Stohl __knowledge__ Stohl is the co-author, along with her friend Kami Garcia of the \"Caster Chronicles\" book series, starting with \"Beautiful Creatures\".", "Margaret Stohl __knowledge__ The series, currently consisting of four books and a novella collection, is generally classified as a contemporary young adult fantasy novel, with particular interest for teens.", "Margaret Stohl __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional small town of Gatlin, South Carolina in the Southern United States, and deals with a group of townspeople, friends, witches (called \"Casters\" in the books), and numerous other magical creatures.", "Wild horse __knowledge__ The wild horse (\"Equus ferus\") is a species of the genus \"Equus\", which includes as subspecies the modern domesticated horse (\"Equus ferus caballus\") as well as the undomesticated tarpan (\"Equus ferus ferus\", now extinct), and the endangered Przewalski's horse (\"Equus ferus przewalskii\").", "Wild horse __knowledge__ Przewalski's horse had reached the brink of extinction but was reintroduced successfully back into the wild.", "Wild horse __knowledge__ The tarpan became extinct in the 19th century, though it is a possible ancestor of the domestic horse; it roamed the steppes of Eurasia at the time of domestication.", "Wild horse __knowledge__ However, other subspecies of \"Equus ferus\" may have existed and could have been the stock from which domesticated horses are descended.", "Tarpan __knowledge__ The tarpan (\"Equus ferus ferus\"), also known as Eurasian wild horse, was a subspecies of wild horse.", "Tarpan __knowledge__ It is now extinct.", "Tarpan __knowledge__ The last individual believed to be of this subspecies died in captivity in Russia in 1909, although some sources claim that it was not a genuine wild horse due to its resemblance to domesticated horses.", "Tarpan __knowledge__ Beginning in the 1930s, several attempts were made to develop horses that looked like tarpans through selective breeding, called \"breeding back\" by advocates.", "Tarpan __knowledge__ The breeds that resulted included the Heck horse, the Hegardt or Stroebel's horse, and a derivation of the Konik breed, all of which have a primitive appearance, particularly in having the grullo coat color.", "Przewalski's horse __knowledge__ The Przewalski's horse ( ; ; Khalkha , \"takhi\"; Ak Kaba Tuvan: [] \"dagy\"; \"Equus ferus przewalskii\") or Dzungarian horse, is a rare and endangered subspecies of wild horse (\"Equus ferus\") native to the steppes of central Asia.", "Przewalski's horse __knowledge__ At one time extinct in the wild (in Mongolia, the last wild Przewalski's horses had been seen in 1966), it has been reintroduced to its native habitat in Mongolia at the Khustain Nuruu National Park, Takhin Tal Nature Reserve, and Khomiin Tal.", "Przewalski's horse __knowledge__ The taxonomic position is still debated, and some taxonomists treat Przewalski's horse as a species, \"Equus przewalskii\".", "Przewalski's horse __knowledge__ Common names for this equine include \"takhi\", \"Asian wild horse\" and \"Mongolian wild horse\", The horse is named after the Russian geographer and explorer (of Polish ancestry) Nikolay Przhevalsky (Polish name: Mikołaj Przewalski).", "Ashva __knowledge__ Aśvaḥ (अश्व) is the Sanskrit word for a horse, one of the significant animals finding references in the Vedas as well as later Hindu scriptures.", "Ashva __knowledge__ The corresponding Avestan term is \"aspa\".", "Ashva __knowledge__ The word is cognate to Latin \"equus\", Greek ίππος (hippos), Germanic *\"ehwaz\" and Baltic \"*ašvā\" all from PIE \"*hek'wos\".", "Ashva __knowledge__ There are repeated references to the horse the Vedas (c. 1500 - 500 BC).", "Ashva __knowledge__ In particular the Rigveda has many equestrian scenes, often associated with chariots.", "Ashva __knowledge__ The Ashvins are divine twins named for their horsemanship.", "Ashva __knowledge__ The earliest undisputed finds of horse remains in South Asia are from the Swat culture (c. 1500 - 500 BC).", "History of the horse in South Asia __knowledge__ The horse has been present in South Asia from at least the middle of the second millennium BC, more than two millennia after its domestication in Central Asia.", "History of the horse in South Asia __knowledge__ The earliest uncontroversial evidence of horse remains on the Indian Subcontinent date to the early Swat culture (around 1600 BC).", "History of the horse in South Asia __knowledge__ Claims of stray finds date to earlier times, as early as the middle of the third millennium, but these are not generally accepted.", "History of the horse in South Asia __knowledge__ The topic is of some importance to the dating of Indo-Aryan migration to India.", "History of the horse in South Asia __knowledge__ \"Ashva\" (a Sanskrit word for a horse) is one of the significant animals finding references in several Hindu scriptures.", "Domestication of the horse __knowledge__ A number of hypotheses exist on many of the key issues regarding the domestication of the horse.", "Domestication of the horse __knowledge__ Although horses appeared in Paleolithic cave art as early as 30,000 BCE, these were wild horses and were probably hunted for meat.", "Domestication of the horse __knowledge__ How and when horses became domesticated is disputed.", "Domestication of the horse __knowledge__ The clearest evidence of early use of the horse as a means of transport is from chariot burials dated c. 2000 BCE.", "Domestication of the horse __knowledge__ However, an increasing amount of evidence supports the hypothesis that horses were domesticated in the Eurasian Steppes approximately 3500 BCE; recent discoveries in the context of the Botai culture suggest that Botai settlements in the Akmola Province of Kazakhstan are the location of the earliest domestication of the horse." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Horse __knowledge__ The horse (\"Equus ferus caballus\") is one of two extant subspecies of \"Equus ferus\".", "Horse __knowledge__ It is an odd-toed ungulate mammal belonging to the taxonomic family Equidae.", "Horse __knowledge__ The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, \"Eohippus\", into the large, single-toed animal of today.", "Horse __knowledge__ Humans began to domesticate horses around 4000 BC, and their domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BC.", "Horse __knowledge__ Horses in the subspecies \"caballus\" are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as feral horses.", "Horse __knowledge__ These feral populations are not true wild horses, as this term is used to describe horses that have never been domesticated, such as the endangered Przewalski's horse, a separate subspecies, and the only remaining true wild horse.", "Horse __knowledge__ There is an extensive, specialized vocabulary used to describe equine-related concepts, covering everything from anatomy to life stages, size, colors, markings, breeds, locomotion, and behavior.", "Horse __knowledge__ Horses' anatomy enables them to make use of speed to escape predators and they have a well-developed sense of balance and a strong fight-or-flight response.", "Horse __knowledge__ Related to this need to flee from predators in the wild is an unusual trait: horses are able to sleep both standing up and lying down, with younger horse tending to sleep significantly more than adults.", "Clairemont, San Diego __knowledge__ Clairemont (or Clairemont Mesa) is a community within the city of San Diego, California, United States.", "Clairemont, San Diego __knowledge__ It has a population of about 81,600 residents and an area of roughly 13.3 square miles.", "Clairemont, San Diego __knowledge__ Clairemont Mesa is bordered by Interstate 805 on the east, Interstate 5 to the west, State Route 52 to the north, and the community of Linda Vista to the south.", "Clairemont, San Diego __knowledge__ The community of Clairemont Mesa can be subdivided into the neighborhoods of North Clairemont, Bay Ho, Clairemont Mesa East, Clairemont Mesa West, and Bay Park.", "Clairemont, San Diego __knowledge__ Developers Lou Burgener and Carlos Tavares named their community Clairemont after Tavares' wife, Claire.", "Woolly mammoth __knowledge__ The woolly mammoth (\"Mammuthus primigenius\") is an extinct species of mammoth that lived during the Pleistocene epoch, and was one of the last in a line of mammoth species, beginning with \"Mammuthus subplanifrons\" in the early Pliocene.", "Woolly mammoth __knowledge__ The woolly mammoth diverged from the steppe mammoth about 400,000 years ago in East Asia.", "Woolly mammoth __knowledge__ Its closest extant relative is the Asian elephant.", "Woolly mammoth __knowledge__ The appearance and behaviour of this species are among the best studied of any prehistoric animal because of the discovery of frozen carcasses in Siberia and Alaska, as well as skeletons, teeth, stomach contents, dung, and depiction from life in prehistoric cave paintings.", "Origin of language __knowledge__ The first language in the human species has been the topic of scholarly discussions for several centuries.", "Origin of language __knowledge__ There is no consensus on the origin or age of human language.", "Origin of language __knowledge__ The topic is difficult to study because of the lack of direct evidence.", "Origin of language __knowledge__ Consequently, scholars wishing to study the origins of language must draw inferences from other kinds of evidence such as the fossil record, archaeological evidence, contemporary language diversity, studies of language acquisition, and comparisons between human language and systems of communication existing among animals (particularly other primates).", "Origin of language __knowledge__ Many argue that the origins of language probably relate closely to the origins of modern human behavior, but there is little agreement about the implications and directionality of this connection.", "Evidence of common descent __knowledge__ Evidence of common descent of living organisms has been discovered by scientists researching in a variety of disciplines over many decades, demonstrating that all life on Earth comes from a single ancestor.", "Evidence of common descent __knowledge__ This forms an important part of the evidence on which evolutionary theory rests, demonstrates that evolution does occur, and illustrates the processes that created Earth's biodiversity.", "Evidence of common descent __knowledge__ It supports the modern evolutionary synthesis—the current scientific theory that explains how and why life changes over time.", "Evidence of common descent __knowledge__ Evolutionary biologists document evidence of common descent, all the way back to the last universal common ancestor, by developing testable predictions, testing hypotheses, and constructing theories that illustrate and describe its causes.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ Human evolution is the evolutionary process that led to the emergence of anatomically modern humans, beginning with the evolutionary history of primates – in particular genus \"Homo\" – and leading to the emergence of \"Homo sapiens\" as a distinct species of the hominid family, the great apes.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ This process involved the gradual development of traits such as human bipedalism and language.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ The study of human evolution involves many scientific disciplines, including physical anthropology, primatology, archaeology, paleontology, neurobiology, ethology, linguistics, evolutionary psychology, embryology and genetics.", "Mammal __knowledge__ Mammals are the vertebrates within the class Mammalia ( from Latin \"mamma\" \"breast\"), a clade of endothermic amniotes distinguished from reptiles (including birds) by the possession of a neocortex (a region of the brain), hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands.", "Mammal __knowledge__ Females of all mammal species nurse their young with milk, secreted from the mammary glands.", "Mammal __knowledge__ Mammals include the largest animal on the planet, the blue whale.", "Mammal __knowledge__ The basic body type is a terrestrial quadruped, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, underground or on two legs.", "Mammal __knowledge__ The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta, which enables the feeding of the fetus during gestation.", "Dinosaur __knowledge__ Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles of the clade Dinosauria.", "Dinosaur __knowledge__ They first appeared during the Triassic period, between 243 and 231 million years ago, although the exact origin and timing of the evolution of dinosaurs is the subject of active research.", "Dinosaur __knowledge__ They became the dominant terrestrial vertebrates after the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event 201 million years ago; their dominance continued through the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.", "Dinosaur __knowledge__ The fossil record indicates that birds are modern feathered dinosaurs, having evolved from earlier theropods during the late Jurassic Period.", "Dinosaur __knowledge__ As such, birds were the only dinosaur lineage to survive the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event 66 million years ago.", "Odd-toed ungulate __knowledge__ Members of the order Perissodactyla, otherwise known as odd-toed ungulates, are mammals characterized by an odd number of toes and by hindgut fermentation with somewhat simple stomachs.", "Odd-toed ungulate __knowledge__ Perissodactyla comes from the Ancient Greek περισσός (\"perissós\", “uneven”) + δάκτυλος (\"dáktulos\", “a finger, toe”).", "Odd-toed ungulate __knowledge__ Unlike the even-toed ungulates, they digest plant cellulose in their intestines rather than in one or more stomach chambers.", "Odd-toed ungulate __knowledge__ The order includes three extant families: Equidae (horses, asses, and zebras), Rhinocerotidae (rhinoceroses), and Tapiridae (tapirs), with a total of about 17 species.", "Odd-toed ungulate __knowledge__ Despite their very different appearances, they were recognized as related families in the 19th century by the zoologist Richard Owen, who also coined the order name.", "Even-toed ungulate __knowledge__ The even-toed ungulates (Artiodactyla, ) are ungulates (hoofed animals) whose weight is borne equally by the third and fourth toes.", "Even-toed ungulate __knowledge__ By contrast, odd-toed ungulates, such as horses, bear their weight primarily on their third toes.", "Even-toed ungulate __knowledge__ The aquatic cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises) evolved from within even-toed ungulates, so modern taxonomic classification sometimes combines the Artiodactyla and Cetacea into the Cetartiodactyla.", "Even-toed ungulate __knowledge__ Excluding whales, the roughly 220 artiodactyl species include pigs, peccaries, hippopotamuses, cetaceans, camels, llamas, alpacas, mouse deer, deer, giraffes, antelopes, sheep, goats, and cattle, many of which are of great dietary, economic, and cultural importance to humans.", "Duwamish people __knowledge__ The Duwamish (, ) are a Lushootseed-speaking Native American tribe in western Washington, and the indigenous people of metropolitan Seattle, where they have been living since the end of the last glacial period (c. 8000 BCE, 10,000 years ago).", "Duwamish people __knowledge__ The Duwamish tribe descends from at least two distinct groups from before intense contact with people of European ancestry—the \"People of the Inside\" (the environs of Elliott Bay) and the \"People of the Large Lake\" (Lake Washington)—and continues to evolve both culturally and ethnically.", "Duwamish people __knowledge__ By historic language, the Duwamish are (Skagit-Nisqually) Lushootseed; Lushootseed is a Salishan language.", "Long-toed salamander __knowledge__ The long-toed salamander (Ambystoma macrodactylum, Baird 1849) is a mole salamander in the family Ambystomatidae.", "Long-toed salamander __knowledge__ This species, typically long when mature, is characterized by its mottled black, brown, and yellow pigmentation, and its long outer fourth toe on the hind limbs.", "Long-toed salamander __knowledge__ Analysis of fossil records, genetics, and biogeography suggest \"A. macrodactylum\" and \"A. laterale\" are descended from a common ancestor that gained access to the western Cordillera with the loss of the mid-continental seaway toward the Paleocene.", "Long-toed salamander __knowledge__ The distribution of the long-toed salamander is primarily in the Pacific Northwest, with an altitudinal range of up to .", "Ungulate __knowledge__ Ungulates (pronounced ) are any members of a diverse group of primarily large mammals that includes odd-toed ungulates such as horses and rhinoceroses, and even-toed ungulates such as cattle, pigs, giraffes, camels, deer, and hippopotamuses.", "Ungulate __knowledge__ Most terrestrial ungulates use the tips of their toes, usually hoofed, to sustain their whole body weight while moving.", "Ungulate __knowledge__ The term means, roughly, \"being hoofed\" or \"hoofed animal\".", "Ungulate __knowledge__ As a descriptive term, \"ungulate\" normally excludes cetaceans (whales, dolphins, porpoises), as they do not possess most of the typical morphological characteristics of ungulates, but recent discoveries indicate that they are descended from early artiodactyls.", "Sloth __knowledge__ Sloths are arboreal mammals noted for slowness of movement and for spending most of their lives hanging upside down in the trees of the tropical rainforests of South America and Central America.", "Sloth __knowledge__ The six species are in two families: two-toed sloths and three-toed sloths.", "Sloth __knowledge__ In spite of this traditional naming, all sloths actually have three toes.", "Sloth __knowledge__ The two-toed sloths have two digits, or fingers, on each forelimb.", "Sloth __knowledge__ The sloth is so named because of its very low metabolism and deliberate movements, \"sloth\" being related to the word \"slow\".", "Sloth __knowledge__ This is an evolutionary adaptation to their low-energy diet of leaves, and to avoid detection by predatory hawks and cats who hunt by sight." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Horse __knowledge__ The horse (\"Equus ferus caballus\") is one of two extant subspecies of \"Equus ferus\".", "Horse __knowledge__ It is an odd-toed ungulate mammal belonging to the taxonomic family Equidae.", "Horse __knowledge__ The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, \"Eohippus\", into the large, single-toed animal of today.", "Horse __knowledge__ Humans began to domesticate horses around 4000 BC, and their domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BC.", "Horse __knowledge__ Horses in the subspecies \"caballus\" are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as feral horses.", "Horse __knowledge__ These feral populations are not true wild horses, as this term is used to describe horses that have never been domesticated, such as the endangered Przewalski's horse, a separate subspecies, and the only remaining true wild horse.", "Horse __knowledge__ There is an extensive, specialized vocabulary used to describe equine-related concepts, covering everything from anatomy to life stages, size, colors, markings, breeds, locomotion, and behavior.", "Horse __knowledge__ Horses' anatomy enables them to make use of speed to escape predators and they have a well-developed sense of balance and a strong fight-or-flight response.", "Horse __knowledge__ Related to this need to flee from predators in the wild is an unusual trait: horses are able to sleep both standing up and lying down, with younger horse tending to sleep significantly more than adults.", "France in the Middle Ages __knowledge__ The Kingdom of France in the Middle Ages (roughly, from the 9th century to the middle of the 15th century) was marked by the fragmentation of the Carolingian Empire and West Francia (843–987); the expansion of royal control by the House of Capet (987–1328), including their struggles with the virtually independent principalities (duchies and counties, such as the Norman and Angevin regions) that had developed following the Viking invasions and through the piecemeal dismantling of the Carolingian Empire and the creation and extension of administrative/state control (notably under Philip II Augustus and Louis IX) in the 13th century; and the rise of the House of Valois (1328–1589), including the protracted dynastic crisis of the Hundred Years' War with the Kingdom of England (1337–1453) compounded by the catastrophic Black Death epidemic (1348), which laid the seeds for a more centralized and expanded state in the early modern period and the creation of a sense of French identity.", "The Doctor (Doctor Who) __knowledge__ The Doctor is the title character in the long-running BBC science fiction television programme \"Doctor Who\".", "The Doctor (Doctor Who) __knowledge__ Since the show's inception in 1963, the character has been portrayed by twelve lead actors.", "The Doctor (Doctor Who) __knowledge__ In the programme, \"the Doctor\" is the alias assumed by a centuries-old alien—a Time Lord from the planet Gallifrey—who travels through space and time in the TARDIS, frequently with companions.", "The Doctor (Doctor Who) __knowledge__ The transition to each succeeding actor is explained within the show's narrative through the plot device of \"regeneration\", a biological function of the Time Lord race that allows a change of cellular structure and appearance with recovery following a potentially fatal injury.", "Environmental racism in Europe __knowledge__ Environmental racism in Europe has been documented in relation to racialized immigrant and migrant populations alongside Romani (Roma/Gypsy), Yenish, Irish Traveller, and communities (such as the Sami, Komi, and Nenets) from within continental borders.", "Environmental racism in Europe __knowledge__ Environmental racism is the practice of environmental injustice within a racialized context, in which socially marginalized communities and minority groups are subjected to disproportionate exposure of environmental hazards, denial of access to sources of ecological sustenance such as clean air, water, and natural resources, or infringement of environmentally related human rights.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Gabriel García Márquez __knowledge__ Gabriel José de la Concordia García Márquez (; ; 6 March 1927 – 17 April 2014) was a Colombian novelist, short-story writer, screenwriter and journalist, known affectionately as Gabo or Gabito throughout Latin America.", "Gabriel García Márquez __knowledge__ Considered one of the most significant authors of the 20th century and one of the best in the Spanish language, he was awarded the 1972 Neustadt International Prize for Literature and the 1982 Nobel Prize in Literature.", "Gabriel García Márquez __knowledge__ He pursued a self-directed education that resulted in his leaving law school for a career in journalism.", "Gabriel García Márquez __knowledge__ From early on, he showed no inhibitions in his criticism of Colombian and foreign politics.", "One Hundred Years of Solitude __knowledge__ One Hundred Years of Solitude (, ) is a landmark 1967 novel by Colombian author Gabriel García Márquez that tells the multi-generational story of the Buendía family, whose patriarch, José Arcadio Buendía, founds the town of Macondo, in the metaphoric country of Colombia.", "One Hundred Years of Solitude __knowledge__ The magical realist style and thematic substance of \"One Hundred Years of Solitude\" established it as an important representative novel of the literary Latin American Boom of the 1960s and 1970s, which was stylistically influenced by Modernism (European and North American) and the Cuban \"Vanguardia\" (Avant-Garde) literary movement.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "Animal locomotion __knowledge__ Animal locomotion, in ethology, is any of a variety of movements or methods that animals use to move from one place to another.", "Animal locomotion __knowledge__ Some modes of locomotion are (initially) self-propelled, e.g., running, swimming, jumping, flying, hopping, soaring and gliding.", "Animal locomotion __knowledge__ There are also many animal species that depend on their environment for transportation, a type of mobility called passive locomotion, e.g., sailing (some jellyfish), kiting (spiders) and rolling (some beetles and spiders).", "Animal locomotion __knowledge__ Animals move for a variety of reasons, such as to find food, a mate, a suitable microhabitat, or to escape predators.", "Animal locomotion __knowledge__ For many animals, the ability to move is essential for survival and, as a result, natural selection has shaped the locomotion methods and mechanisms used by moving organisms.", "Frog __knowledge__ A frog is any member of a diverse and largely carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians composing the order Anura (Ancient Greek \"an-,\" without + \"oura\", tail).", "Frog __knowledge__ The oldest fossil \"proto-frog\" appeared in the early Triassic of Madagascar, but molecular clock dating suggests their origins may extend further back to the Permian, 265 million years ago.", "Frog __knowledge__ Frogs are widely distributed, ranging from the tropics to subarctic regions, but the greatest concentration of species diversity is in tropical rainforests.", "Frog __knowledge__ There are approximately 4,800 recorded species, accounting for over 85% of extant amphibian species.", "List of creatures in Primeval __knowledge__ The following is a complete list of creatures from the universe of ITV science fiction television series \"Primeval\" and also any spin-off media, including \"\" (\"PNW\").", "List of creatures in Primeval __knowledge__ The series includes various imaginary species which are not native to the series setting, with some being prehistoric and others being futuristic.", "List of creatures in Primeval __knowledge__ Various creatures were designed with some artistic license, for dramatic effect.", "List of creatures in Primeval __knowledge__ A number of creatures from the \"Walking with...\" series were also reimagined for dramatic effect.", "List of creatures in Primeval __knowledge__ In 2007 Character Options announced they would create \"Primeval\" action figures, including both a flying Rex and a large plush toy Rex, Future Predators, \"Hesperornis\" and dodos.", "Evidence of common descent __knowledge__ Evidence of common descent of living organisms has been discovered by scientists researching in a variety of disciplines over many decades, demonstrating that all life on Earth comes from a single ancestor.", "Evidence of common descent __knowledge__ This forms an important part of the evidence on which evolutionary theory rests, demonstrates that evolution does occur, and illustrates the processes that created Earth's biodiversity.", "Evidence of common descent __knowledge__ It supports the modern evolutionary synthesis—the current scientific theory that explains how and why life changes over time.", "Evidence of common descent __knowledge__ Evolutionary biologists document evidence of common descent, all the way back to the last universal common ancestor, by developing testable predictions, testing hypotheses, and constructing theories that illustrate and describe its causes.", "Evolution of insects __knowledge__ The most recent understanding of the evolution of insects is based on studies of the following branches of science: molecular biology, insect morphology, paleontology, insect taxonomy, evolution, embryology, bioinformatics and scientific computing.", "Evolution of insects __knowledge__ It is estimated that the class of insects originated on Earth about 480 million years ago, in the Ordovician, at about the same time terrestrial plants appeared.", "Evolution of insects __knowledge__ Insects evolved from a group of crustaceans.", "Evolution of insects __knowledge__ The first insects were land bound, but about 400 million years ago in the Devonian period one lineage of insects evolved flight, the first animals to do so.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ Human evolution is the evolutionary process that led to the emergence of anatomically modern humans, beginning with the evolutionary history of primates – in particular genus \"Homo\" – and leading to the emergence of \"Homo sapiens\" as a distinct species of the hominid family, the great apes.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ This process involved the gradual development of traits such as human bipedalism and language.", "Human evolution __knowledge__ The study of human evolution involves many scientific disciplines, including physical anthropology, primatology, archaeology, paleontology, neurobiology, ethology, linguistics, evolutionary psychology, embryology and genetics." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 8, 5 ]

[ "the horse is one of two extant subspecies of equus ferus.the horse is called equus ferus caballus.", "the horse has acually evolved over the past 45-55 millian years. it wa a small multi toed crature but now is a large single toed animal. thats impressive", "im not sure about what they were used for 45 million years ago but now their anatomy alows them to escape predators with speed and a high sense of balance. they have a strong fight or flight response", "oh yes sorry yes of course. definitely used for transporation of goods and peple. horses in the subspecies caballus are domesticated though some domesticated populations live in the wild like feral horses." ]

[ "Horse", "Horse", "Horse", "Horse" ]

[ "Cheesecake", "Yes, I have. They are rich and fantastic.", "I really enjoy the New York Style cheese cake. It often utilzes a heavy cream or a sour cream", "Have you ever been to the Cheesecake Factory? I have not, but I have wondered if all they serve is cheesecake" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cheesecake __knowledge__ Cheesecake is a sweet dessert consisting of one or more layers.", "Cheesecake __knowledge__ The main, and thickest layer, consists of a mixture of soft, fresh cheese (typically cream cheese or ricotta), eggs, and sugar; if there is a bottom layer it often consists of a crust or base made from crushed cookies (or digestive biscuits), graham crackers, pastry, or sponge cake.", "Cheesecake __knowledge__ It may be baked or unbaked (usually refrigerated).", "Cheesecake __knowledge__ Cheesecake is usually sweetened with sugar and may be flavored or topped with fruit, whipped cream, nuts, cookies, fruit sauce, or chocolate syrup.", "Cheesecake __knowledge__ Cheesecake can be prepared in many flavors, such as strawberry, pumpkin, key lime, chocolate, Oreo, chestnut, or toffee.", "Cheesecake __knowledge__ Smooth fresh unripened cheese sweetened with honey must be almost as old as cheese-making itself, and \"land of milk and honey\" is a deep-rooted idiom.", "Cheesecake __knowledge__ An ancient form of cheesecake may have been a popular dish in ancient Greece even prior to Romans' adoption of it with the conquest of Greece.", "Cheesecake __knowledge__ The earliest attested mention of a cheesecake is by the Greek physician Aegimus (5th century BCE), who wrote a book on the art of making cheesecakes (—\"plakountopoiikon suggramma\").", "Cheesecake __knowledge__ The earliest extant cheesecake recipes are found in Cato the Elder's \"De Agri Cultura\", which includes recipes for two cakes for religious uses: \"libum\" and \"placenta\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cheesecake __knowledge__ Cheesecake is a sweet dessert consisting of one or more layers.", "Cheesecake __knowledge__ The main, and thickest layer, consists of a mixture of soft, fresh cheese (typically cream cheese or ricotta), eggs, and sugar; if there is a bottom layer it often consists of a crust or base made from crushed cookies (or digestive biscuits), graham crackers, pastry, or sponge cake.", "Cheesecake __knowledge__ It may be baked or unbaked (usually refrigerated).", "Cheesecake __knowledge__ Cheesecake is usually sweetened with sugar and may be flavored or topped with fruit, whipped cream, nuts, cookies, fruit sauce, or chocolate syrup.", "Cheesecake __knowledge__ Cheesecake can be prepared in many flavors, such as strawberry, pumpkin, key lime, chocolate, Oreo, chestnut, or toffee.", "Cheesecake __knowledge__ Smooth fresh unripened cheese sweetened with honey must be almost as old as cheese-making itself, and \"land of milk and honey\" is a deep-rooted idiom.", "Cheesecake __knowledge__ An ancient form of cheesecake may have been a popular dish in ancient Greece even prior to Romans' adoption of it with the conquest of Greece.", "Cheesecake __knowledge__ The earliest attested mention of a cheesecake is by the Greek physician Aegimus (5th century BCE), who wrote a book on the art of making cheesecakes (—\"plakountopoiikon suggramma\").", "Cheesecake __knowledge__ The earliest extant cheesecake recipes are found in Cato the Elder's \"De Agri Cultura\", which includes recipes for two cakes for religious uses: \"libum\" and \"placenta\".", "Fantastic Four __knowledge__ The Fantastic Four is a fictional superhero team appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Fantastic Four __knowledge__ The group debuted in \"The Fantastic Four\" #1 (cover dated Nov. 1961), which helped to usher in a new level of realism in the medium.", "Fantastic Four __knowledge__ The Fantastic Four was the first superhero team created by editor/co-plotter Stan Lee and artist/co-plotter Jack Kirby, who developed a collaborative approach to creating comics with this title that they would use from then on.", "Fantastic Four __knowledge__ The four individuals traditionally associated with the Fantastic Four, who gained superpowers after exposure to cosmic rays during a scientific mission to outer space, are Mister Fantastic (Reed Richards), a scientific genius and the leader of the group, who can stretch his body into incredible lengths and shapes; the Invisible Woman (Susan \"Sue\" Storm), who eventually married Reed, who can render herself invisible and later project powerful invisible force fields; the Human Torch (Johnny Storm), Sue's younger brother, who can generate flames, surround himself with them and fly; and the monstrous Thing (Ben Grimm), their grumpy but benevolent friend, a former college football star and Reed's college roommate as well as a good pilot, who possesses tremendous superhuman strength, durability, and endurance due to the nature of his stone-like flesh.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Fantastic Four (comic book) __knowledge__ Fantastic Four is the name of several comic book titles featuring the team Fantastic Four and published by Marvel Comics, beginning with the original \"Fantastic Four\" comic book series which debuted in 1961.", "Fantastic Four (comic book) __knowledge__ As the first superhero team title produced by Marvel Comics, it formed a cornerstone of the company's 1960s rise from a small division of a publishing company to a pop culture conglomerate.", "Fantastic Four (comic book) __knowledge__ The title would go on to showcase the talents of comics creators such as Roy Thomas, John Buscema, George Pérez, John Byrne, Steve Englehart, Walt Simonson, and Tom DeFalco, and is one of several Marvel titles originating in the Silver Age of Comic Books that was continuously published through 2015.", "Fantastic (magazine) __knowledge__ Fantastic was an American digest size fantasy and science fiction magazine, published from 1952 to 1980.", "Fantastic (magazine) __knowledge__ It was founded by Ziff Davis as a fantasy companion to \"Amazing Stories\".", "Fantastic (magazine) __knowledge__ Early sales were good, and Ziff Davis quickly decided to switch \"Amazing\" from pulp format to digest, and to cease publication of their other science fiction pulp, \"Fantastic Adventures\".", "Fantastic (magazine) __knowledge__ Within a few years sales fell, and Howard Browne, the editor, was forced to switch the focus to science fiction rather than fantasy.", "Fantastic (magazine) __knowledge__ Browne lost interest in the magazine as a result and the magazine generally ran poor quality fiction in the mid-1950s, under Browne and his successor, Paul W. Fairman.", "YES Network __knowledge__ The Yankees Entertainment and Sports Network (YES) is an American cable and satellite television regional sports network that is owned by 21st Century Fox (which owns a controlling 80% interest and serves as managing partner) and Yankee Global Enterprises (which owns the remaining 20%).", "YES Network __knowledge__ Primarily serving New York City, New York and the surrounding metropolitan area, it broadcasts a variety of sports events, as well as magazine, documentary and discussion programs; however, its main emphasis is focused on games and team-related programs involving the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (owned by minority partner Yankee Global), the NBA's Brooklyn Nets and New York City FC of Major League Soccer.", "Frightful Four __knowledge__ The Frightful Four are a group of fictional characters appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Frightful Four __knowledge__ They serve as the antithesis to the Fantastic Four.", "Frightful Four __knowledge__ The Frightful Four first appeared in \"Fantastic Four\" #36 (March 1965), and was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby.", "Frightful Four __knowledge__ The team subsequently appears in \"Fantastic Four\" #129 (December 1972), #177 (December 1976), \"Spectacular Spider-Man\" #42 (May 1980), \"The Amazing Spider-Man\" #214-215 (March–April 1981), \"Fantastic Four\" #326-328 (May–July 1989), \"Fantastic Four Unlimited\" #5 (March 1994), \"Incredible Hulk\" (vol.", "Frightful Four __knowledge__ 2) #418 (June 1994), \"Deadpool\" (vol.", "Fantastic Fest __knowledge__ Fantastic Fest is an annual film festival in Austin, Texas.", "Fantastic Fest __knowledge__ It was founded in 2005 by Tim League of Alamo Drafthouse, Harry Knowles of Ain't It Cool News, Paul Alvarado-Dykstra, and Tim McCanlies, writer of \"The Iron Giant\" and \"Secondhand Lions\".", "Fantastic Fest __knowledge__ The festival focuses on genre films such as horror, science fiction, fantasy, action, Asian, and cult.", "Fantastic Fest __knowledge__ The festival takes place in September at the Alamo Drafthouse South Lamar, filling eight screens for eight days and hosting many writers, directors and actors, either well-established or unknown.", "Fantastic Fest __knowledge__ A notable feature of this festival is the inclusion of \"secret screenings\".", "Chenin blanc __knowledge__ Chenin blanc (known also as Pineau de la Loire among other names) is a white wine grape variety from the Loire Valley of France.", "Chenin blanc __knowledge__ Its high acidity means it can be used to make everything from sparkling wines to well-balanced dessert wines, although it can produce very bland, neutral wines if the vine's natural vigor is not controlled.", "Chenin blanc __knowledge__ Outside the Loire it is found in most of the New World wine regions; it is the most widely planted variety in South Africa, where it is also known as Steen.", "Chenin blanc __knowledge__ The grape may have been one of the first to be grown in South Africa by Jan van Riebeeck in 1655, or it may have come to that country with Huguenots fleeing France after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685.", "Dessert __knowledge__ Dessert () is a confectionery course that concludes a main meal.", "Dessert __knowledge__ The course usually consists of sweet foods, and possibly a beverage such as dessert wine or liqueur, but may include coffee, cheeses, nuts, or other savory items.", "Dessert __knowledge__ In some parts of the world, such as much of central and western Africa, and most parts of China, there is no tradition of a dessert course to conclude a meal.", "Dessert __knowledge__ The term \"dessert\" can apply to many confections, such as cakes, tarts, cookies, biscuits, gelatins, pastries, ice creams, pies, puddings, custards, and sweet soups.", "Dessert __knowledge__ Fruit is also commonly found in dessert courses because of its naturally occurring sweetness.", "Eli's Cheesecake __knowledge__ Eli's Cheesecake is a cheesecake company based in Chicago.", "Eli's Cheesecake __knowledge__ Eli's Original Plain Cheesecake, which has been called \"Chicago's most famous dessert\", is made of cream cheese, sour cream, eggs, sugar, and vanilla in a butter shortbread cookie crust.", "Eli's Cheesecake __knowledge__ Since the introduction of Eli's Original Plain Cheesecake, the company now offers cheesecakes with various ingredients such as chocolate, fruit, or caramel, as well as other desserts like tarts, cakes, and tiramisu.", "Eli's Cheesecake __knowledge__ Eli Schulman was born in 1910 on the West Side of Chicago.", "Eli's Cheesecake __knowledge__ In 1940, he started his first venture in the restaurant business with a popular coffee shop called Eli's Ogden Huddle.", "Pancake __knowledge__ A pancake (or hotcake, griddlecake, or flapjack) is a flat cake, often thin and round, prepared from a starch-based batter that may contain eggs, milk and butter and cooked on a hot surface such as a griddle or frying pan, often frying with oil or butter.", "Pancake __knowledge__ In Britain, pancakes are often unleavened and resemble a crêpe.", "Pancake __knowledge__ In North America, a leavening agent is used (typically baking powder).", "Pancake __knowledge__ American pancakes are similar to Scotch pancakes or drop scones.", "Pancake __knowledge__ Archaeological evidence suggests that pancakes were probably the earliest and most widespread cereal food eaten in prehistoric societies.", "Pancake __knowledge__ The pancake's shape and structure varies worldwide.", "Albanian cuisine __knowledge__ Albanian cuisine () is a representative of the cuisine of the Mediterranean.", "Albanian cuisine __knowledge__ It is an example of the Mediterranean diet due to the importance of olive oil, fruits, vegetables and fish.", "Albanian cuisine __knowledge__ The cooking traditions of the Albanian people are diverse due to the environmental factors such as the geological and climatic conditions, which are suitable for the cultivation of nearly all kinds of herbs, vegetables and fruits.", "Albanian cuisine __knowledge__ Nevertheless, olive oil is the most ancient and commonly used vegetable fat in Albanian cooking, which has been produced since antiquity throughout the country particularly along the coasts.", "Sweet potato __knowledge__ The sweet potato (\"Ipomoea batatas\") is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the bindweed or morning glory family, Convolvulaceae.", "Sweet potato __knowledge__ Its large, starchy, sweet-tasting, tuberous roots are a root vegetable.", "Sweet potato __knowledge__ The young leaves and shoots are sometimes eaten as greens.", "Sweet potato __knowledge__ The sweet potato is only distantly related to the potato (\"Solanum tuberosum\") and does not belong to the nightshade family, Solanaceae, but both families belong to the same taxonomic order, the Solanales.", "Sweet potato __knowledge__ The plant is a herbaceous perennial vine, bearing alternate heart-shaped or palmately lobed leaves and medium-sized sympetalous flowers." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cheesecake __knowledge__ Cheesecake is a sweet dessert consisting of one or more layers.", "Cheesecake __knowledge__ The main, and thickest layer, consists of a mixture of soft, fresh cheese (typically cream cheese or ricotta), eggs, and sugar; if there is a bottom layer it often consists of a crust or base made from crushed cookies (or digestive biscuits), graham crackers, pastry, or sponge cake.", "Cheesecake __knowledge__ It may be baked or unbaked (usually refrigerated).", "Cheesecake __knowledge__ Cheesecake is usually sweetened with sugar and may be flavored or topped with fruit, whipped cream, nuts, cookies, fruit sauce, or chocolate syrup.", "Cheesecake __knowledge__ Cheesecake can be prepared in many flavors, such as strawberry, pumpkin, key lime, chocolate, Oreo, chestnut, or toffee.", "Cheesecake __knowledge__ Smooth fresh unripened cheese sweetened with honey must be almost as old as cheese-making itself, and \"land of milk and honey\" is a deep-rooted idiom.", "Cheesecake __knowledge__ An ancient form of cheesecake may have been a popular dish in ancient Greece even prior to Romans' adoption of it with the conquest of Greece.", "Cheesecake __knowledge__ The earliest attested mention of a cheesecake is by the Greek physician Aegimus (5th century BCE), who wrote a book on the art of making cheesecakes (—\"plakountopoiikon suggramma\").", "Cheesecake __knowledge__ The earliest extant cheesecake recipes are found in Cato the Elder's \"De Agri Cultura\", which includes recipes for two cakes for religious uses: \"libum\" and \"placenta\".", "Sour cream __knowledge__ Traditionally, sour cream was made by letting cream that was skimmed off the top of milk ferment at a moderate temperature.", "Sour cream __knowledge__ The bacteria that developed during fermentation thickened the cream and made it more acidic, a natural way of preserving it.", "Sour cream __knowledge__ Traditional sour cream contains from 18 to 20 percent butterfat and gets its characteristic tang from the lactic acid created by the bacteria.", "Sour cream __knowledge__ Commercially produced sour cream usually contains 14 percent milk fat, and can contain additional thickening agents such as gelatin, rennet, guar gum and carrageenan, as well as acids to artificially sour the product.", "Borscht __knowledge__ Borscht () is a sour soup popular in several Eastern European cuisines, including Ukrainian, Russian, Polish, Belarusian, Lithuanian, Romanian, Ashkenazi Jewish and Armenian cuisines.", "Borscht __knowledge__ The variety most commonly associated with the name in English is of Ukrainian origin and includes beetroots as one of the main ingredients, which gives the dish its distinctive red color.", "Borscht __knowledge__ It shares the name, however, with a wide selection of sour-tasting soups without beetroots, such as sorrel-based green borscht, rye-based white borscht and cabbage borscht.", "Borscht __knowledge__ Borscht derives from an ancient soup originally cooked from pickled stems, leaves and umbels of common hogweed (\"Heracleum sphondylium\"), a herbaceous plant growing in damp meadows, which lent the dish its Slavic name.", "Lay's __knowledge__ Lay's is the name of a brand for a number of potato chip varieties, as well as the name of the company that founded the chip brand in the U.S. in 1932.", "Lay's __knowledge__ It is also called Frito-Lay.", "Lay's __knowledge__ Lay's has been owned by PepsiCo since 1965.", "Lay's __knowledge__ \"Lay's\" is the company's primary brand, with the exception of limited markets where other brand names are used: Walkers in the United Kingdom and Ireland; Smith's in Australia; Chipsy in Egypt; Poca in Vietnam; Tapuchips in Israel; Margarita in Colombia; Sabritas in Mexico; and, formerly, Hostess in Canada.", "Lay's __knowledge__ In 1932, salesman Herman Lay opened a snack food operation in Dorset, Ohio; and, in 1938, he purchased the Atlanta, Georgia, potato chip manufacturer \"Barrett Food Company\", renaming it \"H.W.", "Cream __knowledge__ Cream is a dairy product composed of the higher-butterfat layer skimmed from the top of milk before homogenization.", "Cream __knowledge__ In un-homogenized milk, the fat, which is less dense, will eventually rise to the top.", "Cream __knowledge__ In the industrial production of cream, this process is accelerated by using centrifuges called \"separators\".", "Cream __knowledge__ In many countries, cream is sold in several grades depending on the total butterfat content.", "Cream __knowledge__ Cream can be dried to a powder for shipment to distant markets.", "Cream __knowledge__ Cream has high levels of saturated fat.", "Cream __knowledge__ Cream skimmed from milk may be called \"sweet cream\" to distinguish it from whey cream skimmed from whey, a by-product of cheese-making.", "Pierogi __knowledge__ Pierogi ( ) (singular pieróg), also known as varenyky, are filled dumplings of Central European origin made by wrapping unleavened dough around a savory or sweet filling and cooking in boiling water.", "Pierogi __knowledge__ These dumplings are popular in West Slavic (Polish and Slovak), Hungarian, East Slavic (Belarusian, Russian, and Ukrainian), Baltic (Latvian and Lithuanian) and other Central and Eastern European cuisines where they are known under their local names.", "Pierogi __knowledge__ However, pierogi are especially almost always associated with Poland and Slovakia, where they are considered national dishes.", "Pierogi __knowledge__ Typical fillings include potato, sauerkraut, ground meat, cheese, and fruits.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Digestive biscuit __knowledge__ A digestive biscuit, sometimes described as a sweet-meal biscuit, is a semi-sweet biscuit that originated in Scotland, and is popular worldwide.", "Digestive biscuit __knowledge__ The digestive was first developed in 1839 by two Scottish doctors to aid digestion at a place called Logie Steading in Forres.", "Digestive biscuit __knowledge__ The term \"digestive\" is derived from the belief that they had antacid properties due to the use of sodium bicarbonate when they were first developed.", "Digestive biscuit __knowledge__ Historically, some producers used diastatic malt extract to \"digest\" some of the starch that existed in flour prior to baking.", "Digestive biscuit __knowledge__ First manufactured in 1892, McVitie's digestive is the best-selling biscuit in the UK.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "Field ration __knowledge__ A field ration, combat ration or ration pack is a canned or pre-packaged meal, easily prepared and eaten, transported by military troops on the battlefield.", "Field ration __knowledge__ They are distinguished from regular military rations by virtue of being designed for minimal preparation in the field, using canned, pre-cooked or freeze-dried foods, powdered beverage mixes and concentrated food bars, as well as for long shelf life.", "Field ration __knowledge__ Such meals also prove invaluable for disaster relief operations, where large stocks of these can be ferried and distributed easily, and provide basic nutritional support to victims before kitchens can be set up to produce fresh food.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cheesecake __knowledge__ Cheesecake is a sweet dessert consisting of one or more layers.", "Cheesecake __knowledge__ The main, and thickest layer, consists of a mixture of soft, fresh cheese (typically cream cheese or ricotta), eggs, and sugar; if there is a bottom layer it often consists of a crust or base made from crushed cookies (or digestive biscuits), graham crackers, pastry, or sponge cake.", "Cheesecake __knowledge__ It may be baked or unbaked (usually refrigerated).", "Cheesecake __knowledge__ Cheesecake is usually sweetened with sugar and may be flavored or topped with fruit, whipped cream, nuts, cookies, fruit sauce, or chocolate syrup.", "Cheesecake __knowledge__ Cheesecake can be prepared in many flavors, such as strawberry, pumpkin, key lime, chocolate, Oreo, chestnut, or toffee.", "Cheesecake __knowledge__ Smooth fresh unripened cheese sweetened with honey must be almost as old as cheese-making itself, and \"land of milk and honey\" is a deep-rooted idiom.", "Cheesecake __knowledge__ An ancient form of cheesecake may have been a popular dish in ancient Greece even prior to Romans' adoption of it with the conquest of Greece.", "Cheesecake __knowledge__ The earliest attested mention of a cheesecake is by the Greek physician Aegimus (5th century BCE), who wrote a book on the art of making cheesecakes (—\"plakountopoiikon suggramma\").", "Cheesecake __knowledge__ The earliest extant cheesecake recipes are found in Cato the Elder's \"De Agri Cultura\", which includes recipes for two cakes for religious uses: \"libum\" and \"placenta\".", "The Cheesecake Factory __knowledge__ The Cheesecake Factory, Inc. is a restaurant company and distributor of cheesecakes based in the United States.", "The Cheesecake Factory __knowledge__ The company operates 208 full-service restaurants: 194 under The Cheesecake Factory brand, 13 under the Grand Lux Cafe brand and one under the RockSugar Pan Asian Kitchen brand.", "The Cheesecake Factory __knowledge__ The Cheesecake Factory also operates two bakery production facilities—in Calabasas, California, and Rocky Mount, North Carolina—and licenses two bakery-based menus for other food service operators under The Cheesecake Factory Bakery Cafe marque.", "The Cheesecake Factory __knowledge__ Its cheesecakes and other baked goods can also be found in the cafes of many Barnes & Noble stores.", "List of The Big Bang Theory characters __knowledge__ The American television sitcom \"The Big Bang Theory\", created and executive produced by Chuck Lorre and Bill Prady, premiered on CBS on September 24, 2007.", "List of The Big Bang Theory characters __knowledge__ The series initially centers on five characters: roommates Leonard Hofstadter and Sheldon Cooper, two Caltech physicists; Penny, a waitress and aspiring actress who lives across the hall; and Leonard and Sheldon's friends and co-workers aerospace engineer Howard Wolowitz, and astrophysicist Raj Koothrappali.", "List of The Big Bang Theory characters __knowledge__ Over time, several supporting characters have been introduced and promoted to starring roles, including Leslie Winkle, Amy Farrah Fowler, Bernadette Rostenkowski-Wolowitz, Stuart Bloom, and Emily Sweeney.", "Penny (The Big Bang Theory) __knowledge__ Penny is a fictional character on the American CBS sitcom \"The Big Bang Theory\", portrayed by actress Kaley Cuoco.", "Penny (The Big Bang Theory) __knowledge__ She is the primary female character in the series, befriending her across-the-hall neighbors Leonard Hofstadter (Johnny Galecki) and Sheldon Cooper (Jim Parsons), two physicists who work at the nearby California Institute of Technology (Caltech).", "Penny (The Big Bang Theory) __knowledge__ Penny's lack of advanced education, but outgoing personality and common sense drastically contrast with the personalities of the primary male characters in the series, even though she is considered part of their group.", "Penny (The Big Bang Theory) __knowledge__ She is the love interest of Leonard, with whom she maintains a brief romantic relationship during the third season, which is later resumed in the fifth season and culminates in an engagement at the end of the seventh season and a wedding at the start of season 9.", "Eli's Cheesecake __knowledge__ Eli's Cheesecake is a cheesecake company based in Chicago.", "Eli's Cheesecake __knowledge__ Eli's Original Plain Cheesecake, which has been called \"Chicago's most famous dessert\", is made of cream cheese, sour cream, eggs, sugar, and vanilla in a butter shortbread cookie crust.", "Eli's Cheesecake __knowledge__ Since the introduction of Eli's Original Plain Cheesecake, the company now offers cheesecakes with various ingredients such as chocolate, fruit, or caramel, as well as other desserts like tarts, cakes, and tiramisu.", "Eli's Cheesecake __knowledge__ Eli Schulman was born in 1910 on the West Side of Chicago.", "Eli's Cheesecake __knowledge__ In 1940, he started his first venture in the restaurant business with a popular coffee shop called Eli's Ogden Huddle.", "M.H. Alshaya Co. __knowledge__ M.H.", "M.H. Alshaya Co. __knowledge__ Alshaya Co. (Alshaya) is a multinational retail franchise operator that is headquartered in Kuwait, and operates more than 80 consumer retail brands across the Middle East and North Africa, Russia, Turkey and Europe.", "M.H. Alshaya Co. __knowledge__ The company currently operates more than 3,500 stores in seven sectors – Fashion & Footwear, Health & Beauty, Food, Optics, Pharmacy, Home Furnishings and Leisure & Entertainment – and employs more than 50,000 people.", "M.H. Alshaya Co. __knowledge__ The brands managed and operated by Alshaya include Raising Canes, Mothercare, H&M, American Eagle Outfitters, Debenhams, Harvey Nichols Kuwait, Payless ShoeSource, Topshop, Starbucks, Shake Shack, The Cheesecake Factory, Pinkberry, P. F. Chang's, Le Pain Quotidien, Katsuya by Philippe Starck, The Body Shop, Make-up Art Cosmetics (MAC), Victoria's Secret, Boots pharmacy, Vision Express, Pottery Barn, Williams Sonoma, KidZania Kuwait and Milano.", "Willow Grove Park Mall __knowledge__ Willow Grove Park Mall is a three-story shopping mall located in the census-designated place of Willow Grove in Abington Township, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania at the intersection of Easton Road and Moreland Road (Pennsylvania Route 63).", "Willow Grove Park Mall __knowledge__ The mall contains over 120 stores along with several restaurants including The Cheesecake Factory.", "Willow Grove Park Mall __knowledge__ It is the 3rd most profitable mall in the Philadelphia Area.", "Willow Grove Park Mall __knowledge__ The Willow Grove Park Mall has Bloomingdale's, Sears, Primark, Macy's, and Nordstrom Rack as anchor stores.", "Willow Grove Park Mall __knowledge__ It is owned by Pennsylvania Real Estate Investment Trust (PREIT) and is the third most profitable mall in the Philadelphia area.", "Greece __knowledge__ Greece (), officially the Hellenic Republic (), historically also known as Hellas, is a country in Southern Europe, with a population of approximately /1e6 round 0 million as of .", "Greece __knowledge__ Athens is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Thessaloniki.", "Greece __knowledge__ Greece is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa.", "Greece __knowledge__ Situated on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula, it shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the northeast.", "Greece __knowledge__ The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland, the Ionian Sea to the west, the Cretan Sea and the Mediterranean Sea to the south.", "Hellenistic period __knowledge__ The Hellenistic period covers the period of Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year.", "Hellenistic period __knowledge__ The Ancient Greek word Hellas (Ἑλλάς, Ellás) is the original word for Greece, which the word Hellenistic was derived from.", "Hellenistic period __knowledge__ At this time, Greek cultural influence and power was at its peak in Europe, North Africa and Western Asia, experiencing prosperity and progress in the arts, exploration, literature, theatre, architecture, music, mathematics, philosophy, and science.", "Ancient Greece __knowledge__ Ancient Greece was a civilization belonging to a period of Greek history from the Greek Dark Ages of the 13th–9th centuries BC to the end of antiquity ( AD).", "Ancient Greece __knowledge__ Immediately following this period was the beginning of the Early Middle Ages and the Byzantine era.", "Ancient Greece __knowledge__ Roughly three centuries after the Late Bronze Age collapse of Mycenaean Greece, Greek urban poleis began to form in the 8th century BC, ushering in the period of Archaic Greece and colonization of the Mediterranean Basin.", "Ancient Greece __knowledge__ This was followed by the period of Classical Greece, an era that began with the Greco-Persian Wars, lasting from the 5th to 4th centuries BC.", "Sexuality in ancient Rome __knowledge__ Sexuality in ancient Rome, and more broadly, \"sexual attitudes and behaviors in ancient Rome,\" are indicated by Roman art, literature and inscriptions, and to a lesser extent by archaeological remains such as erotic artifacts and architecture.", "Sexuality in ancient Rome __knowledge__ It has sometimes been assumed that \"unlimited sexual license\" was characteristic of ancient Rome; Verstraete and Provençal express the opinion that this perspective was simply a Christian interpretation: \"The sexuality of the Romans has never had good press in the West ever since the rise of Christianity.", "Sexuality in ancient Rome __knowledge__ In the popular imagination and culture, it is synonymous with sexual license and abuse.\"", "Arthur de Gobineau __knowledge__ Count Joseph Arthur de Gobineau (14 July 1816 – 13 October 1882) was a French aristocrat who was best known by his contemporaries as a novelist, diplomat and travel writer but is today most remembered for developing the theory of the Aryan master race and helping to legitimise racism by scientific racist theory and \"racial demography\".", "Arthur de Gobineau __knowledge__ Gobineau was an elitist who, in the immediate aftermath of the Revolutions of 1848, wrote a 1400-page book, \"An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races\", in which he claimed that aristocrats were superior to commoners and that they possessed more Aryan genetic traits because of less interbreeding with inferior races (Alpines and Mediterraneans)." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 7, 6 ]

[ "cheesecake is a sweet dessert consisting of one or more layers. have you ever tried any?", "thethickest layer consists of a mixxture of soft fresh cheese like ricotta, eggs, and sugar. the bottom is usually of a crust or base made from crushed cookies or digestive biscuits. graham crackers is also popular. whats your faovrite type?", "stop im supposed to be the knowledgable one. jk lol. anyways an acient form of cheesecake may have also been popular in ancient greece prior to the roman's adoption of it. even freaking greeks liked cheesecake.i cant be surprised though!", "i think they do but also other foods but ive never been. smooth frsh unripened cheese swettened with honey must be almost as old as cheese making itself. land of honey is a deep rooted idiom. " ]

[ "Cheesecake", "Cheesecake", "Cheesecake", "Cheesecake" ]

[ "React (JavaScript library)\nI love to create websites! Ever use React?", "Yes, know anything about it?", "Not really, I am looking for information on it! I wonder of I can use it to help me make websites ", "Oh cool! " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ In computing, React (sometimes styled React.js or ReactJS) is a JavaScript library for building user interfaces.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It is maintained by Facebook, Instagram and a community of individual developers and corporations.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React allows developers to create large web-applications that use data and can change over time without reloading the page.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It aims primarily to provide speed, simplicity, and scalability.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React processes only user interfaces in applications.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ This corresponds to View in the Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern, and can be used in combination with other JavaScript libraries or frameworks in MVC, such as AngularJS.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React was created by Jordan Walke, a software engineer at Facebook.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ He was influenced by XHP, an HTML component framework for PHP.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It was first deployed on Facebook's newsfeed in 2011 and later on Instagram.com in 2012.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It was open-sourced at JSConf US in May 2013.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React Native, which enables native Android, iOS, and UWP development with React, was announced at Facebook's React.js Conf in February 2015 and open-sourced in March 2015.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ On April 18, 2017, Facebook announced React Fiber, a new core algorithm of React framework library for building user interfaces.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React Fiber will become the foundation of any future improvements and feature development of the React framework.", "Diving regulator __knowledge__ A diving regulator is a pressure regulator that reduces pressurized breathing gas to ambient pressure and delivers it to the diver.", "Diving regulator __knowledge__ The gas may be air or one of a variety of specially blended breathing gases.", "Diving regulator __knowledge__ The gas may be supplied from a scuba cylinder carried by the diver or via a hose from a compressor or high pressure storage cylinders at the surface in surface-supplied diving.", "Diving regulator __knowledge__ A gas pressure regulator has one or more valves in series which reduce pressure from the source, and use the downstream pressure as feedback to control the rate of flow and thereby the delivered pressure, lowering the pressure at each stage.", "React (media franchise) __knowledge__ React (sometimes stylized in all caps as REACT) is a media franchise used by the Fine Brothers consisting of several online series centering on a group of individuals reacting to viral videos, trends, video games, film trailers, or music videos.", "React (media franchise) __knowledge__ The franchise was launched with the YouTube debut of \"Kids React\" in October 2010, and then grew to encompass four more series uploaded on the Fine Brothers' primary YouTube channel, a separate YouTube channel with various reaction-related content, as well as a television series titled \"React to That\".", "React (media franchise) __knowledge__ In 2016, the duo announced \"React World\", a program and channel in which they would license the format of their \"React\" shows to creators, which led to widespread negative reception from viewers and fellow content creators, as well as confusion about what their format is.", "Mobsyte __knowledge__ Mobsyte is a website builder that allows small owners, freelancers and professionals to create websites optimized for mobile, tablet and desktop.", "Mobsyte __knowledge__ The company is headquartered in Madrid, Spain.", "Mobsyte __knowledge__ It was founded by Alejandro Sánchez Acosta (CEO) in 2013.", "Mobsyte __knowledge__ Alejandro Sánchez Acosta founded eMobc framework in 2012 to develop mobile and desktop apps.", "Mobsyte __knowledge__ He used eMobc to build Mobsyte in 2013 in order to create websites optimized for mobile, tablet and desktop.", "Mobsyte __knowledge__ Mobsyte has been finalist in several Acceleration Programs like StartupBootCamp, Plug and Play and many others.", "Web design __knowledge__ Web design encompasses many different skills and disciplines in the production and maintenance of websites.", "Web design __knowledge__ The different areas of web design include web graphic design; interface design; authoring, including standardised code and proprietary software; user experience design; and search engine optimization.", "Web design __knowledge__ Often many individuals will work in teams covering different aspects of the design process, although some designers will cover them all.", "Web design __knowledge__ The term web design is normally used to describe the design process relating to the front-end (client side) design of a website including writing mark up.", "Web design __knowledge__ Web design partially overlaps web engineering in the broader scope of web development.", "AdSense __knowledge__ Google AdSense is a program run by Google that allows publishers in the Google Network of content sites to serve automatic text, image, video, or interactive media advertisements, that are targeted to site content and audience.", "AdSense __knowledge__ These advertisements are administered, sorted, and maintained by Google.", "AdSense __knowledge__ They can generate revenue on either a per-click or per-impression basis.", "AdSense __knowledge__ Google beta-tested a cost-per-action service, but discontinued it in October 2008 in favor of a DoubleClick offering (also owned by Google).", "AdSense __knowledge__ In Q1 2014, Google earned US $3.4 billion ($13.6 billion annualized), or 22% of total revenue, through Google AdSense.", "Fine Brothers __knowledge__ Benny Fine (born March 19, 1981) and Rafi Fine (born June 9, 1983), known together as Fine Brothers Entertainment, are online producers, writers, and directors, who are best known for their \"React\" video series, their several timed-spoiler series, narrative web series, as well as creating a \"transmedia\" sitcom on YouTube, \"MyMusic\".", "Fine Brothers __knowledge__ The Fine Brothers have been creating content online since 2004.", "Fine Brothers __knowledge__ They are behind their company, Fine Brothers Entertainment, a full service production company of digital series, television shows, and feature films.", "Fine Brothers __knowledge__ The Fine Brothers channel has over 5 billion views and over 15 million subscribers." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ In computing, React (sometimes styled React.js or ReactJS) is a JavaScript library for building user interfaces.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It is maintained by Facebook, Instagram and a community of individual developers and corporations.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React allows developers to create large web-applications that use data and can change over time without reloading the page.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It aims primarily to provide speed, simplicity, and scalability.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React processes only user interfaces in applications.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ This corresponds to View in the Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern, and can be used in combination with other JavaScript libraries or frameworks in MVC, such as AngularJS.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React was created by Jordan Walke, a software engineer at Facebook.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ He was influenced by XHP, an HTML component framework for PHP.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It was first deployed on Facebook's newsfeed in 2011 and later on Instagram.com in 2012.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It was open-sourced at JSConf US in May 2013.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React Native, which enables native Android, iOS, and UWP development with React, was announced at Facebook's React.js Conf in February 2015 and open-sourced in March 2015.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ On April 18, 2017, Facebook announced React Fiber, a new core algorithm of React framework library for building user interfaces.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React Fiber will become the foundation of any future improvements and feature development of the React framework.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "You Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ \"You Don't Know Anything\" is a song by American indie rock band Ivy.", "You Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ It was released by Atlantic Records on April 29, 1999 as the fourth and final single from their second studio album, \"Apartment Life\" (1997).", "You Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ The single was made available exclusively in Europe and featured the same two B-sides as previous single, \"This Is the Day\", which had been released by 550 Music in Austria.", "You Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ The track was written by Dominique Durand, Adam Schlesinger and Andy Chase while production was handled by the latter two and Peter Nashel.", "You Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ Released alongside \"This Is the Day\", \"You Don't Know Anything\" received promotion by Atlantic Records after the former track was included on the soundtrack for the 1998 film, \"There's Something About Mary\".", "I Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ \"I Don't Know Anything\" is a song by the American rock band Mad Season, released in 1995 as the second single from the band's sole studio album, \"Above\" (1995).", "I Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ The song reached number 20 on the \"Billboard\" Mainstream Rock Tracks chart.", "I Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ The verse bar for \"I Don't Know Anything\" features a droning, overdriven guitar melody centered on the use of harmonics.", "I Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ \"I Don't Know Anything\" peaked at number 20 on the \"Billboard\" Mainstream Rock Tracks chart.", "I Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ Although the single was released to radio across North America and the world, it was only commercially available in Austria.", "I Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ \"I Don't Know Anything\" was first performed live at the band's October 12, 1994 concert in Seattle, Washington at the Crocodile Cafe.", "Philosophical skepticism __knowledge__ Philosophical skepticism (UK spelling scepticism; from Greek σκέψις \"skepsis\", \"inquiry\") is both a philosophical school of thought and a method that questions the possibility of certainty in knowledge.", "Philosophical skepticism __knowledge__ It is generally agreed that knowledge requires justification.", "Philosophical skepticism __knowledge__ It is not enough to have a true belief: one must also have good reasons for that belief.", "Philosophical skepticism __knowledge__ Skeptics claim that it is not possible to have only an adequate justification.", "Philosophical skepticism __knowledge__ Skepticism is not a single position but covers a range of different positions.", "Philosophical skepticism __knowledge__ In the ancient world there were two main skeptical traditions.", "Philosophical skepticism __knowledge__ Academic skepticism took the dogmatic position that knowledge was not possible; Pyrrhonian skeptics refused to take a dogmatic position on any issue—including skepticism.", "Apartment Life __knowledge__ Apartment Life is the second studio album by American band Ivy, released by Atlantic Records on October 6, 1997.", "Apartment Life __knowledge__ After being dropped from Seed Records following the release of \"Realistic\" in 1995, the group signed to Atlantic due to connections that Adam Schlesinger had with the record label.", "Apartment Life __knowledge__ In addition to band members Andy Chase and Schlesinger, the album was produced by Lloyd Cole and Peter Nashel.", "Apartment Life __knowledge__ In contrast to their previous releases, such as \"Lately\" (1994) and \"Realistic\", \"Apartment Life\" is a pop album with varying forms of production consisting of keyboards, brass, and string instruments.", "Above (Mad Season album) __knowledge__ Above is the only studio album by the American rock band Mad Season, released on March 14, 1995, through Columbia Records.", "Above (Mad Season album) __knowledge__ The album has been certified gold by the RIAA in the United States.", "Above (Mad Season album) __knowledge__ Layne Staley also did the album artwork on the cover.", "Above (Mad Season album) __knowledge__ During the production of Pearl Jam's \"Vitalogy\", guitarist Mike McCready went into rehabilitation in Minneapolis, Minnesota, where he met John Baker Saunders, who would a short while later become bassist in The Walkabouts.", "Above (Mad Season album) __knowledge__ In 1994, when the two returned to Seattle, they formed a side band with Screaming Trees drummer Barrett Martin.", "Above (Mad Season album) __knowledge__ Immediately the trio set up rehearsal time together and began writing material.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Java (programming language) __knowledge__ Java is a general-purpose computer-programming language that is concurrent, class-based, object-oriented, and specifically designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible.", "Java (programming language) __knowledge__ It is intended to let application developers \"write once, run anywhere\" (WORA), meaning that compiled Java code can run on all platforms that support Java without the need for recompilation.", "Java (programming language) __knowledge__ Java applications are typically compiled to bytecode that can run on any Java virtual machine (JVM) regardless of computer architecture.", "Java (programming language) __knowledge__ As of 2016, Java is one of the most popular programming languages in use, particularly for client-server web applications, with a reported 9 million developers.", "Java (software platform) __knowledge__ Java is a set of computer software and specifications developed by Sun Microsystems, which was later acquired by the Oracle Corporation, that provides a system for developing application software and deploying it in a cross-platform computing environment.", "Java (software platform) __knowledge__ Java is used in a wide variety of computing platforms from embedded devices and mobile phones to enterprise servers and supercomputers.", "Java (software platform) __knowledge__ Java applets, which are less common than standalone Java applications, run in secure, sandboxed environments to provide many features of native applications and can be embedded in HTML pages.", "Java (software platform) __knowledge__ Writing in the Java programming language is the primary way to produce code that will be deployed as byte code in a Java virtual machine (JVM); byte code compilers are also available for other languages, including Ada, JavaScript, Python, and Ruby.", "Comparison of C Sharp and Java __knowledge__ This article compares two programming languages: C# with Java.", "Comparison of C Sharp and Java __knowledge__ While the focus of this article is mainly the languages and their features, such a comparison will necessarily also consider some features of platforms and libraries.", "Comparison of C Sharp and Java __knowledge__ For a more detailed comparison of the platforms, please see Comparison of the Java and .NET platforms.", "Comparison of C Sharp and Java __knowledge__ C# and Java are similar languages that are typed statically, strongly, and manifestly.", "Comparison of C Sharp and Java __knowledge__ Both are object-oriented, and designed with semi-interpretation or runtime just-in-time compilation, and both are curly brace languages, like C and C++.", "Comparison of C Sharp and Java __knowledge__ Both languages are statically typed with class-based object orientation.", "Java __knowledge__ Java (Indonesian: Jawa; Javanese: ꦗꦮ; Sundanese: ) is an island of Indonesia.", "Java __knowledge__ At about 139,000 km, the island is comparable in size to England, the U.S. State of North Carolina, or Omsk Oblast.", "Java __knowledge__ With a population of over 141 million (the island itself) or 145 million (the administrative region), Java is home to 56.7 percent of the Indonesian population and is the world's most populous island.", "Java __knowledge__ The Indonesian capital city, Jakarta, is located on western Java.", "Java __knowledge__ Much of Indonesian history took place on Java.", "Java __knowledge__ It was the center of powerful Hindu-Buddhist empires, the Islamic sultanates, and the core of the colonial Dutch East Indies.", "Central Java __knowledge__ Central Java (; , abbreviated as Jateng) is a province of Indonesia.", "Central Java __knowledge__ This province is located in the middle of the island of Java.", "Central Java __knowledge__ Its administrative capital is Semarang.", "Central Java __knowledge__ The province is 32,800.69 km in area, approximately a quarter of the total land area of Java.", "Central Java __knowledge__ Its population was at the 2015 Census; it is the third most populated province in both Java and Indonesia after West Java and East Java.", "Central Java __knowledge__ Central Java is also a cultural concept that includes the Special Region and city of Yogyakarta as well as the Province of Central Java.", "Central Java __knowledge__ However, administratively the city and its surrounding regencies have formed a separate special region (equivalent to a province) since Indonesian independence, administrated separately.", "Medang Kingdom __knowledge__ The Medang or Mataram Kingdom was a Javanese Hindu–Buddhist kingdom that flourished between the 8th and 10th centuries.", "Medang Kingdom __knowledge__ It was based in Central Java, and later in East Java.", "Medang Kingdom __knowledge__ Established by King Sanjaya, the kingdom was ruled by the Sailendra dynasty.", "Medang Kingdom __knowledge__ During most of its history, the kingdom seems to rely heavily on agricultural pursuit, especially extensive rice farming, and later also benefited from the maritime trade.", "Medang Kingdom __knowledge__ According to foreign sources and archaeological findings, the kingdom seems to be well populated and quite prosperous.", "Medang Kingdom __knowledge__ The kingdom had developed a complex society, they had a well developed culture and had achieved a degree of sophistication and refined civilisation.", "Java performance __knowledge__ In software development, the programming language Java was historically considered slower than the fastest 3rd generation typed languages such as C and C++.", "Java performance __knowledge__ The main reason being a different language design, where after compiling, Java programs run on a Java virtual machine (JVM) rather than directly on the computer's processor as native code, as do C and C++ programs.", "Java performance __knowledge__ Performance was a matter of concern because much business software has been written in Java after the language quickly became popular in the late 1990s and early 2000s.", "Java performance __knowledge__ Since the late 1990s, the execution speed of Java programs improved significantly via introduction of just-in-time compilation (JIT) (in 1997 for Java 1.1), the addition of language features supporting better code analysis, and optimizations in the JVM (such as HotSpot becoming the default for Sun's JVM in 2000)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ In computing, React (sometimes styled React.js or ReactJS) is a JavaScript library for building user interfaces.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It is maintained by Facebook, Instagram and a community of individual developers and corporations.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React allows developers to create large web-applications that use data and can change over time without reloading the page.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It aims primarily to provide speed, simplicity, and scalability.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React processes only user interfaces in applications.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ This corresponds to View in the Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern, and can be used in combination with other JavaScript libraries or frameworks in MVC, such as AngularJS.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React was created by Jordan Walke, a software engineer at Facebook.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ He was influenced by XHP, an HTML component framework for PHP.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It was first deployed on Facebook's newsfeed in 2011 and later on Instagram.com in 2012.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It was open-sourced at JSConf US in May 2013.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React Native, which enables native Android, iOS, and UWP development with React, was announced at Facebook's React.js Conf in February 2015 and open-sourced in March 2015.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ On April 18, 2017, Facebook announced React Fiber, a new core algorithm of React framework library for building user interfaces.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React Fiber will become the foundation of any future improvements and feature development of the React framework.", "Spamdexing __knowledge__ In computing, spamdexing (also known as search engine spam, search engine poisoning, black-hat SEO, search spam or web spam) is the deliberate manipulation of search engine indexes.", "Spamdexing __knowledge__ It involves a number of methods, such as repeating unrelated phrases, to manipulate the relevance or prominence of resources indexed, in a manner inconsistent with the purpose of the indexing system.", "Spamdexing __knowledge__ It could be considered to be a part of search engine optimization, though there are many search engine optimization methods that improve the quality and appearance of the content of web sites and serve content useful to many users.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Wonder Woman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is a founding member of the Justice League, goddess, and Ambassador-at-Large of the Amazon people.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character first appeared in \"All Star Comics\" #8 in October 1941 and first cover-dated on \"Sensation Comics\" #1, January 1942.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ In her homeland, the island nation of Themyscira, her official title is Princess Diana of Themyscira, Daughter of Hippolyta.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ When blending into the society outside of her homeland, she adopts her civilian identity Diana Prince.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is also referred to by such epithets as the \"Amazing Amazon\", the \"Spirit of Truth\", \"Themyscira's Champion\", the \"God-killer\", and the \"Goddess of Love and War\".", "Social networking service __knowledge__ A social networking service (also social networking site, SNS or social media) is an online platform that people use to build social networks or social relations with other people who share similar personal or career interests, activities, backgrounds or real-life connections.", "Social networking service __knowledge__ The variety of stand-alone and built-in social networking services currently available online introduces challenges of definition; however, some common features exist: Most social-network services are web-based and provide means for users to interact over the Internet, such as by e-mail, by instant messaging and through online forums.", "Jeffrey Zeldman __knowledge__ Jeffrey Zeldman is an entrepreneur, web designer, author, podcaster and speaker on web design.", "Jeffrey Zeldman __knowledge__ He is the founder of A List Apart Magazine and the design studios Happy Cog and studio.zeldman, and the co-founder of A Book Apart and the design conference An Event Apart.", "Jeffrey Zeldman __knowledge__ He also co-hosts \"The Big Web Show\", a podcast about the web and online publishing.", "Jeffrey Zeldman __knowledge__ Zeldman has blogged and published independent web content since 1995.", "Jeffrey Zeldman __knowledge__ In 1998, he began the e-zine A List Apart, which focuses on best practices and innovations in web design and front-end development.", "Jeffrey Zeldman __knowledge__ Zeldman used A List Apart as an evangelical platform, showing designers how to use web standards to achieve accessible, search-engine-friendly sites that cost less to produce and work better across platforms.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ The following is a list of episodes from the American animated children's television series, \"Wonder Pets!\".", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ It debuted on March 3, 2006, on the Nick Jr. block of the Nickelodeon cable television network and Noggin (now Nick Jr.) on December 27, 2006.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ 1.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ Save the Dolphin!/Save the Chimp!", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ (Air Date 9/18/06) The Wonder Pets travel to Hawaii to save a baby dolphin caught in a fishing net who is in danger of drowning.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ The Wonder Pets rig their Flyboat for space travel and head for the stars to rescue a baby chimp whose spaceship is about to be hit by a meteor!", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ (Fact: Christine Ka'aloa plays the mother dolphin in this first episode.)", "Internet privacy __knowledge__ Internet privacy involves the right or mandate of personal privacy concerning the storing, repurposing, provision to third parties, and displaying of information pertaining to oneself via of the Internet.", "Internet privacy __knowledge__ Internet privacy is a subset of data privacy.", "Internet privacy __knowledge__ Privacy concerns have been articulated from the beginnings of large scale computer sharing.", "Internet privacy __knowledge__ Privacy can entail either \"Personally Identifying Information\" (PII) or non-PII information such as a site visitor's behavior on a website.", "Internet privacy __knowledge__ PII refers to any information that can be used to identify an individual.", "Internet privacy __knowledge__ For example, age and physical address alone could identify who an individual is without explicitly disclosing their name, as these two factors are unique enough to typically identify a specific person.", "Criticism of Facebook __knowledge__ Criticism of Facebook relates to how Facebook's market dominance have led to international media coverage and significant reporting of its shortcomings.", "Criticism of Facebook __knowledge__ Notable issues include Internet privacy, such as its use of a widespread \"like\" button on third-party websites tracking users, possible indefinite records of user information, automatic facial recognition software, and its role in the workplace, including employer-employee account disclosure.", "Criticism of Facebook __knowledge__ The use of Facebook can have psychological effects, including feelings of jealousy and stress, a lack of attention, and social media addiction, in some cases comparable to drug addiction.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Tad Williams __knowledge__ Robert Paul \"Tad\" Williams (born 14 March 1957 in San Jose, California) is an American fantasy and science fiction writer.", "Tad Williams __knowledge__ He is the author of the multivolume \"Memory, Sorrow, and Thorn\" series, \"Otherland\" series, and \"Shadowmarch\" series as well as the standalone novels \"Tailchaser's Song\" and \"The War of the Flowers\".", "Tad Williams __knowledge__ Most recently, Williams published \"The Bobby Dollar\" series.", "Tad Williams __knowledge__ Cumulatively, over 17 million copies of Williams's works have been sold.", "Tad Williams __knowledge__ Williams's work in comics includes a six issue mini-series for DC Comics called \"The Next\".", "Tad Williams __knowledge__ He also wrote \"\" issue #50 to #57.", "Tad Williams __knowledge__ Other comic work includes \"Mirrorworld: Rain\" and \"The Helmet of Fate: Ibis the Invincible #1\" (DC).", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump __knowledge__ This article describes the foreign policy positions taken by Donald Trump during his 2016 presidential campaign.", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump __knowledge__ In a \"New York Times\" interview in July 2016, Presidential Nominee Trump \"repeatedly defined American global interests almost purely in economic terms,\" with the nation's \"roles as a peacekeeper, as a provider of a nuclear deterrent against adversaries like North Korea, as an advocate of human rights and as a guarantor of allies' borders\" being \"quickly reduced to questions of economic benefit to the United States.\"", "Foreign policy of Donald Trump __knowledge__ A 68-page document likely written by and under the direction of the Trump administration's national security adviser, Lt. Gen. H.R.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Nous __knowledge__ Nous (British: ; US: ), sometimes equated to intellect or intelligence, is a philosophical term for the faculty of the human mind which is described in classical philosophy as necessary for understanding what is true or real.", "Nous __knowledge__ The three commonly used philosophical terms are from Greek, νοῦς or , and Latin \"intellēctus\" and \"intelligentia\" respectively.", "Nous __knowledge__ To describe the activity of this faculty, apart from verbs based on the word \"understanding\", the word \"intellection\" is sometimes used in philosophical contexts, and the Greek words \"noēsis\" and \"noein\" are sometimes also used.", "Nous __knowledge__ This activity is understood in a similar way, at least in some contexts, to the modern concept of intuition.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Maria Callas, Commendatore OMRI (; December 2, 1923 – September 16, 1977), was a Greek-American soprano, and one of the most renowned and influential opera singers of the 20th century.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Many critics praised her \"bel canto\" technique, wide-ranging voice and dramatic interpretations.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Her repertoire ranged from classical \"opera seria\" to the \"bel canto\" operas of Donizetti, Bellini and Rossini and further, to the works of Verdi and Puccini; and, in her early career, to the music dramas of Wagner.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Her musical and dramatic talents led to her being hailed as \"La Divina\".", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Born in New York City and raised by an overbearing mother, she received her musical education in Greece and established her career in Italy." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ In computing, React (sometimes styled React.js or ReactJS) is a JavaScript library for building user interfaces.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It is maintained by Facebook, Instagram and a community of individual developers and corporations.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React allows developers to create large web-applications that use data and can change over time without reloading the page.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It aims primarily to provide speed, simplicity, and scalability.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React processes only user interfaces in applications.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ This corresponds to View in the Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern, and can be used in combination with other JavaScript libraries or frameworks in MVC, such as AngularJS.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React was created by Jordan Walke, a software engineer at Facebook.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ He was influenced by XHP, an HTML component framework for PHP.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It was first deployed on Facebook's newsfeed in 2011 and later on Instagram.com in 2012.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It was open-sourced at JSConf US in May 2013.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React Native, which enables native Android, iOS, and UWP development with React, was announced at Facebook's React.js Conf in February 2015 and open-sourced in March 2015.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ On April 18, 2017, Facebook announced React Fiber, a new core algorithm of React framework library for building user interfaces.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React Fiber will become the foundation of any future improvements and feature development of the React framework.", "Uma Thurman (song) __knowledge__ \"Uma Thurman\" is a song by American rock band Fall Out Boy, released digitally on January 12, 2015.", "Uma Thurman (song) __knowledge__ The song prominently features sampled theme music from the television series \"The Munsters\" (1964–66) and lyrics celebrating the character actress Uma Thurman, famous for films such as \"Pulp Fiction\" and \"Kill Bill\".", "Uma Thurman (song) __knowledge__ The song was the fifth digital track released in build up to the band's 2015 album, \"American Beauty/American Psycho\".", "Uma Thurman (song) __knowledge__ The song was released to modern rock radio as the album's third single (second in the U.S.) in early February.", "Uma Thurman (song) __knowledge__ On March 31, 2015, \"Uma Thurman\" was released as the album's second U.S. Top 40 single.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The Bell OH-58 Kiowa is a family of single-engine, single-rotor, military helicopters used for observation, utility, and direct fire support.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ Bell Helicopter manufactured the OH-58 for the United States Army based on its Model 206A JetRanger helicopter.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The OH-58 was in continuous U.S. Army service from 1969 to 2017, when it was retired and replaced in this role by the Boeing AH-64 Apache.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The latest model, the \"OH-58D Kiowa Warrior\", is primarily operated in an armed reconnaissance role in support of ground troops.", "Bell OH-58 Kiowa __knowledge__ The OH-58 has been exported to Austria, Canada, Croatia, the Dominican Republic, Taiwan, Saudi Arabia, and Greece.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ Hydroxide is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ It consists of an oxygen and hydrogen atom held together by a covalent bond, and carries a negative electric charge.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ It is an important but usually minor constituent of water.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ It functions as a base, a ligand, a nucleophile and a catalyst.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ The hydroxide ion forms salts, some of which dissociate in aqueous solution, liberating solvated hydroxide ions.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ Sodium hydroxide is a multi-million-ton per annum commodity chemical.", "Hydroxide __knowledge__ A hydroxide attached to a strongly electropositive center may itself ionize, liberating a hydrogen cation (H), making the parent compound an acid.", "Go-ongers __knowledge__ The are the fictional eponymous protagonists of the Japanese Super Sentai series \"Engine Sentai Go-onger\".", "Go-ongers __knowledge__ To become a Go-onger, each member was chosen by fictional sentient vehicles known as Engines to battle the evil Barbaric Machine Clan Ong'er also stands for those Kenyans who believe everything they are fed by the 37 dimwits.", "Go-ongers __knowledge__ The main team based out of the RV known as , named after Saki's family dog, the Go-onger team is composed of the core three and two back-up members who support the main team.", "Go-ongers __knowledge__ Each of the Go-ongers has his/her own role call phrase and a nickname (emblazoned on their \"civilian\" clothing) before the group says , saying \"Checker Flag\" whenever they win thus finishing the episode usually still wearing their suits without theIr helmets.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ There is also a four-episode OVA sequel.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ \"Anime Midstream\", Inc. announced in December, 2008, that it acquired the license for and planned to release the anime series Matchless Raijin-Oh in the U.S. sometime in 2009 as their first anime release.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ The company began selling the first volume of the series direct from their website, as well as several other online retailers as of late December, 2009.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ The first volume contained episodes 1-5.", "Matchless Raijin-Oh __knowledge__ The second volume, containing episodes 6-10, was released in September 2010, and translated the title beginning with this volume (and current printings of the first volume are now also marketed under that title).", "David Oh __knowledge__ David H. Oh is a member of the City Council of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.", "David Oh __knowledge__ Oh was elected in November 2011 and re-elected in November 2015, and was the first Asian-American elected to public office in Philadelphia.", "David Oh __knowledge__ He is the only U.S. military veteran currently serving on the city council.", "David Oh __knowledge__ Oh was born in Philadelphia.", "David Oh __knowledge__ He has lived on the same block in Southwest Philadelphia since 1963.", "David Oh __knowledge__ Oh's father, the late Rev.", "David Oh __knowledge__ Ki Hang Oh, founded Philadelphia’s first Korean-American church in 1953 and served as its Pastor until his death in 2006.", "David Oh __knowledge__ In 1958, Oh’s cousin, In Ho Oh, a graduate student at the University of Pennsylvania, was murdered by a group of teenage boys while mailing a letter to his parents.", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ Two anime adaptations were produced; one by Toei Animation, which aired from April 4, 1998 to October 10, 1998, and another produced by NAS and animated by Studio Gallop titled \"Yu-Gi-Oh!", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ Duel Monsters\", which aired between April 2000 and September 2004.", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ The manga series has spawned a franchise that includes multiple spin-off manga and anime series, a trading card game, and numerous video games.", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ Most of the incarnations of the franchise involve the fictional trading card game known as \"Duel Monsters\", where each player uses cards to \"duel\" each other in a mock battle of fantasy \"monsters\".", "Yu-Gi-Oh! __knowledge__ This forms the basis for the real life \"Yu-Gi-Oh!", "Facebook __knowledge__ Facebook is an American online social media and social networking service company based in Menlo Park, California.", "Facebook __knowledge__ The Facebook website was launched on February 4, 2004, by Mark Zuckerberg, along with fellow Harvard College students and roommates, Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz, and Chris Hughes.", "Facebook __knowledge__ The founders had initially limited the website's membership to Harvard students; however, later they expanded it to higher education institutions in the Boston area, the Ivy League schools, and Stanford University.", "Facebook __knowledge__ Facebook gradually added support for students at various other universities, and eventually to high school students as well.", "Privacy concerns with social networking services __knowledge__ Since the arrival of early social networking sites in the early 2000s, online social networking platforms have expanded exponentially, with the biggest names in social media in the mid-2010s being Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and SnapChat.", "Privacy concerns with social networking services __knowledge__ The massive influx of personal information that has become available online and stored in the cloud has put user privacy at the forefront of discussion of the databases ability to safely store such personal information.", "Privacy concerns with social networking services __knowledge__ The extent to which users and social media platform administrators can access user profiles has become a new topic of ethical consideration and the legality, awareness and boundaries of subsequent privacy violations are critical concerns in the advance of the technological age.", "Instagram __knowledge__ Instagram is a mobile, desktop, and Internet-based photo-sharing application and service that allows users to share pictures and videos either publicly, or privately to pre-approved followers.", "Instagram __knowledge__ It was created by Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger, and launched in October 2010 as a free mobile app exclusively for the iOS operating system.", "Instagram __knowledge__ A version for Android devices was released two years later, in April 2012, followed by a feature-limited website interface in November 2012, and apps for Windows 10 Mobile and Windows 10 in April 2016 and October 2016 respectively.", "Instagram __knowledge__ It is owned by Facebook.", "Instagram __knowledge__ Instagram lets registered users upload photos or videos to the service.", "Criticism of Facebook __knowledge__ Criticism of Facebook relates to how Facebook's market dominance have led to international media coverage and significant reporting of its shortcomings.", "Criticism of Facebook __knowledge__ Notable issues include Internet privacy, such as its use of a widespread \"like\" button on third-party websites tracking users, possible indefinite records of user information, automatic facial recognition software, and its role in the workplace, including employer-employee account disclosure.", "Criticism of Facebook __knowledge__ The use of Facebook can have psychological effects, including feelings of jealousy and stress, a lack of attention, and social media addiction, in some cases comparable to drug addiction.", "Social media marketing __knowledge__ Social media marketing is the use of social media platforms and websites to promote a product or service.", "Social media marketing __knowledge__ Although the terms e-marketing and digital marketing are still dominant in academia, social media marketing is becoming more popular for both practitioners and researchers.", "Social media marketing __knowledge__ Most social media platforms have built-in data analytics tools, which enable companies to track the progress, success, and engagement of ad campaigns.", "Social media marketing __knowledge__ Companies address a range of stakeholders through social media marketing, including current and potential customers, current and potential employees, journalists, bloggers, and the general public.", "Personalized search __knowledge__ Personalized search refers to web search experiences that are tailored specifically to an individual's interests by incorporating information about the individual beyond specific query provided.", "Personalized search __knowledge__ There are two general approaches to personalizing search results, one involving modifying the user's query and the other re-ranking search results.", "Personalized search __knowledge__ Google introduced personalized search in 2004 and it was implemented in 2005 to Google search.", "Personalized search __knowledge__ Google has personalized search implemented for all users, not only those with a Google account.", "Personalized search __knowledge__ There is not much information on how exactly Google personalizes their searches; however, it is believed that they use user language, location, and web history.", "Celebrity branding __knowledge__ Celebrity branding or celebrity endorsement is a form of advertising campaign or marketing strategy used by brands, companies, or a non-profit organization which involves celebrities or a well-known person using their social status or their fame to help promote a product, service or even raise awareness on environmental or social matters.", "Celebrity branding __knowledge__ Marketers use celebrity endorsers in hopes that the positive images of the celebrity endorser of the brand will also be passed on to the products or the brand image associated with the celebrities.", "Celebrity branding __knowledge__ Celebrity endorsement is usually commonly used by fashion or beauty brands, but a non-profit organization relies on celebrities as well, as celebrities have mass communication skills which can attract people's attention and is helpful in reaching a wider audience to raise their awareness towards a certain organization or an issue." ] ]

[ 1, 52, 9, 12 ]

[ "I never have. Is it Java?", "The only thing I know is that it lets you write script but I don't really understand what that means either. Do you have any knowledge about that?", "I think Facebook uses it, maybe Instagram too", "There is something new announced this year in fact that Facebook announced about React to build interfaces. Not sure if that's helpful" ]

[ "React (JavaScript library)", "React (JavaScript library)", "React (JavaScript library)", "React (JavaScript library)" ]

[ "Role-playing game", "Really what kind roles do you act out", "That sounds interesting. What kind of action do they perform?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Role-playing game __knowledge__ A role-playing game (sometimes spelled roleplaying game and abbreviated to RPG) is a game in which players assume the roles of characters in a fictional setting.", "Role-playing game __knowledge__ Players take responsibility for acting out these roles within a narrative, either through literal acting or through a process of structured decision-making or character development.", "Role-playing game __knowledge__ Actions taken within many games succeed or fail according to a formal system of rules and guidelines.", "Role-playing game __knowledge__ There are several forms of RPG.", "Role-playing game __knowledge__ The original form, sometimes called the tabletop role-playing game (TRPG), is conducted through discussion, whereas in live action role-playing games (LARP) players physically perform their characters' actions.", "Role-playing game __knowledge__ In both of these forms, an arranger called a game master (GM) usually decides on the rules and setting to be used, acting as referee, while each of the other players plays the role of a single character.", "Role-playing game __knowledge__ Several varieties of RPG also exist in electronic media, such as multi-player text-based MUDs and their graphics-based successors, massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs).", "Role-playing game __knowledge__ Role-playing games also include single-player role-playing video games in which players control a character or team who undertake quests, and may include capabilities that advance using statistical mechanics." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Role-playing game __knowledge__ A role-playing game (sometimes spelled roleplaying game and abbreviated to RPG) is a game in which players assume the roles of characters in a fictional setting.", "Role-playing game __knowledge__ Players take responsibility for acting out these roles within a narrative, either through literal acting or through a process of structured decision-making or character development.", "Role-playing game __knowledge__ Actions taken within many games succeed or fail according to a formal system of rules and guidelines.", "Role-playing game __knowledge__ There are several forms of RPG.", "Role-playing game __knowledge__ The original form, sometimes called the tabletop role-playing game (TRPG), is conducted through discussion, whereas in live action role-playing games (LARP) players physically perform their characters' actions.", "Role-playing game __knowledge__ In both of these forms, an arranger called a game master (GM) usually decides on the rules and setting to be used, acting as referee, while each of the other players plays the role of a single character.", "Role-playing game __knowledge__ Several varieties of RPG also exist in electronic media, such as multi-player text-based MUDs and their graphics-based successors, massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs).", "Role-playing game __knowledge__ Role-playing games also include single-player role-playing video games in which players control a character or team who undertake quests, and may include capabilities that advance using statistical mechanics.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Maria Callas, Commendatore OMRI (; December 2, 1923 – September 16, 1977), was a Greek-American soprano, and one of the most renowned and influential opera singers of the 20th century.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Many critics praised her \"bel canto\" technique, wide-ranging voice and dramatic interpretations.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Her repertoire ranged from classical \"opera seria\" to the \"bel canto\" operas of Donizetti, Bellini and Rossini and further, to the works of Verdi and Puccini; and, in her early career, to the music dramas of Wagner.", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Her musical and dramatic talents led to her being hailed as \"La Divina\".", "Maria Callas __knowledge__ Born in New York City and raised by an overbearing mother, she received her musical education in Greece and established her career in Italy.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Character mask __knowledge__ In Marxist philosophy, a character mask () is a prescribed social role that serves to conceal the contradictions of a social relation or order.", "Character mask __knowledge__ The term was used by Karl Marx in various published writings from the 1840s to the 1860s, and also by Friedrich Engels.", "Character mask __knowledge__ It is related to the classical Greek concepts of mimesis (imitative representation using analogies) and prosopopoeia (impersonation or personification) as well as the Roman concept of persona, but also differs from them (see below).", "Character mask __knowledge__ The notion of character masks has been used by neo-Marxist and non-Marxist sociologists, philosophers and anthropologists to interpret how people relate in societies with a complex division of labour, where people depend on trade to meet many of their needs.", "Semidirect product __knowledge__ In mathematics, specifically in group theory, the concept of a semidirect product is a generalization of a direct product.", "Semidirect product __knowledge__ There are two closely related concepts of semidirect product: an \"inner\" semidirect product is a particular way in which a group can be constructed from two subgroups, one of which is a normal subgroup, while an \"outer\" semidirect product is a Cartesian product as a set, but with a particular multiplication operation.", "Semidirect product __knowledge__ As with direct products, there is a natural equivalence between inner and outer semidirect products, and both are commonly referred to simply as \"semidirect products\".", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton, the nominee of the Democratic Party for president of the United States in 2016, has taken positions on political issues while serving as First Lady of Arkansas (1979–81; 1983–92), First Lady of the United States (1993–2001); as U.S.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Senator from New York (2001–2009); and serving as the United States Secretary of State (2009–2013).", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In accordance with longstanding custom, during her time as Secretary of State she largely avoided taking stances on most domestic political issues.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In 2015, she announced her candidacy for the presidency.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Clinton won the Democratic primaries and formally became the party's nominee at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Role-playing video game __knowledge__ A role-playing video game (commonly referred to as role-playing game or RPG, as well as computer role-playing game or CRPG) is a video game genre where the player controls the actions of a character (and/or several party members) immersed in some well-defined world.", "Role-playing video game __knowledge__ Many role-playing video games have origins in tabletop role-playing games (Including \"Dungeons & Dragons\") and use much of the same , settings and game mechanics.", "Role-playing video game __knowledge__ Other major similarities with pen-and-paper games include developed story-telling and narrative elements, player character development, complexity, as well as replayability and immersion.", "History of Eastern role-playing video games __knowledge__ Eastern role-playing video games are role-playing video games developed in East Asia.", "History of Eastern role-playing video games __knowledge__ Most Eastern role-playing games are Japanese role-playing games (JRPG), developed in Japan.", "History of Eastern role-playing video games __knowledge__ Role-playing games are also developed in South Korea and in China.", "History of Eastern role-playing video games __knowledge__ While the Japanese video game industry has long been viewed as console-centric in the Western world, due to the worldwide success of Japanese consoles beginning with the NES, the country had in fact produced thousands of commercial personal computer games from the late 1970s up until the mid-1990s, in addition to \"dōjin soft\" independent games.", "History of Eastern role-playing video games __knowledge__ The country's computer market was very fragmented at first; \"Lode Runner\", for example, reportedly required 34 conversions to different hardware platforms.", "Tabletop role-playing game __knowledge__ A tabletop role-playing game (or pen-and-paper role-playing game) is a form of role-playing game (RPG) in which the participants describe their characters' actions through speech.", "Tabletop role-playing game __knowledge__ Participants determine the actions of their characters based on their characterization, and the actions succeed or fail according to a set formal system of rules and guidelines.", "Tabletop role-playing game __knowledge__ Within the rules, players have the freedom to improvise; their choices shape the direction and outcome of the game.", "Tabletop role-playing game __knowledge__ Unlike other types of role-playing game, tabletop RPGs are often conducted like radio drama: only the spoken component of a role is acted.", "History of live action role-playing games __knowledge__ Live action role-playing games, known as LARPs, are a form of role-playing game in which live players/actors assume roles as specific characters and play out a scenario in-character.", "History of live action role-playing games __knowledge__ Technically, many childhood games may be thought of as simple LARPs, as they often involve the assumption of character roles.", "History of live action role-playing games __knowledge__ However, the scope of this article concerns itself mainly with LARPing in a technical sense: the organized live-action role-playing games whose origins are closely related to the invention of tabletop role-playing games in America in the 1970s.", "History of live action role-playing games __knowledge__ Live-action role playing appears to have been \"invented\" several times by different groups relying on local ideas and expertise.", "Online text-based role-playing game __knowledge__ An online text-based role playing game is a role-playing game played online using a solely text-based interface.", "Online text-based role-playing game __knowledge__ Online text-based role playing games date to 1978, with the creation of \"MUD1\", which began the MUD heritage that culminates in today's MMORPGs.", "Online text-based role-playing game __knowledge__ Some online-text based role playing games are video games, but some are organized and played entirely by humans through text-based communication.", "Online text-based role-playing game __knowledge__ Over the years, games have used TELNET, internet forums, IRC, email and social networking websites as their media.", "Online text-based role-playing game __knowledge__ There are varied genres of online text-based roleplaying, including fantasy, drama, horror, anime, science fiction, and media-based fan role-play.", "Games Workshop __knowledge__ Games Workshop Group PLC (often abbreviated as GW) is a British miniature wargaming manufacturing company based in Nottingham, England.", "Games Workshop __knowledge__ Games Workshop is best known as developer and publisher of the tabletop wargames \"Warhammer Age of Sigmar\" (previously \"Warhammer Fantasy Battle\"), \"Warhammer 40,000,\" \"The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game and The Hobbit Strategy Battle Game\".", "Games Workshop __knowledge__ The company is listed on the London Stock Exchange with the symbol GAW.L.", "Games Workshop __knowledge__ The company's British operating subsidiary company is Games Workshop Limited.", "Games Workshop __knowledge__ Founded in 1975 at 15 Bolingbroke Road, London by John Peake, Ian Livingstone, and Steve Jackson (not to be confused with U.S. game designer Steve Jackson), Games Workshop was originally a manufacturer of wooden boards for games including backgammon, mancala, Nine Men's Morris, and Go." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Role-playing game __knowledge__ A role-playing game (sometimes spelled roleplaying game and abbreviated to RPG) is a game in which players assume the roles of characters in a fictional setting.", "Role-playing game __knowledge__ Players take responsibility for acting out these roles within a narrative, either through literal acting or through a process of structured decision-making or character development.", "Role-playing game __knowledge__ Actions taken within many games succeed or fail according to a formal system of rules and guidelines.", "Role-playing game __knowledge__ There are several forms of RPG.", "Role-playing game __knowledge__ The original form, sometimes called the tabletop role-playing game (TRPG), is conducted through discussion, whereas in live action role-playing games (LARP) players physically perform their characters' actions.", "Role-playing game __knowledge__ In both of these forms, an arranger called a game master (GM) usually decides on the rules and setting to be used, acting as referee, while each of the other players plays the role of a single character.", "Role-playing game __knowledge__ Several varieties of RPG also exist in electronic media, such as multi-player text-based MUDs and their graphics-based successors, massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs).", "Role-playing game __knowledge__ Role-playing games also include single-player role-playing video games in which players control a character or team who undertake quests, and may include capabilities that advance using statistical mechanics.", "Arthur Penhallow __knowledge__ Arthur Penhallow (born December 20, 1943) is a radio presenter in Detroit, Michigan who hosted afternoons on active rock station WRIF from 1970-2009.", "Arthur Penhallow __knowledge__ On March 30, 2009, WRIF owner Greater Media announced that the station and Penhallow had been unable to come to terms on a new contract.", "Arthur Penhallow __knowledge__ Penhallow was born in Honolulu, Hawaii.", "Arthur Penhallow __knowledge__ Arthur being a Vietnam veteran served in the USAF from 1962 through 1968.", "Arthur Penhallow __knowledge__ Before beginning his long tenure with WRIF, Art had toured with a band that played with the Mamas & the Papas, among others.", "Arthur Penhallow __knowledge__ Under the name \"Cicero Grimes\", he worked at WNRZ in Ann Arbor in 1970, and then moved to WRIF's predecessor, WXYZ-FM, which at the time was airing a syndicated progressive-rock format distributed by ABC called \"Love\".", "Derek Jewell __knowledge__ Derek Jewell, (1927 - 21 November 1985) was a British writer, broadcaster and music critic.", "Derek Jewell __knowledge__ A music critic for the London \"Sunday Times\" for twenty-three years, Jewell wrote extensively about jazz, and also introduced British audiences to avant garde jazz, rock and improvisational music, especially through live performances on his BBC Radio show, \"Sounds Interesting\".", "Derek Jewell __knowledge__ In addition to producing columns of music criticism for the \"Sunday Times\" (he also wrote periodically for the now-defunct \"Illustrated London News\"), Jewell was the author of a number of books about popular music including \"The Popular Voice\" (1980), \"Duke - A Portrait of Duke Ellington\" (1977), and \"Frank Sinatra\" (co-written with George Perry, 1985).", "Keith Emerson __knowledge__ Keith Noel Emerson (2 November 1944 – 11 March 2016) was an English musician and composer.", "Keith Emerson __knowledge__ He played keyboards in a number of bands before finding his first commercial success with the Nice in the late 1960s.", "Keith Emerson __knowledge__ He became internationally famous for his work with the Nice, which included writing rock arrangements of classical music.", "Keith Emerson __knowledge__ After leaving the Nice in 1970, he was a founding member of Emerson, Lake & Palmer (ELP), one of the early progressive rock supergroups.", "Keith Emerson __knowledge__ Emerson, Lake & Palmer were commercially successful through much of the 1970s, becoming one of the best-known progressive rock groups of the era.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "Nine Inch Nails __knowledge__ Nine Inch Nails, commonly abbreviated as NIN (stylized as NIИ), is an American industrial band founded in 1988 by Trent Reznor in Cleveland, Ohio.", "Nine Inch Nails __knowledge__ The band released two influential albums during the 1990s—\"The Downward Spiral\" (1994) and \"The Fragile\" (1999)—and has record sales exceeding over 20 million copies worldwide, with 10 million sales certified in the United States alone.", "Nine Inch Nails __knowledge__ Despite its success, the band has had several feuds with the corporate side of the recording industry.", "Nine Inch Nails __knowledge__ The first was its notable conflict with TVT Records regarding the band's first album, \"Pretty Hate Machine\", which led Reznor to record his follow-up album in secrecy to avoid the label's influence.", "WRIF __knowledge__ WRIF (101.1 FM) is a commercial active rock radio station licensed in Detroit, Michigan and serving Metro Detroit.", "WRIF __knowledge__ The station is currently owned by Beasley Media Group.", "WRIF __knowledge__ WRIF is a grandfathered \"Superpower\" Class B station with a signal equivalent to 92,000 watts at 500 ft; stated another way, under current U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) limits for Class B stations, WRIF would be allowed to broadcast an effective radiated power (ERP) of at most 16,000 watts using an antenna 268 meters high.", "WRIF __knowledge__ As such, the signal can be heard as far as Lexington, MI; Jackson; Chatham-Kent and Lambton County, Ontario; North Baltimore, Ohio; and occasionally as far south as Delaware, Ohio.", "Vinveli Payana Kurippugal __knowledge__ Vinveli Payana Kurippugal (Tamil: விண்வெளி பயணக் குறிப்புகள் English: \"space trip notes\") is an upcoming 2017 Non-Linear Sci-fi Tamil film written, co-produced and directed by R. Jayaprakash and produced by Yazh mozhi R Babu sankar under the company \"Lemurian thirakkalam\".", "Vinveli Payana Kurippugal __knowledge__ A sci-fi film on space tour The premise of the upcoming film Vinveli Payana Kuripugal sounds interesting, which is being helmed by debutant director Jayaprakash.", "Vinveli Payana Kurippugal __knowledge__ An over enthusiastic youngster from a semi-urban town aspires to go on a space tour and the struggles he faces to get there is what the films is all about, says Jayaprakash.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ A live action role-playing game (LARP) is a form of role-playing game where the participants physically portray their characters.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ The players pursue goals within a fictional setting represented by the real world while interacting with each other in character.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ The outcome of player actions may be mediated by game rules or determined by consensus among players.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ Event arrangers called gamemasters decide the setting and rules to be used and facilitate play.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ The first LARPs were run in the late 1970s, inspired by tabletop role-playing games and genre fiction.", "Live action role-playing game __knowledge__ The activity spread internationally during the 1980s and has diversified into a wide variety of styles.", "Quick time event __knowledge__ In video games, a quick time event (QTE) is a method of context-sensitive gameplay in which the player performs actions on the control device shortly after the appearance of an on-screen instruction/prompt.", "Quick time event __knowledge__ It allows for limited control of the game character during cut scenes or cinematic sequences in the game.", "Quick time event __knowledge__ Performing the prompted action improperly or not at all results in the character's failure at their task and often in an immediate game over.", "Quick time event __knowledge__ The term \"quick time event\" is attributed to Yu Suzuki, director of the game \"Shenmue\" which used the QTE feature (then called \"quick timer events\") to a great degree.", "Stockholm metro __knowledge__ The Stockholm metro (, literally: \"Stockholm's Tunnel Rail\") is a metro system in Stockholm, Sweden.", "Stockholm metro __knowledge__ The first line opened in 1950, and today the system has 100 stations in use, of which 47 are underground and 53 above ground.", "Stockholm metro __knowledge__ There are three coloured main lines on the tube maps.", "Stockholm metro __knowledge__ These do however form seven actual routes (with different termini).", "Stockholm metro __knowledge__ Routes number 17, 18 and 19 (belonging to the green main line), 13 and 14 (red main line) and 10 and 11 (blue main line) all go through Stockholm City Centre in a very centralized metro system.", "Stockholm metro __knowledge__ All seven actual lines use The \"T-Centralen\" hub station.", "Stockholm metro __knowledge__ Apart from this Central Station for the metro, there exists just one other junction, the \"Fridhemsplan\" station, although both the green and red lines are mutually accessible at the \"Slussen\" and \"Gamla Stan\" stations.", "List of Fullmetal Alchemist characters __knowledge__ The \"Fullmetal Alchemist\" manga and anime series feature an extensive cast of fictional characters created by Hiromu Arakawa.", "List of Fullmetal Alchemist characters __knowledge__ The story is set in a fictional universe within the 20th century in which alchemy is one of the most advanced scientific techniques.", "List of Fullmetal Alchemist characters __knowledge__ Although they basically start the same, the first anime, midway through its run, begins to differ greatly from the original manga; characters that are killed early on in the manga survive to the end of the first anime and vice versa.", "List of Fullmetal Alchemist characters __knowledge__ The second anime's (\"\") events, however, faithfully follow those from the manga.", "List of Fullmetal Alchemist characters __knowledge__ The story follows the adventures of two alchemist brothers named Edward and Alphonse Elric.", "Satellaview games from The Legend of Zelda series __knowledge__ Between August 6, 1995 and May 30, 1999 Nintendo in collaboration with St.GIGA broadcast three different \"The Legend of Zelda\" titles to fans for download via the Super Famicom's Satellaview subsystem.", "Satellaview games from The Legend of Zelda series __knowledge__ BS Zelda no Densetsu, BS Zelda no Densetsu: MAP2, and BS Zelda no Densetsu: Inishie no Sekiban all featured SoundLink narration which was the first time that Nintendo-sponsored \"Zelda\" titles made use of voice-actors to provide vocal tracks.", "Satellaview games from The Legend of Zelda series __knowledge__ As the first SoundLink Game released via Satellaview, \"BS Zelda no Densetsu\" in particular was identified by Nintendo as the world's first integrated radio-game.", "List of Masters of the Universe characters __knowledge__ The Masters of the Universe franchise debuted in 1982, the creation of American company Mattel.", "List of Masters of the Universe characters __knowledge__ The MOTU characters have appeared in a wide variety of different forms, including toys, animation, film, comics, books, videogames and spin-offs.", "List of Masters of the Universe characters __knowledge__ All of these characters were released in the vintage Mattel toyline.", "List of Masters of the Universe characters __knowledge__ He-Man is \"the most powerful man in the universe\" and in most media he is the alter-ego of Prince Adam.", "List of Masters of the Universe characters __knowledge__ He is armed with a power harness that enhances his strength, the Sword of Power, a battle axe, and a shield.", "List of Masters of the Universe characters __knowledge__ Early media, such as the minicomics packaged with the original run of action figures, also depicts him carrying a knife." ] ]

[ 2, 5, 8 ]

[ "I love role playing games being able to act out the roles within a narrative.", "Well, In the Original Form its through discussion type, whereas In live action, the players physically perform the character actions.", "Some RPG perform single player roles where they undertake quests. Thats my favorite." ]

[ "Role-playing game", "Role-playing game", "Role-playing game" ]

[ "Rita Hayworth\nRita Hayworth is one of the people I dream about meeting, are you familiar with her?", "Yeah she was a great dancer and also a great actress I think. I think her death really made Alzheimer's more well known.", "Yeah she was one of the most popular pin-up girls. Are you familiar with any of her movies?", "That one is a classic for sure, and one of my favorites. As a side note, I think Rita was married like five different times, pretty crazy." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Rita Hayworth (born Margarita Carmen Cansino; October 17, 1918May 14, 1987) was an American actress and dancer.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ She achieved fame during the 1940s as one of the era's top stars, appearing in a total of 61 films over 37 years.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ The press coined the term \"The Love Goddess\" to describe Hayworth after she had become the most glamorous screen idol of the 1940s.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ She was the top pin-up girl for GIs during World War II.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Hayworth is perhaps best known for her performance in the 1946 film noir, \"Gilda\", opposite Glenn Ford, in which she played the \"femme fatale\" in her first major dramatic role.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Fred Astaire, with whom she made two films, called her his favorite dance partner.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Her greatest success was in the Technicolor musical \"Cover Girl\" (1944), with Gene Kelly.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ She is listed as one of the top 25 female motion picture stars of all time in the American Film Institute's survey, AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ In 1980, Hayworth was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, which contributed to her death at age 68.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ The public disclosure and discussion of her illness drew attention to Alzheimer's, and helped to increase public and private funding for Alzheimer's research.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Hayworth was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1918 as Margarita Carmen Cansino, the oldest child of two dancers.", "Orson Welles __knowledge__ George Orson Welles (; May 6, 1915 – October 10, 1985) was an American actor, director, writer, and producer who worked in theatre, radio, and film.", "Orson Welles __knowledge__ He is remembered for his innovative work in all three: in theatre, most notably \"Caesar\" (1937), a Broadway adaptation of William Shakespeare's \"Julius Caesar\"; in radio, the legendary 1938 broadcast \"The War of the Worlds\"; and in film, \"Citizen Kane\" (1941), consistently ranked as one of the greatest films ever made.", "Orson Welles __knowledge__ In his 20s, Welles directed a number of high-profile stage productions for the Federal Theatre Project, including an adaptation of \"Macbeth\" with an entirely African American cast, and the political musical \"The Cradle Will Rock\".", "Black dress of Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ In the 1946 film \"Gilda\", Rita Hayworth wore a black dress made by American costume designer Jean Louis.", "Black dress of Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ It was used in one of the most famous scenes of the film: one in which the character of Gilda sings the song \"Put the Blame on Mame\", improvising a quick striptease, choreographed by Jack Cole.", "Black dress of Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ The dress has helped consolidate the image of the \"femme fatale\", as well as being universally recognized as an icon of fashion and cinema.", "Black dress of Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ \"The Independent\" named it as one of the Ten Best Fashion Moments in Film.", "Black dress of Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Jean Louis, Columbia Pictures costume designer, collaborated with the actress Rita Hayworth in nine films from the 1945 until 1959.", "The Shawshank Redemption __knowledge__ The Shawshank Redemption is a 1994 American drama film written and directed by Frank Darabont, based on the 1982 Stephen King novella \"Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption\".", "The Shawshank Redemption __knowledge__ It tells the story of banker Andy Dufresne (Tim Robbins), who is sentenced to life in Shawshank State Penitentiary for the murder of his wife and her lover, despite his claims of innocence.", "The Shawshank Redemption __knowledge__ Over the following two decades, he befriends a fellow prisoner, contraband smuggler Ellis \"Red\" Redding (Morgan Freeman), and becomes instrumental in a money laundering operation led by the prison warden Samuel Norton (Bob Gunton).", "The Shawshank Redemption __knowledge__ William Sadler, Clancy Brown, Gil Bellows, and James Whitmore appear in supporting roles.", "Vinton Hayworth __knowledge__ Vinton Hayworth (June 4, 1906 – May 21, 1970), also known as Jack Arnold and Vincent Haworth, was an American actor, playwright and screenwriter who began in weaselly and milquetoast roles and aged into dignified character parts.", "Vinton Hayworth __knowledge__ He appeared in over 90 films during his career, as well as on numerous television shows.", "Vinton Hayworth __knowledge__ He is most likely best known for his final role, that of General Schaeffer on the sit-com \"I Dream of Jeannie\", which he played on the final three seasons of the show.", "Vinton Hayworth __knowledge__ He is the uncle to film legend, Rita Hayworth, as well as being the uncle (by marriage) of another screen legend, Ginger Rogers.", "Only Angels Have Wings __knowledge__ Only Angels Have Wings is a 1939 American drama film directed by Howard Hawks, and starring Cary Grant and Jean Arthur, based on a story written by Hawks.", "Only Angels Have Wings __knowledge__ The film also marked the first significant role in a major film for Rita Hayworth.", "Only Angels Have Wings __knowledge__ It is generally regarded as being among Hawks' finest films, particularly in its portrayal of the professionalism of the pilots of the film, its atmosphere, and the flying sequences.", "Only Angels Have Wings __knowledge__ The supporting cast features Thomas Mitchell and Richard Barthelmess.", "Only Angels Have Wings __knowledge__ \"Only Angels Have Wings\" was based on a number of real incidents witnessed by Hawks, and although \"Air Mail\" (1932), \"Night Flight\" (1933), \"Ceiling Zero\" (1936, also directed by Hawks) and \"Flight From Glory\" (1937) have similar stories, they are not related.", "Prince Aly Khan __knowledge__ Prince Ali Salman Aga Khan (13 June 1911 – 12 May 1960), known as Aly Khan, was a son of Sultan Mahommed Shah, Aga Khan III, the leader of the Nizārī Ismā'īlī Muslims, a sect of Shia Islam, and the father of Aga Khan IV.", "Prince Aly Khan __knowledge__ A socialite, racehorse owner and jockey, he was the third husband of actress Rita Hayworth.", "Prince Aly Khan __knowledge__ After being passed over for succession as Aga Khan, he served as the Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the United Nations, where he became a vice president of the General Assembly.", "Prince Aly Khan __knowledge__ His first name was typically spelled \"Aly\" in the press.", "Prince Aly Khan __knowledge__ The titles of prince and princess, which are claimed by children of the Aga Khan by virtue of their descent from the Qajar king Fath Ali Shah of the Persian Qajar dynasty, were recognized as courtesy titles by the British government in 1938." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Rita Hayworth (born Margarita Carmen Cansino; October 17, 1918May 14, 1987) was an American actress and dancer.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ She achieved fame during the 1940s as one of the era's top stars, appearing in a total of 61 films over 37 years.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ The press coined the term \"The Love Goddess\" to describe Hayworth after she had become the most glamorous screen idol of the 1940s.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ She was the top pin-up girl for GIs during World War II.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Hayworth is perhaps best known for her performance in the 1946 film noir, \"Gilda\", opposite Glenn Ford, in which she played the \"femme fatale\" in her first major dramatic role.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Fred Astaire, with whom she made two films, called her his favorite dance partner.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Her greatest success was in the Technicolor musical \"Cover Girl\" (1944), with Gene Kelly.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ She is listed as one of the top 25 female motion picture stars of all time in the American Film Institute's survey, AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ In 1980, Hayworth was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, which contributed to her death at age 68.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ The public disclosure and discussion of her illness drew attention to Alzheimer's, and helped to increase public and private funding for Alzheimer's research.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Hayworth was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1918 as Margarita Carmen Cansino, the oldest child of two dancers.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Maureen O'Hara __knowledge__ Maureen O'Hara (born Maureen FitzSimons; 17 August 192024 October 2015) was an Irish actress and singer.", "Maureen O'Hara __knowledge__ The famously red-headed O'Hara was known for her beauty and playing fiercely passionate but sensible heroines, often in westerns and adventure films.", "Maureen O'Hara __knowledge__ She worked on numerous occasions with director John Ford and longtime friend John Wayne, and was one of the last surviving stars from the Golden Age of Hollywood.", "Maureen O'Hara __knowledge__ O'Hara grew up at 32 Beechwood Avenue Upper in the Dublin suburb of Ranelagh to an \"eccentric\" but devout Catholic family, and aspired to become an actress from a very young age.", "Maureen O'Hara __knowledge__ She trained with the Rathmines Theatre Company from the age of 10 and at the Abbey Theatre from the age of 14.", "Tracey Ullman __knowledge__ Tracey Ullman (born 30 December 1959) is an English-born actress, comedian, singer, dancer, screenwriter, producer, director, author and businesswoman.", "Tracey Ullman __knowledge__ She holds both British and American citizenship.", "Tracey Ullman __knowledge__ Her earliest appearances were on British television sketch comedy shows \"A Kick Up the Eighties\" (with Rik Mayall and Miriam Margolyes) and \"Three of a Kind\" (with Lenny Henry and David Copperfield).", "Tracey Ullman __knowledge__ After a brief singing career, she appeared as Candice Valentine in \"Girls on Top\" with Dawn French and Jennifer Saunders.", "Tracey Ullman __knowledge__ She emigrated from the United Kingdom to the United States where she starred in her own network television comedy series, \"The Tracey Ullman Show\", from 1987 until 1990.", "Vivien Leigh __knowledge__ Vivien Leigh (born Vivian Mary Hartley, and also known as Lady Olivier after 1947; 5 November 19138 July 1967) was an English stage and film actress.", "Vivien Leigh __knowledge__ She won two Academy Awards for Best Actress, for her iconic performances as Scarlett O'Hara in \"Gone with the Wind\" (1939) and Blanche DuBois in the film version of \"A Streetcar Named Desire\" (1951), a role she had also played on stage in London's West End in 1949.", "Vivien Leigh __knowledge__ She also won a Tony Award for her work in the Broadway musical version of \"Tovarich\" (1963).", "Vivien Leigh __knowledge__ After completing her drama school education, Leigh appeared in small roles in four films in 1935 and progressed to the role of heroine in \"Fire Over England\" (1937).", "Peggy Mitchell __knowledge__ Margaret Ann \"Peggy\" Mitchell (also Butcher) is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\".", "Peggy Mitchell __knowledge__ Peggy was initially played by Jo Warne when she first appeared in the episode broadcast on 30 April 1991, featuring in 10 episodes.", "Peggy Mitchell __knowledge__ Peggy was reintroduced in 1994, recast to Barbara Windsor, who made her first appearance in the episode broadcast on 7 November 1994.", "Peggy Mitchell __knowledge__ Peggy became a regular character, and Windsor played the role until she was forced to take a long break due to poor health and departed on 23 May 2003.", "Peggy Mitchell __knowledge__ She returned for two episodes broadcast on 16 and 17 September 2004, before rejoining as a regular character on 8 September 2005.", "Orson Welles __knowledge__ George Orson Welles (; May 6, 1915 – October 10, 1985) was an American actor, director, writer, and producer who worked in theatre, radio, and film.", "Orson Welles __knowledge__ He is remembered for his innovative work in all three: in theatre, most notably \"Caesar\" (1937), a Broadway adaptation of William Shakespeare's \"Julius Caesar\"; in radio, the legendary 1938 broadcast \"The War of the Worlds\"; and in film, \"Citizen Kane\" (1941), consistently ranked as one of the greatest films ever made.", "Orson Welles __knowledge__ In his 20s, Welles directed a number of high-profile stage productions for the Federal Theatre Project, including an adaptation of \"Macbeth\" with an entirely African American cast, and the political musical \"The Cradle Will Rock\".", "Black dress of Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ In the 1946 film \"Gilda\", Rita Hayworth wore a black dress made by American costume designer Jean Louis.", "Black dress of Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ It was used in one of the most famous scenes of the film: one in which the character of Gilda sings the song \"Put the Blame on Mame\", improvising a quick striptease, choreographed by Jack Cole.", "Black dress of Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ The dress has helped consolidate the image of the \"femme fatale\", as well as being universally recognized as an icon of fashion and cinema.", "Black dress of Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ \"The Independent\" named it as one of the Ten Best Fashion Moments in Film.", "Black dress of Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Jean Louis, Columbia Pictures costume designer, collaborated with the actress Rita Hayworth in nine films from the 1945 until 1959.", "The Shawshank Redemption __knowledge__ The Shawshank Redemption is a 1994 American drama film written and directed by Frank Darabont, based on the 1982 Stephen King novella \"Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption\".", "The Shawshank Redemption __knowledge__ It tells the story of banker Andy Dufresne (Tim Robbins), who is sentenced to life in Shawshank State Penitentiary for the murder of his wife and her lover, despite his claims of innocence.", "The Shawshank Redemption __knowledge__ Over the following two decades, he befriends a fellow prisoner, contraband smuggler Ellis \"Red\" Redding (Morgan Freeman), and becomes instrumental in a money laundering operation led by the prison warden Samuel Norton (Bob Gunton).", "The Shawshank Redemption __knowledge__ William Sadler, Clancy Brown, Gil Bellows, and James Whitmore appear in supporting roles.", "Only Angels Have Wings __knowledge__ Only Angels Have Wings is a 1939 American drama film directed by Howard Hawks, and starring Cary Grant and Jean Arthur, based on a story written by Hawks.", "Only Angels Have Wings __knowledge__ The film also marked the first significant role in a major film for Rita Hayworth.", "Only Angels Have Wings __knowledge__ It is generally regarded as being among Hawks' finest films, particularly in its portrayal of the professionalism of the pilots of the film, its atmosphere, and the flying sequences.", "Only Angels Have Wings __knowledge__ The supporting cast features Thomas Mitchell and Richard Barthelmess.", "Only Angels Have Wings __knowledge__ \"Only Angels Have Wings\" was based on a number of real incidents witnessed by Hawks, and although \"Air Mail\" (1932), \"Night Flight\" (1933), \"Ceiling Zero\" (1936, also directed by Hawks) and \"Flight From Glory\" (1937) have similar stories, they are not related.", "Prince Aly Khan __knowledge__ Prince Ali Salman Aga Khan (13 June 1911 – 12 May 1960), known as Aly Khan, was a son of Sultan Mahommed Shah, Aga Khan III, the leader of the Nizārī Ismā'īlī Muslims, a sect of Shia Islam, and the father of Aga Khan IV.", "Prince Aly Khan __knowledge__ A socialite, racehorse owner and jockey, he was the third husband of actress Rita Hayworth.", "Prince Aly Khan __knowledge__ After being passed over for succession as Aga Khan, he served as the Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the United Nations, where he became a vice president of the General Assembly.", "Prince Aly Khan __knowledge__ His first name was typically spelled \"Aly\" in the press.", "Prince Aly Khan __knowledge__ The titles of prince and princess, which are claimed by children of the Aga Khan by virtue of their descent from the Qajar king Fath Ali Shah of the Persian Qajar dynasty, were recognized as courtesy titles by the British government in 1938.", "Susie Diamond __knowledge__ Susie Diamond is a fictional character who appears in the romantic comedy-drama film \"The Fabulous Baker Boys\" (1989).", "Susie Diamond __knowledge__ Portrayed by actress Michelle Pfeiffer, Susie is a former escort who becomes a professional lounge singer when she is hired to help revitalize the career of The Fabulous Baker Boys, a waning piano duo consisting of brothers Jack (Jeff Bridges) and Frank Baker (Beau Bridges).", "Susie Diamond __knowledge__ Susie's addition to the group ultimately proves beneficial to both the trio's career and her own, but she also inadvertently generates conflict between the two brothers as Frank strongly disapproves of Jack's romantic interest in Susie, jeopardizing both the brothers' relationship and the trio's future as a musical act." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Rita Hayworth (born Margarita Carmen Cansino; October 17, 1918May 14, 1987) was an American actress and dancer.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ She achieved fame during the 1940s as one of the era's top stars, appearing in a total of 61 films over 37 years.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ The press coined the term \"The Love Goddess\" to describe Hayworth after she had become the most glamorous screen idol of the 1940s.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ She was the top pin-up girl for GIs during World War II.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Hayworth is perhaps best known for her performance in the 1946 film noir, \"Gilda\", opposite Glenn Ford, in which she played the \"femme fatale\" in her first major dramatic role.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Fred Astaire, with whom she made two films, called her his favorite dance partner.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Her greatest success was in the Technicolor musical \"Cover Girl\" (1944), with Gene Kelly.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ She is listed as one of the top 25 female motion picture stars of all time in the American Film Institute's survey, AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ In 1980, Hayworth was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, which contributed to her death at age 68.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ The public disclosure and discussion of her illness drew attention to Alzheimer's, and helped to increase public and private funding for Alzheimer's research.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Hayworth was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1918 as Margarita Carmen Cansino, the oldest child of two dancers.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ TRL's Number Ones is the collection of music videos that had reached the number-one spot on the daily music video countdown show \"Total Request Live\" which aired on MTV from 1998 to 2008.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ Usually the same video will stay on the number-one spot for a series of weeks but after a certain period it will be retired or honorably discharged from the countdown and be put into the hall of fame.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ The music video is usually determined various ways such as voting online on MTV.com, the \"Billboard\" charts, ratings on the radio and downloads over the internet.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ January 2: \"Lose Yourself\" - Eminem January 3: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 6: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 7: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 8: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 9: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 10: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 13: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 14: \"All I Have\" - Jennifer Lopez featuring LL Cool J January 15: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 16: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 17: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 22: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 23: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 24: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 28: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 29: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 30: \"Bump, Bump, Bump\" - B2K featuring P. Diddy January 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 3: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 4: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 7: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 10: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 11: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 12: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 14: Valentine's Day Special #1 Video: \"Why I Love You\" - B2K February 17: TRL Awards #1 Video: \"Larger Than Life\" - Backstreet Boys February 18: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 19: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 20: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 21: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 24: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 25: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 26: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake February 27: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 28: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 3: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 4: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 7: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 10: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 11: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 12: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 14: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 17: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 18: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 19: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 20: Coverage on the war in Iraq March 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 24: \"The Hell Song\" - Sum 41 March 25: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 26: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 1: \"Girlfriend\" - B2K April 2: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 3: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 4: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 7: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 8: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 9: \"Addicted\" - Simple Plan April 10: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 11: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 15: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 16: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 17: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 18: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 22: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 23: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 24: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 25: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 28: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 29: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 30: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 1: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 2: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 5: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 6: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 7: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 8: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 9: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 12: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 13: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 15: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 16: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 19: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 20: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 22: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 26: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 27: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 28: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 29: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 30: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 2: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 3: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 4: \"Rock Wit U\" - Ashanti June 5: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 9: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 10: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 11: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 12: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 16: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 17: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 18: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 19: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 23: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 24: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 25: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 26: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 30: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 1: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 2: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 3: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 7: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 8: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 9: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 10: Dynamic Duos #1 Video: \"Girlfriend ( Remix )\"- 'N Sync featuring Nelly July 11: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 14: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 15: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 16: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 17: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 18: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 21: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 22: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 23: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 24: Funniest Video #1 Video: \"Without Me\" - Eminem July 25: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 28: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 29: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 30: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 31: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 1: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 4: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 5: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 6: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 7: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 8: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 11: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 12: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 13: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 14: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 15: August 18: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 19: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 20: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 21: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 26: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 27: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy August 28: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 29: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 2: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 3: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 4: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 5: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 8: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 9: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 10: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 11: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 12: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 15: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 17: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 18: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 19: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 23: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 24: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 25: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 26: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 29: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 30: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 1: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 2: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 3: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell October 6: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 7: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul October 8: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 9: \"Perfect\" - Simple Plan October 10: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 14: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 15: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 17: \"Trouble\" - P!nk October 18: \"Trouble\" - Pink October 21: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 23: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 27: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 28: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 29: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 30: \"Will You\" - P. O. D. October 31: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 3: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 4: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 5: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 6: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 7: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 11: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 12: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 13: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 14: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 17: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 18: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 19: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 20: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 24: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 25: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 1: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 2: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 3: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 4: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 5: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 8: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 11: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 16: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 17: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 18: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 19: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 22: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 23: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 29: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit December 30: Song Of The Year: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 5: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 6: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 7: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 8: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 13: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 14: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 16: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 19: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 21: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 22: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 26: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 27: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 28: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 29: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 30: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring Jason Weaver February 2: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 9: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 10: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 11: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 12: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 13: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte February 16: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 17: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 18: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 19: \"Sorry 2004\" - Ruben Studdard February 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 23: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 24: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 25: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon February 27: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 2: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 3: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 4: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 5: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 8: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears March 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 10: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 11: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 15: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 16: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 17: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 18: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 22: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 23: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 24: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 25: \"My Band\" - D12 March 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 29: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 30: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 31: \"My Band\" - D12 April 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 5: \"Naughty Girl\" - Beyoncé April 6: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 7: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 8: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 13: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 14: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 15: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 16: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 19: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 20: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 21: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 22: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 23: \"My Band\" - D12 April 26: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 27: \"My Band\" - D12 April 28: \"My Band\" - D12 April 29: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears May 3: \"My Band\" - D12 May 4: \"My Band\" - D12 May 5: \"My Band\" - D12 May 6: \"My Band\" - D12 May 7: \"My Band\" - D12 May 10: \"My Band\" - D12 May 11: \"My Band\" - D12 May 17: \"My Band\" - D12 May 18: \"Burn\" - Usher May 19: \"Burn\" - Usher May 20: \"Burn\" - Usher May 21: \"Burn\" - Usher May 24: \"My Band\" - D12 May 25: \"Burn\" - Usher May 26: \"Burn\" - Usher May 27: \"My Band\" - D12 May 28: \"My Band\" - D12 May 31: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 1: \"Burn\" - Usher June 2: \"Burn\" - Usher June 3: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 4: \"My Band\" - D12 June 7: \"My Band\" - D12 June 8: \"Burn\" - Usher June 9: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 10: Cross Country Countdown #1 Video: \"Forgot About Dre\" - Dr. Dre featuring Eminem June 11: \"Burn\" - Usher June 14: \"Burn\" - Usher June 15: \"How Come\" - D12 June 16: \"How Come\" - D12 June 17: \"How Come\" - D12 June 18: \"How Come\" - D12 June 21: \"How Come\" - D12 June 22: \"How Come\" - D12 June 23: \"Leave (Get Out)\" - JoJo June 24: \"How Come\" - D12 June 25: \"How Come\" - D12 June 28: \"Leave ( Get Out )\" - JoJo June 29: \"How Come\" - D12 June 30: \"Confessions Pt.", "Samantha Fox __knowledge__ Samantha Karen Fox is an English singer, songwriter, actress and former glamour model.", "Samantha Fox __knowledge__ In 1983, at age 16, she began appearing as a topless model on Page 3 of British tabloid newspaper \"The Sun\", and continued as a Page 3 girl until 1986.", "Samantha Fox __knowledge__ During this time, she became the most popular pin-up girl of her era, as well as one of the most photographed British women of the 1980s.", "Samantha Fox __knowledge__ In 1986, she launched her pop music career with her debut single \"Touch Me (I Want Your Body)\", which peaked at number-one in 17 countries.", "Samantha Fox __knowledge__ In 1988, Fox received a Brit Award nomination for Best British Female Artist.", "Samantha Fox __knowledge__ She has also appeared in a number of films and reality television shows, and has occasionally worked as a television presenter.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Movie Star News __knowledge__ Movie Star News was a NYC landmark and is a collection of vintage pin-up, bondage, and Hollywood publicity photos amassed over the course of 73 years by Irving Klaw, his sister Paula Klaw and nephew Ira Kramer– nearly 3 million images and 250,000 negatives, including 1,500 prints of Bettie Page, known as the queen of pin-ups.", "Movie Star News __knowledge__ The bulk of the film collection covers the years 1938 to 1979 with many photos dating back to 1915; 11,500 movies and 5,000 actors are represented.", "Movie Star News __knowledge__ The family business, which eventually became Movie Star News, began in 1938 when he and his sister Paula opened a struggling used bookstore at 209 East 14th Street in Manhattan.", "Lana Turner __knowledge__ Lana Turner (; born Julia Jean Turner; February 8, 1921 – June 29, 1995) was an American actress who over the course of her nearly 50-year career achieved fame as both a pin-up model and a dramatic actress as well as for her highly publicized personal life.", "Lana Turner __knowledge__ Turner was discovered in 1936 at the Top Hat Malt Shop in Hollywood, California.", "Lana Turner __knowledge__ At the age of 16, she was signed to a personal contract by Warner Bros. director Mervyn LeRoy, who took her with him when he moved to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1938.", "Lana Turner __knowledge__ Turner attracted attention in her first film, LeRoy's \"They Won't Forget\" (1937), and she later starred in featured roles, often as an ingénue.", "Gloria Nord __knowledge__ Gloria Nord (August 2, 1922 – December 30, 2009), born \"Gloria Nordskog,\" was an American roller skater, ice skater and pin-up girl who became known as \"Sonja Henie on wheels,\" and \"the Sonja Henie of the roller rinks.\"", "Gloria Nord __knowledge__ Nord was reportedly \"adored by millions in the 1940s and 1950s for her balletic finesse and theatrical flamboyance.\"", "Gloria Nord __knowledge__ Nord grew up in Santa Monica and Hollywood, California.", "Gloria Nord __knowledge__ Nord was the youngest of five children of Andre Nordskog, a noted concert singer.", "Gloria Nord __knowledge__ Nord studied dance and, at age 15, she was an established child entertainer.", "Gloria Nord __knowledge__ She attended Miss Long's Professional School, a school for stage kids in Hollywood.", "My Favorite Thing Is Monsters __knowledge__ My Favorite Thing Is Monsters is the debut graphic novel of Emil Ferris.", "My Favorite Thing Is Monsters __knowledge__ It portrays a young girl named Karen Reyes investigating the death of her neighbor in 1960's Chicago.", "My Favorite Thing Is Monsters __knowledge__ Ferris started working on the graphic novel after contracting West Nile virus and becoming paralyzed at age 40.", "My Favorite Thing Is Monsters __knowledge__ She attended the School of the Art Institute of Chicago for writing and began the graphic novel to help her recover in 2010, taking six years to create 700 pages.", "My Favorite Thing Is Monsters __knowledge__ The graphic novel draws on Ferris's childhood growing up in Chicago and her love of monsters and horror media.", "My Favorite Thing Is Monsters __knowledge__ The process of creating the work was difficult, with Ferris living very frugally and working long hours, and publishing met setbacks such as Ferris needing to find a new publisher and the first volume's printing being temporarily seized en route at the Panama Canal.", "Title of show __knowledge__ [title of show] is a one-act musical, with music and lyrics by Jeff Bowen and a book by Hunter Bell.", "Title of show __knowledge__ The show chronicles its own creation as an entry in the New York Musical Theatre Festival, and follows the struggles of the author and composer/lyricist and their two actress friends during the initial brief (three-week) creative period, along with subsequent events leading up to the show's production.", "Title of show __knowledge__ \"[title of show]\" was chosen for production by the Musical Theatre Festival and premiered there, in September 2004, in New York City.", "Title of show __knowledge__ It later ran off-Broadway at the Vineyard Theatre in 2006, earning a second limited run the same year, then played at Broadway's Lyceum Theatre in 2008 for 13 previews and 102 regular performances.", "Geographic information system __knowledge__ A geographic information system (GIS) is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present spatial or geographic data.", "Geographic information system __knowledge__ The acronym GIS is sometimes used for geographic information science (GIScience) to refer to the academic discipline that studies geographic information systems and is a large domain within the broader academic discipline of geoinformatics.", "Geographic information system __knowledge__ What goes beyond a GIS is a spatial data infrastructure, a concept that has no such restrictive boundaries.", "Geographic information system __knowledge__ In general, the term describes any information system that integrates, stores, edits, analyzes, shares, and displays geographic information.", "GI Coffeehouses __knowledge__ GI Coffeehouses were a consequential part of the antiwar movement during the Vietnam War era, particularly the resistance to the war within the U.S. military.", "GI Coffeehouses __knowledge__ They were mainly organized by civilian antiwar activists as a method of supporting antiwar and anti-military sentiment among GIs, but many GIs participated as well.", "GI Coffeehouses __knowledge__ They were created in numerous cities and towns near U.S. military bases throughout the U.S as well as Germany and Japan.", "GI Coffeehouses __knowledge__ Due to the normal high turnover rate of GIs at military bases plus the military’s response which often involved transfer, discharge and demotion, not to mention the hostility of the pro-military towns where many coffeehouses were located, most of them were short-lived, but a few survived for several years and “contributed to some of the GI movement’s most significant actions.” The first GI coffeehouse of the Vietnam era was set up in January 1968 and the last closed in 1974.", "Battle of Athens (1946) __knowledge__ The Battle of Athens (sometimes called the McMinn County War) was a rebellion led by citizens in Athens and Etowah, Tennessee, United States, against the local government in August 1946.", "Battle of Athens (1946) __knowledge__ The citizens, including some World War II veterans, accused the local officials of predatory policing, police brutality, political corruption and voter intimidation.", "Battle of Athens (1946) __knowledge__ Concern over the election of Abraham Lincoln brought the Southern States to consider secession.", "Battle of Athens (1946) __knowledge__ The Northern and middle Southern states were opposed.", "Battle of Athens (1946) __knowledge__ Tennessee citizens voted 69,675 to 57,798 against secession.", "Battle of Athens (1946) __knowledge__ Much of the anti-secession votes came from the mountainous Eastern portion of Tennessee,such as McMinn county with a vote of 1,144 against and 904 in favor.", "Charm School with Ricki Lake __knowledge__ Charm School with Ricki Lake is the third and final season of the VH1 reality television series \"Charm School\".", "Charm School with Ricki Lake __knowledge__ Fourteen contestants from \"Rock of Love Bus with Bret Michaels\" and \"Real Chance of Love\" must change their old ways and learn improvement through acts of charity work.", "Charm School with Ricki Lake __knowledge__ Ricki Lake is the headmistress of the Charm School, and is assisted by deans Alani \"La La\" Vazquez and Stryker.", "Charm School with Ricki Lake __knowledge__ Ebony Jones (Risky) was ultimately named Charm School Queen and was awarded the $100,000.", "Charm School with Ricki Lake __knowledge__ \"First Aired May 11, 2009 This season of \"Charm School\" opens with fourteen women from \"Rock of Love Bus\" and \"Real Chance of Love\" on a bus traveling to meet their headmistress, Ricki Lake.", "GIS and environmental governance __knowledge__ Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a commonly used tool for environmental management, modelling and planning.", "GIS and environmental governance __knowledge__ As simply defined by Michael Goodchild, GIS is as ‘a computer system for handling geographic information in a digital form’.", "GIS and environmental governance __knowledge__ In recent years it has played an integral role in participatory, collaborative and open data philosophies.", "GIS and environmental governance __knowledge__ Social and technological evolutions have elevated ‘digital’ and ‘environmental’ agendas to the forefront of public policy, the global media and the private sector.", "GIS and environmental governance __knowledge__ Government departments routinely use digital spatial platforms to plan and model proposed changes to road networks, building design, greenbelt land, utility provision, crime prevention, energy production, waste management and security." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Rita Hayworth (born Margarita Carmen Cansino; October 17, 1918May 14, 1987) was an American actress and dancer.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ She achieved fame during the 1940s as one of the era's top stars, appearing in a total of 61 films over 37 years.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ The press coined the term \"The Love Goddess\" to describe Hayworth after she had become the most glamorous screen idol of the 1940s.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ She was the top pin-up girl for GIs during World War II.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Hayworth is perhaps best known for her performance in the 1946 film noir, \"Gilda\", opposite Glenn Ford, in which she played the \"femme fatale\" in her first major dramatic role.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Fred Astaire, with whom she made two films, called her his favorite dance partner.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Her greatest success was in the Technicolor musical \"Cover Girl\" (1944), with Gene Kelly.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ She is listed as one of the top 25 female motion picture stars of all time in the American Film Institute's survey, AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ In 1980, Hayworth was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, which contributed to her death at age 68.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ The public disclosure and discussion of her illness drew attention to Alzheimer's, and helped to increase public and private funding for Alzheimer's research.", "Rita Hayworth __knowledge__ Hayworth was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1918 as Margarita Carmen Cansino, the oldest child of two dancers.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "Mulholland Drive (film) __knowledge__ Mulholland Drive (stylized as Mulholland Dr.) is a 2001 American neo-noir mystery film written and directed by David Lynch and starring Naomi Watts, Laura Harring, Justin Theroux, Ann Miller, and Robert Forster.", "Mulholland Drive (film) __knowledge__ It tells the story of an aspiring actress named Betty Elms (Watts), newly arrived in Los Angeles, who meets and befriends an amnesiac woman (Harring) hiding in an apartment which belongs to Betty's aunt.", "Mulholland Drive (film) __knowledge__ The story includes several other seemingly unrelated vignettes that eventually interlock, as well as some surreal and darkly comedic scenes and images that relate to the cryptic narrative.", "Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters __knowledge__ Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters is a 2013 dark fantasy action horror comedy film written and directed by Tommy Wirkola.", "Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters __knowledge__ It is a continuation to the German folklore fairy tale \"Hansel and Gretel\", in which the titular siblings are now grown up and working as a duo of witch exterminators for hire.", "Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters __knowledge__ The film stars Jeremy Renner, Gemma Arterton, Famke Janssen, Peter Stormare, Thomas Mann, Pihla Viitala and Derek Mears.", "Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters __knowledge__ Originally scheduled for release in March 2012, \"Hansel & Gretel\" was delayed for ten months to accommodate Renner's appearances in \"The Avengers\" and \"The Bourne Legacy\" and to give Wirkola time to shoot a post-credits scene.", "List of Donald Duck universe characters __knowledge__ This list of Donald Duck universe characters focuses on Disney cartoon characters who typically appear with Donald Duck and Scrooge McDuck, but are not related to them.", "List of Donald Duck universe characters __knowledge__ For relatives of Donald and Scrooge, see Duck family (Disney) or Clan McDuck.", "List of Donald Duck universe characters __knowledge__ For characters exclusive to the \"DuckTales\" franchise, see List of \"DuckTales\" characters.", "List of Donald Duck universe characters __knowledge__ Ducks are the most common type of named characters in the Donald Duck universe.", "List of Donald Duck universe characters __knowledge__ Like Donald, they appear as white American Pekin ducks.", "List of Donald Duck universe characters __knowledge__ This section contains a list of characters with the surname \"Duck\" who are not related to Donald.", "List of Donald Duck universe characters __knowledge__ As Don Rosa explained, \"Duck\" is an common name in Duckburg (just as \"Smith\" or \"Jones\" are common in the real-life United States) and does not necessarily identify a blood relation of Donald.", "Film noir __knowledge__ Film noir (; ) is a cinematic term used primarily to describe stylish Hollywood crime dramas, particularly such that emphasize cynical attitudes and sexual motivations.", "Film noir __knowledge__ Hollywood's classical film noir period is generally regarded as extending from the early 1940s to the late 1950s.", "Film noir __knowledge__ Film noir of this era is associated with a low-key, black-and-white visual style that has roots in German Expressionist cinematography.", "Film noir __knowledge__ Many of the prototypical stories and much of the attitude of classic noir derive from the hardboiled school of crime fiction that emerged in the United States during the Great Depression.", "Portrayal of women in film noir __knowledge__ \"Film noir\" is accustomed to fulfilling specific constructions of gender roles in this aesthetically driven cinema style, creating very specific false archetypes for women within the ongoing history of film noir.", "Portrayal of women in film noir __knowledge__ According to Andrew Spicer in “Film Noir,” the articulation of the patriarchy in film noir is understood as one of the style’s most consistent features, no matter the decade of the film.", "Portrayal of women in film noir __knowledge__ The roles that women play in film noir are the stylistic innovations of the heteronormative patriarchy, set up to be harmless supplements for the narrative.", "Portrayal of women in film noir __knowledge__ However, upon further investigation, they directly translate to the dark reality of the re-oppressed female post-World War II when women were expected to re-insert themselves back into the home after finding independence through the workforce.", "Femme fatale __knowledge__ A femme fatale ( or ; ), sometimes called a maneater, is a stock character of a mysterious and seductive woman whose charms ensnare her lovers, often leading them into compromising, dangerous, and deadly situations.", "Femme fatale __knowledge__ She is an archetype of literature and art.", "Femme fatale __knowledge__ Her ability to entrance and hypnotise her victim with a spell was in the earliest stories seen as being literally supernatural; hence, the femme fatale today is still often described as having a power akin to an enchantress, seductress, vampire, witch, or demon, having power over men.", "Femme fatale __knowledge__ In American early 20th century film, \"femme fatale\" characters were referred to as vamps, an allusion to their role as sexual vampires.", "Lizabeth Scott __knowledge__ Lizabeth Virginia Scott (born Emma Matzo; September 29, 1922 – January 31, 2015) was an American actress, known for her \"smoky voice\" and being \"the most beautiful face of film noir during the 1940s and 1950s\".", "Lizabeth Scott __knowledge__ After understudying the role of Sabina in the original Broadway and Boston stage productions of \"The Skin of Our Teeth\", she emerged in such films as \"The Strange Love of Martha Ivers\" (1946), \"Dead Reckoning\" (1947), \"Desert Fury\" (1947), and \"Too Late for Tears\" (1949).", "Lizabeth Scott __knowledge__ Of her 22 films, she was the leading lady in all but one.", "Lizabeth Scott __knowledge__ In addition to stage and radio, she appeared on television from the late 1940s to early 1970s.", "Femme Fatale (Britney Spears album) __knowledge__ Femme Fatale is the seventh studio album recorded by American singer Britney Spears.", "Femme Fatale (Britney Spears album) __knowledge__ It was released on March 25, 2011 through Jive Records.", "Femme Fatale (Britney Spears album) __knowledge__ Musically, Spears wanted to make a \"fresh-sounding\" and \"fierce dance album\", thus incorporating dance-pop and electropop styles with elements of dubstep, techno, and trance in its sound.", "Femme Fatale (Britney Spears album) __knowledge__ Spears began working on the album during the second leg of her tour The Circus Starring Britney Spears (2009), while also contributing to her second greatest hits album \"The Singles Collection\" (2009).", "Femme Fatale (Britney Spears album) __knowledge__ The singer collaborated with various producers on \"Femme Fatale\", including Max Martin, Dr. Luke, William Orbit, Fraser T Smith, Rodney Jerkins, Bloodshy & Avant, will.i.am and Stargate.", "Femme Fatale Tour __knowledge__ The Femme Fatale Tour was the eighth concert tour by American recording artist Britney Spears.", "Femme Fatale Tour __knowledge__ It was launched in support of her seventh studio album \"Femme Fatale\" (2011).", "Femme Fatale Tour __knowledge__ It was officially announced in March 2011, with dates for North American venues revealed.", "Femme Fatale Tour __knowledge__ The tour was initially planned as a co-headlining tour with Enrique Iglesias, but he canceled only hours after the announcement.", "Femme Fatale Tour __knowledge__ The show is inspired by the concept of the femme fatale and femmes fatales throughout the ages.", "Femme Fatale Tour __knowledge__ The setlist was mostly composed of songs from \"Femme Fatale\", although Spears also performed hits from her previous albums for her fans." ] ]

[ 1, 4, 5, 8 ]

[ "Hey! I really like the work of Rita Hayworth. She was a dancer born in 1918 but passed in 1987. ", "I think my favorite thing she did was being a pin-up girl in WW2. She performed for the GIs :)", "I really enjoyed her performance as a femme fatale in the film noir Gilda. It as her first major dramatic role.", "Seriously? Wow. I guess when you're one of the top 25 females in the film business, you get pretty popular!" ]

[ "Rita Hayworth", "Rita Hayworth", "Rita Hayworth", "Rita Hayworth" ]

[ "Guitar", "I thought there was just typically one type of guitar so that's interesting", "Can you perhaps explain to me what a gittern is?", "okay so kind of like an old ukelele? If that's a fair comparison" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Guitar __knowledge__ The guitar is a fretted musical instrument that usually has six strings.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The sound is projected either acoustically, using a hollow wooden or plastic and wood box (for an acoustic guitar), or through electrical amplifier and a speaker (for an electric guitar).", "Guitar __knowledge__ It is typically played by strumming or plucking the strings with the fingers, thumb or fingernails of the right hand or with a pick while fretting (or pressing against the frets) the strings with the fingers of the left hand.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The guitar is a type of chordophone, traditionally constructed from wood and strung with either gut, nylon or steel strings and distinguished from other chordophones by its construction and tuning.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The modern guitar was preceded by the gittern, the vihuela, the four-course Renaissance guitar, and the five-course baroque guitar, all of which contributed to the development of the modern six-string instrument.", "Guitar __knowledge__ There are three main types of modern acoustic guitar: the classical guitar (nylon-string guitar), the steel-string acoustic guitar, and the archtop guitar, which is sometimes called a \"jazz guitar\".", "Guitar __knowledge__ The tone of an acoustic guitar is produced by the strings' vibration, amplified by the hollow body of the guitar, which acts as a resonating chamber." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Guitar __knowledge__ The guitar is a fretted musical instrument that usually has six strings.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The sound is projected either acoustically, using a hollow wooden or plastic and wood box (for an acoustic guitar), or through electrical amplifier and a speaker (for an electric guitar).", "Guitar __knowledge__ It is typically played by strumming or plucking the strings with the fingers, thumb or fingernails of the right hand or with a pick while fretting (or pressing against the frets) the strings with the fingers of the left hand.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The guitar is a type of chordophone, traditionally constructed from wood and strung with either gut, nylon or steel strings and distinguished from other chordophones by its construction and tuning.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The modern guitar was preceded by the gittern, the vihuela, the four-course Renaissance guitar, and the five-course baroque guitar, all of which contributed to the development of the modern six-string instrument.", "Guitar __knowledge__ There are three main types of modern acoustic guitar: the classical guitar (nylon-string guitar), the steel-string acoustic guitar, and the archtop guitar, which is sometimes called a \"jazz guitar\".", "Guitar __knowledge__ The tone of an acoustic guitar is produced by the strings' vibration, amplified by the hollow body of the guitar, which acts as a resonating chamber.", "Musical ensemble __knowledge__ A musical ensemble, also known as a music group or musical group, is a group of people who perform instrumental or vocal music, with the ensemble typically known by a distinct name.", "Musical ensemble __knowledge__ Some music ensembles consist solely of instruments, such as the jazz quartet or the orchestra.", "Musical ensemble __knowledge__ Some music ensembles consist solely of singers, such as choirs and doo wop groups.", "Musical ensemble __knowledge__ In both popular music and classical music, there are ensembles in which both instrumentalists and singers perform, such as the rock band or the Baroque chamber group for basso continuo (harpsichord and cello) and one or more singers.", "Musical ensemble __knowledge__ In classical music, trios or quartets either blend the sounds of musical instrument families (such as piano, strings, and wind instruments) or group together instruments from the same instrument family, such as string ensembles (e.g., string quartet) or wind ensembles (e.g., wind quintet).", "Band (rock and pop) __knowledge__ A rock band or pop band is a small musical ensemble which performs rock music, pop music or a related genre.", "Band (rock and pop) __knowledge__ The four-piece band is the most common configuration in rock and pop music.", "Band (rock and pop) __knowledge__ Before the development of the electronic keyboard, the configuration was typically two guitarists (a lead guitarist and a rhythm guitarist, with one of them singing lead vocals), a bassist, and a drummer (e.g.", "Band (rock and pop) __knowledge__ the Beatles, KISS, Franz Ferdinand).", "Band (rock and pop) __knowledge__ Another common formation is a vocalist who does not play an instrument, electric guitarist, bass guitarist, and a drummer (e.g.", "Band (rock and pop) __knowledge__ the Who, the Monkees, Led Zeppelin, Queen, and U2).", "Double bass __knowledge__ The double bass, or simply the bass (and numerous other names), is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra.", "Double bass __knowledge__ It is a transposing instrument and is typically notated one octave higher than tuned to avoid excessive ledger lines below the staff.", "Double bass __knowledge__ The double bass is the only modern bowed string instrument that is tuned in fourths (like a viol), rather than fifths, with strings usually tuned to E, A, D and G. The instrument's exact lineage is still a matter of some debate, with scholars divided on whether the bass is derived from the viol or the violin family.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ An electric guitar is a guitar that uses one or more pickups to convert the vibration of its strings into electrical signals.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ The vibration occurs when a guitarist strums, plucks, fingerpicks, or taps the strings.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ The pickup used to sense the vibration generally uses electromagnetic induction to do so, though other technologies exist.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ In any case, the signal generated by an electric guitar is too weak to drive a loudspeaker, so it is sent to a guitar amplifier before being sent to the speaker, which converts it into audible sound.", "Electric guitar __knowledge__ Since the output of an electric guitar is an electric signal, it can be electronically altered by to change the timbre of the sound.", "Oscilloscope types __knowledge__ This is a subdivision of the Oscilloscope article, discussing the various types and models of oscilloscopes in greater detail.", "Oscilloscope types __knowledge__ While analog devices make use of continually varying voltages, digital devices employ binary numbers which correspond to samples of the voltage.", "Oscilloscope types __knowledge__ In the case of digital oscilloscopes, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is used to change the measured voltages into digital information.", "Oscilloscope types __knowledge__ Waveforms are taken as a series of samples.", "Oscilloscope types __knowledge__ The samples are stored, accumulating until enough are taken in order to describe the waveform, which are then reassembled for display.", "Oscilloscope types __knowledge__ Digital technology allows the information to be displayed with brightness, clarity, and stability.", "Pointer (computer programming) __knowledge__ In computer science, a pointer is a programming language object, whose value refers to (or \"points to\") another value stored elsewhere in the computer memory using its memory address.", "Pointer (computer programming) __knowledge__ A pointer \"references\" a location in memory, and obtaining the value stored at that location is known as \"dereferencing\" the pointer.", "Pointer (computer programming) __knowledge__ As an analogy, a page number in a book's index could be considered a pointer to the corresponding page; dereferencing such a pointer would be done by flipping to the page with the given page number and reading the text found on the indexed page.", "Pointer (computer programming) __knowledge__ Pointers to data significantly improve performance for repetitive operations such as traversing strings, lookup tables, control tables and tree structures.", "Sound reinforcement system __knowledge__ A sound reinforcement system is the combination of microphones, signal processors, amplifiers, and loudspeakers in enclosures all controlled by a mixing console that makes live or pre-recorded sounds louder and may also distribute those sounds to a larger or more distant audience.", "Sound reinforcement system __knowledge__ In many situations, a sound reinforcement system is also used to enhance or alter the sound of the sources on the stage, typically by using electronic effects, such as reverb, as opposed to simply amplifying the sources unaltered.", "Sound reinforcement system __knowledge__ A sound reinforcement system for a rock concert in a stadium may be very complex, including hundreds of microphones, complex live sound mixing and signal processing systems, tens of thousands of watts of amplifier power, and multiple loudspeaker arrays, all overseen by a team of audio engineers and technicians.", "Archtop guitar __knowledge__ An archtop guitar is a hollow steel-stringed acoustic or semi-acoustic guitar with a full body and a distinctive arched top, whose sound is particularly popular with jazz, blues, rockabilly and psychobilly guitarists.", "Archtop guitar __knowledge__ Typically, an archtop guitar has: The archtop guitar is often credited to Orville Gibson, whose innovative designs led to the formation of the Gibson Mandolin-Guitar Mfg.", "Archtop guitar __knowledge__ Co, Ltd in 1902.", "Archtop guitar __knowledge__ His 1898 patent for a mandolin, which was also applicable to guitars according to the specifications, was intended to enhance \"power and quality of tone.\"", "Archtop guitar __knowledge__ Among the features of this instrument were a violin-style arched top and back, each carved from a single piece of wood, and thicker in the middle than at the sides; sides carved to shape from a single block of wood; and a lack of internal \"braces, splices, blocks or bridges … which, if employed, would rob the instrument of much of its volume of tone.\"", "Steel-string acoustic guitar __knowledge__ The steel-string acoustic guitar is a modern form of guitar that descends from the nylon-strung classical guitar, but is strung with steel strings for a brighter, louder sound.", "Steel-string acoustic guitar __knowledge__ Like the classical guitar, it is often referred to simply as an acoustic guitar.", "Steel-string acoustic guitar __knowledge__ The most common type is often called a flat top guitar, to distinguish it from the more specialized archtop guitar and other variations.", "Steel-string acoustic guitar __knowledge__ The standard tuning for an acoustic guitar is E-A-D-G-B-E (low to high), although many players, particularly fingerpickers, use alternate tunings (scordatura), such as \"open G\" (D-G-D-G-B-D), \"open D\" (D-A-D-F-A-D), or \"drop D\" (D-A-D-G-B-E).", "Jazz guitar __knowledge__ The term jazz guitar may refer to either a type of guitar or to the variety of guitar playing styles used in the various genres which are commonly termed \"jazz\".", "Jazz guitar __knowledge__ The jazz-type guitar was born as a result of using electric amplification to increase the volume of conventional acoustic guitars.", "Jazz guitar __knowledge__ Conceived in the early 1930s, the electric guitar became a necessity as jazz musicians sought to amplify their sound to be heard over loud big bands.", "Jazz guitar __knowledge__ When guitarists in big bands only had acoustic guitars, all they could do was play chords; they could not play solos because the acoustic guitar is not a loud instrument.", "Classical guitar __knowledge__ The classical guitar (also known as concert guitar, classical acoustic, nylon-string guitar, or Spanish guitar) is the member of the guitar family used in classical music.", "Classical guitar __knowledge__ It is an acoustical wooden guitar with strings made of nylon, rather than the metal strings used in acoustic and electric guitars.", "Classical guitar __knowledge__ The traditional classical guitar has twelve frets clear of the body and is held on the left leg, so that the hand that plucks or strums the strings does so near the back of the soundhole (this is called the classical position).", "Classical guitar __knowledge__ The modern steel string guitar, on the other hand, usually has fourteen frets clear of the body (see Dreadnought) and is commonly played off the hip.", "Seven-string guitar __knowledge__ The seven-string guitar adds one additional string to the more common six-string guitar, commonly used to extend the bass range (usually a low B) or also to extend the treble range.", "Seven-string guitar __knowledge__ The additional string is added in one of two different ways: by increasing the width of the fingerboard such that the additional string may be fretted by the left hand; or, by leaving the fingerboard unchanged and adding a \"floating\" bass string.", "Seven-string guitar __knowledge__ In the latter case, the extra bass string lies next to the existing bass strings, but free of the fingerboard in similar fashion as the archlute and theorbo.", "Seven-string guitar __knowledge__ Such unfrettable bass strings were historically known as diapasons or bourdons." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Guitar __knowledge__ The guitar is a fretted musical instrument that usually has six strings.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The sound is projected either acoustically, using a hollow wooden or plastic and wood box (for an acoustic guitar), or through electrical amplifier and a speaker (for an electric guitar).", "Guitar __knowledge__ It is typically played by strumming or plucking the strings with the fingers, thumb or fingernails of the right hand or with a pick while fretting (or pressing against the frets) the strings with the fingers of the left hand.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The guitar is a type of chordophone, traditionally constructed from wood and strung with either gut, nylon or steel strings and distinguished from other chordophones by its construction and tuning.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The modern guitar was preceded by the gittern, the vihuela, the four-course Renaissance guitar, and the five-course baroque guitar, all of which contributed to the development of the modern six-string instrument.", "Guitar __knowledge__ There are three main types of modern acoustic guitar: the classical guitar (nylon-string guitar), the steel-string acoustic guitar, and the archtop guitar, which is sometimes called a \"jazz guitar\".", "Guitar __knowledge__ The tone of an acoustic guitar is produced by the strings' vibration, amplified by the hollow body of the guitar, which acts as a resonating chamber.", "Gittern __knowledge__ The gittern was a relatively small gut strung round-backed instrument that first appears in literature and pictorial representation during the 13th century in Western Europe (Iberian Peninsula, Italy, France, England).", "Gittern __knowledge__ It is usually depicted played with a quill plectrum, as we can see clearly beginning in manuscript illuminations from the thirteenth century.", "Gittern __knowledge__ It was also called the guitarra in Spain, guiterne or guiterre in France, the chitarra in Italy and quintern in Germany.", "Gittern __knowledge__ A popular instrument with court musicians, minstrels, and amateurs, the gittern is considered ancestral to the modern guitar and possibly to other instruments like the mandore and gallichon.", "Citole __knowledge__ The Citole, also spelled Sytole, Cytiole, Gytolle, was a string musical instrument, closely associated with the medieval fiddles (viol, vielle, gigue) and commonly used from 1200—1350 Like the modern guitar, it was manipulated at the neck to get different notes, and picked or strummed with a plectrum (the citole's was long, thick, straight and likely made of ivory or wood).", "Citole __knowledge__ Although it was largely out of use by the late 14th century, the Italians \"re-introduced it in modified form\" in the 16th Century as the cetra (cittern in English), and it was possibly ancestral to the guitar as well.", "Citole __knowledge__ It was also a pioneering instrument in England, introducing the populace to necked, plucked instruments, giving people the concepts needed to quickly switch to the newly arriving lutes and gitterns.", "Philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard __knowledge__ Søren Kierkegaard's philosophy has been a major influence in the development of 20th-century philosophy, especially existentialism and postmodernism.", "Philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard __knowledge__ Kierkegaard was a 19th-century Danish philosopher who has been called the \"Father of Existentialism\".", "Philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard __knowledge__ His philosophy also influenced the development of existential psychology.", "Philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard __knowledge__ Kierkegaard criticized aspects of the philosophical systems that were brought on by philosophers such as Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel before him and the Danish Hegelians.", "Philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard __knowledge__ He was also indirectly influenced by the philosophy of Immanuel Kant.", "Philosophy of Søren Kierkegaard __knowledge__ He measured himself against the model of philosophy which he found in Socrates, which aims to draw one's attention not to explanatory systems, but rather to the issue of how one exists.", "Cythara __knowledge__ The word cythara was used generically for a wide variety stringed instruments of medieval and Renaissance Europe, including not only the lyre and harp but also necked, string instruments.", "Cythara __knowledge__ In fact, unless a medieval document gives an indication that it meant a necked instrument, then it likely was referring to a lyre.", "Cythara __knowledge__ It was also spelled \"cithara\" or \"kithara\" and was Latin for the Greek lyre.", "Cythara __knowledge__ However, lacking names for some stringed instruments from the medieval period, these have been referred to as fiddles and citharas/cytharas, both by medieval people and by modern researchers.", "Cythara __knowledge__ The instruments are important as being ancestors to or influential in the development of a wide variety of European instruments, including fiddles, vielles, violas, citoles, guitars.", "Hyperconjugation __knowledge__ In organic chemistry, hyperconjugation is the interaction of the electrons in a sigma bond (usually C–H or C–C) with an adjacent empty (or partially filled) non-bonding p-orbital, antibonding σ or π orbital, or filled π orbital, to give an extended molecular orbital that increases the stability of the system.", "Hyperconjugation __knowledge__ Only electrons in bonds that are β to the positively charged carbon can stabilize a carbocation by direct hyperconjugation.", "Hyperconjugation __knowledge__ However, extended versions of hyperconjugation (such as double hyperconjugation) can be important as well.", "Hyperconjugation __knowledge__ The Baker–Nathan effect, sometimes used synonymously for hyperconjugation, is a specific application of it to certain chemical reactions or types of structures.", "Racial inequality in the United States __knowledge__ Racial inequality in the United States refers to social advantages and disparities that affect different races within the United States.", "Racial inequality in the United States __knowledge__ These inequities may be manifested in the distribution of wealth, power, and life opportunities afforded to people based on their race or ethnicity, both historic and modern.", "Racial inequality in the United States __knowledge__ These can also be seen as a result of historic oppression, inequality of inheritance, or overall prejudice, especially against minority groups.", "Racial inequality in the United States __knowledge__ In social science, racial inequality is typically analyzed as \"imbalances in the distribution of power, economic resources, and opportunities.\"", "Racial inequality in the United States __knowledge__ Racial inequalities have manifested in American society in ways ranging from racial disparities in wealth, poverty rates, housing patterns, educational opportunities, unemployment rates, and incarceration rates.", "B–Bbar oscillation __knowledge__ Neutral B meson oscillations (or – oscillations) is one of the manifestations of the neutral particle oscillation, a fundamental prediction of the Standard Model of particle physics.", "B–Bbar oscillation __knowledge__ It is the phenomenon of B mesons changing (or \"oscillating\") between their matter and antimatter forms before their decay.", "B–Bbar oscillation __knowledge__ The meson can exist as either a bound state of a strange antiquark and a bottom quark, or a strange quark and bottom antiquark.", "B–Bbar oscillation __knowledge__ The oscillations in the neutral B sector are analogous to the phenomena that produces long and short-lived neutral kaons.", "B–Bbar oscillation __knowledge__ – mixing was observed by the CDF experiment at Fermilab in 2006 and by LHCb at CERN in 2011.", "Classical guitar __knowledge__ The classical guitar (also known as concert guitar, classical acoustic, nylon-string guitar, or Spanish guitar) is the member of the guitar family used in classical music.", "Classical guitar __knowledge__ It is an acoustical wooden guitar with strings made of nylon, rather than the metal strings used in acoustic and electric guitars.", "Classical guitar __knowledge__ The traditional classical guitar has twelve frets clear of the body and is held on the left leg, so that the hand that plucks or strums the strings does so near the back of the soundhole (this is called the classical position).", "Classical guitar __knowledge__ The modern steel string guitar, on the other hand, usually has fourteen frets clear of the body (see Dreadnought) and is commonly played off the hip.", "History of the classical guitar __knowledge__ The evolution of classical guitars began with the influences of the vihuela and gittern in the sixteenth century and ended with the modern classical guitar in the mid nineteenth century.", "History of the classical guitar __knowledge__ While the precise lineage of the instrument is still unclear, historians believe that the guitar is the descendant of the Greek kithara, gittern, lyre, European and Middle Eastern lutes, and the Spanish vihuela.", "History of the classical guitar __knowledge__ The poem \"The Book of Good Love\" {circa 1330} describes two early instruments, guitarra morisca and guitarra latina.", "History of the classical guitar __knowledge__ Instruments called \"guitars\" were first mentioned in literature in the 13th century, though many of these medieval records describe instruments that in modern times are classified as gitterns.", "Lute __knowledge__ A lute (, or ) is any plucked string instrument with a neck (either fretted or unfretted) and a deep round back enclosing a hollow cavity, usually with a sound hole or opening in the body.", "Lute __knowledge__ More specifically, the term \"lute\" can refer to an instrument from the family of European lutes.", "Lute __knowledge__ The term also refers generally to any string instrument having the strings running in a plane parallel to the sound table (in the Hornbostel–Sachs system).", "Lute __knowledge__ The strings are attached to pegs or posts at the end of the neck, which have some type of turning mechanism to enable the player to tighten the tension on the string or loosen the tension before playing (which respectively raise or lower the pitch of a string), so that each string is tuned to a specific pitch (or note).", "Vihuela __knowledge__ The vihuela () is a guitar-shaped string instrument from 15th and 16th century Spain, Portugal and Italy, usually with five or six doubled strings.", "Vihuela __knowledge__ The \"vihuela\", as it was known in Spanish, was called the \"viola de mà\" in Catalan, \"viola da mano\" in Italian and \"viola de mão\" in Portuguese.", "Vihuela __knowledge__ The two names are functionally synonymous and interchangeable.", "Vihuela __knowledge__ In its most developed form, the vihuela was a guitar-shaped instrument with six double-strings (paired courses) made of gut.", "Vihuela __knowledge__ Vihuelas were tuned identically to their contemporary Renaissance lute; 4ths and mid-3rd (44344, almost like a modern guitar tuning, with the exception of the third string, which was tuned a semitone lower).", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ An acoustic guitar is a guitar that produces sound acoustically—by transmitting the vibration of the strings to the air—as opposed to relying on electronic amplification (see electric guitar).", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ The sound waves from the strings of an acoustic guitar resonate through the guitar's body, creating sound.", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ This typically involves the use of a sound board and a sound box to strengthen the vibrations of the strings.", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ The main source of sound in an acoustic guitar is the string, which is plucked or strummed with the finger or with a pick.", "Acoustic guitar __knowledge__ The string vibrates at a necessary frequency and also creates many harmonics at various different frequencies." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Guitar __knowledge__ The guitar is a fretted musical instrument that usually has six strings.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The sound is projected either acoustically, using a hollow wooden or plastic and wood box (for an acoustic guitar), or through electrical amplifier and a speaker (for an electric guitar).", "Guitar __knowledge__ It is typically played by strumming or plucking the strings with the fingers, thumb or fingernails of the right hand or with a pick while fretting (or pressing against the frets) the strings with the fingers of the left hand.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The guitar is a type of chordophone, traditionally constructed from wood and strung with either gut, nylon or steel strings and distinguished from other chordophones by its construction and tuning.", "Guitar __knowledge__ The modern guitar was preceded by the gittern, the vihuela, the four-course Renaissance guitar, and the five-course baroque guitar, all of which contributed to the development of the modern six-string instrument.", "Guitar __knowledge__ There are three main types of modern acoustic guitar: the classical guitar (nylon-string guitar), the steel-string acoustic guitar, and the archtop guitar, which is sometimes called a \"jazz guitar\".", "Guitar __knowledge__ The tone of an acoustic guitar is produced by the strings' vibration, amplified by the hollow body of the guitar, which acts as a resonating chamber.", "MacvsWindows __knowledge__ Mac vs Windows (formerly XvsXP) was an online operating system comparison wiki run by James Scariati and Michael Moriarty.", "MacvsWindows __knowledge__ The site is no longer active and its domains now point to spam blogs.", "MacvsWindows __knowledge__ The site compares competing operating systems Windows Vista and Mac OS X v10.5 through over 100 different topics.", "MacvsWindows __knowledge__ The site explicitly includes only the \"out-of-the-box\" experience of each OS, as well as any freely released updates from the manufacturer.", "MacvsWindows __knowledge__ A unique feature of the site over many other OS comparison sites is that it features a forum to encourage readers to voice any concerns or comments about the site, as well as any suggestions for additions.", "Siding __knowledge__ Siding or wall cladding is the protective material attached to the exterior side of a wall of a house or other building.", "Siding __knowledge__ Along with the roof, it forms the first line of defense against the elements, most importantly sun, rain/snow, heat and cold, thus creating a stable, more comfortable environment on the interior side.", "Siding __knowledge__ The siding material and style also can enhance or detract from the building's beauty.", "Siding __knowledge__ There is a wide and expanding variety of materials to side with, both natural and artificial, each with its own benefits and drawbacks.", "Siding __knowledge__ Masonry walls as such do not require siding, but any wall can be sided.", "The Prettiots __knowledge__ The Prettiots is an all-female alternative band from Brooklyn, New York.", "The Prettiots __knowledge__ It consists of Kay Kasperhauser and Lulu Landolfi.", "The Prettiots __knowledge__ Rachel Trachtenburg was the band's drummer briefly.", "The Prettiots __knowledge__ After performing five shows at SXSW in 2015, the band was praised by NPR music critics Bob Boilen and Robin Hilton and was signed to Rough Trade Records.", "The Prettiots __knowledge__ Their first full-length album, \"Funs Cool\", was released in 2016 and earned positive reviews from critics, who praised the blunt honesty of their lyrics, the prominent use of the ukelele in their music, and their inventive reinterpretations of other songs (The Misfits, Dolly Parton).", "Charles Édouard Armand-Dumaresq __knowledge__ Charles Édouard Armand-Dumaresq (born in Paris in 1826, died in Paris in 1895) was a French painter, primarily of religious and military subjects.", "Charles Édouard Armand-Dumaresq __knowledge__ In 1870, he came to the United States, sent by the French government for a study mission about \"the different learning methodologies of design and how they are applied in arts and industry\".", "Charles Édouard Armand-Dumaresq __knowledge__ He met the artists of the East coast and also the military academies of West Point and Annapolis.", "Charles Édouard Armand-Dumaresq __knowledge__ He did not paint much in US but back in France, some of his artworks are inspired by the American Revolutionary War.", "Charles Édouard Armand-Dumaresq __knowledge__ One of his paintings, \"The Signing of the Declaration of Independence\" is in the Cabinet Room of the White House.", "Édouard Armand __knowledge__ Édouard Armand (born August 1890, date of death unknown) was a Haitian sprinter.", "Édouard Armand __knowledge__ He competed in the men's 400 metres at the 1924 Summer Olympics.", "Hong Kong Civil Service __knowledge__ The Hong Kong Civil Service is managed by 13 policy bureaux in the Government Secretariat, and 67 departments and agencies, mostly staffed by civil servants.", "Hong Kong Civil Service __knowledge__ The Secretary for the Civil Service (SCS) is one of the Principal Officials appointed under the Accountability System and a Member of the Executive Council.", "Hong Kong Civil Service __knowledge__ He heads the Civil Service Bureau (CSB) of the Government Secretariat and is responsible to the Chief Executive (CE) for civil service policies as well as the overall management and development of the civil service.", "Hong Kong Civil Service __knowledge__ His primary role is to ensure that the civil service serves the best interests of the community and delivers various services in a trustworthy, efficient and cost effective manner.", "Richard D. Trentlage __knowledge__ Richard Dale Trentlage (December 27, 1928 – September 21, 2016) was an American jingle writer.", "Richard D. Trentlage __knowledge__ He wrote jingles for McDonald's, the National Safety Council, and V8, but he is best known for the long-running jingle for Oscar Mayer wieners.", "Richard D. Trentlage __knowledge__ Trentlage was born in Chicago, Illinois, where he attended Calumet High School.", "Richard D. Trentlage __knowledge__ He composed his first jingle in high school, and he played guitar in a band with his brother and a friend.", "Richard D. Trentlage __knowledge__ He graduated from Calumet in 1947.", "Richard D. Trentlage __knowledge__ Trentlage later enjoyed playing the banjo ukelele.", "Richard D. Trentlage __knowledge__ He went to work in advertising and was employed by large firms that included McCann Erickson.", "Gittern __knowledge__ The gittern was a relatively small gut strung round-backed instrument that first appears in literature and pictorial representation during the 13th century in Western Europe (Iberian Peninsula, Italy, France, England).", "Gittern __knowledge__ It is usually depicted played with a quill plectrum, as we can see clearly beginning in manuscript illuminations from the thirteenth century.", "Gittern __knowledge__ It was also called the guitarra in Spain, guiterne or guiterre in France, the chitarra in Italy and quintern in Germany.", "Gittern __knowledge__ A popular instrument with court musicians, minstrels, and amateurs, the gittern is considered ancestral to the modern guitar and possibly to other instruments like the mandore and gallichon.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ A mandolin ( ; literally \"small mandola\") is a stringed musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or \"pick\".", "Mandolin __knowledge__ It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versions also exist.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ The courses are normally tuned in a succession of perfect fifths.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ It is the soprano member of a family that includes the mandola, octave mandolin, mandocello and mandobass.", "Mandolin __knowledge__ There are many styles of mandolin, but three are common, the \"Neapolitan\" or \"round-backed\" mandolin, the \"carved-top\" mandolin and the \"flat-backed\" mandolin.", "Citole __knowledge__ The Citole, also spelled Sytole, Cytiole, Gytolle, was a string musical instrument, closely associated with the medieval fiddles (viol, vielle, gigue) and commonly used from 1200—1350 Like the modern guitar, it was manipulated at the neck to get different notes, and picked or strummed with a plectrum (the citole's was long, thick, straight and likely made of ivory or wood).", "Citole __knowledge__ Although it was largely out of use by the late 14th century, the Italians \"re-introduced it in modified form\" in the 16th Century as the cetra (cittern in English), and it was possibly ancestral to the guitar as well.", "Citole __knowledge__ It was also a pioneering instrument in England, introducing the populace to necked, plucked instruments, giving people the concepts needed to quickly switch to the newly arriving lutes and gitterns.", "Mandore (instrument) __knowledge__ The mandore is a musical instrument, a small member of the lute family, teardrop shaped, with four to six courses of gut strings and pitched in the treble range.", "Mandore (instrument) __knowledge__ It was considered a new instrument in French music books from the 1580s, but is descended from and very similar to the gittern.", "Mandore (instrument) __knowledge__ It is considered ancestral to the modern mandolin.", "Mandore (instrument) __knowledge__ Other earlier instruments include the medieval European citole and the Greek and Byzantine pandura.", "Mandore (instrument) __knowledge__ The history of modern mandolins, mandolas and guitars are all intertwined.", "Mandore (instrument) __knowledge__ The instruments shared common ancestor instruments.", "Mandore (instrument) __knowledge__ Some instruments became fashionable widely, and others locally.", "Pibroch __knowledge__ Pibroch, Piobaireachd or Ceòl Mòr is an art music genre associated primarily with the Scottish Highlands that is characterised by extended compositions with a melodic theme and elaborate formal variations.", "Pibroch __knowledge__ Strictly meaning \"piping\" in Scottish Gaelic, \"piobaireachd\" has for some four centuries been music of the Great Highland Bagpipe.", "Pibroch __knowledge__ Music of a similar nature, pre-dating the adoption on the Highland pipes, has historically been played on the wire-strung Gaelic harp (clarsach) and later on the Scottish fiddle, and this form is undergoing a revival.", "Pibroch __knowledge__ A more general term is \"ceol mor\" ( (reformed spelling); \"ceòl mór\" (unreformed spelling)), meaning the \"great music\", to distinguish this complex extended art-music from the more popular Scottish music such as dances, reels, marches and strathspeys, which are called ceòl beag or \"little music\".", "Vihuela __knowledge__ The vihuela () is a guitar-shaped string instrument from 15th and 16th century Spain, Portugal and Italy, usually with five or six doubled strings.", "Vihuela __knowledge__ The \"vihuela\", as it was known in Spanish, was called the \"viola de mà\" in Catalan, \"viola da mano\" in Italian and \"viola de mão\" in Portuguese.", "Vihuela __knowledge__ The two names are functionally synonymous and interchangeable.", "Vihuela __knowledge__ In its most developed form, the vihuela was a guitar-shaped instrument with six double-strings (paired courses) made of gut.", "Vihuela __knowledge__ Vihuelas were tuned identically to their contemporary Renaissance lute; 4ths and mid-3rd (44344, almost like a modern guitar tuning, with the exception of the third string, which was tuned a semitone lower)." ] ]

[ 6, 5, 8, 44 ]

[ "I play the acoustic guitar - there are 3 main times of this guitar - the classical guitar, the steel-string acoustic guitar, and the archtop guitar.", "It is also interesting that today's guitar was preceded by the gittern, the vihuela, the four-course Renaissance guitar, and the five-course baroque guitar", "A gittern was a fairly small gut strung round-backed instrument from around the 13th century", "It was quite popular with court musicians, minstrels, and amateurs" ]

[ "Guitar", "Guitar", "Guitar", "Guitar" ]

[ "Kid Rock\nMy favorite singer is Kid Rock!", "oh wow, I think I like kid rock better.", "Yes but he made all those style his I own. Thats pretty awesome.", "I never knew that. I guess if your that taletend your bound to be famous like him." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Kid Rock __knowledge__ Robert James Ritchie (born January 17, 1971), known professionally as Kid Rock, is an American singer-songwriter, rapper, musician, record producer, activist and actor.", "Kid Rock __knowledge__ In a career spanning over 20 years, Kid Rock's music has encompassed rock, hip hop and country.", "Kid Rock __knowledge__ A self-taught multi-instrumentalist who can play every instrument in his backing band, Kid Rock has overseen his own production on nine of his eleven studio albums that he released with his band, Twisted Brown Trucker.", "Kid Rock __knowledge__ Kid Rock started his professional music career as a self-taught rapper and DJ, releasing his debut album \"Grits Sandwiches for Breakfast\" in 1990 on the major record label Jive; his subsequent independent releases \"The Polyfuze Method\" and \"Early Mornin' Stoned Pimp\" saw him developing a more distinctive style which was fully realized on his 1998 album \"Devil Without a Cause\"; this and his subsequent album \"Cocky\" were noted for blending elements of hip hop, country, rock and heavy metal.", "Kid Rock __knowledge__ Starting with his 2010 album \"Born Free\", the country music style has dominated Kid Rock's musical direction, and since 2003's self-titled album, Kid Rock has largely stopped rapping.", "Kid Rock __knowledge__ Kid Rock was born Robert James Ritchie on January 17, 1971, in Romeo, Michigan, to father William Ritchie, owner of multiple car dealerships, and mother Susan Ritchie.", "Twisted Brown Trucker __knowledge__ Twisted Brown Trucker is an American rock band from Detroit, Michigan.", "Twisted Brown Trucker __knowledge__ Formed in 1994 by singer-songwriter, rapper and musician Kid Rock, the band has served as his backing band for eight of his eleven studio albums.", "Twisted Brown Trucker __knowledge__ By 1994, Kid Rock's live performances had mostly been backed by DJs Blackman and Uncle Kracker, but Kid Rock soon began to utilize more and more live instrumentation into his performances, and formed the rock band Twisted Brown Trucker.", "Twisted Brown Trucker __knowledge__ Through extensive promoting, including distributing tapes on consignment to local stores and giving away free samplers of his music, the band developed a following among an audience which DJ Uncle Kracker described as \"white kids who dropped acid and liked listening to gangsta rap\"; this following included local rapper Joe C., who had been attending the band's concerts as a fan, but upon meeting Kid Rock, was invited to perform on stage as Kid Rock's hype man.", "Devil Without a Cause __knowledge__ Devil Without a Cause is the fourth studio album by Kid Rock.", "Devil Without a Cause __knowledge__ Released on August 18, 1998, the album saw Kid Rock continuing to develop his sound by incorporating rap metal, country rap and hard rock into his style.", "Devil Without a Cause __knowledge__ The album was a major commercial success.", "Devil Without a Cause __knowledge__ Spurred by the popularity of the hit single \"Bawitdaba\", the album sold 14 million copies, and was certified platinum 11 times.", "Devil Without a Cause __knowledge__ The album also received critical acclaim for its genre mixing sound, and is considered to be one of the best rock albums of the 1990s, receiving numerous accolades over the years.", "Devil Without a Cause __knowledge__ In 1997, Jason Flom, head of Lava Records, attented one of Kid Rock's performances, and met with Kid Rock, who later gave him a demo containing the songs \"Somebody's Gotta Feel This\" and \"I Got One for Ya\", which led to Kid Rock signing with Atlantic Records.", "Grits Sandwiches for Breakfast __knowledge__ Grits Sandwiches for Breakfast is the debut studio album by Kid Rock.", "Grits Sandwiches for Breakfast __knowledge__ Released on December 30, 1990 by Jive Records, the album is marked by a straightforward hip hop music style, in sharp contrast to the largely rock oriented sound of his later albums.", "Grits Sandwiches for Breakfast __knowledge__ Jive found the album difficult to promote due to its explicit lyrics, but upon release, it made Kid Rock one of Detroit hip hop's most successful recording artists to date, selling over 100,000 copies upon release.", "Grits Sandwiches for Breakfast __knowledge__ Kid Rock began his professional music career as a member of the hip hop music group The Beast Crew in the late 1980s.", "Grits Sandwiches for Breakfast __knowledge__ During this time, Kid Rock met rapper D-Nice, which led to Kid Rock opening at local shows for Boogie Down Productions.", "Picture (song) __knowledge__ \"Picture\" is a duet written by American music artists Kid Rock and Sheryl Crow, released on November 12, 2002 as the fourth single and ninth track from Kid Rock's 2001 album \"Cocky\".", "Picture (song) __knowledge__ The original recording on the album is performed by Kid Rock and Sheryl Crow.", "Picture (song) __knowledge__ Rock re-recorded the song for the radio with alternative country singer Allison Moorer because Atlantic was initially unable to get the rights from Crow's label to release the album version as a single.", "Picture (song) __knowledge__ When the Moorer version was released, some radio stations began playing the Crow version instead, leading \"Billboard\" to credit the song variously to Kid Rock featuring Sheryl Crow or Allison Moorer.", "Cowboy (Kid Rock song) __knowledge__ \"Cowboy\" is a song by Kid Rock from his album \"Devil Without a Cause\".", "Cowboy (Kid Rock song) __knowledge__ The song, noted for its country rap style, reflects a cross-section of Kid Rock's country music, Southern rock and hip hop influences, having been described by the artist as a cross between Run DMC and Lynyrd Skynyrd.", "Cowboy (Kid Rock song) __knowledge__ With its lyrics about pimping and traveling to California, the song is considered to be one of Kid Rock's best works, and has been claimed as greatly influencing modern country music.", "Cowboy (Kid Rock song) __knowledge__ Musically, \"Cowboy\" is a fusion of hip hop, country music, Southern rock and heavy metal.", "Cowboy (Kid Rock song) __knowledge__ \"Billboard\", as well as Kid Rock himself, described the song as a cross between Run DMC and Lynyrd Skynyrd.", "Love Never Dies (musical) __knowledge__ Love Never Dies is a romantic musical composed by Andrew Lloyd Webber with lyrics by Glenn Slater and a book by Lloyd Webber, Ben Elton, Frederick Forsyth and Slater.", "Love Never Dies (musical) __knowledge__ It is a sequel to the long-running musical \"The Phantom of the Opera\" loosely adapted from the 1999 novel \"The Phantom of Manhattan\", by Forsyth.", "Love Never Dies (musical) __knowledge__ The plot is not based on the storyline in the original book by Gaston Leroux.", "Love Never Dies (musical) __knowledge__ Lloyd Webber stated: \"I don't regard this as a sequel—it's a stand-alone piece.\"", "Love Never Dies (musical) __knowledge__ He later clarified: \"Clearly, it is a sequel, but I really do not believe that you have to have seen \"Phantom of the Opera\" to understand \"Love Never Dies\".\"" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Kid Rock __knowledge__ Robert James Ritchie (born January 17, 1971), known professionally as Kid Rock, is an American singer-songwriter, rapper, musician, record producer, activist and actor.", "Kid Rock __knowledge__ In a career spanning over 20 years, Kid Rock's music has encompassed rock, hip hop and country.", "Kid Rock __knowledge__ A self-taught multi-instrumentalist who can play every instrument in his backing band, Kid Rock has overseen his own production on nine of his eleven studio albums that he released with his band, Twisted Brown Trucker.", "Kid Rock __knowledge__ Kid Rock started his professional music career as a self-taught rapper and DJ, releasing his debut album \"Grits Sandwiches for Breakfast\" in 1990 on the major record label Jive; his subsequent independent releases \"The Polyfuze Method\" and \"Early Mornin' Stoned Pimp\" saw him developing a more distinctive style which was fully realized on his 1998 album \"Devil Without a Cause\"; this and his subsequent album \"Cocky\" were noted for blending elements of hip hop, country, rock and heavy metal.", "Kid Rock __knowledge__ Starting with his 2010 album \"Born Free\", the country music style has dominated Kid Rock's musical direction, and since 2003's self-titled album, Kid Rock has largely stopped rapping.", "Kid Rock __knowledge__ Kid Rock was born Robert James Ritchie on January 17, 1971, in Romeo, Michigan, to father William Ritchie, owner of multiple car dealerships, and mother Susan Ritchie.", "Twisted Brown Trucker __knowledge__ Twisted Brown Trucker is an American rock band from Detroit, Michigan.", "Twisted Brown Trucker __knowledge__ Formed in 1994 by singer-songwriter, rapper and musician Kid Rock, the band has served as his backing band for eight of his eleven studio albums.", "Twisted Brown Trucker __knowledge__ By 1994, Kid Rock's live performances had mostly been backed by DJs Blackman and Uncle Kracker, but Kid Rock soon began to utilize more and more live instrumentation into his performances, and formed the rock band Twisted Brown Trucker.", "Twisted Brown Trucker __knowledge__ Through extensive promoting, including distributing tapes on consignment to local stores and giving away free samplers of his music, the band developed a following among an audience which DJ Uncle Kracker described as \"white kids who dropped acid and liked listening to gangsta rap\"; this following included local rapper Joe C., who had been attending the band's concerts as a fan, but upon meeting Kid Rock, was invited to perform on stage as Kid Rock's hype man.", "Devil Without a Cause __knowledge__ Devil Without a Cause is the fourth studio album by Kid Rock.", "Devil Without a Cause __knowledge__ Released on August 18, 1998, the album saw Kid Rock continuing to develop his sound by incorporating rap metal, country rap and hard rock into his style.", "Devil Without a Cause __knowledge__ The album was a major commercial success.", "Devil Without a Cause __knowledge__ Spurred by the popularity of the hit single \"Bawitdaba\", the album sold 14 million copies, and was certified platinum 11 times.", "Devil Without a Cause __knowledge__ The album also received critical acclaim for its genre mixing sound, and is considered to be one of the best rock albums of the 1990s, receiving numerous accolades over the years.", "Devil Without a Cause __knowledge__ In 1997, Jason Flom, head of Lava Records, attented one of Kid Rock's performances, and met with Kid Rock, who later gave him a demo containing the songs \"Somebody's Gotta Feel This\" and \"I Got One for Ya\", which led to Kid Rock signing with Atlantic Records.", "Grits Sandwiches for Breakfast __knowledge__ Grits Sandwiches for Breakfast is the debut studio album by Kid Rock.", "Grits Sandwiches for Breakfast __knowledge__ Released on December 30, 1990 by Jive Records, the album is marked by a straightforward hip hop music style, in sharp contrast to the largely rock oriented sound of his later albums.", "Grits Sandwiches for Breakfast __knowledge__ Jive found the album difficult to promote due to its explicit lyrics, but upon release, it made Kid Rock one of Detroit hip hop's most successful recording artists to date, selling over 100,000 copies upon release.", "Grits Sandwiches for Breakfast __knowledge__ Kid Rock began his professional music career as a member of the hip hop music group The Beast Crew in the late 1980s.", "Grits Sandwiches for Breakfast __knowledge__ During this time, Kid Rock met rapper D-Nice, which led to Kid Rock opening at local shows for Boogie Down Productions.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Steven Paul Jobs (; February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American entrepreneur, business magnate, inventor, and industrial designer.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was the chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), and co-founder of Apple Inc.; CEO and majority shareholder of Pixar; a member of The Walt Disney Company's board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar; and the founder, chairman, and CEO of NeXT.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Jobs and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak are widely recognized as pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was born in San Francisco to parents who had to put him up for adoption at birth; he was raised in the San Francisco Bay Area during the 1960s.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ \"Wow Oh Wow\" is a song by Irish hip pop duo Jedward.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It is the third single released from their second album, \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ It was released as a digital download on 18 November 2011.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song is written by Oritsé Williams of boy band JLS, and songwriters Johannes Joergensen, Savan Kotecha, Daniel Klein of Deekay.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ In September 2011, \"Wow Oh Wow\" was announced as the third single from \"Victory\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ Jedward debuted the song on Irish chat show \"The Late Late Show\".", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The song was released as a digital-only single.", "Wow Oh Wow __knowledge__ The music video was directed by Dale \"Rage\" Resteghini and filmed in Los Angeles, California in October 2011.", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ The Neptunes are a two-member producing group consisting of Pharrell Williams and Chad Hugo.", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ This discography lists the recorded performances as a duo and individuals.", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ It also lists the writing and production credits as The Neptunes, as Williams or Hugo, or both.", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ Song names that are bold are singles, album names/releases are in \"italics\".", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ S.B.I.", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ (Surrounded By Idiots) – \"S.B.I.", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ (Surrounded By Idiots) (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" (With Larry Live, DJ Timmy Tim aka \"Timbaland\", Mr. Magoo & Magnum The Verb Lord aka \"Pharrell Williams\", All Tracks Produced By DJ Timmy Tim aka \"Timbaland\") Wreckx N' Effect – \"Hard Or Smooth (November 24th, US #9)\" (All Tracks Produced By Teddy Riley, Written By Pharrell Williams) BLACKstreet – \"BLACKstreet (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" (Produced By Teddy Riley) SWV – \"Right Here (VLS) (July 10th, US #29)\" (All Tracks Produced By Teddy Riley) The Legacy – \"Technobodies (Unreleased)\" (All Tracks Produced By DJ Chase Chad aka Chad Hugo) The Party – \"All About Love (Promo CDS)\" (Produced By Demetrius Ship) BLACKstreet – \"Blackstreet (June 21st, US #7)\" Wreckx N' Effect – \"NBA Jam Session\" (Produced By Teddy Riley, Written By Pharrell Williams) Average Guyz – \"First Come, First Serve (Unreleased)\" (Produced By Chad Hugo) * * Mystikal – \"Mind Of Mystikal (October 15th)\" (Produced By Pharrell Williams & Leroy 'Precise' Edwards) SWV – \"The New Beginning (April 23)\" \"Use Your Heart (CDS) (July 28th, #6)\" Total – \"Total (January 13, US #23)\" (Samples Bee Gee's – Love You Inside Out) Jay-Z – \"In My Lifetime Vol.", "Joe Ritchie __knowledge__ Joseph Ritchie (born 1947) is an options and commodities trader, international businessman, presidential advisor, serial entrepreneur, aviator and father of ten.", "Joe Ritchie __knowledge__ In 1977 he founded Chicago Research and Trading (CRT) and currently serves as the head of Fox River Partners.", "Joe Ritchie __knowledge__ According to BusinessWeek, \"Ritchie is widely acknowledged to be one of the sharpest minds in the options business.\"", "Joe Ritchie __knowledge__ In the early 1980s, Ritchie \"…single-handedly revolutionized the options market\" when he determined that the Black-Scholes pricing model was incomplete.", "Joe Ritchie __knowledge__ According to Institutional Investor, Ritchie made material changes to the Black-Scholes formula and started pioneering computer-driven trading strategies.", "Murray–Darling steamboat people __knowledge__ This is a list of captains and boat owners and others important in the history of the Murray-Darling steamer trade, predominantly between 1850 and 1950.", "Murray–Darling steamboat people __knowledge__ All entries relate to items on the list of Murray–Darling steamboats.", "Murray–Darling steamboat people __knowledge__ 1.", "Murray–Darling steamboat people __knowledge__ Spelling : Information in this article has mostly been gleaned from newspaper reports.", "Murray–Darling steamboat people __knowledge__ Barbour, Bower, Christie, Davies, Dickson, Hampson, Hansen, Johnston, Lindqvist, Maultby, Miers, Pickhills, Reed, Rossiter, Schmedje, Searles, Tait, Theisz, Westergaard (all prominent people) often appeared in print as Barber, Bowers, Christie, Davis, Dixon, Hampton, Hanson, Johnson, Lindquist, Maltby, Myers, Pickels, Reid, Rossitter (or Rosseter), Smidgee (or Schmedge), Searle, Tate, Theiz (or Theitz) and Westergard.", "Slobbovia __knowledge__ Slobbovia was a postal \"Diplomacy\" variant played among science fiction and gaming fans in North America and Europe from 1972 to 1986.", "Slobbovia __knowledge__ The game was published in Slobinpolit Zhurnal (Слобинполит Журнал).", "Slobbovia __knowledge__ It was unique among postal games in that, through extension of the convention of \"press\" (referred to in the game as \"strakh\") prevalent in postal Diplomacy, characterization, plot development and good writing became as important as the actual gameplay itself, and actually influenced the latter.", "Slobbovia __knowledge__ The resulting \"shared world\", created through collaboration, cooperation and conflict, had a substantial, well-fleshed out infrastructure that developed its own rich set of traditions.", "George Ritchie (politician) __knowledge__ Sir George Ritchie KCMG (14 December 1864 – 7 August 1944) was a South Australian politician.", "George Ritchie (politician) __knowledge__ During his parliamentary career he held every ministerial position and was a minister in both Houses, a feat rarely equalled.", "George Ritchie (politician) __knowledge__ Ritchie was the third son of Captain James Ritchie (1832 – 23 April 1881) and his wife Alison (12 August 1829 – 20 February 1913).", "George Ritchie (politician) __knowledge__ Captain James Ritchie, and five others left Scotland for Australia in the early 1850s sailing the \"Lioness\", a 75-ton River Mersey steamer for Captain Cadell, then became a shipowner trading on the River Murray and Murrumbidgee, when his name was as familiar as those of William Randell and Cadell.", "Epigallocatechin gallate __knowledge__ Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), also known as epigallocatechin-3-gallate, is the ester of epigallocatechin and gallic acid, and is a type of catechin.", "Epigallocatechin gallate __knowledge__ EGCG, the most abundant catechin in tea, is a polyphenol under basic research for its potential to affect human health and disease.", "Epigallocatechin gallate __knowledge__ EGCG is used in many dietary supplements.", "Epigallocatechin gallate __knowledge__ It is found in high content in the dried leaves of green tea (7380 mg per 100 g), white tea (4245 mg per 100 g), and in smaller quantities, black tea.", "Epigallocatechin gallate __knowledge__ During black tea production, the catechins are mostly converted to theaflavins and thearubigins via polyphenol oxidases.", "Epigallocatechin gallate __knowledge__ Trace amounts are found in apple skin, plums, onions, hazelnuts, pecans, and carob powder (at 109 mg per 100 g).", "Doxorubicin cardiotoxicity __knowledge__ Doxorubicin is an effective chemotherapeutic agent against multiple types of malignancies.", "Doxorubicin cardiotoxicity __knowledge__ Despite its efficacy, a well-known side effect of Doxorubicin is the cumulative, irreversible cardiotoxicity that accompanies it.", "Doxorubicin cardiotoxicity __knowledge__ The most accepted theory has suggested that the cardiotoxicity is due to increased oxidative stress in the cardiomyocytes.", "Doxorubicin cardiotoxicity __knowledge__ Since Doxorubicin is a quinone, redox reactions can generate large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide (O),HO, and OH.", "Doxorubicin cardiotoxicity __knowledge__ These ROS then cause lipid peroxidation to biomolecules, including the plasma membrane, which is the signal for the cell to begin the apoptotic transduction pathway, specifically due to phosphatiditylserine (PS), a phospholipid membrane component, flipping from the cytosolic side of the plasma membrane to the extracellular side." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Kid Rock __knowledge__ Robert James Ritchie (born January 17, 1971), known professionally as Kid Rock, is an American singer-songwriter, rapper, musician, record producer, activist and actor.", "Kid Rock __knowledge__ In a career spanning over 20 years, Kid Rock's music has encompassed rock, hip hop and country.", "Kid Rock __knowledge__ A self-taught multi-instrumentalist who can play every instrument in his backing band, Kid Rock has overseen his own production on nine of his eleven studio albums that he released with his band, Twisted Brown Trucker.", "Kid Rock __knowledge__ Kid Rock started his professional music career as a self-taught rapper and DJ, releasing his debut album \"Grits Sandwiches for Breakfast\" in 1990 on the major record label Jive; his subsequent independent releases \"The Polyfuze Method\" and \"Early Mornin' Stoned Pimp\" saw him developing a more distinctive style which was fully realized on his 1998 album \"Devil Without a Cause\"; this and his subsequent album \"Cocky\" were noted for blending elements of hip hop, country, rock and heavy metal.", "Kid Rock __knowledge__ Starting with his 2010 album \"Born Free\", the country music style has dominated Kid Rock's musical direction, and since 2003's self-titled album, Kid Rock has largely stopped rapping.", "Kid Rock __knowledge__ Kid Rock was born Robert James Ritchie on January 17, 1971, in Romeo, Michigan, to father William Ritchie, owner of multiple car dealerships, and mother Susan Ritchie.", "2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series __knowledge__ The 2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series was the 66th season of professional stock car racing in the United States and the 43rd modern-era Cup season.", "2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series __knowledge__ The season began at Daytona International Speedway, with the Sprint Unlimited, followed by the Daytona 500.", "2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series __knowledge__ The season ended with the Ford EcoBoost 400 at Homestead-Miami Speedway.", "2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series __knowledge__ This season was the final year of broadcasting for both the ESPN family of networks and Turner Sports.", "2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series __knowledge__ ESPN had covered the second half of the Sprint Cup season since 2007 while Turner Sports ended a thirty-one year relationship with NASCAR on TBS and later TNT.", "2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series __knowledge__ For 2015, their portions of the season were divided between Fox Sports and NBC.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Michael Lee Alfonso (January 24, 1965 – February 17, 2007) was an American professional wrestler.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ He was best known for his appearances with the American professional wrestling promotions Extreme Championship Wrestling, World Championship Wrestling and the World Wrestling Federation under the ring name Mike Awesome and for his appearances in Japan for with Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling and All Japan Pro Wrestling as The Gladiator.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso was trained to wrestle by Steve Keirn, debuting on February 26, 1989.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso trained for about one year along with former professional wrestlers, Dennis Knight (Mideon, Phineas Godwin) and the late \"Big\" Al Green before making his debut.", "Lexa (The 100) __knowledge__ Lexa is a fictional character from the American post-apocalyptic science fiction television series \"The 100\", produced by The CW.", "Lexa (The 100) __knowledge__ The recurring television character (portrayed by Alycia Debnam-Carey) does not appear in the books on which the series is based.", "Lexa (The 100) __knowledge__ The commander of the allied Grounder clans, Lexa is proven to be a reasonable leader and strong warrior.", "Lexa (The 100) __knowledge__ She considers love a weakness, a view significantly impacted by the death of her girlfriend, Costia.", "Lexa (The 100) __knowledge__ Though she starts to show romantic feelings for Clarke Griffin (leader of the Sky People) and takes Clarke's views into consideration, Lexa puts her people first, even at the expense of losing Clarke's trust.", "List of Parks and Recreation characters __knowledge__ The primary characters of the American television comedy series \"Parks and Recreation\" are the employees of the parks department of Pawnee, a fictional Indiana town.", "List of Parks and Recreation characters __knowledge__ The protagonist is Leslie Knope (Amy Poehler), the deputy parks director as well as serving on city council, and the rest of the ensemble cast consists of her friends and co-workers, including nurse Ann Perkins (Rashida Jones), parks director Ron Swanson (Nick Offerman), and parks department employees Tom Haverford (Aziz Ansari), April Ludgate (Aubrey Plaza), Andy Dwyer (Chris Pratt), Jerry Gergich (Jim O'Heir), and Donna Meagle (Retta).", "Vices & Virtues __knowledge__ Vices & Virtues is the third studio album by American rock band Panic!", "Vices & Virtues __knowledge__ at the Disco, released on March 22, 2011 on Fueled by Ramen.", "Vices & Virtues __knowledge__ Produced by John Feldmann and Butch Walker, the album was recorded as a duo by vocalist and multi-instrumentalist Brendon Urie and drummer Spencer Smith, following the departure of lead guitarist, backing vocalist and primary lyricist Ryan Ross and bassist/backing vocalist Jon Walker in July 2009.", "Vices & Virtues __knowledge__ The album's artwork was conceptualized by touring bassist Dallon Weekes who was inducted as a full-time member of the band near the end of recording.", "Vices & Virtues __knowledge__ While Walker and Ross' exit left a hole in the Panic!", "Rosita Espinosa __knowledge__ Rosita Espinosa is a fictional character from the comic book series \"The Walking Dead\" and is portrayed by Christian Serratos in the American television series of the same name.", "Rosita Espinosa __knowledge__ She accompanies Eugene Porter and Abraham Ford on a mission to Washington, D.C.", "Rosita Espinosa __knowledge__ In the comic book series, she joins Rick Grimes' group after they leave the prison and go to DC.", "Rosita Espinosa __knowledge__ Eventually Eugene is revealed to have lied but they continue onto Washington anyway, since he was still convinced the city would offer greater chance of survival, and they eventually find the Alexandria Safe-Zone.", "Rosita Espinosa __knowledge__ Though she and Abraham continue their relationship she eventually breaks up with him when he cheats on her with Holly and moves in with Eugene, eventually starting a relationship with him, but forgives Abraham after he is killed by Dwight.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the series \"The Awesomes\".", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Professor Dr. Jeremy \"Prock\" Awesome (voiced by Seth Meyers) - The son of Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Jeremy Awesome is the young new leader of the Awesomes.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Known as Prock (a portmanteau of Professor and Doctor, since Prock has a JD and an MD) he has always wanted to be a superhero like his father, Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Prock disappointingly doesn't have any of his father's impressive physical powers: indeed, he is unimposing and injury-prone.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ However, he's the smartest on the team and a natural leader: in a crisis he comes up with excellent plans and assigns jobs to everyone on the team.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Hip hop or hip-hop is a subculture and art movement developed in The Bronx in New York City during the late 1970s.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ The origins of the word are often disputed.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Some believe that the word was invented by Keith Cowboy of The Furious Five.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Others believe it was a derogatory name for the people who practise the art and wear the relative clothing.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ It is also argued as to whether hip hop started in the South or West Bronx.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ While the term \"hip hop\" is often used to refer exclusively to hip hop music (also called \"rap\"), hip hop is characterized by nine elements, however only four elements are considered most necessary to understand hip-hop musically.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Hip hop music, also called hip-hop or rap music, is a music genre developed in the United States by inner-city African Americans in the 1970s which consists of a stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements: MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records (or synthesized beats and sounds), and rhythmic beatboxing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ While often used to refer solely to rapping, \"hip hop\" more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ European hip hop is hip hop music created by European musicians.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ Hip hop is a style of music developed by African American and Caribbean communities in the United States during the mid-1970s, and became a large part of modern pop culture during the 1980s.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ Due to this success, it has gained worldwide popularity, especially in Europe where many diverse and unique styles of hip hop have been created.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ This diversity is especially apparent in the forms of hip hop music and culture emanating from settler communities from Europe's former colonies and peripheries.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ In Denmark, Hip Hop rap music has been growing steadily more popular over the last fifteen years and began with Danish language acts such as MC Einar and Rockers by Choice, later on: less knowned Rip Rap & Rock, Flopstarz, Humleridderne and Faktaposen, The Danish way of doing rap music was topped in the 80's towards acceptance among the common people who did not listen to any rap music was with a rap song called: \"Rap Nu\" by the famed and beloved old Danish football commentator: Gunnar \"Nu\" Hansen.", "Cuban hip hop __knowledge__ Hip hop music arrived in Cuba via radio and TV broadcasts from Miami.", "Cuban hip hop __knowledge__ During the 1980s hip hop culture in Cuba was mainly centred on breakdancing.", "Cuban hip hop __knowledge__ But by the 1990s, with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the onset of the Special Period, young \"raperos\" were seeking ways to express their frustrations.", "Cuban hip hop __knowledge__ Initially hip hop was viewed with suspicion, not just by the government, but by many in the community as well.", "Cuban hip hop __knowledge__ With raperos emulating US rappers' aggressive posturing and lyrical content, hip hop was seen as just another cultural invasion from the US, bringing with it the violence and problems of the ghettos.", "African hip hop __knowledge__ Hip hop music has been popular in Africa since the early 1980s due to widespread American influence.", "African hip hop __knowledge__ In 1985 hip hop reached Senegal, a French-speaking country in West Africa.", "African hip hop __knowledge__ Some of the first Senegalese rappers were M.C.", "African hip hop __knowledge__ Lida, M.C.", "African hip hop __knowledge__ Solaar, and Positive Black Soul, who mixed rap with \"Mbalax\", a type of West African pop music.", "African hip hop __knowledge__ An early South African group was Black Noise.", "African hip hop __knowledge__ They began as a graffiti and breakdance crew in Cape Town until they started emceeing in 1989.", "African hip hop __knowledge__ There also have been groups in Tanzania and other countries that emceed before 1989,that knows as Kwanza Unit although it is not very well known.", "Timbaland production discography __knowledge__ Timothy Mosley is a producer better known as Timbaland.", "Timbaland production discography __knowledge__ This discography lists the recorded performances, writing and production credits as Timothy Mosley, as Timothy Zachery Mosley, as Timbaland or DJ Timmy Tim.", "Timbaland production discography __knowledge__ Song names that are bold are singles, album names/releases are in italics.", "Timbaland production discography __knowledge__ DJ Timmy Tim - \"DJ Timmy Tim's Studio Session (Unreleased)\" (All Tracks Produced By DJ Timmy Tim aka Timbaland) S.B.I.", "Timbaland production discography __knowledge__ (Surrounded By Idiots) - \"S.B.I.", "Timbaland production discography __knowledge__ (Surrounded By Idiots) (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" Reboc - \"9 In The Morning (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" Sugah - \"Baby I Know (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" Timbaland - \"Do You Wanna (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" \"Makes You Say (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" Da Boogie Man - \"Da Boogie Man (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" Jodeci - \"Diary Of A Mad Band (US R&B/Hip Hop #1, December 21)\" (All Tracks Produced With DeVante Swing) Missy Elliott - \"Red Lights (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" Mr. Dalvin - \"Set It Off (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" Sista - \"4 All The Sistas Around Da World (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" (All Tracks Produced With DeVante Swing) Static - \"S-T-A-T-I-C (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" Sugah - \"Goin' Down (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" \"Smokin' In The Dark (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" \"Sugah Sensation (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" \"Sugah Thang (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" \"Sugar & Spice (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" Timbaland & Magoo - \"Ain't Nothin' But A B-Party (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" \"Another Level (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" \"In The 90s (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" \"Plenty Of Styles (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" Timbaland - \"Da Funk (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" \"Get Down (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" \"Peepin' My Style (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" \"We Can Do This (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" Virginia Williams - \"Get Down (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" \"Let Me In Your Life (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" \"Slow Drag (Studio Session)\" B-Rezell - \"Above The Rim OST (US R&B/Hip Hop #1, March 22)\" Jodeci - \"What About Us (VLS) (US R&B/Hip Hop #14, August 2)\" Sista - \"4 All The Sistas Around Da World (US R&B/Hip Hop #84, September 24)\" (All Tracks Produced With DeVante Swing) \"Brand New (CDS) (US R&B/Hip Hop #1, August 4)\" (All Tracks Produced With DeVante Swing) Usher - \"Usher (US R&B/Hip Hop #25, August 30)\" (Produced With DeVante Swing) Jodeci - The Show, The After Party, The Hotel (US R&B/Hip Hop #1, July 18) Mr. Dalvin - \"Dangerous Minds OST (US Top 200 #1, August 10)\" Playa - \"Ride Around (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" Sista - \"Dangerous Minds OST (US Top 200 #1, August 10)\" (Produced With DeVante Swing) 702 - \"Steelo Remixes\" Aaliyah – \"One In A Million (US R&B/Hip Hop #2, August 27)\" \"If Your Girl Only Knew (CDS) (US R&B/Hip Hop #1, August 13)\" \"One In A Million (CDM) (US R&B/Hip Hop #1, December 10)\" Babyface - \"This Is For The Lover In You (The Remix CD) (US R&B/Hip Hop #2, October 5)\" DeVante - \"Gin & Juice (VLS) (January 23)\" Ginuwine - \"Ginuwine...", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ The Neptunes are a two-member producing group consisting of Pharrell Williams and Chad Hugo.", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ This discography lists the recorded performances as a duo and individuals.", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ It also lists the writing and production credits as The Neptunes, as Williams or Hugo, or both.", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ Song names that are bold are singles, album names/releases are in \"italics\".", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ S.B.I.", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ (Surrounded By Idiots) – \"S.B.I.", "The Neptunes production discography __knowledge__ (Surrounded By Idiots) (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" (With Larry Live, DJ Timmy Tim aka \"Timbaland\", Mr. Magoo & Magnum The Verb Lord aka \"Pharrell Williams\", All Tracks Produced By DJ Timmy Tim aka \"Timbaland\") Wreckx N' Effect – \"Hard Or Smooth (November 24th, US #9)\" (All Tracks Produced By Teddy Riley, Written By Pharrell Williams) BLACKstreet – \"BLACKstreet (Studio Session) (Unreleased)\" (Produced By Teddy Riley) SWV – \"Right Here (VLS) (July 10th, US #29)\" (All Tracks Produced By Teddy Riley) The Legacy – \"Technobodies (Unreleased)\" (All Tracks Produced By DJ Chase Chad aka Chad Hugo) The Party – \"All About Love (Promo CDS)\" (Produced By Demetrius Ship) BLACKstreet – \"Blackstreet (June 21st, US #7)\" Wreckx N' Effect – \"NBA Jam Session\" (Produced By Teddy Riley, Written By Pharrell Williams) Average Guyz – \"First Come, First Serve (Unreleased)\" (Produced By Chad Hugo) * * Mystikal – \"Mind Of Mystikal (October 15th)\" (Produced By Pharrell Williams & Leroy 'Precise' Edwards) SWV – \"The New Beginning (April 23)\" \"Use Your Heart (CDS) (July 28th, #6)\" Total – \"Total (January 13, US #23)\" (Samples Bee Gee's – Love You Inside Out) Jay-Z – \"In My Lifetime Vol." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Kid Rock __knowledge__ Robert James Ritchie (born January 17, 1971), known professionally as Kid Rock, is an American singer-songwriter, rapper, musician, record producer, activist and actor.", "Kid Rock __knowledge__ In a career spanning over 20 years, Kid Rock's music has encompassed rock, hip hop and country.", "Kid Rock __knowledge__ A self-taught multi-instrumentalist who can play every instrument in his backing band, Kid Rock has overseen his own production on nine of his eleven studio albums that he released with his band, Twisted Brown Trucker.", "Kid Rock __knowledge__ Kid Rock started his professional music career as a self-taught rapper and DJ, releasing his debut album \"Grits Sandwiches for Breakfast\" in 1990 on the major record label Jive; his subsequent independent releases \"The Polyfuze Method\" and \"Early Mornin' Stoned Pimp\" saw him developing a more distinctive style which was fully realized on his 1998 album \"Devil Without a Cause\"; this and his subsequent album \"Cocky\" were noted for blending elements of hip hop, country, rock and heavy metal.", "Kid Rock __knowledge__ Starting with his 2010 album \"Born Free\", the country music style has dominated Kid Rock's musical direction, and since 2003's self-titled album, Kid Rock has largely stopped rapping.", "Kid Rock __knowledge__ Kid Rock was born Robert James Ritchie on January 17, 1971, in Romeo, Michigan, to father William Ritchie, owner of multiple car dealerships, and mother Susan Ritchie.", "Makchang __knowledge__ Makchang (; \"last viscus\") or so-makchang (; \"beef last viscus\") refers to either the abomasum (the fourth and final stomach compartment in ruminants) of cattle or the \"gui\" (grilled dish) made of beef abomasum.", "Makchang __knowledge__ The latter is also called makchang-gui (; \"grilled last viscus\") or so-makchang-gui (; \"grilled beef last viscus\").", "Makchang __knowledge__ Dwaeji-makchang (; \"pork last viscus\") means either the rectum of pig or the \"gui\" made of pork rectum, and the grilled dish is also referred to as dwaeji-makchang-gui (; \"grilled pork last viscus\").", "Makchang __knowledge__ They are often served with a light \"doenjang\" sauce and chopped scallions.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Having reformed from his violent ways, Bigby (a.k.a.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ the Big Bad Wolf) became the cigarette-smoking, trench coat-clad sheriff of Fabletown.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is extremely cunning and resourceful, in addition to being an excellent detective.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Due to Snow White's possession of a lycanthropy-stained knife, he is now a werewolf and can change between wolf form, human form and an intermediate \"wolfman\" stage at will (in \"The Great Fables Crossover\", it is revealed that Bigby's nature as one of the North Wind's sons allows him to change forms at will).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is the son of the North Wind, and, as such, has control over the lower-tier winds, plus the \"huff and puff\" of legend.", "Burton Cummings __knowledge__ Burton Lorne Cummings, (born December 31, 1947) is a Canadian musician, singer and songwriter.", "Burton Cummings __knowledge__ Burton is the former lead singer and keyboardist for the Canadian rock band The Guess Who.", "Burton Cummings __knowledge__ During his 10 years in the band, from 1965 to 1975, he sang, wrote or co-wrote many hit songs, including \"American Woman,\" \"No Time\", \"Share the Land\", \"Hand Me Down World\", \"Laughing\", \"Star Baby\", \"New Mother Nature\", \"These Eyes\", and \"Clap for the Wolfman\".", "Burton Cummings __knowledge__ His solo career includes many hit singles, including \"Stand Tall\", \"My Own Way to Rock\", \"Fine State of Affairs\", and \"You Saved My Soul\".", "Burton Cummings __knowledge__ Cummings was born and raised in Winnipeg, Manitoba, as were all of the other original members of The Guess Who.", "I Never Knew You __knowledge__ I Never Knew You is the second extended play by American rapper Cage.", "I Never Knew You __knowledge__ Released by Adult Swim and Definitive Jux, the EP was released to promote Cage's album \"Depart from Me\" and the first music video from that album, \"I Never Knew You\", and contained four exclusive tracks.", "I Never Knew You __knowledge__ The title track, \"I Never Knew You\", appeared on the album \"Depart from Me\".", "I Never Knew You __knowledge__ \"I Never Knew You\" was initially released as a free digital download, but has since been released through digital stores.", "I Never Knew You __knowledge__ The EP was released in conjunction with the release of a music video for \"I Never Knew You\" directed by Shia LaBeouf.", "I Never Knew You __knowledge__ The video features actor Dan Byrd following a woman played by Scarlett Kapella.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ The \"Deltora\" series features a wide line of characters, both important and minor.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ The series also features many different monsters and creatures that appeared in all of the many different books.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ This article is a list of the many different characters and creatures that have appeared in the Deltora series.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ Lief was raised as a blacksmith's son in the run-down city of Del after the invasion.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ Hot-headed and impatient at the start of the series, all he wanted to do was go out and explore the city.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ On the night of his sixteenth birthday, he leaves on his father's quest to restore the Belt of Deltora, the only thing that can save their land and the heir from the tyranny of the Shadow Lord.", "Gillian Guess __knowledge__ Gillian Guess (born 1955) is a Vancouver woman who was convicted in 1998 of obstruction of justice after becoming romantically involved with a murder defendant while she was a juror in his 1995 trial.", "Gillian Guess __knowledge__ Her case became significant because it set legal precedents in four areas of Canadian Law: it was the first case where a juror had sexual relations with a murder defendant during his trial; the only case where a juror has faced criminal sanction for the decision they have made; the only case in Canadian law where jury room discussions were made part of the public record.", "Gillian Guess __knowledge__ Regarding the sanctity of juror deliberations up until Guess was arrested, there was no law in Canada that made her actions illegal and more over, the procedures used in her trial may have violated Guess' rights under the Canadian Charter.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Guess (styled as GUESS or Guess?)", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ is an American clothing brand and retailer.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ In addition to clothing for both men and women, Guess markets other fashion accessories such as watches, jewelry, perfumes, and shoes.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Guess began in 1981 as a book of styles by Georges Marciano.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Maurice, Georges brother, was first sought by Georges to help with product development.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Armand and Paul, also Georges' brothers, were in charge of distribution and advertising, respectively.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Armand ran distribution.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Paul created the advertising, all of it in-house.", "Guess (clothing) __knowledge__ Georges designed the clothes, burnishing Guess' signature style: stonewashed denim, lighter in color, softer and more form-fitting than the competitors.", "One-man band __knowledge__ A one-man band, or one-woman band, is a musician who plays a number of instruments simultaneously using their hands, feet, limbs, and various mechanical and/or electronic contraptions.", "One-man band __knowledge__ One person band musicians also often sing while they perform.", "One-man band __knowledge__ The simplest type of \"one-person band\" — a singer accompanying him/herself on acoustic guitar and playing a harmonica mounted in a metal \"harp rack\" below the mouth — is often used by buskers and folk music singer-guitarists.", "One-man band __knowledge__ More complicated setups may include wind instruments strapped around the neck, a large bass drum mounted on the musician's back with a beater which is connected to a foot pedal, cymbals strapped between the knees or triggered by a pedal mechanism, tambourines and maracas tied to the limbs, and a stringed instrument strapped over the shoulders (e.g., a banjo, ukulele or guitar).", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Close to the Edge __knowledge__ Close to the Edge is the fifth studio album by the English progressive rock band Yes, released on 13 September 1972 by Atlantic Records.", "Close to the Edge __knowledge__ Following a tour in support of their previous album, \"Fragile\", Yes returned to Advision Studios in London to record their next album.", "Close to the Edge __knowledge__ Produced by the band and audio engineer Eddy Offord, the album consists of three tracks: \"Close to the Edge\" on side one; \"And You and I\" and \"Siberian Khatru\" on side two.", "Close to the Edge __knowledge__ When recording for the album finished, drummer Bill Bruford, frustrated by the band's style and laborious recording in the studio, left to join King Crimson.", "Women in music __knowledge__ Women in music describes the role of women as composers, songwriters, instrumental performers, singers, conductors, music scholars, music educators, music critics/music journalists and other musical professions.", "Women in music __knowledge__ As well, it describes music movements (e.g., women's music, which is music written and performed by women for women), events and genres related to women, women's issues and feminism.", "Women in music __knowledge__ In the 2010s, while women comprise a significant proportion of popular music and classical music singers, and a significant proportion of songwriters (many of them being singer-songwriters), there are few women record producers, rock critics and rock instrumentalists.", "Women in punk rock __knowledge__ Women have made significant contributions to punk rock music and its subculture since its inception in the 1970s.", "Women in punk rock __knowledge__ In contrast to the rock music and heavy metal scenes of the 1970s, which were dominated by men, the anarchic, counter-cultural mindset of the punk scene in mid-and-late 1970s encouraged women to participate.", "Women in punk rock __knowledge__ This participation played a role in the historical development of punk music, especially in the U.S. and U.K. at that time, and continues to influence and enable future generations.", "Women in punk rock __knowledge__ Women have participated in the punk scene as lead singers, instrumentalists, as all-female bands, zine contributors and fashion designers.", "D'Angelo __knowledge__ Michael Eugene Archer (born February 11, 1974), better known by his stage name D'Angelo (pronounced \"dee\"-Angelo), is an American singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist and record producer.", "D'Angelo __knowledge__ Born in Richmond, Virginia, the son of a Pentecostal minister, he began teaching himself piano as a very young child, and at age 18 he won the amateur talent competition at Harlem's Apollo Theater three weeks in a row.", "D'Angelo __knowledge__ After briefly being a member of a hip-hop group called I.D.U., his first major success came in 1994 as the co-writer and co-producer of \"U Will Know\".", "D'Angelo __knowledge__ His debut solo album, \"Brown Sugar\", released in July 1995, received rave reviews and sold over two million copies." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]

[ "Mine too! His real name, though is Robert James Ritchie. ", "Me too! In his 20 year career, he has done rock, hip hop and country. ", "Yes, but what do you expect from someone who is a self-taught multi-instrumentalist who can play every instrument in his band. ", "Yup. He's also a self-taught rapper and DJ." ]

[ "Kid Rock", "Kid Rock", "Kid Rock", "Kid Rock" ]

[ "Casino\nI have actually never been to a casino! Have you?", "Do you know much about them?", "I suppose it's an impulse thing", "Do you know how long casinos have been around?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Casino __knowledge__ A casino is a facility which houses and accommodates certain types of gambling activities.", "Casino __knowledge__ The industry that deals in casinos is called the gaming industry.", "Casino __knowledge__ Casinos are most commonly built near or combined with hotels, restaurants, retail shopping, cruise ships or other tourist attractions.", "Casino __knowledge__ There is much debate over whether the social and economic consequences of casino gambling outweigh the initial revenue that may be generated.", "Casino __knowledge__ Some casinos are also known for hosting live entertainment events, such as stand-up comedy, concerts, and sporting events.", "Casino __knowledge__ The term \"casino\" is a confusing linguistic false friend for translators.", "Casino __knowledge__ \"Casino\" is of Italian origin; the root \"casa\" (house) originally meant a small country villa, summerhouse, or social club.", "Casino __knowledge__ During the 19th century, the term \"casino\" came to include other public buildings where pleasurable activities took place; such edifices were usually built on the grounds of a larger Italian villa or palazzo, and were used to host civic town functions, including dancing, gambling, music listening, and sports; examples in Italy include Villa Farnese and Villa Giulia, and in the US the Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island.", "Casino __knowledge__ In modern-day Italian—the source-language of the word—a \"casino\" is either a brothel (also called \"casa chiusa\", literally \"closed house\"), a mess, or a noisy environment, while a gaming house is spelt \"casinò\", with an accent.. Not all casinos were used for gaming.", "List of Atlantic City casinos that never opened __knowledge__ Over the years there have been numerous planned casinos in Atlantic City that never opened.", "List of Atlantic City casinos that never opened __knowledge__ In November 1976, voters in New Jersey approved a referendum that legalized casino gambling in Atlantic City, and the Casino Control Act of New Jersey was signed by the governor on June 2, 1977.", "List of Atlantic City casinos that never opened __knowledge__ Atlantic City was the first place in the country to have legalized casino gambling outside Nevada.", "List of Atlantic City casinos that never opened __knowledge__ A rush of investors announced plans to build hotel-casinos.", "List of Atlantic City casinos that never opened __knowledge__ A lack of available financing along with legal issues, such as zoning, licensing, and environmental regulations ended the plans of most of these investors.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps is a dice game in which the players make wagers on the outcome of the roll, or a series of rolls, of a pair of dice.", "Craps __knowledge__ Players may wager money against each other (playing \"street craps\", also known as \"shooting dice,\" \"rolling bones,\" or any combination thereof) or a bank (playing \"casino craps\", also known as \"table craps\", or often just \"craps\").", "Craps __knowledge__ Because it requires little equipment, \"street craps\" can be played in informal settings.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps developed from a simplification of the early English game of \"hazard\".", "Craps __knowledge__ Its origins are complex and may date to the Crusades, later being influenced by French gamblers.", "Memory implantation __knowledge__ Memory implantation is a technique used in cognitive psychology to investigate human memory.", "Memory implantation __knowledge__ In memory implantation studies researchers make people believe that they remember an event that actually never happened.", "Memory implantation __knowledge__ The false memories that have been successfully implanted in people’s memories include remembering being lost in a mall as a child, taking a hot air balloon ride, and putting slime in a teacher’s desk in primary school.", "Memory implantation __knowledge__ Memory implantation techniques were developed in the 1990s as a way of providing evidence of how easy it is to distort people's memories of past events.", "Memory implantation __knowledge__ Most of the studies on memory implantation were published in the context of the debate about repressed memories and the possible danger of digging for lost memories in therapy.", "Casino Royale (1967 film) __knowledge__ Casino Royale is a 1967 spy comedy film originally produced by Columbia Pictures featuring an ensemble cast.", "Casino Royale (1967 film) __knowledge__ It is loosely based on Ian Fleming's first James Bond novel.", "Casino Royale (1967 film) __knowledge__ The film stars David Niven as the \"original\" Bond, Sir James Bond 007.", "Casino Royale (1967 film) __knowledge__ Forced out of retirement to investigate the deaths and disappearances of international spies, he soon battles the mysterious Dr. Noah and SMERSH.", "Casino Royale (1967 film) __knowledge__ The film's tagline: \"Casino Royale is too much... for one James Bond!\"", "Casino Royale (1967 film) __knowledge__ refers to Bond's ruse to mislead SMERSH in which six other agents are pretending to be \"James Bond\", namely, baccarat master Evelyn Tremble (Peter Sellers), millionaire spy Vesper Lynd (Ursula Andress), Bond's secretary Miss Moneypenny (Barbara Bouchet), Mata Bond (Joanna Pettet), Bond's daughter by Mata Hari; and British agents \"Coop\" (Terence Cooper) and \"The Detainer\" (Daliah Lavi).", "List of Las Vegas casinos that never opened __knowledge__ Over the years there have been several casinos and resorts planned for Las Vegas that never opened.", "List of Las Vegas casinos that never opened __knowledge__ The stages of planning may have been just an announcement or groundbreaking.", "List of Las Vegas casinos that never opened __knowledge__ Where the Palazzo Casino and Resort currently stands (adjacent to the Venetian Hotel and Casino and the Sands Expo and Convention Center), an Asian themed casino was proposed but was rejected for the present Palazzo project.", "List of Las Vegas casinos that never opened __knowledge__ A proposed luxury hotel and casino located on the Las Vegas Strip on the former site of the New Frontier Hotel and Casino.", "List of Las Vegas casinos that never opened __knowledge__ The project was put in doubt after Crown Resorts announced in late 2016 it was suspending its involvement in the development.", "List of 30 Rock characters __knowledge__ \"30 Rock\" is an American television comedy series created by Tina Fey, which aired on NBC.", "List of 30 Rock characters __knowledge__ The series takes place behind the scenes of a fictional live sketch comedy series, also airing on NBC; the name \"30 Rock\" refers to the address of the GE Building, where NBC Studios is located (30 Rockefeller Plaza).", "List of 30 Rock characters __knowledge__ The series has an ensemble cast consisting of 14 regular cast members: Tina Fey, Alec Baldwin, Tracy Morgan, Jane Krakowski, Jack McBrayer, Scott Adsit, Judah Friedlander, Katrina Bowden, Keith Powell, Lonny Ross, John Lutz, Kevin Brown, Grizz Chapman, and Maulik Pancholy.", "List of 30 Rock characters __knowledge__ The series features seven characters appearing during the opening credits: There are another seven characters not appearing during the opening credits but also receiving star billing.", "Klondike Sunset Casino __knowledge__ Klondike Sunset Casino is a locals casino located on of land at 444 West Sunset Road, west of Boulder Highway, in Henderson, Nevada.", "Klondike Sunset Casino __knowledge__ It was initially owned by Tom Yarbrough, who opened it as Tom's Sunset Casino on August 2, 1989.", "Klondike Sunset Casino __knowledge__ The casino closed in January 1998, due to financial losses and new competition.", "Klondike Sunset Casino __knowledge__ John Woodrum purchased the casino and reopened it as the Klondike Sunset Casino in October 1999, after a $5 million renovation.", "Klondike Sunset Casino __knowledge__ The casino was a sister property to Woodrum's Klondike Hotel and Casino on the Las Vegas Strip in nearby Paradise, Nevada.", "Klondike Sunset Casino __knowledge__ After Woodrum's death in 2014, the casino was closed and sold to Carl Giudici, whose plans to renovate and reopen the casino failed to materialize." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Casino __knowledge__ A casino is a facility which houses and accommodates certain types of gambling activities.", "Casino __knowledge__ The industry that deals in casinos is called the gaming industry.", "Casino __knowledge__ Casinos are most commonly built near or combined with hotels, restaurants, retail shopping, cruise ships or other tourist attractions.", "Casino __knowledge__ There is much debate over whether the social and economic consequences of casino gambling outweigh the initial revenue that may be generated.", "Casino __knowledge__ Some casinos are also known for hosting live entertainment events, such as stand-up comedy, concerts, and sporting events.", "Casino __knowledge__ The term \"casino\" is a confusing linguistic false friend for translators.", "Casino __knowledge__ \"Casino\" is of Italian origin; the root \"casa\" (house) originally meant a small country villa, summerhouse, or social club.", "Casino __knowledge__ During the 19th century, the term \"casino\" came to include other public buildings where pleasurable activities took place; such edifices were usually built on the grounds of a larger Italian villa or palazzo, and were used to host civic town functions, including dancing, gambling, music listening, and sports; examples in Italy include Villa Farnese and Villa Giulia, and in the US the Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island.", "Casino __knowledge__ In modern-day Italian—the source-language of the word—a \"casino\" is either a brothel (also called \"casa chiusa\", literally \"closed house\"), a mess, or a noisy environment, while a gaming house is spelt \"casinò\", with an accent.. Not all casinos were used for gaming.", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ \"1+1\" is a song recorded by American recording artist Beyoncé for her fourth studio album, \"4\" (2011).", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ It was released by Columbia Records in the United States on May 25, 2011, as a promotional single.", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ Serving as the opening track on \"4\", it was written and produced by The-Dream, Tricky Stewart .", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ \"1+1\" was originally titled \"Nothing But Love\" and by Corey-Jackson Carter & The-Dream & he had initially planned to include it on his second studio album, \"Love vs. Money\" (2009).", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ A down-tempo contemporary R&B and soul music power ballad, \"1+1\" Beyoncé expressing her endless love to her soul mate; the lyrics make strong statements about the power of the relationship.", "Kenneth C. Davis __knowledge__ Kenneth C. Davis is an American historian, best known for his \"Don't Know Much About...\" series.", "Kenneth C. Davis __knowledge__ Born in Mount Vernon, New York City, Davis attended but did not graduate from Concordia College, Bronxville in New York, and Fordham University at Lincoln Center, New York.", "Kenneth C. Davis __knowledge__ He lives in New York City and Dorset, Vermont, with his wife and two children.", "Kenneth C. Davis __knowledge__ Davis has made frequent media appearances, including NPR's \"All Things Considered\", and he has lectured at museums, including the Smithsonian Museum and the American Museum of Natural History.", "Kenneth C. Davis __knowledge__ He has been a contributor to \"The New York Times\", \"Newsday\" and other publications.", "Linda Ronstadt __knowledge__ Linda Maria Ronstadt (born July 15, 1946) is an American popular music singer known for singing in a wide range of genres including rock, country, jazz, light opera, and Latin.", "Linda Ronstadt __knowledge__ She has earned 11 Grammy Awards, three American Music Awards, two Academy of Country Music awards, an Emmy Award, and an ALMA Award, and many of her albums have been certified gold, platinum or multiplatinum in the United States and internationally.", "Linda Ronstadt __knowledge__ She has also earned nominations for a Tony Award and a Golden Globe award.", "Linda Ronstadt __knowledge__ She was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April 2014.", "Linda Ronstadt __knowledge__ On July 28, 2014, she was awarded the National Medal of Arts and Humanities.", "Don't Know Much __knowledge__ \"Don't Know Much\" is a song written by Barry Mann, Cynthia Weil and Tom Snow.", "Don't Know Much __knowledge__ The original version of this song was recorded by Barry Mann in 1980 and was made famous when it was covered as a duet by Linda Ronstadt and Aaron Neville in 1989.", "Don't Know Much __knowledge__ The song had a rich history prior to its success in 1989.", "Don't Know Much __knowledge__ It first appeared on Barry Mann's self-titled 1980 album, released on Casablanca records.", "Don't Know Much __knowledge__ Bill Medley and Bette Midler (under the title \"All I Need to Know\") then had minor chart success with it in 1981 and 1983, respectively.", "Don't Know Much __knowledge__ In 1985, Audrey Landers recorded the song as \"All I Need to Know\" for her second album for the German market, \"Paradise Generation\", by Glenn Jones on his 1987 self-titled album for Jive Records, and gospel singer Cynthia Clawson also has a version under this title on her 1990 album \"Words Will Never Do\".", "Taking Chances (song) __knowledge__ \"Taking Chances\" is a song recorded by Canadian recording artist Celine Dion, taken from her tenth English studio album of the same name (2007).", "Taking Chances (song) __knowledge__ It was written by songwriter Kara DioGuardi and former Eurythmics member Dave Stewart for their band named Platinum Weird.", "Taking Chances (song) __knowledge__ It was supposed to be released as a single in February 2007 for their unreleased self-titled album.", "Taking Chances (song) __knowledge__ However, after DioGuardi and Stewart recorded the song, they played it for Dion's husband René Angélil, who loved it and Dion recorded it.", "Taking Chances (song) __knowledge__ It was released as the first single from \"Taking Chances\" in September 2007.", "Taking Chances (song) __knowledge__ \"Taking Chances\" is a pop ballad with a soft rock finish.", "Aaron Neville __knowledge__ Aaron Neville (born January 24, 1941 in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States) is an American R&B and soul singer and musician.", "Aaron Neville __knowledge__ He has had four Platinum-certified albums and four Top 10 hits in the United States, including three that went to #1 on Billboard's Adult Contemporary chart.", "Aaron Neville __knowledge__ His debut single, from 1966, was #1 on the Soul chart for five weeks.", "Aaron Neville __knowledge__ He has also recorded with his brothers Art, Charles and Cyril as The Neville Brothers and is the father of singer/keyboards player Ivan Neville.", "Aaron Neville __knowledge__ Of mixed African-American, Caucasian, and Native American (Choctaw) heritage, his music also features Cajun and Creole influences.", "Fame in the 20th Century __knowledge__ Fame in the 20th Century is a 1993 BBC documentary television series and book by Clive James.", "Fame in the 20th Century __knowledge__ The book and series examined the phenomenon of fame and how it expanded to international mass media proportions throughout the 20th century.", "Fame in the 20th Century __knowledge__ The 8 episodes were divided in roughly 8 decades, from the 1900s to the 1980s.", "Fame in the 20th Century __knowledge__ Each episode highlighted world-famous people during that part of the century.", "Fame in the 20th Century __knowledge__ James delivered interesting and amusing comments about the portrayed celebrities and the various ways they became famous.", "Fame in the 20th Century __knowledge__ In the United States, the series were broadcast on PBS.", "Fame in the 20th Century __knowledge__ James and his team developed the series as a study on the concept fame, and more specifically \"world fame\".", "Gambling in Russia __knowledge__ Gambling in Russia is legal in only four regional subject areas, and in 2009 was made illegal in all other areas of Russia.", "Gambling in Russia __knowledge__ In 2009, gambling was banned almost everywhere in Russia.", "Gambling in Russia __knowledge__ The only exceptions are four specially arranged zones in the Altai, Krasnodar, Kaliningrad, and Primorsky regions.", "Gambling in Russia __knowledge__ Gambling has been a major policy problem for the Russian government since the early 21st century.", "Gambling in Russia __knowledge__ The problem was the rapidly increasing number of slot machines and gambling houses, including casinos, spreading all over the country.", "Gambling in Russia __knowledge__ This caused a little concern for the government.", "Gambling in Russia __knowledge__ According to city officials, after the year 2002 there were 58 casinos, 2,000 gaming rooms and approximately 70,000 slot machines in Moscow.", "Crown Perth __knowledge__ Crown Perth (formerly Burswood Island Casino, Burswood Island Complex and Burswood Entertainment Complex) is a resort and casino located in Burswood, Western Australia, near the Swan River.", "Crown Perth __knowledge__ The resort consists of a casino, a convention centre with meeting rooms, theatre and two ballrooms along with 32 restaurants and bars, a nightclub and recreational facilities.", "Crown Perth __knowledge__ It also features three hotels: the 405-room \" Crown Metropol Perth\" , the 291-room \"Crown Promenade Perth\" and the 500-room luxury hotel Crown Towers Perth, which was opened in December 2016.", "Crown Perth __knowledge__ In 1984, the Western Australian Government proposed at the suggestion of Perth businessman Dallas Dempster that a casino complex be constructed at Burswood Island on the Swan River, east of the Perth city centre.", "Online gambling __knowledge__ Online gambling (or Internet gambling) includes poker, casinos and sports betting.", "Online gambling __knowledge__ The first online casino was in 1994.", "Online gambling __knowledge__ Many countries restrict or ban online gambling, but it is legal in some provinces in Canada, most countries of the European Union and several nations in the Caribbean.", "Online gambling __knowledge__ In 1994, Antigua and Barbuda passed the Free Trade & Processing Act, allowing licences to be granted to organisations applying to open online casinos.", "Online gambling __knowledge__ Before online casinos, the first fully functional gambling software was developed by Microgaming, an Isle of Man-based software company.", "Online gambling __knowledge__ This was secured with software developed by CryptoLogic, an online security software company.", "Skin gambling __knowledge__ In video games, skin gambling is the use of virtual goods, which are most commonly cosmetic elements such as \"skins\" which have no direct influence on gameplay, as virtual currency to bet on the outcome of professional matches or on other games of chance.", "Skin gambling __knowledge__ It primarily has occurred within the player community for the game \"\" by Valve Corporation, but practice of it exists in other game communities.", "Skin gambling __knowledge__ Valve also runs the Steam marketplace which can be interfaced by third-parties to enable trading, buying, and selling of skins from players' Steam inventories for real-world or digital currency, though Valve itself condemns the gambling practices and such activity violates Steam's Terms of Service.", "Atlantic City, New Jersey __knowledge__ Atlantic City is a resort city in Atlantic County, New Jersey, United States, known for its casinos, boardwalks, and beaches.", "Atlantic City, New Jersey __knowledge__ In 2010, it had a population of 39,558.", "Atlantic City, New Jersey __knowledge__ The city was incorporated on May 1, 1854, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township.", "Atlantic City, New Jersey __knowledge__ It borders Absecon, Brigantine, Pleasantville, Ventnor City, West Atlantic City, and the Atlantic Ocean.", "Atlantic City, New Jersey __knowledge__ Atlantic City inspired the American version of the board game \"Monopoly\", especially the street names.", "Atlantic City, New Jersey __knowledge__ Since 1921, Atlantic City has been the home of the Miss America pageant.", "Atlantic City, New Jersey __knowledge__ In 1976, New Jersey voters legalized casino gambling in Atlantic City.", "Klondike Sunset Casino __knowledge__ Klondike Sunset Casino is a locals casino located on of land at 444 West Sunset Road, west of Boulder Highway, in Henderson, Nevada.", "Klondike Sunset Casino __knowledge__ It was initially owned by Tom Yarbrough, who opened it as Tom's Sunset Casino on August 2, 1989.", "Klondike Sunset Casino __knowledge__ The casino closed in January 1998, due to financial losses and new competition.", "Klondike Sunset Casino __knowledge__ John Woodrum purchased the casino and reopened it as the Klondike Sunset Casino in October 1999, after a $5 million renovation.", "Klondike Sunset Casino __knowledge__ The casino was a sister property to Woodrum's Klondike Hotel and Casino on the Las Vegas Strip in nearby Paradise, Nevada.", "Klondike Sunset Casino __knowledge__ After Woodrum's death in 2014, the casino was closed and sold to Carl Giudici, whose plans to renovate and reopen the casino failed to materialize.", "Monaco __knowledge__ Monaco (; ), officially the Principality of Monaco (), is a sovereign city-state, country and microstate on the French Riviera in Western Europe.", "Monaco __knowledge__ France borders the country on three sides while the other side borders the Mediterranean Sea.", "Monaco __knowledge__ Monaco has an area of and a population of about 38,400, according to the last census of 2016.", "Monaco __knowledge__ With 19,009 inhabitants per km², it is the second-smallest and most densely populated sovereign state in the world.", "Monaco __knowledge__ Monaco has a land border of , a coastline of , and a width that varies between .", "Monaco __knowledge__ The highest point in the country is a narrow pathway named Chemin des Révoires on the slopes of Mont Agel, in the Les Révoires \"Ward\", which is above sea level." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Casino __knowledge__ A casino is a facility which houses and accommodates certain types of gambling activities.", "Casino __knowledge__ The industry that deals in casinos is called the gaming industry.", "Casino __knowledge__ Casinos are most commonly built near or combined with hotels, restaurants, retail shopping, cruise ships or other tourist attractions.", "Casino __knowledge__ There is much debate over whether the social and economic consequences of casino gambling outweigh the initial revenue that may be generated.", "Casino __knowledge__ Some casinos are also known for hosting live entertainment events, such as stand-up comedy, concerts, and sporting events.", "Casino __knowledge__ The term \"casino\" is a confusing linguistic false friend for translators.", "Casino __knowledge__ \"Casino\" is of Italian origin; the root \"casa\" (house) originally meant a small country villa, summerhouse, or social club.", "Casino __knowledge__ During the 19th century, the term \"casino\" came to include other public buildings where pleasurable activities took place; such edifices were usually built on the grounds of a larger Italian villa or palazzo, and were used to host civic town functions, including dancing, gambling, music listening, and sports; examples in Italy include Villa Farnese and Villa Giulia, and in the US the Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island.", "Casino __knowledge__ In modern-day Italian—the source-language of the word—a \"casino\" is either a brothel (also called \"casa chiusa\", literally \"closed house\"), a mess, or a noisy environment, while a gaming house is spelt \"casinò\", with an accent.. Not all casinos were used for gaming.", "Linear filter __knowledge__ Linear filters process time-varying input signals to produce output signals, subject to the constraint of linearity.", "Linear filter __knowledge__ This results from systems composed solely of components (or digital algorithms) classified as having a linear response.", "Linear filter __knowledge__ Most filters implemented in analog electronics, in digital signal processing, or in mechanical systems are classified as causal, time invariant, and linear signal processing filters.", "Linear filter __knowledge__ The general concept of linear filtering is also used in statistics, data analysis, and mechanical engineering among other fields and technologies.", "Linear filter __knowledge__ This includes non-causal filters and filters in more than one dimension such as those used in image processing; those filters are subject to different constraints leading to different design methods.", "Linear time-invariant theory __knowledge__ Linear time-invariant theory, commonly known as LTI system theory, comes from applied mathematics and has direct applications in NMR spectroscopy, seismology, circuits, signal processing, control theory, and other technical areas.", "Linear time-invariant theory __knowledge__ It investigates the response of a linear and time-invariant system to an arbitrary input signal.", "Linear time-invariant theory __knowledge__ Trajectories of these systems are commonly measured and tracked as they move through time (e.g., an acoustic waveform), but in applications like image processing and field theory, the LTI systems also have trajectories in spatial dimensions.", "Linear time-invariant theory __knowledge__ Thus, these systems are also called \"linear translation-invariant\" to give the theory the most general reach.", "Specific impulse __knowledge__ Specific impulse (usually abbreviated \"I\") is a measure of how effectively a rocket uses propellant or jet engine uses fuel.", "Specific impulse __knowledge__ By definition, it is the total impulse (or change in momentum) delivered per unit of propellant consumed and is dimensionally equivalent to the generated thrust divided by the propellant mass or weight flow rate.", "Specific impulse __knowledge__ If mass (kilogram or slug) is used as the unit of propellant, then specific impulse has units of velocity.", "Specific impulse __knowledge__ If weight (newton or pound) is used instead, then specific impulse has units of time (seconds).", "Specific impulse __knowledge__ Multiplying flow rate by the standard gravity (\"g\") converts specific impulse from the mass basis to the weight basis.", "Delta-sigma modulation __knowledge__ Delta-sigma (ΔΣ; or sigma-delta, ΣΔ) modulation is a method for encoding analog signals into digital signals as found in an analog-to-digital converter (ADC).", "Delta-sigma modulation __knowledge__ It is also used to convert high bit-count, low-frequency digital signals into lower bit-count, higher-frequency digital signals as part of the process to convert digital signals into analog as part of a digital-to-analog converter (DAC).", "Delta-sigma modulation __knowledge__ In a conventional ADC, an analog signal is sampled with a sampling frequency and subsequently quantized in a multi-level quantizer into a digital signal.", "Delta-sigma modulation __knowledge__ This process introduces quantization error noise.", "Delta-sigma modulation __knowledge__ The first step in a delta-sigma modulation is delta modulation.", "Escapement __knowledge__ An escapement is a device in mechanical watches and clocks that transfers energy to the timekeeping element (the \"impulse action\") and allows the number of its oscillations to be counted (the \"locking action\").", "Escapement __knowledge__ The impulse action transfers energy to the clock's timekeeping element (usually a pendulum or balance wheel) to replace the energy lost to friction during its cycle and keep the timekeeper oscillating.", "Escapement __knowledge__ The escapement is driven by force from a coiled spring or a suspended weight, transmitted through the timepiece's gear train.", "Escapement __knowledge__ Each swing of the pendulum or balance wheel releases a tooth of the escapement's \"escape wheel\" gear, allowing the clock's gear train to advance or \"escape\" by a fixed amount.", "Impulse response __knowledge__ In signal processing, the impulse response, or impulse response function (IRF), of a dynamic system is its output when presented with a brief input signal, called an impulse.", "Impulse response __knowledge__ More generally, an impulse response is the reaction of any dynamic system in response to some external change.", "Impulse response __knowledge__ In both cases, the impulse response describes the reaction of the system as a function of time (or possibly as a function of some other independent variable that parameterizes the dynamic behavior of the system).", "Impulse response __knowledge__ In all these cases, the dynamic system and its impulse response may be actual physical objects, or may be mathematical systems of equations describing such objects.", "Spacecraft propulsion __knowledge__ Spacecraft propulsion is any method used to accelerate spacecraft and artificial satellites.", "Spacecraft propulsion __knowledge__ There are many different methods.", "Spacecraft propulsion __knowledge__ Each method has drawbacks and advantages, and spacecraft propulsion is an active area of research.", "Spacecraft propulsion __knowledge__ However, most spacecraft today are propelled by forcing a gas from the back/rear of the vehicle at very high speed through a supersonic de Laval nozzle.", "Spacecraft propulsion __knowledge__ This sort of engine is called a rocket engine.", "Spacecraft propulsion __knowledge__ All current spacecraft use chemical rockets (bipropellant or solid-fuel) for launch, though some (such as the Pegasus rocket and SpaceShipOne) have used air-breathing engines on their first stage.", "Cruise ship __knowledge__ A cruise ship or cruise liner is a passenger ship used for pleasure voyages, where the voyage itself and the ship's amenities are a part of the experience, as well as the different destinations along the way, i.e., ports of call.", "Cruise ship __knowledge__ Transportation is not the only purpose of cruising, particularly on cruises that return passengers to their originating port (also known as a \"closed-loop cruise\"), with the ports of call usually in a specified region of a continent.", "Cruise ship __knowledge__ There are even \"cruises to nowhere\" or \"nowhere voyages\" where the ship makes 2–3 night round trips without any ports of call.", "Cruise ship __knowledge__ By contrast, dedicated transport oriented ocean liners do \"line voyages\" and typically transport passengers from one point to another, rather than on round trips.", "Cruise ship pollution in the United States __knowledge__ The cruise ship industry is a significant and growing contributor to the United States economy, providing more than $32 billion in benefits annually and generating more than 330,000 U.S. jobs, but also making the environmental impacts of its activities an issue to many.", "Cruise ship pollution in the United States __knowledge__ Although cruise ships represent a small fraction of the entire shipping industry worldwide, public attention to their environmental impacts comes in part from the fact that cruise ships are highly visible and in part because of the industry’s desire to promote a positive image.", "Cruise ship pollution in the United States __knowledge__ Cruise ships carrying several thousand passengers and crew have been compared to “floating cities,” and the volume of wastes that they produce is comparably large, consisting of sewage; wastewater from sinks, showers, and galleys (graywater); hazardous wastes; solid waste; oily bilge water; ballast water; and air pollution.", "Royal Caribbean International __knowledge__ Royal Caribbean International is a cruise line brand founded in Norway and based in Miami, Florida, United States.", "Royal Caribbean International __knowledge__ It is owned by Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. , the line is operating 24 ships, has six additional ships on order, and controls 21.9 percent of the cruise market worldwide.", "Royal Caribbean International __knowledge__ All ships under the Royal Caribbean International brand have names ending with \"of the Seas\" (e.g. )", "Royal Caribbean International __knowledge__ a practice which began in 1991.", "Royal Caribbean International __knowledge__ Royal Caribbean International was founded as Royal Caribbean Cruise Line in 1968 by three Norwegian shipping companies: Anders Wilhelmsen & Company, I.M.", "Royal Caribbean International __knowledge__ Skaugen & Company, and Gotaas Larsen.", "Environmental impact of shipping __knowledge__ The environmental impact of shipping includes greenhouse gas emissions, acoustic, and oil pollution.", "Environmental impact of shipping __knowledge__ The International Maritime Organization (IMO) estimates that Carbon dioxide emissions from shipping were equal to 2.2% of the global human-made emissions in 2012 and expects them to rise 50 to 250 percent by 2050 if no action is taken.", "Environmental impact of shipping __knowledge__ The First Intersessional Meeting of the IMO Working Group on Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Ships took place in Oslo, Norway on 23–27 June 2008.", "Environmental impact of shipping __knowledge__ It was tasked with developing the technical basis for the reduction mechanisms that may form part of a future IMO regime to control greenhouse gas emissions from international shipping, and a draft of the actual reduction mechanisms themselves, for further consideration by IMO's Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC).", "Venice __knowledge__ Venice ( ; , ; , ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region.", "Venice __knowledge__ It is situated across a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by bridges, of which there are 400.", "Venice __knowledge__ The islands are located in the shallow Venetian Lagoon, an enclosed bay that lies between the mouths of the Po and the Piave Rivers.", "Venice __knowledge__ Parts of Venice are renowned for the beauty of their settings, their architecture, and artwork.", "Venice __knowledge__ The lagoon and a part of the city are listed as a World Heritage Site.", "Venice __knowledge__ In 2014, 264,579 people resided in \"Comune di Venezia\", of whom around 55,000 live in the historic city of Venice (\"Centro storico\").", "Tourism in metropolitan Detroit __knowledge__ Tourism in metropolitan Detroit, Michigan is a significant factor for the region's culture and for its economy, comprising nine percent of the area's two million jobs.", "Tourism in metropolitan Detroit __knowledge__ About 15.9 million people visit Metro Detroit annually, spending an estimated $4.8 billion.", "Tourism in metropolitan Detroit __knowledge__ Detroit is one of the largest American cities and metropolitan regions to offer casino resort hotels.", "Tourism in metropolitan Detroit __knowledge__ Leading multi-day events throughout Metro Detroit attract super-sized crowds of hundreds of thousands to over three million people.", "Tourism in metropolitan Detroit __knowledge__ More than fifteen million people cross the highly traveled nexus of the Ambassador Bridge and the Detroit-Windsor Tunnel annually.", "Passenger ship __knowledge__ A passenger ship is a merchant ship whose primary function is to carry passengers on the sea.", "Passenger ship __knowledge__ The category does not include cargo vessels which have accommodations for limited numbers of passengers, such as the ubiquitous twelve-passenger freighters once common on the seas in which the transport of passengers is secondary to the carriage of freight.", "Passenger ship __knowledge__ The type does however include many classes of ships designed to transport substantial numbers of passengers as well as freight.", "Passenger ship __knowledge__ Indeed, until recently virtually all ocean liners were able to transport mail, package freight and express, and other cargo in addition to passenger luggage, and were equipped with cargo holds and derricks, kingposts, or other cargo-handling gear for that purpose." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Casino __knowledge__ A casino is a facility which houses and accommodates certain types of gambling activities.", "Casino __knowledge__ The industry that deals in casinos is called the gaming industry.", "Casino __knowledge__ Casinos are most commonly built near or combined with hotels, restaurants, retail shopping, cruise ships or other tourist attractions.", "Casino __knowledge__ There is much debate over whether the social and economic consequences of casino gambling outweigh the initial revenue that may be generated.", "Casino __knowledge__ Some casinos are also known for hosting live entertainment events, such as stand-up comedy, concerts, and sporting events.", "Casino __knowledge__ The term \"casino\" is a confusing linguistic false friend for translators.", "Casino __knowledge__ \"Casino\" is of Italian origin; the root \"casa\" (house) originally meant a small country villa, summerhouse, or social club.", "Casino __knowledge__ During the 19th century, the term \"casino\" came to include other public buildings where pleasurable activities took place; such edifices were usually built on the grounds of a larger Italian villa or palazzo, and were used to host civic town functions, including dancing, gambling, music listening, and sports; examples in Italy include Villa Farnese and Villa Giulia, and in the US the Newport Casino in Newport, Rhode Island.", "Casino __knowledge__ In modern-day Italian—the source-language of the word—a \"casino\" is either a brothel (also called \"casa chiusa\", literally \"closed house\"), a mess, or a noisy environment, while a gaming house is spelt \"casinò\", with an accent.. Not all casinos were used for gaming.", "Viktor Pasulko __knowledge__ Viktor Vasyl'ovych Pasulko () (born 1 January 1961 in Ilnitsa, Ukrainian SSR) is a retired ex-USSR footballer and current football manager.", "Viktor Pasulko __knowledge__ He currently servs as head coach of FC Okzhetpes.", "Viktor Pasulko __knowledge__ Pasulko played most of his career as a midfielder in various teams in the former USSR.", "Viktor Pasulko __knowledge__ The last ten years of his career he spent in Germany playing for lower division teams.", "Viktor Pasulko __knowledge__ He was plucked from amateur football to succeed Alexandru Spiridon as Moldova national football team manager in January 2002.", "Viktor Pasulko __knowledge__ In July 2014 he was surprisingly named new head coach of Italian Serie D amateurs Orlandina.", "Viktor Pasulko __knowledge__ His experience in Sicily was however short-lived as he was sacked on 22 September 2014 after just collecting three draws in the first three league games.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps is a dice game in which the players make wagers on the outcome of the roll, or a series of rolls, of a pair of dice.", "Craps __knowledge__ Players may wager money against each other (playing \"street craps\", also known as \"shooting dice,\" \"rolling bones,\" or any combination thereof) or a bank (playing \"casino craps\", also known as \"table craps\", or often just \"craps\").", "Craps __knowledge__ Because it requires little equipment, \"street craps\" can be played in informal settings.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps developed from a simplification of the early English game of \"hazard\".", "Craps __knowledge__ Its origins are complex and may date to the Crusades, later being influenced by French gamblers.", "Slot machine __knowledge__ A slot machine (American English), informally fruit machine (British English), puggy (Scottish English slang), the slots (Canadian and American English), poker machine (or pokies in slang) (Australian English and New Zealand English) or simply slot (American English), is a casino gambling machine with three or more reels which spin when a button is pushed.", "Slot machine __knowledge__ Slot machines are also known as one-armed bandits because they were originally operated by one lever on the side of the machine as distinct from a button on the front panel and because of their ability to leave the player impoverished or in debt and because \"bandit\" can be a synonym for \"thief\" in modern usage.", "Online casino __knowledge__ Online casinos, also known as virtual casinos or Internet casinos, are online versions of traditional (\"brick and mortar\") casinos.", "Online casino __knowledge__ Online casinos enable gamblers to play and wager on casino games through the Internet.", "Online casino __knowledge__ It is a prolific form of online gambling.", "Online casino __knowledge__ Online casinos generally offer odds and payback percentages that are a bit higher than land-based casinos.", "Online casino __knowledge__ Some online casinos claim higher payback percentages for slot machine games, and some publish payout percentage audits on their websites.", "Online casino __knowledge__ Assuming that the online casino is using an appropriately programmed random number generator, table games like blackjack have an established house edge.", "Empress Casino Joliet Corp. v. Giannoulias __knowledge__ Empress Casino Joliet Corporation v. Giannoulias, 231 Ill.2d 62 (2008), is a case from Supreme Court of Illinois in which four casinos challenged a tax imposed by Public Act 94-804.", "Empress Casino Joliet Corp. v. Giannoulias __knowledge__ The Act was challenged on the grounds that it was an unconstitutional taking.", "Empress Casino Joliet Corp. v. Giannoulias __knowledge__ The Court held categorically that a tax could never be a taking within the meaning of the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution.", "Empress Casino Joliet Corp. v. Giannoulias __knowledge__ Argosy Empress Casino; Harrah's Casino Cruises Joliet; Hollywood Casino-Aurora; and Elgin Riverboat Resort-Riverboat Casino Alexi Giannoulias, Treasurer of the State of Illinois Riverboat casinos were authorized in Illinois in 1990 under the \"Riverboat Gambling Act\".", "Gambling in the Philippines __knowledge__ Gambling in the Philippines has been present since the sixteenth century, and is still prevalent in the country today.", "Gambling in the Philippines __knowledge__ Currently, it takes on various legal and illegal forms found almost all over the archipelago.", "Gambling in the Philippines __knowledge__ The government handles gambling through the Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation (PAGCOR) which aims to regulate and operate games of chance, and to generate government funds, but there are also several other public and private agencies that handles specific forms of gambling.", "Gambling in the Philippines __knowledge__ In particular, casino gambling under PAGCOR is essential to the country's tourism and revenue.", "Gambling in the Philippines __knowledge__ The Philippines has more casinos than Macau, with twenty found in Metro Manila alone.", "Card counting __knowledge__ Card counting is a casino card game strategy used primarily in the blackjack family of casino games to determine whether the next hand is likely to give a probable advantage to the player or to the dealer.", "Card counting __knowledge__ Card counters are a class of advantage players, who attempt to decrease the inherent casino house edge by keeping a running tally of all high and low valued cards seen by the player.", "Card counting __knowledge__ Card counting allows players to bet more with less risk when the count gives an advantage as well as minimize losses during an unfavorable count.", "Card counting __knowledge__ Card counting also provides the ability to alter playing decisions based on the composition of remaining cards.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ The music of Cuba, including its instruments, performance and dance, comprises a large set of unique traditions influenced mostly by west African and European (especially Spanish) music.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ Due to the syncretic nature of most of its genres, Cuban music is often considered one of the richest and most influential regional musics of the world.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ For instance, the son cubano merges an adapted Spanish guitar (tres), melody, harmony, and lyrical traditions with Afro-Cuban percussion and rhythms.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ Almost nothing remains of the original native traditions, since the native population was exterminated in the 16th century.", "Environmental racism in Europe __knowledge__ Environmental racism in Europe has been documented in relation to racialized immigrant and migrant populations alongside Romani (Roma/Gypsy), Yenish, Irish Traveller, and communities (such as the Sami, Komi, and Nenets) from within continental borders.", "Environmental racism in Europe __knowledge__ Environmental racism is the practice of environmental injustice within a racialized context, in which socially marginalized communities and minority groups are subjected to disproportionate exposure of environmental hazards, denial of access to sources of ecological sustenance such as clean air, water, and natural resources, or infringement of environmentally related human rights.", "Buena Vista Social Club __knowledge__ Buena Vista Social Club is an ensemble of Cuban musicians established in 1996 to revive the music of pre-revolutionary Cuba.", "Buena Vista Social Club __knowledge__ The project was organized by World Circuit executive Nick Gold, produced by American guitarist Ry Cooder and directed by Juan de Marcos González.", "Buena Vista Social Club __knowledge__ They named the group after the homonymous members' club in the Buenavista quarter of Havana, a popular music venue in the 1940s.", "Buena Vista Social Club __knowledge__ To showcase the popular styles of the time, such as son, bolero and danzón, they recruited a dozen veteran musicians, many of whom had been retired for years.", "Buena Vista Social Club __knowledge__ The group's eponymous album was recorded in March 1996 and released in September 1997, quickly becoming an international success, which prompted the ensemble to perform with a full line-up in Amsterdam and New York in 1998.", "List of The Sopranos characters in the Soprano crime family __knowledge__ The DiMeo crime family, later referred to as the Soprano crime family, is a fictional Mafia family from the HBO series \"The Sopranos.\"", "List of The Sopranos characters in the Soprano crime family __knowledge__ It is thought to be loosely based on the DeCavalcante crime family, a real New Jersey Mafia family.", "List of The Sopranos characters in the Soprano crime family __knowledge__ The DiMeo crime family consists of an administration and six crews.", "List of The Sopranos characters in the Soprano crime family __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters from \"The Sopranos\" that are associated with the DiMeo crime family.", "List of The Sopranos characters in the Soprano crime family __knowledge__ In the series, the DiMeo crime family is believed to have been formed in Northern New Jersey in the 1950s.", "List of The Sopranos characters in the Soprano crime family __knowledge__ Ercole DiMeo is believed to have been the first official boss, although according to the book, \"The Sopranos Family History\" by Allen Rucker and David Chase, there was an earlier boss named Alfano, but he is never mentioned in the series.", "Romansh language __knowledge__ Romansh (also spelled Romansch, Rumantsch, or Romanche; Romansh: , \"rumàntsch\", or ) is a Romance language spoken predominantly in the southeastern Swiss canton of Grisons (Graubünden), where it has official status alongside German and Italian.", "Romansh language __knowledge__ It is used as the medium of instruction in schools in Romansh-speaking areas.", "Romansh language __knowledge__ Romansh has also been recognized as a national language of Switzerland since 1938, and as an official language since 1996, along with German, French and Italian.", "Romansh language __knowledge__ It is sometimes grouped by linguists with Ladin and Friulian as a Rhaeto-Romance language, though this is disputed.", "Romansh language __knowledge__ Romansh is a descendant of the spoken Latin language of the Roman Empire, which by the 5th century AD replaced the Celtic and Raetic languages previously spoken in the area.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\"." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 7, 8 ]

[ "I've only walked through one while in the Bahamas. The casino consisted of various gambling facilities.", "Typically they are commonly built in popular areas such as hotels, restaurants, and cruise ships. I recently went on a cruise and the casino was packed!", "Most definitely. The word casino is of the Italian origin which means summer house or social club. So yeah, its meant to be popular to some.", "It goes as far back as the 19th century! The word came into action when social events in Italy took place." ]

[ "Casino", "Casino", "Casino", "Casino" ]

[ "New York City\nI live in a big city.", "Never heard of them, I am in New York City.", "No, I never feel like that.", "Yes, lots of chance to make money." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city's fast pace defines the term \"New York minute\".", "New York City __knowledge__ Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.", "New York City __knowledge__ Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State.", "New York City __knowledge__ The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States, and as many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.", "Big City Rodeo __knowledge__ \"Big City Rodeo\" (stylized as \"BIG CITY RODEO\") is a song by Japanese boy band Generations from Exile Tribe, taken from their first greatest hits compilation \"Best Generations\" (2018).", "Big City Rodeo __knowledge__ It was released by Rhythm Zone on two physical formats, and for digital consumption.", "Big City Rodeo __knowledge__ The track was written by Amon Hayashi, composed by musicians Jay'ed and T.Kura, and produced by Exile Hiro and T.Kura.", "Big City Rodeo __knowledge__ Recording of the song was held at Prime Sound Studios in Shibuya, Tokyo, and was mixed by D.O.I.", "Big City Rodeo __knowledge__ at Daimonion Recordings.", "Big City Rodeo __knowledge__ Musically, \"Big City Rodeo\" is a dance number that is heavily influenced by electro house music, and lyrically focuses on a high lifestyle and luxury.", "WWYY __knowledge__ WWYY is a United States class A radio station broadcasting on 107.1 FM.", "WWYY __knowledge__ The station is located in Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, but is licensed to Belvidere, New Jersey and serves the Poconos and the Lehigh Valley.", "WWYY __knowledge__ The station is currently owned by Connoisseur Media, through licensee Connoisseur Media Licenses, LLC.", "WWYY __knowledge__ The station now airs an alternative rock format and is known as \"Spin Radio\" Its tagline is: \"The Valley's Alternative.\"", "WWYY __knowledge__ On October 15, 1992, WWYY began operation as WRNJ-FM under the co-ownership of Norman Worth and Larry Tighe, who still retain the callsignal WRNJ (formerly on 1000 kHz, now on 1510 kHz).", "WYNY (defunct) __knowledge__ WYNY was the call sign of radio stations on three different FM frequencies in or around New York City.", "WYNY (defunct) __knowledge__ The stations on the first two frequencies, 97.1 and 103.5, were closely related while the last one, 107.1 on an FM Quadcast, was not.", "WYNY (defunct) __knowledge__ The WYNY call letters are popularly associated with country music radio stations in New York, although for the first ten years WYNY was an adult contemporary station.", "WYNY (defunct) __knowledge__ This frequency had been WNBC-FM for many years.", "WYNY (defunct) __knowledge__ For several years in the 1970s the station used the call letters, WNWS, and served as the flagship station of NBC Radio's all-news, News and Information Service.", "Outcasts (DC Comics) __knowledge__ Outcasts is a 1987 twelve-issue limited series published in 1987 by American company DC Comics.", "Outcasts (DC Comics) __knowledge__ It was written by John Wagner and Alan Grant, and drawn by Cam Kennedy and Steve Montano.", "Outcasts (DC Comics) __knowledge__ The series takes place in the dystopian future: a bleak world ruled by mega-corporations and corrupt politicians that prey on the weak and poor members of society.", "Outcasts (DC Comics) __knowledge__ In this world, all manners of outrageous habits exists: Slaughterbowl (a hyper violent sport comparable to football) and government controlled euthanasia centers are among them.", "Outcasts (DC Comics) __knowledge__ The series begins with the city in an uproar due to the new law passed by corrupt city ruler, Boss Angel.", "Jimmy Reed __knowledge__ Mathis James Reed (September 6, 1925 – August 29, 1976) was an American blues musician and songwriter.", "Jimmy Reed __knowledge__ A major player of electric blues, he had a significant impact on rock and roll artists such as Elvis Presley, Eric Clapton, Billy Gibbons, Hank Williams, Jr, Stevie Ray Vaughan, Jerry Garcia and the Rolling Stones.", "Jimmy Reed __knowledge__ Reed was born in Dunleith, Mississippi, in 1925.", "Jimmy Reed __knowledge__ He learned the harmonica and guitar from his friend Eddie Taylor.", "Jimmy Reed __knowledge__ After several years of busking and performing there, he moved to Chicago, Illinois, in 1943.", "Jimmy Reed __knowledge__ He was then drafted into the US Navy and served in World War II.", "Jimmy Reed __knowledge__ He was discharged in 1945 and returned briefly to Mississippi, marrying his girlfriend, Mary (henceforth known as Mama Reed).", "Big City Rock __knowledge__ Big City Rock was a pop rock band based in Los Angeles, California who were signed to Atlantic Records.", "Big City Rock __knowledge__ Their music type is self-described as \"energetic, anthemic pop\" with \"an uplifting sound\", with keyboards, guitar, and drums.", "Big City Rock __knowledge__ Due to shifts in the band's membership, the remaining members of the group created a new band called The Remainers.", "Big City Rock __knowledge__ Tim Resudek, Frank Staniszewski, Jeff Conrad and Nate Bott, who grew up together in Madison, Wisconsin started a ska-punk band in eighth grade named Stinkfish.", "Big City Rock __knowledge__ Bott, Conrad and Staniszewski later started another band, The Siren Six!, when they moved to Minneapolis, Minnesota.", "Big City (Merle Haggard album) __knowledge__ Big City is the 33rd studio album by Merle Haggard, released in 1981.", "Big City (Merle Haggard album) __knowledge__ It was his debut on the Epic label after ending his association with MCA.", "Big City (Merle Haggard album) __knowledge__ \"Big City\" peaked at number three on the Billboard Country Album charts and number 161 on the Pop Album charts.", "Big City (Merle Haggard album) __knowledge__ It was an RIAA-certified Gold album.", "Big City (Merle Haggard album) __knowledge__ After five years at MCA Records, Haggard jumped to Epic in 1982, and the move appeared to spark his creativity; he wrote or co-wrote eight of the LP's twelve tracks, including its two #1 singles, \"Big City\" and \"My Favorite Memory.\"", "Big City (Merle Haggard album) __knowledge__ Haggard entered the studio with his band the Strangers and his mentor Lewis Talley and, in a two-day marathon recording session, produced enough songs for this release, plus Haggard’s 1982 LP, \"Going Where the Lonely Go\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city's fast pace defines the term \"New York minute\".", "New York City __knowledge__ Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.", "New York City __knowledge__ Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State.", "New York City __knowledge__ The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States, and as many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ Francis Albert Sinatra (; December 12, 1915 – May 14, 1998) was an American singer, actor, and producer who was one of the most popular and influential musical artists of the 20th century.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ He is one of the best-selling music artists of all time, having sold more than 150million records worldwide.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ Born in Hoboken, New Jersey, to Italian immigrants, Sinatra began his musical career in the swing era with bandleaders Harry James and Tommy Dorsey.", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ Sinatra found success as a solo artist after he signed with Columbia Records in 1943, becoming the idol of the \"bobby soxers\".", "Frank Sinatra __knowledge__ He released his debut album, \"The Voice of Frank Sinatra\", in 1946.", "This Is It (Michael Jackson song) __knowledge__ \"This Is It\" is a song co-written by American pop star and musician Michael Jackson and Canadian singer-songwriter Paul Anka.", "This Is It (Michael Jackson song) __knowledge__ The song was recorded by the former and featured as a track on the album, \"This Is It\" (2009), which accompanies the 2009 concert documentary \"Michael Jackson's This Is It\".", "This Is It (Michael Jackson song) __knowledge__ It was premiered worldwide on Jackson's official website on October 12, 2009 four months after his death on June 25, 2009.", "This Is It (Michael Jackson song) __knowledge__ Although Sony Music Entertainment referred to the song as a \"new single\" during its promotion, it was later confirmed that the song would only be sent for airplay, and not be available to buy as a single release.", "Metropolis (comics) __knowledge__ Metropolis is a fictional city appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics, best known as the home of Superman.", "Metropolis (comics) __knowledge__ First appearing by name in \"Action Comics\" #16 (Sept. 1939), Metropolis is depicted as a prosperous and massive city in the Northeastern United States, within close proximity to Gotham City.", "Metropolis (comics) __knowledge__ The co-creator and original artist of Superman, Joe Shuster, modeled the Metropolis skyline after Toronto, where he was born and lived until he was ten.", "Metropolis (comics) __knowledge__ Since then, however, the look and feel of Metropolis has been greatly influenced by New York City.", "Metropolis (comics) __knowledge__ Within the DC Universe, Metropolis is depicted as being one of the largest and wealthiest cities in the world, having a population of 11 million citizens.", "Fate of the unlearned __knowledge__ The fate of the unlearned, also known as the destiny of the unevangelized, is an eschatological question about the ultimate destiny of people who have not been exposed to a particular theology or doctrine and thus have no opportunity to embrace it.", "Fate of the unlearned __knowledge__ The question is whether those who never hear of requirements issued through divine revelations will be punished for failure to abide by those requirements.", "Fate of the unlearned __knowledge__ It is sometimes addressed in combination with the similar question of the fate of the unbeliever.", "Fate of the unlearned __knowledge__ Differing faith traditions have different responses to the question; in Christianity the fate of the unlearned is related to the question of original sin.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and developed from roots in blues and ragtime.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Jazz is seen by many as 'America's classical music'.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Since the 1920s Jazz Age, jazz has become recognized as a major form of musical expression.", "Jazz __knowledge__ It then emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular musical styles, all linked by the common bonds of African-American and European-American musical parentage with a performance orientation.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms and improvisation.", "Charles Rangel __knowledge__ Charles Bernard Rangel (; born June 11, 1930) is an American politician who was a U.S. Representative for districts in New York from 1971 to 2017.", "Charles Rangel __knowledge__ A member of the Democratic Party, he was the second-longest serving incumbent member of the House of Representatives at the time of his retirement, serving continuously since 1971.", "Charles Rangel __knowledge__ As its most senior member, he was also the Dean of New York's congressional delegation.", "Charles Rangel __knowledge__ Rangel was the first African-American Chair of the influential House Ways and Means Committee.", "Charles Rangel __knowledge__ He is also a founding member of the Congressional Black Caucus.", "Charles Rangel __knowledge__ Rangel was born in Harlem in Upper Manhattan and lives there to this day.", "Big City Rock __knowledge__ Big City Rock was a pop rock band based in Los Angeles, California who were signed to Atlantic Records.", "Big City Rock __knowledge__ Their music type is self-described as \"energetic, anthemic pop\" with \"an uplifting sound\", with keyboards, guitar, and drums.", "Big City Rock __knowledge__ Due to shifts in the band's membership, the remaining members of the group created a new band called The Remainers.", "Big City Rock __knowledge__ Tim Resudek, Frank Staniszewski, Jeff Conrad and Nate Bott, who grew up together in Madison, Wisconsin started a ska-punk band in eighth grade named Stinkfish.", "Big City Rock __knowledge__ Bott, Conrad and Staniszewski later started another band, The Siren Six!, when they moved to Minneapolis, Minnesota.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ Serbian rock is the rock music scene of Serbia.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ During the 1960s, 1970s and the 1980s, while Serbia was a constituent republic of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Serbian rock scene was a part of the SFR Yugoslav rock scene.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was not an Eastern Bloc country, but a member of the Non-Aligned Movement and as such, it was far more opened to the Western culture comparing to the other socialist countries.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ Rock and roll reached Yugoslavia via foreign radio stations, most notably Radio Luxemburg, and rock and roll records, brought in from the West.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ Rock and roll influences reached schlager singers, most notably Đorđe Marjanović, who released the first popular music solo album in Serbia, in 1959.", "2000s in music __knowledge__ This article includes an overview of the major events and trends in popular music in the 2000s.", "2000s in music __knowledge__ The 2000s saw the creation or emergence of a few styles, such as indie-related genres such as Emo, Alternative R&B, and a multitude of new electronic subgenres, most notably Dubstep, Bass music and Moombahton, as well as genres that fused influences from past decades, mostly the 80s, into creating new styles such as Nu-disco and Hypnagogic pop.", "2000s in music __knowledge__ In fact convergence of different styles was one of the more defining features of the decade, as seen with the creation and commercial success of the British Grime genre and Trap music and Chillwave in the United States.", "Rock music in Australia __knowledge__ Australian rock, also called Oz rock, is rock music from Australia.", "Rock music in Australia __knowledge__ The nation has a rich history of rock music and an appreciation of the roots of various rock genres, usually originating in the United States or Britain, but also Ireland, continental Europe, and more recently the musical styles of Africa.", "Rock music in Australia __knowledge__ Australian rock has also contributed to the development of some of these genres, as well as having its own unique Australiana sound with pub rock and its indigenous music.", "Rock music in Australia __knowledge__ From 1955 to 1975 three distinct \"waves\" of Australian rock occurred.", "Rock music in Australia __knowledge__ The first wave was from 1955 to 1963 and was influenced by American and British styles with local variants provided by artists such as Johnny O'Keefe, who had a hit with \"Wild One\", which appeared in July 1958.", "The Siren Six! __knowledge__ The Siren Six!", "The Siren Six! __knowledge__ were an American ska band formed in Minneapolis, Minnesota, who were active from 1994 to 2000.", "The Siren Six! __knowledge__ The Siren Six!", "The Siren Six! __knowledge__ initially formed under the name Stinkfish in Minneapolis around 1994, consisting of vocalist/guitarist Nate Bott, keyboardist Frank Staniszewski, drummer Jeff Conrad, bassist Tim Resudek, trombonist Kevin Matheny and saxophonist John Reineck.", "The Siren Six! __knowledge__ After building up a loyal following on the Midwest ska circuit, Stinkfish released their sole LP \"...Does It Again\" in 1995 on the band's self-run label Mr. White Records.", "The Siren Six! __knowledge__ Shortly afterwards, Resudek left the band, and, following the addition of Jacy McIntosh, Stinkfish officially changed their name to The Siren Six!.", "Queen (band) __knowledge__ Queen are a British rock band that formed in London in 1970.", "Queen (band) __knowledge__ Their classic line-up was Freddie Mercury (lead vocals, piano), Brian May (lead guitar, vocals), Roger Taylor (drums, vocals), and John Deacon (bass guitar).", "Queen (band) __knowledge__ Queen's earliest works were influenced by progressive rock, hard rock and heavy metal, but the band gradually ventured into more conventional and radio-friendly works by incorporating further styles, such as arena rock and pop rock, into their music.", "Queen (band) __knowledge__ Before forming Queen, Brian May and Roger Taylor had played together in Smile.", "Queen (band) __knowledge__ Mercury, then known by his birth name, Farrokh \"Freddie\" Bulsara, was a fan of Smile and encouraged them to experiment with more elaborate stage and recording techniques.", "Rock music of Canada __knowledge__ Rock music of Canada is a wide and diverse part of the general music of Canada, beginning with American and British style rock and roll in the mid-20th century.", "Rock music of Canada __knowledge__ Since then Canada has had a considerable impact on the development of the modern popular music called rock.", "Rock music of Canada __knowledge__ Canada has produced many of the genre's most significant groups and performers, while contributing substantively to the development of the most popular subgenres, which include pop rock, progressive rock, country rock, folk rock, hard rock, punk rock, heavy metal and indie rock.", "Rock music of Canada __knowledge__ Since before Canada's emergence as a nation in 1867, the country has produced its own composers, musicians and ensembles." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city's fast pace defines the term \"New York minute\".", "New York City __knowledge__ Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.", "New York City __knowledge__ Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State.", "New York City __knowledge__ The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States, and as many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.", "Hotel Books __knowledge__ Hotel Books, is an American emo/spoken-word project from Porterville, CA revolving around the poetry of Cam Smith (born February 16, 1993).", "Hotel Books __knowledge__ Hotel Books is commonly viewed as Faith-based, which Cam Smith has confirmed through numerous interviews.", "Hotel Books __knowledge__ The project is often presented on tour as a full band, but has also been shown as a solo project of Cam Smith.", "Hotel Books __knowledge__ They are known for Smith's unique vocal style, which is often the central focus of their work.", "Hotel Books __knowledge__ The band's InVogue Records debut, \"I'm Almost Happy Here, But I Never Feel at Home\" was released July 1, 2014 via InVogue Records.", "Hotel Books __knowledge__ The album received mostly positive reviews, as well as earning the band their first Billboard chartings, No.", "You Make It Feel Like Christmas __knowledge__ You Make It Feel Like Christmas is the fourth studio album by American singer-songwriter Gwen Stefani.", "You Make It Feel Like Christmas __knowledge__ The album, which is Stefani's first full-length Christmas-themed album, was released on October 6, 2017, by Interscope Records.", "You Make It Feel Like Christmas __knowledge__ \"You Make It Feel Like Christmas\" consists of twelve tracks, featuring six co-penned original songs and six cover versions of Christmas standards.", "You Make It Feel Like Christmas __knowledge__ The album was produced by Eric Valentine and executively produced by Stefani and busbee.", "You Make It Feel Like Christmas __knowledge__ Information regarding supposed song titles were leaked in August 2017, leading the public to believe she was recording a holiday album.", "Man! I Feel Like a Woman! __knowledge__ \"Man!", "Man! I Feel Like a Woman! __knowledge__ I Feel Like a Woman!\"", "Man! I Feel Like a Woman! __knowledge__ is a song recorded by Canadian singer-songwriter Shania Twain taken from her third studio album, \"Come On Over\" (1997).", "Man! I Feel Like a Woman! __knowledge__ Written by Twain with her longtime collaborator and then-husband Robert John \"Mutt\" Lange, who also produced the track, the song was released first to North American country radio stations in March 1999 as the seventh single from the album, and later it was released worldwide in September 1999.", "Man! I Feel Like a Woman! __knowledge__ \"Man!", "Man! I Feel Like a Woman! __knowledge__ I Feel Like a Woman!\"", "Man! I Feel Like a Woman! __knowledge__ is a country pop song with lyrics about female empowerment.", "Man! I Feel Like a Woman! __knowledge__ The song received generally favorable reviews from music critics, who praised the song's attitude and hook as well as Twain's vocals.", "Dirty Work (All Time Low album) __knowledge__ Dirty Work is the fourth studio album by American rock band All Time Low.", "Dirty Work (All Time Low album) __knowledge__ Following the success of \"Nothing Personal\" in mid-2009, the band signed to major label Interscope Records in November of that year.", "Dirty Work (All Time Low album) __knowledge__ During the next month, the band began writing for their \"Dirty Work\" and ended up demoing 20 songs.", "Dirty Work (All Time Low album) __knowledge__ After spending sometime writing material in Los Angeles, the band started recording their fourth album with Mike Green in March 2010.", "Dirty Work (All Time Low album) __knowledge__ Over the following months the band recorded songs with John Fields, Butch Walker, Matt Squire, David Kahne and U4L.", "Dirty Work (All Time Low album) __knowledge__ In between sessions, the band embarked on the Bamboozle Roadshow tour.", "Feels Like Home (Sheryl Crow album) __knowledge__ Feels Like Home is the ninth studio album by American singer-songwriter Sheryl Crow, released on September 10, 2013.", "Feels Like Home (Sheryl Crow album) __knowledge__ The album is Crow’s debut country music record and also is her first release through Warner Bros. Records.", "Feels Like Home (Sheryl Crow album) __knowledge__ The album was recorded in Nashville, Tennessee and was produced by Crow and Justin Niebank.", "Feels Like Home (Sheryl Crow album) __knowledge__ The album was ranked by \"Billboard\" as one of the ten best country albums of 2013.", "Feels Like Home (Sheryl Crow album) __knowledge__ In an interview for \"Billboard\" magazine in 2008, Crow revealed she was becoming part of the Nashville community (after moving there from Los Angeles in 2006 following a breast cancer diagnosis) and explained that she, among other artists that were “just singer/songwriters” were gradually gravitating to the country music format due to the fact that there was “no room” between dance-oriented pop, rap and country music.", "Captain Beefheart __knowledge__ Don Van Vliet (, born Don Glen Vliet; January 15, 1941 – December 17, 2010) was an American singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and visual artist best known by the stage name Captain Beefheart.", "Captain Beefheart __knowledge__ His idiosyncratic music blended elements of blues, free jazz, rock, the avant-garde, and contemporary experimental composition with his surrealist wordplay and wide vocal range.", "Captain Beefheart __knowledge__ Beefheart was also known for often constructing myths about his life and for exercising an almost dictatorial control over his supporting musicians.", "Captain Beefheart __knowledge__ His musical work was conducted with a rotating ensemble called the Magic Band (1964–1982), with whom he recorded 13 studio albums.", "My Gift Is You __knowledge__ \"My Gift Is You\" is a song recorded by American singer and songwriter Gwen Stefani for her fourth studio album, \"You Make It Feel Like Christmas\" (2017).", "My Gift Is You __knowledge__ It was released digitally on October 6, 2017, along with the rest of the parent album, through Interscope Records.", "My Gift Is You __knowledge__ The track was written by Stefani, Justin Tranter, and Michael Busbee while production was handled by busbee and Eric Valentine.", "My Gift Is You __knowledge__ Musically, the track is a Christmas song that contains elements of pop-soul music.", "My Gift Is You __knowledge__ The lyrics revolve around Stefani's relationship with boyfriend Blake Shelton and deal with choosing love over materialism.", "Intensity mapping __knowledge__ In cosmology, intensity mapping is an observational technique for surveying the large-scale structure of the universe by using the integrated radio emission from unresolved gas clouds.", "Intensity mapping __knowledge__ In its most common variant, 21 cm intensity mapping, the 21cm emission line of neutral hydrogen is used to trace the gas.", "Intensity mapping __knowledge__ The hydrogen follows fluctuations in the underlying cosmic density field, with regions of higher density giving rise to a higher intensity of emission.", "Intensity mapping __knowledge__ Intensity fluctuations can therefore be used to reconstruct the power spectrum of matter fluctuations.", "Intensity mapping __knowledge__ The frequency of the emission line is redshifted by the expansion of the Universe, so by using radio receivers that cover a wide frequency band, one can detect this signal as a function of redshift, and thus cosmic time.", "Union City, New Jersey __knowledge__ Union City is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States.", "Union City, New Jersey __knowledge__ According to the 2010 United States Census the city had a total population of 66,455, reflecting a decline of 633 (−0.9%) from the 67,088 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn increased by 9,076 (+15.6%) from the 58,012 counted in the 1990 Census.", "Union City, New Jersey __knowledge__ As of the 2010 Census it was the most densely populated city in the United States, with a density of 51,810.1 per square mile.", "Union City, New Jersey __knowledge__ Union City was incorporated as a city by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on June 1, 1925, with the merger of Union Hill and West Hoboken Township.", "Union City, New Jersey __knowledge__ The city's name marks the combination of the two municipalities.", "Manila __knowledge__ Manila (; , or , ), officially the City of Manila ( , ), is the capital of the Philippines and the most densely populated city proper in the world.", "Manila __knowledge__ It was the first chartered City by virtue of the Philippine Commission Act 183 on July 31, 1901 and gained autonomy with the passage of Republic Act No.", "Manila __knowledge__ 409 or the \"Revised Charter of the City of Manila\" on June 18, 1949.", "Manila __knowledge__ It is home to many of the Philippines' firsts, including the first university (1590), water system (1878), hotel (1889), electricity (1895), oceanarium (1913), stock exchange (1927), flyover (1930s), zoo (1959), pedestrian underpass (1960), science high school (1963), city-run university (1965), city-run hospital (1969), and light rail transit system (1984; also considered as the first LRT system in Southeast Asia).", "Gaza War (2008–09) __knowledge__ The Gaza War, also known as Operation Cast Lead (), also known as the Gaza Massacre () and the Battle of al-Furqan () by Hamas, was a three-week armed conflict between Palestinians in the Gaza Strip and Israel that began on 27 December 2008 and ended on 18 January 2009 in a unilateral ceasefire.", "Gaza War (2008–09) __knowledge__ Israel's stated goal was to stop indiscriminate Palestinian rocket fire into Israel and weapons smuggling into the Gaza strip.", "Gaza War (2008–09) __knowledge__ Israeli forces attacked police stations, military targets including weapons caches and suspected rocket firing teams, as well as political and administrative institutions in the opening assault, striking in the densely populated cities of Gaza, Khan Yunis and Rafah.", "Vancouver __knowledge__ Vancouver (, ) is a coastal seaport city in Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia.", "Vancouver __knowledge__ As the most populous city in the province, the 2016 census recorded 631,486 people in the city, up from 603,502 in 2011.", "Vancouver __knowledge__ The Greater Vancouver area had a population of 2,463,431 in 2016, making it the third-largest metropolitan area in Canada.", "Vancouver __knowledge__ Vancouver has the highest population density in Canada with over 5,400 people per square kilometre, which makes it the fourth-most densely populated city with over 250,000 residents in North America behind New York City, San Francisco, and Mexico City according to the 2011 census.", "Hudson County, New Jersey __knowledge__ Hudson County, a county in the U.S. state of New Jersey, lies west of the lower Hudson River, which was named for Henry Hudson, the sea captain who explored the area in 1609.", "Hudson County, New Jersey __knowledge__ Part of New Jersey's Gateway Region in the New York metropolitan area, Jersey City is its largest city and county seat.", "Hudson County, New Jersey __knowledge__ As of the 2016 Census estimate, Hudson County was the fastest-growing county in New Jersey compared to 2010; the county's population was 677,983, making it the state's 4th-most populous county, an increase of 6.9% from the 2010 United States Census, when its population was enumerated at 634,266, in turn an increase of 25,291 (+4.2%) from the 608,975 enumerated in the 2000 Census." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city's fast pace defines the term \"New York minute\".", "New York City __knowledge__ Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.", "New York City __knowledge__ Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State.", "New York City __knowledge__ The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898.", "New York City __knowledge__ The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States, and as many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ A referendum on Scottish independence from the United Kingdom took place on 18 September 2014.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The referendum question, which voters answered with \"Yes\" or \"No\", was \"Should Scotland be an independent country?\"", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The \"No\" side won, with 2,001,926 (55.3%) voting against independence and 1,617,989 (44.7%) voting in favour.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The turnout of 84.6% was the highest recorded for an election or referendum in the United Kingdom since the introduction of universal suffrage.", "Scottish independence referendum, 2014 __knowledge__ The Scottish Independence Referendum Act 2013, setting out the arrangements for the referendum, was passed by the Scottish Parliament in November 2013, following an agreement between the Scottish Government and the United Kingdom government.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Homelessness in the United States by state __knowledge__ Homelessness in the United States is a social crisis.", "Homelessness in the United States by state __knowledge__ The different states within the United States have varying homeless populations.", "Homelessness in the United States by state __knowledge__ Although throughout the United States panhandling is discouraged, passive panhandling falls under First Amendment rights to free speech.", "Homelessness in the United States by state __knowledge__ In Alabama the prohibition of aggressive panhandling and regulation of passive panhandling is controlled by individual cities, with many panhandlers being charged with loitering offences.", "Homelessness in the United States by state __knowledge__ Loitering for the purposes of begging and prostitution in Alabama is a criminal offense.", "Homelessness in the United States by state __knowledge__ An issue for Alabamans is the proportion of panhandlers defined as vagrants, who contrary to their implications, are not homeless but accept the generosity of the community under this false pretence.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ Richard Christopher \"Rick\" Wakeman (born 18 May 1949) is an English keyboardist, songwriter, television and radio presenter, and author.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ He is best known for being in the progressive rock band Yes across five tenures between 1971 and 2004 and for his solo albums released in the 1970s.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ He is a current member of Yes Featuring Jon Anderson, Trevor Rabin and Rick Wakeman.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ Born and raised in West London, Wakeman intended to be a concert pianist but quit his studies at the Royal College of Music in 1969 to become a full-time session musician.", "Rick Wakeman __knowledge__ His early sessions included playing on \"Space Oddity\", among others, for David Bowie and songs by Junior's Eyes, T. Rex, Elton John, and Cat Stevens.", "Arbitrage __knowledge__ In economics and finance, arbitrage (, , ) is the practice of taking advantage of a price difference between two or more markets: striking a combination of matching deals that capitalize upon the imbalance, the profit being the difference between the market prices.", "Arbitrage __knowledge__ When used by academics, an arbitrage is a (imagined, hypothetical, thought experiment) transaction that involves no negative cash flow at any probabilistic or temporal state and a positive cash flow in at least one state; in simple terms, it is the possibility of a risk-free profit after transaction costs.", "Arbitrage __knowledge__ For example, an arbitrage is present when there is the opportunity to instantaneously buy something for a low price and sell it for a higher price.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien (born January 11, 1934), known commonly as Jean Chrétien (), is a Canadian politician who served as the 20th Prime Minister of Canada from November 4, 1993, to December 12, 2003.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ Born and raised in Shawinigan, Quebec, Chrétien is a law graduate from Université Laval.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He was first elected to the Canadian House of Commons in 1963.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He served in various cabinet posts under prime minister Pierre Trudeau, most prominently as Minister of Justice, Minister of Finance, and Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He also served as deputy prime minister in John Turner's short-lived government.", "Media Capital __knowledge__ Media Capital SGPS, SA, is a Portuguese media corporation founded in 1988 (originally named SOCI - Sociedade de Comunicação Independente, founded by Luís Nobre Guedes), based in Oeiras, Lisbon.", "Media Capital __knowledge__ Media Capital is a major media group in Portugal, and is one of the biggest media corporations in Europe.", "Media Capital __knowledge__ Media Capital distributes 20th Century Fox and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer home video releases in the Portuguese market under the Castello Lopes label.", "Media Capital __knowledge__ Since July 2017, Altice (company) is the principal owner of Media Capital.", "Media Capital __knowledge__ Media Capital operates in several areas of media and advertising.", "Media Capital __knowledge__ Here is a list of the companies owned by Media Capital.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ The New York metropolitan area, also referred to as the Tri-State Area, includes New York City as the most populous city in the United States, Long Island, and the Mid and Lower Hudson Valley in the state of New York; the five largest cities in New Jersey: Newark, Jersey City, Paterson, Elizabeth, and Edison, and their vicinities; six of the seven largest cities in Connecticut: Bridgeport, New Haven, Stamford, Waterbury, Norwalk, and Danbury, and their vicinities; and five counties in northeastern Pennsylvania.", "New York metropolitan area __knowledge__ As per the 2015 United States Census Bureau estimates, the New York metropolitan area remains, by a significant margin, the most populous in the United States, as defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area (20.2 million residents) and the Combined Statistical Area (23.7 million residents); it is also one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world, and the single largest in North America.", "Televisão Independente __knowledge__ Televisão Independente (TVI) (\"Independent Television\") is Portugal's fourth terrestrial television channel, launched in 1993.", "Televisão Independente __knowledge__ It has been leading audience ratings since 2005.", "Televisão Independente __knowledge__ It competes directly with SIC and RTP1.", "Televisão Independente __knowledge__ TVI was the second private Portuguese TV channel to be launched, SIC having been launched five months before, and the fourth channel in all.", "Televisão Independente __knowledge__ Already under the name TVI, but marketed as 4, in which the '4' was the sole element in its logo, TVI was initially owned by some prominent Catholic Church institutions, including Rádio Renascença, RFM, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Editorial Verbo and União das Misericórdias; Antena 3 Televisión (which consisted of La Vanguardia, ABC-Prensa Española, Manuel Martín Ferrand (4,3%), Rafael and Manuel Jiménez de Parga, Europa Press and Grupo Zeta), Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Radiodiffusion, (CLR, under Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Télédiffusion, now RTL Group), Sonae, SBS Broadcasting Group, ITV contractor Yorkshire Television and many other media enterprises were minor stakeholders of TVI.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ New York is a state in the northeastern United States.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ New York was one of the original thirteen colonies that formed the United States.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ With an estimated 19.85 million residents in 2017, it is the fourth most populous state in the United States.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ To differentiate from its city with the same name, it is sometimes called New York State.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ The state's largest city, New York City, makes up over 40% of the state's population.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ Two-thirds of the state's population lives in the New York metropolitan area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island.", "New York (state) __knowledge__ The state and city were both named for the 17th-century Duke of York, future King James II of England.", "Association of Southeast Asian Nations __knowledge__ The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN , ) is a regional intergovernmental organisation comprising ten Southeast Asian countries which promotes Pan-Asianism and intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, security, military, educational and socio-cultural integration amongst its members and other Asian countries.", "Association of Southeast Asian Nations __knowledge__ Since its formation on 8 August 1967 by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand, the organisation's membership has expanded to include Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam.", "Association of Southeast Asian Nations __knowledge__ Its principal aims include accelerating economic growth, social progress, and sociocultural evolution among its members, alongside the protection of regional stability and the provision of a mechanism for member countries to resolve differences peacefully.", "Value-form __knowledge__ The value-form or form of value () is a concept in Karl Marx's critique of political economy, Marxism and post-Marxism.", "Value-form __knowledge__ It refers to the \"social form\" of a commodity (any product traded in markets) as a symbol of value, which contrasts with its physical features, as a product which can satisfy some human need.", "Value-form __knowledge__ The physical appearance of a commodity is directly observable, but the meaning of its social form is not.", "Value-form __knowledge__ Narrating the paradoxical oddities and metaphysical niceties of ordinary things when they become instruments of trade, Marx seeks to provide a brief morphology of the category of economic value as such - what its substance really is, the forms which this substance takes, and how its magnitude is determined or expressed." ] ]

[ 38, 2, 4, 62 ]

[ "That must be exciting. There was a pop rock band called Big City Rock.", "Do you ever feel closed in with all those people? It is the most densely populated city in the United States.", "I think I would, but the trade off is living in a cultural, financial, and media capital.", "New York is as American as cherry pie so it is funny that it was named for the Duke of York who became the king of England." ]

[ "New York City", "New York City", "New York City", "New York City" ]

[ "Association football\ni love to play real football AKA soccer!", "thats true, who is the top football player in the world?", "Yea I think he along with Messi are the best right now. Where is the best soccer played right now ?", "how big are the fields ?", "i can see why they would be different. didnt think about that" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Association football __knowledge__ Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball.", "Association football __knowledge__ It is played by 250 million players in over 200 countries and dependencies, making it the world's most popular sport.", "Association football __knowledge__ The game is played on a rectangular field with a goal at each end.", "Association football __knowledge__ The object of the game is to score by getting the ball into the opposing goal.", "Association football __knowledge__ Players are not allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play, unless they are goalkeepers (and then only when within their penalty area).", "Association football __knowledge__ Other players mainly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may also use any part of their body except the hands and the arms.", "Association football __knowledge__ The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins.", "Association football __knowledge__ If the score is level at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition.", "Association football __knowledge__ The Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863.", "Association football __knowledge__ Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; ), which organises World Cups for both men and women every four years.", "Real Football __knowledge__ Real Football, also known as Real Soccer, is a mobile phone sports video game series with gameplay emulating association football.", "Real Football __knowledge__ The series is developed and published by Gameloft.", "Real Football __knowledge__ The \"Real Football\" series started in the mid 2000s with \"Real Football 2004\", which was free on some mobile phones.", "Real Football __knowledge__ As of 2016, a new installment of the series has been published every year.", "Real Football __knowledge__ The games feature both national teams and local clubs, and allow the player to play in various \"real-life\" cups.", "Real Football __knowledge__ \"Real Football 2008\" was the first in the series to be published on more than just mobile phones, as a Nintendo DS version was also produced.", "Jack Kemp __knowledge__ Jack French Kemp (July 13, 1935 – May 2, 2009) was an American politician and a professional gridiron football player.", "Jack Kemp __knowledge__ A Republican from New York, he served as Housing Secretary in the administration of President George H. W. Bush from 1989 to 1993, having previously served nine terms in the United States House of Representatives from 1971 to 1989.", "Jack Kemp __knowledge__ He was the Republican Party's nominee for Vice President in the 1996 election, where he was the running mate of presidential nominee Bob Dole.", "Jack Kemp __knowledge__ Kemp had previously contended for the presidential nomination in the 1988 Republican primaries.", "Jack Kemp __knowledge__ Before entering politics, Kemp was a professional quarterback for 13 years.", "The Real Football Factories International __knowledge__ The Real Football Factories International is a documentary style program about football hooliganism across the world.", "The Real Football Factories International __knowledge__ \"The Real Football Factories\" was the first series, where presenter and actor Danny Dyer travelled the UK, meeting some of the more notorious football firms.", "The Real Football Factories International __knowledge__ In this spin-off series, Dyer goes international, meeting firms from across the globe.", "The Real Football Factories International __knowledge__ Dyer played the main character of Tommy Johnson, a main member of a fictional Chelsea firm in the 2004 film \"The Football Factory.", "The Real Football Factories International __knowledge__ In 'The Real Football Factories International', Dyer visits Turkey, Argentina, Italy, Croatia and Serbia, The Netherlands, Brazil, Poland and Russia.", "James George Scott __knowledge__ Sir (James) George Scott, KCIE (pseudonym Shway Yoe, 25 December 1851 – 4 April 1935) was a Scottish journalist and colonial administrator who helped establish British colonial rule in Burma, and in addition introduced football aka soccer to Burma.", "James George Scott __knowledge__ He was born in Dairsie, the second son of a Presbyterian minister.", "James George Scott __knowledge__ His elder brother was Robert Forsyth Scott, who was to become Master of St John's College, Cambridge.", "James George Scott __knowledge__ Both brothers were educated in Stuttgart, then the capital of Württemberg.", "James George Scott __knowledge__ He worked first as a journalist.", "James George Scott __knowledge__ For the London \"Evening Standard\" he covered the reprisals for the murder of J. W. W. Birch, in Perak, in 1875.", "Danny Dyer __knowledge__ Daniel John Dyer (born 24 July 1977) is an English actor who has worked in television, film and theatre.", "Danny Dyer __knowledge__ Dyer's breakthrough role was as Moff in \"Human Traffic\", with other notable roles as Billy the Limpet in \"Mean Machine\", and as Tommy Johnson in \"The Football Factory\".", "Danny Dyer __knowledge__ Following the success of \"The Football Factory\", Dyer was often typecast in \"hard-man\" roles, although it was this image that allowed him to present \"The Real Football Factories\", its spin-off, \"The Real Football Factories International\" and \"Danny Dyer's Deadliest Men\".", "Danny Dyer __knowledge__ Dyer has also worked in theatre, having appeared in three plays written by Harold Pinter, with whom he had a close friendship.", "Johan Cruyff __knowledge__ Hendrik Johannes \"Johan\" Cruijff (, anglicised to Cruyff; 25 April 1947 – 24 March 2016) was a Dutch professional football player and coach.", "Johan Cruyff __knowledge__ As a player, he won the Ballon d'Or three times, in 1971, 1973, and 1974.", "Johan Cruyff __knowledge__ Cruyff was the most famous exponent of the football philosophy known as Total Football explored by Rinus Michels, and is widely regarded as one of the greatest players in football history.", "Johan Cruyff __knowledge__ In the 1970s, Dutch football rose from near obscurity to become a powerhouse in the sport.", "Johan Cruyff __knowledge__ Cruyff led the Netherlands to the final of the 1974 FIFA World Cup and received the Golden Ball as player of the tournament.", "Broomfield Soccer Club __knowledge__ Broomfield Junior Soccer Club (BJSC), commonly known as Broomfield Soccer Club (BSC), is a youth association football (aka soccer) club based in Broomfield, Colorado, USA.", "Broomfield Soccer Club __knowledge__ BSC is an independent, volunteer run, 501(c)(3) non-profit corporation which provides recreational and competitive soccer programs for the boys and girls of Broomfield as well as those of surrounding communities.", "Broomfield Soccer Club __knowledge__ The Club provides for the administration of the programs as well as the recruitment of coaches, referees, and players.", "Broomfield Soccer Club __knowledge__ Most of BSC’s activities are managed by paid staff with strategic oversight provided by a Board of Directors elected from the Club’s membership." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Association football __knowledge__ Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball.", "Association football __knowledge__ It is played by 250 million players in over 200 countries and dependencies, making it the world's most popular sport.", "Association football __knowledge__ The game is played on a rectangular field with a goal at each end.", "Association football __knowledge__ The object of the game is to score by getting the ball into the opposing goal.", "Association football __knowledge__ Players are not allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play, unless they are goalkeepers (and then only when within their penalty area).", "Association football __knowledge__ Other players mainly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may also use any part of their body except the hands and the arms.", "Association football __knowledge__ The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins.", "Association football __knowledge__ If the score is level at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition.", "Association football __knowledge__ The Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863.", "Association football __knowledge__ Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; ), which organises World Cups for both men and women every four years.", "K3 (band) __knowledge__ K3 is a Belgian-Dutch girl group with a Dutch repertoire, whose current line-up is composed of Hanne Verbruggen, Marthe De Pillecyn and Klaasje Meijer, mainly aimed at pre-adolescent children.", "K3 (band) __knowledge__ The name of the group is derived from first letters of the three original members' first names: Karen Damen, Kristel Verbeke and Kathleen Aerts.", "K3 (band) __knowledge__ Kathleen Aerts left the group in 2009.", "K3 (band) __knowledge__ Josje Huisman was chosen as K3's new member on October 3, 2009.", "K3 (band) __knowledge__ Their music is produced by production company Studio 100 and is written by Miguel Wiels, Alain Vande Putte and Peter Gillis.", "K3 (band) __knowledge__ K3 was founded by Niels William.", "K3 (band) __knowledge__ The band became famous without any airplay from the regular music television channels like MTV, instead marketing directly to children via children- and cartoon-channels.", "Johan Cruyff __knowledge__ Hendrik Johannes \"Johan\" Cruijff (, anglicised to Cruyff; 25 April 1947 – 24 March 2016) was a Dutch professional football player and coach.", "Johan Cruyff __knowledge__ As a player, he won the Ballon d'Or three times, in 1971, 1973, and 1974.", "Johan Cruyff __knowledge__ Cruyff was the most famous exponent of the football philosophy known as Total Football explored by Rinus Michels, and is widely regarded as one of the greatest players in football history.", "Johan Cruyff __knowledge__ In the 1970s, Dutch football rose from near obscurity to become a powerhouse in the sport.", "Johan Cruyff __knowledge__ Cruyff led the Netherlands to the final of the 1974 FIFA World Cup and received the Golden Ball as player of the tournament.", "Samsung YP-R1 __knowledge__ The Samsung YP-R1 (also known as Samsung R1 worldwide or Yepp R1 in Korea or Samsung R'MIX in France because of its DJ feature) is a portable media player made by Samsung, first leaked on the webshop play.com on June 14, 2009 and then released end of September 2009.", "Samsung YP-R1 __knowledge__ It was developed along with the YP-R0 with which it shares several specifications (similar aluminum design, same Linux kernel and SoC).", "Samsung YP-R1 __knowledge__ The R1 is available in four different Flash memory capacities: 4 GB, 8 GB, 16 GB and 32 GB.", "Samsung YP-R1 __knowledge__ It comes in three different colors: black, silver and pink.", "Samsung YP-R1 __knowledge__ It features an aluminum case, a 2.6 inch TFT LCD capacitive touchscreen with a resolution of 240 by 400 pixels, a RDS FM tuner, bluetooth (v2.0 + EDR) and a proprietary USB connector.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Ayesha Lee is a fictional character in the BBC soap opera \"Doctors\", played by Laura Rollins.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Ayesha was introduced as a Practice Nurse at The Mill by Peter Eryl Lloyd.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ She made her first appearance on Tuesday 30 September 2014.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Since her arrival in the show Ayesha has faced storylines including an on off relationship with Sid Vere, having a troubled relationship with Tyler Green, dealing with her mother Bren's alcohol and later drug addiction, being attacked by Ike and supporting Valerie Pittman through her Cancer scare.", "Ayesha Lee __knowledge__ Ayesha first arrives at \"The Mill\" as a replacement for Mandy Marquez, she is almost immediately attracted to new doctor Sid Vere.", "Cristiano Ronaldo __knowledge__ Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro (; born 5 February 1985) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a forward for Spanish club Real Madrid and the Portugal national team.", "Cristiano Ronaldo __knowledge__ Often considered the best player in the world and widely regarded as one of the greatest of all time, Ronaldo has five Ballon d'Or awards, the most for a European player and is tied for most all-time.", "Cristiano Ronaldo __knowledge__ He is the first player in history to win four European Golden Shoes.", "Cristiano Ronaldo __knowledge__ He has won 25 trophies in his career, including five league titles, four UEFA Champions League titles and one UEFA European Championship.", "Cristiano Ronaldo __knowledge__ A prolific goalscorer, Ronaldo holds the records for most official goals scored in the top five European leagues (377), the UEFA Champions League (114), the UEFA European Championship (29) and the FIFA Club World Cup (7), as well as most goals scored in a UEFA Champions League season (17).", "Mohamed Aboutrika __knowledge__ Mohamed Mohamed Mohamed Aboutrika (; born 7 November 1978) (Known as El Magico) is a retired Egyptian footballer.", "Mohamed Aboutrika __knowledge__ Aboutrika played as a second striker and as an attacking midfielder for Tersana and El Ahly in Egypt, as well as Baniyas in UAE.", "Mohamed Aboutrika __knowledge__ He is widely regarded as one of the greatest African footballers of all time.", "Mohamed Aboutrika __knowledge__ Mohamed Aboutrika came second in the African Footballer of the Year award in 2008 after Emmanuel Adebayor, and was one of five nominees for the 2006 award, and one of the ten nominated for the 2013 award.", "Mohamed Aboutrika __knowledge__ Aboutrika was chosen Africa Best Player of the Year 4 times in 2006, 2008, 2012, and 2013.", "Dan Sileo __knowledge__ Donato \"Dan\" Sileo (born January 3, 1963) is a sports radio personality and former professional football player, and is of Italian decent, and the current radio host of \"The Dan Sileo Show\" in San Diego, California.", "Dan Sileo __knowledge__ Before his current career, Sileo had a short NFL career as a defensive lineman, playing for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, and appearing in preseason games for the Detroit Lions and the Dallas Cowboys.", "Dan Sileo __knowledge__ Sileo was also invited to the 1982 Penn Relays in the Shot Put.", "Dan Sileo __knowledge__ Sileo is childhood friends with president of CBS Sports Sean McManus and Sean's father Jim McKay helped Sileo become a sports broadcaster.", "Major League Soccer __knowledge__ Major League Soccer (MLS) is a men's professional soccer league sanctioned by U.S. Soccer that represents the sport's highest level in both the United States and Canada.", "Major League Soccer __knowledge__ MLS constitutes one of the major professional sports leagues of the United States and Canada.", "Major League Soccer __knowledge__ The league comprises 23 teams—20 in the U.S. and 3 in Canada.", "Major League Soccer __knowledge__ The MLS regular season runs from March to October, with each team playing 34 games; the team with the best record is awarded the Supporters' Shield.", "Major League Soccer __knowledge__ The postseason includes twelve teams competing in the MLS Cup Playoffs through November and December, culminating in the championship game the MLS Cup.", "Soccer in the United States __knowledge__ Soccer in the United States is governed by the United States Soccer Federation.", "Soccer in the United States __knowledge__ The organization governs most levels of soccer in the country, including the national teams, professional leagues, and the amateur game with the exception of colleges and high schools.", "Soccer in the United States __knowledge__ , over 24.4 million people play soccer in the United States.", "Soccer in the United States __knowledge__ In 2012, the U.S. Census Bureau reported that soccer was the third-most played team sport in the U.S., behind only basketball and baseball.", "Soccer in the United States __knowledge__ The popularity of the sport in the U.S. has been growing since the 1960s and 1970s, and received a significant boost when the United States hosted the 1994 FIFA World Cup and 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup.", "Panama Papers __knowledge__ The Panama Papers are 11.5 million leaked documents that detail financial and attorney–client information for more than 214,488 offshore entities.", "Panama Papers __knowledge__ The documents, some dating back to the 1970s, were created by, and taken from, Panamanian law firm and corporate service provider Mossack Fonseca, and were leaked in 2015 by an anonymous source.", "Panama Papers __knowledge__ The documents contain personal financial information about wealthy individuals and public officials that had previously been kept private.", "Panama Papers __knowledge__ While offshore business entities are legal (see Offshore Magic Circle), reporters found that some of the Mossack Fonseca shell corporations were used for illegal purposes, including fraud, tax evasion, and evading international sanctions.", "Human overpopulation __knowledge__ Human overpopulation (or population overshoot) occurs when the ecological footprint of a human population in a specific geographical location exceeds the carrying capacity of the place occupied by that group.", "Human overpopulation __knowledge__ Overpopulation can further be viewed, in a long term perspective, as existing if a population cannot be maintained given the rapid depletion of non-renewable resources or given the degradation of the capacity of the environment to give support to the population.", "Human overpopulation __knowledge__ Changes in lifestyle could reverse overpopulated status without a large population reduction.", "Human overpopulation __knowledge__ The term \"human overpopulation\" refers to the relationship between the entire human population and its environment: the Earth, or to smaller geographical areas such as countries.", "Tablighi Jamaat __knowledge__ Tablighi Jamaat (, \"Tablīghī Jamā‘at\"; , \"Jamā‘at at-Tablīgh\"; ; ; English: The Outreach Society, is an ideological movement with emphasis on the sacrifices that were made by the companions of the Holy Prophet Muhammad to establish the true recognition of Allah by the invitation adopted by the holy Prophet Muhammad to correct the faith and actions in the early period of ignorance in the Arabian Peninsula.", "Tablighi Jamaat __knowledge__ This movement incorporates the methodology of inviting Muslims by emphasising the greatness of one Allah to bring the true conviction of Allah's commands as show to us on the pattern of the Prophet Muhammad teachings (faith) it has no political affiliating or goal for global domination rather it pleads to the masses to recognise the object of your life in the last period of time where no more prophets are to come and the responsibility of Prophethood lays on the shoulder of every single follower of the Prophet Muhammed .The movements focus is based on the Sunni school of thought that rejects all innovations and extremism and request it's followers to use the wisdom and character used by the Prophet Muhammad in his life to propagate the true Islam to the people, .", "Food security __knowledge__ Food security is a condition related to the supply of food, and individuals' access to it.", "Food security __knowledge__ There is evidence of granaries being in use over 10,000 years ago, with central authorities in civilizations including ancient China and ancient Egypt being known to release food from storage in times of famine.", "Food security __knowledge__ At the 1974 World Food Conference the term \"food security\" was defined with an emphasis on supply.", "Food security __knowledge__ Food security, they said, is the \"availability at all times of adequate world food supplies of basic foodstuffs to sustain a steady expansion of food consumption and to offset fluctuations in production and prices\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Association football __knowledge__ Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball.", "Association football __knowledge__ It is played by 250 million players in over 200 countries and dependencies, making it the world's most popular sport.", "Association football __knowledge__ The game is played on a rectangular field with a goal at each end.", "Association football __knowledge__ The object of the game is to score by getting the ball into the opposing goal.", "Association football __knowledge__ Players are not allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play, unless they are goalkeepers (and then only when within their penalty area).", "Association football __knowledge__ Other players mainly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may also use any part of their body except the hands and the arms.", "Association football __knowledge__ The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins.", "Association football __knowledge__ If the score is level at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition.", "Association football __knowledge__ The Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863.", "Association football __knowledge__ Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; ), which organises World Cups for both men and women every four years.", "Lionel Messi __knowledge__ Lionel Andrés \"Leo\" Messi Cuccittini (; born 24 June 1987) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a forward for Spanish club Barcelona and the Argentina national team.", "Lionel Messi __knowledge__ Often considered the best player in the world and regarded by many as the greatest of all time, Messi has a record-tying five Ballon d'Or awards, four of which he won consecutively, and a record-tying four European Golden Shoes.", "Lionel Messi __knowledge__ He has spent his entire professional career with Barcelona, where he has won 29 trophies, including eight La Liga titles, four UEFA Champions League titles, and five Copas del Rey.", "Lionel Messi __knowledge__ Both a prolific goalscorer and a creative playmaker, Messi holds the records for most official goals scored in La Liga (368), a La Liga season (50), a club football season in Europe (73), a calendar year (91), El Clásico (26), as well as those for most assists made in La Liga (146) and the Copa América (11).", "Messi–Ronaldo rivalry __knowledge__ The Messi–Ronaldo rivalry is an association football rivalry between fans of Argentine forward Lionel Messi and Portuguese forward Cristiano Ronaldo and supposedly between the athletes themselves.", "Messi–Ronaldo rivalry __knowledge__ Having won a combined ten Ballon d'Or/FIFA Ballon d'Or awards (5 for Messi and 5 for Ronaldo), both are widely regarded as the two best players of their generation and among the best of all time in the sport.", "Messi–Ronaldo rivalry __knowledge__ Both players have regularly broken the 50 goal barrier in a single season, and have scored over 600 goals each in their careers for club and country.", "Messi–Ronaldo rivalry __knowledge__ They are also the only two players to score seven UEFA Champions League hat-tricks.", "2012–13 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ The 2012–13 season was Futbol Club Barcelona's 113th in existence and the club's 82nd consecutive season in the top flight of Spanish football.", "2012–13 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ The season marked the managerial debut of Tito Vilanova, who served as Pep Guardiola's longtime assistant.", "2012–13 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ Vilanova assumed management of the club after Guardiola, who had managed Barcelona for the prior four seasons, declined to renew his contract.", "2012–13 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ On 29 May, Barcelona announced their first pre-season match to be against Hamburger SV in occasion of the German outfit's 125th anniversary celebration.", "2012–13 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ It will be Tito Vilanova's first match in charge of the first team.", "2014–15 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ The 2014–15 season was Futbol Club Barcelona's 115th in existence and the club's 84th consecutive season in the top flight of Spanish football.", "2014–15 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ It was one of the most successful seasons in the club's history as they clinched the Treble by winning La Liga, Copa del Rey and the UEFA Champions League.", "2014–15 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ By doing so, the Catalans became the first European team to twice win the domestic double as well as the highest continental tournament, after winning their first treble in the 2008–09 season.", "2014–15 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ Barcelona's success was due to a large extent to their formidable forward trio composed of Lionel Messi, Neymar and summer signing Luis Suárez, who scored an unprecedented total of 122 goals in all competitions to become the trio with most goals in Spanish football history.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Yea ( ) is a town in Victoria, Australia north-east of Melbourne at the junction of the Goulburn Valley Highway and the Melba Highway, in the Shire of Murrindindi local government area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ In an area originally inhabited by the Taungurong people, it was first visited by Europeans of the Hume and Hovell expedition in 1824, and within 15 years most of the land in the area had been taken up by graziers.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Surveyed in 1855, the township grew as a service centre for grazing, gold-mining and timber-getting in the area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ The town has had a fairly stable population (around 1,100) since 1900, though it now has a relatively old population.", "Johan Cruyff __knowledge__ Hendrik Johannes \"Johan\" Cruijff (, anglicised to Cruyff; 25 April 1947 – 24 March 2016) was a Dutch professional football player and coach.", "Johan Cruyff __knowledge__ As a player, he won the Ballon d'Or three times, in 1971, 1973, and 1974.", "Johan Cruyff __knowledge__ Cruyff was the most famous exponent of the football philosophy known as Total Football explored by Rinus Michels, and is widely regarded as one of the greatest players in football history.", "Johan Cruyff __knowledge__ In the 1970s, Dutch football rose from near obscurity to become a powerhouse in the sport.", "Johan Cruyff __knowledge__ Cruyff led the Netherlands to the final of the 1974 FIFA World Cup and received the Golden Ball as player of the tournament.", "2009 UEFA Champions League Final __knowledge__ The 2009 UEFA Champions League Final was played on 27 May 2009 at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome, Italy.", "2009 UEFA Champions League Final __knowledge__ The match determined the winners of the 2008–09 season of the UEFA Champions League, a tournament for the top football clubs in Europe.", "2009 UEFA Champions League Final __knowledge__ The match was won by Barcelona of Spain, who beat England's Manchester United 2–0.", "2009 UEFA Champions League Final __knowledge__ Samuel Eto'o opened the scoring in the 10th minute, and Lionel Messi added another goal 20 minutes from the end to earn Barcelona a historic treble of La Liga, the Copa del Rey and the Champions League, a feat never before achieved by a Spanish club.", "2009 UEFA Champions League Final __knowledge__ The match was refereed by Swiss referee Massimo Busacca.", "2008–09 Manchester United F.C. season __knowledge__ The 2008–09 season was Manchester United's 17th season in the Premier League, and their 34th consecutive season in the top division of English football.", "2008–09 Manchester United F.C. season __knowledge__ After winning a third consecutive Premier League title for the second time to equal Liverpool's record of 18 league titles, the team aimed to become the first team to retain the European Cup since Milan in 1990.", "2008–09 Manchester United F.C. season __knowledge__ However, they were beaten 2–0 by Barcelona in the final at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome on 27 May 2009.", "2008–09 Manchester United F.C. season __knowledge__ United started their season in August 2008 by winning the Community Shield.", "2008–09 Manchester United F.C. season __knowledge__ In December 2008, the club became the first English side to win the FIFA Club World Cup when they beat LDU Quito 1–0 in the final.", "Cristiano Ronaldo __knowledge__ Cristiano Ronaldo dos Santos Aveiro (; born 5 February 1985) is a Portuguese professional footballer who plays as a forward for Spanish club Real Madrid and the Portugal national team.", "Cristiano Ronaldo __knowledge__ Often considered the best player in the world and widely regarded as one of the greatest of all time, Ronaldo has five Ballon d'Or awards, the most for a European player and is tied for most all-time.", "Cristiano Ronaldo __knowledge__ He is the first player in history to win four European Golden Shoes.", "Cristiano Ronaldo __knowledge__ He has won 25 trophies in his career, including five league titles, four UEFA Champions League titles and one UEFA European Championship.", "Cristiano Ronaldo __knowledge__ A prolific goalscorer, Ronaldo holds the records for most official goals scored in the top five European leagues (377), the UEFA Champions League (114), the UEFA European Championship (29) and the FIFA Club World Cup (7), as well as most goals scored in a UEFA Champions League season (17).", "2007–08 Manchester United F.C. season __knowledge__ The 2007–08 season was Manchester United's 16th season in the Premier League, and their 33rd consecutive season in the top division of English football.", "2007–08 Manchester United F.C. season __knowledge__ The season was regarded as a success; despite the team's slow start in the league, they won their 10th Premier League title (their 17th top division title overall, just one behind Liverpool's record of 18 but no premier league titles) and beat Chelsea on penalties in the 2008 UEFA Champions League Final to claim the European Double.", "2007–08 Manchester United F.C. season __knowledge__ Although they won the 2007 FA Community Shield against Chelsea, the club was not as successful in the domestic cup competitions, losing to eventual FA Cup winners, Portsmouth, in the Sixth Round, and losing to Coventry City in the Third Round of the League Cup.", "2005–06 Manchester United F.C. season __knowledge__ The 2005–06 season was Manchester United's 14th season in the Premier League, and their 31st consecutive season in the top division of English football.", "2005–06 Manchester United F.C. season __knowledge__ After having finished in third place in both of the previous two seasons, the Red Devils improved slightly to finish the 2005–06 season in second place, despite finishing 8 points off the lead.", "2005–06 Manchester United F.C. season __knowledge__ However, despite the improvement in their league form, United's European form took a massive blow, with the club failing to reach the knockout stage of the UEFA Champions League for the first time since 1994–95.", "2005–06 Manchester United F.C. season __knowledge__ The club fared better in the FA Cup, reaching the Fifth Round, but their real success came in the League Cup, in which they beat Wigan Athletic 4–0 in the final.", "2006–07 Manchester United F.C. season __knowledge__ The 2006–07 season was Manchester United's 15th season in the Premier League, and their 32nd consecutive season in the top division of English football.", "2006–07 Manchester United F.C. season __knowledge__ United enjoyed a much more successful season than the previous three seasons, winning the Premier League by a six-point margin over Chelsea.", "2006–07 Manchester United F.C. season __knowledge__ They also reached the final of the FA Cup and the semi-finals of the UEFA Champions League, losing to Chelsea and Milan respectively.", "2006–07 Manchester United F.C. season __knowledge__ However, for all their success in the major competitions, the club was unable to defend the League Cup title they had won in 2005–06, losing to Southend United in the Fourth Round.", "History of the Portugal national football team __knowledge__ The history of the Portugal national football team dates back to its first match on 18 December 1921.", "History of the Portugal national football team __knowledge__ The Portuguese Football Federation was formed in 1914 with the name União Portuguesa de Futebol, but due to World War I, the team didn't play its first international match until 1921.", "History of the Portugal national football team __knowledge__ The Portugal national football team has played in the FIFA World Cup, where their best finish was third, the Euros, which they've won, and other tournaments throughout its history.", "History of the Portugal national football team __knowledge__ The Portuguese Football Federation was formed in 1914 with the name União Portuguesa de Futebol (by 1926, they changed to its current name) and the aim of creating national tournaments (since it only existed regional championships) and promoting games in which a Portuguese representative team would play against other teams from various parts of the globe, but unfortunately, due to the World War I, the dream was not made possible for the next seven years." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Association football __knowledge__ Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball.", "Association football __knowledge__ It is played by 250 million players in over 200 countries and dependencies, making it the world's most popular sport.", "Association football __knowledge__ The game is played on a rectangular field with a goal at each end.", "Association football __knowledge__ The object of the game is to score by getting the ball into the opposing goal.", "Association football __knowledge__ Players are not allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play, unless they are goalkeepers (and then only when within their penalty area).", "Association football __knowledge__ Other players mainly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may also use any part of their body except the hands and the arms.", "Association football __knowledge__ The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins.", "Association football __knowledge__ If the score is level at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition.", "Association football __knowledge__ The Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863.", "Association football __knowledge__ Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; ), which organises World Cups for both men and women every four years.", "W. C. Fields __knowledge__ William Claude Dukenfield (January 29, 1880 – December 25, 1946), better known as W. C. Fields, was an American comedian, actor, juggler and writer.", "W. C. Fields __knowledge__ Fields' comic persona was a misanthropic and hard-drinking egotist, who remained a sympathetic character despite his snarling contempt for dogs and children.", "W. C. Fields __knowledge__ His career in show business began in vaudeville, where he attained international success as a silent juggler.", "W. C. Fields __knowledge__ He gradually incorporated comedy into his act, and was a featured comedian in the Ziegfeld Follies for several years.", "W. C. Fields __knowledge__ He became a star in the Broadway musical comedy \"Poppy\" (1923), in which he played a colorful small-time con man.", "Field (mathematics) __knowledge__ In mathematics, a field is a set on which addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are defined, and behave as when they are applied to rational and real numbers.", "Field (mathematics) __knowledge__ A field is thus a fundamental algebraic structure, which is widely used in algebra, number theory and many other areas of mathematics.", "Field (mathematics) __knowledge__ The best known fields are the field of rational numbers and the field of real numbers.", "Field (mathematics) __knowledge__ The field of complex numbers is also widely used, not only in mathematics, but also in many areas of science and engineering.", "Field (mathematics) __knowledge__ Many other fields, such as fields of rational functions, algebraic function fields, algebraic number fields, and \"p\"-adic fields are commonly used and studied in mathematics, particularly in number theory and algebraic geometry.", "Paintball __knowledge__ Paintball is a competitive team shooting sport in which players eliminate opponents from play by hitting them with spherical dye-filled gelatin capsules (\"paintballs\") that break upon impact.", "Paintball __knowledge__ Paintballs are usually shot using a low-energy air weapon called a paintball marker that is powered by compressed air (nitrogen) or carbon dioxide.", "Paintball __knowledge__ The game was initially developed in the 1980s for recreation, but now is frequently played at a formal sporting level with organized competition that involves major tournaments, professional teams, and players.", "Paintball __knowledge__ Paintball technology is also used by military forces, law enforcement, paramilitary and security organizations to supplement military or other training.", "Big Ten Conference __knowledge__ The Big Ten Conference (B1G), formerly Western Conference and Big Nine Conference, is the oldest Division I collegiate athletic conference in the United States.", "Big Ten Conference __knowledge__ Despite its name, the conference consists of 14 members (as of 2017).", "Big Ten Conference __knowledge__ They compete in the NCAA Division I; its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS), formerly known as Division I-A, the highest level of NCAA competition in that sport.", "Big Ten Conference __knowledge__ The conference includes the flagship public university in each of 11 states stretching from New Jersey to Nebraska, as well as two additional public land grant schools and a private university.", "2013 Ohio State Buckeyes football team __knowledge__ The 2013 Ohio State Buckeyes football team represented Ohio State University in the 2013 NCAA Division I FBS football season.", "2013 Ohio State Buckeyes football team __knowledge__ It was the Buckeye's 124th overall, the 101st as a member of the Big Ten Conference, and the third as a member of the Big Ten Leaders Division.", "2013 Ohio State Buckeyes football team __knowledge__ The team was led by Urban Meyer, in his second year as head coach, and played its home games at Ohio Stadium in Columbus, Ohio.", "2013 Ohio State Buckeyes football team __knowledge__ The Buckeyes finished the regular season with an undefeated record for the second consecutive year, as well as Big Ten Leaders Division champions for the second consecutive year.", "2013 Ohio State Buckeyes football team __knowledge__ They finished the season with a record of 12 wins and 2 losses (12–2 overall, 8–0 in the Big Ten), following losses to Michigan State in the Big Ten Championship Game and to Clemson in the Orange Bowl.", "Endianness __knowledge__ Endianness refers to the sequential order in which bytes are arranged into larger numerical values when stored in memory or when transmitted over digital links.", "Endianness __knowledge__ Endianness is of interest in computer science because two conflicting and incompatible formats are in common use: words may be represented in big-endian or little-endian format, depending on whether bits or bytes or other components are ordered from the big end (most significant bit) or the little end (least significant bit).", "Endianness __knowledge__ In big-endian format, whenever addressing memory or sending/storing words bytewise, the most significant byte — the byte containing the most significant bit — is stored first (has the lowest address) or sent first, then the following bytes are stored or sent in decreasing significance order, with the least significant byte — the one containing the least significant bit — stored last (having the highest address) or sent last.", "Big History __knowledge__ Big History is an emerging academic discipline which examines history from the Big Bang to the present.", "Big History __knowledge__ It examines long time frames using a multidisciplinary approach based on combining numerous disciplines from science and the humanities, and explores human existence in the context of this bigger picture.", "Big History __knowledge__ It integrates studies of the cosmos, Earth, life, and humanity using empirical evidence to explore cause-and-effect relations, and is taught at universities and secondary schools often using web-based interactive presentations.", "Big History __knowledge__ According to historian David Christian, who has been credited with coining the term \"Big History\", the intellectual movement is made of an \"unusual coalition of scholars\".", "2012–13 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ The 2012–13 season was Futbol Club Barcelona's 113th in existence and the club's 82nd consecutive season in the top flight of Spanish football.", "2012–13 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ The season marked the managerial debut of Tito Vilanova, who served as Pep Guardiola's longtime assistant.", "2012–13 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ Vilanova assumed management of the club after Guardiola, who had managed Barcelona for the prior four seasons, declined to renew his contract.", "2012–13 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ On 29 May, Barcelona announced their first pre-season match to be against Hamburger SV in occasion of the German outfit's 125th anniversary celebration.", "2012–13 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ It will be Tito Vilanova's first match in charge of the first team.", "Lionel Messi __knowledge__ Lionel Andrés \"Leo\" Messi Cuccittini (; born 24 June 1987) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a forward for Spanish club Barcelona and the Argentina national team.", "Lionel Messi __knowledge__ Often considered the best player in the world and regarded by many as the greatest of all time, Messi has a record-tying five Ballon d'Or awards, four of which he won consecutively, and a record-tying four European Golden Shoes.", "Lionel Messi __knowledge__ He has spent his entire professional career with Barcelona, where he has won 29 trophies, including eight La Liga titles, four UEFA Champions League titles, and five Copas del Rey.", "Lionel Messi __knowledge__ Both a prolific goalscorer and a creative playmaker, Messi holds the records for most official goals scored in La Liga (368), a La Liga season (50), a club football season in Europe (73), a calendar year (91), El Clásico (26), as well as those for most assists made in La Liga (146) and the Copa América (11).", "2011–12 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ The 2011–12 season was Futbol Club Barcelona's 112th in existence and the club's 81st consecutive season in the top flight of Spanish football.", "2011–12 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ Barcelona debuted their new and first paid shirt sponsor Qatar Foundation after an agreement was reached in 2010 with the non-profit organization for a five-and-a-half-year, €170 million deal.", "2011–12 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ The agreement with UNICEF continued and their name had been moved to the lower back portion of the shirt.", "2011–12 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ This season also introduced a new away kit in black while the third kit was retained from last season.", "2011–12 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ Barcelona was unsuccessful in defending two major trophies.", "Neymar __knowledge__ Neymar da Silva Santos Júnior (; born 5 February 1992), commonly known as Neymar or Neymar Jr., is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a forward for French club Paris Saint-Germain and the Brazil national team.", "Neymar __knowledge__ Neymar came into prominence at an early age at Santos, where he made his professional debut aged 17.", "Neymar __knowledge__ He helped the club win two successive Campeonato Paulista championships, a Copa do Brasil, and the 2011 Copa Libertadores, Santos' first continental title since 1963.", "Neymar __knowledge__ Neymar was twice named the South American Footballer of the Year, in 2011 and 2012, before relocating to Europe to join Barcelona.", "Xavi __knowledge__ Xavier \"Xavi\" Hernández Creus ( ; born 25 January 1980) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a central midfielder for Qatari club Al Sadd SC.", "Xavi __knowledge__ He is remembered for playing for the Spain national team and Barcelona.", "Xavi __knowledge__ Xavi came through \"La Masia\", the Barcelona youth academy, at age 11 and made his first-team debut against Mallorca in August 1998.", "Xavi __knowledge__ Since then, he has played 700 matches, scored 82 goals and made more than 180 assists for over 50 players.", "Xavi __knowledge__ Xavi is the first player in Barcelona's history to play 150 international matches.", "Xavi __knowledge__ Highly regarded for his humble persona and team ethos, Xavi is viewed as being the embodiment of the \"tiki-taka\" passing style of play, and is widely considered to be one of the greatest central midfielders of all time.", "Johan Cruyff __knowledge__ Hendrik Johannes \"Johan\" Cruijff (, anglicised to Cruyff; 25 April 1947 – 24 March 2016) was a Dutch professional football player and coach.", "Johan Cruyff __knowledge__ As a player, he won the Ballon d'Or three times, in 1971, 1973, and 1974.", "Johan Cruyff __knowledge__ Cruyff was the most famous exponent of the football philosophy known as Total Football explored by Rinus Michels, and is widely regarded as one of the greatest players in football history.", "Johan Cruyff __knowledge__ In the 1970s, Dutch football rose from near obscurity to become a powerhouse in the sport.", "Johan Cruyff __knowledge__ Cruyff led the Netherlands to the final of the 1974 FIFA World Cup and received the Golden Ball as player of the tournament.", "2010–11 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ The 2010–11 season was Futbol Club Barcelona's 111th in existence and the club's 80th consecutive season in the top flight of Spanish football.", "2010–11 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ Barcelona will start the season with a new president after Joan Laporta reached his term limit on 30 June, leaving behind a very successful club tenure.", "2010–11 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ Sandro Rosell was elected president on 13 June by securing a record total of 35,021 votes (61.35%), more than the 27,138 achieved by Laporta in 2003.", "2010–11 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ Rosell began his tenure on 1 July as the 39th president in Barcelona's history.", "2010–11 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ Sir Alex Ferguson has described this squad as the best he had ever faced.", "2010–11 FC Barcelona season __knowledge__ Barcelona started their transfer window only three days after the end of the 2009–10 season, by reaching an agreement with Valencia for Spanish international David Villa worth €40 million." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Association football __knowledge__ Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball.", "Association football __knowledge__ It is played by 250 million players in over 200 countries and dependencies, making it the world's most popular sport.", "Association football __knowledge__ The game is played on a rectangular field with a goal at each end.", "Association football __knowledge__ The object of the game is to score by getting the ball into the opposing goal.", "Association football __knowledge__ Players are not allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play, unless they are goalkeepers (and then only when within their penalty area).", "Association football __knowledge__ Other players mainly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may also use any part of their body except the hands and the arms.", "Association football __knowledge__ The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins.", "Association football __knowledge__ If the score is level at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition.", "Association football __knowledge__ The Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863.", "Association football __knowledge__ Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; ), which organises World Cups for both men and women every four years.", "Jaja Santiago __knowledge__ Alyja Daphne Santiago or commonly known as Jaja Santiago (born 20 January 1996 in Cavite City) is a Filipino volleyball player who played with the PSL All Stars club in the 2016 FIVB Club World Championship in the Philippines.", "Jaja Santiago __knowledge__ She is a member of Philippines national team and the tallest in the current roster.", "Jaja Santiago __knowledge__ Santiago was born on January 20, 1996, the fourth of five siblings.", "Jaja Santiago __knowledge__ Her brother Axel Leonard Santiago, a former champion of men's volleyball player in National University \"NU Bulldogs\" of UAAP Season 75, is currently working in PLDT and her older sister is working in Dubai, while she and her sister, Aleona Denise \"Dindin\" Santiago, both played for the women's volleyball in different leagues.", "Philippine Super Liga All-Stars __knowledge__ The Philippine SuperLiga All-Stars is a volleyball selection team composing of players from the Philippine Super Liga (PSL).", "Philippine Super Liga All-Stars __knowledge__ The Philippine Super Liga was invited to participate in the 2016 Women's Volleyball Thai-Denmark Super League in Bangkok, Thailand.", "Philippine Super Liga All-Stars __knowledge__ The league decided to send a selection team instead of one of the clubs competing in the league.", "Philippine Super Liga All-Stars __knowledge__ The selection of players was done around late February 2016.", "Philippine Super Liga All-Stars __knowledge__ The team played in the tournament as \"Petron-PSL\".", "Philippine Super Liga All-Stars __knowledge__ PSL president Ramon Suzara, who used to be the secretary general of the Philippine Amateur Volleyball Association (PAVA) when the country won the last gold medal in the Southeast Asian Games women's volleyball in 1993, stated in a press release that the PSL All-Stars selection is a \"fighting team\".", "Panik (band) __knowledge__ Panik is a rock band from Neumünster, Germany, that was established in 2002 under the name Pan!k.", "Panik (band) __knowledge__ This band consisted of David Bonk (guitar, vocals), Timo \"T:Mo\" Sonnenschein (rap/vocals), Jan Werner (DJ) and Max Böhlen (drums).", "Panik (band) __knowledge__ With the addition of Frank \"Franky\" Ziegler (vocals), Christian Linke (bass guitar) and replacement of Max Böhlen with Juri Schewe on drums, the band changed its name to Nevada Tan in 2007 and released its first studio album Niemand Hört Dich to commercial success in Germany.", "Panik (band) __knowledge__ On January 20, 2008, Nevada Tan announced that they had officially changed their name to Panik due to difficulties with the management, resulting in switch from Universal Records to Vertigo Records.", "Francis Vicente __knowledge__ Francis John Patrick Vicente is a Filipino volleyball coach.", "Francis Vicente __knowledge__ He is the head coach of the Philippines women's national volleyball team.", "Francis Vicente __knowledge__ He also mentors the women's collegiate team of the University of the East since 2014 and the Generika Lifesavers volleyball club of the Philippine Super Liga.", "Francis Vicente __knowledge__ He is also coaching the Philippine Super Liga All-Stars team which will participate at the 2017 Asian Women's Club Volleyball Championship.", "Francis Vicente __knowledge__ Vicente coached the girls' team of the University of Santo Tomas High School which won straight titles in the UAAP juniors under his helm.", "Francis Vicente __knowledge__ He mentored the National University women's team to the Final Four campaign in the 2012–13 season of the UAAP.", "Evel Knievel __knowledge__ Robert Craig Knievel Jr. (; October 17, 1938 – November 30, 2007), professionally Evel Knievel, was an American stunt performer, painter, entertainer, and international icon.", "Evel Knievel __knowledge__ Over the course of his career, he attempted more than 75 ramp-to-ramp motorcycle jumps; in 1974, he failed an attempted canyon jump across Snake River Canyon in the Skycycle X-2, a steam-powered rocket.", "Evel Knievel __knowledge__ Knievel was inducted into the Motorcycle Hall of Fame in 1999.", "Evel Knievel __knowledge__ He died of pulmonary disease in Clearwater, Florida in 2007, aged 69.", "Evel Knievel __knowledge__ Knievel was born on October 17, 1938 in Butte, Montana, the first of two children of Robert E. and Ann Marie Keough Knievel.", "Larong Volleyball sa Pilipinas __knowledge__ Larong Volleyball sa Pilipinas, Inc. (lit.", "Larong Volleyball sa Pilipinas __knowledge__ Volleyball Sport in the Philippines) is the current national governing body (NSA) for volleyball in the Philippines recognized by the Philippine Olympic Committee (POC), the Philippine Sports Commission (PSC), the Asian Volleyball Confederation (AVC) and the International Volleyball Federation (FIVB).", "Larong Volleyball sa Pilipinas __knowledge__ Larong Volleyball sa Pilipinas, Inc. (LVPI) was formed in a restructuring effort by the Philippine Olympic Committee (POC) through their president Peping Cojuangco following a power struggle which emerged at the formerly POC-recognized Philippine Volleyball Federation (PVF) due to two colliding factions between the group of now-PVF president Edgardo \"Boy\" Cantada and the group of now-PVF secretary general Karl Chan and now-PVF managing director Otie Camangian but it was later reconciled and united.", "Moro Branislav __knowledge__ Moro Branislav (Serbian Cyrillic: Бранислав Моро ;born April 22, 1957) is a Serbian volleyball coach who is the head coach of the Cocolife Asset Managers of the Philippine Super Liga starting 2018.", "Moro Branislav __knowledge__ He also coached the PSL Manila selection team that participated at the 2016 FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship.", "Moro Branislav __knowledge__ Branislav, a Level 3 FIVB coach, has coached clubs in various countries such as Belarus, Greece, Kuwait, Libya, Romania, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, and the now defunct Yugoslavia.", "Moro Branislav __knowledge__ He has also coached the national teams of Yugoslavia and Zaire.", "Moro Branislav __knowledge__ Branislav went to North Korea in May 2015 to coach the volleyball team of the April 25 Sports Club.", "United Kingdom insolvency law __knowledge__ United Kingdom insolvency law regulates companies in the United Kingdom which are unable to repay their debts.", "United Kingdom insolvency law __knowledge__ While UK bankruptcy law concerns the rules for natural persons, the term insolvency is generally used for companies formed under the Companies Act 2006.", "United Kingdom insolvency law __knowledge__ \"Insolvency\" means being unable to pay debts.", "United Kingdom insolvency law __knowledge__ Since the Cork Report of 1982, the modern policy of UK insolvency law has been to attempt to rescue a company that is in difficulty, to minimise losses and fairly distribute the burdens between the community, employees, creditors and other stakeholders that result from enterprise failure.", "United Kingdom insolvency law __knowledge__ If a company cannot be saved it is \"liquidated\", so that the assets are sold off to repay creditors according to their priority.", "Language acquisition __knowledge__ Language acquisition is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language, as well as to produce and use words and sentences to communicate.", "Language acquisition __knowledge__ Language acquisition is one of the quintessential human traits, because non-humans do not communicate by using language.", "Language acquisition __knowledge__ Language acquisition usually refers to first-language acquisition, which studies infants' acquisition of their native language.", "Language acquisition __knowledge__ This is distinguished from \"second-language acquisition\", which deals with the acquisition (in both children and adults) of additional languages.", "Language acquisition __knowledge__ Linguists who are interested in child language acquisition for many years question how language is acquired, lidz et al.", "Ivar Kreuger __knowledge__ Ivar Kreuger (; 2 March 1880 – 12 March 1932) was a Swedish civil engineer, financier, entrepreneur and industrialist.", "Ivar Kreuger __knowledge__ In 1908 he co-founded the construction company Kreuger & Toll Byggnads AB, which specialized in new building techniques.", "Ivar Kreuger __knowledge__ By aggressive investments and innovative financial instruments he built a global match and financial empire.", "Ivar Kreuger __knowledge__ Between the two world wars, he negotiated match monopolies with European, Central American and South American governments, and finally controlled between two thirds and three quarters of worldwide match production, becoming known as the \"Match King\".", "Ivar Kreuger __knowledge__ Kreuger's financial empire has been described by one biographer as a Ponzi scheme, based on the supposedly fantastic profitability of his match monopolies.", "Tachyon __knowledge__ A tachyon or tachyonic particle is a hypothetical particle that always moves faster than light.", "Tachyon __knowledge__ Most physicists believe that faster-than-light particles cannot exist because they are not consistent with the known laws of physics.", "Tachyon __knowledge__ If such particles did exist, they could be used to build a tachyonic antitelephone and send signals faster than light, which (according to special relativity) would lead to violations of causality.", "Tachyon __knowledge__ The possibility of particles moving faster than light was first proposed by O. M. P. Bilaniuk, V. K. Deshpande, and E. C. G. Sudarshan in 1962, although the term they used for it was \"meta-particle\".", "Indonesian occupation of East Timor __knowledge__ The Indonesian occupation of East Timor began in December 1975 and lasted until October 1999.", "Indonesian occupation of East Timor __knowledge__ After centuries of Portuguese colonial rule in East Timor, a 1974 coup in Portugal led to the decolonisation of its former colonies, creating instability in East Timor and leaving its future uncertain.", "Indonesian occupation of East Timor __knowledge__ After a small-scale civil war, the pro-independence Fretilin declared victory in the capital city of Dili and declared an independent East Timor on 28 November 1975.", "Indonesian occupation of East Timor __knowledge__ Claiming that its assistance had been requested by East Timorese leaders, Indonesian military forces invaded East Timor on 7 December 1975 and by 1979 they had all but destroyed the armed resistance to the occupation.", "Andy Murray __knowledge__ Sir Andrew Barron Murray, (born 15 May 1987) is a British professional tennis player from Scotland currently ranked world no.", "Andy Murray __knowledge__ 19 in men's singles.", "Andy Murray __knowledge__ Murray represents Great Britain in his sporting activities and is a three-time Grand Slam tournament winner, two-time Olympic champion, Davis Cup champion and the winner of the 2016 ATP World Tour Finals.", "Andy Murray __knowledge__ Murray defeated Novak Djokovic in the 2012 US Open final, becoming the first British player since 1977, and the first British man since 1936, to win a Grand Slam singles tournament.", "Andy Murray __knowledge__ Murray is also the first British man to win more than one Wimbledon singles title since Fred Perry in 1935.", "Soil __knowledge__ Soil is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support life.", "Soil __knowledge__ The Earth's body of soil is the pedosphere, which has four important functions: it is a medium for plant growth; it is a means of water storage, supply and purification; it is a modifier of Earth's atmosphere; it is a habitat for organisms; all of which, in turn, modify the soil.", "Soil __knowledge__ Soil interfaces with the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the biosphere.", "Soil __knowledge__ The term \"pedolith\", used commonly to refer to the soil, literally translates \"ground stone\".", "Soil __knowledge__ Soil consists of a solid phase of minerals and organic matter (the soil matrix), as well as a porous phase that holds gases (the soil atmosphere) and water (the soil solution)." ] ]

[ 2, 34, 0, 0, 0 ]

[ "It is funny that we have to qualify it as soccer since it is played by 250 million people in over 200 countries.", "It does depend on how you define top but. Cristiano Ronaldo is often considered the best in the world, and maybe one of the best of all time.", "Lionel Messi is definitely also considered one of the best. It definitely seems like the best soccer is done in South America.", "It depends whether it is an international match or not. Some of the fields are tightly constrained, others are not.", "Definitely. It all over a very interesting sport." ]

[ "Association football", "Association football", "Association football", "Association football", "Association football" ]

[ "Parenting\nDo you have any experience parenting?", "Me neither, but based on my parents, it sure does seem stressful!", "I have seen that, it seems like it can be a lot of work, and you will be lucky if anything you say sticks at all!", "That is crazy, I feel so bad for kids like that, that is a tough life", "That is true, you could do a great job, and your kid could hate you" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting or child rearing is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting refers to the intricacies of raising a child aside from the biological relationship.", "Parenting __knowledge__ The most common caretaker in parenting is the biological parent(s) of the child in question, although others may be an older sibling, a grandparent, a legal guardian, aunt, uncle or other family member, or a family friend.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Governments and society may have a role in child-rearing as well.", "Parenting __knowledge__ In many cases, orphaned or abandoned children receive parental care from non-parent blood relations.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Others may be adopted, raised in foster care, or placed in an orphanage.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting skills vary, and a parent with good parenting skills may be referred to as a \"good parent\".", "Parenting __knowledge__ The English pediatrician and psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott described the concept of \"good-enough\" parenting in which a minimum of prerequisites for healthy child development are met.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Winnicott wrote, \"The good-enough mother...starts off with an almost complete adaptation to her infant's needs, and as time proceeds she adapts less and less completely, gradually, according to the infant's growing ability to deal with her failure.\"", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ Attachment parenting (AP) is a parenting philosophy that proposes methods which aim to promote the attachment of mother and infant not only by maximal maternal empathy and responsiveness but also by continuous bodily closeness and touch.", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ The term \"attachment parenting\" has been coined by the American pediatrician William Sears.", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ In family sociology, attachment parenting is considered to be the most striking manifestation of \"intensive mothering\" or \"New momism\".", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ The doctrine has hence been targeted by criticism from a host of objectors.", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ Attachment parenting is only one of many responsiveness and love-oriented parenting philosophies that entered the pedagogical mainstream after World War II, and it owes many of its ideas to older teachings, such as Benjamin Spock's influential handbook \"Baby and Child Care\" (1946).", "Parenting styles __knowledge__ A parenting style is a psychological construct representing standard strategies that parents use in their child rearing.", "Parenting styles __knowledge__ The quality of parenting can be more essential than the quantity of time spent with the child.", "Parenting styles __knowledge__ For instance, a parent can spend an entire afternoon with his or her child, yet the parent may be engaging in a different activity and not demonstrating enough interest towards the child.", "Parenting styles __knowledge__ Parenting styles are the representation of how parents respond and demand to their children.", "Parenting styles __knowledge__ Parenting practices are specific behaviors, while parenting styles represent broader patterns of parenting practices.", "Leonard S. Marcus __knowledge__ Leonard S. Marcus (born December 11, 1950) is one of the world's leading scholars of English language children's literature.", "Leonard S. Marcus __knowledge__ Marcus is a critic, historian, and author.", "Leonard S. Marcus __knowledge__ Leonard Marcus is a contributor to the \"Horn Book\" and New York Times Book Review.", "Leonard S. Marcus __knowledge__ Marcus is a founding trustee of the Eric Carle Museum of Picture Book Art.", "Leonard S. Marcus __knowledge__ Also, he is the curator of the New York Public Library's 2013 exhibition called \"\".", "Leonard S. Marcus __knowledge__ Marcus \"... is one of the best and brightest critics of children`s literature.", "Leonard S. Marcus __knowledge__ He is a fine stylist in his own right,\" said Liz Rosenberg in reference to his biography of Margaret Wise Brown ``Awakened By The Moon`` .", "Shared earning/shared parenting marriage __knowledge__ Shared earning/shared parenting marriage, also known as peer marriage, is a type of marriage where the partners at the outset agree to adhere to a model of shared responsibility for earning money, meeting the needs of children, doing household chores, and taking recreation time in near equal fashion across these four domains.", "Shared earning/shared parenting marriage __knowledge__ It refers to an intact family formed in the relatively equal earning and parenting style from its initiation.", "Shared earning/shared parenting marriage __knowledge__ Peer marriage is distinct from shared parenting, as well as the type of equal or co-parenting that father's rights activists in the United States, the United Kingdom and elsewhere seek after a divorce in the case of marriages, or unmarried pregnancies/childbirths, not set up in this fashion at the outset of the relationship or pregnancy.", "Parenting (magazine) __knowledge__ Parenting was a magazine for families and it was published in United States between 1987 and 2013.", "Parenting (magazine) __knowledge__ Its headquarters was in Winter Park, Florida.", "Parenting (magazine) __knowledge__ \"Parenting\" was launched in 1987 by Time Inc..", "Parenting (magazine) __knowledge__ In February 2009, the magazine became two separate, age-targeted editions: Parenting Early Years, for moms of infants, toddlers and preschoolers, and Parenting School Years, for moms with kids in kindergarten through age 12.", "Parenting (magazine) __knowledge__ Meredith Corporation, which owns \"Parents\", the magazine's biggest competitor, bought \"Parenting\" in May 2013 and shuttered the title in July 2013.", "Parenting (magazine) __knowledge__ Parenting.com, its companion website, lives on.", "Parenting plan __knowledge__ A parenting plan is a child custody plan that is negotiated by parents, and which may be included in a marital separation agreement or final decree of divorce.", "Parenting plan __knowledge__ Especially when a separation is acrimonious to begin with, specific agreements about who will discharge these responsibilities and when and how they are to be discharged can reduce the need for litigation.", "Parenting plan __knowledge__ Avoiding litigation spares parties not only the financial and emotional costs of litigation but the uncertainty of how favorable or unfavorable a court's after-the-fact decision will be.", "Parenting plan __knowledge__ Moreover, the agreement itself can authorize the employment of dispute-resolution methods, such as arbitration and mediation, that may be less costly than litigation." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting or child rearing is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting refers to the intricacies of raising a child aside from the biological relationship.", "Parenting __knowledge__ The most common caretaker in parenting is the biological parent(s) of the child in question, although others may be an older sibling, a grandparent, a legal guardian, aunt, uncle or other family member, or a family friend.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Governments and society may have a role in child-rearing as well.", "Parenting __knowledge__ In many cases, orphaned or abandoned children receive parental care from non-parent blood relations.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Others may be adopted, raised in foster care, or placed in an orphanage.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting skills vary, and a parent with good parenting skills may be referred to as a \"good parent\".", "Parenting __knowledge__ The English pediatrician and psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott described the concept of \"good-enough\" parenting in which a minimum of prerequisites for healthy child development are met.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Winnicott wrote, \"The good-enough mother...starts off with an almost complete adaptation to her infant's needs, and as time proceeds she adapts less and less completely, gradually, according to the infant's growing ability to deal with her failure.\"", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Well-being is a much-studied topic in psychology, especially positive psychology.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Related concepts are eudaimonia, happiness, flourishing, quality of life, contentment, and meaningful life.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Central theories are Diener's tripartite model of subjective well-being, Ryff's Six-factor Model of Psychological Well-being, Corey Keyes' work on flourishing, and Seligmann's contributions to positive psychology and his theories on \"authentic happiness\" and P.E.R.M.A.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Positive psychology is concerned with eudaimonia, \"the good life\" or flourishing, living according to what holds the greatest value in life – the factors that contribute the most to a well-lived and fulfilling life.", "Self-blame (psychology) __knowledge__ Self-blame is a cognitive process in which an individual attributes the occurrence of a stressful event to oneself.", "Self-blame (psychology) __knowledge__ The direction of blame often has implications for individuals’ emotions and behaviors during and following stressful situations.", "Self-blame (psychology) __knowledge__ Self-blame is a common reaction to stressful events and has certain effects on how individuals adapt.", "Self-blame (psychology) __knowledge__ Types of self-blame are hypothesized to contribute to depression, and self-blame is a component of self-directed emotions like guilt and self-disgust.", "Self-blame (psychology) __knowledge__ Because of self-blame’s commonality in response to stress and its role in emotion, self-blame should be examined using psychology’s perspectives on stress and coping.", "Dating __knowledge__ Dating is a stage of romantic relationships in humans whereby two people meet socially with the aim of each assessing the other's suitability as a prospective partner in an intimate relationship or marriage.", "Dating __knowledge__ It is a form of courtship, consisting of social activities done by the couple, either alone or with others.", "Dating __knowledge__ The protocols and practices of dating, and the terms used to describe it, vary considerably from country to country and over time.", "Dating __knowledge__ While the term has several meanings, the most frequent usage refers to two people exploring whether they are romantically or sexually compatible by participating in dates with the other.", "Effects of stress on memory __knowledge__ The effects of stress on memory include interference with a person's capacity to encode memory and the ability to retrieve information.", "Effects of stress on memory __knowledge__ During times of stress, the body reacts by secreting stress hormones into the bloodstream.", "Effects of stress on memory __knowledge__ Stress can cause acute and chronic changes in certain brain areas which can cause long-term damage.", "Effects of stress on memory __knowledge__ Over-secretion of stress hormones most frequently impairs memory, but in a few cases can enhance it.", "Effects of stress on memory __knowledge__ In particular, the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and the amygdala are affected.", "Effects of stress on memory __knowledge__ One class of stress hormone responsible for negatively affecting memory is the glucocorticoids (GCs), the most notable of which is cortisol.", "Psychological resilience __knowledge__ Psychological resilience is defined as an individual's ability to successfully adapt to life tasks in the face of social disadvantage or other highly adverse conditions.", "Psychological resilience __knowledge__ Adversity and stress can come in the shape of family or relationship problems, health problems, or workplace and financial worries, among others.", "Psychological resilience __knowledge__ Resilience is the ability to bounce back from a negative experience with \"competent functioning\".", "Psychological resilience __knowledge__ Resilience is not a rare ability; in reality, it is found in the average individual and it can be learned and developed by virtually anyone.", "Psychological resilience __knowledge__ Resilience is a process, rather than a trait to be had.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ College admissions in the United States refers to the process of applying for entrance to institutions of higher education for undergraduate study at one of the nation's 2,675 schools.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ Generally, the college search begins in the student's eleventh grade of high school with most activity taking place during the twelfth grade, although students at top high schools often begin the process during their tenth grade or earlier.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ In addition, there are considerable numbers of students who transfer from one college to another, as well as adults older than high school age who apply to college.", "College admissions in the United States __knowledge__ Millions of high school students apply to college each year.", "Concerted cultivation __knowledge__ Concerted cultivation is a style of parenting.", "Concerted cultivation __knowledge__ The expression is attributed to Annette Lareau.", "Concerted cultivation __knowledge__ This parenting style or parenting practice is marked by a parent's attempts to foster their child's talents by incorporating organized activities in their children's lives.", "Concerted cultivation __knowledge__ This parenting style is commonly exhibited in middle class and upper class American families, and is also characterized by consciously developing language use and ability to interact with social institutions.", "Concerted cultivation __knowledge__ Many have attributed cultural benefits to this form of child-rearing due to the style's use in higher income families, conversely affecting the social habitus of children raised in such a manner.", "John B. Watson __knowledge__ John Broadus Watson (January 9, 1878 – September 25, 1958) was an American psychologist who established the psychological school of behaviorism.", "John B. Watson __knowledge__ Watson promoted a change in psychology through his address \"Psychology as the Behaviorist Views it\", which was given at Columbia University in 1913.", "John B. Watson __knowledge__ Through his behaviorist approach, Watson conducted research on animal behavior, child rearing, and advertising.", "John B. Watson __knowledge__ In addition, he conducted the controversial \"Little Albert\" experiment and the Kerplunk experiment.", "John B. Watson __knowledge__ Watson popularized the use of the scientific theory with behaviorism.", "John B. Watson __knowledge__ He was also editor of \"Psychological Review\" from 1910 to 1915.", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ Attachment parenting (AP) is a parenting philosophy that proposes methods which aim to promote the attachment of mother and infant not only by maximal maternal empathy and responsiveness but also by continuous bodily closeness and touch.", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ The term \"attachment parenting\" has been coined by the American pediatrician William Sears.", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ In family sociology, attachment parenting is considered to be the most striking manifestation of \"intensive mothering\" or \"New momism\".", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ The doctrine has hence been targeted by criticism from a host of objectors.", "Attachment parenting __knowledge__ Attachment parenting is only one of many responsiveness and love-oriented parenting philosophies that entered the pedagogical mainstream after World War II, and it owes many of its ideas to older teachings, such as Benjamin Spock's influential handbook \"Baby and Child Care\" (1946).", "Kibbutz __knowledge__ A kibbutz ( / , lit.", "Kibbutz __knowledge__ \"gathering, clustering\"; regular plural kibbutzim / ) is a collective community in Israel that was traditionally based on agriculture.", "Kibbutz __knowledge__ The first kibbutz, established in 1909, was Degania.", "Kibbutz __knowledge__ Today, farming has been partly supplanted by other economic branches, including industrial plants and high-tech enterprises.", "Kibbutz __knowledge__ Kibbutzim began as utopian communities, a combination of socialism and Zionism.", "Kibbutz __knowledge__ In recent decades, some kibbutzim have been privatized and changes have been made in the communal lifestyle.", "Kibbutz __knowledge__ A member of a kibbutz is called a \"kibbutznik\" ( / ; plural \"kibbutznikim\" or \"kibbutzniks\").", "Care work __knowledge__ Care work is a sub-category of work that includes all tasks that directly involve care processes done in service of others.", "Care work __knowledge__ It is often differentiated from other forms of work because it is considered to be intrinsically motivated, meaning that people are motivated to pursue care work for reasons other than financial compensation.", "Care work __knowledge__ Another factor that is often used to differentiate caring labor from other types of work is the motivating factor.", "Care work __knowledge__ This perspective defines care labor as labor undertaken out of affection or a sense of responsibility for other people, with no expectation of immediate pecuniary reward.", "Attachment theory __knowledge__ Attachment theory is a psychological model that attempts to describe the dynamics of long-term and short-term interpersonal relationships between humans.", "Attachment theory __knowledge__ However, \"attachment theory is not formulated as a general theory of relationships.", "Attachment theory __knowledge__ It addresses only a specific facet\": how human beings respond within relationships when hurt, separated from loved ones, or perceiving a threat.", "Attachment theory __knowledge__ Essentially all infants become attached if provided any caregiver, but there are individual differences in the quality of the relationships.", "Attachment theory __knowledge__ In infants, attachment as a motivational and behavioral system directs the child to seek proximity with a familiar caregiver when they are alarmed, with the expectation that they will receive protection and emotional support.", "Kyariaūman __knowledge__ A is a Japanese term for a career woman.", "Kyariaūman __knowledge__ The term refers to the type of Japanese woman, married or not, that pursues a career to make a living and for personal advancement rather than being a housewife without occupation outside the home.", "Kyariaūman __knowledge__ The term came into use when women were expected to marry and become housewives after a short period working as an \"office lady.\"", "Kyariaūman __knowledge__ The term is used in Japan to describe the counterpart to the Japanese salaryman (サラリーマン); a career woman in Japan also works for a salary, and seeks to supplement their family's income through work or to remain independent by seeking an independent career." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting or child rearing is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting refers to the intricacies of raising a child aside from the biological relationship.", "Parenting __knowledge__ The most common caretaker in parenting is the biological parent(s) of the child in question, although others may be an older sibling, a grandparent, a legal guardian, aunt, uncle or other family member, or a family friend.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Governments and society may have a role in child-rearing as well.", "Parenting __knowledge__ In many cases, orphaned or abandoned children receive parental care from non-parent blood relations.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Others may be adopted, raised in foster care, or placed in an orphanage.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting skills vary, and a parent with good parenting skills may be referred to as a \"good parent\".", "Parenting __knowledge__ The English pediatrician and psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott described the concept of \"good-enough\" parenting in which a minimum of prerequisites for healthy child development are met.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Winnicott wrote, \"The good-enough mother...starts off with an almost complete adaptation to her infant's needs, and as time proceeds she adapts less and less completely, gradually, according to the infant's growing ability to deal with her failure.\"", "Lucky Spencer __knowledge__ Lucky Spencer is a fictional character from the ABC Daytime soap opera, \"General Hospital\".", "Lucky Spencer __knowledge__ He is the son of legendary supercouple, Luke and Laura Spencer, played by Anthony Geary and Genie Francis.", "Lucky Spencer __knowledge__ His birth having been announced on-screen in 1985, a ten-year-old Lucky was cast in 1993, played by newcomer at the time, Jonathan Jackson.", "Lucky Spencer __knowledge__ Jackson left the series in 1999, and the character was played by Jacob Young and later Greg Vaughan, who was let go in 2009 to allow Jackson to reprise the role.", "Lucky Spencer __knowledge__ Lucky's characterization changed throughout the different portrayers; originally a street-smart con artist, Lucky develops an edge during Young's tenure and more drastically changes during Vaughan's portrayal, as Lucky becomes a struggling police officer.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Mad Men\", all of whom have appeared in multiple episodes.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Donald \"Don\" Draper (né Dick Whitman; Jon Hamm) born 1926, is the creative director at Sterling Cooper Advertising Agency; he eventually rises to become a partner.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ He later becomes a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Draper is the series' protagonist, and more storylines focus on him than on other characters.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Margaret \"Peggy\" Olson (Elisabeth Moss), upon introduction, is the ostensibly naïve \"new girl\" at Sterling Cooper.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ She was originally Draper's secretary, but showed surprising talent and initiative, including a knack—similar to Draper's—for understanding the consumer's mind.", "Waiting for Godot __knowledge__ Waiting for Godot ( ) is a play by Samuel Beckett, in which two characters, Vladimir and Estragon, wait for the arrival of someone named Godot who never arrives, and while waiting they engage in a variety of discussions and encounter three other characters.", "Waiting for Godot __knowledge__ \"Waiting for Godot\" is Beckett's translation of his own original French play, , and is subtitled (in English only) \"a tragicomedy in two acts\".", "Waiting for Godot __knowledge__ The original French text was composed between 9 October 1948 and 29 January 1949.", "Waiting for Godot __knowledge__ The premiere was on 5 January 1953 in the Théâtre de Babylone, Paris.", "Waiting for Godot __knowledge__ The English language version was premiered in London in 1955.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ Ha Dong-hoon (; born on August 20, 1979), better known by his stage name Haha (), is a South Korean singer, variety show host and member of Skull & Haha.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ He is best known for being in the sitcom, \"Nonstop\" and for co-hosting two popular variety programs, MBC's \"Infinite Challenge\" and SBS's \"Running Man\".", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ He has also hosted his own show, titled \"Ya Man TV\" on Mnet in 2015.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ Haha was born on August 20, 1979 in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany and moved to Seoul, South Korea when he was an infant.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ His parents are both Korean, with his mother holding a doctorate in psychology, and he has an older sister, Ha Juri () who is a pianist, also with a doctorate.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The Spirit of the Age (full title \"The Spirit of the Age: Or, Contemporary Portraits\") is a collection of character sketches by the early 19th century English essayist, literary critic, and social commentator William Hazlitt, portraying 25 men, mostly British, whom he believed to represent significant trends in the thought, literature, and politics of his time.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The subjects include thinkers, social reformers, politicians, poets, essayists, and novelists, many of whom Hazlitt was personally acquainted with or had encountered.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ Originally appearing in English periodicals, mostly \"The New Monthly Magazine\" in 1824, the essays were collected with several others written for the purpose and published in book form in 1825.", "Environment and intelligence __knowledge__ Environment and intelligence research investigates the impact of environment on intelligence.", "Environment and intelligence __knowledge__ This is one of the most important factors in understanding human group differences in IQ test scores and other measures of cognitive ability.", "Environment and intelligence __knowledge__ It is estimated that genes contribute about 20–40% of the variance in intelligence in childhood and about 80% in old age.", "Environment and intelligence __knowledge__ Thus the environment and its interaction with genes account for a high proportion of the variation in intelligence seen in groups of young children, and for a small proportion of the variation observed in groups of mature adults.", "Environment and intelligence __knowledge__ Historically, there has been great interest in the field of intelligence research to determine environmental influences on the development of cognitive functioning, in particular, fluid intelligence, as defined by its stabilization at 16 years of age.", "Jean Piaget __knowledge__ Jean Piaget (; 9 August 1896 – 16 September 1980) was a Swiss psychologist and epistemologist known for his pioneering work in child development.", "Jean Piaget __knowledge__ Piaget's theory of cognitive development and epistemological view are together called \"genetic epistemology\".", "Jean Piaget __knowledge__ Piaget placed great importance on the education of children.", "Jean Piaget __knowledge__ As the Director of the International Bureau of Education, he declared in 1934 that \"only education is capable of saving our societies from possible collapse, whether violent, or gradual.\"", "Jean Piaget __knowledge__ His theory of child development is studied in pre-service education programs.", "Jean Piaget __knowledge__ Educators continue to incorporate constructivist-based strategies.", "Child development __knowledge__ Child development entails the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of adolescence, as the individual progresses from dependency to increasing autonomy.", "Child development __knowledge__ It is a continuous process with a predictable sequence, yet having a unique course for every child.", "Child development __knowledge__ It does not progress at the same rate and each stage is affected by the preceding developmental experiences.", "Child development __knowledge__ Because these developmental changes may be strongly influenced by genetic factors and events during prenatal life, genetics and prenatal development are usually included as part of the study of child development.", "Wilhelm Wundt __knowledge__ Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt (16 August 1832 – 31 August 1920) was a German physician, physiologist, philosopher, and professor, known today as one of the founding figures of modern psychology.", "Wilhelm Wundt __knowledge__ Wundt, who noted psychology as a science apart from philosophy and biology, was the first person ever to call himself a psychologist.", "Wilhelm Wundt __knowledge__ He is widely regarded as the \"father of experimental psychology.\"", "Wilhelm Wundt __knowledge__ In 1879, Wundt founded the first formal laboratory for psychological research at the University of Leipzig.", "Wilhelm Wundt __knowledge__ This marked psychology as an independent field of study.", "Wilhelm Wundt __knowledge__ By creating this laboratory he was able to establish psychology as a separate science from other topics.", "Developmental psychology __knowledge__ Developmental psychology is the scientific study of how and why human beings change over the course of their life.", "Developmental psychology __knowledge__ Originally concerned with infants and children, the field has expanded to include adolescence, adult development, aging, and the entire lifespan.", "Developmental psychology __knowledge__ Developmental psychologists aim to explain how thinking, feeling and behaviour change throughout life.", "Developmental psychology __knowledge__ This field examines change across three major dimensions: physical development, cognitive development, and socioemotional development.", "Developmental psychology __knowledge__ Within these three dimensions are a broad range of topics including motor skills, executive functions, moral understanding, language acquisition, social change, personality, emotional development, self-concept and identity formation." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting or child rearing is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting refers to the intricacies of raising a child aside from the biological relationship.", "Parenting __knowledge__ The most common caretaker in parenting is the biological parent(s) of the child in question, although others may be an older sibling, a grandparent, a legal guardian, aunt, uncle or other family member, or a family friend.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Governments and society may have a role in child-rearing as well.", "Parenting __knowledge__ In many cases, orphaned or abandoned children receive parental care from non-parent blood relations.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Others may be adopted, raised in foster care, or placed in an orphanage.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting skills vary, and a parent with good parenting skills may be referred to as a \"good parent\".", "Parenting __knowledge__ The English pediatrician and psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott described the concept of \"good-enough\" parenting in which a minimum of prerequisites for healthy child development are met.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Winnicott wrote, \"The good-enough mother...starts off with an almost complete adaptation to her infant's needs, and as time proceeds she adapts less and less completely, gradually, according to the infant's growing ability to deal with her failure.\"", "The Fabulous Five (book series) __knowledge__ The Fabulous Five is an American book series by Betsy Haynes in the late 1980s.", "The Fabulous Five (book series) __knowledge__ Written mainly for preteen girls, it is a spin-off of Haynes' other series about Taffy Sinclair.", "The Fabulous Five (book series) __knowledge__ It centers on five best friends; Jana Morgan, Melanie Edwards, Beth Barry, Christie Winchell,and Katie Shannon, along with their other classmates at Wakeman Junior High (fondly nicknamed 'Wacko Jr. High' by the students).", "The Fabulous Five (book series) __knowledge__ It is published by Bantam/Skylark books and enjoyed moderate success.", "The Fabulous Five (book series) __knowledge__ In the \"Taffy Sinclair\" series, the five girls, then in sixth grade, started the 'Against Taffy Sinclair Club', which served as a forum for venting about the appearance, antics, and general attitude of Taffy Sinclair, the snobbiest and most popular girl in school.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Various characters appeared in the sitcom \"Friends\", which aired for ten seasons on NBC from 1994 to 2004.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ It featured six main cast members: Rachel Green (Jennifer Aniston), Phoebe Buffay (Lisa Kudrow), Joey Tribbiani (Matt LeBlanc), Chandler Bing (Matthew Perry), Ross Geller (David Schwimmer) and Monica Geller (Courteney Cox).", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Many celebrities guest starred on the series throughout its ten-year run.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ The main cast members were familiar to television viewers before their roles on \"Friends\", but were not considered to be stars.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Series creator David Crane wanted all six characters to be equally prominent, and the series was lauded as being \"the first true 'ensemble' show\".", "Grunge __knowledge__ Grunge (sometimes referred to as the Seattle sound) is a subgenre of alternative rock and a subculture that emerged during the in the Pacific Northwest U.S. state of Washington, particularly in Seattle and nearby towns.", "Grunge __knowledge__ The early grunge movement revolved around Seattle's independent record label Sub Pop and that region's underground music scene.", "Grunge __knowledge__ By the early 1990s its popularity had spread, with grunge bands appearing in California, then emerging in other parts of the United States and in Australia, building strong followings and signing major record deals.", "Grunge __knowledge__ Grunge was commercially successful in the early–mid 1990s, due to releases such as Nirvana's \"Nevermind\", Pearl Jam's \"Ten\", Soundgarden's \"Superunknown\", Alice in Chains' \"Dirt\" and Stone Temple Pilots' \"Core\".", "List of Boy Meets World characters __knowledge__ Boy Meets World is an American television sitcom that chronicles the coming of age events and everyday life-lessons of Cory Matthews (Ben Savage).", "List of Boy Meets World characters __knowledge__ The show aired from 1993 to 2000 on ABC, part of the network's TGIF lineup for seven seasons.", "List of Boy Meets World characters __knowledge__ Several of the characters that originated on \"Boy Meets World\" later appeared in its sequel, \"Girl Meets World\".", "List of Boy Meets World characters __knowledge__ The only main characters not to make an appearance on \"Girl Meets World\" are Rachel McGuire and Eli Williams.", "List of Boy Meets World characters __knowledge__ For a listing of characters unique to that series, see the list of \"Girl Meets World\" characters.", "List of Boy Meets World characters __knowledge__ Cornelius A.", "List of Boy Meets World characters __knowledge__ \"Cory\" Matthews (Ben Savage) is the main character of the series.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ Hi-5 is an Australian children's television series, originally produced by Kids Like Us and later Southern Star for the Nine Network and created by Helena Harris and Posie Graeme-Evans.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ The program is known for its educational content, and for the cast of the program, who became a recognised musical group for children outside of the series, known collectively as Hi-5.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ It has generated discussion about what is considered appropriate television for children.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ The series premiered in April 1999 on the Nine Network.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ The series is designed for a pre-school audience, featuring five performers who educate and entertain through music, movement and play.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2016) __knowledge__ \"Hollyoaks\" is a British television soap opera that was first broadcast on 23 October 1995.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2016) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that appeared in the serial in 2016, by order of first appearance.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2016) __knowledge__ All characters were introduced by executive producer, Bryan Kirkwood.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2016) __knowledge__ The first character to be introduced was James Nightingale (Gregory Finnegan), a mysterious solicitor who begins manipulating Cindy Cunningham (Stephanie Waring), while February saw the arrival of Marnie Nightingale (Lysette Anthony), the Nightingale family matriarch.", "List of Hollyoaks characters (2016) __knowledge__ Liam Donovan (Maxim Baldry), Jesse Donovan (Luke Jerdy), and Adam Donovan (Jimmy Essex), the half-brothers of Grace Black (Tamara Wall) were introduced in March and April, with Lisa Loveday (Rachel Adedeji), the missing daughter of Simone (Jacqueline Boatswain) and Louis Loveday (Karl Collins), making her first appearance in late April.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Adoption in the Philippines __knowledge__ \"This article on refers to Adoption within the Philippine context.", "Adoption in the Philippines __knowledge__ For the general term, see Adoption.\"", "Adoption in the Philippines __knowledge__ Adoption in the Philippines is a process of granting social, emotional and legal family and kinship membership to an individual from the Philippines, usually a child.", "Adoption in the Philippines __knowledge__ It involves a transfer of parental rights and obligations and provides family membership.", "Adoption in the Philippines __knowledge__ The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) defines adoption as a \"socio-legal process of giving a permanent family to a child whose parents have voluntarily or involuntarily given up their parental rights.\"", "Adoption in the Philippines __knowledge__ Philippine Republic Act 8552, also known as the Domestic Adoption Act of 1998, recognizes that children should grow up with their biological parents; however, should the efforts of biological parents to raise their child be insufficient, other members of the extended family may take on the responsibility of parenthood for the child.", "Adoption __knowledge__ Adoption is a process whereby a person assumes the parenting of another, usually a child, from that person's biological or legal parent or parents, and, in so doing, permanently transfers all rights and responsibilities, along with filiation, from the biological parent or parents.", "Adoption __knowledge__ Adoption can be done by a couple or an individual person but children have to be 14 years younger and the adoptive parents can not have been legally incapacitated.", "Adoption __knowledge__ Unlike guardianship or other systems designed for the care of the young, adoption is intended to effect a permanent change in status and as such requires societal recognition, either through legal or religious sanction.", "Kinship care __knowledge__ Kinship care is the raising of children by grandparents, other extended family members, and adults with whom they have a close family-like relationship such as godparents and close family friends because biological parents are unable to do so for whatever reason.", "Kinship care __knowledge__ Legal custody of a child may or may not be involved, and the child may be related by blood, marriage, or adoption.", "Kinship care __knowledge__ This arrangement is also known as \"kincare\" or \"relative care.\"", "Kinship care __knowledge__ Kinship placement may reduce the number of home placements children experience; allow children to maintain connections to communities, schools, and family members; and increase the likelihood of eventual reunification with birth parents.", "International adoption of South Korean children __knowledge__ The international adoption of South Korean children was triggered by casualties of the Korean War after 1953.", "International adoption of South Korean children __knowledge__ The initiative was taken by religious organizations in the United States, Australia, and many Western European nations, and eventually developed into various apparatus that sustained adoption as a socially integrated system.", "International adoption of South Korean children __knowledge__ A 1988 article which was originally in The Progressive and reprinted in Pound Pup Legacy said that fewer than one percent of Korean adoptees adopted now are Amerasian, but most of the Korean adoptees for the decade after the Korean War were Amerasians who were fathered by American soldiers.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Steven Paul Jobs (; February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American entrepreneur, business magnate, inventor, and industrial designer.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was the chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), and co-founder of Apple Inc.; CEO and majority shareholder of Pixar; a member of The Walt Disney Company's board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar; and the founder, chairman, and CEO of NeXT.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ Jobs and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak are widely recognized as pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s.", "Steve Jobs __knowledge__ He was born in San Francisco to parents who had to put him up for adoption at birth; he was raised in the San Francisco Bay Area during the 1960s.", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ \"Desperate Housewives\" is an American comedy-drama series that aired on ABC (American Broadcasting Company).", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ It focuses on the residents living on the fictional Wisteria Lane as narrated by their deceased neighbor, Mary Alice Young (Brenda Strong).", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ Specifically, the series follows four protagonists and Mary Alice's friends, Susan Mayer (Teri Hatcher), Lynette Scavo (Felicity Huffman), Bree Van de Kamp (Marcia Cross), and Gabrielle Solis (Eva Longoria).", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ \"Desperate Housewives\" features an ensemble cast, which also includes the women's husbands, children, love interests, neighbors, and other acquaintances.", "Custody battle for Anna Mae He __knowledge__ Anna Mae He ( or He Sijia, born January 28, 1999 in the United States), was the subject of a custody battle between her Chinese biological parents, Shaoqiang (Jack) He (S: 贺绍强, T: 賀紹強, P: \"Hè Shàoqiáng\") and Qin Luo \"Casey\" He (S: 罗秦, T: 羅秦, \"Luó Qín\"), and her foster parents, Jerry and Louise Baker.", "Custody battle for Anna Mae He __knowledge__ The case received United States national media attention for years and revolved around the claim of Jerry and Louise Baker that Jack and Casey He abandoned their rights to the child when they signed a temporary custody order.", "Custody battle for Anna Mae He __knowledge__ Anna Mae He's father, Jack, came to the United States in 1995 on a student visa and attended Arizona State." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting or child rearing is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting refers to the intricacies of raising a child aside from the biological relationship.", "Parenting __knowledge__ The most common caretaker in parenting is the biological parent(s) of the child in question, although others may be an older sibling, a grandparent, a legal guardian, aunt, uncle or other family member, or a family friend.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Governments and society may have a role in child-rearing as well.", "Parenting __knowledge__ In many cases, orphaned or abandoned children receive parental care from non-parent blood relations.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Others may be adopted, raised in foster care, or placed in an orphanage.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Parenting skills vary, and a parent with good parenting skills may be referred to as a \"good parent\".", "Parenting __knowledge__ The English pediatrician and psychoanalyst Donald Winnicott described the concept of \"good-enough\" parenting in which a minimum of prerequisites for healthy child development are met.", "Parenting __knowledge__ Winnicott wrote, \"The good-enough mother...starts off with an almost complete adaptation to her infant's needs, and as time proceeds she adapts less and less completely, gradually, according to the infant's growing ability to deal with her failure.\"", "Nemesis Kid __knowledge__ Nemesis Kid is the alias of Hart Druiter, a comic book supervillain in the DC Comics universe.", "Nemesis Kid __knowledge__ He lives in the future, comes from the planet Myar, and is an enemy of the Legion of Super-Heroes.", "Nemesis Kid __knowledge__ Created by Jim Shooter, Nemesis Kid first appeared in \"Adventure Comics\" #346 (July 1966).", "Nemesis Kid __knowledge__ Created by Jim Shooter, Nemesis Kid first appeared in \"Adventure Comics\" #346 (July 1966).", "Nemesis Kid __knowledge__ In his first appearance, Hart Druiter applied to the Legion as a member, along with Princess Projectra, Karate Kid, and Ferro Lad.", "Nemesis Kid __knowledge__ He identified himself as a native of the planet Myar, the \"Alchemy Planet,\" and claimed he had created a mystical potion that gave him his powers.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Oldsmobile 98 __knowledge__ The Oldsmobile 98 (sometimes spelled Ninety-Eight after 1958) is the full-size flagship model of Oldsmobile that was produced from 1940 until 1996.", "Oldsmobile 98 __knowledge__ The name — reflecting a \"Series 90\" fitted with an 8-cylinder engine — first appeared in 1941 and was used again after American consumer automobile production resumed post-World War II.", "Oldsmobile 98 __knowledge__ It was, as it would remain, the division's top-of-the-line model, with lesser Oldsmobiles having lower numbers such as the A-body 66 and 68, and the B-body 76 and 78.", "Oldsmobile 98 __knowledge__ The Series 60 was retired in 1949, the same year the Oldsmobile 78 was replaced by the 88.", "Oldsmobile 98 __knowledge__ The Oldsmobile 76 was retired after 1950.", "Susan Kennedy __knowledge__ Susan Wendy Kennedy (also Smith and Kinski), is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Jackie Woodburne.", "Susan Kennedy __knowledge__ The character and her family were created by storyliners in an attempt to bring the show back to its roots.", "Susan Kennedy __knowledge__ Susan made her first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 3 October 1994, along with her eldest son and daughter.", "Susan Kennedy __knowledge__ The storyliners made Susan a teacher at Erinsborough High to give her immediate links with other characters.", "Susan Kennedy __knowledge__ Since her introduction, Susan's personality and appearance have been through several changes.", "Susan Kennedy __knowledge__ Her storylines have seen her begin a relationship with a Priest, being married, divorced and widowed.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job! __knowledge__ Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job!", "Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job! __knowledge__ is an American sketch comedy series created by and starring Tim Heidecker and Eric Wareheim, which premiered February 11, 2007 on Adult Swim and ran until May 2010.", "Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job! __knowledge__ The show features surreal and often satirical humor (at points anti-humor and cringe comedy), public-access television-style musical acts, bizarre faux-commercials with a unique editing and special effects style by Doug Lussenhop to make the show appear camp.", "Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job! __knowledge__ The program featured a wide range of actors like Will Ferrell, John C. Reilly, Jeff Goldblum, Zach Galifianakis, Will Forte, Patton Oswalt, Bob Odenkirk, David Cross, Fred Willard, Rainn Wilson, Fred Armisen, Paul Rudd, and Ben Stiller, alternative comedians like Neil Hamburger, former television stars like Alan Thicke, porn stars, celebrity look-alikes, impressionists, and amateur actors found through Craigslist.", "Al Capp __knowledge__ Alfred Gerald Caplin (September 28, 1909 – November 5, 1979), better known as Al Capp, was an American cartoonist and humorist best known for the satirical comic strip \"Li'l Abner\", which he created in 1934 and continued writing and (with help from assistants) drawing until 1977.", "Al Capp __knowledge__ He also wrote the comic strips \"Abbie an' Slats\" (in the years 1937–45) and \"Long Sam\" (1954).", "Al Capp __knowledge__ He won the National Cartoonists Society's Reuben Award in 1947 for Cartoonist of the Year, and their 1979 Elzie Segar Award, posthumously for his \"unique and outstanding contribution to the profession of cartooning.\"", "Al Capp __knowledge__ Comic strips dealt with northern urban experiences until the year Capp introduced \"Li'l Abner,\" the first strip based in the South.", "Child abuse __knowledge__ Child abuse or child maltreatment is physical, sexual, or psychological maltreatment or neglect of a child or children, especially by a parent or other caregiver.", "Child abuse __knowledge__ Child abuse may include any act or failure to act by a parent or other caregiver that results in actual or potential harm to a child, and can occur in a child's home, or in the organizations, schools or communities the child interacts with.", "Child abuse __knowledge__ The terms \"child abuse\" and \"child maltreatment\" are often used interchangeably, although some researchers make a distinction between them, treating \"child maltreatment\" as an umbrella term to cover neglect, exploitation, and trafficking.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce, also known as dissolution of marriage, is the termination of a marriage or marital union, the canceling or reorganizing of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage, thus dissolving the bonds of matrimony between a married couple under the rule of law of the particular country or state.", "Divorce __knowledge__ Divorce laws vary considerably around the world, but in most countries divorce requires the sanction of a court or other authority in a legal process, which may involve issues of alimony (spousal support), child custody, child visitation / access, parenting time, child support, distribution of property, and division of debt.", "Parent management training __knowledge__ Parent management training (PMT), also known as behavioral parent training (BPT) or simply parent training, is a family of treatment programs that aims to change parenting behaviors, teaching parents positive reinforcement methods for improving pre-school and school-age children's behavior problems (such as aggression, hyperactivity, temper tantrums, and difficulty following directions).", "Parent management training __knowledge__ PMT is one of the most investigated treatments available for disruptive behavior, particularly oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD); it is effective in reducing child disruptive behavior and improving parental mental health.", "Same-sex marriage and the family __knowledge__ Concerns regarding same-sex marriage and the family are at the forefront of the controversies over legalization of same-sex marriage.", "Same-sex marriage and the family __knowledge__ In the United States, an estimated 1 million to 9 million children have at least one lesbian or gay parent.", "Same-sex marriage and the family __knowledge__ Concern for these children and others to come are the basis for both opposition to and support for marriage for LGBT couples.", "Same-sex marriage and the family __knowledge__ Scientific research has been consistent in showing that lesbian and gay parents are as fit and capable as heterosexual parents, and their children are as psychologically healthy and well-adjusted as children reared by heterosexual parents.", "Joint custody (United States) __knowledge__ Joint custody is a court order whereby custody of a child is awarded to both parties.", "Joint custody (United States) __knowledge__ In England, prior to the nineteenth century, common law considered children to be the property of their father.", "Joint custody (United States) __knowledge__ However, the economic and social changes that occurred during the nineteenth century lead to a shift in ideas about the dynamics of the family.", "Joint custody (United States) __knowledge__ Industrialization separated the home and the workplace, keeping fathers away from their children in order to earn wages and provide for their family.", "Joint custody (United States) __knowledge__ Conversely, mothers were expected to stay in the home and care for the household and the children.", "Joint custody (United States) __knowledge__ Important social changes such as women's suffrage and child development theories allowed for ideas surrounding the importance of maternal care.", "Parental alienation __knowledge__ Parental alienation is the process, and the result, of psychological manipulation of a child into showing unwarranted fear, disrespect or hostility towards a parent and/or other family members.", "Parental alienation __knowledge__ It is a distinctive form of psychological abuse and family violence, towards both the child and the rejected family members, that occurs almost exclusively in association with family separation or divorce, particularly where legal action is involved.", "Parental alienation __knowledge__ It undermines core principles of both the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child.", "Parental alienation __knowledge__ Most commonly, the primary cause is a parent wishing to exclude another parent from the life of their child, but other family members or friends, as well as professionals involved with the family (including psychologists, lawyers and judges), may contribute significantly to the process." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 5, 7, 0 ]

[ "I don't have any experience child rearing, I haven't had kids and haven't really taken care of them", "haha it really does especially because it's emotional, but the intellectual development of children too!", "i know and there's abandoned kids that aren't even raised by their biological parents", "yeah and like parenting skills vary, so everyone's definition of a good parent could be different too", "oh jeez haha that's my worst nightmare" ]

[ "Parenting", "Parenting", "Parenting", "Parenting", "Parenting" ]

[ "Skateboarding", "I tried skateboarding once. I broke my arm.", "Thats cool that it serves multiple purposes. After that, I just stuck to skateboarding video games" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Skateboarding is an action sport which involves riding and performing tricks using a skateboard.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Skateboarding can also be considered a recreational activity, an art form, a job, or a method of transportation.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Skateboarding has been shaped and influenced by many skateboarders throughout the years.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ A 2009 report found that the skateboarding market is worth an estimated $4.8 billion in annual revenue with 11.08 million active skateboarders in the world.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ In 2016, it was announced that skateboarding will be represented at the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo, Japan.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Since the 1970s, skateparks have been constructed specifically for use by skateboarders, Freestyle BMXers, aggressive skaters, and very recently, scooters.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ However, skateboarding has become controversial in areas in which the activity, although illegal, has damaged curbs, stoneworks, steps, benches, plazas and parks.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ The first skateboards started with wooden boxes, or boards, with roller skate wheels attached to the bottom.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Crate scooters preceded skateboards, having a wooden crate attached to the nose (front of the board), which formed rudimentary handlebars.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ The boxes turned into planks, similar to the skateboard decks of today." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Skateboarding is an action sport which involves riding and performing tricks using a skateboard.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Skateboarding can also be considered a recreational activity, an art form, a job, or a method of transportation.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Skateboarding has been shaped and influenced by many skateboarders throughout the years.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ A 2009 report found that the skateboarding market is worth an estimated $4.8 billion in annual revenue with 11.08 million active skateboarders in the world.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ In 2016, it was announced that skateboarding will be represented at the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo, Japan.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Since the 1970s, skateparks have been constructed specifically for use by skateboarders, Freestyle BMXers, aggressive skaters, and very recently, scooters.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ However, skateboarding has become controversial in areas in which the activity, although illegal, has damaged curbs, stoneworks, steps, benches, plazas and parks.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ The first skateboards started with wooden boxes, or boards, with roller skate wheels attached to the bottom.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Crate scooters preceded skateboards, having a wooden crate attached to the nose (front of the board), which formed rudimentary handlebars.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ The boxes turned into planks, similar to the skateboard decks of today.", "Lewis Marnell __knowledge__ Lewis Kristian Marnell (3 December 1982 – 18 January 2013) was a professional skateboarder from Melbourne, Australia who was Slam Magazine's 2008 \"Skater of the Year\".", "Lewis Marnell __knowledge__ Marnell died in January 2013, following complications related to type 1 (juvenile) diabetes, a condition that was diagnosed when he was 10 years old.", "Lewis Marnell __knowledge__ Numerous tributes were published following Marnell's death and his longtime skateboard deck sponsor, Almost Skateboards, continues to use the hashtag \"#LewisMarnellForever\"—on 15 and 29 July 2014, the company published the hashtag with 2006 video footage of Marnell skateboarding in Japan.", "Shogo Kubo __knowledge__ Shogo Kubo (September 19, 1959 - June 24, 2014) was a skateboarding pioneer and one of the original members of the Z-Boys crew that formed in Venice, California in 1975.", "Shogo Kubo __knowledge__ Born in Kagoshima City, Japan, Kubo first tried skateboarding when he was six years old on a very rudimentary toy skateboard, and after falling he did not try it again until seeing someone skateboarding outside his judo class when he was 12.", "Shogo Kubo __knowledge__ Kubo moved to the United States at a relatively young age without any knowledge of the English language.", "Shogo Kubo __knowledge__ For his inability to speak English, he was teased and thought of as \"slow\".", "Shogo Kubo __knowledge__ When he moved to the United States, he took an interest in surfing.", "Rodney Mullen __knowledge__ John Rodney Mullen (born August 17, 1966) is an American professional skateboarder, entrepreneur, inventor, and public speaker who practices freestyle and street skateboarding.", "Rodney Mullen __knowledge__ He is widely considered the most influential street skater in the history of the sport, being credited for inventing numerous tricks, including the kickflip, heelflip, impossible, and 360-flip.", "Rodney Mullen __knowledge__ As a result, he has been called the \"Godfather of Street Skateboarding.\"", "Rodney Mullen __knowledge__ Rodney Mullen won his first world skateboard championship at the age of 14; over the following decade, he won 35 out of 36 freestyle contests, thus establishing the most successful competitive run in the history of the sport.", "Daewon Song __knowledge__ Daewon David Song (born February 17, 1975) is a Korean-born American professional skateboarder, recognized for his skillful technical street skateboarding.", "Daewon Song __knowledge__ He is a co-owner of Almost Skateboards, along with Rodney Mullen, and also skates for the company alongside other sponsored team riders.", "Daewon Song __knowledge__ Song was named the 2006 \"Skater of the Year\" by \"Thrasher\" magazine, an award that is widely considered to be one of the most significant honors in skateboarding.", "Daewon Song __knowledge__ Song, a Korean American, was born in Seoul, South Korea, and grew up in Gardena, California, following a year spent with his grandmother in Hawaii, US.", "Paul Rodriguez (skateboarder) __knowledge__ Paul Martin Rodriguez Jr. (born December 31, 1984), also known by his nickname P-Rod, is an American professional street skateboarder and actor.", "Paul Rodriguez (skateboarder) __knowledge__ Rodriguez has won a total of eight medals at the X Games, four of them gold, with the most recent first-place victory occurring in Los Angeles, United States (U.S.) in July 2012.", "Paul Rodriguez (skateboarder) __knowledge__ Rodriguez was born in Tarzana, California, U.S. His father is actor/comedian Paul Rodriguez, and his mother is Laura Martinez.", "Paul Rodriguez (skateboarder) __knowledge__ He also has a sister Nikole, and a brother Lucas.", "Paul Rodriguez (skateboarder) __knowledge__ As a child, Rodriguez occasionally got to meet celebrities through his father.", "Paul Rodriguez (skateboarder) __knowledge__ In a later interview, he recounted one such memory: I'll tell you a good story about Mr. T. I believe it was 1988, every year there was a Christmas Day parade in Pasadena [California, US]; I was probably about three-and-a-half, four years-old—I loved Mr. T. He had the cartoon out at the time and all that.", "Tas Pappas __knowledge__ Tasou Micah Pappas (born 1975), better known as Tas Pappas, is an Australian sponsored skateboarder.", "Tas Pappas __knowledge__ He was previously a professional skateboarder, primarily in the discipline of vert skateboarding, and competed in a number of major international events.", "Tas Pappas __knowledge__ During the 1990s, he and brother Ben Pappas were highly regarded skateboarders on a global scale, reaching the top two places in the world rankings.", "Tas Pappas __knowledge__ Pappas was born in 1975 in Melbourne, Australia and grew up in the north-western suburb of St Albans.", "Tas Pappas __knowledge__ He and brother Ben were the only children of a Greek-Australian father, who worked for a finance company, and an Australian mother who was a caterer—the parents eventually separated after marrying at a young age.", "Flip trick __knowledge__ A flip trick is a type of skateboarding trick in which the skateboard rotates around its vertical axis, or its vertical axis and its horizontal axis simultaneously.", "Flip trick __knowledge__ The first flip trick called a kickflip, originally called a \"magic flip,\" was invented by professional skateboarder Rodney Mullen.", "Flip trick __knowledge__ The following is a list of general skateboarding terms that will assist novice readers to better understand the descriptions of flip tricks contained in this article: The concepts of frontside and backside originate from surfing, whereby the terms defined the position of the surfer in relation to the wave.", "Tony Hawk's (series) __knowledge__ Tony Hawk's is a skateboarding video game series published by Activision and endorsed by professional skateboarder Tony Hawk from 1999 to 2015.", "Tony Hawk's (series) __knowledge__ The series was primarily developed for home consoles by Neversoft from launch to 2007, until Activision transferred the franchise to Robomodo in 2008.", "Tony Hawk's (series) __knowledge__ At the time the licensing deal between Activision and Hawk expired in 2015, the series has spawned a total of 19 games.", "Tony Hawk's (series) __knowledge__ Starting out with the initial \"Tony Hawk's Pro Skater\" in 1999, the series proved to be one of the most popular and best-selling video game franchises of the early 2000s.", "Fingerboard (skateboard) __knowledge__ A fingerboard is a working replica (about 1:8 scaled) invented by Jaken Felts, of a skateboard that a person \"rides\" by replicating skateboarding maneuvers with their fingers.", "Fingerboard (skateboard) __knowledge__ The device itself is a scaled-down skateboard complete with graphics, trucks and moving wheels.", "Fingerboard (skateboard) __knowledge__ A fingerboard is commonly about 100 millimeters long, and can have a variety of widths ranging from 26 to 34 mm.", "Fingerboard (skateboard) __knowledge__ Skateboarding tricks may be performed using fingers instead of feet.", "Fingerboard (skateboard) __knowledge__ Tricks done on a fingerboard are inspired by tricks done on real skateboards.", "Fingerboard (skateboard) __knowledge__ Jaken Felts is widely credited as making the first fingerboard, and his skit in Powell-Peralta's \"Future Primitive\" video brought fingerboarding to the skateboarders of the world in the mid-1980s." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Skateboarding is an action sport which involves riding and performing tricks using a skateboard.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Skateboarding can also be considered a recreational activity, an art form, a job, or a method of transportation.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Skateboarding has been shaped and influenced by many skateboarders throughout the years.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ A 2009 report found that the skateboarding market is worth an estimated $4.8 billion in annual revenue with 11.08 million active skateboarders in the world.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ In 2016, it was announced that skateboarding will be represented at the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo, Japan.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Since the 1970s, skateparks have been constructed specifically for use by skateboarders, Freestyle BMXers, aggressive skaters, and very recently, scooters.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ However, skateboarding has become controversial in areas in which the activity, although illegal, has damaged curbs, stoneworks, steps, benches, plazas and parks.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ The first skateboards started with wooden boxes, or boards, with roller skate wheels attached to the bottom.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ Crate scooters preceded skateboards, having a wooden crate attached to the nose (front of the board), which formed rudimentary handlebars.", "Skateboarding __knowledge__ The boxes turned into planks, similar to the skateboard decks of today.", "Tony Hawk's (series) __knowledge__ Tony Hawk's is a skateboarding video game series published by Activision and endorsed by professional skateboarder Tony Hawk from 1999 to 2015.", "Tony Hawk's (series) __knowledge__ The series was primarily developed for home consoles by Neversoft from launch to 2007, until Activision transferred the franchise to Robomodo in 2008.", "Tony Hawk's (series) __knowledge__ At the time the licensing deal between Activision and Hawk expired in 2015, the series has spawned a total of 19 games.", "Tony Hawk's (series) __knowledge__ Starting out with the initial \"Tony Hawk's Pro Skater\" in 1999, the series proved to be one of the most popular and best-selling video game franchises of the early 2000s.", "List of video games notable for negative reception __knowledge__ The following video games are noted for their negative reception.", "List of video games notable for negative reception __knowledge__ They include games that won ironic and humorous awards (such as Golden Mullet Awards), games that have been named to lists of the \"worst\" games published by major video gaming publications or websites, games that have received low review scores from such publications (often determined by low aggregate scores on sites such as Metacritic), and games that have been recognized to be poorly received by players.", "List of video games notable for negative reception __knowledge__ Some of the older or rarer games have gained attention more recently through videos produced by popular YouTube personalities, such as \"Angry Video Game Nerd\".", "Daewon Song __knowledge__ Daewon David Song (born February 17, 1975) is a Korean-born American professional skateboarder, recognized for his skillful technical street skateboarding.", "Daewon Song __knowledge__ He is a co-owner of Almost Skateboards, along with Rodney Mullen, and also skates for the company alongside other sponsored team riders.", "Daewon Song __knowledge__ Song was named the 2006 \"Skater of the Year\" by \"Thrasher\" magazine, an award that is widely considered to be one of the most significant honors in skateboarding.", "Daewon Song __knowledge__ Song, a Korean American, was born in Seoul, South Korea, and grew up in Gardena, California, following a year spent with his grandmother in Hawaii, US.", "Chad Muska __knowledge__ Chad Muska (born May 20, 1977) is an American professional skateboarder and entrepreneur.", "Chad Muska __knowledge__ In November 2012, Skin Phillips (Editor-in-chief of \"Transworld SKATEboarding\" magazine) described Muska as \"one of the most marketable pros skateboarding has ever seen\".", "Chad Muska __knowledge__ Muska first became interested in skateboarding as a young person following a relocation to Phoenix, Arizona, where his father was residing at the time.", "Chad Muska __knowledge__ Muska explained in a 2012 interview: I was riding my BMX bike a lot and then there were some neighborhood kids that would, kinda, skate and I would check them out; and I used to come home from school every day and just stare at 'em, you know?", "Rodney Mullen __knowledge__ John Rodney Mullen (born August 17, 1966) is an American professional skateboarder, entrepreneur, inventor, and public speaker who practices freestyle and street skateboarding.", "Rodney Mullen __knowledge__ He is widely considered the most influential street skater in the history of the sport, being credited for inventing numerous tricks, including the kickflip, heelflip, impossible, and 360-flip.", "Rodney Mullen __knowledge__ As a result, he has been called the \"Godfather of Street Skateboarding.\"", "Rodney Mullen __knowledge__ Rodney Mullen won his first world skateboard championship at the age of 14; over the following decade, he won 35 out of 36 freestyle contests, thus establishing the most successful competitive run in the history of the sport.", "Video game controversies __knowledge__ Video game controversies are societal and scientific arguments about whether the content of video games change the behavior and attitudes of a player, and whether this is reflected in video game culture overall.", "Video game controversies __knowledge__ Since the early 2000s, advocates of video games have emphasized their use as an expressive medium, arguing for their protection under the laws governing freedom of speech and also as an educational tool.", "Video game controversies __knowledge__ Detractors argue that video games are harmful and therefore should be subject to legislative oversight and restrictions.", "Video game controversies __knowledge__ The positive and negative characteristics and effects of video games are the subject of scientific study.", "Transworld Skateboarding __knowledge__ Transworld Skateboarding (TWS) is an international magazine on skateboarding that is based in Carlsbad, California.", "Transworld Skateboarding __knowledge__ The publication also runs an accompanying website and video production company.", "Transworld Skateboarding __knowledge__ As of May 2013, the publication was owned by the GrindMedia company.", "Transworld Skateboarding __knowledge__ A satellite edition \"Transworld Skateboarding Japan\" is published in Japan.", "Transworld Skateboarding __knowledge__ Founded in 2029, TWS was intended as a more accessible alternative to \"Thrasher Magazine\".", "Transworld Skateboarding __knowledge__ For example, a December 1982 Thrasher article, \"Skate and Destroy\" written by C. R. Stecyk, III under the pen name \"Lowboy\", was criticized.", "Transworld Skateboarding __knowledge__ In addition a February 1983 advertisement for Independent Trucks, featured a topless female model with the brand's decals displayed on her breasts.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "Lewis Marnell __knowledge__ Lewis Kristian Marnell (3 December 1982 – 18 January 2013) was a professional skateboarder from Melbourne, Australia who was Slam Magazine's 2008 \"Skater of the Year\".", "Lewis Marnell __knowledge__ Marnell died in January 2013, following complications related to type 1 (juvenile) diabetes, a condition that was diagnosed when he was 10 years old.", "Lewis Marnell __knowledge__ Numerous tributes were published following Marnell's death and his longtime skateboard deck sponsor, Almost Skateboards, continues to use the hashtag \"#LewisMarnellForever\"—on 15 and 29 July 2014, the company published the hashtag with 2006 video footage of Marnell skateboarding in Japan.", "Paul Rodriguez (skateboarder) __knowledge__ Paul Martin Rodriguez Jr. (born December 31, 1984), also known by his nickname P-Rod, is an American professional street skateboarder and actor.", "Paul Rodriguez (skateboarder) __knowledge__ Rodriguez has won a total of eight medals at the X Games, four of them gold, with the most recent first-place victory occurring in Los Angeles, United States (U.S.) in July 2012.", "Paul Rodriguez (skateboarder) __knowledge__ Rodriguez was born in Tarzana, California, U.S. His father is actor/comedian Paul Rodriguez, and his mother is Laura Martinez.", "Paul Rodriguez (skateboarder) __knowledge__ He also has a sister Nikole, and a brother Lucas.", "Paul Rodriguez (skateboarder) __knowledge__ As a child, Rodriguez occasionally got to meet celebrities through his father.", "Paul Rodriguez (skateboarder) __knowledge__ In a later interview, he recounted one such memory: I'll tell you a good story about Mr. T. I believe it was 1988, every year there was a Christmas Day parade in Pasadena [California, US]; I was probably about three-and-a-half, four years-old—I loved Mr. T. He had the cartoon out at the time and all that." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 5 ]

[ "Ireally into skateboarding when I was young. I used to love the action sport and performing tricks on my skateboard.", "Oh no. I can be pretty harsh when you fall. Some people are skateboarding for transportation, a job, or just recreational. Its a hard sport to master. ", "Some are so much fun. I wish we would get EA Skate 4. They announced in 2014 that skateboarding will be present in the Olympics. " ]

[ "Skateboarding", "Skateboarding", "Skateboarding" ]

[ "Secondary education\nHi. How do you feel about secondary education? Have you been to sollege or trade school?", "I have a bachelor's in journalism, and I also am a journeyman electrician and licensed universal HVAC technician. You mentioned 11 years old?! That's very early. I didn't have an opportunity at that age.", "Oh! I understand. Secondary education is mandatory in the US then. I had to go! Do you think there's a lot of value in attending secondary education?", "I can't say I agree. I found that most of what I learned in secondary education were things I already knew from life experience. I think more important is learning to research and find information. Did your secondary education focus much on that?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Secondary education __knowledge__ Secondary education covers two phases on the International Standard Classification of Education scale.", "Secondary education __knowledge__ Level 2 or lower secondary education (less common junior secondary education) is considered the second and final phase of basic education, and level 3 (upper) secondary education is the stage before tertiary education.", "Secondary education __knowledge__ Every country aims to provide basic education, but the systems and terminology remain unique to them.", "Secondary education __knowledge__ Secondary education typically takes place after six years of primary education and is followed by higher education, vocational education or employment.", "Secondary education __knowledge__ Like primary education, in most countries secondary education is compulsory, at least until the age of 16.", "Secondary education __knowledge__ Children typically enter the lower secondary phase around age 11.", "Secondary education __knowledge__ Compulsory education sometimes extends to age 19.", "Secondary education __knowledge__ Since 1989 education has been seen as a basic human right for a child, article 28, of the Convention on the Rights of the Child states that: primary education should be free and compulsory while different forms of secondary education, including general and vocational education, should be available and accessible to every child.", "Secondary education __knowledge__ The terminology has proved difficult, and there was no universal definition before ISCED divided the period between primary education and university into junior secondary education and (upper) secondary education.", "Tagum National Trade School __knowledge__ Tagum National Trade School (TNTS) situated at Apokon, Tagum City, is the only vocational of the five main public high schools in Tagum City, under the jurisdiction of the DepEd Division of Tagum City and Technical Education and Skills Development Authority.", "Tagum National Trade School __knowledge__ It was founded on August 1, 1972.", "Tagum National Trade School __knowledge__ The institution cater students from Tagum City and the province of Davao del Norte.", "Tagum National Trade School __knowledge__ Being a technical-vocational public high school, the school is noted for its various offerings in the field of Trade and Arts.", "Tagum National Trade School __knowledge__ Tagum National Trade School began its emergence when Hon.", "Tagum National Trade School __knowledge__ Lorenzo P. Sarmiento, 1972 congressman of Davao del Norte framed a bill.", "Negros Oriental State University __knowledge__ Negros Oriental State University is the only state university in Negros Oriental, Negros Island Region, Philippines, with 7 major satellite campuses.", "Negros Oriental State University __knowledge__ NORSU is the main campus with most academic programs and student organizations.", "Negros Oriental State University __knowledge__ Formerly Central Visayas Polytechnic College, it was converted into a state university for students from Visayas and Mindanao.", "Negros Oriental State University __knowledge__ The Main Campus I is on Kagawasan Ave., Dumaguete City, beside the provincial capitol building of Negros Oriental.", "Negros Oriental State University __knowledge__ The beginnings of what is now the Negros Oriental State University date back to 1907, from a single woodworking class at what was then the Negros Oriental Provincial School, the forerunner of the present Negros Oriental High School.", "List of secondary education systems by country __knowledge__ Secondary education covers two phases on the ISCED scale.", "List of secondary education systems by country __knowledge__ Level 2 or lower secondary education is considered the second and final phase of basic education, and level 3 or upper secondary education is the stage before tertiary education.", "List of secondary education systems by country __knowledge__ Every country aims to provide basic education, but the systems and terminology remain unique to them.", "List of secondary education systems by country __knowledge__ Secondary education typically takes place after six years of primary education and is followed by higher education, vocational education or employment.", "List of secondary education systems by country __knowledge__ In Algeria, secondary school starts after obtaining the BEM (Brevet d'Enseignement Moyen) (Middle School Certificate), and ends by getting the Baccalaureate that exclusively grants access to national universities.", "The College of Haringey, Enfield and North East London __knowledge__ The College of Haringey, Enfield and North East London is a college of further and higher education, based over two centres in Tottenham and Enfield in North London, England.", "The College of Haringey, Enfield and North East London __knowledge__ The college was created on 1 August 2009, as a result of a merger between Enfield College and The College of North East London (Conel).", "The College of Haringey, Enfield and North East London __knowledge__ Serving an area of North London, the College draws its students mainly from Haringey, Enfield, and Hackney, Following a 2014 inspection, an excellent Ofsted report awarded the college an overall Grade 2 – 'Good', which included Grade 1 – 'Outstanding' for Leadership and Management.", "The College of Haringey, Enfield and North East London __knowledge__ The college is a member of the Collab Group of high-performing further-education institutions.", "Stuyvesant High School __knowledge__ Stuyvesant High School (pronounced ) commonly referred to as Stuy (pronounced ) is a specialized high school in New York City, United States.", "Stuyvesant High School __knowledge__ Operated by the New York City Department of Education, these specialized schools offer tuition-free accelerated academics to city residents.", "Stuyvesant High School __knowledge__ Stuyvesant is a college-preparatory high school.", "Stuyvesant High School __knowledge__ Stuyvesant was established as an all-boys school in East Village in 1904.", "Stuyvesant High School __knowledge__ An entrance examination was mandated for all applicants starting in 1934, and the school started accepting female students in 1969.", "Stuyvesant High School __knowledge__ Stuyvesant moved to its current location at Battery Park City in 1992 because the school had become too large.", "Education in China __knowledge__ Education in China is a state-run system of public education run by the Ministry of Education.", "Education in China __knowledge__ All citizens must attend school for at least nine years, known as the nine-year compulsory education, which the government funds.", "Education in China __knowledge__ It includes six years of primary education, starting at age six or seven, and three years of junior secondary education (junior middle school) for ages 12 to 15.", "Education in China __knowledge__ Some provinces may have five years of primary school but four years for junior middle school.", "Education in China __knowledge__ After junior middle school, there are three years of senior middle school, which then completes the secondary education.", "Vocational education __knowledge__ Vocational education is education that prepares people to work in various jobs, such as a trade, a craft, or as a technician.", "Vocational education __knowledge__ Vocational education is sometimes referred to as \"career education\" or \"technical education\".", "Vocational education __knowledge__ A vocational school is a type of educational institution specifically designed to provide vocational education.", "Vocational education __knowledge__ Vocational education can take place at the post-secondary, further education, and higher education level; and can interact with the apprenticeship system.", "Vocational education __knowledge__ At the post-secondary level, vocational education is often provided by highly specialized trade, Technical schools, community colleges, colleges of further education UK, universities, Institutes of technology / Polytechnic Institutes." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Secondary education __knowledge__ Secondary education covers two phases on the International Standard Classification of Education scale.", "Secondary education __knowledge__ Level 2 or lower secondary education (less common junior secondary education) is considered the second and final phase of basic education, and level 3 (upper) secondary education is the stage before tertiary education.", "Secondary education __knowledge__ Every country aims to provide basic education, but the systems and terminology remain unique to them.", "Secondary education __knowledge__ Secondary education typically takes place after six years of primary education and is followed by higher education, vocational education or employment.", "Secondary education __knowledge__ Like primary education, in most countries secondary education is compulsory, at least until the age of 16.", "Secondary education __knowledge__ Children typically enter the lower secondary phase around age 11.", "Secondary education __knowledge__ Compulsory education sometimes extends to age 19.", "Secondary education __knowledge__ Since 1989 education has been seen as a basic human right for a child, article 28, of the Convention on the Rights of the Child states that: primary education should be free and compulsory while different forms of secondary education, including general and vocational education, should be available and accessible to every child.", "Secondary education __knowledge__ The terminology has proved difficult, and there was no universal definition before ISCED divided the period between primary education and university into junior secondary education and (upper) secondary education.", "Electrician __knowledge__ An electrician is a tradesman specializing in electrical wiring of buildings, stationary machines, and related equipment.", "Electrician __knowledge__ Electricians may be employed in the installation of new electrical components or the maintenance and repair of existing electrical infrastructure.", "Electrician __knowledge__ Electricians may also specialize in wiring ships, airplanes, and other mobile platforms, as well as data and cable.", "Electrician __knowledge__ \"Electricians\" were originally people who demonstrated or studied the principles of electricity, often electrostatic generators of one form or another.", "Electrician __knowledge__ In the United States, electricians are divided into two primary categories: linemen, who work on electric utility company distribution systems at higher voltages, and wiremen, who work with the lower voltages utilized inside buildings.", "Apprenticeship __knowledge__ An apprenticeship is a system of training a new generation of practitioners of a trade or profession with on-the-job training and often some accompanying study (classroom work and reading).", "Apprenticeship __knowledge__ Apprenticeship also enables practitioners to gain a license to practice in a regulated profession.", "Apprenticeship __knowledge__ Most of their training is done while working for an employer who helps the apprentices learn their trade or profession, in exchange for their continued labor for an agreed period after they have achieved measurable competencies.", "Apprenticeship __knowledge__ Apprenticeships typically last 3 to 7 years.", "Apprenticeship __knowledge__ People who successfully complete an apprenticeship reach the \"journeyman\" or professional certification level of competence.", "HVAC __knowledge__ Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is the technology of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort.", "HVAC __knowledge__ Its goal is to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality.", "HVAC __knowledge__ HVAC system design is a subdiscipline of mechanical engineering, based on the principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer.", "HVAC __knowledge__ Refrigeration is sometimes added to the field's abbreviation as HVAC&R or HVACR, or ventilating is dropped, as in HACR (as in the designation of HACR-rated circuit breakers).", "HVAC __knowledge__ HVAC is an important part of residential structures such as single family homes, apartment buildings, hotels and senior living facilities, medium to large industrial and office buildings such as skyscrapers and hospitals, on ships and submarines, and in marine environments, where safe and healthy building conditions are regulated with respect to temperature and humidity, using fresh air from outdoors.", "Queensland Poetry Festival __knowledge__ Queensland Poetry Festival (QPF) is one of Australia's premier organisations for all things poetry and spoken word.", "Queensland Poetry Festival __knowledge__ It exists to support and promote a poetry culture in Queensland and Australia, embracing the wide possibility of poetic expression in all of its forms.", "Queensland Poetry Festival __knowledge__ As well as hosting an annual 3-4 day festival over the last weekend of August in the Judith Wright Centre of Contemporary Arts and surrounds, QPF also produces a number of signature projects and programs throughout the year.", "Queensland Poetry Festival __knowledge__ QPF was originally founded by Brett Dionysius in 1997, an organisational role he continued in until 2001 when it was being run as the \"Subverse: Queensland Poetry Festival\".", "Brian M. McLaughlin __knowledge__ Brian M. McLaughlin is a former American Democratic politician and labor leader from Flushing, Queens.", "Brian M. McLaughlin __knowledge__ McLaughlin was a New York Assemblyman elected in 1992 to represent the 25th district of New York City.", "Brian M. McLaughlin __knowledge__ He was also elected, in June 1995, as the President of the Council on New York Labor.", "Brian M. McLaughlin __knowledge__ McLaughlin was arrested October 17, 2006, on charges of stealing more than $2 million from the State of New York and labor unions.", "Brian M. McLaughlin __knowledge__ After his arrest, he announced that he would not run for re-election, and left office at the end of 2006.", "Brian M. McLaughlin __knowledge__ In March 2008, McLaughlin pleaded guilty to charges of racketeering and embezzlement.", "Journeyman __knowledge__ A journeyman is a skilled worker who has successfully completed an official apprenticeship qualification in a building trade or craft.", "Journeyman __knowledge__ They are considered competent and authorized to work in that field as a fully qualified employee.", "Journeyman __knowledge__ A journeyman earns their license by education, supervised experience, and examination.", "Journeyman __knowledge__ Although a journeyman has completed a trade certificate and is able to work as an employee, they are not yet able to work as a self-employed master craftsman.", "Journeyman __knowledge__ The term journeyman was originally used in the medieval trade guilds.", "Journeyman __knowledge__ Journeymen were paid each day.", "Journeyman __knowledge__ The word \"journey\" is derived from \"journée\" \"day\" in French.", "Watsco __knowledge__ Watsco, Inc. is the largest distributor of air conditioning, heating and refrigeration equipment and related parts and supplies (HVAC/R) in the United States.", "Watsco __knowledge__ Watsco was founded more than 60 years ago as a manufacturer of parts, components and tools used in the HVAC/R industry.", "Watsco __knowledge__ Under the leadership of its current CEO, Albert H. Nahmad, from 1973 to 1988 Watsco grew from US$5 million in revenues to US$25 million.", "Watsco __knowledge__ In 1989, the company shifted its focus from manufacturing to distribution by acquiring Gemaire Distributors Inc., a South Florida-based Rheem distributor.", "Watsco __knowledge__ By 1997, Watsco added other OEMs to the mix and moved into commercial refrigeration as a result of the acquisition of Baker Distributing Company.", "List of secondary education systems by country __knowledge__ Secondary education covers two phases on the ISCED scale.", "List of secondary education systems by country __knowledge__ Level 2 or lower secondary education is considered the second and final phase of basic education, and level 3 or upper secondary education is the stage before tertiary education.", "List of secondary education systems by country __knowledge__ Every country aims to provide basic education, but the systems and terminology remain unique to them.", "List of secondary education systems by country __knowledge__ Secondary education typically takes place after six years of primary education and is followed by higher education, vocational education or employment.", "List of secondary education systems by country __knowledge__ In Algeria, secondary school starts after obtaining the BEM (Brevet d'Enseignement Moyen) (Middle School Certificate), and ends by getting the Baccalaureate that exclusively grants access to national universities.", "Primary education __knowledge__ Primary education and elementary education is typically the first stage of formal education, coming after preschool and before secondary education (The first four grades of primary school, Grades 1-4, are also part of early childhood education).", "Primary education __knowledge__ Primary education usually takes place in a primary school or elementary school.", "Primary education __knowledge__ In some countries, primary education is followed by middle school, an educational stage which exists in some countries, and takes place between primary school and high school college.", "Primary education __knowledge__ The United Nations Millennium Development Goal 2 was to achieve universal primary education by the year 2015, by which time their aim was to ensure that all children everywhere, regardless of race or gender, will be able to complete primary schooling.", "Academic term __knowledge__ An academic term (or simply \"term\") is a portion of an academic year, the time during which an educational institution holds classes.", "Academic term __knowledge__ The schedules adopted vary widely.", "Academic term __knowledge__ The word quadmester or quadrimester is occasionally used to mean either four months or (more commonly in modern American usage) a quarter of a year.", "Academic term __knowledge__ In countries like Argentina, public universities divide the academic year into two quadrimesters (March–July and August–December).", "Academic term __knowledge__ In most countries, the academic year begins in late summer or early autumn and ends during the following spring or summer.", "Academic term __knowledge__ In Northern Hemisphere countries, this means that the academic year lasts from August, September, or October to May, June, or July.", "Educational stage __knowledge__ Educational stages are subdivisions of formal learning, typically covering early childhood education, primary education, secondary education and tertiary (or higher) education.", "Educational stage __knowledge__ The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) recognizes seven levels of education in its International Standard Classification of Education system (ISCED, from Level 0 (pre-primary education) through Level 6 (second stage of tertiary education)).", "Educational stage __knowledge__ UNESCO's International Bureau of Education maintains a database of country-specific education systems and their stages.", "Educational stage __knowledge__ Education during childhood and early adulthood is typically provided through either a two- or three-stage system of childhood schooling, followed by additional stages of higher education or vocational education for those who continue their formal education: The following table introduces the main concepts, although terms and ages may vary in different places: For additional ISCED stages of education, see ISCED.", "Education in Malaysia __knowledge__ Education in Malaysia is overseen by the Ministry of Education (\"Kementerian Pendidikan\").", "Education in Malaysia __knowledge__ Although education is the responsibility of the Federal Government, each state and federal territory has an Education Department to co-ordinate educational matters in its territory.", "Education in Malaysia __knowledge__ The main legislation governing education is the Education Act 1996.", "Education in Malaysia __knowledge__ The education system is divided into preschool education, primary education, secondary education, post-secondary education and tertiary education.", "Education in Malaysia __knowledge__ Education may be obtained from the multilingual public school system, which provides free education for all Malaysians, or private schools, or through homeschooling.", "State school __knowledge__ State schools (also known as public schools outside England and Wales) are generally primary or secondary schools mandated for or offered to all children without charge, funded in whole or in part by taxation.", "State school __knowledge__ These schools are generally inclusive (non-selective) in admitting all students within the geographical area that they serve.", "State school __knowledge__ While state schools are to be found in virtually every country, there are significant variations in their structure and educational programs.", "State school __knowledge__ State education generally encompasses primary and secondary education (kindergarten to twelfth grade, or equivalent), as well as post-secondary educational institutions such as universities, colleges, and technical schools that are funded and overseen by government rather than private entities.", "Academic degree __knowledge__ An academic degree is a qualification awarded to students upon successful completion of a course of study in higher education, normally at a college or university.", "Academic degree __knowledge__ These institutions commonly offer degrees at various levels, typically including bachelor's, master’s and doctorates, often alongside other academic certificates, and professional degrees.", "Academic degree __knowledge__ The most common undergraduate degree is the bachelor's degree, although in some countries lower qualifications are titled degrees (e.g.", "Academic degree __knowledge__ associate degrees in the US or foundation degrees in the UK) while in others a higher-level first degree is more usual." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Secondary education __knowledge__ Secondary education covers two phases on the International Standard Classification of Education scale.", "Secondary education __knowledge__ Level 2 or lower secondary education (less common junior secondary education) is considered the second and final phase of basic education, and level 3 (upper) secondary education is the stage before tertiary education.", "Secondary education __knowledge__ Every country aims to provide basic education, but the systems and terminology remain unique to them.", "Secondary education __knowledge__ Secondary education typically takes place after six years of primary education and is followed by higher education, vocational education or employment.", "Secondary education __knowledge__ Like primary education, in most countries secondary education is compulsory, at least until the age of 16.", "Secondary education __knowledge__ Children typically enter the lower secondary phase around age 11.", "Secondary education __knowledge__ Compulsory education sometimes extends to age 19.", "Secondary education __knowledge__ Since 1989 education has been seen as a basic human right for a child, article 28, of the Convention on the Rights of the Child states that: primary education should be free and compulsory while different forms of secondary education, including general and vocational education, should be available and accessible to every child.", "Secondary education __knowledge__ The terminology has proved difficult, and there was no universal definition before ISCED divided the period between primary education and university into junior secondary education and (upper) secondary education.", "List of secondary education systems by country __knowledge__ Secondary education covers two phases on the ISCED scale.", "List of secondary education systems by country __knowledge__ Level 2 or lower secondary education is considered the second and final phase of basic education, and level 3 or upper secondary education is the stage before tertiary education.", "List of secondary education systems by country __knowledge__ Every country aims to provide basic education, but the systems and terminology remain unique to them.", "List of secondary education systems by country __knowledge__ Secondary education typically takes place after six years of primary education and is followed by higher education, vocational education or employment.", "List of secondary education systems by country __knowledge__ In Algeria, secondary school starts after obtaining the BEM (Brevet d'Enseignement Moyen) (Middle School Certificate), and ends by getting the Baccalaureate that exclusively grants access to national universities.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Education in the United States is provided by public, private and home schools.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ State governments set overall educational standards, often mandate standardized tests for K–12 public school systems and supervise, usually through a board of regents, state colleges and universities.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Funding comes from the state, local, and federal government.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Private schools are generally free to determine their own curriculum and staffing policies, with voluntary accreditation available through independent regional accreditation authorities, although some state regulation can apply.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ In 2013, about 87% of school-age children (those below higher education) attended state funded public schools, about 10% attended tuition- and foundation-funded private schools and roughly 3% were home-schooled.", "Education in Malaysia __knowledge__ Education in Malaysia is overseen by the Ministry of Education (\"Kementerian Pendidikan\").", "Education in Malaysia __knowledge__ Although education is the responsibility of the Federal Government, each state and federal territory has an Education Department to co-ordinate educational matters in its territory.", "Education in Malaysia __knowledge__ The main legislation governing education is the Education Act 1996.", "Education in Malaysia __knowledge__ The education system is divided into preschool education, primary education, secondary education, post-secondary education and tertiary education.", "Education in Malaysia __knowledge__ Education may be obtained from the multilingual public school system, which provides free education for all Malaysians, or private schools, or through homeschooling.", "Education in Luxembourg __knowledge__ Education in Luxembourg is multilingual and consists of fundamental education, secondary education and higher education.", "Education in Luxembourg __knowledge__ Most schools are run by the state and are free.", "Education in Luxembourg __knowledge__ Attending school is obligatory from the ages of 4 to 16.", "Education in Luxembourg __knowledge__ Fundamental education (\"enseignement fondamental\") consists of pre-school and primary school.", "Education in Luxembourg __knowledge__ It is obligatory from the age of 4 onwards and is composed of 4 cycles instead of school years: This system was introduced in the law of 21 January 2009.", "Education in Luxembourg __knowledge__ Secondary education lasts 6–7 years, and consists of: Schools of secondary education (that is, aimed towards university education) are called \"Lycées \"(or, colloquially, \"Lycée classique\"), while schools of secondary technical education are \"Lycées techniques\".", "Education in the Philippines __knowledge__ Education in the Philippines is managed and regulated by the Department of Education (DepEd), Commission on Higher Education (CHED) and Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA).", "Education in the Philippines __knowledge__ DepEd is responsible for the K–12 basic education; it exercises full and exclusive control over public schools and nominal regulation over private schools, and it also enforces the national curriculum that has been put in place since 2013.", "Education in the Philippines __knowledge__ CHED and TESDA, on the other hand, are responsible for higher education; CHED regulates the academically-oriented universities and colleges while TESDA oversees the development of technical and vocational education institutions and programs in the country.", "Education in China __knowledge__ Education in China is a state-run system of public education run by the Ministry of Education.", "Education in China __knowledge__ All citizens must attend school for at least nine years, known as the nine-year compulsory education, which the government funds.", "Education in China __knowledge__ It includes six years of primary education, starting at age six or seven, and three years of junior secondary education (junior middle school) for ages 12 to 15.", "Education in China __knowledge__ Some provinces may have five years of primary school but four years for junior middle school.", "Education in China __knowledge__ After junior middle school, there are three years of senior middle school, which then completes the secondary education.", "Milton Area School District __knowledge__ The Milton Area School District is a small, rural public school district headquartered in Milton, Pennsylvania.", "Milton Area School District __knowledge__ The district is located in Northumberland and Union counties.", "Milton Area School District __knowledge__ Milton Area School District encompasses approximately .", "Milton Area School District __knowledge__ According to 2000 federal census data, it served a resident population of 15,510.", "Milton Area School District __knowledge__ By 2010, the Milton Area School District's population increased to 16,561 people.", "Milton Area School District __knowledge__ The educational attainment levels for the School District population (25 years old and over) were 85.5% high school graduates and 13% college graduates.", "Milton Area School District __knowledge__ The district is one of the 500 public school districts of Pennsylvania.", "Mid Valley School District __knowledge__ Mid Valley School District is a small public school district located in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania, comprising the boroughs of Olyphant, Dickson City, and Throop.", "Mid Valley School District __knowledge__ Mid Valley School District encompasses approximately .", "Mid Valley School District __knowledge__ According to 2000 federal census data, it serves a resident population of 15,193.", "Mid Valley School District __knowledge__ By 2010, the district's population increased to 15,304 people.", "Mid Valley School District __knowledge__ The educational attainment levels for the Mid Valley School District population (25 years old and over) were 89.9% high school graduates and 20.8% college graduates.", "Mid Valley School District __knowledge__ The district is one of 12 public school districts in Lackawanna County and one of the 500 public school districts of Pennsylvania.", "Bermudian Springs School District __knowledge__ The Bermudian Springs School District is a small, rural, public school district created in 1970.", "Bermudian Springs School District __knowledge__ Bermudian Springs School District encompasses approximately .", "Bermudian Springs School District __knowledge__ The district includes: the Boroughs of East Berlin and York Springs, as well as, the village of Idaville, Huntington Township, Latimore Township, Reading Township and a small part of Hamilton Township.", "Bermudian Springs School District __knowledge__ The 1990 U.S. census totals showed these communities have over 11,500 inhabitants.", "Bermudian Springs School District __knowledge__ According to 2007 local census data, it served a resident population of 13,077.", "Bermudian Springs School District __knowledge__ By 2010, the District's population had risen to 13,115 people.", "Bermudian Springs School District __knowledge__ The educational attainment levels for the Bermudian Springs School District population (25 years old and over) were 83.9% high school graduates and 16.2% college graduates." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Secondary education __knowledge__ Secondary education covers two phases on the International Standard Classification of Education scale.", "Secondary education __knowledge__ Level 2 or lower secondary education (less common junior secondary education) is considered the second and final phase of basic education, and level 3 (upper) secondary education is the stage before tertiary education.", "Secondary education __knowledge__ Every country aims to provide basic education, but the systems and terminology remain unique to them.", "Secondary education __knowledge__ Secondary education typically takes place after six years of primary education and is followed by higher education, vocational education or employment.", "Secondary education __knowledge__ Like primary education, in most countries secondary education is compulsory, at least until the age of 16.", "Secondary education __knowledge__ Children typically enter the lower secondary phase around age 11.", "Secondary education __knowledge__ Compulsory education sometimes extends to age 19.", "Secondary education __knowledge__ Since 1989 education has been seen as a basic human right for a child, article 28, of the Convention on the Rights of the Child states that: primary education should be free and compulsory while different forms of secondary education, including general and vocational education, should be available and accessible to every child.", "Secondary education __knowledge__ The terminology has proved difficult, and there was no universal definition before ISCED divided the period between primary education and university into junior secondary education and (upper) secondary education.", "Education in China __knowledge__ Education in China is a state-run system of public education run by the Ministry of Education.", "Education in China __knowledge__ All citizens must attend school for at least nine years, known as the nine-year compulsory education, which the government funds.", "Education in China __knowledge__ It includes six years of primary education, starting at age six or seven, and three years of junior secondary education (junior middle school) for ages 12 to 15.", "Education in China __knowledge__ Some provinces may have five years of primary school but four years for junior middle school.", "Education in China __knowledge__ After junior middle school, there are three years of senior middle school, which then completes the secondary education.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Education in the United States is provided by public, private and home schools.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ State governments set overall educational standards, often mandate standardized tests for K–12 public school systems and supervise, usually through a board of regents, state colleges and universities.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Funding comes from the state, local, and federal government.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ Private schools are generally free to determine their own curriculum and staffing policies, with voluntary accreditation available through independent regional accreditation authorities, although some state regulation can apply.", "Education in the United States __knowledge__ In 2013, about 87% of school-age children (those below higher education) attended state funded public schools, about 10% attended tuition- and foundation-funded private schools and roughly 3% were home-schooled.", "Education in Ethiopia __knowledge__ Education in Ethiopia has been dominated by the Ethiopian Orthodox Church for many centuries until secular education was adopted in the early 1900s.", "Education in Ethiopia __knowledge__ Prior to 1974, Ethiopia had an estimated illiteracy rate well above 90% and compared poorly with the rest of Africa in the provision of schools and universities.", "Education in Ethiopia __knowledge__ After 1974 revolution, emphasis was placed on increasing literacy in rural areas.", "Education in Ethiopia __knowledge__ Practical subjects were stressed, as was the teaching of socialism.", "Education in Ethiopia __knowledge__ By 2015, the literacy rate had increased to 49.1%, though this is still poor compared to most of the rest of Africa.", "Education in Ethiopia __knowledge__ Recently, there has been massive expansion throughout the educational system.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Adolescence () is a transitional stage of physical and psychological development that generally occurs during the period from puberty to legal adulthood (age of majority).", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Adolescence is usually associated with the teenage years, but its physical, psychological or cultural expressions may begin earlier and end later.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ For example, puberty now typically begins during preadolescence, particularly in females.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Physical growth (particularly in males), and cognitive development can extend into the early twenties.", "Adolescence __knowledge__ Thus age provides only a rough marker of adolescence, and scholars have found it difficult to agree upon a precise definition of adolescence.", "List of secondary education systems by country __knowledge__ Secondary education covers two phases on the ISCED scale.", "List of secondary education systems by country __knowledge__ Level 2 or lower secondary education is considered the second and final phase of basic education, and level 3 or upper secondary education is the stage before tertiary education.", "List of secondary education systems by country __knowledge__ Every country aims to provide basic education, but the systems and terminology remain unique to them.", "List of secondary education systems by country __knowledge__ Secondary education typically takes place after six years of primary education and is followed by higher education, vocational education or employment.", "List of secondary education systems by country __knowledge__ In Algeria, secondary school starts after obtaining the BEM (Brevet d'Enseignement Moyen) (Middle School Certificate), and ends by getting the Baccalaureate that exclusively grants access to national universities.", "Higher education in the United States __knowledge__ Higher education in the United States is an optional final stage of formal learning following secondary education.", "Higher education in the United States __knowledge__ Higher education, also referred to as post-secondary education, third stage, third level, or tertiary education occurs most commonly at one of the 4,726 Title IV degree-granting institutions, either colleges or universities in the country.", "Higher education in the United States __knowledge__ These may be public universities, private universities, liberal arts colleges, community colleges, or for-profit colleges.", "Higher education in the United States __knowledge__ High visibility issues include greater use of the Internet, such as massive open online courses, competency-based education, sexual assault, cutbacks in state and local spending, rapidly rising tuition and increasing student loan debt According to the National Student Clearinghouse, US college enrollment has declined for five consecutive years and is projected to continue declining for the next two decades.", "No Child Left Behind Act __knowledge__ The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) was a U.S. Act of Congress that reauthorized the Elementary and Secondary Education Act; it included Title I provisions applying to disadvantaged students.", "No Child Left Behind Act __knowledge__ It supported standards-based education reform based on the premise that setting high standards and establishing measurable goals could improve individual outcomes in education.", "No Child Left Behind Act __knowledge__ The Act required states to develop assessments in basic skills.", "No Child Left Behind Act __knowledge__ To receive federal school funding, states had to give these assessments to all students at select grade levels.", "No Child Left Behind Act __knowledge__ The act did not assert a national achievement standard—each state developed its own standards.", "Education in the Philippines __knowledge__ Education in the Philippines is managed and regulated by the Department of Education (DepEd), Commission on Higher Education (CHED) and Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA).", "Education in the Philippines __knowledge__ DepEd is responsible for the K–12 basic education; it exercises full and exclusive control over public schools and nominal regulation over private schools, and it also enforces the national curriculum that has been put in place since 2013.", "Education in the Philippines __knowledge__ CHED and TESDA, on the other hand, are responsible for higher education; CHED regulates the academically-oriented universities and colleges while TESDA oversees the development of technical and vocational education institutions and programs in the country.", "Milton Area School District __knowledge__ The Milton Area School District is a small, rural public school district headquartered in Milton, Pennsylvania.", "Milton Area School District __knowledge__ The district is located in Northumberland and Union counties.", "Milton Area School District __knowledge__ Milton Area School District encompasses approximately .", "Milton Area School District __knowledge__ According to 2000 federal census data, it served a resident population of 15,510.", "Milton Area School District __knowledge__ By 2010, the Milton Area School District's population increased to 16,561 people.", "Milton Area School District __knowledge__ The educational attainment levels for the School District population (25 years old and over) were 85.5% high school graduates and 13% college graduates.", "Milton Area School District __knowledge__ The district is one of the 500 public school districts of Pennsylvania.", "Warrior Run School District __knowledge__ Warrior Run School District is a small, rural, public school district that covers .", "Warrior Run School District __knowledge__ It spans townships in three different counties: Gregg Township in Union County, Delaware Township and Lewis Township in Northumberland County, and Anthony Township and Limestone Township in Montour County in central Pennsylvania, USA.", "Warrior Run School District __knowledge__ It also serves the residents of the boroughs of Turbotville, McEwensville and Watsontown.", "Warrior Run School District __knowledge__ In 2010, the US Census Bureau reported the District's population increased to 17,278 people.", "Warrior Run School District __knowledge__ According to 2000 federal census data, Warrior Run School District served a resident population of 16,542.", "Shamokin Area School District __knowledge__ Shamokin Area School District is a small, rural public school district located in Coal Township, Pennsylvania, US.", "Shamokin Area School District __knowledge__ The Shamokin Area School District community consists of the city of Shamokin and the townships of Coal, East Cameron and Shamokin.", "Shamokin Area School District __knowledge__ It is located at the southern end of the anthracite coal region in Northumberland County in central Pennsylvania with a population of approximately 21,000.", "Shamokin Area School District __knowledge__ According to the US Census Bureau, by 2010, the district's population declined to 20,876 people.", "Shamokin Area School District __knowledge__ The educational attainment levels for the Shamokin Area School District population (25 years old and over) were 82.4% high school graduates and 9.3% college graduates." ] ]

[ 6, 2, 3, 5 ]

[ "In the United States, secondary education usually begins around age 11. I did attend attend college. How about you?", "Secondary education is considered the second and final phase of basic education. It isn't college. It would be very early for college! lol", "I definitely find it valuable. Every country aims to provide basic education but the terminology and the systems are entirely unique to each country. ", "I found it helpful although maybe repetitive of earlier years. In our country, secondary education is mandatory until you are 16 so it's not like you have a choice! lol" ]

[ "Secondary education", "Secondary education", "Secondary education", "Secondary education" ]

[ "Border Collie", "Oh cool, so that's why they're called border collies!", "Oh awesome! How long ago were they bred?", "Oh awesome! How long ago were they bred?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Border Collie __knowledge__ The Border Collie is a working and herding dog breed developed in the Anglo-Scottish border region for herding livestock, especially sheep.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ It was specifically bred for intelligence and obedience.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ Considered highly intelligent, extremely energetic, acrobatic and athletic, they frequently compete with great success in sheepdog trials and dog sports.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ They are often cited as the most intelligent of all domestic dogs.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ Border Collies continue to be employed in their traditional work of herding livestock throughout the world.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ In general, Border Collies are medium-sized dogs with a moderate amount of coat, which is most often thick and sheds often.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ They have a double coat that varies from smooth to rough and is occasionally curled.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ While black and white is the most commonly seen colour pattern of the Border Collie, the breed appears in just about any colour and pattern known to occur in dogs.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ Some of these include black tricolour (black/tan/white), liver and white, and red tricolour (red/tan/white) which have also been seen regularly, and other colours such as blue, lilac, red merle, blue merle, brindle, and Australian red (also known as ee red, blonde, recessive red, or gold) which is seen less frequently." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Border Collie __knowledge__ The Border Collie is a working and herding dog breed developed in the Anglo-Scottish border region for herding livestock, especially sheep.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ It was specifically bred for intelligence and obedience.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ Considered highly intelligent, extremely energetic, acrobatic and athletic, they frequently compete with great success in sheepdog trials and dog sports.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ They are often cited as the most intelligent of all domestic dogs.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ Border Collies continue to be employed in their traditional work of herding livestock throughout the world.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ In general, Border Collies are medium-sized dogs with a moderate amount of coat, which is most often thick and sheds often.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ They have a double coat that varies from smooth to rough and is occasionally curled.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ While black and white is the most commonly seen colour pattern of the Border Collie, the breed appears in just about any colour and pattern known to occur in dogs.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ Some of these include black tricolour (black/tan/white), liver and white, and red tricolour (red/tan/white) which have also been seen regularly, and other colours such as blue, lilac, red merle, blue merle, brindle, and Australian red (also known as ee red, blonde, recessive red, or gold) which is seen less frequently.", "English Shepherd __knowledge__ The English Shepherd is an extremely versatile breed of working dog of the collie lineage, developed in the United States from farm dogs brought by English and Scottish settlers in the 17th through 19th centuries before pedigrees became fashionable around the end of the 19th century.", "English Shepherd __knowledge__ Subsistence farmers appreciated the breed for their versatility and not for their flash or strict conformation to a standard of appearance.", "English Shepherd __knowledge__ The English Shepherd is a highly intelligent, all-around farm dog, being used as a herding dog, livestock guardian, farm watch dog, hunting dog, vermin eradicator and a child's companion.", "Scotch Collie __knowledge__ The Scotch Collie is a landrace breed of dog which originated from the highland regions of Scotland.", "Scotch Collie __knowledge__ The breed consisted of both the long-haired (now known as Rough) Collie and the short-haired (now known as Smooth) Collie.", "Scotch Collie __knowledge__ It is generally believed to have descended from a variety of ancient herding dogs, some dating back to the Roman occupation, which may have included Roman Cattle Dogs, Native Celtic Dogs and Viking Herding Spitzes.", "Scotch Collie __knowledge__ Other ancestors include the Gordon and Irish Setters.", "Scotch Collie __knowledge__ In Scotland, this dog was referred to as \"cooley\", \"coaly\" and \"colley\" dogs.", "Scotch Collie __knowledge__ The name \"Collie\" is thought to come from the Old English word for \"black\" or \"coal\" (coll) and may have referred to a type of sheep (Coaley) which they were once used to herd.", "Collie eye anomaly __knowledge__ Collie eye anomaly (CEA) is a congenital, inherited, bilateral eye disease of dogs, which affects the retina, choroid, and sclera.", "Collie eye anomaly __knowledge__ It can be a mild disease or cause blindness.", "Collie eye anomaly __knowledge__ CEA is caused by a simple autosomal recessive gene defect.", "Collie eye anomaly __knowledge__ There is no treatment.", "Collie eye anomaly __knowledge__ It is known to occur in Scotch Collies (smooth and rough collies), Shetland Sheepdogs, Australian Shepherds, Border Collies, Lancashire Heelers, and Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers.", "Collie eye anomaly __knowledge__ Frequency is high in Collies and Shetland Sheepdogs, and low in Border Collies and NSDTRs.", "Collie eye anomaly __knowledge__ In the United States, incidence in the genotype of collies has been estimated to be as high as 95 percent, with a phenotypic incidence of 80 to 85 percent.", "Bearded Collie __knowledge__ The Bearded Collie, or Beardie, is a herding breed of dog once used primarily by Scottish shepherds, but now mostly a popular family companion.", "Bearded Collie __knowledge__ Bearded Collies have an average weight of .", "Bearded Collie __knowledge__ Males are around tall at the withers while females are around tall.", "Bearded Collie __knowledge__ The Bearded Collie's history is a combination of fact and legend.", "Bearded Collie __knowledge__ Kazimierz Grabski, a Polish merchant, reportedly traded a shipment of grain for sheep in Scotland in 1514 and brought six Polish Lowland Sheepdogs to move them.", "Bearded Collie __knowledge__ A Scottish shepherd was so impressed with the herding ability of the dogs that he traded several sheep for several dogs.", "Rough Collie __knowledge__ The Rough Collie (also known as the Long-Haired Collie) is a long-coated breed of medium to large size dog that in its original form was a type of collie used and bred for herding in Scotland.", "Rough Collie __knowledge__ Originating in the 1800s, it is now well known through the works of author Albert Payson Terhune, and through the \"Lassie\" novel, movies, and television shows.", "Rough Collie __knowledge__ There is also a smooth-coated variety; some breed organisations, including both the American and the Canadian Kennel Clubs, consider the smooth-coat and rough-coat dogs to be variations of the same breed.", "Rough Collie __knowledge__ Rough Collies generally come in shades of sable, merles, and tri-coloured.", "Farm collie __knowledge__ Farm collie or farmcollie is an informal term for a class of herding dog, of the broader collie type.", "Farm collie __knowledge__ Farm collies are bred for more than looks; working dog traits, including cleverness, loyalty, and hardiness, are sought.", "Farm collie __knowledge__ Farm collies are also common household pets, and sometimes trained as guide dogs for the visually impaired.", "Farm collie __knowledge__ The term \"farm collie\" can have various meanings, including: There are different standardised breeds of collie, each often called simply \"collie\" in their native regions, including: A farm collie may be descended from any of these.", "Farm collie __knowledge__ The diversity of foundation stock breeds means that a farm collie's looks can vary greatly, ranging from those of a Border Collie to those of a Rough Collie.", "Shetland Sheepdog __knowledge__ The Shetland Sheepdog, also known as the Sheltie, is a breed of herding dog that originated in the Shetland Islands.", "Shetland Sheepdog __knowledge__ The original name of this breed was Shetland Collie, but when this caused controversy among the Rough Collie breeders of the time, the breed's name was formally changed to \"Shetland Sheepdog\".", "Shetland Sheepdog __knowledge__ This hard-working small dog is intelligent, vocal, excitable, and willing to please.", "Shetland Sheepdog __knowledge__ The breed was formally recognized by The Kennel Club in 1909.", "Shetland Sheepdog __knowledge__ Like the Shetland pony and the Shetland sheep, the Shetland Sheepdog is a hardy but diminutive breed, developed to thrive amidst the harsh and meager conditions of its native island." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Border Collie __knowledge__ The Border Collie is a working and herding dog breed developed in the Anglo-Scottish border region for herding livestock, especially sheep.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ It was specifically bred for intelligence and obedience.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ Considered highly intelligent, extremely energetic, acrobatic and athletic, they frequently compete with great success in sheepdog trials and dog sports.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ They are often cited as the most intelligent of all domestic dogs.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ Border Collies continue to be employed in their traditional work of herding livestock throughout the world.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ In general, Border Collies are medium-sized dogs with a moderate amount of coat, which is most often thick and sheds often.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ They have a double coat that varies from smooth to rough and is occasionally curled.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ While black and white is the most commonly seen colour pattern of the Border Collie, the breed appears in just about any colour and pattern known to occur in dogs.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ Some of these include black tricolour (black/tan/white), liver and white, and red tricolour (red/tan/white) which have also been seen regularly, and other colours such as blue, lilac, red merle, blue merle, brindle, and Australian red (also known as ee red, blonde, recessive red, or gold) which is seen less frequently.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Michael Lee Alfonso (January 24, 1965 – February 17, 2007) was an American professional wrestler.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ He was best known for his appearances with the American professional wrestling promotions Extreme Championship Wrestling, World Championship Wrestling and the World Wrestling Federation under the ring name Mike Awesome and for his appearances in Japan for with Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling and All Japan Pro Wrestling as The Gladiator.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso was trained to wrestle by Steve Keirn, debuting on February 26, 1989.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso trained for about one year along with former professional wrestlers, Dennis Knight (Mideon, Phineas Godwin) and the late \"Big\" Al Green before making his debut.", "California Chrome __knowledge__ California Chrome (foaled February 18, 2011) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse.", "California Chrome __knowledge__ He was named the 2014 and 2016 American Horse of the Year.", "California Chrome __knowledge__ He won the 2014 Kentucky Derby, the Preakness Stakes, and the 2016 Dubai World Cup.", "California Chrome __knowledge__ In 2016, he surpassed Curlin as the all-time leading North American horse in earnings won.", "California Chrome __knowledge__ Bred in California, the chestnut-colored horse was named for his flashy white markings, called \"chrome\" by horse aficionados.", "California Chrome __knowledge__ He was bred and originally owned by Perry Martin from Yuba City, California, and Steve Coburn of Topaz Lake, Nevada, who named their partnership DAP Racing, standing for \"Dumb Ass Partners\"—a tongue-in-cheek response to a passerby who questioned their wisdom in purchasing California Chrome's dam, Love the Chase.", "Arabian horse __knowledge__ The Arabian or Arab horse ( , DMG \"ḥiṣān ʿarabī\") is a breed of horse that originated on the Arabian Peninsula.", "Arabian horse __knowledge__ With a distinctive head shape and high tail carriage, the Arabian is one of the most easily recognizable horse breeds in the world.", "Arabian horse __knowledge__ It is also one of the oldest breeds, with archaeological evidence of horses in the Middle East that resemble modern Arabians dating back 4,500 years.", "Arabian horse __knowledge__ Throughout history, Arabian horses have spread around the world by both war and trade, used to improve other breeds by adding speed, refinement, endurance, and strong bone.", "Arabian horse __knowledge__ Today, Arabian bloodlines are found in almost every modern breed of riding horse.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the series \"The Awesomes\".", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Professor Dr. Jeremy \"Prock\" Awesome (voiced by Seth Meyers) - The son of Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Jeremy Awesome is the young new leader of the Awesomes.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Known as Prock (a portmanteau of Professor and Doctor, since Prock has a JD and an MD) he has always wanted to be a superhero like his father, Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Prock disappointingly doesn't have any of his father's impressive physical powers: indeed, he is unimposing and injury-prone.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ However, he's the smartest on the team and a natural leader: in a crisis he comes up with excellent plans and assigns jobs to everyone on the team.", "Tunnel Setup Protocol __knowledge__ In computer networking, the Tunnel Setup Protocol (TSP) is a networking control protocol used to negotiate IP tunnel setup parameters between a tunnel client host and a tunnel broker server, the tunnel end-points.", "Tunnel Setup Protocol __knowledge__ The protocol is defined in RFC 5572.", "Tunnel Setup Protocol __knowledge__ A major use of TSP is in IPv6 transition mechanisms.", "Tunnel Setup Protocol __knowledge__ The TSP protocol performs negotiation of the following parameters: A TSP session is initiated by the TSP client in the goal of establishing an end-to-end tunnel with the TSP server (tunnel broker).", "Tunnel Setup Protocol __knowledge__ The session consists of a basic exchange of XML-encoded data using TCP or UDP.", "Tunnel Setup Protocol __knowledge__ After the negotiation of tunnel setup parameters, the session is terminated and the client undertakes the task of configuring its local tunnel endpoint.", "Château de Beaumesnil __knowledge__ Château de Beaumesnil is a 17th-century Louis XIII baroque style château located in the commune of and close to the village of Beaumesnil in Eure department of Normandy in northern France.", "Château de Beaumesnil __knowledge__ The château, now an official historical monument of France, is surrounded by a moat, having been built on the site of a medieval castle of the same name.", "Château de Beaumesnil __knowledge__ The château, which is an official historical monument of France, is located on a 60 hectare estate to the north-east of the village of Beaumesnil, 140 km west of Paris and midway between the towns of Lisieux and Évreux.", "Château de Beaumesnil __knowledge__ A large proportion of the estate is woodland, but in traditional French formal style an east-west axis contains the château, its forecourt and moat at the western end while the central and eastern part of the axis are laid to grass.", "So Long Ago the Garden __knowledge__ So Long Ago the Garden is an album recorded by Larry Norman, released in 1973.", "So Long Ago the Garden __knowledge__ It is the second album in what came to be known as his \"trilogy,\" which began with the album \"Only Visiting This Planet\" and concluded with \"In Another Land\".", "So Long Ago the Garden __knowledge__ \"So Long Ago the Garden\" was controversial because Norman's previously blatant Christian beliefs were more veiled on this album.", "So Long Ago the Garden __knowledge__ In the song \"Shot Down\", on the album \"In Another Land\", Norman responded to accusations by fellow Christians that he had abandoned his faith in search of fame and fortune.", "So Long Ago the Garden __knowledge__ On 7 August 1973 Norman entered AIR studios in London to record his favorite album, the second album in his Trilogy, \"So Long Ago the Garden\", which was produced by The Triumvirate of British producers Rod Edwards, Roger Hand, Jon Miller.", "Obedience training __knowledge__ Obedience implies compliance with the direction or command given by the handler.", "Obedience training __knowledge__ For a dog to be considered obedient rather than simply trained in obedience, it must respond reliably each time its handler gives a command.", "Obedience training __knowledge__ Training a dog in obedience can be an ongoing and lengthy process depending on the dog, the methods used, and the skill and understanding of both the trainer and the handler.", "Obedience training __knowledge__ The level of obedience the handler wishes to achieve with the dog is also a major factor in the time involved, as is the commitment to training by the handler.", "Obedience training __knowledge__ Obedience training is often a prerequisite for or component of other training.", "Captive white tigers __knowledge__ Captive white tigers are of little known lineage.", "Captive white tigers __knowledge__ They are held captive around the world, usually for financial purposes.", "Captive white tigers __knowledge__ The Tiger Species Survival Plan devised by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums has condemned the breeding of white tigers.", "Captive white tigers __knowledge__ The genes responsible for white colour are represented by 0.001% of the tiger population.", "Captive white tigers __knowledge__ However, in 2008–2009, a closing stock of 264 Bengal tigers and 100 white Bengal tigers were accounted for in Indian zoos.", "Captive white tigers __knowledge__ The disproportionate growth in numbers of the latter points to the relentless inbreeding resorted to among homozygous recessive individuals for selectively multiplying the white animals.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ The Australian Cattle Dog (ACD), or simply Cattle Dog, is a breed of herding dog originally developed in Australia for droving cattle over long distances across rough terrain.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ This breed is a medium-sized, short-coated dog that occurs in two main colour forms.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ It has either brown or black hair distributed fairly evenly through a white coat, which gives the appearance of a \"red\" or \"blue\" dog.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ As with dogs from other working breeds, the Australian Cattle Dog is energetic and intelligent with an independent streak.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ It responds well to structured training, particularly if it is interesting and challenging.", "Dobermann __knowledge__ The Dobermann to most of the world (), or Doberman Pinscher as it is known in the United States and Canada, is a medium-large breed of domestic dog originally developed around 1890 by Karl Friedrich Louis Dobermann, a tax collector from Germany.", "Dobermann __knowledge__ The Dobermann has a long muzzle and stands on its toes (not the pads) and is not usually heavy-footed.", "Dobermann __knowledge__ Ideally, they have an even and graceful gait.", "Dobermann __knowledge__ Traditionally, the ears are cropped and posted and the tail is docked.", "Dobermann __knowledge__ However, in some countries it is illegal to do so.", "Dobermann __knowledge__ Dobermanns have markings on the chest, paws/legs, muzzle, above the eyes, and underneath the tail.", "Borzoi __knowledge__ The Borzoi (, literally \"fast\"), also called the Russian wolfhound (), is a breed of domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\").", "Borzoi __knowledge__ Descended from dogs brought to Russia from central Asian countries, it is similar in shape to a greyhound, and is also a member of the sighthound family.", "Borzoi __knowledge__ The system by which Russians over the ages named their sighthounds was a series of descriptive terms, not actual names.", "Borzoi __knowledge__ \"Borzói\" is the masculine singular form of an archaic Russian adjective that means \"fast\".", "Borzoi __knowledge__ \"Borzáya sobáka\" (\"fast dog\") is the basic term used by Russians, though \"sobáka\" is usually dropped.", "Borzoi __knowledge__ The name \"Psovaya\" derived from the word Psovina, which means \"wavy, silky coat\", just as \"Hortaya\" (as in Hortaya Borzaya) means shorthaired.", "Obedience (human behavior) __knowledge__ Obedience, in human behavior, is a form of \"social influence in which a person yields to explicit instructions or orders from an authority figure\".", "Obedience (human behavior) __knowledge__ Obedience is generally distinguished from compliance, which is behavior influenced by peers, and from conformity, which is behavior intended to match that of the majority.", "Obedience (human behavior) __knowledge__ Depending on context, obedience can be seen as immoral, amoral or moral.", "Obedience (human behavior) __knowledge__ Humans have been shown to be obedient in the presence of perceived legitimate authority figures, as shown by the Milgram experiment in the 1960s, which was carried out by Stanley Milgram to find out how the Nazis managed to get ordinary people to take part in the mass murders of the Holocaust." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Border Collie __knowledge__ The Border Collie is a working and herding dog breed developed in the Anglo-Scottish border region for herding livestock, especially sheep.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ It was specifically bred for intelligence and obedience.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ Considered highly intelligent, extremely energetic, acrobatic and athletic, they frequently compete with great success in sheepdog trials and dog sports.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ They are often cited as the most intelligent of all domestic dogs.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ Border Collies continue to be employed in their traditional work of herding livestock throughout the world.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ In general, Border Collies are medium-sized dogs with a moderate amount of coat, which is most often thick and sheds often.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ They have a double coat that varies from smooth to rough and is occasionally curled.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ While black and white is the most commonly seen colour pattern of the Border Collie, the breed appears in just about any colour and pattern known to occur in dogs.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ Some of these include black tricolour (black/tan/white), liver and white, and red tricolour (red/tan/white) which have also been seen regularly, and other colours such as blue, lilac, red merle, blue merle, brindle, and Australian red (also known as ee red, blonde, recessive red, or gold) which is seen less frequently.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Michael Lee Alfonso (January 24, 1965 – February 17, 2007) was an American professional wrestler.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ He was best known for his appearances with the American professional wrestling promotions Extreme Championship Wrestling, World Championship Wrestling and the World Wrestling Federation under the ring name Mike Awesome and for his appearances in Japan for with Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling and All Japan Pro Wrestling as The Gladiator.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso was trained to wrestle by Steve Keirn, debuting on February 26, 1989.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso trained for about one year along with former professional wrestlers, Dennis Knight (Mideon, Phineas Godwin) and the late \"Big\" Al Green before making his debut.", "California Chrome __knowledge__ California Chrome (foaled February 18, 2011) is an American Thoroughbred racehorse.", "California Chrome __knowledge__ He was named the 2014 and 2016 American Horse of the Year.", "California Chrome __knowledge__ He won the 2014 Kentucky Derby, the Preakness Stakes, and the 2016 Dubai World Cup.", "California Chrome __knowledge__ In 2016, he surpassed Curlin as the all-time leading North American horse in earnings won.", "California Chrome __knowledge__ Bred in California, the chestnut-colored horse was named for his flashy white markings, called \"chrome\" by horse aficionados.", "California Chrome __knowledge__ He was bred and originally owned by Perry Martin from Yuba City, California, and Steve Coburn of Topaz Lake, Nevada, who named their partnership DAP Racing, standing for \"Dumb Ass Partners\"—a tongue-in-cheek response to a passerby who questioned their wisdom in purchasing California Chrome's dam, Love the Chase.", "Arabian horse __knowledge__ The Arabian or Arab horse ( , DMG \"ḥiṣān ʿarabī\") is a breed of horse that originated on the Arabian Peninsula.", "Arabian horse __knowledge__ With a distinctive head shape and high tail carriage, the Arabian is one of the most easily recognizable horse breeds in the world.", "Arabian horse __knowledge__ It is also one of the oldest breeds, with archaeological evidence of horses in the Middle East that resemble modern Arabians dating back 4,500 years.", "Arabian horse __knowledge__ Throughout history, Arabian horses have spread around the world by both war and trade, used to improve other breeds by adding speed, refinement, endurance, and strong bone.", "Arabian horse __knowledge__ Today, Arabian bloodlines are found in almost every modern breed of riding horse.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the series \"The Awesomes\".", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Professor Dr. Jeremy \"Prock\" Awesome (voiced by Seth Meyers) - The son of Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Jeremy Awesome is the young new leader of the Awesomes.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Known as Prock (a portmanteau of Professor and Doctor, since Prock has a JD and an MD) he has always wanted to be a superhero like his father, Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Prock disappointingly doesn't have any of his father's impressive physical powers: indeed, he is unimposing and injury-prone.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ However, he's the smartest on the team and a natural leader: in a crisis he comes up with excellent plans and assigns jobs to everyone on the team.", "Tunnel Setup Protocol __knowledge__ In computer networking, the Tunnel Setup Protocol (TSP) is a networking control protocol used to negotiate IP tunnel setup parameters between a tunnel client host and a tunnel broker server, the tunnel end-points.", "Tunnel Setup Protocol __knowledge__ The protocol is defined in RFC 5572.", "Tunnel Setup Protocol __knowledge__ A major use of TSP is in IPv6 transition mechanisms.", "Tunnel Setup Protocol __knowledge__ The TSP protocol performs negotiation of the following parameters: A TSP session is initiated by the TSP client in the goal of establishing an end-to-end tunnel with the TSP server (tunnel broker).", "Tunnel Setup Protocol __knowledge__ The session consists of a basic exchange of XML-encoded data using TCP or UDP.", "Tunnel Setup Protocol __knowledge__ After the negotiation of tunnel setup parameters, the session is terminated and the client undertakes the task of configuring its local tunnel endpoint.", "Château de Beaumesnil __knowledge__ Château de Beaumesnil is a 17th-century Louis XIII baroque style château located in the commune of and close to the village of Beaumesnil in Eure department of Normandy in northern France.", "Château de Beaumesnil __knowledge__ The château, now an official historical monument of France, is surrounded by a moat, having been built on the site of a medieval castle of the same name.", "Château de Beaumesnil __knowledge__ The château, which is an official historical monument of France, is located on a 60 hectare estate to the north-east of the village of Beaumesnil, 140 km west of Paris and midway between the towns of Lisieux and Évreux.", "Château de Beaumesnil __knowledge__ A large proportion of the estate is woodland, but in traditional French formal style an east-west axis contains the château, its forecourt and moat at the western end while the central and eastern part of the axis are laid to grass.", "So Long Ago the Garden __knowledge__ So Long Ago the Garden is an album recorded by Larry Norman, released in 1973.", "So Long Ago the Garden __knowledge__ It is the second album in what came to be known as his \"trilogy,\" which began with the album \"Only Visiting This Planet\" and concluded with \"In Another Land\".", "So Long Ago the Garden __knowledge__ \"So Long Ago the Garden\" was controversial because Norman's previously blatant Christian beliefs were more veiled on this album.", "So Long Ago the Garden __knowledge__ In the song \"Shot Down\", on the album \"In Another Land\", Norman responded to accusations by fellow Christians that he had abandoned his faith in search of fame and fortune.", "So Long Ago the Garden __knowledge__ On 7 August 1973 Norman entered AIR studios in London to record his favorite album, the second album in his Trilogy, \"So Long Ago the Garden\", which was produced by The Triumvirate of British producers Rod Edwards, Roger Hand, Jon Miller.", "Dingo–dog hybrid __knowledge__ A dingo–dog hybrid is a cross between a dingo and a domestic dog.", "Dingo–dog hybrid __knowledge__ The current population of free ranging domestic dogs in Australia is now probably higher than in the past.", "Dingo–dog hybrid __knowledge__ However, the proportion of the so-called \"pure\" dingoes (dogs with exclusively dingo-ancestry) has been in the decrease over the last few decades due to hybridisation and is regarded as further decreasing.", "Dingo–dog hybrid __knowledge__ Because of this ongoing interbreeding of dingoes and other domestic dogs and the resulting hybrids, there is a much wider range of colours and body shapes today among the Australian wild dog population than in the time before the human introduction of domestic dogs.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo (\"Canis lupus dingo\" or \"Canis dingo\") is a type of feral dog native to Australia.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The first British colonists to arrive in 1788 established a settlement at Port Jackson and recorded dingoes living there with indigenous Australians.", "Dingo __knowledge__ Although the dingo exists in the wild, it associates with humans but has not been selectively bred similarly to other domesticated animals.", "Dingo __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized canid that possesses a lean, hardy body designed for speed, agility and stamina.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo's three main coat colours are described as being either light ginger (or tan), black and tan, or creamy white.", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ Dog behavior is the internally coordinated responses of individuals or groups of domestic dogs to internal and external stimuli.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ It has been shaped by millennia of contact with humans and their lifestyles.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ As a result of this physical and social evolution, dogs, more than any other species, have acquired the ability to understand and communicate with humans and they are uniquely attuned to their behaviors.", "Dog behavior __knowledge__ Behavioral scientists have uncovered a wide range of social-cognitive abilities in the domestic dog The origin of the domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is not clear.", "New Guinea singing dog __knowledge__ The New Guinea singing dog or New Guinea Highland dog (\"Canis lupus dingo\") is a type of dog native to the New Guinea Highlands of the island of New Guinea.", "New Guinea singing dog __knowledge__ The dog is noted for its unique vocalization.", "New Guinea singing dog __knowledge__ Some experts have referred to it as a wild dog, but others disagree.", "New Guinea singing dog __knowledge__ Little is known about New Guinea singing dogs in the wild and there are only two photographs of wild sightings: one taken in 1989 and published by Australian mammalogist Tim Flannery, and the other taken in August 2012 by wilderness adventure guide, Tom Hewett in the Star Mountains region of West Papua.", "New Guinea singing dog __knowledge__ In 2016, the New Guinea Highland Wild Dog Foundation announced to the media that it and the University of Papua had located and photographed a group of fifteen \"highland wild dogs\".", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ The evolution of the wolf occurred over a geologic time scale of 800 thousand years, transforming the first Middle Pleistocene wolf specimen that is recognized as being morphologically similar to \"Canis lupus\" into today's dog, dingo and gray wolf.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Ecological factors including habitat type, climate, prey specialization and predatory competition has greatly influenced the wolf's genetic population structure and cranio-dental plasticity.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Wolves went through a population bottleneck 20,000 years before present (YBP), which indicates that many wolf populations had gone extinct at a time that coincided with the Last Glacial Maximum and the expansion of modern humans worldwide with their technology for capturing large game.", "Dingo (taxon) __knowledge__ The taxon dingo refers to the native dog found in Australia but may at times also refer to some similar dogs native to peninsular and island southeast Asia and neighboring regions, such as the New Guinea singing dog.", "Dingo (taxon) __knowledge__ The genetic evidence indicates that the \"dingo\" clade originated from East Asian domestic dogs and was introduced through the Southeast Asian archipelago into Australia, with a common ancestry between the Australian dingo and the New Guinea singing dog.", "Dingo (taxon) __knowledge__ In 1758, the taxonomist Linnaeus published in his \"Systema Naturae\" the taxonomic classification of species.", "Dingo (taxon) __knowledge__ \"Canis\" is a Latin word meaning dog, and under this genus he listed the dog-like carnivores including domestic dogs, wolves, and jackals." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 4, 3 ]

[ "Border Collies are such wonderful dogs. They're from the Anglo-Scottish border region!", "Exactly! They were also bred for intelligence and obedience which is why they are so smart.", "Quite a while ago but I'm not sure the exact year. It's amazing how they are the most intelligent of all domestic dogs though.", "Like I said, I don't know the exacts! They're very intelligent, energetic, and athletic dogs for herding sheep so probably a good amount of time." ]

[ "Border Collie", "Border Collie", "Border Collie", "Border Collie" ]

[ "Sushi\nSo one of my favorite things in life is food. Sushi and pizza are my favorites!", "Wow I have never had it with brown rice. I wonder if that changes it much.", "I did love eel sauce. It reminds me of teriyaki.", "That's wild. How does some food end up so fantastic after it ferments. Sauerkraut is another example." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi can be prepared with either brown or white rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ It is often prepared with raw seafood, but some varieties of sushi use cooked ingredients, and many others are vegetarian.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often served with pickled ginger, wasabi, and soy sauce.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Daikon radish is popular as a garnish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often confused with sashimi, a related Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced raw fish or occasionally meat, and an optional serving of rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi originates in a Southeast Asian dish, known today as \"narezushi\" ( – \"salted fish\"), stored in fermented rice for possibly months at a time.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The lacto-fermentation of the rice prevented the fish from spoiling; the rice would be discarded before consumption of the fish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ This early type of sushi became an important source of protein for its Japanese consumers.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The term \"sushi\" comes from an antiquated grammatical form no longer used in other contexts, and literally means \"sour-tasting\"; the overall dish has a sour and umami or savoury taste.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Narezushi still exists as a regional specialty, notably as \"funa-zushi\" from Shiga Prefecture.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Vinegar began to be added to the preparation of narezushi in the Muromachi period (1336–1573) for the sake of enhancing both taste and preservation.", "Oprah's Favorite Things __knowledge__ \"Oprah's Favorite Things\" was an annual segment that appeared on \"The Oprah Winfrey Show\" from the 1990s to 2008 and 2010, as well as on \"Rachael Ray\" in 2017.", "Oprah's Favorite Things __knowledge__ In the segment, which airs during Thanksgiving week and was inspired by the holiday song \"My Favorite Things\" from \"The Sound of Music\", Oprah Winfrey shared products with her audience that she felt were noteworthy or that would make a great gift.", "Oprah's Favorite Things __knowledge__ In addition, the audience members that were present during the taping of the episode receive items from that year's list for free.", "Oprah's Favorite Things __knowledge__ The term is also sometimes used to describe a similar feature in \"O, The Oprah Magazine\"; while that may formally have been named \"The O List\" in the past, it has more recently shared the \"Oprah's Favorite Things\" name.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Midwestern cuisine is a regional cuisine of the American Midwest.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ It draws its culinary roots most significantly from the cuisines of Central, Northern and Eastern Europe, and Native North America, and is influenced by regionally and locally grown foodstuffs and cultural diversity.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Everyday Midwestern home cooking generally showcases simple and hearty dishes that make use of the abundance of locally grown foods.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Its culinary profiles may seem synonymous with \"American food.\"", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Quoted in a 2007 interview with the \"Daily Herald\", Chef Stephen Langlois, a pioneer in the Midwestern local food movement, described it: \"Think of Thanksgiving dinner.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The history of sushi began with paddy fields in Southeast Asia, where fish was fermented with salt and rice, after which the rice was discarded.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The dish is today known as \"narezushi\", and was introduced to Japan around the Yayoi period.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ In the Muromachi period, people began to eat the rice as well as the fish.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ During the Edo period, vinegar rather than fermented rice began to be used.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ In pre-modern times and modern times, it has become a form of fast food strongly associated with Japanese culture.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The earliest form of sushi, a dish today known as narezushi, has its probable origin with paddy fields along the Mekong river in Southeast Asia.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japanese cuisine encompasses the regional and traditional foods of Japan, which have developed through centuries of social and economic changes.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ The is based on rice with miso soup and other dishes; there is an emphasis on seasonal ingredients.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Side dishes often consist of fish, pickled vegetables, and vegetables cooked in broth.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood is common, often grilled, but also served raw as sashimi or in sushi.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood and vegetables are also deep-fried in a light batter, as tempura.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Apart from rice, staples include noodles, such as soba and udon.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japan also has many simmered dishes such as fish products in broth called oden, or beef in sukiyaki and nikujaga.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut is an American restaurant chain and international franchise founded in 1958 by Dan and Frank Carney.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ The company is known for its Italian-American cuisine menu including pizza and pasta, as well as side dishes and desserts.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut has over 16,000 locations worldwide as of 2015.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ It is a subsidiary of Yum!", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Brands, Inc., one of the world's largest restaurant companies.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut was founded in June 1958 by two Wichita State University students, brothers Dan and Frank Carney, as a single location in Wichita, Kansas.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ PepsiCo acquired Pizza Hut in November 1977.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Before closing in 2015, the oldest continuously operating Pizza Hut was in Manhattan, Kansas, in a shopping and tavern district known as Aggieville near Kansas State University." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi can be prepared with either brown or white rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ It is often prepared with raw seafood, but some varieties of sushi use cooked ingredients, and many others are vegetarian.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often served with pickled ginger, wasabi, and soy sauce.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Daikon radish is popular as a garnish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often confused with sashimi, a related Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced raw fish or occasionally meat, and an optional serving of rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi originates in a Southeast Asian dish, known today as \"narezushi\" ( – \"salted fish\"), stored in fermented rice for possibly months at a time.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The lacto-fermentation of the rice prevented the fish from spoiling; the rice would be discarded before consumption of the fish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ This early type of sushi became an important source of protein for its Japanese consumers.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The term \"sushi\" comes from an antiquated grammatical form no longer used in other contexts, and literally means \"sour-tasting\"; the overall dish has a sour and umami or savoury taste.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Narezushi still exists as a regional specialty, notably as \"funa-zushi\" from Shiga Prefecture.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Vinegar began to be added to the preparation of narezushi in the Muromachi period (1336–1573) for the sake of enhancing both taste and preservation.", "Rice __knowledge__ Rice is the seed of the grass species \"Oryza sativa\" (Asian rice) or \"Oryza glaberrima\" (African rice).", "Rice __knowledge__ As a cereal grain, it is the most widely consumed staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in Asia.", "Rice __knowledge__ It is the agricultural commodity with the third-highest worldwide production (rice, 741.5 million tonnes in 2014), after sugarcane (1.9 billion tonnes) and maize (1.0 billion tonnes).", "Rice __knowledge__ Since sizable portions of sugarcane and maize crops are used for purposes other than human consumption, rice is the most important grain with regard to human nutrition and caloric intake, providing more than one-fifth of the calories consumed worldwide by humans.", "Brown rice syrup __knowledge__ Brown rice (malt) syrup, also known as rice syrup or rice malt, is a sweetener which is rich in compounds categorized as sugars and is derived by culturing cooked rice starch with saccharifying enzymes to break down the starches, followed by straining off the liquid and reducing it by evaporative heating until the desired consistency is reached.", "Brown rice syrup __knowledge__ The enzymes used in the saccharification step are supplied by an addition of sprouted barley grains to the rice starch (the traditional method) or by adding bacterial- or fungal-derived purified enzyme isolates (the modern, industrialized method).", "Brown rice syrup __knowledge__ In traditional practices, brown rice syrup is created by adding a small amount of sprouted barley grains (barley malt) to cooked, whole brown rice in a solution of heated water, similar to the production of beer wort.", "Brown rice __knowledge__ Brown rice is whole grain rice, with the inedible outer hull removed; white rice is the same grain with the hull, bran layer and cereal germ removed.", "Brown rice __knowledge__ Red rice, gold rice, and black rice (sometimes known as purple rice) are all whole rices, but with a differently-pigmented outer layer.", "Brown rice __knowledge__ Any type of rice may be eaten whole.", "Brown rice __knowledge__ Whole rice has a mild, nutty flavor, and is chewier.", "Brown rice __knowledge__ Rice plants accumulate arsenic, and there have been concerns over excessive arsenic levels in rice.", "Brown rice __knowledge__ There is more arsenic in the bran, so brown rice contains more arsenic.", "Brown rice __knowledge__ The European Union has introduced regulations on arsenic in rice, but the United States has not.", "Japanese rice __knowledge__ Japanese rice refers to a number of short-grain cultivars of Japonica rice including ordinary rice (\"uruchimai\") and glutinous rice (\"mochigome\").", "Japanese rice __knowledge__ Ordinary Japanese rice, or \"uruchimai\" () is the staple of the Japanese diet and consists of short translucent grains.", "Japanese rice __knowledge__ When cooked it has a sticky texture such that it can easily be picked up and eaten with chopsticks.", "Japanese rice __knowledge__ Outside Japan it is sometimes labeled sushi rice, as this is one of its common uses.", "Japanese rice __knowledge__ It is also used to produce sake.", "Japanese rice __knowledge__ Glutinous rice, known in Japan as \"mochigome\" (), is used for making mochi () and special dishes such as sekihan.", "Japanese rice __knowledge__ It is a short-grain rice, and can be distinguished from \"uruchimai\" by its particularly short, round and opaque grains, its greater stickiness when cooked, and firmer and chewier texture.", "Brown Rice (album) __knowledge__ Brown Rice, reissued as Don Cherry, is a studio album recorded in 1975 by trumpeter Don Cherry.", "Brown Rice (album) __knowledge__ The album presents a fusion of jazz with rock, African, Indian, and Arabic music.", "Brown Rice (album) __knowledge__ Charlie Haden plays wah-wah bass on the title track, while Frank Lowe's tenor evokes a blues influence.", "Brown Rice (album) __knowledge__ \"Malkauns\" includes tambura accompaniment.", "Brown Rice (album) __knowledge__ The tracks \"Brown Rice,\" \"Malkauns\" and \"Degi-Degi\" were recorded by engineer Kurt Munkacsi at Basement Recording Studios in New York City.", "Brown Rice (album) __knowledge__ \"Chenrezig\" was recorded by Michael Mantler at Grog Kill, Woodstock, New York.", "Brown Rice (album) __knowledge__ Corrado Baccheli produced the sessions with his associate Beppe Muccioli.", "Rice production in the United States __knowledge__ Rice production is important to the economy of the United States.", "Rice production in the United States __knowledge__ Of the country's row crop farms, rice farms are the most capital-intensive, and have the highest national land rental rate average.", "Rice production in the United States __knowledge__ In the US, all rice acreage requires irrigation.", "Rice production in the United States __knowledge__ In 2000-09 approximately 3.1 million acres in the US were under rice production, while an increase is expected in the next decade to approximately 3.3 million acres.", "Rice production in the United States __knowledge__ US Rice represents rice producers in the six largest rice-producing states of Arkansas (The nations's number one rice producer.", "Rice production in the United States __knowledge__ ), California, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Texas.", "Rice production in the United States __knowledge__ African rice (a separate species from Asian rice, originally domesticated in the inland delta of the Upper Niger River) was introduced to the United States in the 17th century.", "Germinated brown rice __knowledge__ Germinated brown rice (GBR; Korean: 발아현미 (hangul), 發芽玄米 (hanja), \"Bala hyeonmi,\" Japanese: ) is unpolished brown rice that has been allowed to germinate to improve the flavor and texture, and to increase levels of nutrients such as γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA).", "Germinated brown rice __knowledge__ It has been found that germinated grains in general have nutritional advantages.", "Germinated brown rice __knowledge__ The rice is used in Japanese and Korean cuisine.", "Germinated brown rice __knowledge__ Cooked germinated brown rice is softer and less chewy than plain brown rice—it is more acceptable to children in particular—and has additional nutritional advantages.", "Germinated brown rice __knowledge__ Germinated brown rice is brown rice that has been soaked for 4–20 hours in warm water, longer soaking at lower temperature, before cooking, changing water a few times if some smell develops, and rinsing before cooking.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ Malaysian cuisine consists of cooking traditions and practices found in Malaysia, and reflects the multiethnic makeup of its population.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ The vast majority of Malaysia's population can roughly be divided among three major ethnic groups: Malays, Chinese and Indians.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ The remainder consists of the indigenous peoples of Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia, the Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia, the Peranakan and Eurasian creole communities, as well as a significant number of foreign workers and expatriates.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ As a result of historical migrations, colonisation by foreign powers, and its geographical position within its wider home region, Malaysia's culinary style in the present day is primarily a melange of traditions from its Malay, Chinese, Indian, Indonesian and ethnic Bornean citizens, with heavy to light influences from Thai, Portuguese, Dutch, and British cuisines, to name a few.", "Congee __knowledge__ Congee or conjee () is a type of rice porridge or gruel popular in many Asian countries, especially East Asia.", "Congee __knowledge__ When eaten as plain rice congee, it is most often served with side dishes.", "Congee __knowledge__ When additional ingredients, such as meat, fish, and flavorings, are added while preparing the congee, it is most often served as a meal on its own, especially for the ill. Names for congee are as varied as the style of its preparation.", "Congee __knowledge__ Despite its many variations, it is usually a thick porridge of rice largely disintegrated after prolonged cooking in water.", "Congee __knowledge__ While congee is a staple breakfast dish in China, it is called \"congee\" only in Guangdong, and is known by other local names such as \"bái zhōu\" (白粥 literally \"white porridge\") in Central and Northern China.", "Bap (food) __knowledge__ Bap () in Korean cuisine, fàn () in Chinese cuisine, and meshi () or gohan () in Japanese cuisine, often translated as \"rice\" or \"cooked rice\", is a dish prepared by boiling rice and/or other grains, such as black rice, barley, sorghum, various millets, and beans, until the water has cooked away.", "Bap (food) __knowledge__ Special ingredients such as vegetables, seafood, and meat can also be added to create different kinds of \"bap\".", "Bap (food) __knowledge__ The words \"bap\", \"fàn\", \"meshi\", and \"han\" can also be used to refer to a meal.", "Bap (food) __knowledge__ In Korean, the honorific forms of \"bap\" (meal) include jinji () for an elderly, sura () for the monarch, and me () for the deceased (in the ancestral rites).", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ A rice cooker or rice steamer is an automated kitchen appliance designed to boil or steam rice.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ It consists of a heat source, a cooking bowl, and a thermostat.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ The thermostat measures the temperature of the cooking bowl and controls the heat.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ Complex rice cookers may have many more sensors and other components, and may be multipurpose.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ The term rice cooker formerly applied to non-automated dedicated rice-cooking utensils, which have an ancient history (a ceramic rice steamer dated to 1250 BC is on display in the British Museum).", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ It now applies mostly to automated cookers.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ Electric rice cookers were developed in Japan, where they are known as pressure cookers .", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Korean cuisine has evolved through centuries of social and political change.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Originating from ancient agricultural and nomadic traditions in the Korean peninsula and southern Manchuria, Korean cuisine has evolved through a complex interaction of the natural environment and different cultural trends.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Korean cuisine is largely based on rice, vegetables, and meats.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Traditional Korean meals are noted for the number of side dishes (반찬; \"banchan\") that accompany steam-cooked short-grain rice.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Kimchi is served at nearly every meal.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Commonly used ingredients include sesame oil, \"doenjang\" (fermented bean paste), soy sauce, salt, garlic, ginger, pepper flakes, \"gochujang\" (fermented red chili paste) and napa cabbage." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi can be prepared with either brown or white rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ It is often prepared with raw seafood, but some varieties of sushi use cooked ingredients, and many others are vegetarian.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often served with pickled ginger, wasabi, and soy sauce.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Daikon radish is popular as a garnish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often confused with sashimi, a related Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced raw fish or occasionally meat, and an optional serving of rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi originates in a Southeast Asian dish, known today as \"narezushi\" ( – \"salted fish\"), stored in fermented rice for possibly months at a time.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The lacto-fermentation of the rice prevented the fish from spoiling; the rice would be discarded before consumption of the fish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ This early type of sushi became an important source of protein for its Japanese consumers.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The term \"sushi\" comes from an antiquated grammatical form no longer used in other contexts, and literally means \"sour-tasting\"; the overall dish has a sour and umami or savoury taste.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Narezushi still exists as a regional specialty, notably as \"funa-zushi\" from Shiga Prefecture.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Vinegar began to be added to the preparation of narezushi in the Muromachi period (1336–1573) for the sake of enhancing both taste and preservation.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's Corporation () is the world's largest chain of fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countries.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's traces its origins to a 1940 restaurant in San Bernardino, California.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ After expanding within the United States, McDonald's became an international corporation in 1967, when it opened a location in Richmond, Canada.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ By the end of the 1970s, McDonald's restaurants existed in five of the Earth's seven continents; an African location came in 1992 in Cape Town,South Africa.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ In order to cater to local tastes and culinary traditions, and often in respect of particular laws or religious beliefs, McDonald's offers regionalized versions of its menu among and within different countries.", "Teriyaki __knowledge__ Teriyaki (kanji: 照り焼き) is a cooking technique used in Japanese cuisine in which foods are broiled or grilled with a glaze of soy sauce, mirin, and sugar.", "Teriyaki __knowledge__ Fish – yellowtail, marlin, skipjack tuna, salmon, trout, and mackerel – is mainly used in Japan, while white and red meat – chicken, pork, lamb, and beef – is more often used in the West.", "Teriyaki __knowledge__ Other ingredients sometimes used in Japan include squid, hamburger steak, and meatballs.", "Teriyaki __knowledge__ The word \"teriyaki\" derives from the noun , which refers to a shine or luster given by the sugar content in the , and , which refers to the cooking method of grilling or broiling.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japanese cuisine encompasses the regional and traditional foods of Japan, which have developed through centuries of social and economic changes.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ The is based on rice with miso soup and other dishes; there is an emphasis on seasonal ingredients.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Side dishes often consist of fish, pickled vegetables, and vegetables cooked in broth.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood is common, often grilled, but also served raw as sashimi or in sushi.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood and vegetables are also deep-fried in a light batter, as tempura.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Apart from rice, staples include noodles, such as soba and udon.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japan also has many simmered dishes such as fish products in broth called oden, or beef in sukiyaki and nikujaga.", "Jean-Baptiste Chappe d'Auteroche __knowledge__ Jean-Baptiste Chappe d'Auteroche (23 March 1722 – 1 August 1769) was a French astronomer, best known for his observations of the transits of Venus in 1761 and 1769.", "Jean-Baptiste Chappe d'Auteroche __knowledge__ Little is known of Chappe's early life.", "Jean-Baptiste Chappe d'Auteroche __knowledge__ He was born into a noble family in the Auvergne region of central France.", "Jean-Baptiste Chappe d'Auteroche __knowledge__ He entered the priesthood, probably as a Jesuit, and devoted himself to the study of astronomy.", "Jean-Baptiste Chappe d'Auteroche __knowledge__ He was appointed assistant astronomer at the Royal Observatory and admitted to the Royal Academy of Sciences on 14 January 1759.", "Jean-Baptiste Chappe d'Auteroche __knowledge__ In the mid-18th century, the dynamics of the Solar System were reasonably well understood, but astronomers only had an approximate idea of its scale.", "Eel River (California) __knowledge__ The Eel River (Cahto: \"Taanchow\") is a major river, about long, of northwestern California.", "Eel River (California) __knowledge__ The river and its tributaries form the third largest watershed entirely in California, draining a rugged area of in five counties.", "Eel River (California) __knowledge__ The river flows generally northward through the Coast Ranges west of the Sacramento Valley, emptying into the Pacific Ocean about downstream from Fortuna and just south of Humboldt Bay.", "Eel River (California) __knowledge__ The river provides groundwater recharge, recreation, and industrial, agricultural and municipal water supply.", "Eel River (California) __knowledge__ The Eel River system is among the most dynamic in California because of the region's unstable geology and the influence of major Pacific storms.", "Donburi __knowledge__ The simmering sauce varies according to season, ingredients, region, and taste.", "Donburi __knowledge__ A typical sauce might consist of \"dashi\" flavored with soy sauce and mirin.", "Donburi __knowledge__ Proportions vary, but there is normally three to four times as much dashi as soy sauce and mirin.", "Donburi __knowledge__ For \"oyakodon\", Tsuji (1980) recommends dashi flavored with light soy sauce, dark soy sauce, and sugar.", "Donburi __knowledge__ For \"gyūdon\", Tsuji recommends water flavored with dark soy sauce and mirin.", "Donburi __knowledge__ Donburi can be made from almost any ingredients, including leftovers.", "Donburi __knowledge__ Traditional Japanese donburi include the following: Gyūdon, literally beef bowl, is a Japanese dish consisting of a bowl of rice topped with beef and onion simmered in a mildly sweet sauce flavored with dashi (fish and seaweed stock), soy sauce and mirin (sweet rice wine).", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Korean cuisine has evolved through centuries of social and political change.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Originating from ancient agricultural and nomadic traditions in the Korean peninsula and southern Manchuria, Korean cuisine has evolved through a complex interaction of the natural environment and different cultural trends.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Korean cuisine is largely based on rice, vegetables, and meats.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Traditional Korean meals are noted for the number of side dishes (반찬; \"banchan\") that accompany steam-cooked short-grain rice.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Kimchi is served at nearly every meal.", "Korean cuisine __knowledge__ Commonly used ingredients include sesame oil, \"doenjang\" (fermented bean paste), soy sauce, salt, garlic, ginger, pepper flakes, \"gochujang\" (fermented red chili paste) and napa cabbage.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ Malaysian cuisine consists of cooking traditions and practices found in Malaysia, and reflects the multiethnic makeup of its population.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ The vast majority of Malaysia's population can roughly be divided among three major ethnic groups: Malays, Chinese and Indians.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ The remainder consists of the indigenous peoples of Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia, the Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia, the Peranakan and Eurasian creole communities, as well as a significant number of foreign workers and expatriates.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ As a result of historical migrations, colonisation by foreign powers, and its geographical position within its wider home region, Malaysia's culinary style in the present day is primarily a melange of traditions from its Malay, Chinese, Indian, Indonesian and ethnic Bornean citizens, with heavy to light influences from Thai, Portuguese, Dutch, and British cuisines, to name a few.", "Yusheng __knowledge__ Yusheng, yee sang or yuu sahng (), or Prosperity Toss, also known as lo hei (Cantonese for 撈起 or 捞起) is a Cantonese-style raw fish salad.", "Yusheng __knowledge__ It usually consists of strips of raw fish (sometimes salmon), mixed with shredded vegetables and a variety of sauces and condiments, among other ingredients.", "Yusheng __knowledge__ Yusheng literally means \"raw fish\" but since \"fish (魚)\" is commonly conflated with its homophone \"abundance (余)\", Yúshēng (魚生) is interpreted as a homophone for Yúshēng (余升) meaning an increase in abundance.", "Yusheng __knowledge__ Therefore, yusheng is considered a symbol of abundance, prosperity and vigor.", "Yusheng __knowledge__ While versions of it are thought to have existed in China, the contemporary version was created and popularised in the 1960s amongst the ethnic Chinese community and its consumption has been associated with Chinese New Year festivities in Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi can be prepared with either brown or white rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ It is often prepared with raw seafood, but some varieties of sushi use cooked ingredients, and many others are vegetarian.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often served with pickled ginger, wasabi, and soy sauce.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Daikon radish is popular as a garnish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often confused with sashimi, a related Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced raw fish or occasionally meat, and an optional serving of rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi originates in a Southeast Asian dish, known today as \"narezushi\" ( – \"salted fish\"), stored in fermented rice for possibly months at a time.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The lacto-fermentation of the rice prevented the fish from spoiling; the rice would be discarded before consumption of the fish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ This early type of sushi became an important source of protein for its Japanese consumers.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The term \"sushi\" comes from an antiquated grammatical form no longer used in other contexts, and literally means \"sour-tasting\"; the overall dish has a sour and umami or savoury taste.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Narezushi still exists as a regional specialty, notably as \"funa-zushi\" from Shiga Prefecture.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Vinegar began to be added to the preparation of narezushi in the Muromachi period (1336–1573) for the sake of enhancing both taste and preservation.", "Pickling __knowledge__ Pickling is the process of preserving or expanding the lifespan of food by either anaerobic fermentation in brine or immersion in vinegar.", "Pickling __knowledge__ The resulting food is called a \"pickle\", or, to prevent ambiguity, prefaced with the adjective \"pickled\".", "Pickling __knowledge__ The pickling procedure will typically affect the food's texture and flavor.", "Pickling __knowledge__ In East Asia, vinaigrette (vegetable oil and vinegar) is also used as a pickling medium.", "Pickling __knowledge__ Foods that are pickled include meats, fruits, eggs, and vegetables.", "Pickling __knowledge__ Another distinguishing characteristic is a pH of 4.6 or lower, which is sufficient to kill most bacteria.", "Pickling __knowledge__ Pickling can preserve perishable foods for months.", "Sauerkraut __knowledge__ Sauerkraut (; ) is finely cut cabbage that has been fermented by various lactic acid bacteria.", "Sauerkraut __knowledge__ It has a long shelf life and a distinctive sour flavor, both of which result from the lactic acid that forms when the bacteria ferment the sugars in the cabbage.", "Sauerkraut __knowledge__ Fermented foods have a long history in many cultures, with sauerkraut being one of the most well-known instances of traditional fermented moist cabbage side dishes.", "Sauerkraut __knowledge__ The Roman writers Cato (in his \"De Agri Cultura\") and Columella (in his \"De re Rustica\") mentioned preserving cabbages and turnips with salt.", "Sauerkraut __knowledge__ Sauerkraut took root mostly in Central and Eastern European cuisines, but also in other countries including the Netherlands, where it is known as \"zuurkool\", and France, where the name became \"choucroute\".", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Midwestern cuisine is a regional cuisine of the American Midwest.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ It draws its culinary roots most significantly from the cuisines of Central, Northern and Eastern Europe, and Native North America, and is influenced by regionally and locally grown foodstuffs and cultural diversity.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Everyday Midwestern home cooking generally showcases simple and hearty dishes that make use of the abundance of locally grown foods.", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Its culinary profiles may seem synonymous with \"American food.\"", "Cuisine of the Midwestern United States __knowledge__ Quoted in a 2007 interview with the \"Daily Herald\", Chef Stephen Langlois, a pioneer in the Midwestern local food movement, described it: \"Think of Thanksgiving dinner.", "Cabbage __knowledge__ Cabbage or headed cabbage (comprising several cultivars of Brassica oleracea) is a leafy green or purple biennial plant, grown as an annual vegetable crop for its dense-leaved heads.", "Cabbage __knowledge__ It is descended from the wild cabbage, \"B. oleracea\" var.", "Cabbage __knowledge__ \"oleracea\", and is closely related to broccoli and cauliflower (var.", "Cabbage __knowledge__ \"botrytis\"), Brussels sprouts (var.", "Cabbage __knowledge__ \"gemmifera\") and savoy cabbage (var.", "Cabbage __knowledge__ \"sabauda\") which are sometimes called cole crops.", "Cabbage __knowledge__ Cabbage heads generally range from , and can be green, purple and white.", "Cabbage __knowledge__ Smooth-leafed firm-headed green cabbages are the most common, with smooth-leafed red and crinkle-leafed savoy cabbages of both colors seen more rarely.", "Malolactic fermentation __knowledge__ Malolactic fermentation (also known as malolactic conversion or MLF) is a process in winemaking in which tart-tasting malic acid, naturally present in grape must, is converted to softer-tasting lactic acid.", "Malolactic fermentation __knowledge__ Malolactic fermentation is most often performed as a secondary fermentation shortly after the end of the primary fermentation, but can sometimes run concurrently with it.", "Malolactic fermentation __knowledge__ The process is standard for most red wine production and common for some white grape varieties such as Chardonnay, where it can impart a \"buttery\" flavor from diacetyl, a byproduct of the reaction.", "Malolactic fermentation __knowledge__ The fermentation reaction is undertaken by the family of lactic acid bacteria (LAB); \"Oenococcus oeni\", and various species of \"Lactobacillus\" and \"Pediococcus\".", "Fermentation in food processing __knowledge__ Fermentation in food processing is the process of converting carbohydrates to alcohol or organic acids using microorganisms—yeasts or bacteria—under anaerobic conditions.", "Fermentation in food processing __knowledge__ Fermentation usually implies that the action of microorganisms is desired.", "Fermentation in food processing __knowledge__ The science of fermentation is known as zymology or zymurgy.", "Fermentation in food processing __knowledge__ The term fermentation sometimes refers specifically to the chemical conversion of sugars into ethanol, producing alcoholic drinks such as wine, beer, and cider.", "Fermentation in food processing __knowledge__ However, similar processes take place in the leavening of bread (CO produced by yeast activity), and in the preservation of sour foods with the production of lactic acid, such as in sauerkraut and yogurt.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas traditions vary from country to country.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas celebrations for many nations include the installing and lighting of Christmas trees, the hanging of Advent wreaths, Christmas stockings, candy canes, and the creation of Nativity scenes depicting the birth of Jesus Christ.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas carols may be sung and stories told about such figures as the Baby Jesus, St Nicholas, Santa Claus, Father Christmas, Christkind or Grandfather Frost.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ The sending and exchange of Christmas card greetings, observance of fasting and special religious observances such as a midnight Mass or Vespers on Christmas Eve, the burning of a Yule log, and the giving and receiving of presents.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The history of sushi began with paddy fields in Southeast Asia, where fish was fermented with salt and rice, after which the rice was discarded.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The dish is today known as \"narezushi\", and was introduced to Japan around the Yayoi period.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ In the Muromachi period, people began to eat the rice as well as the fish.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ During the Edo period, vinegar rather than fermented rice began to be used.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ In pre-modern times and modern times, it has become a form of fast food strongly associated with Japanese culture.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The earliest form of sushi, a dish today known as narezushi, has its probable origin with paddy fields along the Mekong river in Southeast Asia.", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ Moonshine is a generic term for distilled alcoholic beverages made throughout the globe from indigenous ingredients reflecting the customs, tastes, and raw materials for fermentation available in each region.", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ The term commonly applies to small-scale production, which is often illegal or tightly regulated in many countries.", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ Zarbali is a moonshine still, a type of distilled alcoholic beverage supposedly made from fermented raisins.", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ In Albania, moonshine (Raki) is the primary alcoholic beverage consumed on daily basis.", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ It is made from different fruits, usually grapes, but also plums, apples, blackberries, and walnuts.", "History of seafood __knowledge__ The harvesting and consuming of seafoods are ancient practices that may date back to at least the Upper Paleolithic period which dates to between 50,000 and 10,000 years ago.", "History of seafood __knowledge__ Isotopic analysis of the skeletal remains of Tianyuan man, a 40,000-year-old modern human from eastern Asia, has shown that he regularly consumed freshwater fish.", "History of seafood __knowledge__ Archaeology features such as shell middens, discarded fish bones and cave paintings show that sea foods were important for survival and consumed in significant quantities.", "History of seafood __knowledge__ During this period, most people lived a hunter-gatherer lifestyle and were, of necessity, constantly on the move.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine comprises a wide variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Given the range of diversity in soil type, climate, culture, ethnic groups, and occupations, these cuisines vary substantially from each other and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables, and fruits.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian food is also heavily influenced by religion, in particular Hindu, and cultural choices and traditions.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Also, Middle Eastern and Central Asian influences have occurred on North Indian cuisine from the years of Mughal rule.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine is still evolving, as a result of the nation's cultural interactions with other societies.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai cuisine (, , ) is the national cuisine of Thailand.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Balance, detail, and variety are of paramount significance to Thai chefs.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai cooking places emphasis on lightly prepared dishes with strong aromatic components and a spicy edge.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai chef McDang characterises Thai food as demonstrating \"intricacy; attention to detail; texture; color; taste; and the use of ingredients with medicinal benefits, as well as good flavor\", as well as care being given to the food's appearance, smell and context.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Australian chef David Thompson, an expert on Thai food, observes that unlike many other cuisines, Thai cooking rejects simplicity and is about \"the juggling of disparate elements to create a harmonious finish\".", "Red yeast rice __knowledge__ Red yeast rice (), red rice \"koji\" (べにこうじ, lit.", "Red yeast rice __knowledge__ 'red \"koji\"') or akakoji (あかこぎ, also meaning 'red \"koji\"'), red fermented rice, red kojic rice, red \"koji\" rice, anka, or ang-kak, is a bright reddish purple fermented rice, which acquires its colour from being cultivated with the mold \"Monascus purpureus\".", "Red yeast rice __knowledge__ Red yeast rice is what is referred to as a \"koji\" in Japanese, meaning \"grain or bean overgrown with a mold culture\", a food preparation tradition going back to ca.", "Red yeast rice __knowledge__ 300 BC.", "Red yeast rice __knowledge__ In both the scientific and popular literature in English that draws principally on Japanese, red yeast rice is most often referred to as \"red rice \"koji\"\"." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 6, 20 ]

[ "I prefer it prepared with white rice but it can also be made with brown, both are awesome though!", "What really changes it a ton is if it's prepared with raw fish, especially if you put eel sauce on it, oooh man. Some people do vegetarian rolls.", "It otiginated from narezushi which was stored in fermented rice for months", "I love that distinct sour flavor, it comes from the fermented sugars in the cabbage, it's delicious on brats. " ]

[ "Sushi", "Sushi", "Sushi", "Sushi" ]

[ "Ford Mustang", "I like those! When were they first manufactured?", "That's interesting. How did it end up looking like the classic Mustang?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ The Ford Mustang is an American car manufactured by Ford.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ It was originally based on the platform of the second generation North American Ford Falcon, a compact car.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ The original 1962 Ford Mustang I two-seater concept car had evolved into the 1963 Mustang II four-seater concept car which Ford used to pretest how the public would take interest in the first production Mustang.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ The 1963 Mustang II concept car was designed with a variation of the production model's front and rear ends with a roof that was 2.7 inches shorter.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ Introduced early on April 17, 1964 (16 days after the Plymouth Barracuda), and thus dubbed as a \"1964½\" by Mustang fans, the 1965 Mustang was the automaker's most successful launch since the Model A.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ The Mustang has undergone several transformations to its current sixth generation.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ The Mustang created the \"pony car\" class of American muscle cars, affordable sporty coupes with long hoods and short rear decks, and gave rise to competitors such as the Chevrolet Camaro, Pontiac Firebird, AMC Javelin, Chrysler's revamped Plymouth Barracuda, and the second generation Dodge Challenger.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ The Mustang is also credited for inspiring the designs of coupés such as the Toyota Celica and Ford Capri, which were imported to the United States." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ The Ford Mustang is an American car manufactured by Ford.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ It was originally based on the platform of the second generation North American Ford Falcon, a compact car.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ The original 1962 Ford Mustang I two-seater concept car had evolved into the 1963 Mustang II four-seater concept car which Ford used to pretest how the public would take interest in the first production Mustang.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ The 1963 Mustang II concept car was designed with a variation of the production model's front and rear ends with a roof that was 2.7 inches shorter.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ Introduced early on April 17, 1964 (16 days after the Plymouth Barracuda), and thus dubbed as a \"1964½\" by Mustang fans, the 1965 Mustang was the automaker's most successful launch since the Model A.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ The Mustang has undergone several transformations to its current sixth generation.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ The Mustang created the \"pony car\" class of American muscle cars, affordable sporty coupes with long hoods and short rear decks, and gave rise to competitors such as the Chevrolet Camaro, Pontiac Firebird, AMC Javelin, Chrysler's revamped Plymouth Barracuda, and the second generation Dodge Challenger.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ The Mustang is also credited for inspiring the designs of coupés such as the Toyota Celica and Ford Capri, which were imported to the United States.", "Dragonite International Limited __knowledge__ Dragonite International Limited is a health care and pharmaceutical company.", "Dragonite International Limited __knowledge__ In 2013, Imperial Tobacco purchased Dragonite's electronic cigarette division.", "Dragonite International Limited __knowledge__ It was formerly known as Ruyan Group (Holdings) Limited (Simplified Chinese:如烟集团有限公司; Traditional Chinese: 如煙集團有限公司; Pinyin: rúyān Jítuán Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī), and initially, Golden Dragon Group (Holdings).", "Dragonite International Limited __knowledge__ Mr. Hon Lik (now Ruyan America's Chairman) patented a design (using high-frequency electronics) and is the original inventor of the first e-cigarettes sold (2003) and Ruyan has registered patents in more than 40 countries since 2003.", "Dragonite International Limited __knowledge__ Ruyan began to form the idea for the electronic cigarette in 2000.", "Kiddie ride __knowledge__ A kiddie ride - or kids' ride - is a coin-operated amusement ride for young children.", "Kiddie ride __knowledge__ Kiddie rides are commonly available in amusement parks, arcades, malls, hotel game rooms and outside supermarkets and discount department stores.", "Kiddie ride __knowledge__ Less commonly, they may also appear in other venues such as restaurants, food courts, grocery shops and auto dealerships.", "Kiddie ride __knowledge__ When activated by a coin, a kiddie ride entertains the rider with motion, depending on the ride type (miniature Ferris wheel, miniature carousel, track ride or stationary platform ride).", "Kiddie ride __knowledge__ Most rides include sounds and music, and some feature flashing lights, pedals, and buttons.", "Industry in Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ Manufacturing and industry in Syracuse, New York proliferated from the late 1870s through the early 20th century, a period known as the Industrial Revolution.", "Industry in Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ The Central New York area was home to a multitude of manufacturers in the late 19th century through the mid-1960s which produced a great era of prosperity for the city.", "Industry in Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ During the early 1900s, some 87 large industries were scattered throughout the city of Syracuse.", "Industry in Syracuse, New York __knowledge__ The principal businesses were located along Erie Boulevard and the city line and around the shore of Onondaga Lake and manufactured goods such as typewriters, candles, pottery, gears, electrical and air-conditioning equipment, traffic signals, plated silverware, window fixtures for trains, cast stone building blocks, clothes-pressing machines, and doorknobs.", "Fender Esquire __knowledge__ The Fender Esquire is a solid-body electric guitar manufactured by Fender, the first solid-body guitar sold by Fender, debuting in 1950.", "Fender Esquire __knowledge__ Shortly after its introduction, a two-pickup version was introduced and was renamed the \"Broadcaster\" a few months later; the single pickup version retained the Esquire name.", "Fender Esquire __knowledge__ The Gretsch Company at the time marketed a drum set under the 'Broadkaster' name, and at their request, Fender dropped the Broadcaster name, eventually renaming their guitar the \"Telecaster\".", "Fender Esquire __knowledge__ The more versatile Broadcaster/Telecaster has since become one of Fender's most popular models with dozens of variations produced.", "Nickelodeon Toys __knowledge__ This is a list of toys created by the popular children's television network Nickelodeon.", "Nickelodeon Toys __knowledge__ A number of molding substances for children's play were created and sold by the American children's television channel Nickelodeon and toy company Mattel in the 1990s.", "Nickelodeon Toys __knowledge__ Like most molding compounds, they could be kept in their container to retain plasticity, or molded and allowed to harden overnight.", "Nickelodeon Toys __knowledge__ They featured a wide variety of compounds with different attributes.", "Nickelodeon Toys __knowledge__ Nickelodeon's first compound, whose idea was first taken from the classic Nickelodeon show \"You Can't Do That on Television\".", "Nickelodeon Toys __knowledge__ Nickelodeon Slime was first manufactured in the 1980s.", "United States Playing Card Company __knowledge__ The United States Playing Card Company, established in 1867, produces and distributes many brands of playing cards, including \"Bicycle\", \"Bee\", \"Hoyle\", \"Kem\", and others, plus novelty and custom cards, and other playing card accessories such as poker chips.", "United States Playing Card Company __knowledge__ The company was once based in Cincinnati, Ohio, but is now headquartered in the Cincinnati suburb of Erlanger, Kentucky.", "United States Playing Card Company __knowledge__ It is currently a subsidiary of Newell Brands.", "United States Playing Card Company __knowledge__ The company was founded in 1867 as Russell, Morgan & Co., a printing company.", "United States Playing Card Company __knowledge__ In 1881, Colonel Robert J. Morgan, recruited a talented, young inventor from New York named Samuel J. Murray, whose patented inventions increased the output of cards at the company's Norwood, Ohio plant fourfold and cut labor costs by 66 percent.", "Rubik's Magic __knowledge__ Rubik's Magic, like Rubik's Cube, is a mechanical puzzle invented by Ernő Rubik and first manufactured by Matchbox in the mid-1980s.", "Rubik's Magic __knowledge__ The puzzle consists of eight black square tiles (changed to red squares with goldish rings in 1997) arranged in a 2 × 4 rectangle; diagonal grooves on the tiles hold wires that connect them, allowing them to be folded onto each other and unfolded again in two perpendicular directions (assuming that no other connections restrict the movement) in a manner similar to a Jacob's Ladder toy.", "Rubik's Magic __knowledge__ The front side of the puzzle shows, in the initial state, three separate, rainbow-coloured rings; the back side consists of a scrambled picture of three interconnected rings.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ The Ford Motor Company (commonly referred to simply as \"Ford\") is an American multinational automaker headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ The company sells automobiles and commercial vehicles under the Ford brand and most luxury cars under the Lincoln brand.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford also owns Brazilian SUV manufacturer, Troller, and Australian performance car manufacturer FPV.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ In the past, it has also produced tractors and automotive components.", "Ford Motor Company __knowledge__ Ford owns an 8% stake in Aston Martin of the United Kingdom, and a 49% stake in Jiangling of China.", "Ford Mustang (sixth generation) __knowledge__ The sixth generation Ford Mustang is the current iteration of the Mustang pony car manufactured by Ford.", "Ford Mustang (sixth generation) __knowledge__ The sixth generation was presented at private Ford events on December 5, 2013 and commenced series production at the Ford Flat Rock Assembly Plant on July 14, 2014.", "Ford Mustang (sixth generation) __knowledge__ In departure from prior Mustang models, the sixth generation Mustang includes fully independent rear suspension on all models, as well as an optional 2.3L EcoBoost turbocharged and direct injected four cylinder engine.", "Ford Mustang (sixth generation) __knowledge__ The new Mustang was introduced as a 2015 model year vehicle, marking the fiftieth anniversary of the Ford Mustang, which was revealed as a 1965 model year vehicle on April 17, 1964.", "Ford Mustang variants __knowledge__ Ford and several third party companies offered many modified versions of the highly popular Mustang in order to cater to specific portions of the marketplace outside of the mainstream.", "Ford Mustang variants __knowledge__ High-performance enthusiasts seek more powerful, sharper handling, sports cars, while collectors and purists seek limited production and alternate or nostalgic styling, such as is commonly found on many commemorative editions.", "Ford Mustang variants __knowledge__ Still, others were made purely for experimental concepts such as the McLaren M81 (turbo) and SVO, which later influenced production model design.", "Ford Mustang variants __knowledge__ Most variants include both performance upgrades, and unique cosmetic treatments that are typically minimal to maintain the familiar appearance of a stock Mustang.", "Ford Falcon (Australia) __knowledge__ The Ford Falcon was a full-sized car manufactured by the Ford Motor Company of Australia from 1960 to 2016.", "Ford Falcon (Australia) __knowledge__ From the XA series of 1972 onward, each Falcon and range of derivates have been designed, developed, and built in Australia, following the phasing out of the American-influenced Falcon of 1960 to 1971, which had been re-engineered locally as the XK to XY series for the harsher Australian conditions.", "Ford Falcon (Australia) __knowledge__ The luxury-oriented Ford Fairmont model joined the range from 1965.", "Ford Falcon (Australia) __knowledge__ Luxury long-wheelbase derivative versions called the Ford Fairlane and LTD arrived in 1967 and 1973, respectively (with production ending in 2007).", "Ford Mustang (fifth generation) __knowledge__ The fifth-generation Ford Mustang is a pony car that was manufactured by Ford from 2005 to 2014, at the Flat Rock Assembly Plant in Flat Rock, Michigan.", "Ford Mustang (fifth generation) __knowledge__ The fifth generation began with the 2005 model year, and received a facelift for the 2010 model year.", "Ford Mustang (fifth generation) __knowledge__ Originally designed by Sid Ramnarace through late 2001 and finalized in mid-2002, the fifth-generation Mustang's design was previewed by two preproduction concept cars that debuted at the 2003 North American International Auto Show.", "Ford Mustang (fifth generation) __knowledge__ Development began on the S-197 program in 1999 under chief engineer Hau Thai-Tang, shortly after the 1998 launch of \"New Edge\" SN-95 facelift.", "Shelby Mustang __knowledge__ The Shelby Mustang is a high performance variant of the Ford Mustang which was built by Shelby American from 1965 to 1968, and from 1969 to 1970 by Ford.", "Shelby Mustang __knowledge__ Following the introduction of the fifth generation Ford Mustang in 2005, the Shelby nameplate was revived as a new high-performance model, this time designed and built by Ford.", "Shelby Mustang __knowledge__ The 1965–1966 cars were the smallest and lightest of the GT 350 models.", "Shelby Mustang __knowledge__ These cars are often called \"Cobras\", which was the Ford-powered AC-based two-seat sports car also produced by Shelby American during the same period.", "Shelby Mustang __knowledge__ Both models use the Cobra emblem, similar paint scheme, and the optional \"Cobra\" valve covers on many GT350s that were part of a marketing tie-in by Shelby, as well as one of his iconic symbols." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ The Ford Mustang is an American car manufactured by Ford.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ It was originally based on the platform of the second generation North American Ford Falcon, a compact car.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ The original 1962 Ford Mustang I two-seater concept car had evolved into the 1963 Mustang II four-seater concept car which Ford used to pretest how the public would take interest in the first production Mustang.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ The 1963 Mustang II concept car was designed with a variation of the production model's front and rear ends with a roof that was 2.7 inches shorter.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ Introduced early on April 17, 1964 (16 days after the Plymouth Barracuda), and thus dubbed as a \"1964½\" by Mustang fans, the 1965 Mustang was the automaker's most successful launch since the Model A.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ The Mustang has undergone several transformations to its current sixth generation.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ The Mustang created the \"pony car\" class of American muscle cars, affordable sporty coupes with long hoods and short rear decks, and gave rise to competitors such as the Chevrolet Camaro, Pontiac Firebird, AMC Javelin, Chrysler's revamped Plymouth Barracuda, and the second generation Dodge Challenger.", "Ford Mustang __knowledge__ The Mustang is also credited for inspiring the designs of coupés such as the Toyota Celica and Ford Capri, which were imported to the United States.", "Ford Mustang (fourth generation) __knowledge__ The fourth generation Ford Mustang was an automobile produced by the American manufacturer Ford for the 1994 through 2004 model years.", "Ford Mustang (fourth generation) __knowledge__ For 1994 the Ford Mustang underwent its first major redesign in fifteen years.", "Ford Mustang (fourth generation) __knowledge__ The design, code named \"SN-95\" by Ford, was based on an updated version of the Fox platform.", "Ford Mustang (fourth generation) __knowledge__ It featured styling by Bud Magaldi that incorporated some stylistic elements from the classic Mustangs.", "Ford Mustang (fourth generation) __knowledge__ A convertible returned, but the notchback and hatchback bodystyles used in the earlier Mustangs were not available and now formed into a single fastback coupe bodystyle.", "Ford Mustang (fourth generation) __knowledge__ Prior to the redesigned Mustang's launch, a two-seater show car was designed by Darrell Behmer and Bud Magali.", "Ford Mustang variants __knowledge__ Ford and several third party companies offered many modified versions of the highly popular Mustang in order to cater to specific portions of the marketplace outside of the mainstream.", "Ford Mustang variants __knowledge__ High-performance enthusiasts seek more powerful, sharper handling, sports cars, while collectors and purists seek limited production and alternate or nostalgic styling, such as is commonly found on many commemorative editions.", "Ford Mustang variants __knowledge__ Still, others were made purely for experimental concepts such as the McLaren M81 (turbo) and SVO, which later influenced production model design.", "Ford Mustang variants __knowledge__ Most variants include both performance upgrades, and unique cosmetic treatments that are typically minimal to maintain the familiar appearance of a stock Mustang.", "Shelby Mustang __knowledge__ The Shelby Mustang is a high performance variant of the Ford Mustang which was built by Shelby American from 1965 to 1968, and from 1969 to 1970 by Ford.", "Shelby Mustang __knowledge__ Following the introduction of the fifth generation Ford Mustang in 2005, the Shelby nameplate was revived as a new high-performance model, this time designed and built by Ford.", "Shelby Mustang __knowledge__ The 1965–1966 cars were the smallest and lightest of the GT 350 models.", "Shelby Mustang __knowledge__ These cars are often called \"Cobras\", which was the Ford-powered AC-based two-seat sports car also produced by Shelby American during the same period.", "Shelby Mustang __knowledge__ Both models use the Cobra emblem, similar paint scheme, and the optional \"Cobra\" valve covers on many GT350s that were part of a marketing tie-in by Shelby, as well as one of his iconic symbols.", "Mustang District __knowledge__ Mustang District (), a part of Province No.", "Mustang District __knowledge__ 4 in Dhawalagiri Zone of northern Nepal, is one of the seventy-five districts of Nepal.", "Mustang District __knowledge__ The district, with Jomsom as its headquarters, covers an area of 3,573 km² and has a population (2011) of 13,452.", "Mustang District __knowledge__ The district straddles the Himalayas and extends northward onto the Tibetan plateau.", "Mustang District __knowledge__ Mustang is one of the remotest areas in Nepal and is second in terms of the sparsity of population.", "Mustang District __knowledge__ Mustand is an ancient forbidden kingdom, boredred by the Tibetan plateau and sheltered by some of world's tallest peaks, including 8000-meter tall Annapurna and Dhaulagiri.", "Ford Mustang (fifth generation) __knowledge__ The fifth-generation Ford Mustang is a pony car that was manufactured by Ford from 2005 to 2014, at the Flat Rock Assembly Plant in Flat Rock, Michigan.", "Ford Mustang (fifth generation) __knowledge__ The fifth generation began with the 2005 model year, and received a facelift for the 2010 model year.", "Ford Mustang (fifth generation) __knowledge__ Originally designed by Sid Ramnarace through late 2001 and finalized in mid-2002, the fifth-generation Mustang's design was previewed by two preproduction concept cars that debuted at the 2003 North American International Auto Show.", "Ford Mustang (fifth generation) __knowledge__ Development began on the S-197 program in 1999 under chief engineer Hau Thai-Tang, shortly after the 1998 launch of \"New Edge\" SN-95 facelift.", "List of Fullmetal Alchemist characters __knowledge__ The \"Fullmetal Alchemist\" manga and anime series feature an extensive cast of fictional characters created by Hiromu Arakawa.", "List of Fullmetal Alchemist characters __knowledge__ The story is set in a fictional universe within the 20th century in which alchemy is one of the most advanced scientific techniques.", "List of Fullmetal Alchemist characters __knowledge__ Although they basically start the same, the first anime, midway through its run, begins to differ greatly from the original manga; characters that are killed early on in the manga survive to the end of the first anime and vice versa.", "List of Fullmetal Alchemist characters __knowledge__ The second anime's (\"\") events, however, faithfully follow those from the manga.", "List of Fullmetal Alchemist characters __knowledge__ The story follows the adventures of two alchemist brothers named Edward and Alphonse Elric.", "Ford Mustang I __knowledge__ The Ford Mustang I is a small, mid-engined (4-cylinder), open two-seater concept car with aluminium body work that was built by Ford in 1962.", "Ford Mustang I __knowledge__ Although it shared few design elements with the final production vehicle, it did lend its name to the line.", "Ford Mustang I __knowledge__ The original Ford Mustang was a product of the Fairlane Group, a committee of Ford managers led by Lee Iacocca.", "Ford Mustang I __knowledge__ The Fairlane Group worked on new product needs and, in the summer of 1962, the Group laid out the framework of a new sports car.", "Ford Mustang I __knowledge__ The automaker made a \"tentative bid to fill a vacuum between Go-Karts and the Corvette\" as well as to compete in FIA category 9 (SCCA Class G).\"", "Ford Mustang (second generation) __knowledge__ The second-generation Ford Mustang, marketed as the Ford Mustang II, is a pony car that was manufactured by Ford from 1973 until 1978.", "Ford Mustang (second generation) __knowledge__ It was introduced in showrooms during September 1973, in coupe and hatchback versions for the 1974 model year, in time for the 1973 oil crisis.", "Ford Mustang (second generation) __knowledge__ The Mustang II had no common components with the preceding models and shared its platform with the subcompact-sized Ford Pinto.", "Ford Mustang (second generation) __knowledge__ The first generation Mustangs grew in size; the 1973 model had become markedly larger than the original model.", "Ford Mustang (second generation) __knowledge__ The pony car market segment saw decreasing sales in the early-1970s \"with many buyers turning to lower-priced, fuel-efficient compacts like Ford's own Maverick – a huge first-year success itself.\"", "1963 Ford Mustang II (concept car) __knowledge__ The Ford Mustang II is a small, front-engined (V8), open \"two-plus-two\" concept car built by the Ford Motor Company in 1963.", "1963 Ford Mustang II (concept car) __knowledge__ Although bearing the same name as the first generation production Mustang, the four-seater Mustang II which closely resembled the final production variant that would appear in 1964, was intended primarily for the auto show circuit.", "1963 Ford Mustang II (concept car) __knowledge__ After debuting at the 1963 Watkins Glen Grand Prix, the Mustang II had a short lifespan as a show car before being relegated to the task of \"test mule\".", "1963 Ford Mustang II (concept car) __knowledge__ The sole example still exists, albeit in storage at the Detroit Historical Museum.", "1963 Ford Mustang II (concept car) __knowledge__ The original Ford Mustang was a product of the Fairlane Group, a committee of Ford managers and executives led by Vice-president and General Manager Lee Iacocca.", "Toyota concept vehicles, 1935–69 __knowledge__ Toyota concept vehicles produced between 1935 and 1969 include: The A1 was made in May 1935 as Toyota's first complete vehicle.", "Toyota concept vehicles, 1935–69 __knowledge__ It entered production in slightly modified form in 1936 as the AA.", "Toyota concept vehicles, 1935–69 __knowledge__ The Sports X was a concept car shown at the 1961 Tokyo Motor Show.", "Toyota concept vehicles, 1935–69 __knowledge__ Styling was similar to Italian show cars of the time, with slim pillars and a light roof.", "Toyota concept vehicles, 1935–69 __knowledge__ A 1900 cc engine was used with other mechanicals based on the Crown.", "Toyota concept vehicles, 1935–69 __knowledge__ It was not put into production.", "Toyota concept vehicles, 1935–69 __knowledge__ The Airport Limousine was a concept car shown at the 1961 Tokyo Motor Show.", "Toyota concept vehicles, 1935–69 __knowledge__ Based on the Crown, the Airport Limousine was a 6-door wagon that retained the fins and side panels of the Crown sedan." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 6 ]

[ "My dad drives a Mustang, an American car manufactured by Ford. ", "1962. The original Mustang was a two seater concept car.", "The Mustang has undergone several transformations to get to its current sixth generation model." ]

[ "Ford Mustang", "Ford Mustang", "Ford Mustang" ]

[ "Teacher", "That's awesome. What subject does he teach?", "Did he have to go through any special training to become a teacher?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Teacher __knowledge__ A teacher (also called a school teacher or, in some contexts, an educator) is a person who helps others to acquire knowledge, competences or values.", "Teacher __knowledge__ \"Informally\" the role of teacher may be taken on by anyone (e.g.", "Teacher __knowledge__ when showing a colleague how to perform a specific task).", "Teacher __knowledge__ In some countries, teaching young people of school age may be carried out in an informal setting, such as within the family (homeschooling), rather than in a formal setting such as a school or college.", "Teacher __knowledge__ Some other professions may involve a significant amount of teaching (e.g.", "Teacher __knowledge__ youth worker, pastor).", "Teacher __knowledge__ In most countries, \"formal\" teaching of students is usually carried out by paid professional teachers.", "Teacher __knowledge__ This article focuses on those who are \"employed\", as their main role, to teach others in a \"formal\" education context, such as at a school or other place of \"initial\" formal education or training.", "Teacher __knowledge__ A teacher's role may vary among cultures.", "Teacher __knowledge__ Teachers may provide instruction in literacy and numeracy, craftsmanship or vocational training, the arts, religion, civics, community roles, or life skills.", "Teacher __knowledge__ Formal teaching tasks include preparing lessons according to agreed curricula, giving lessons, and assessing pupil progress.", "Teacher __knowledge__ A teacher's professional duties may extend beyond formal teaching." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Teacher __knowledge__ A teacher (also called a school teacher or, in some contexts, an educator) is a person who helps others to acquire knowledge, competences or values.", "Teacher __knowledge__ \"Informally\" the role of teacher may be taken on by anyone (e.g.", "Teacher __knowledge__ when showing a colleague how to perform a specific task).", "Teacher __knowledge__ In some countries, teaching young people of school age may be carried out in an informal setting, such as within the family (homeschooling), rather than in a formal setting such as a school or college.", "Teacher __knowledge__ Some other professions may involve a significant amount of teaching (e.g.", "Teacher __knowledge__ youth worker, pastor).", "Teacher __knowledge__ In most countries, \"formal\" teaching of students is usually carried out by paid professional teachers.", "Teacher __knowledge__ This article focuses on those who are \"employed\", as their main role, to teach others in a \"formal\" education context, such as at a school or other place of \"initial\" formal education or training.", "Teacher __knowledge__ A teacher's role may vary among cultures.", "Teacher __knowledge__ Teachers may provide instruction in literacy and numeracy, craftsmanship or vocational training, the arts, religion, civics, community roles, or life skills.", "Teacher __knowledge__ Formal teaching tasks include preparing lessons according to agreed curricula, giving lessons, and assessing pupil progress.", "Teacher __knowledge__ A teacher's professional duties may extend beyond formal teaching.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Michael Lee Alfonso (January 24, 1965 – February 17, 2007) was an American professional wrestler.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ He was best known for his appearances with the American professional wrestling promotions Extreme Championship Wrestling, World Championship Wrestling and the World Wrestling Federation under the ring name Mike Awesome and for his appearances in Japan for with Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling and All Japan Pro Wrestling as The Gladiator.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso was trained to wrestle by Steve Keirn, debuting on February 26, 1989.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso trained for about one year along with former professional wrestlers, Dennis Knight (Mideon, Phineas Godwin) and the late \"Big\" Al Green before making his debut.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the series \"The Awesomes\".", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Professor Dr. Jeremy \"Prock\" Awesome (voiced by Seth Meyers) - The son of Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Jeremy Awesome is the young new leader of the Awesomes.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Known as Prock (a portmanteau of Professor and Doctor, since Prock has a JD and an MD) he has always wanted to be a superhero like his father, Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Prock disappointingly doesn't have any of his father's impressive physical powers: indeed, he is unimposing and injury-prone.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ However, he's the smartest on the team and a natural leader: in a crisis he comes up with excellent plans and assigns jobs to everyone on the team.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ awesome is a dynamic window manager for the X Window System developed in the C and Lua programming languages.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ Lua is also used for configuring and extending the window manager.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ Its development began as a fork of dwm.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ It aims to be extremely small and fast, yet extensively customizable.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ It makes it possible for the user to manage windows with the use of keyboard.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ The fork was initially nicknamed \"jdwm\", with \"jd\" denoting the principal programmer's initials, and with dwm reminding of the software project it forked from.", "Awesome (window manager) __knowledge__ The first git repository for what was to become awesome was set up in September 2007. jdwm was renamed to awesome, named after the same phrase used by the \"How I Met Your Mother\" character Barney Stinson.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ Awesome Comics or Awesome Entertainment (also known as Awesome-Hyperwerks when they were briefly joined with Hyperwerks Entertainment) was an American comic book studio formed in 1997 by Image Comics co-founder Rob Liefeld.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ The company closed in 2000.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ In 1992, seven high-profile comics artists left Marvel Comics to form their own publisher, where comics creators could publish creator-owned material without having to give up copyright-control to their characters.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ The seven artists (bar Whilce Portacio, who opted not to become a full partner) formed a partnership between their individual studios, and published their comics under the over-arcing Image Comics banner.", "1000 Awesome Things __knowledge__ 1000 Awesome Things is a regularly updated, Webby Award winning blog written by Neil Pasricha, who posts one awesome thing in life each weekday.", "1000 Awesome Things __knowledge__ The site was launched on June 20, 2008 with #1000 Broccoflower and is counting down until it hits #1.", "1000 Awesome Things __knowledge__ The topics covered on the blog are varied, and range from #981, Wearing underwear just out of the dryer, to #858, The other side of the pillow, and #773, watching your odometer click over a major milestone.", "1000 Awesome Things __knowledge__ An awesome thing is posted every weekday and #1 was posted on April 19, 2012.", "1000 Awesome Things __knowledge__ The website has a live stats counter on it and has approximately 48 million hits.", "Masato Tanaka __knowledge__ Originally a trainee for George and Shunji Takano's Pro Wrestling Crusaders, Tanaka transferred to Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling where he trained under Atsushi Onita.", "Masato Tanaka __knowledge__ Tanaka debuted on July 23, 1993 in Saga City, facing Ricky Fuji.", "Masato Tanaka __knowledge__ He quickly began moving up the card in FMW, widely regarded as the top hardcore professional wrestling promotion in Japan.", "Masato Tanaka __knowledge__ Wrestling in matches featuring explosions and barbed wire, Tanaka earned a variety of scars, and the nickname \"Dangan\", which he would often shout during his matches.", "Masato Tanaka __knowledge__ By 1996 he was one of the promotion's major stars, and had feuded with such luminaries as Mr. Pogo, Mr. Gannosuke, Terry Funk and Mike Awesome.", "Eikev __knowledge__ Eikev, Ekev, Ekeb, Aikev, or Eqeb ( — Hebrew for \"if [you follow],\" the second word, and the first distinctive word, in the parashah) is the 46th weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the third in the Book of Deuteronomy.", "Eikev __knowledge__ It comprises The parashah tells of the blessings of obedience to God and the dangers of forgetting God, directions for taking the Land of Israel.", "Eikev __knowledge__ Moses recalls the making and re-making of the Tablets of Stone, the incident of the Golden Calf, Aaron's death, the Levites' duties, and exhortations to serve God.", "Eikev __knowledge__ The parashah is made up of 6,865 Hebrew letters, 1,747 Hebrew words, and 111 verses, and can occupy about 232 lines in a Torah Scroll (, \"Sefer Torah\").", "Neeti Sastra __knowledge__ Neeti Saara or Neeti Sastra is a popular collection of morals written by Baddena, a Telugu poet.", "Neeti Sastra __knowledge__ Baddena (1220-1280?", "Neeti Sastra __knowledge__ AD) is the composer of the most famous Sumathi Satakam as well as Niti Sastra.", "Neeti Sastra __knowledge__ Complete details about his origin are not known.", "Neeti Sastra __knowledge__ But, He was believed to be a Chola prince and was called as Bhadra Bhupala.", "Neeti Sastra __knowledge__ He was a Samanta Raju (vassal) under the Kakateeya Rudrama Devi (reign: 1262-1296 AD) during the thirteenth century.", "Neeti Sastra __knowledge__ 1.", "Neeti Sastra __knowledge__ I shall expound Nitisara (essence of maxims on right conduct) compiled from all scriptures, bowing down to Vishnu, the lord of the universe.", "Neeti Sastra __knowledge__ 2.", "Neeti Sastra __knowledge__ Listen to the complete essence of dharma (right action) and contemplate on it.", "Philosophy of education __knowledge__ Philosophy of education can refer either to the application of philosophy to the problem of education, examining definitions, goals and chains of meaning used in education by teachers, administrators and policymakers.", "Philosophy of education __knowledge__ It can involve the examination of particular visions or approaches by researchers and policy-makers in education that often address contemporary debates and assumptions about innovations and practices in teaching and learning by considering the profession within broader philosophical or sociocultural contexts.", "Philosophy of education __knowledge__ As an academic field, study involves \"the philosophical study of education and its problems...its central subject matter is education, and its methods are those of philosophy\".", "List of Horrid Henry characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that appear in the British series of children's books, \"Horrid Henry\", written by Francesca Simon.", "List of Horrid Henry characters __knowledge__ It also includes names from the CITV TV series of the same name.", "List of Horrid Henry characters __knowledge__ Aerobic Al is an extremely athletic boy, who is often displayed engaging in various athletic endavours.", "List of Horrid Henry characters __knowledge__ He has blonde hair and is shown to be one of Henry's close friends.", "List of Horrid Henry characters __knowledge__ He is often seen with Ralph and Bert.", "List of Horrid Henry characters __knowledge__ He loves Fuzzy Gumball Sweets as shown in Horrid Henry's Sports Day.", "List of Horrid Henry characters __knowledge__ He wears a white shirt with blue collars and shorts, and teal keds.", "List of Horrid Henry characters __knowledge__ In the TV series, he speaks with a Birmingham accent and is voiced by Wayne Forester.", "Language acquisition __knowledge__ Language acquisition is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language, as well as to produce and use words and sentences to communicate.", "Language acquisition __knowledge__ Language acquisition is one of the quintessential human traits, because non-humans do not communicate by using language.", "Language acquisition __knowledge__ Language acquisition usually refers to first-language acquisition, which studies infants' acquisition of their native language.", "Language acquisition __knowledge__ This is distinguished from \"second-language acquisition\", which deals with the acquisition (in both children and adults) of additional languages.", "Language acquisition __knowledge__ Linguists who are interested in child language acquisition for many years question how language is acquired, lidz et al.", "Hebrew Roots __knowledge__ Hebrew Roots is a movement that advocates the return and adherence to the first century walk of faith and obedience to the Torah by seeking a better understanding of the culture, history, and religio-political backdrop of that era which led to the core differences with both the Jewish, and later, the Christian communities.", "Hebrew Roots __knowledge__ Joseph Good provides a good summary of religio-political history: “During this time [after the fall of Jerusalem in 70 A.D.], congregations in the Diaspora (dispersion) scattered throughout the Roman world, experienced radical changes.", "Hebrew Roots __knowledge__ To support the Jewish people, or even Jewish customs, was interpreted to as not being loyal to Rome... \"In spite of this, Jews were still becoming believers, so much so that in 90 Common Era (C.E), Rabbinical leaders who did not believe in Yeshua took steps to bar the Jewish believers from the synagogues.", "St. Dorothy School __knowledge__ St. Dorothy School is a Catholic school on the South side of Chicago, Illinois in the United States.", "St. Dorothy School __knowledge__ St. Dorothy School is part of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago.", "St. Dorothy School __knowledge__ It was founded in 1916 in 1916 by Archbishop George Mundelein, and Rev.", "St. Dorothy School __knowledge__ John Scanlan was the first acting priest.", "St. Dorothy School __knowledge__ St. Dorothy School is named after Dorothea of Caesarea.", "St. Dorothy School __knowledge__ In July 1916, Archbishop George Mundelem helped Rev.", "St. Dorothy School __knowledge__ John Scanlan to make a Southside church dedicated to Dorothea of Caesarea.", "St. Dorothy School __knowledge__ On July 16, 1916 the first mass was held at 811 East 75 street.", "St. Dorothy School __knowledge__ On April 15, 1917 St. Dorothy's church and school building were complete and the first mass at the new church was November 18, 1917." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Teacher __knowledge__ A teacher (also called a school teacher or, in some contexts, an educator) is a person who helps others to acquire knowledge, competences or values.", "Teacher __knowledge__ \"Informally\" the role of teacher may be taken on by anyone (e.g.", "Teacher __knowledge__ when showing a colleague how to perform a specific task).", "Teacher __knowledge__ In some countries, teaching young people of school age may be carried out in an informal setting, such as within the family (homeschooling), rather than in a formal setting such as a school or college.", "Teacher __knowledge__ Some other professions may involve a significant amount of teaching (e.g.", "Teacher __knowledge__ youth worker, pastor).", "Teacher __knowledge__ In most countries, \"formal\" teaching of students is usually carried out by paid professional teachers.", "Teacher __knowledge__ This article focuses on those who are \"employed\", as their main role, to teach others in a \"formal\" education context, such as at a school or other place of \"initial\" formal education or training.", "Teacher __knowledge__ A teacher's role may vary among cultures.", "Teacher __knowledge__ Teachers may provide instruction in literacy and numeracy, craftsmanship or vocational training, the arts, religion, civics, community roles, or life skills.", "Teacher __knowledge__ Formal teaching tasks include preparing lessons according to agreed curricula, giving lessons, and assessing pupil progress.", "Teacher __knowledge__ A teacher's professional duties may extend beyond formal teaching.", "Education in China __knowledge__ Education in China is a state-run system of public education run by the Ministry of Education.", "Education in China __knowledge__ All citizens must attend school for at least nine years, known as the nine-year compulsory education, which the government funds.", "Education in China __knowledge__ It includes six years of primary education, starting at age six or seven, and three years of junior secondary education (junior middle school) for ages 12 to 15.", "Education in China __knowledge__ Some provinces may have five years of primary school but four years for junior middle school.", "Education in China __knowledge__ After junior middle school, there are three years of senior middle school, which then completes the secondary education.", "United States Marine Corps Recruit Training __knowledge__ United States Marine Corps Recruit Training (commonly known as \"boot camp\") is a 13-week program of initial training that each recruit must successfully complete in order to serve in the United States Marine Corps.", "United States Marine Corps Recruit Training __knowledge__ All enlisted individuals entering the Marine Corps, regardless of eventual active or reserve duty status, will undergo recruit training at one of the two Marine Corps Recruit Depots (MCRD): Parris Island, South Carolina or San Diego, California.", "United States Marine Corps Recruit Training __knowledge__ Male recruits from the 8th, 9th and 12th recruiting districts (areas west of the Mississippi River except Louisiana and including parts of Illinois, Indiana, Wisconsin and Michigan) are sent to MCRD San Diego.", "Monbukagakusho Scholarship __knowledge__ The (formerly known as Monbusho Scholarship) is a scholarship offered by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (\"Monbu-kagaku-shō\").", "Monbukagakusho Scholarship __knowledge__ To date, some 65,000 students from approximately 160 countries and regions around the world have studied in Japan under the Japanese Government Scholarship program established in 1954.", "Monbukagakusho Scholarship __knowledge__ There are seven types of Japanese government-sponsored scholarships available under the Japanese Government (Monbu-kagaku-shō) Scholarship program: those for research students, teacher training students, undergraduate university students, Japanese studies students, college of technology students, special training students and YLP students.", "National Special Operations Force (Malaysia) __knowledge__ The National Special Operations Force (NSOF) () is Malaysia's main security force which serves as the first responder to any terror threats on the country's sovereignty.", "National Special Operations Force (Malaysia) __knowledge__ The force covers elements from the Malaysian Armed Forces, Royal Malaysia Police and the Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency.", "National Special Operations Force (Malaysia) __knowledge__ NSOF is the third Task Force attached to the National Security Council (NSC) () after the Federal Special Task Force (PPKPS/L) and Special Malaysia Disaster Assistance and Rescue Team (SMART).", "National Special Operations Force (Malaysia) __knowledge__ Formed on 27 October 2016 by Prime Minister Najib Razak, the NSOF will serve as the nation's security forces first responders against all threats, including the Islamic State terror group.", "Higher education in Japan __knowledge__ Higher education in Japan is provided at universities (大学 \"daigaku\"), junior colleges (短期大学 \"tanki daigaku\"), colleges of technology (高等専門学校 \"kōtō senmon gakkō\") and special training schools and community colleges (専修学校 \"senshū gakkō\").", "Higher education in Japan __knowledge__ Of these four types of institutions, only universities and junior colleges are strictly considered postsecondary education providers.", "Higher education in Japan __knowledge__ The modern Japanese higher education system has undergone numerous changes since the Meiji period and was largely modeled after Western countries such as Germany, France, Britain, and the United States with traditional Japanese pedagogical elements to create a unique Japanese model to serve its national needs.", "Scuba diving __knowledge__ Scuba diving is a form of underwater diving where the diver uses a self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (scuba) which is completely independent of surface supply, to breathe underwater.", "Scuba diving __knowledge__ Scuba divers carry their own source of breathing gas, usually compressed air, allowing them greater independence and freedom of movement than surface-supplied divers, and longer underwater endurance than breath-hold divers.", "Scuba diving __knowledge__ Open circuit scuba systems discharge the breathing gas into the environment as it is exhaled, and consist of one or more diving cylinders containing breathing gas at high pressure which is supplied to the diver through a regulator.", "Shotokan Karate of America __knowledge__ Shotokan Karate of America (SKA) is a non-profit organization whose mission is to teach traditional karate-do in the United States.", "Shotokan Karate of America __knowledge__ It was founded and is still led by Tsutomu Ohshima, a direct student of Gichin Funakoshi, the father of Shotokan karate.", "Shotokan Karate of America __knowledge__ Today, Ohshima is recognized as the \"shihan\" (chief instructor) of many other SKA-affiliated Shotokan organizations worldwide.", "Shotokan Karate of America __knowledge__ SKA's national headquarters are in Los Angeles.", "Shotokan Karate of America __knowledge__ Ohshima (1930-) began practicing karate at the Waseda University club in 1948, after having already trained in sumo, kendo, and judo during his childhood.", "Shotokan Karate of America __knowledge__ At the time, Funakoshi, in his early 80s, was still teaching at Waseda and other universities.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Bart vs. Lisa vs. the Third Grade __knowledge__ \"Bart vs. Lisa vs. the Third Grade\" is the third episode of \"The Simpsons\" fourteenth season.", "Bart vs. Lisa vs. the Third Grade __knowledge__ It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on November 17, 2002.", "Bart vs. Lisa vs. the Third Grade __knowledge__ In the episode, the Simpsons buy a satellite television system, which Bart spends so much time watching that he does not study for an important achievement test.", "Bart vs. Lisa vs. the Third Grade __knowledge__ He scores so low that Principal Skinner demotes him to third grade, while Lisa does so well that she is moved up to third grade.", "Bart vs. Lisa vs. the Third Grade __knowledge__ The two are placed in the same class and become rivals.", "Bart vs. Lisa vs. the Third Grade __knowledge__ During a trip to Capital City, they get separated from their class and are forced to help each other in order to find their classmates.", "Tales of a Third Grade Nothing __knowledge__ \"Tales of a Third Grade Nothing\" is the sixth episode and mid-season finale in the seventh season of American animated television series \"Family Guy\".", "Tales of a Third Grade Nothing __knowledge__ It originally aired on Fox in the United States on November 16, 2008.", "Tales of a Third Grade Nothing __knowledge__ The episode follows Peter (voiced by show creator Seth MacFarlane) as he goes back to finish the third grade so that he is able to get a promotion at work.", "Tales of a Third Grade Nothing __knowledge__ It also follows Brian (also voiced by MacFarlane) and Frank Sinatra, Jr. (voiced by himself) as they buy a club and give it to Stewie (MacFarlane) so that he can remodel it.", "Tales of a Third Grade Nothing __knowledge__ The episode was written by Alex Carter and directed by Jerry Langford, their firsts for the \"Family Guy\" series.", "Palmerton Area School District __knowledge__ Palmerton Area School District is a public school district located in Carbon County, Pennsylvania.", "Palmerton Area School District __knowledge__ It serves the boroughs of Palmerton and Bowmanstown, and Lower Towamensing Township and Towamensing Township.", "Palmerton Area School District __knowledge__ The district encompasses approximately .", "Palmerton Area School District __knowledge__ According to 2000 federal census data, it served a resident population of 12,791.", "Palmerton Area School District __knowledge__ By 2010, the district's population increased to 14,056 people.", "Palmerton Area School District __knowledge__ The educational attainment levels for the Palmerton Area School District population (25 years old and over) were 85% high school graduates and 14% college graduates.", "Palmerton Area School District __knowledge__ The District is one of the 500 public school districts of Pennsylvania.", "Pleasant Valley School District (Pennsylvania) __knowledge__ Pleasant Valley School District is a midsized, rural, public school district in the west end of Monroe County, Pennsylvania in the United States.", "Pleasant Valley School District (Pennsylvania) __knowledge__ The district encompasses approximately including: Chestnuthill, Eldred, Polk, and Ross Townships, as well as communities in them, such as Brodheadsville.", "Pleasant Valley School District (Pennsylvania) __knowledge__ According to 2000 federal census data, it served a resident population of 29,051.", "Pleasant Valley School District (Pennsylvania) __knowledge__ By 2010, the US Census Bureau reported the district's population increased to 33,891 people.", "Pleasant Valley School District (Pennsylvania) __knowledge__ In 2009, the district residents’ per capita income was $19,853, while the median family income was $51,433.", "Pleasant Valley School District (Pennsylvania) __knowledge__ In the Commonwealth, the median family income was $49,501 and the United States median family income was $49,445, in 2010.", "Corrective feedback __knowledge__ Corrective feedback is a frequent practice in the field of education and in learning generally.", "Corrective feedback __knowledge__ It typically involves a student receiving either formal or informal feedback on his or her performance on various tasks by a teacher or peer(s).", "Corrective feedback __knowledge__ However, learning that takes place outside of the realm of institutional schooling can also rely heavily on corrective feedback.", "Corrective feedback __knowledge__ Various types of corrective feedback exist, each with its own appropriate uses.", "Corrective feedback __knowledge__ Corrective feedback begins in early childhood with motherese, in which a parent or caregiver provides subtle corrections of a young child's spoken errors.", "Shaler Area School District __knowledge__ Shaler Area School District is a large, suburban public school district located in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania.", "Shaler Area School District __knowledge__ Shaler Area School District encompasses approximately , including: Shaler Township, Etna Borough, Millvale Borough, and Reserve Township.", "Shaler Area School District __knowledge__ According to 2000 federal census data, it served a resident population of 41,565.", "Shaler Area School District __knowledge__ By 2010, the district's population declined to 39,293 people.", "Shaler Area School District __knowledge__ In 2009, Shaler Area School District residents’ per capita income was $21,333, while the median family income was $52,135.", "Shaler Area School District __knowledge__ In the Commonwealth, the median family income was $49,501 and the United States median family income was $49,445, in 2010." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 4 ]

[ "My dad is a teacher and teaches others so they acquire knowledge", "third grade but anyone can be an informal teacher", "Yeah dad has a degree but in some countries its very common to teach at home instead of a formal setting" ]

[ "Teacher", "Teacher", "Teacher" ]

[ "Master of Business Administration", "How long did it take to get that done?", "What kind of job do you have now?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ The Master of Business Administration (MBA or M.B.A.) is a master's degree in business administration (management).", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ The MBA degree originated in the United States in the early 20th century when the country industrialized and companies sought scientific approaches to management.", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ The core courses in an MBA program cover various areas of business such as accounting, applied statistics, business communication, business ethics, business law, finance, managerial economics, management, marketing and operations in a manner most relevant to management analysis and strategy.", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ Most programs also include elective courses and concentrations for further study in a particular area, for example accounting, finance, and marketing.", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ MBA programs in the United States typically require completing about sixty credits, nearly twice the number of credits typically required for degrees that cover some of the same material such as the Master of Economics, Master of Finance, Master of Accountancy, Master of Science in Marketing and Master of Science in Management.", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ The MBA is a terminal degree and a professional degree.", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ Accreditation bodies specifically for MBA programs ensure consistency and quality of education." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ The Master of Business Administration (MBA or M.B.A.) is a master's degree in business administration (management).", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ The MBA degree originated in the United States in the early 20th century when the country industrialized and companies sought scientific approaches to management.", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ The core courses in an MBA program cover various areas of business such as accounting, applied statistics, business communication, business ethics, business law, finance, managerial economics, management, marketing and operations in a manner most relevant to management analysis and strategy.", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ Most programs also include elective courses and concentrations for further study in a particular area, for example accounting, finance, and marketing.", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ MBA programs in the United States typically require completing about sixty credits, nearly twice the number of credits typically required for degrees that cover some of the same material such as the Master of Economics, Master of Finance, Master of Accountancy, Master of Science in Marketing and Master of Science in Management.", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ The MBA is a terminal degree and a professional degree.", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ Accreditation bodies specifically for MBA programs ensure consistency and quality of education.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of character summaries from the FX Networks television series, \"The Shield\".", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ Captain Monica Rawling is a fictional character from the FX television show \"The Shield\", played by Glenn Close, who received an Emmy nomination as Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series for her performance.", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ Monica Rawling succeeded David Aceveda as Captain of the Farmington precinct.", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ A morally strong woman, she tried to redeem Vic Mackey and Ronnie Gardocki by involving them in a controversial asset forfeiture program designed to clean up Farmington, by destroying the neighborhood drug trade.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ This article is about the characters in Brian Jacques' fantasy series \"Redwall\".", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the Abbey Warriors from the books \"The Legend of Luke\" to \"Eulalia!\".", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Martin I is an anthropomorphic mouse, appearing in the \"Redwall\" series by Brian Jacques.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Known as \"Martin the Warrior\" throughout the Redwall series, Martin, a woodland mouse, is the son of Luke the Warrior and his mate Sayna.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Luke is the kindly leader of an idyllic tribe of mice.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Their settlement is sacked by a wicked stoat pirate named Vilu Daskar, and Sayna is killed.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Luke vows revenge against the corsair captain and sets out after him, refusing Martin's wishes to join him, but leaving his sword in his son's possession.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The Biggest Loser: Glory Days is the sixteenth season of \"The Biggest Loser\" which premiered on September 11, 2014 on NBC.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ Bob Harper and Dolvett Quince returned as trainers, while Jillian Michaels decided to leave the show.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ There are two new trainers this season: Jessie Pavelka and Jennifer Widerstrom.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season, the contestants are all former athletes including former National Football League players and Olympic Gold medalists.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ The contestants competed to win a $250,000 prize which was awarded to Toma Dobrosavljevic, the contestant with the highest percentage of weight loss.", "The Biggest Loser (season 16) __knowledge__ This season was also the last for host Alison Sweeney to focus on other projects.", "List of master's degrees in North America __knowledge__ This list refers to specific master's degrees in North America.", "List of master's degrees in North America __knowledge__ Please see master's degree for a more general overview.", "List of master's degrees in North America __knowledge__ Master of Accountancy (MAcc, MAc, MAcy or MPAcc), alternatively Master of Professional Accountancy (MPAcy or MPA), or Master Science in Accountancy (MSAcy) is typically a one-year, non-thesis graduate program designed to prepare graduates for public accounting and to provide them with the 150 credit hours required by most states before taking the CPA exam.", "List of master's degrees in North America __knowledge__ Master of Accounting (MAcc) is an 8-month degree offered by the University of Waterloo, School of Accounting and Finance in Canada that satisfies the 51 credit hours and CKE exam requirement needed to write the Chartered Accountant Uniform Final Exam (UFE) in the province of Ontario.", "Academic degree __knowledge__ An academic degree is a qualification awarded to students upon successful completion of a course of study in higher education, normally at a college or university.", "Academic degree __knowledge__ These institutions commonly offer degrees at various levels, typically including bachelor's, master’s and doctorates, often alongside other academic certificates, and professional degrees.", "Academic degree __knowledge__ The most common undergraduate degree is the bachelor's degree, although in some countries lower qualifications are titled degrees (e.g.", "Academic degree __knowledge__ associate degrees in the US or foundation degrees in the UK) while in others a higher-level first degree is more usual.", "Management __knowledge__ Management (or managing) is the administration of an organization, whether it is a business, a not-for-profit organization, or government body.", "Management __knowledge__ Management includes the activities of setting the strategy of an organization and coordinating the efforts of its employees (or of volunteers) to accomplish its objectives through the application of available resources, such as financial, natural, technological, and human resources.", "Management __knowledge__ The term \"management\" may also refer to those people who manage an organization.", "Management __knowledge__ Social scientists study management as an academic discipline, investigating areas such as social organization and organizational leadership.", "University of Mannheim __knowledge__ The University of Mannheim (in German: Universität Mannheim), abbreviated UMA, is a public research university in Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.", "University of Mannheim __knowledge__ Founded in 1967, the university has its origins in the 1763 established \"Theodoro Palatinae\" (Palatine Academy of the Sciences Mannheim), which was founded by the later Duke of Bavaria Charles Theodor, as well as the \"Handelshochschule\" (Commercial College Mannheim), which was founded in 1907.", "University of Mannheim __knowledge__ The University offers a wide range of undergraduate and graduate programs as well as Ph.D degrees within business administration, economics, law, social sciences, humanities, mathematics, computer science and information systems.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ A bachelor's degree (from Middle Latin \"baccalaureus\") or baccalaureate (from Modern Latin \"baccalaureatus\") is an undergraduate academic degree awarded by colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study lasting three to seven years (depending on institution and academic discipline).", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ In some institutions and educational systems, some bachelor's degrees can only be taken as graduate or postgraduate degrees after a first degree has been completed.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ In countries with qualifications frameworks, bachelor's degrees are normally one of the major levels in the framework (sometimes two levels where non-honours and honours bachelor's degrees are considered separately), although some qualifications titled bachelor's degrees may be at other levels (e.g.", "Norwegian School of Economics __knowledge__ The Norwegian School of Economics (; literally \"Norwegian School of Business Studies\") or NHH, until 2011 known in English as the Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, is a business school situated in Bergen, Norway.", "Norwegian School of Economics __knowledge__ It was founded in 1936 as Norway's first business school and has since its establishment been a teaching and research institution primarily in the field of business administration.", "Norwegian School of Economics __knowledge__ Traditionally economics as an academic discipline was only taught at the universities (mainly the University of Oslo, where it was first conceived as a sub-discipline of law in the 19th century) whereas business administration was not regarded as an academic discipline in Norway, with no formal education program being available." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ The Master of Business Administration (MBA or M.B.A.) is a master's degree in business administration (management).", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ The MBA degree originated in the United States in the early 20th century when the country industrialized and companies sought scientific approaches to management.", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ The core courses in an MBA program cover various areas of business such as accounting, applied statistics, business communication, business ethics, business law, finance, managerial economics, management, marketing and operations in a manner most relevant to management analysis and strategy.", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ Most programs also include elective courses and concentrations for further study in a particular area, for example accounting, finance, and marketing.", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ MBA programs in the United States typically require completing about sixty credits, nearly twice the number of credits typically required for degrees that cover some of the same material such as the Master of Economics, Master of Finance, Master of Accountancy, Master of Science in Marketing and Master of Science in Management.", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ The MBA is a terminal degree and a professional degree.", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ Accreditation bodies specifically for MBA programs ensure consistency and quality of education.", "Job interview __knowledge__ A job interview is a one-on-one interview consisting of a conversation between a job applicant and a representative of an employer which is conducted to assess whether the applicant should be hired.", "Job interview __knowledge__ Interviews are one of the most popularly used devices for employee selection.", "Job interview __knowledge__ Interviews vary in the extent to which the questions are structured, from a totally unstructured and free-wheeling conversation, to a structured interview in which an applicant is asked a predetermined list of questions in a specified order; structured interviews are usually more accurate predictors of which applicants will make good employees, according to research studies.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ United Kingdom labour law regulates the relations between workers, employers and trade unions.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ People at work in the UK benefit from a minimum charter of employment rights, which are found in various Acts, Regulations, common law and equity.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ This includes the right to a minimum wage of £7.50 for over 25-year-olds under the National Minimum Wage Act 1998.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ The Working Time Regulations 1998 give the right to 28 days paid holidays, breaks from work, and attempts to limit excessively long working hours.", "United Kingdom labour law __knowledge__ The Employment Rights Act 1996 gives the right to leave for child care, and the right to request flexible working patterns.", "Job evaluation __knowledge__ A job evaluation is a systematic way of determining the value/worth of a job in relation to other jobs in an organization.", "Job evaluation __knowledge__ It tries to make a systematic comparison between jobs to assess their relative worth for the purpose of establishing a rational pay structure.", "Job evaluation __knowledge__ Job evaluation needs to be differentiated from job analysis.", "Job evaluation __knowledge__ Job analysis is a systematic way of gathering information about a job.", "Job evaluation __knowledge__ Every job evaluation method requires at least some basic job analysis in order to provide factual information about the jobs concerned.", "Job evaluation __knowledge__ Thus, job evaluation begins with job analysis and ends at that point where the worth of a job is ascertained for achieving pay equity between jobs and different roles.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ South African labour law regulates the relationship between employers, employees and trade unions in the Republic of South Africa.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ The Native Labour Regulations Act 1911 prohibited strikes by trade unions, introduced wage ceilings and a pass system for moving around jobs.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Over 70,000 Chinese labourers were brought in, and used by landowners to undercut the wages of other workers.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Among white workers, there was significant unrest, and major strikes took place in 1907, 1913, 1914 and 1922 For a period of sixteen years, from 1979 to 1995, several critical developments occurred in the field of labour law in South Africa, beginning with a radical change in the first of these years, when a significant Commission of Enquiry was held, resulting in the establishment of an Industrial Court, which was given extensive powers to mould, change, shape and develop the law.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Mad Men\", all of whom have appeared in multiple episodes.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Donald \"Don\" Draper (né Dick Whitman; Jon Hamm) born 1926, is the creative director at Sterling Cooper Advertising Agency; he eventually rises to become a partner.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ He later becomes a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Draper is the series' protagonist, and more storylines focus on him than on other characters.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Margaret \"Peggy\" Olson (Elisabeth Moss), upon introduction, is the ostensibly naïve \"new girl\" at Sterling Cooper.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ She was originally Draper's secretary, but showed surprising talent and initiative, including a knack—similar to Draper's—for understanding the consumer's mind.", "Master of Science __knowledge__ A Master of Science (; abbreviated MS, M.S., MSc, M.Sc., SM, S.M., ScM, or Sc.M.)", "Master of Science __knowledge__ is a master's degree in the field of science awarded by universities in many countries, or a person holding such a degree.", "Master of Science __knowledge__ In contrast to the Master of Arts degree, the Master of Science degree is typically granted for studies in sciences, engineering, and medicine, and is usually for programs that are more focused on scientific and mathematical subjects; however, different universities have different conventions and may also offer the degree for fields typically considered within the humanities and social sciences.", "Rochester Institute of Technology - Dubai __knowledge__ Rochester Institute of Technology - Dubai (RIT Dubai) is a satellite campus of Rochester Institute of Technology, New York, USA in Dubai, United Arab Emirates.", "Rochester Institute of Technology - Dubai __knowledge__ The college, is located in the Dubai Silicon Oasis and started offering part-time graduate courses in Fall 2008.", "Rochester Institute of Technology - Dubai __knowledge__ In 2009, the university began its full-time graduate program.", "Rochester Institute of Technology - Dubai __knowledge__ RIT Dubai's first graduating class was in 2010, with the graduation ceremony taking place in Rochester, NY.", "Rochester Institute of Technology - Dubai __knowledge__ In 2010, a full-time undergraduate program was started as part of the university's planned expansion.", "Rochester Institute of Technology - Dubai __knowledge__ In the fall of 2011, RIT Dubai moved its campus to a new premises to accommodate the growing student body.", "Colleges and Schools of North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University __knowledge__ North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University offers 177 Undergraduate, 30 master, and 9 doctoral degrees through its 9 professional colleges.", "Colleges and Schools of North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University __knowledge__ The colleges and schools function as autonomous units within the university, and adheres to the university's mission and philosophy.", "Colleges and Schools of North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University __knowledge__ Bachelor and Master degree programs are offered through the Colleges of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences; Arts, Humanities & Social Sciences; Business and Economics; Education; Engineering; Health & Human Sciences and the Science & Technology.", "Colleges and Schools of North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University __knowledge__ Doctoral programs are offered through the Colleges of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences; Engineering; Science & Technology; The Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering; and The Graduate College.", "National Institutes of Technology __knowledge__ The National Institutes of Technology (NITs) are autonomous public institutes of higher education, located in India.", "National Institutes of Technology __knowledge__ They are governed by the \"National Institutes of Technology Act, 2007\", which declared them as institutions of national importance alongside Indian Institutes of Technology.", "National Institutes of Technology __knowledge__ These institutes of national importance receive special recognition from the Government of India.", "National Institutes of Technology __knowledge__ The NIT Council is the supreme governing body of India's National Institutes of Technology (NIT) system and all 31 NITs are funded by the Government of India.", "National Institutes of Technology __knowledge__ These institutes are among the top ranked engineering colleges in India and have one of the lowest acceptance rates for engineering institutes, of around 2 to 3 percent, second only to the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) in India.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ A bachelor's degree (from Middle Latin \"baccalaureus\") or baccalaureate (from Modern Latin \"baccalaureatus\") is an undergraduate academic degree awarded by colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study lasting three to seven years (depending on institution and academic discipline).", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ In some institutions and educational systems, some bachelor's degrees can only be taken as graduate or postgraduate degrees after a first degree has been completed.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ In countries with qualifications frameworks, bachelor's degrees are normally one of the major levels in the framework (sometimes two levels where non-honours and honours bachelor's degrees are considered separately), although some qualifications titled bachelor's degrees may be at other levels (e.g.", "Indian Institutes of Technology __knowledge__ The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) are autonomous public institutes of higher education, located in India.", "Indian Institutes of Technology __knowledge__ They are governed by the \"Institutes of Technology Act, 1961 \" which has declared them as institutions of national importance alongside National Institutes of Technology and lays down their powers, duties, and framework for governance etc.", "Indian Institutes of Technology __knowledge__ The Institutes of Technology Act, 1961 lists twenty-three institutes (after the last amendment in 2016).", "Indian Institutes of Technology __knowledge__ Each IIT is an autonomous institution, linked to the others through a common IIT Council, which oversees their administration.", "Indian Institutes of Technology __knowledge__ The Minister of Human Resource Development is the ex-officio Chairperson of IIT Council." ] ]

[ 1, 5, 3 ]

[ "My degree is in Master of Business Administration. ", "The program has sixty credits and most masters programs only require about half that.", "I have a job in business accounting. " ]

[ "Master of Business Administration", "Master of Business Administration", "Master of Business Administration" ]

[ "Beer\nI hate beer.", "I don't like any beer. I prefer vodka.", "Yes I have had some pretty bad hangovers from that.", "Yeah I like it flavored" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Beer __knowledge__ Beer is one of the oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic drinks in the world, and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea.", "Beer __knowledge__ Beer is brewed from cereal grains—most commonly from malted barley, though wheat, maize (corn), and rice are also used.", "Beer __knowledge__ During the brewing process, fermentation of the starch sugars in the wort produces ethanol and carbonation in the resulting beer.", "Beer __knowledge__ Most modern beer is brewed with hops, which add bitterness and other flavours and act as a natural preservative and stabilizing agent.", "Beer __knowledge__ Other flavouring agents such as gruit, herbs, or fruits may be included or used instead of hops.", "Beer __knowledge__ In commercial brewing, the natural carbonation effect is often removed during processing and replaced with forced carbonation.", "Beer __knowledge__ Some of humanity's earliest known writings refer to the production and distribution of beer: the Code of Hammurabi included laws regulating beer and beer parlours, and \"The Hymn to Ninkasi\", a prayer to the Mesopotamian goddess of beer, served as both a prayer and as a method of remembering the recipe for beer in a culture with few literate people.", "Beer __knowledge__ Beer is distributed in bottles and cans and is also commonly available on draught, particularly in pubs and bars.", "Crédit Agricole Italia __knowledge__ Crédit Agricole Cariparma S.p.A. trading as Gruppo Crédit Agricole Italia, is an Italian banking group, itself a subsidiary of French banking group Crédit Agricole.", "Crédit Agricole Italia __knowledge__ Crédit Agricole Italia along was ranked as the 11th largest bank in Italy by total assets at 31 December 2015.", "Crédit Agricole Italia __knowledge__ The group serving Emilia-Romagna, Liguria and Friuli-Venezia Giulia, where the predecessors originated, as well as Campania, Lazio, Lombardy, Piedmont, Tuscany, Umbria and Veneto, or half of Italian regions.", "Crédit Agricole Italia __knowledge__ The company was formerly known as Cassa di Risparmio di Parma e Piacenza and Cassa di Risparmio di Parma, or Cariparma in short; The banking group was formerly known as Gruppo Cariparma Crédit Agricole (Cariparma and subsidiaries Carispezia and FriulAdria).", "The Movie Out Here __knowledge__ The Movie Out Here is a Canadian buddy comedy film.", "The Movie Out Here __knowledge__ Premiering at the 2012 Whistler Film Festival, it began a limited run at theatres in Western Canada on March 1, 2013.", "The Movie Out Here __knowledge__ The film was produced by Alliance Films and funded by Kokanee, a B.C.-based brewery owned by the Labatt Brewing Company.", "The Movie Out Here __knowledge__ The concept for the film was conceived by the staff of Grip Limited, an advertising agency who had worked on various campaigns for Kokanee in the past, and serves as the first foray into branded content for both Grip and Labatt.", "The Movie Out Here __knowledge__ Alongside traditional product placement, the film features appearances by popular characters from Kokanee's past advertising campaigns, and was the culmination of a multi-platform marketing campaign that was intended to encourage user engagement and crowdsourcing to help promote the film.", "Bengali grammar __knowledge__ Bengali grammar ( \"Bangla Bækôrôn\") is the study of the morphology and syntax of Bengali, an Indo-European language spoken in the Indian subcontinent.", "Bengali grammar __knowledge__ Although Bengali uses a separate alphabet (see Bengali script), a Romanization scheme is used here to suggest the pronunciation.", "Bengali grammar __knowledge__ Bengali pronouns are somewhat similar to English pronouns, having different words for first, second, and third person, and also for singular and plural (unlike for verbs, below).", "Bengali grammar __knowledge__ Bengali pronouns, unlike their English counterparts, do not differentiate for gender; that is, the same pronoun may be used for \"he\" or \"she\".", "Hate crime __knowledge__ A hate crime (also known as a bias-motivated crime or bias crime) is a prejudice-motivated crime which occurs when a perpetrator targets a victim because of his or her membership (or perceived membership) in a certain social group or race.", "Hate crime __knowledge__ Examples of such groups can include and are almost exclusively limited to: sex, ethnicity, disability, language, nationality, physical appearance, religion, gender identity or sexual orientation.", "Hate crime __knowledge__ Non-criminal actions that are motivated by these reasons are often called \"bias incidents\".", "Hate crime __knowledge__ \"Hate crime\" generally refers to criminal acts which are seen to have been motivated by bias against one or more of the social groups listed above, or by bias against their derivatives.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Beer in England has been brewed for hundreds of years.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ As a beer brewing country, England is known for its top fermented cask beer (also called real ale) which finishes maturing in the cellar of the pub rather than at the brewery and is served with only natural carbonation.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ English beer styles include bitter, mild, brown ale and old ale.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Stout, porter and India Pale Ale were also originally brewed in London.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Lager style beer has increased considerably in popularity since the mid 20th century.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Other modern developments include consolidation of large brewers into multinational corporations; growth of beer consumerism; expansion of microbreweries and increased interest in bottle conditioned beers.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ Beer in Canada was introduced by European settlers in the seventeenth century.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ The first commercial brewery was La Brasseries due Roy [sic] started by New France Intendant Jean Talon, in Québec City in 1668.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ Many commercial brewers thrived until Prohibition in Canada.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ The provincial and federal governments' attempt to eliminate \"intoxicating\" beverages led to the closing of nearly three quarters of breweries between 1878 and 1928.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ It was only in the second half of the twentieth century that a significant number of new breweries opened up.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ The Canadian Beer industry now plays an important role in Canadian identity, though globalization of the brewing industry has seen the major players in Canada acquired by, or merged with, foreign companies, notably its three largest beer producers, Labatt, Molson and Sleeman." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Beer __knowledge__ Beer is one of the oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic drinks in the world, and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea.", "Beer __knowledge__ Beer is brewed from cereal grains—most commonly from malted barley, though wheat, maize (corn), and rice are also used.", "Beer __knowledge__ During the brewing process, fermentation of the starch sugars in the wort produces ethanol and carbonation in the resulting beer.", "Beer __knowledge__ Most modern beer is brewed with hops, which add bitterness and other flavours and act as a natural preservative and stabilizing agent.", "Beer __knowledge__ Other flavouring agents such as gruit, herbs, or fruits may be included or used instead of hops.", "Beer __knowledge__ In commercial brewing, the natural carbonation effect is often removed during processing and replaced with forced carbonation.", "Beer __knowledge__ Some of humanity's earliest known writings refer to the production and distribution of beer: the Code of Hammurabi included laws regulating beer and beer parlours, and \"The Hymn to Ninkasi\", a prayer to the Mesopotamian goddess of beer, served as both a prayer and as a method of remembering the recipe for beer in a culture with few literate people.", "Beer __knowledge__ Beer is distributed in bottles and cans and is also commonly available on draught, particularly in pubs and bars.", "Alcohol belts of Europe __knowledge__ The alcohol belts of Europe are regions in Europe which are considered to be divided by association with either beer, wine or spirits.", "Alcohol belts of Europe __knowledge__ The alcohol belts refer to the traditional beverages of countries rather than what is most commonly drunk by the populace today, as in terms of drinking habits beer has become the most popular alcoholic drink in the whole world - including various parts of the wine and vodka belts.", "Alcohol belts of Europe __knowledge__ Being an informal term, the \"vodka belt\" has no established definition.", "Alcohol belts of Europe __knowledge__ However, the general definition tends to include the following states as significant producers and consumers of vodka: The few EU countries of the vodka belt produce over 70% of the EU's vodka.", "Vodka __knowledge__ Vodka (from , ) is a distilled beverage composed primarily of water and ethanol, sometimes with traces of impurities and flavorings.", "Vodka __knowledge__ Traditionally, vodka is made by the distillation of cereal grains or potatoes that have been fermented, though some modern brands use other substances, such as fruits or sugar.", "Vodka __knowledge__ Since the 1890s, the standard Polish, Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian and Czech vodkas are 40% alcohol by volume ABV (80 US proof), a percentage that is widely misattributed to Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev.", "Vodka __knowledge__ The European Union has established a minimum of 37.5% ABV for any \"European vodka\" to be named as such.", "Smirnoff __knowledge__ Smirnoff () is a brand of vodka owned and produced by the British company Diageo.", "Smirnoff __knowledge__ The Smirnoff brand began with a vodka distillery founded in Moscow by Pyotr Arsenievich Smirnov (1831–1898).", "Smirnoff __knowledge__ It is now distributed in 130 countries and produced in several countries including India, Ireland, Brazil, Honduras, Albania, Mongolia, Latvia, the Philippines, Italy, the United Kingdom and the United States.", "Smirnoff __knowledge__ Smirnoff products include vodka, flavoured vodka, and malt beverages.", "Smirnoff __knowledge__ In March 2006, Diageo North America claimed that Smirnoff vodka was the best-selling distilled spirit brand in the world.", "Smirnoff __knowledge__ In 2015 India's Officer's Choice overtook Smirnoff vodka to become the world's largest selling spirit brand.", "Polish cuisine __knowledge__ Polish cuisine is a style of cooking and food preparation originating in or widely popular in Poland.", "Polish cuisine __knowledge__ Polish cuisine has evolved over the centuries to become very eclectic due to Poland's history.", "Polish cuisine __knowledge__ Polish cuisine shares many similarities with other Slavic countries, especially neighboring Czech and Slovak.", "Polish cuisine __knowledge__ It has also been widely influenced by other Central European cuisines, namely German, Austrian and Hungarian cuisines as well as Jewish, French, Turkish and Italian culinary traditions.", "Polish cuisine __knowledge__ It is rich in meat, especially pork, chicken and beef (depending on the region), winter vegetables (cabbage in the dish \"bigos\"), spices, and herbs.", "Shaken, not stirred __knowledge__ \"Shaken, not stirred\" is a catchphrase of Ian Fleming's fictional British Secret Service agent James Bond and describes his preference for the preparation of his martini cocktails.", "Shaken, not stirred __knowledge__ The phrase first appears in the novel \"Diamonds Are Forever\" (1956), though Bond himself does not actually say it until \"Dr. No\" (1958), where his exact words are \"shaken and not stirred.\"", "Shaken, not stirred __knowledge__ In the film adaptations of Fleming's novels, the phrase is first uttered by the villain, Dr. Julius No, when he offers the drink in \"Dr. No\" (1962), and it is not uttered by Bond himself (played by Sean Connery) until \"Goldfinger\" (1964).", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ Moonshine is a generic term for distilled alcoholic beverages made throughout the globe from indigenous ingredients reflecting the customs, tastes, and raw materials for fermentation available in each region.", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ The term commonly applies to small-scale production, which is often illegal or tightly regulated in many countries.", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ Zarbali is a moonshine still, a type of distilled alcoholic beverage supposedly made from fermented raisins.", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ In Albania, moonshine (Raki) is the primary alcoholic beverage consumed on daily basis.", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ It is made from different fruits, usually grapes, but also plums, apples, blackberries, and walnuts.", "Brewing __knowledge__ Brewing is the production of beer by steeping a starch source (commonly cereal grains, the most popular of which is barley) in water and fermenting the resulting sweet liquid with yeast.", "Brewing __knowledge__ It may be done in a brewery by a commercial brewer, at home by a homebrewer, or by a variety of traditional methods such as communally by the indigenous peoples in Brazil when making cauim.", "Brewing __knowledge__ Brewing has taken place since around the 6th millennium BC, and archaeological evidence suggests that emerging civilizations including ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia brewed beer.", "Brewing __knowledge__ Since the nineteenth century the brewing industry has been part of most western economies.", "Adjuncts __knowledge__ Adjuncts are unmalted grains (such as corn, rice, rye, oats, barley, and wheat) or grain products used in brewing beer which supplement the main mash ingredient (such as malted barley), often with the intention of cutting costs, but sometimes to create an additional feature, such as better foam retention, flavours or nutritional value or additives.", "Adjuncts __knowledge__ Both solid and liquid adjuncts are commonly used.", "Adjuncts __knowledge__ Ingredients which are standard for certain beers, such as wheat in a wheat beer, may be termed adjuncts when used in beers which could be made without them — such as adding wheat to a pale ale for the purpose of creating a lasting head.", "Wheat beer __knowledge__ Wheat beer is a beer, usually top-fermented, which is brewed with a large proportion of wheat relative to the amount of malted barley.", "Wheat beer __knowledge__ The two main varieties are Weissbier and Witbier; minor types include Lambic, Berliner Weisse and Gose.", "Wheat beer __knowledge__ Two common varieties of wheat beer are Weißbier (German – \"white beer\") based on the German tradition of mixing at least 50% wheat to barley malt to make a light coloured top-fermenting beer, and witbier (Dutch – \"white beer\") based on the Belgian tradition of using flavorings such as coriander and orange peel.", "Wheat beer __knowledge__ Belgian white beers are often made with raw unmalted wheat, as opposed to the malted wheat used in other varieties.", "History of alcoholic drinks __knowledge__ Purposeful production of alcoholic drinks is common and often reflects cultural and religious peculiarities as much as geographical and sociological conditions.", "History of alcoholic drinks __knowledge__ Discovery of late Stone Age jugs suggest that intentionally fermented beverages existed at least as early as the Neolithic period (c. 10000 BC).", "History of alcoholic drinks __knowledge__ Chemical analysis of jars from the neolithic village Jiahu in the Henan province of northern China revealed traces of alcohol that were absorbed and preserved.", "History of alcoholic drinks __knowledge__ According to a study published in the \"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences\", chemical analysis of the residue confirmed that a fermented drink made of grapes, hawthorn berries, honey, and rice was being produced in 7000–6650 BC.", "Malt __knowledge__ Malt is germinated cereal grains that have been dried in a process known as \"malting\".", "Malt __knowledge__ The grains are made to germinate by soaking in water, and are then halted from germinating further by drying with hot air.", "Malt __knowledge__ Malting grains develops the enzymes required for modifying the grain's starches into various types of sugar, including the monosaccharide glucose, the disaccharide maltose, the trisaccharide maltotriose, and higher sugars called maltodextrines.", "Malt __knowledge__ It also develops other enzymes, such as proteases, which break down the proteins in the grain into forms that can be used by yeast.", "Malt __knowledge__ Depending on when the malting process is stopped one gets a preferred starch enzyme ratio and partly converted starch into fermentable sugars." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Beer __knowledge__ Beer is one of the oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic drinks in the world, and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea.", "Beer __knowledge__ Beer is brewed from cereal grains—most commonly from malted barley, though wheat, maize (corn), and rice are also used.", "Beer __knowledge__ During the brewing process, fermentation of the starch sugars in the wort produces ethanol and carbonation in the resulting beer.", "Beer __knowledge__ Most modern beer is brewed with hops, which add bitterness and other flavours and act as a natural preservative and stabilizing agent.", "Beer __knowledge__ Other flavouring agents such as gruit, herbs, or fruits may be included or used instead of hops.", "Beer __knowledge__ In commercial brewing, the natural carbonation effect is often removed during processing and replaced with forced carbonation.", "Beer __knowledge__ Some of humanity's earliest known writings refer to the production and distribution of beer: the Code of Hammurabi included laws regulating beer and beer parlours, and \"The Hymn to Ninkasi\", a prayer to the Mesopotamian goddess of beer, served as both a prayer and as a method of remembering the recipe for beer in a culture with few literate people.", "Beer __knowledge__ Beer is distributed in bottles and cans and is also commonly available on draught, particularly in pubs and bars.", "The Hangovers (Cornell University) __knowledge__ The Hangovers are a men's collegiate a cappella ensemble based at Cornell University.", "The Hangovers (Cornell University) __knowledge__ Founded in 1968, they are the oldest active \"a cappella\" group on campus and are the official \"a cappella\" subset of the Cornell University Glee Club, itself the oldest student organization of any kind at Cornell University.", "The Hangovers (Cornell University) __knowledge__ The Hangovers' repertoire consists mainly of popular songs arranged for the ensemble by its members and alumni, but the group also performs traditional Cornell songs, as well as selections from the Glee Club repertoire on occasion.", "The Hangovers (Cornell University) __knowledge__ The Hangovers have competed in international competitions such as the International Championship of Collegiate A Cappella, advancing to the semifinals in 2001.", "Hangover __knowledge__ A hangover is the experience of various unpleasant physiological and psychological effects following the consumption of ethanol, as found in wine, beer and distilled spirits.", "Hangover __knowledge__ Hangovers can last for several hours or for more than 24 hours.", "Hangover __knowledge__ Typical symptoms of a hangover may include headache, drowsiness, concentration problems, dry mouth, dizziness, fatigue, gastrointestinal distress (e.g., vomiting), absence of hunger, depression, sweating, nausea, hyper-excitability and anxiety.", "Hangover __knowledge__ While the causes of a hangover are still poorly understood, several factors are known to be involved including acetaldehyde accumulation, changes in the immune system and glucose metabolism, dehydration, metabolic acidosis, disturbed prostaglandin synthesis, increased cardiac output, vasodilation, sleep deprivation and malnutrition.", "Thunderball (novel) __knowledge__ Thunderball is the ninth book in Ian Fleming's James Bond series, and the eighth full-length James Bond novel.", "Thunderball (novel) __knowledge__ It was first published in the UK by Jonathan Cape on 27 March 1961, where the initial print run of 50,938 copies quickly sold out.", "Thunderball (novel) __knowledge__ The first novelization of an unfilmed James Bond screenplay, it was born from a collaboration by five people: Ian Fleming, Kevin McClory, Jack Whittingham, Ivar Bryce and Ernest Cuneo, although the controversial shared credit of Fleming, McClory and Whittingham was the result of a courtroom decision.", "Thunderball (novel) __knowledge__ The story centres on the theft of two atomic bombs by the crime syndicate SPECTRE and the subsequent attempted blackmail of the Western powers for their return.", "Gabi Hernandez __knowledge__ Gabi Hernandez is a fictional character from the American soap opera, \"Days of Our Lives\".", "Gabi Hernandez __knowledge__ The role was introduced by the show's then head writers Dena Higley and Christopher Whitesell on November 20, 2009.", "Gabi Hernandez __knowledge__ The role was initially portrayed by Gabriela Rodriguez, however, several months later producers made the decision to age Gabi.", "Gabi Hernandez __knowledge__ In July 2010, it was announced that Rodriguez was replaced by Camila Banus.", "Gabi Hernandez __knowledge__ Banus first aired on October 4, 2010.", "Gabi Hernandez __knowledge__ Originally described as a sweet, innocent, and loving girl, a number of events since Gabi's arrival on the series have altered her personality.", "Gabi Hernandez __knowledge__ In 2012, the character experienced a personality shift, which would reveal her manipulative side that was called \"crazy\" and obsessive.", "Battle of Athens (1946) __knowledge__ The Battle of Athens (sometimes called the McMinn County War) was a rebellion led by citizens in Athens and Etowah, Tennessee, United States, against the local government in August 1946.", "Battle of Athens (1946) __knowledge__ The citizens, including some World War II veterans, accused the local officials of predatory policing, police brutality, political corruption and voter intimidation.", "Battle of Athens (1946) __knowledge__ Concern over the election of Abraham Lincoln brought the Southern States to consider secession.", "Battle of Athens (1946) __knowledge__ The Northern and middle Southern states were opposed.", "Battle of Athens (1946) __knowledge__ Tennessee citizens voted 69,675 to 57,798 against secession.", "Battle of Athens (1946) __knowledge__ Much of the anti-secession votes came from the mountainous Eastern portion of Tennessee,such as McMinn county with a vote of 1,144 against and 904 in favor.", "Cornell University Glee Club __knowledge__ The Cornell University Glee Club (CUGC) is the oldest student organization at Cornell University, having been organized shortly after the first students arrived on campus in 1868.", "Cornell University Glee Club __knowledge__ The CUGC is a sixty-member chorus for male voices, with repertoire including classical, folk, 20th-century music, and traditional Cornell songs.", "Cornell University Glee Club __knowledge__ The Glee Club also performs major works with the Cornell University Chorus such as Beethoven's Missa Solemnis, Handel's Messiah, and Bach's Mass in B Minor.", "Cornell University Glee Club __knowledge__ The CUGC has performed as an ensemble in twenty-five different countries.", "Cornell University Glee Club __knowledge__ The Glee Club has given the world and American premieres of many works for male chorus, written by a variety of notable composers.", "Alfonso Gómez __knowledge__ Alfonso Salvador Gómez Becerra (born October 28, 1980), best known as Alfonso Gómez, is a Mexican professional boxer.", "Alfonso Gómez __knowledge__ He was a competitor on the reality TV show \"The Contender\", where he finished third out of sixteen fighters.", "Alfonso Gómez __knowledge__ Gómez was born in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico, but his parents subsequently moved to the city of Napa, California where he graduated in 1998 from Napa High and (later) Tustin, California, partly so as to enable Alfonso to go to college and continue boxing.", "Alfonso Gómez __knowledge__ He had started boxing at age 8, and had an amateur record of 80 wins and 10 losses.", "Alfonso Gómez __knowledge__ He was managed along the way by his father, an ex-boxer himself.", "Vodka __knowledge__ Vodka (from , ) is a distilled beverage composed primarily of water and ethanol, sometimes with traces of impurities and flavorings.", "Vodka __knowledge__ Traditionally, vodka is made by the distillation of cereal grains or potatoes that have been fermented, though some modern brands use other substances, such as fruits or sugar.", "Vodka __knowledge__ Since the 1890s, the standard Polish, Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Estonian, Latvian, Lithuanian and Czech vodkas are 40% alcohol by volume ABV (80 US proof), a percentage that is widely misattributed to Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev.", "Vodka __knowledge__ The European Union has established a minimum of 37.5% ABV for any \"European vodka\" to be named as such.", "Ethanol __knowledge__ Ethanol, also called alcohol, ethyl alcohol, and drinking alcohol, is a chemical compound, a simple alcohol with the chemical formula .", "Ethanol __knowledge__ Its formula can be written also as −− or − (an ethyl group linked to a hydroxyl group), and is often abbreviated as EtOH.", "Ethanol __knowledge__ Ethanol is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid with a slight characteristic odor.", "Ethanol __knowledge__ It is a psychoactive substance and is the principal type of alcohol found in alcoholic drinks.", "Ethanol __knowledge__ Ethanol is naturally produced by the fermentation of sugars by yeasts or via petrochemical processes, and is most commonly consumed as a popular recreational drug.", "Ethanol fuel in Brazil __knowledge__ Brazil is the world's second largest producer of ethanol fuel.", "Ethanol fuel in Brazil __knowledge__ Brazil and the United States led the industrial production of ethanol fuel in 2014, together accounting for 83.4 percent of the world's production.", "Ethanol fuel in Brazil __knowledge__ In 2014 Brazil produced 23.4 billion liters (6.19 billion U.S. liquid gallons), representing 25.2 percent of the world's total ethanol used as fuel.", "Ethanol fuel in Brazil __knowledge__ Brazil is considered to have the world's first sustainable biofuels economy and the biofuel industry leader, a policy model for other countries; and its sugarcane ethanol \"the most successful alternative fuel to date.\"", "Ethanol fuel in Brazil __knowledge__ However, some authors consider that the successful Brazilian ethanol model is sustainable only in Brazil due to its advanced agri-industrial technology and its enormous amount of arable land available; while according to other authors it is a solution only for some countries in the tropical zone of Latin America, the Caribbean, and Africa.", "Safety of electronic cigarettes __knowledge__ The safety of electronic cigarettes is uncertain.", "Safety of electronic cigarettes __knowledge__ There is little data about their safety, and considerable variability among e-cigarettes and in their liquid ingredients and thus the contents of the aerosol delivered to the user.", "Safety of electronic cigarettes __knowledge__ Reviews on the safety of e-cigarettes have reached significantly different conclusions.", "Safety of electronic cigarettes __knowledge__ A 2014 World Health Organization (WHO) report cautioned about potential risks of using e-cigarettes.", "Safety of electronic cigarettes __knowledge__ Regulated US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) products such as nicotine inhalers are likely safer than e-cigarettes.", "Safety of electronic cigarettes __knowledge__ A systematic review suggests that e-cigarettes are less harmful than smoking and since they contain no tobacco and do not involve combustion, users may avoid several harmful constituents usually found in tobacco smoke.", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ Moonshine is a generic term for distilled alcoholic beverages made throughout the globe from indigenous ingredients reflecting the customs, tastes, and raw materials for fermentation available in each region.", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ The term commonly applies to small-scale production, which is often illegal or tightly regulated in many countries.", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ Zarbali is a moonshine still, a type of distilled alcoholic beverage supposedly made from fermented raisins.", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ In Albania, moonshine (Raki) is the primary alcoholic beverage consumed on daily basis.", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ It is made from different fruits, usually grapes, but also plums, apples, blackberries, and walnuts.", "Ethanol fuel __knowledge__ Ethanol fuel is ethyl alcohol, the same type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages, used as fuel.", "Ethanol fuel __knowledge__ It is most often used as a motor fuel, mainly as a biofuel additive for gasoline.", "Ethanol fuel __knowledge__ The first production car running entirely on ethanol was the Fiat 147, introduced in 1978 in Brazil by Fiat.", "Ethanol fuel __knowledge__ Ethanol is commonly made from biomass such as corn or sugarcane.", "Ethanol fuel __knowledge__ World ethanol production for transport fuel tripled between 2000 and 2007 from to more than .", "Ethanol fuel __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2008, the share of ethanol in global gasoline type fuel use increased from 3.7% to 5.4%.", "Ethanol fuel __knowledge__ In 2011 worldwide ethanol fuel production reached with the United States of America and Brazil being the top producers, accounting for 62.2% and 25% of global production, respectively.", "Cellulosic ethanol __knowledge__ Cellulosic ethanol is ethanol (ethyl alcohol) produced from cellulose (the stringy fiber of a plant) rather than from the plant's seeds or fruit.", "Cellulosic ethanol __knowledge__ It is a biofuel produced from grasses, wood, algae, or other plants.", "Cellulosic ethanol __knowledge__ The fibrous parts of the plants are mostly inedible to animals, including humans, except for ruminants (grazing, cud-chewing animals such as cows or sheep).", "Cellulosic ethanol __knowledge__ Considerable interest in cellulosic ethanol exists because it has the potential for strong economic importance.", "Cellulosic ethanol __knowledge__ Growth of cellulose by plants is a mechanism that captures and stores solar energy chemically in nontoxic ways with resultant supplies that are easy to transport and store." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Beer __knowledge__ Beer is one of the oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic drinks in the world, and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea.", "Beer __knowledge__ Beer is brewed from cereal grains—most commonly from malted barley, though wheat, maize (corn), and rice are also used.", "Beer __knowledge__ During the brewing process, fermentation of the starch sugars in the wort produces ethanol and carbonation in the resulting beer.", "Beer __knowledge__ Most modern beer is brewed with hops, which add bitterness and other flavours and act as a natural preservative and stabilizing agent.", "Beer __knowledge__ Other flavouring agents such as gruit, herbs, or fruits may be included or used instead of hops.", "Beer __knowledge__ In commercial brewing, the natural carbonation effect is often removed during processing and replaced with forced carbonation.", "Beer __knowledge__ Some of humanity's earliest known writings refer to the production and distribution of beer: the Code of Hammurabi included laws regulating beer and beer parlours, and \"The Hymn to Ninkasi\", a prayer to the Mesopotamian goddess of beer, served as both a prayer and as a method of remembering the recipe for beer in a culture with few literate people.", "Beer __knowledge__ Beer is distributed in bottles and cans and is also commonly available on draught, particularly in pubs and bars.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" (pronounced \"Yeah three times\" or \"Yeah Yeah Yeah\"; sometimes stylized as \"Yeah 3X\") is a song by American recording artist Chris Brown, released as the lead single from his fourth studio album \"F.A.M.E.\"", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ on October 25, 2010.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ It was written by Brown, DJ Frank E, Kevin McCall, Amber Streeter and Calvin Harris, and was produced by DJ Frank E. Brown recorded the song for his pop audience as he had been doing a lot of mixtapes and urban records.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" is an uptempo dance-pop, Europop, and electro house song; it uses a video game-type beat and features a thick bassline and big synth chords.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ TRL's Number Ones is the collection of music videos that had reached the number-one spot on the daily music video countdown show \"Total Request Live\" which aired on MTV from 1998 to 2008.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ Usually the same video will stay on the number-one spot for a series of weeks but after a certain period it will be retired or honorably discharged from the countdown and be put into the hall of fame.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ The music video is usually determined various ways such as voting online on MTV.com, the \"Billboard\" charts, ratings on the radio and downloads over the internet.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ January 2: \"Lose Yourself\" - Eminem January 3: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 6: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 7: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 8: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 9: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 10: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 13: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 14: \"All I Have\" - Jennifer Lopez featuring LL Cool J January 15: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 16: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 17: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 22: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 23: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 24: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 28: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 29: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 30: \"Bump, Bump, Bump\" - B2K featuring P. Diddy January 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 3: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 4: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 7: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 10: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 11: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 12: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 14: Valentine's Day Special #1 Video: \"Why I Love You\" - B2K February 17: TRL Awards #1 Video: \"Larger Than Life\" - Backstreet Boys February 18: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 19: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 20: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 21: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 24: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 25: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 26: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake February 27: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 28: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 3: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 4: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 7: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 10: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 11: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 12: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 14: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 17: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 18: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 19: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 20: Coverage on the war in Iraq March 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 24: \"The Hell Song\" - Sum 41 March 25: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 26: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 1: \"Girlfriend\" - B2K April 2: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 3: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 4: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 7: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 8: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 9: \"Addicted\" - Simple Plan April 10: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 11: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 15: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 16: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 17: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 18: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 22: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 23: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 24: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 25: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 28: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 29: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 30: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 1: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 2: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 5: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 6: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 7: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 8: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 9: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 12: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 13: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 15: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 16: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 19: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 20: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 22: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 26: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 27: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 28: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 29: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 30: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 2: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 3: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 4: \"Rock Wit U\" - Ashanti June 5: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 9: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 10: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 11: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 12: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 16: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 17: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 18: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 19: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 23: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 24: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 25: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 26: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 30: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 1: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 2: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 3: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 7: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 8: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 9: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 10: Dynamic Duos #1 Video: \"Girlfriend ( Remix )\"- 'N Sync featuring Nelly July 11: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 14: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 15: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 16: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 17: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 18: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 21: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 22: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 23: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 24: Funniest Video #1 Video: \"Without Me\" - Eminem July 25: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 28: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 29: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 30: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 31: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 1: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 4: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 5: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 6: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 7: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 8: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 11: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 12: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 13: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 14: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 15: August 18: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 19: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 20: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 21: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 26: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 27: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy August 28: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 29: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 2: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 3: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 4: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 5: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 8: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 9: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 10: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 11: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 12: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 15: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 17: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 18: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 19: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 23: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 24: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 25: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 26: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 29: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 30: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 1: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 2: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 3: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell October 6: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 7: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul October 8: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 9: \"Perfect\" - Simple Plan October 10: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 14: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 15: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 17: \"Trouble\" - P!nk October 18: \"Trouble\" - Pink October 21: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 23: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 27: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 28: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 29: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 30: \"Will You\" - P. O. D. October 31: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 3: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 4: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 5: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 6: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 7: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 11: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 12: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 13: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 14: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 17: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 18: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 19: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 20: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 24: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 25: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 1: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 2: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 3: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 4: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 5: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 8: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 11: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 16: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 17: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 18: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 19: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 22: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 23: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 29: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit December 30: Song Of The Year: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 5: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 6: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 7: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 8: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 13: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 14: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 16: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 19: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 21: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 22: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 26: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 27: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 28: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 29: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 30: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring Jason Weaver February 2: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 9: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 10: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 11: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 12: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 13: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte February 16: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 17: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 18: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 19: \"Sorry 2004\" - Ruben Studdard February 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 23: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 24: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 25: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon February 27: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 2: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 3: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 4: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 5: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 8: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears March 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 10: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 11: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 15: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 16: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 17: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 18: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 22: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 23: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 24: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 25: \"My Band\" - D12 March 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 29: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 30: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 31: \"My Band\" - D12 April 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 5: \"Naughty Girl\" - Beyoncé April 6: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 7: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 8: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 13: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 14: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 15: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 16: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 19: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 20: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 21: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 22: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 23: \"My Band\" - D12 April 26: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 27: \"My Band\" - D12 April 28: \"My Band\" - D12 April 29: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears May 3: \"My Band\" - D12 May 4: \"My Band\" - D12 May 5: \"My Band\" - D12 May 6: \"My Band\" - D12 May 7: \"My Band\" - D12 May 10: \"My Band\" - D12 May 11: \"My Band\" - D12 May 17: \"My Band\" - D12 May 18: \"Burn\" - Usher May 19: \"Burn\" - Usher May 20: \"Burn\" - Usher May 21: \"Burn\" - Usher May 24: \"My Band\" - D12 May 25: \"Burn\" - Usher May 26: \"Burn\" - Usher May 27: \"My Band\" - D12 May 28: \"My Band\" - D12 May 31: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 1: \"Burn\" - Usher June 2: \"Burn\" - Usher June 3: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 4: \"My Band\" - D12 June 7: \"My Band\" - D12 June 8: \"Burn\" - Usher June 9: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 10: Cross Country Countdown #1 Video: \"Forgot About Dre\" - Dr. Dre featuring Eminem June 11: \"Burn\" - Usher June 14: \"Burn\" - Usher June 15: \"How Come\" - D12 June 16: \"How Come\" - D12 June 17: \"How Come\" - D12 June 18: \"How Come\" - D12 June 21: \"How Come\" - D12 June 22: \"How Come\" - D12 June 23: \"Leave (Get Out)\" - JoJo June 24: \"How Come\" - D12 June 25: \"How Come\" - D12 June 28: \"Leave ( Get Out )\" - JoJo June 29: \"How Come\" - D12 June 30: \"Confessions Pt.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"Yeah!\"", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ is a song by American singer Usher.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ He co-wrote the song with Sean Garrett, Patrick J. Que Smith, Robert McDowell, LRoc, Ludacris, Da'Ron, and Lil Jon.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ It also features guest vocals from Lil Jon and Ludacris, with the former also producing the song as well as incorporating crunk and R&B—which he coined as crunk&B—in the song's production.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ The song was released as the lead single from Usher's fourth studio album \"Confessions\" (2004) on January 27, 2004, after Usher was told by Arista Records, his label at the time, to record more tracks for the album.", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ \"Yeah!\"", "Yeah! (Usher song) __knowledge__ topped the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart for 12 consecutive weeks, before being dethroned by Usher's follow-up single \"Burn\".", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ Filipino cuisine (Filipino: \"Lutuing Filipino\" or \"Pagkaing Filipino\") is composed of the cuisines of 135 distinct ethno-linguistic tribes found within the Philippine archipelago, however, majority of mainstream Filipino dishes that compose Filipino cuisine are from the cuisines of the Bikol, Chabakano, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Meranaw, Pangasinan, Sebwano (or Bisaya), Tagalog, and Waray ethno-linguistic tribes.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ The style of cooking and the food associated with it have evolved over many centuries from their Austronesian origins (shared with Malaysian and Indonesian cuisines) to a mixed cuisine of Indian, Chinese, Spanish, and American influences, in line with the major waves of influence that had enriched the cultures of the archipelago, as well as others adapted to indigenous ingredients and the local palate.", "Yeah Yeah Yeahs __knowledge__ Yeah Yeah Yeahs is an American indie rock band formed in New York City in 2000.", "Yeah Yeah Yeahs __knowledge__ The group is composed of vocalist and pianist Karen O, guitarist and keyboardist Nick Zinner, and drummer Brian Chase.", "Yeah Yeah Yeahs __knowledge__ They are complemented in live performances by second guitarist David Pajo, who joined as a touring member in 2009 and replaced Imaad Wasif who had previously held this role.", "Yeah Yeah Yeahs __knowledge__ According to an interview that aired during the ABC network's \"Live from Central Park SummerStage\" series, the band's name was taken from modern New York City vernacular.", "Yeah Yeah Yeahs __knowledge__ The band has recorded four studio albums; the first, \"Fever to Tell\", was released in 2003.", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ Confessions is the fourth studio album by American singer Usher.", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ It was released on March 23, 2004, by Arista Records.", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ Recording sessions for the album took place during 2003 to 2004, with its production handled by his longtime collaborator Jermaine Dupri, along with Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis and Lil Jon, among others.", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ Primarily an R&B album, \"Confessions\" showcases Usher as a crooner through a mixture of ballads and up-tempos, incorporating musical genres of dance-pop, hip hop and crunk.", "Confessions (Usher album) __knowledge__ The album's themes generated controversy about Usher's personal relationships; however, the album's primary producer Jermaine Dupri claimed the album reflects Dupri's own personal story.", "Gruit __knowledge__ Gruit (alternately grut or gruyt) is a herb mixture used for bittering and flavouring beer, popular before the extensive use of hops.", "Gruit __knowledge__ Gruit or grut ale may also refer to the beverage produced using gruit.", "Gruit __knowledge__ Historically, \"gruit\" is the term used in an area today covered by the Netherlands, Belgium and westernmost Germany.", "Gruit __knowledge__ Today however, \"gruit\" is a colloquial term for any beer seasoned with gruit-like herbs.", "Gruit __knowledge__ Gruit was a combination of herbs, commonly including sweet gale (\"Myrica gale\"), mugwort (\"Artemisia vulgaris\"), yarrow (\"Achillea millefolium\"), ground ivy (\"Glechoma hederacea\"), horehound (\"Marrubium vulgare\"), and Calluna heather (\"Calluna vulgaris\").", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Medieval cuisine includes foods, eating habits, and cooking methods of various European cultures during the Middle Ages, which lasted from the fifth to the fifteenth century.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ During this period, diets and cooking changed less than they did in the early modern period that followed, when those changes helped lay the foundations for modern European cuisine.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Cereals remained the most important staple during the early Middle Ages as rice was introduced late, and the potato was only introduced in 1536, with a much later date for widespread consumption.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Barley, oat and rye were eaten by the poor.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Wheat was for the governing classes.", "Hangover __knowledge__ A hangover is the experience of various unpleasant physiological and psychological effects following the consumption of ethanol, as found in wine, beer and distilled spirits.", "Hangover __knowledge__ Hangovers can last for several hours or for more than 24 hours.", "Hangover __knowledge__ Typical symptoms of a hangover may include headache, drowsiness, concentration problems, dry mouth, dizziness, fatigue, gastrointestinal distress (e.g., vomiting), absence of hunger, depression, sweating, nausea, hyper-excitability and anxiety.", "Hangover __knowledge__ While the causes of a hangover are still poorly understood, several factors are known to be involved including acetaldehyde accumulation, changes in the immune system and glucose metabolism, dehydration, metabolic acidosis, disturbed prostaglandin synthesis, increased cardiac output, vasodilation, sleep deprivation and malnutrition.", "Vanilla __knowledge__ Vanilla is a flavoring derived from orchids of the genus \"Vanilla\", primarily from the Mexican species, flat-leaved vanilla (\"V. planifolia\").", "Vanilla __knowledge__ The word \"vanilla\", derived from , the diminutive of the Spanish word (\"vaina\" itself meaning sheath or pod), is translated simply as \"little pod\".", "Vanilla __knowledge__ Pre-Columbian Mesoamerican people cultivated the vine of the vanilla orchid, called \"tlilxochitl\" by the Aztecs.", "Vanilla __knowledge__ Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés is credited with introducing both vanilla and chocolate to Europe in the 1520s.", "Vanilla __knowledge__ Pollination is required to set the vanilla fruit from which the flavoring is derived.", "Hops __knowledge__ Hops are the flowers (also called seed cones or strobiles) of the hop plant \"Humulus lupulus.\"", "Hops __knowledge__ They are used primarily as a flavoring and stability agent in beer, to which they impart bitter, zesty, or citric flavours; though they are also used for various purposes in other beverages and herbal medicine.", "Hops __knowledge__ The hop plant is a vigorous, climbing, herbaceous perennial, usually trained to grow up strings in a field called a hopfield, hop garden (nomenclature in the South of England), or hop yard (in the West Country and U.S.) when grown commercially.", "Hops __knowledge__ Many different varieties of hops are grown by farmers around the world, with different types being used for particular styles of beer.", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ Moonshine is a generic term for distilled alcoholic beverages made throughout the globe from indigenous ingredients reflecting the customs, tastes, and raw materials for fermentation available in each region.", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ The term commonly applies to small-scale production, which is often illegal or tightly regulated in many countries.", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ Zarbali is a moonshine still, a type of distilled alcoholic beverage supposedly made from fermented raisins.", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ In Albania, moonshine (Raki) is the primary alcoholic beverage consumed on daily basis.", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ It is made from different fruits, usually grapes, but also plums, apples, blackberries, and walnuts." ] ]

[ 2, 13, 5, 4 ]

[ "Well, beer is brewed from certain grains like malted barley, wheat, and maize. But there is also alcohol that is made from rice, you can try that out?", "You have to be careful with vodka since it's made up of water and ethanol, and the occasional traces of impurities/flavorings.", "Well, some flavoring agents for alcohol like gruit, herbs, and fruits may help with the hangover.", "Yes, without the flavorings, most modern beers can be bitter and the flavorings also act as a natural preservative and stabilizing agent." ]

[ "Beer", "Beer", "Beer", "Beer" ]

[ "Aquarium", "how was the experience", "did you take any photos", "were you alone or you went with someone " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Aquarium __knowledge__ An aquarium (plural: \"aquariums\" or \"aquaria\") is a vivarium of any size having at least one transparent side in which aquatic plants or animals are kept and displayed.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ Fishkeepers use aquaria to keep fish, invertebrates, amphibians, aquatic reptiles such as turtles, and aquatic plants.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ The term \"aquarium\", coined by English naturalist Philip Henry Gosse, combines the Latin root \"aqua\", meaning water, with the suffix \"-arium\", meaning \"a place for relating to\".", "Aquarium __knowledge__ The aquarium principle was fully developed in 1850 by the chemist Robert Warington, who explained that plants added to water in a container would give off enough oxygen to support animals, so long as the numbers of animals did not grow too large.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ The aquarium craze was launched in early Victorian England by Gosse, who created and stocked the first public aquarium at the London Zoo in 1853, and published the first manual, \"The Aquarium: An Unveiling of the Wonders of the Deep Sea\" in 1854.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ An aquarium is a water-filled tank in which fish swim about.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ Small aquariums are kept in the home by hobbyists.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ There are larger public aquariums in many cities.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ This kind of aquarium is a building with fish and other aquatic animals in large tanks." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Aquarium __knowledge__ An aquarium (plural: \"aquariums\" or \"aquaria\") is a vivarium of any size having at least one transparent side in which aquatic plants or animals are kept and displayed.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ Fishkeepers use aquaria to keep fish, invertebrates, amphibians, aquatic reptiles such as turtles, and aquatic plants.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ The term \"aquarium\", coined by English naturalist Philip Henry Gosse, combines the Latin root \"aqua\", meaning water, with the suffix \"-arium\", meaning \"a place for relating to\".", "Aquarium __knowledge__ The aquarium principle was fully developed in 1850 by the chemist Robert Warington, who explained that plants added to water in a container would give off enough oxygen to support animals, so long as the numbers of animals did not grow too large.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ The aquarium craze was launched in early Victorian England by Gosse, who created and stocked the first public aquarium at the London Zoo in 1853, and published the first manual, \"The Aquarium: An Unveiling of the Wonders of the Deep Sea\" in 1854.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ An aquarium is a water-filled tank in which fish swim about.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ Small aquariums are kept in the home by hobbyists.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ There are larger public aquariums in many cities.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ This kind of aquarium is a building with fish and other aquatic animals in large tanks.", "Customer experience __knowledge__ In commerce, customer experience (CX) is the product of an interaction between an organization and a customer over the duration of their relationship.", "Customer experience __knowledge__ This interaction is made up of three parts: the customer journey, the brand touchpoints the customer interacts with, and the environments the customer experiences (including digital environment) during their experience.", "Customer experience __knowledge__ A good customer experience means that the individual's experience during all points of contact matches the individual's expectations.", "Customer experience __knowledge__ Gartner asserts the importance of managing the customer's experience.", "Customer experience __knowledge__ Customer experience implies customer involvement at different levels – such as rational, emotional, sensorial, physical, and spiritual.", "Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics __knowledge__ Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics That Will Be Able to Present Itself as a Science () is a book by the German philosopher Immanuel Kant, published in 1783, two years after the first edition of his \"Critique of Pure Reason\".", "Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics __knowledge__ One of Kant's shorter works, it contains a summary of the \"Critique\"‘s main conclusions, sometimes by arguments Kant had not used in the \"Critique\".", "Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics __knowledge__ Kant characterizes his more accessible approach here as an \"analytic\" one, as opposed to the \"Critique\"‘s \"synthetic\" examination of successive faculties of the mind and their principles.", "Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics __knowledge__ The book is also intended as a polemic.", "Touchpoint __knowledge__ A touchpoint can be defined as any way a consumer can interact with a business, whether it be person-to-person, through a website, an app or any form of communication (“Touchpoint Glossary”, n.d.).", "Touchpoint __knowledge__ When consumers come in contact with these touchpoints it gives them the opportunity to compare their prior perceptions of the business and form an opinion (Stein, & Ramaseshan, 2016).", "Touchpoint __knowledge__ Touchpoints in marketing communications are the varying ways that a brand interacts and displays information to prospective customers and current customers.", "Touchpoint __knowledge__ Touchpoints allow customers to have experiences every time they “touch’ any part of the product, service, brand or organization, across multiple channels and various points in time (Pantano and Milena, 2015 and Zomerdijk and Voss, 2010).", "Scholarly approaches of mysticism __knowledge__ Scholarly approaches to mysticism include typologies of mysticism, and the explanation of mystical states.", "Scholarly approaches of mysticism __knowledge__ Since the 19th century, mystical experience has evolved as a distinctive concept.", "Scholarly approaches of mysticism __knowledge__ It is closely related to \"mysticism\" but lays sole emphasis on the experiential aspect, be it spontaneous or induced by human behavior, whereas mysticism encompasses a broad range of practices aiming at a transformation of the person, not just inducing mystical experiences.", "Scholarly approaches of mysticism __knowledge__ There is a longstanding discussion on the nature of socalled \"introvertive mysticism.\"", "Scholarly approaches of mysticism __knowledge__ Perennialists regard this kind of mysticism to be universal.", "Art as Experience __knowledge__ Art as Experience (1934) is John Dewey's major writing on aesthetics, originally delivered as the first William James Lecture at Harvard (1932).", "Art as Experience __knowledge__ Dewey's aesthetics have been found useful in a number of disciplines, including new media.", "Art as Experience __knowledge__ Dewey had previously written articles on aesthetics in the 1880s and had further addressed the matter in \"Democracy and Education\" (1915).", "Art as Experience __knowledge__ In his major work, \"Experience and Nature\" (1925), he laid out the beginnings of a theory of aesthetic experience, and wrote two important essays for \"Philosophy and Civilization\" (1931).", "Art as Experience __knowledge__ Dewey's theory, here, is an attempt to shift the understandings of what is important and characteristic about the art process from its physical manifestations in the ‘expressive object’ to the process in its entirety, a process whose fundamental element is no longer the material ‘work of art’ but rather the development of an ‘experience’.", "Religious experience __knowledge__ A religious experience (sometimes known as a spiritual experience, sacred experience, or mystical experience) is a subjective experience which is interpreted within a religious framework.", "Religious experience __knowledge__ The concept originated in the 19th century, as a defense against the growing rationalism of Western society.", "Religious experience __knowledge__ William James popularised the concept.", "Religious experience __knowledge__ Many religious and mystical traditions see religious experiences (particularly that knowledge which comes with them) as revelations caused by divine agency rather than ordinary natural processes.", "Religious experience __knowledge__ They are considered real encounters with God or gods, or real contact with higher-order realities of which humans are not ordinarily aware.", "Critique of Pure Reason __knowledge__ The Critique of Pure Reason (, KrV) (1781; second edition 1787) is a book by Immanuel Kant that is considered one of the most influential works in the history of philosophy.", "Critique of Pure Reason __knowledge__ Also referred to as Kant's \"First Critique\", it was followed by the \"Critique of Practical Reason\" (1788) and the \"Critique of Judgment\" (1790).", "Critique of Pure Reason __knowledge__ In the preface to the first edition Kant explains that by a \"critique of pure reason\" he means not \"a critique of books and systems, but of the faculty of reason in general, in respect of all knowledge after which it may strive independently of all experience.\"", "Critique of Pure Reason __knowledge__ Investigating the foundations and limits of human knowledge, and the extent to which the human mind is able to engage in metaphysics, Kant builds on the work of empiricist philosophers such as John Locke and David Hume, as well as rationalists such as Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and Christian Wolff.", "Monterey Bay Aquarium __knowledge__ Monterey Bay Aquarium is a nonprofit public aquarium in Monterey, California.", "Monterey Bay Aquarium __knowledge__ The aquarium is known for its regional focus on the marine habitats of Monterey Bay, being the first institution to exhibit a living kelp forest.", "Monterey Bay Aquarium __knowledge__ Its biologists have pioneered the animal husbandry of jellyfish and, , it remains the only public aquarium to have successfully exhibited a great white shark for longer than 16 days.", "Monterey Bay Aquarium __knowledge__ The aquarium participates in various animal breeding programs, publishes scientific research, and hosts and partakes in conferences.", "Monterey Bay Aquarium __knowledge__ Seafood Watch, the aquarium's seafood consumer awareness program, has had an influential role among consumers and businesses in enhancing sustainable fishing practices.", "Tennessee Aquarium __knowledge__ The Tennessee Aquarium is a non-profit public aquarium located in Chattanooga, Tennessee, United States.", "Tennessee Aquarium __knowledge__ It opened in 1992 on the banks of the Tennessee River in downtown Chattanooga, with a major expansion added in 2005.", "Tennessee Aquarium __knowledge__ The Aquarium, which has been accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) since 1993, is home to more than 12,000 animals representing almost 800 species.", "Tennessee Aquarium __knowledge__ More than 20 million people have visited the facility, with the twenty-millionth visitor arriving in March 2013.", "Tennessee Aquarium __knowledge__ It is consistently recognized as one of the country's top public aquariums.", "Tennessee Aquarium __knowledge__ The Tennessee Aquarium's exhibits are housed in two structures, the original River Journey building which opened in 1992 and the neighboring Ocean Journey expansion, which opened in 2005.", "Vancouver Aquarium __knowledge__ The Vancouver Aquarium (officially the Vancouver Aquarium Marine Science Centre) is a public aquarium located in Stanley Park in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.", "Vancouver Aquarium __knowledge__ In addition to being a major tourist attraction for Vancouver, the aquarium is a centre for marine research, conservation and marine animal rehabilitation.", "Vancouver Aquarium __knowledge__ The Vancouver Aquarium was one of the first facilities to incorporate professional naturalists into the galleries to interpret animal behaviours.", "Vancouver Aquarium __knowledge__ Prior to this, at the London Zoo Fish House, naturalists James S. Bowerbank, Ray Lankester, David W. Mitchell and Philip H. Gosse (the creator of the word aquarium) had regularly held \"open house\" events, but the Vancouver Aquarium was the first to employ educational naturalists on a full-time basis.", "Last Week Tonight with John Oliver __knowledge__ Last Week Tonight with John Oliver (often abridged as Last Week Tonight) is an American late-night talk and news satire television program hosted by comedian John Oliver.", "Last Week Tonight with John Oliver __knowledge__ The half-hour-long show premiered on Sunday, April 27, 2014, on HBO.", "Last Week Tonight with John Oliver __knowledge__ \"Last Week Tonight\" shares some similarities with Comedy Central's \"The Daily Show\" (where Oliver was previously featured as a correspondent and fill-in host), as it takes a satirical look at news, politics and current events, but on a weekly basis.", "Last Week Tonight with John Oliver __knowledge__ Oliver has stated that he has \"full creative freedom, including free rein to criticize corporations.\"", "Last Week Tonight with John Oliver __knowledge__ His initial contract with HBO was for two years with an option for extension.", "National Aquarium (Baltimore) __knowledge__ The National Aquarium (formerly known originally as the Baltimore Aquarium when it opened in 1981, then shortly later as the National Aquarium in Baltimore) is a non-profit public aquarium located at 501 East Pratt Street on Pier 3 in the Inner Harbor area of downtown Baltimore, Maryland in the United States.", "National Aquarium (Baltimore) __knowledge__ Constructed during a period of urban renewal in Baltimore, the aquarium opened on August 8, 1981.", "National Aquarium (Baltimore) __knowledge__ The aquarium has an annual attendance of 1.5 million visitors and is the largest tourism attraction in the State of Maryland.", "National Aquarium (Baltimore) __knowledge__ The Aquarium holds more than of water, and has more than 17,000 specimens representing over 750 species.", "Adventure Aquarium __knowledge__ The Adventure Aquarium, formerly the New Jersey State Aquarium, is a for-profit educational entertainment attraction operated in Camden, New Jersey on the Delaware River Camden Waterfront by the Herschend Family Entertainment Corporation.", "Adventure Aquarium __knowledge__ Originally opened in 1992, it re-opened in its current form on May 25, 2005 featuring about 8,000 animals living in varied forms of semi-aquatic, freshwater, and marine habitats.", "Adventure Aquarium __knowledge__ The facility has a total tank volume of over , and public floor space of .", "Adventure Aquarium __knowledge__ The aquarium was originally known as the New Jersey State Aquarium at Camden, and was operated by the non-profit New Jersey Academy for Aquatic Sciences, an organization chartered to run the Aquarium and further its mission of \"education\" and conservation." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Aquarium __knowledge__ An aquarium (plural: \"aquariums\" or \"aquaria\") is a vivarium of any size having at least one transparent side in which aquatic plants or animals are kept and displayed.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ Fishkeepers use aquaria to keep fish, invertebrates, amphibians, aquatic reptiles such as turtles, and aquatic plants.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ The term \"aquarium\", coined by English naturalist Philip Henry Gosse, combines the Latin root \"aqua\", meaning water, with the suffix \"-arium\", meaning \"a place for relating to\".", "Aquarium __knowledge__ The aquarium principle was fully developed in 1850 by the chemist Robert Warington, who explained that plants added to water in a container would give off enough oxygen to support animals, so long as the numbers of animals did not grow too large.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ The aquarium craze was launched in early Victorian England by Gosse, who created and stocked the first public aquarium at the London Zoo in 1853, and published the first manual, \"The Aquarium: An Unveiling of the Wonders of the Deep Sea\" in 1854.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ An aquarium is a water-filled tank in which fish swim about.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ Small aquariums are kept in the home by hobbyists.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ There are larger public aquariums in many cities.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ This kind of aquarium is a building with fish and other aquatic animals in large tanks.", "Instagram __knowledge__ Instagram is a mobile, desktop, and Internet-based photo-sharing application and service that allows users to share pictures and videos either publicly, or privately to pre-approved followers.", "Instagram __knowledge__ It was created by Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger, and launched in October 2010 as a free mobile app exclusively for the iOS operating system.", "Instagram __knowledge__ A version for Android devices was released two years later, in April 2012, followed by a feature-limited website interface in November 2012, and apps for Windows 10 Mobile and Windows 10 in April 2016 and October 2016 respectively.", "Instagram __knowledge__ It is owned by Facebook.", "Instagram __knowledge__ Instagram lets registered users upload photos or videos to the service.", "Google Photos __knowledge__ Google Photos is a photo sharing and storage service developed by Google.", "Google Photos __knowledge__ It was announced in May 2015 and spun out from Google+, the company's social network.", "Google Photos __knowledge__ Google Photos gives users free, unlimited storage for photos up to 16 megapixels and videos up to 1080p resolution.", "Google Photos __knowledge__ The service automatically analyzes photos, identifying various visual features and subjects.", "Google Photos __knowledge__ Users can search for anything in photos, with the service returning results from three major categories: People, Places, and Things.", "Google Photos __knowledge__ Google Photos recognizes faces, grouping similar ones together; geographic landmarks (such as the Eiffel Tower); and subject matter, including birthdays, buildings, animals, food, and more.", "Robbins v. Lower Merion School District __knowledge__ Robbins v. Lower Merion School District is a federal class action lawsuit, brought in February 2010 on behalf of students of two high schools in Lower Merion Township, Pennsylvania a suburb of Philadelphia.", "Robbins v. Lower Merion School District __knowledge__ In October 2010, the school district agreed to pay $610,000 to settle the \"Robbins\" and parallel \"Hasan\" lawsuits against it.", "Robbins v. Lower Merion School District __knowledge__ The suit alleged that, in what was dubbed the \"WebcamGate\" scandal, the schools secretly spied on the students while they were in the privacy of their homes.", "Robbins v. Lower Merion School District __knowledge__ School authorities surreptitiously and remotely activated webcams embedded in school-issued laptops the students were using at home.", "Imperial fora __knowledge__ The Imperial Fora (\"Fori Imperiali \" in Italian) are a series of monumental \"fora\" (public squares), constructed in Rome over a period of one and a half centuries, between 46 BC and 113 AD.", "Imperial fora __knowledge__ The forums were the center of the Roman Republic and of the Roman Empire.", "Imperial fora __knowledge__ The Imperial forums, while not part of the Roman Forum, are located relatively close to each other.", "Imperial fora __knowledge__ Julius Caesar was the first to build in this section of Rome and rearranged both the Forum and the Comitium, another forum type space designated for politics, to do so.", "Imperial fora __knowledge__ These forums were the centres of politics, religion and economy in the ancient Roman Empire.", "List of Remarkable Gardens of France __knowledge__ The Remarkable Gardens of France is intended to be a list and description, by region, of the more than three hundred gardens classified as \"Jardins remarquables\" by the French Ministry of Culture and the Comité des Parcs et Jardins de France.", "List of Remarkable Gardens of France __knowledge__ The complete list of gardens can be found on: site of the Comité des Parcs et Jardins.", "List of Remarkable Gardens of France __knowledge__ (see photos) (see photos) (see photos) (See photos) (see photos) (see photos) (see pictures) (see photos) Issoire - The Gardens of the Château d'Hauterive were originally part of the domaine of the Abbey of Issoire, founded in the 10th century.", "List of Remarkable Gardens of France __knowledge__ The present buildings date to the late 17th century; documents and old watercolors show that the gardens existed in 1680–1691, with much the same plan as today.", "Death of Osama bin Laden __knowledge__ Osama bin Laden, the founder and first leader of the Islamist group Al-Qaeda, was killed in Pakistan on May 2, 2011 shortly after 1:00 am PKT (20:00 UTC, May 1) by United States Navy SEALs of the U.S.", "Death of Osama bin Laden __knowledge__ Naval Special Warfare Development Group (also known as DEVGRU or SEAL Team Six).", "Death of Osama bin Laden __knowledge__ The operation, code-named Operation Neptune Spear, was carried out in a CIA-led operation with Joint Special Operations Command, commonly known as JSOC, coordinating the Special Mission Units involved in the raid.", "Death of Osama bin Laden __knowledge__ In addition to SEAL Team Six, participating units under JSOC included the 160th Special Operations Aviation Regiment (Airborne)\"—\"also known as \"Night Stalkers\"\"—\"and operators from the CIA's Special Activities Division, which recruits heavily from former JSOC Special Mission Units.", "Image sharing __knowledge__ Image sharing, or photo sharing, is the publishing or transfer of a user's digital photos online.", "Image sharing __knowledge__ Image sharing websites offer services such as uploading, hosting, managing and sharing of photos (publicly or privately).", "Image sharing __knowledge__ This function is provided through both websites and applications that facilitate the upload and display of images.", "Image sharing __knowledge__ The term can also be loosely applied to the use of online photo galleries that are set up and managed by individual users, including photoblogs.", "Image sharing __knowledge__ Sharing means that other users can view but not necessarily download images, and users can select different copyright options for their images.", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945) __knowledge__ The Blockade of Germany (1939–1945), also known as the Economic War, was carried out during World War II by the United Kingdom and France in order to restrict the supplies of minerals, metals, food and textiles needed by Nazi Germany - and later Fascist Italy - in order to sustain their war efforts.", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945) __knowledge__ The economic war consisted mainly of a naval blockade which formed part of the wider Battle of the Atlantic, and included the preclusive buying of war materials from neutral countries to prevent their sale to the enemy.", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945) __knowledge__ There were four distinct phases of the blockade.", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945) __knowledge__ The first period was from the beginning of European hostilities in September 1939 to the end of the \"Phoney War,\" during which the Allies and Axis Powers both intercepted neutral merchant ships to seize deliveries en route to the enemy.", "Tanks in the German Army __knowledge__ This article on military tanks deals with the history of tanks serving in the German Army from World War I, the interwar period, and the Panzers of the German Wehrmacht during World War II, the Cold War and modern times.", "Tanks in the German Army __knowledge__ The development of tanks in World War I began as an attempt to break the stalemate which trench warfare had brought to the Western Front.", "Tanks in the German Army __knowledge__ The British and French both began experimenting in 1915, and deployed tanks in battle from 1916 and 1917 respectively.", "Tanks in the German Army __knowledge__ The Germans, on the other hand, were slower to develop tanks, concentrating on anti-tank weapons.", "Tanks in the German Army __knowledge__ The German response to the modest initial successes of the Allied tanks was the A7V, which, like some other tanks of the period, was based on caterpillar tracks of the type found on the American Holt Tractors.", "Iran–Iraq War __knowledge__ The Iran–Iraq War was an armed conflict between Iran and Iraq, beginning on 22 September 1980, when Iraq invaded Iran, and ending on 20 August 1988, when Iran accepted the UN-brokered ceasefire.", "Iran–Iraq War __knowledge__ Iraq wanted to replace Iran as the dominant Persian Gulf state, and was worried that the 1979 Iranian Revolution would lead Iraq's Shi'ite majority to rebel against the Ba'athist government.", "Iran–Iraq War __knowledge__ The war also followed a long history of border disputes, and Iraq planned to annex the oil-rich Khuzestan Province and the east bank of the Shatt al-Arab (Arvand Rud).", "Iran–Iraq War __knowledge__ Although Iraq hoped to take advantage of Iran's post-revolutionary chaos, it made limited progress and was quickly repelled; Iran regained virtually all lost territory by June 1982.", "Yom Kippur War __knowledge__ The Yom Kippur War, Ramadan War, or October War (, ', or מלחמת יום כיפור\", \"; , ', or , '), also known as the 1973 Arab–Israeli War, was a war fought by a coalition of Arab states led by Egypt and Syria against Israel from October 6 to 25, 1973.", "Yom Kippur War __knowledge__ The fighting mostly took place in the Sinai and the Golan Heights, territories that had been occupied by Israel since the Six-Day War of 1967.", "Yom Kippur War __knowledge__ Egyptian President Anwar Sadat also wanted to reopen the Suez Canal.", "Yom Kippur War __knowledge__ Neither specifically planned to destroy Israel, although the Israeli leaders could not be sure of that.", "Yom Kippur War __knowledge__ The war began when the Arab coalition launched a joint surprise attack on Israeli positions in the Israeli-occupied territories on Yom Kippur, the holiest day in Judaism, which also occurred that year during the Muslim holy month of Ramadan.", "M4 Sherman __knowledge__ The M4 Sherman, officially Medium Tank, M4, was the most widely used medium tank by the United States and Western Allies in World War II.", "M4 Sherman __knowledge__ The M4 Sherman proved to be reliable, relatively cheap to produce, and available in great numbers.", "M4 Sherman __knowledge__ Thousands were distributed through the Lend-Lease program to the British Commonwealth and Soviet Union.", "M4 Sherman __knowledge__ The tank was named by the British for the American Civil War General William Tecumseh Sherman.", "M4 Sherman __knowledge__ The M4 Sherman evolved from the M3 Medium Tank, which had its main armament in a side sponson mount.", "M4 Sherman __knowledge__ The M4 retained much of the previous mechanical design, but put the main 75 mm gun in a fully traversing turret.", "Tank __knowledge__ A tank is an armoured fighting vehicle designed for front-line combat, with heavy firepower, strong armour,tracks and a powerful engine providing good battlefield maneuverability.", "Tank __knowledge__ The first tanks were designed to overcome the deadlock of trench warfare; in the 2010s, they are a mainstay of modern ground forces and a key part of combined arms combat.", "Tank __knowledge__ Modern tanks are versatile mobile land weapon system platforms, mounting a large-calibre cannon in a rotating gun turret, supplemented by mounted machine guns or other weapons.", "Tank __knowledge__ They combine this with heavy vehicle armour which provides protection for the crew, the vehicle's weapons, and its propulsion systems, and operational mobility, due to its use of tracks rather than wheels, which allows the tank to move over rugged terrain and adverse conditions such as mud, and be positioned on the battlefield in advantageous locations." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Aquarium __knowledge__ An aquarium (plural: \"aquariums\" or \"aquaria\") is a vivarium of any size having at least one transparent side in which aquatic plants or animals are kept and displayed.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ Fishkeepers use aquaria to keep fish, invertebrates, amphibians, aquatic reptiles such as turtles, and aquatic plants.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ The term \"aquarium\", coined by English naturalist Philip Henry Gosse, combines the Latin root \"aqua\", meaning water, with the suffix \"-arium\", meaning \"a place for relating to\".", "Aquarium __knowledge__ The aquarium principle was fully developed in 1850 by the chemist Robert Warington, who explained that plants added to water in a container would give off enough oxygen to support animals, so long as the numbers of animals did not grow too large.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ The aquarium craze was launched in early Victorian England by Gosse, who created and stocked the first public aquarium at the London Zoo in 1853, and published the first manual, \"The Aquarium: An Unveiling of the Wonders of the Deep Sea\" in 1854.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ An aquarium is a water-filled tank in which fish swim about.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ Small aquariums are kept in the home by hobbyists.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ There are larger public aquariums in many cities.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ This kind of aquarium is a building with fish and other aquatic animals in large tanks.", "Someone like You (Adele song) __knowledge__ \"Someone like You\" is a song by British singer Adele.", "Someone like You (Adele song) __knowledge__ It was written by Adele and Dan Wilson for her second studio album, \"21\".", "Someone like You (Adele song) __knowledge__ It is the second single and final track on the album.", "Someone like You (Adele song) __knowledge__ The song was inspired by a broken relationship, and lyrically speaks of Adele's coming to terms with it.", "Someone like You (Adele song) __knowledge__ XL Recordings released the song as the second single from the album on 24 January 2011 in the United Kingdom and on 9 August 2011 in the United States.", "Someone like You (Adele song) __knowledge__ Accompanied only by a piano in the song (played by co-writer Wilson), Adele sings about the end of the relationship with her ex-boyfriend.", "Someone like You (Adele song) __knowledge__ The song received wide acclaim from music critics, who chose the song as a highlight of \"21\" and praised the lyrics, its simple sound and Adele's vocal performance.", "Va'etchanan __knowledge__ Va'etchanan ( — Hebrew for \"and I pleaded,\" the first word in the parashah) is the 45th weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the second in the Book of Deuteronomy.", "Va'etchanan __knowledge__ It constitutes .", "Va'etchanan __knowledge__ The parashah tells how Moses asked to see the Land of Israel, made arguments to obey the law, recounted setting up the Cities of Refuge, recited the Ten Commandments and the \"Shema\", and gave instructions for the Israelites' conquest of the Land.", "Va'etchanan __knowledge__ The parashah is made up of 7,343 Hebrew letters, 1,878 Hebrew words, 122 verses, and can occupy about 249 lines in a Torah Scroll (, \"Sefer Torah\").", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Friday the 13th is an American horror franchise that consists of twelve slasher films, a television show, novels, and comic books.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ The main villain in the series is Jason Voorhees, who drowned at Camp Crystal Lake as a boy due to the negligence of the teenage counselors.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Decades later, the lake is rumored to be \"cursed\" and is the setting for a series of mass murders.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Jason is featured in all of the films, either as the killer or as the motivation for the killings.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Each entry in the series features a different cast of characters, including a final girl who defeats the killer in the end.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Recurring characters in the series include Jason's vengeful mother Pamela Voorhees, Alice Hardy, Tommy Jarvis and Crazy Ralph.", "List of Saint Seiya: The Lost Canvas characters __knowledge__ This article comprises a list of characters of the manga \"\" by Shiori Teshirogi.", "List of Saint Seiya: The Lost Canvas characters __knowledge__ The names of Athena's Saints include their constellations, and Hades' Specters include their destiny stars, being in both cases the last one their real names.", "List of Saint Seiya: The Lost Canvas characters __knowledge__ As some of the characters appear only in this derivative work and not in Masami Kurumada's original manga, their canonicity within the universe of Kurumada's work is still unrevealed.", "List of Saint Seiya: The Lost Canvas characters __knowledge__ Age: 15 Age: 15 During the next two years, his personality undergoes a drastic change after realizing everything he painted dies.", "List of Saint Seiya: The Lost Canvas characters __knowledge__ Convinced by Hypnos, he starts to believe that death is the ultimate salvation.", "Numbertime __knowledge__ Numbertime is a BBC educational numeracy television series for primary schools that was aired on BBC Two from 20 September 1993 to 3 December 2001.", "Numbertime __knowledge__ For its first four series, it was presented by Lolita Chakrabarti.", "Numbertime __knowledge__ El Nombre, an animated character from \"Numbertime\", eventually became the concept for another educational BBC children's television program; his name means \"The Name\" in Spanish, and not \"The Number\", which would be \"El Número\".", "Numbertime __knowledge__ The third line of his opening song and his farewell catchphrase were also changed several times during the series' run, to reflect their focus - however, the original ones (\"Writing numbers in the desert sand\" which was also used for the seventh series, and \"Adios amigos, and keep counting\" which was also used for the fourth, sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth series) remain the most famous.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Yes and no, or word pairs with a similar usage , are expressions of the affirmative and the negative, respectively, in several languages including English.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages make distinction between answers to affirmative versus negative questions, thus may have triplet or quadruplets of words instead.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ English originally used a four-form system up to and including Early Middle English but Modern English has reduced this to a two-form system consisting of just 'yes' and 'no'.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ It exists in eye blink communication, Morse Code, sign language, and maybe in color coded flag communication.", "Yes and no __knowledge__ Some languages do not answer yes–no questions with single words meaning 'yes' or 'no'.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Yes Oh __knowledge__ Yes Oh (styled as yes Oh) is an Israeli television channel carried by the Israeli satellite television provider - \"yes\", which broadcasts newer American and British TV Shows from HBO, AMC, Showtime, Starz and FX in Midnights.", "Yes Oh __knowledge__ The channel began airing on January 21, 2012, on channel 14, replacing \"yes Real\" \"yes Oh\" airs all of its schedule in High Definition simulcast on yes Oh HD on channel 14.", "Yes Oh __knowledge__ On January 17, 2010, \"yes\" launched the channel Yes Next (styled as yes Next and formerly called \"yes stars Next\"), which broadcast American, British and Israeli TV shows from all genres.", "Yes Oh __knowledge__ The concept of the channel was to air shows approaching to the younger demographics.", "Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home __knowledge__ Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home is a 1986 American science fiction film released by Paramount Pictures.", "Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home __knowledge__ It is the fourth feature film based on \"Star Trek\", and is a sequel to \"\" (1984).", "Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home __knowledge__ It completes the story arc begun in \"\" (1982) and continued in \"The Search for Spock\".", "Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home __knowledge__ Intent on returning home to Earth to face trial for their actions in the previous film, the former crew of the USS \"Enterprise\" finds the planet in grave danger from an alien probe attempting to contact now-extinct humpback whales.", "Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home __knowledge__ The crew travel to Earth's past to find whales who can answer the probe's call.", "Star Trek IV: The Voyage Home __knowledge__ After directing \"The Search for Spock\", cast member Leonard Nimoy was asked to direct the next feature, and given greater freedom regarding the film's content.", "Slosh dynamics __knowledge__ In fluid dynamics, slosh refers to the movement of liquid inside another object (which is, typically, also undergoing motion).", "Slosh dynamics __knowledge__ Strictly speaking, the liquid must have a free surface to constitute a slosh dynamics problem, where the dynamics of the liquid can interact with the container to alter the system dynamics significantly.", "Slosh dynamics __knowledge__ Important examples include propellant slosh in spacecraft tanks and rockets (especially upper stages), and the free surface effect (cargo slosh) in ships and trucks transporting liquids (for example oil and gasoline).", "Slosh dynamics __knowledge__ However, it has become common to refer to liquid motion in a completely filled tank, i.e." ] ]

[ 8, 1, 6, 0 ]

[ "I went to an aquarium in the large public city last week. It was very neat. ", "It was great, I saw a lot of tanks with tranparent sides to see the plants and animals", "oh yes, i didn't wan to miss pictures of the water-filled tank in which fish were swimming about. ", "no, I was by myself. It was to learn more about all the fish." ]

[ "Aquarium", "Aquarium", "Aquarium", "Aquarium" ]

[ "Beach\nI love going to the beach and I'm very lucky to always have lived near one. I've lived in San Diego, Virginia Beach, Sicily, and the west coast of Spain.", "Where do you go once a year? My favorite was San Diego, on the La Jolla shore. There's a lot of very small pebbles rather than sand.", "I really want to visit Greece someday with my wife. We've been to Naxos in Sicily which is an old Greek city on island. There's some really nice white sand there reminiscent of Greece.", "I just looked up a photo and wow, that looks amazing. You're very lucky to have had a holiday there." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Beach __knowledge__ A beach is a landform alongside a body of water which consists of loose particles.", "Beach __knowledge__ The particles composing a beach are typically made from rock, such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, or cobblestones.", "Beach __knowledge__ The particles can also be biological in origin, such as mollusc shells or coralline algae.", "Beach __knowledge__ Some beaches have man-made infrastructure, such as lifeguard posts, changing rooms, and showers.", "Beach __knowledge__ They may also have hospitality venues (such as resorts, camps, hotels, and restaurants) nearby.", "Beach __knowledge__ Wild beaches, also known as undeveloped or undiscovered beaches, are not developed in this manner.", "Beach __knowledge__ Wild beaches can be valued for their untouched beauty and preserved nature.", "Beach __knowledge__ Beaches typically occur in areas along the coast where wave or current action deposits and reworks sediments.", "Beach __knowledge__ Although the seashore is most commonly associated with the word \"beach\", beaches are also found by lakes and alongside large rivers.", "Beach __knowledge__ \"Beach\" may refer to: The former are described in detail below; the larger geological units are discussed elsewhere under bars.", "Beach __knowledge__ There are several conspicuous parts to a beach that relate to the processes that form and shape it.", "Beach __knowledge__ The part mostly above water (depending upon tide), and more or less actively influenced by the waves at some point in the tide, is termed the beach berm.", "Virginia Beach, Virginia __knowledge__ Virginia Beach is an independent city located on the southeastern coast of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States.", "Virginia Beach, Virginia __knowledge__ As of the 2010 census, the population was 437,994.", "Virginia Beach, Virginia __knowledge__ In 2015, the population was estimated to be 452,745.", "Virginia Beach, Virginia __knowledge__ Although mostly suburban in character, it is the most populous city in Virginia and the 41st most populous city in the nation.", "Virginia Beach, Virginia __knowledge__ Located on the Atlantic Ocean at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay, Virginia Beach is included in the Hampton Roads metropolitan area.", "Virginia Beach, Virginia __knowledge__ This area, known as \"America's First Region\", also includes the independent cities of Chesapeake, Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk, Portsmouth, and Suffolk, as well as other smaller cities, counties, and towns of Hampton Roads.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the California coast, the use of ships and the Pacific Ocean has historically included water craft (such as dugouts, canoes, sailing ships, and steamships), fisheries, shipbuilding, Gold Rush shipping, ports, shipwrecks, naval ships and installations, and lighthouses.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ The maritime history of California can be divided into several periods: the Native American period; European exploration period from 1542 to 1769; the Spanish colonial period, 1769 to 1821; the Mexican period, 1821 to 1847; and United States statehood period, which continues to the present day.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the northwest coast of California near the redwood forests several Indian tribes developed large dugout canoes they used for fishing, trade and warfare.", "San Diego __knowledge__ San Diego (; Spanish for \"Saint Didacus\"; Spanish: ) is a major city in California, United States.", "San Diego __knowledge__ It is in San Diego County, on the coast of the Pacific Ocean in Southern California, approximately south of Los Angeles and immediately adjacent to the border with Mexico.", "San Diego __knowledge__ With an estimated population of 1,406,630 as of July 1, 2016, San Diego is the eighth-largest city in the United States and second-largest in California.", "San Diego __knowledge__ It is part of the San Diego–Tijuana conurbation, the second-largest transborder agglomeration between the US and a bordering country after Detroit–Windsor, with a population of 4,922,723 people.", "San Diego–Tijuana __knowledge__ San Diego–Tijuana is an international metropolitan conurbation, straddling the border of the adjacent North American coastal cities of San Diego, California, United States and Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico.", "San Diego–Tijuana __knowledge__ The 2012 population of the region was 4,922,723, making it the largest bi-national conurbation shared between the United States and Mexico, the second-largest shared between the US and another country (after Detroit-Windsor), and the fourth largest in the world.", "San Diego–Tijuana __knowledge__ In its entirety, the region consists of San Diego County in the United States and the municipalities of Tijuana, Rosarito Beach, and Tecate in Mexico.", "Hampton Roads __knowledge__ Hampton Roads is the name of both a body of water in Virginia and the surrounding metropolitan region in Southeastern Virginia and Northeastern North Carolina, United States.", "Hampton Roads __knowledge__ Comprising the Virginia Beach–Norfolk–Newport News, VA–NC metropolitan area and an extended Combined Statistical Area that includes the Elizabeth City, NC Micropolitan Statistical Area and Kill Devil Hills, NC Micropolitan Statistical Area, Hampton Roads is known for its large military presence, ice-free harbor, shipyards, coal piers, and miles of waterfront property and beaches, all of which contribute to the diversity and stability of the region's economy.", "History of California __knowledge__ The history of California can be divided into: the Native American period; European exploration period from 1542 to 1769; the Spanish colonial period, 1769 to 1821; the Mexican period, 1821 to 1848; and United States statehood, which continues to this present day.", "History of California __knowledge__ California was settled from the North by successive waves of arrivals during the last 10,000 years.", "History of California __knowledge__ It was one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse areas in pre-Columbian North America.", "History of California __knowledge__ After contact with Spanish explorers, most of the Native Americans died out from European diseases.", "History of California __knowledge__ After the Portolá expedition of 1769–70, Spanish missionaries began setting up 21 California Missions on or near the coast of Alta (Upper) California, beginning in San Diego.", "History of Virginia Beach, Virginia __knowledge__ The history of Virginia Beach, Virginia, goes back to the Native Americans who lived in the area for thousands of years before the English colonists landed at Cape Henry in April 1607 and established their first permanent settlement at Jamestown a few weeks later.", "History of Virginia Beach, Virginia __knowledge__ The Colonial Virginia period extended until 1776 and the American Revolution, and the area has been part of the Commonwealth of Virginia ever since.", "History of Virginia Beach, Virginia __knowledge__ Since 1634, area known today as Virginia Beach has been part of the same unit of local government, except for 11 years.", "History of Virginia Beach, Virginia __knowledge__ In 1952, when resort Town of Virginia Beach became an independent city, followed by the rest of Princess Anne County which whom it was reunited and politically consolidated by mutual approval of residents to form a new independent city in 1963." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Beach __knowledge__ A beach is a landform alongside a body of water which consists of loose particles.", "Beach __knowledge__ The particles composing a beach are typically made from rock, such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, or cobblestones.", "Beach __knowledge__ The particles can also be biological in origin, such as mollusc shells or coralline algae.", "Beach __knowledge__ Some beaches have man-made infrastructure, such as lifeguard posts, changing rooms, and showers.", "Beach __knowledge__ They may also have hospitality venues (such as resorts, camps, hotels, and restaurants) nearby.", "Beach __knowledge__ Wild beaches, also known as undeveloped or undiscovered beaches, are not developed in this manner.", "Beach __knowledge__ Wild beaches can be valued for their untouched beauty and preserved nature.", "Beach __knowledge__ Beaches typically occur in areas along the coast where wave or current action deposits and reworks sediments.", "Beach __knowledge__ Although the seashore is most commonly associated with the word \"beach\", beaches are also found by lakes and alongside large rivers.", "Beach __knowledge__ \"Beach\" may refer to: The former are described in detail below; the larger geological units are discussed elsewhere under bars.", "Beach __knowledge__ There are several conspicuous parts to a beach that relate to the processes that form and shape it.", "Beach __knowledge__ The part mostly above water (depending upon tide), and more or less actively influenced by the waves at some point in the tide, is termed the beach berm.", "La Jolla __knowledge__ La Jolla (; ) is a hilly seaside and affluent community within the city of San Diego, California, United States occupying 7 miles (11 km) of curving coastline along the Pacific Ocean within the northern city limits.", "La Jolla __knowledge__ The population reported in the 2010 Census was 46,781.", "La Jolla __knowledge__ The 2004 estimated population was 42,808.", "La Jolla __knowledge__ La Jolla is surrounded on three sides by ocean bluffs and beaches and is located north of Downtown San Diego, and south of Orange County, The climate is mild, with an average daily temperature of 70.5 °F (21.4 °C) La Jolla is home to a variety of businesses in the areas of lodging, dining, shopping, software, finance, real estate, bioengineering, medical practice and scientific research.", "San Diego __knowledge__ San Diego (; Spanish for \"Saint Didacus\"; Spanish: ) is a major city in California, United States.", "San Diego __knowledge__ It is in San Diego County, on the coast of the Pacific Ocean in Southern California, approximately south of Los Angeles and immediately adjacent to the border with Mexico.", "San Diego __knowledge__ With an estimated population of 1,406,630 as of July 1, 2016, San Diego is the eighth-largest city in the United States and second-largest in California.", "San Diego __knowledge__ It is part of the San Diego–Tijuana conurbation, the second-largest transborder agglomeration between the US and a bordering country after Detroit–Windsor, with a population of 4,922,723 people.", "La Jolla High School __knowledge__ La Jolla High School (LJHS) is a comprehensive high school for grades 9–12 located in La Jolla, California, a community within the city limits of San Diego.", "La Jolla High School __knowledge__ Opened in 1922, La Jolla High School (LJHS) is San Diego Unified School District’s second oldest campus.", "La Jolla High School __knowledge__ The site encompasses 12 acres with 14 permanent buildings.", "La Jolla High School __knowledge__ LJHS, one of the 16 high schools in the district, is located in La Jolla, a community of about 41,000 within the city limits of San Diego.", "La Jolla High School __knowledge__ The high school is surrounded by residential housing and private and public entities including the University of California, San Diego, Salk Institute, Scripps Institute of Oceanography, Scripps Health, Scripps Research Institute, and retail, financial and professional services, and located south of downtown La Jolla.", "La Jolla Historical Society __knowledge__ The La Jolla Historical Society is a private 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization, in La Jolla, San Diego County, California, that is committed to the discovery, collection and preservation of La Jolla’s heritage through collections, programs and advocacy.", "La Jolla Historical Society __knowledge__ The La Jolla Historical Society envisions itself as a center for research and education about the history and stories of the La Jolla community, as an agent for positive impact as it relates to the built environment, and as an advocate for intergenerational and cultural understanding.", "La Jolla Historical Society __knowledge__ The La Jolla Historical Society produces a wide range of programs and events.", "Mount Soledad cross controversy __knowledge__ The Mount Soledad Cross is a prominent landmark located on top of Mount Soledad in the La Jolla neighborhood of the city of San Diego, California.", "Mount Soledad cross controversy __knowledge__ The present structure was erected in 1954; it is the third Christian cross in that location, the first having been put up in 1913.", "Mount Soledad cross controversy __knowledge__ Architect Donald Campbell designed the present cross in recessed concrete.", "Mount Soledad cross controversy __knowledge__ It is tall (43 feet tall including the base) with a arm spread.", "Mount Soledad cross controversy __knowledge__ Beginning in 1989, almost ten years before the immediate area around the cross was turned into a war memorial, and ongoing to the present, the Mount Soledad Cross had been involved in a continuous litigation regarding its legal status.", "Culture of San Diego __knowledge__ The culture of San Diego, California is influenced heavily by American and Mexican cultures due to its position as a border town, its large Hispanic population, and its history as part of Spanish America and Mexico.", "Culture of San Diego __knowledge__ San Diego's longtime association with the U.S. military also contributes to its culture.", "Culture of San Diego __knowledge__ Present-day culture includes many historical and tourist attractions, a thriving musical and theatrical scene, numerous notable special events, a varied cuisine, and a reputation as one of America's premier centers of craft brewing.", "Culture of San Diego __knowledge__ Tourism has affected the city's culture, as San Diego houses many tourist attractions, such as SeaWorld, Aquatica San Diego, the San Diego Zoo, San Diego Wild Animal Park, Belmont Park, Balboa Park, and nearby Legoland.", "California State Route 52 __knowledge__ State Route 52 (SR 52) is a state highway in San Diego County, California, that extends from La Jolla Parkway at Interstate 5 (I-5) in La Jolla, San Diego, to SR 67 in Santee.", "California State Route 52 __knowledge__ It is a freeway for its entire length and serves as a major east–west route through the northern part of the city of San Diego.", "California State Route 52 __knowledge__ The road connects the major north–south freeways of the county, including I-5, I-805, SR 163, I-15, SR 125, and SR 67.", "California State Route 52 __knowledge__ SR 52 passes north of the Rose Canyon Fault before traversing Marine Corps Air Station Miramar (MCAS Miramar).", "California State Route 52 __knowledge__ East of Santo Road and west of SR 125, the highway goes through Mission Trails Regional Park, a large open preserve.", "Big Sur __knowledge__ Big Sur is a lightly populated, unincorporated region on California's Central Coast that is frequently praised for its rugged coastline and mountain views, where the Santa Lucia Mountains rise abruptly from the Pacific Ocean.", "Big Sur __knowledge__ The coast is the \"longest and most scenic stretch of undeveloped coastline in the [contiguous] United States,\" it has been described as a \"national treasure that demands extraordinary procedures to protect it from development\" and \"one of the most beautiful coastlines anywhere in the world, an isolated stretch of road, mythic in reputation.\"", "Big Sur __knowledge__ Big Sur's Cone Peak at 5,155 feet (1,571 m) is only 3 miles (5 km) from the ocean and the tallest coastal mountain in the contiguous United States.", "Oregon Coast __knowledge__ The Oregon Coast is a region of the U.S. state of Oregon.", "Oregon Coast __knowledge__ It runs generally north–south along the Pacific Ocean, forming the western border of the state; the region is bounded to the east by the Oregon Coast Range.", "Oregon Coast __knowledge__ The Oregon Coast stretches approximately from the Columbia River in the north to the California state border in the south.", "Oregon Coast __knowledge__ The Oregon Coast is not a specific geological, environmental, or political entity, but instead includes the entire coastline of Oregon, including the Columbia River Estuary.", "Oregon Coast __knowledge__ The Oregon Beach Bill of 1967 allows free beach access to everyone.", "Oregon Coast __knowledge__ This bill allows private beach landowners to retain certain beach land rights, but it removes the property tax obligation of the beach landowner.", "List of beaches __knowledge__ This is a list of beaches of the world, sorted by country.", "List of beaches __knowledge__ A beach is a landform along the shoreline of an ocean, sea, lake, or river.", "List of beaches __knowledge__ It usually consists of loose particles, which are often composed of rock, such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, or cobblestones.", "List of beaches __knowledge__ Beaches typically occur in areas along the coast where wave or current action deposits and reworks sediments.", "List of beaches __knowledge__ The particles comprising a beach are occasionally biological in origin, such as mollusc shells or coralline algae.", "List of beaches __knowledge__ Source: Beaches in Algeria Source: Argentina's Travel Guide — Beaches Bahía de cata, El playon, La punta, Cuyagua, Los Caracas, Playa pantaleta, Playa lido, Playa muerta, Chuao, Cepe, Playa grande, Playa Parguito, El yaque, Los roques, Isla de coche, La ciénaga, uricao, la boca, el diario, El Playon, Adicora, Playa Medina, Playa la punta, Las Isletas de Piritu, Playa punta la cruz.", "Marine habitats __knowledge__ The marine environment supplies many kinds of habitats that support marine life.", "Marine habitats __knowledge__ Marine life depends in some way on the saltwater that is in the sea (the term \"marine\" comes from the Latin \"mare\", meaning sea or ocean).", "Marine habitats __knowledge__ A habitat is an ecological or environmental area inhabited by one or more living species.", "Marine habitats __knowledge__ Marine habitats can be divided into coastal and open ocean habitats.", "Marine habitats __knowledge__ Coastal habitats are found in the area that extends from as far as the tide comes in on the shoreline out to the edge of the continental shelf.", "Marine habitats __knowledge__ Most marine life is found in coastal habitats, even though the shelf area occupies only seven percent of the total ocean area.", "Landing Craft Assault __knowledge__ Landing Craft Assault (LCA) was a landing craft used extensively in World War II.", "Landing Craft Assault __knowledge__ Its primary purpose was to ferry troops from transport ships to attack enemy-held shores.", "Landing Craft Assault __knowledge__ The craft derived from a prototype designed by John I. Thornycroft Ltd. of Woolston, Hampshire, UK.", "Landing Craft Assault __knowledge__ During the war it was manufactured throughout the United Kingdom in places as various as small boatyards and furniture manufacturers.", "Landing Craft Assault __knowledge__ Typically constructed of hardwood planking and selectively clad with armour plate, this shallow-draft, barge-like boat with a crew of four could ferry an infantry platoon of 31, with space to spare for five additional specialist troops, to shore at 7 knots (13 km/h).", "Long Island Sound __knowledge__ Long Island Sound is a tidal estuary of the Atlantic Ocean, lying between the eastern shores of Bronx County, New York City, southern Westchester County, and Connecticut to the north, and the North Shore of Long Island, to the south.", "Long Island Sound __knowledge__ From east to west, the sound stretches 110 miles (177 km) from the East River in New York City, along the North Shore of Long Island, to Block Island Sound.", "Long Island Sound __knowledge__ A mix of freshwater from tributaries and saltwater from the ocean, Long Island Sound is 21 miles (34 km) at its widest point and varies in depth from .", "Long Island Sound __knowledge__ Several major cities are situated along Long Island Sound and more than 8 million people live within its watershed." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Beach __knowledge__ A beach is a landform alongside a body of water which consists of loose particles.", "Beach __knowledge__ The particles composing a beach are typically made from rock, such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, or cobblestones.", "Beach __knowledge__ The particles can also be biological in origin, such as mollusc shells or coralline algae.", "Beach __knowledge__ Some beaches have man-made infrastructure, such as lifeguard posts, changing rooms, and showers.", "Beach __knowledge__ They may also have hospitality venues (such as resorts, camps, hotels, and restaurants) nearby.", "Beach __knowledge__ Wild beaches, also known as undeveloped or undiscovered beaches, are not developed in this manner.", "Beach __knowledge__ Wild beaches can be valued for their untouched beauty and preserved nature.", "Beach __knowledge__ Beaches typically occur in areas along the coast where wave or current action deposits and reworks sediments.", "Beach __knowledge__ Although the seashore is most commonly associated with the word \"beach\", beaches are also found by lakes and alongside large rivers.", "Beach __knowledge__ \"Beach\" may refer to: The former are described in detail below; the larger geological units are discussed elsewhere under bars.", "Beach __knowledge__ There are several conspicuous parts to a beach that relate to the processes that form and shape it.", "Beach __knowledge__ The part mostly above water (depending upon tide), and more or less actively influenced by the waves at some point in the tide, is termed the beach berm.", "History of the Cyclades __knowledge__ The Cyclades (Greek: Κυκλάδες \"Kykládes\") are Greek islands located in the southern part of the Aegean Sea.", "History of the Cyclades __knowledge__ The archipelago contains some 2,200 islands, islets and rocks; just 33 islands are inhabited.", "History of the Cyclades __knowledge__ For the ancients, they formed a circle (κύκλος / kyklos in Greek) around the sacred island of Delos, hence the name of the archipelago.", "History of the Cyclades __knowledge__ The best-known are, from north to south and from east to west: Andros, Tinos, Mykonos, Naxos, Amorgos, Syros, Paros and Antiparos, Ios, Santorini, Anafi, Kea, Kythnos, Serifos, Sifnos, Folegandros and Sikinos, Milos and Kimolos; to these can be added the little Cyclades: Irakleia, Schoinoussa, Koufonisi, Keros and Donoussa, as well as Makronisos between Kea and Attica, Gyaros, which lies before Andros, and Polyaigos to the east of Kimolos and Thirassia, before Santorini.", "Greeks __knowledge__ The Greeks or Hellenes (, \"Éllines\" ) are an ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Albania, Italy, Turkey, Egypt and, to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea.", "Greeks __knowledge__ They also form a significant diaspora, with Greek communities established around the world.", "Greeks __knowledge__ Greek colonies and communities have been historically established on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea, but the Greek people have always been centered on the Aegean and Ionian seas, where the Greek language has been spoken since the Bronze Age.", "Greeks __knowledge__ Until the early 20th century, Greeks were distributed between the Greek peninsula, the western coast of Asia Minor, the Black Sea coast, Cappadocia in central Anatolia, Egypt, the Balkans, Cyprus, and Constantinople.", "History of Carthage __knowledge__ Carthage was founded in the 9th century BC on the coast of North Africa, in what is now Tunisia.", "History of Carthage __knowledge__ It developed into a significant trading empire throughout the Mediterranean, and was seen as home to a wealthy and brilliant civilization.", "History of Carthage __knowledge__ After a long conflict with the emerging civilisation of Ancient Rome, known as the Punic Wars, during which advantage shifted from one side to the other and Hannibal conducted a campaign in Italy after first crossing the Alps, Rome finally destroyed Carthage in 146 B.C.", "History of Carthage __knowledge__ A Roman Carthage was established on the ruins of the first.", "History of Carthage __knowledge__ The city started as one of a number of Phoenician settlements in the western Mediterranean that were created to facilitate trade from the city of Tyre on the coast of what is now Lebanon.", "Classical Greece __knowledge__ Classical Greece was a period of around 200 years (5th and 4th centuries BC) in Greek culture.", "Classical Greece __knowledge__ This Classical period saw the annexation of much of modern-day Greece by the Persian Empire and its subsequent independence.", "Classical Greece __knowledge__ Classical Greece had a powerful influence on the Roman Empire and on the foundations of western civilization.", "Classical Greece __knowledge__ Much of modern Western politics, artistic thought (architecture, sculpture), scientific thought, theatre, literature, and philosophy derives from this period of Greek history.", "Classical Greece __knowledge__ In the context of the art, architecture, and culture of Ancient Greece, the Classical period corresponds to most of the 5th and 4th centuries BC (the most common dates being the fall of the last Athenian tyrant in 510 BC and the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC).", "Sicily __knowledge__ Sicily ( ; , ) is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.", "Sicily __knowledge__ It is an autonomous region of Italy, in Southern Italy along with surrounding minor islands, officially referred to as \"Regione Siciliana\".", "Sicily __knowledge__ Sicily is located in the central Mediterranean Sea, south of the Italian Peninsula, from which it is separated by the narrow Strait of Messina.", "Sicily __knowledge__ Its most prominent landmark is Mount Etna, the tallest active volcano in Europe, and one of the most active in the world, currently high.", "Sicily __knowledge__ The island has a typical Mediterranean climate.", "Sicily __knowledge__ The earliest archaeological evidence of human activity on the island dates from as early as 12,000 BC.", "Hellenistic period __knowledge__ The Hellenistic period covers the period of Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year.", "Hellenistic period __knowledge__ The Ancient Greek word Hellas (Ἑλλάς, Ellás) is the original word for Greece, which the word Hellenistic was derived from.", "Hellenistic period __knowledge__ At this time, Greek cultural influence and power was at its peak in Europe, North Africa and Western Asia, experiencing prosperity and progress in the arts, exploration, literature, theatre, architecture, music, mathematics, philosophy, and science.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ Zakynthos (, \"Zákynthos\" , ) or Zante (, \"Tzánte\" , ; from Venetian), is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ It is the third largest of the Ionian Islands.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ Zakynthos is a separate regional unit of the Ionian Islands region, and its only municipality.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ It covers an area of and its coastline is roughly in length.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ The name, like all similar names ending in -nthos, is pre-Mycenaean or Pelasgian in origin.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ In Greek mythology the island was said to be named after Zakynthos, the son of a legendary Arcadian chief Dardanus.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ Zakynthos is a tourist destination, with an international airport served by charter flights from northern Europe.", "Borino __knowledge__ Borino (, ) is a village of Smolyan Province in southern Bulgaria, it is the administrative centre of Borino Municipality.", "Borino __knowledge__ Borino is located at an altitude of 1140 meters (3,625 feet) in the Western Rhodope Mountains of Bulgaria, the mountains of Queen Rhodope and Haemus.", "Borino __knowledge__ The village is situated in a valley, protected from wind and the elements by high mountain ridges creating a beautiful panorama.", "Borino __knowledge__ The valley surrounding the village resembles an enormous carpet, woven from hundreds of green, white, and brown plots created by potato fields and mountain meadows.", "Borino __knowledge__ The valley is criss-crossed by the brown strands of woodland roads leading visitors to wild and untouched nature.", "Tourism in Montenegro __knowledge__ Tourism in Montenegro The country is considered one of the fastest-growing tourist destinations.", "Tourism in Montenegro __knowledge__ In 2007, over a million tourists visited Montenegro, making some 7.3 million overnight stays (23% increase, compared to 2006).", "Tourism in Montenegro __knowledge__ This accounted for some 480 million euros in tourism revenue in 2007 (39% increase, compared to previous year).", "Tourism in Montenegro __knowledge__ In 2015, tourism realised over 1.7 million arrivals, with a further increase in 2016 and 2017.", "Tourism in Montenegro __knowledge__ In the same year, the coastal town of Kotor was named the best city to visit by Lonely Planet, whereas the country itself is continuously included in touristic top lists.", "Poems by Edgar Allan Poe __knowledge__ This article lists all known poems by American author and critic Edgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849), listed alphabetically with the date of their authorship in parentheses.", "Poems by Edgar Allan Poe __knowledge__ An unpublished 9-line poem written circa 1829 for Poe's cousin Elizabeth Rebecca Herring (the acrostic is her first name, spelled out by the first letter of each line).", "Poems by Edgar Allan Poe __knowledge__ It was never published in Poe's lifetime.", "Poems by Edgar Allan Poe __knowledge__ James H. Whitty discovered the poem and included it in his 1911 anthology of Poe's works under the title \"From an Album.\"", "Poems by Edgar Allan Poe __knowledge__ It was also published in Thomas Ollive Mabbott's definitive \"Collected Works of Edgar Allan Poe\" in 1969 as \"An Acrostic.\"", "List of social nudity places in Europe __knowledge__ This list of social nudity places in Europe is a list of places where social nudity is practised for recreation in Europe.", "List of social nudity places in Europe __knowledge__ It includes free beaches (or clothing-optional beaches or nude beaches) and some resorts.", "List of social nudity places in Europe __knowledge__ In Vienna the following beaches can be found Topfree sunbathing is tolerated on all beaches.", "List of social nudity places in Europe __knowledge__ Unlike the former East Germany, but like many other countries that were part of the Communist bloc Bulgaria's nudists were kept cordoned off behind tall fences.", "List of social nudity places in Europe __knowledge__ There are however a number beaches on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast where nudism is practised; there are no official nude beaches.", "List of social nudity places in Europe __knowledge__ Croatia has a well developed naturist culture with camp sites and hotels specifically catering for naturists.", "Jenn Grant __knowledge__ Jenn Grant (born August 20, 1980) is a Canadian folk pop singer-songwriter based in Halifax, Nova Scotia.", "Jenn Grant __knowledge__ Born in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island to Ken (a vascular surgeon) and Heather Elizabeth Grant, she moved to Halifax at the age of ten with her mother and brother when her parents' marriage broke up.", "Jenn Grant __knowledge__ She attended Saint Mary's University for a time and later graduated from the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design University, with a Bachelor of Fine Arts in painting.", "Jenn Grant __knowledge__ Jenn's mother, who was an inspiration to her career, was named the Queen of Azaleas in 1973 in Norfolk, Virginia.", "Jenn Grant __knowledge__ Jenn's video for the song \"The Fighter\" uses 16 mm film footage of this parade and time, as this song and album are a dedication to her mother's life.", "Budva Riviera __knowledge__ The Budva Riviera (Montenegrin: Будванска Ривијера, \"Budvanska Rivijera\") is a long strip of the Adriatic coast surrounding the town of Budva in western Montenegro.", "Budva Riviera __knowledge__ It is part of the Montenegrin Littoral geographical region.", "Budva Riviera __knowledge__ It is located roughly along the middle of the Montenegrin coast, and is a center for Montenegrin beach tourism.", "Budva Riviera __knowledge__ There are of beaches which lie along the Budva Riviera.", "Budva Riviera __knowledge__ The best known and most popular settlements along the Budva Riviera are: The best known feature of the Budva Riviera is its beaches.", "Budva Riviera __knowledge__ They are listed here, from north to south.", "Budva Riviera __knowledge__ Trsteno (Трстено) beach is long, deeply pulled in the dry land." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Beach __knowledge__ A beach is a landform alongside a body of water which consists of loose particles.", "Beach __knowledge__ The particles composing a beach are typically made from rock, such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, or cobblestones.", "Beach __knowledge__ The particles can also be biological in origin, such as mollusc shells or coralline algae.", "Beach __knowledge__ Some beaches have man-made infrastructure, such as lifeguard posts, changing rooms, and showers.", "Beach __knowledge__ They may also have hospitality venues (such as resorts, camps, hotels, and restaurants) nearby.", "Beach __knowledge__ Wild beaches, also known as undeveloped or undiscovered beaches, are not developed in this manner.", "Beach __knowledge__ Wild beaches can be valued for their untouched beauty and preserved nature.", "Beach __knowledge__ Beaches typically occur in areas along the coast where wave or current action deposits and reworks sediments.", "Beach __knowledge__ Although the seashore is most commonly associated with the word \"beach\", beaches are also found by lakes and alongside large rivers.", "Beach __knowledge__ \"Beach\" may refer to: The former are described in detail below; the larger geological units are discussed elsewhere under bars.", "Beach __knowledge__ There are several conspicuous parts to a beach that relate to the processes that form and shape it.", "Beach __knowledge__ The part mostly above water (depending upon tide), and more or less actively influenced by the waves at some point in the tide, is termed the beach berm.", "Lucky Spencer __knowledge__ Lucky Spencer is a fictional character from the ABC Daytime soap opera, \"General Hospital\".", "Lucky Spencer __knowledge__ He is the son of legendary supercouple, Luke and Laura Spencer, played by Anthony Geary and Genie Francis.", "Lucky Spencer __knowledge__ His birth having been announced on-screen in 1985, a ten-year-old Lucky was cast in 1993, played by newcomer at the time, Jonathan Jackson.", "Lucky Spencer __knowledge__ Jackson left the series in 1999, and the character was played by Jacob Young and later Greg Vaughan, who was let go in 2009 to allow Jackson to reprise the role.", "Lucky Spencer __knowledge__ Lucky's characterization changed throughout the different portrayers; originally a street-smart con artist, Lucky develops an edge during Young's tenure and more drastically changes during Vaughan's portrayal, as Lucky becomes a struggling police officer.", "Countdown (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ \"Countdown\" is a song recorded by American singer Beyoncé for her fourth studio album, \"4\" (2011).", "Countdown (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ The song was written by Knowles, Terius Nash, Shea Taylor, Ester Dean, Cainon Lamb, Julie Frost, Michael Bivins, Nathan Morris and Wanya Morris, and produced by Beyoncé, Taylor and Lamb.", "Countdown (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ The song's conception was brought about by Knowles desiring to mix musical styles of the 1990s with the 1970s.", "Countdown (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ It was sent to radio on October 4, 2011 as the fourth single from \"4\".", "Countdown (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ Featuring a sample of \"Uhh Ahh\" by Boyz II Men, \"Countdown\" incorporates aspects of hip hop, funk, reggae and world music.", "Countdown (Beyoncé song) __knowledge__ According to the lyrics, the female protagonist delivers a message of monogamy for her lover, celebrating self-worthiness as well as appreciating him.", "New Zealand's Next Top Model (cycle 2) __knowledge__ New Zealand's Next Top Model, Cycle 2 is the second season of \"New Zealand's Next Top Model\", a reality TV show based on \"America's Next Top Model\".", "New Zealand's Next Top Model (cycle 2) __knowledge__ Auditions started on 5 June 2010 in Auckland and ended on 13 June 2010 in Tauranga.", "New Zealand's Next Top Model (cycle 2) __knowledge__ Fourteen young women compete for the title and a chance to start their career in the modeling industry.", "New Zealand's Next Top Model (cycle 2) __knowledge__ The prize for this cycle are a contract with 62 Model Management, 1-year contract with CoverGirl cosmetics, an 8-page editorial in CLEO Magazine, an all expenses paid trip to \"Sydney\" to meet with Ursula Hufnagl of Chic Model Management, a trip to \"Los Angeles\" to meet with Alexis Borges of NEXT Model Management, and a brand new Ford Fiesta.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ Bow Wow Wow are an English 1980s new wave band, created by Malcolm McLaren.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ The group's music has been described as new wave, pop and worldbeat, characterized by an \"African-derived drum sound\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ In 1980, McLaren persuaded guitarist Matthew Ashman, drummer David Barbarossa (also known as Dave Barbe) and bassist Leigh Gorman, all then members of Adam and the Ants, to leave the founder of the band, Adam Ant, and form a new group.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ After a six-month audition process for a lead singer, the band enlisted Annabella Lwin.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ David Fishel, an acquaintance of McLaren's, discovered 13-year-old Lwin while she was working a Saturday job at her local dry cleaners.", "Germany's Next Topmodel (cycle 1) __knowledge__ Germany's Next Topmodel Cycle 1 is the first season of \"Germany's Next Topmodel\" (often abbreviated to GNTM) that aired on German television network ProSieben.", "Germany's Next Topmodel (cycle 1) __knowledge__ The show started airing on 25 January 2006 with twelve girls in the competition.", "Germany's Next Topmodel (cycle 1) __knowledge__ 18-year-old Lena Gercke came off as this season's winner.", "Germany's Next Topmodel (cycle 1) __knowledge__ She became a successful model after the show and the host of Austria's Next Topmodel.", "Germany's Next Topmodel (cycle 1) __knowledge__ IMG Models manages the winner and also managed first runner-up and second runner-up for one year.", "Germany's Next Topmodel (cycle 1) __knowledge__ The first season copied many photo shoot ideas from \"America's Next Top Model\", especially from the first season.", "Germany's Next Topmodel (cycle 1) __knowledge__ It has also gone with almost three episodes with a double-elimination for the models.", "The Amazing Spider-Man (2012 film) __knowledge__ The Amazing Spider-Man is a 2012 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Spider-Man, and sharing the title of the character's longest-running comic book.", "The Amazing Spider-Man (2012 film) __knowledge__ It is the fourth theatrical \"Spider-Man\" film produced by Columbia Pictures and Marvel Entertainment, and a reboot of Sam Raimi's \"Spider-Man\" 2002-2007 trilogy preceding it.", "The Amazing Spider-Man (2012 film) __knowledge__ The film was directed by Marc Webb.", "The Amazing Spider-Man (2012 film) __knowledge__ It was written by James Vanderbilt, Alvin Sargent and Steve Kloves and it stars Andrew Garfield as Peter Parker / Spider-Man, Emma Stone as Gwen Stacy, Rhys Ifans as Dr. Curtis Connors, Denis Leary as NYPD Captain George Stacy, along with Martin Sheen and Sally Field as the uncle and aunt of Peter Parker, Ben Parker and May Parker.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness.", "Round Lake Beach, Illinois __knowledge__ Round Lake Beach is a northern suburb of Chicago in Lake County, Illinois, United States.", "Round Lake Beach, Illinois __knowledge__ The population was 28,175 at the 2010 census.", "Round Lake Beach, Illinois __knowledge__ Round Lake Beach is a mid-sized town located at (42.3790210, -88.0810720).", "Round Lake Beach, Illinois __knowledge__ According to the 2010 census, Round Lake Beach has a total area of , of which (or 97.05%) is land and (or 2.95%) is water.", "Round Lake Beach, Illinois __knowledge__ As of the census of 2000, there were 25,859 people, 7,349 households, and 6,026 families residing in the village.", "Round Lake Beach, Illinois __knowledge__ The population density was 5,176.4 people per square mile (1,996.8/km²).", "Round Lake Beach, Illinois __knowledge__ There were 7,608 housing units at an average density of 1,522.9 per square mile (587.5/km²).", "Round Lake Beach station __knowledge__ Round Lake Beach is a station on Metra's North Central Service in Round Lake Beach, Illinois.", "Round Lake Beach station __knowledge__ The station is away from Union Station, the southern terminus of the line.", "Round Lake Beach station __knowledge__ In Metra's zone-based fare system, Round Lake Beach is in zone J.", "Round Lake Beach station __knowledge__ Round Lake Beach station is a brick-and-stucco enclosed structure with a gabled roof, a cupola, and two glass-enclosed canopies on both sides.", "Round Lake Beach station __knowledge__ A 19th-century-style street light can be found next to the station in the parking lot.", "Tourism in Montenegro __knowledge__ Tourism in Montenegro The country is considered one of the fastest-growing tourist destinations.", "Tourism in Montenegro __knowledge__ In 2007, over a million tourists visited Montenegro, making some 7.3 million overnight stays (23% increase, compared to 2006).", "Tourism in Montenegro __knowledge__ This accounted for some 480 million euros in tourism revenue in 2007 (39% increase, compared to previous year).", "Tourism in Montenegro __knowledge__ In 2015, tourism realised over 1.7 million arrivals, with a further increase in 2016 and 2017.", "Tourism in Montenegro __knowledge__ In the same year, the coastal town of Kotor was named the best city to visit by Lonely Planet, whereas the country itself is continuously included in touristic top lists.", "Montenegro __knowledge__ Montenegro ( ; Montenegrin: \"Црна Гора\"/Crna Gora, , meaning \"Black Mountain\") is a sovereign state in Southeastern Europe.", "Montenegro __knowledge__ It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the southwest and is bordered by Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast, Kosovo to the east, and Albania to the southeast.", "Montenegro __knowledge__ Its capital and largest city is Podgorica, while Cetinje is designated as the Old Royal Capital.", "Montenegro __knowledge__ In the 9th century, three Medieval Serbian principalities were located on the territory of Montenegro: Duklja, roughly corresponding to the southern half; Travunia, the west; and Rascia, the north.", "List of North American Numbering Plan area codes __knowledge__ The North American Numbering Plan (NANP) divides the territories of its member countries into Numbering Plan Areas (NPAs), each identified by a three-digit code commonly called area code.", "List of North American Numbering Plan area codes __knowledge__ The rules for numbering NPAs do not permit the digits \"0\" and \"1\" as the leading digit of an area code, which also applies for central office codes.", "List of North American Numbering Plan area codes __knowledge__ \"0\" has been used traditionally for operator-assisted telephone calls, and the digit \"1\" was traditionally ignored in switching equipment as a leading digit, because it could not be distinguished reliably from intermittent loop disconnections when subscribers operated telephones.", "Penticton __knowledge__ Penticton is a city in the Okanagan Valley of the Southern Interior of British Columbia, Canada, situated between Okanagan and Skaha Lakes.", "Penticton __knowledge__ In 2006, its population was 31,909, while its census agglomeration population was 43,313.", "Penticton __knowledge__ The name Penticton is derived from a word in the Okanagan language.", "Penticton __knowledge__ It is conventionally translated as \"a place to stay forever\" but is actually a reference to the year-round flow of Okanagan Lake through Penticton where it enters Skaha Lake.", "Penticton __knowledge__ Differing accounts of the meaning are given in the British Columbia Geographical Names Information System entry for the city: \"Place where water passes beyond.\"" ] ]

[ 8, 7, 9, 2 ]

[ "I do not live near beach, but I go once a year. Beaches typically occur in areas along the coast , but I do not live near the cost.", "I love to go to Greece. Greece has beautiful wild beaches, with untouched nature.", "I travel a lot, and the most beautiful beach I have ever seen was actually lake beach in Montenegro in Europe", "My favorite type of beach is rock beach, because water is always so clear, you can see bottom everywhere. " ]

[ "Beach", "Beach", "Beach", "Beach" ]

[ "Rapping\nI recently discovered rap music and I'm so intrigued by it! Do you listen to rap music?", "It seems very similar to hip-hop to me. Are the two styles related?", "Oh! I learned something today! Has rap music been around for a long time? ", "I can see the difference now! Which rap artist can you recommend for me?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rapping __knowledge__ Rapping (or rhyming, spitting, emceeing, MCing) is a musical form of vocal delivery that incorporates \"rhyme, rhythmic speech, and street vernacular\", which is performed or chanted in a variety of ways, usually over a backbeat or musical accompaniment.", "Rapping __knowledge__ The components of rap include \"content\" (what is being said), \"flow\" (rhythm, rhyme), and \"delivery\" (cadence, tone).", "Rapping __knowledge__ Rap differs from spoken-word poetry in that rap is usually performed in time to an instrumental track.", "Rapping __knowledge__ Rap is often associated with, and is a primary ingredient of hip-hop music, but the origins of the phenomenon predate hip-hop culture.", "Rapping __knowledge__ The earliest precursor to the modern rap is the West African griot tradition, in which \"oral historians\", or \"praise-singers\", would disseminate oral traditions and genealogies, or use their formidable rhetorical techniques for gossip or to \"praise or critique individuals.\"", "Rapping __knowledge__ Griot traditions connect to rap along a lineage of Black verbal reverence that goes back to ancient Egyptian practices, through James Brown interacting with the crowd and the band between songs, to Muhammad Ali's quick-witted verbal taunts and the palpitating poems of the Last Poets.", "Rapping __knowledge__ Therefore, rap lyrics and music are part of the \"Black rhetorical continuum\", and aim to reuse elements of past traditions while expanding upon them through \"creative use of language and rhetorical styles and strategies.", "Misogyny in rap music __knowledge__ Misogyny in rap music refers to lyrics, videos or other aspects of rap music that support, glorify, justify, or normalize the objectification, exploitation, or victimization of women.", "Misogyny in rap music __knowledge__ It can range from innuendoes to stereotypical characterizations and defamations.", "Misogyny in rap music __knowledge__ Scholars have proposed various explanations for the presence of misogyny in rap music.", "Misogyny in rap music __knowledge__ Some have argued that rap artists use misogynistic lyrics and portrayals of women as a way to assert their masculinity or to demonstrate their authenticity as rappers.", "Misogyny in rap music __knowledge__ Others have suggested that rap music is a product of its environment, reflecting mainstream attitudes toward women, and that rap artists have internalized negative stereotypes about women.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Hip hop or hip-hop is a subculture and art movement developed in The Bronx in New York City during the late 1970s.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ The origins of the word are often disputed.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Some believe that the word was invented by Keith Cowboy of The Furious Five.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Others believe it was a derogatory name for the people who practise the art and wear the relative clothing.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ It is also argued as to whether hip hop started in the South or West Bronx.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ While the term \"hip hop\" is often used to refer exclusively to hip hop music (also called \"rap\"), hip hop is characterized by nine elements, however only four elements are considered most necessary to understand hip-hop musically.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ European hip hop is hip hop music created by European musicians.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ Hip hop is a style of music developed by African American and Caribbean communities in the United States during the mid-1970s, and became a large part of modern pop culture during the 1980s.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ Due to this success, it has gained worldwide popularity, especially in Europe where many diverse and unique styles of hip hop have been created.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ This diversity is especially apparent in the forms of hip hop music and culture emanating from settler communities from Europe's former colonies and peripheries.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ In Denmark, Hip Hop rap music has been growing steadily more popular over the last fifteen years and began with Danish language acts such as MC Einar and Rockers by Choice, later on: less knowned Rip Rap & Rock, Flopstarz, Humleridderne and Faktaposen, The Danish way of doing rap music was topped in the 80's towards acceptance among the common people who did not listen to any rap music was with a rap song called: \"Rap Nu\" by the famed and beloved old Danish football commentator: Gunnar \"Nu\" Hansen.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Hip hop music, also called hip-hop or rap music, is a music genre developed in the United States by inner-city African Americans in the 1970s which consists of a stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements: MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records (or synthesized beats and sounds), and rhythmic beatboxing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ While often used to refer solely to rapping, \"hip hop\" more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture.", "Gangsta rap __knowledge__ Gangsta rap or gangster rap consists with themes and lyrics that generally emphasize the \"gangsta\" lifestyle.", "Gangsta rap __knowledge__ The genre evolved from hardcore rap into a distinct form, pioneered in the mid-1980s by rappers such as Schoolly D and Ice-T, and was popularized in the later part of the 1980s by groups like N.W.A.", "Gangsta rap __knowledge__ After the national attention that Ice-T and N.W.A attracted in the late 1980s and early 1990s, gangsta rap became the most commercially lucrative subgenre of hip hop.", "Gangsta rap __knowledge__ Many (if not most) gangsta rap artists openly boast of their associations with various active street gangs as part of their artistic image, with the Bloods and Crips being the most commonly represented.", "Misogyny and mass media __knowledge__ Examples of misogyny exist in many published forms, within multiple cultures and well-observed works.", "Misogyny and mass media __knowledge__ Technological advances in the modern era have contributed proficient means to media and marketing to the resultant mass media in the 21st century.", "Misogyny and mass media __knowledge__ The merging of misogyny and mass media has made numerous examples where studies have concluded correlations between misogynous messages, both obvious and subliminal.", "Misogyny and mass media __knowledge__ Corresponding physical appearance of violence and hateful conduct may be seen relative to exposure.", "Misogyny and mass media __knowledge__ Messages containing misogynous views are found commonly in the media.", "Misogyny and mass media __knowledge__ Cooper (1985) found after analyzing popular music over 30 years, that there was a tendency to describe women in terms of physical attributes or as evil, as possessions of men, or as dependent upon men.", "Run-DMC __knowledge__ Run-DMC was an American hip hop group from Hollis, Queens, New York, founded in 1981 by Joseph Simmons, Darryl McDaniels, and Jason Mizell.", "Run-DMC __knowledge__ Run-DMC is widely acknowledged as one of the most influential acts in the history of hip hop culture and one of the most famous hip-hop acts of the 1980s.", "Run-DMC __knowledge__ Along with LL Cool J, The Beastie Boys, and Public Enemy, the group pioneered new school hip-hop music.", "Run-DMC __knowledge__ Run-DMC was the first group in the genre to have a gold album (\"Run–D.M.C.", "Run-DMC __knowledge__ \", 1984) and be nominated for a Grammy Award.", "Run-DMC __knowledge__ They were the first to earn a platinum record (\"King of Rock\", 1985), the first to earn a multiplatinum certification (\"Raising Hell\", 1986), the first to have their videos broadcast on MTV, and the first to appear on \"American Bandstand\" and the cover of \"Rolling Stone\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rapping __knowledge__ Rapping (or rhyming, spitting, emceeing, MCing) is a musical form of vocal delivery that incorporates \"rhyme, rhythmic speech, and street vernacular\", which is performed or chanted in a variety of ways, usually over a backbeat or musical accompaniment.", "Rapping __knowledge__ The components of rap include \"content\" (what is being said), \"flow\" (rhythm, rhyme), and \"delivery\" (cadence, tone).", "Rapping __knowledge__ Rap differs from spoken-word poetry in that rap is usually performed in time to an instrumental track.", "Rapping __knowledge__ Rap is often associated with, and is a primary ingredient of hip-hop music, but the origins of the phenomenon predate hip-hop culture.", "Rapping __knowledge__ The earliest precursor to the modern rap is the West African griot tradition, in which \"oral historians\", or \"praise-singers\", would disseminate oral traditions and genealogies, or use their formidable rhetorical techniques for gossip or to \"praise or critique individuals.\"", "Rapping __knowledge__ Griot traditions connect to rap along a lineage of Black verbal reverence that goes back to ancient Egyptian practices, through James Brown interacting with the crowd and the band between songs, to Muhammad Ali's quick-witted verbal taunts and the palpitating poems of the Last Poets.", "Rapping __knowledge__ Therefore, rap lyrics and music are part of the \"Black rhetorical continuum\", and aim to reuse elements of past traditions while expanding upon them through \"creative use of language and rhetorical styles and strategies.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Hip hop or hip-hop is a subculture and art movement developed in The Bronx in New York City during the late 1970s.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ The origins of the word are often disputed.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Some believe that the word was invented by Keith Cowboy of The Furious Five.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Others believe it was a derogatory name for the people who practise the art and wear the relative clothing.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ It is also argued as to whether hip hop started in the South or West Bronx.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ While the term \"hip hop\" is often used to refer exclusively to hip hop music (also called \"rap\"), hip hop is characterized by nine elements, however only four elements are considered most necessary to understand hip-hop musically.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Hip hop music, also called hip-hop or rap music, is a music genre developed in the United States by inner-city African Americans in the 1970s which consists of a stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements: MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records (or synthesized beats and sounds), and rhythmic beatboxing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ While often used to refer solely to rapping, \"hip hop\" more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture.", "Hip-hop dance __knowledge__ Hip-hop dance refers to street dance styles primarily performed to hip-hop music or that have evolved as part of hip-hop culture.", "Hip-hop dance __knowledge__ It includes a wide range of styles primarily breaking which was created in the 1970s and made popular by dance crews in the United States.", "Hip-hop dance __knowledge__ The television show \"Soul Train\" and the 1980s films \"Breakin'\", \"Beat Street\", and \"Wild Style\" showcased these crews and dance styles in their early stages; therefore, giving hip-hop mainstream exposure.", "Hip-hop dance __knowledge__ The dance industry responded with a commercial, studio-based version of hip-hop—sometimes called \"new style\"—and a hip-hop influenced style of jazz dance called \"jazz-funk\".", "Cuban hip hop __knowledge__ Hip hop music arrived in Cuba via radio and TV broadcasts from Miami.", "Cuban hip hop __knowledge__ During the 1980s hip hop culture in Cuba was mainly centred on breakdancing.", "Cuban hip hop __knowledge__ But by the 1990s, with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the onset of the Special Period, young \"raperos\" were seeking ways to express their frustrations.", "Cuban hip hop __knowledge__ Initially hip hop was viewed with suspicion, not just by the government, but by many in the community as well.", "Cuban hip hop __knowledge__ With raperos emulating US rappers' aggressive posturing and lyrical content, hip hop was seen as just another cultural invasion from the US, bringing with it the violence and problems of the ghettos.", "African hip hop __knowledge__ Hip hop music has been popular in Africa since the early 1980s due to widespread American influence.", "African hip hop __knowledge__ In 1985 hip hop reached Senegal, a French-speaking country in West Africa.", "African hip hop __knowledge__ Some of the first Senegalese rappers were M.C.", "African hip hop __knowledge__ Lida, M.C.", "African hip hop __knowledge__ Solaar, and Positive Black Soul, who mixed rap with \"Mbalax\", a type of West African pop music.", "African hip hop __knowledge__ An early South African group was Black Noise.", "African hip hop __knowledge__ They began as a graffiti and breakdance crew in Cape Town until they started emceeing in 1989.", "African hip hop __knowledge__ There also have been groups in Tanzania and other countries that emceed before 1989,that knows as Kwanza Unit although it is not very well known.", "Kwaito __knowledge__ Kwaito is a music genre that emerged in Johannesburg, South Africa, during the 1990s.", "Kwaito __knowledge__ It is a variant of house music featuring the use of African sounds and samples.", "Kwaito __knowledge__ Typically at a slower tempo range than other styles of house music, Kwaito often contains catchy melodic and percussive loop samples, deep bass lines, and vocals.", "Kwaito __knowledge__ Despite its similarities to hip hop music, Kwaito has a distinctive manner in which the lyrics are sung, rapped and shouted.", "Kwaito __knowledge__ American producer Diplo has described Kwaito as \"slowed-down garage music,\" most popular among the black youth of South Africa.", "Kwaito __knowledge__ The word \"kwaito\" is an Isicamtho term from the Gauteng townships and encompasses styles that range from guz, d'gong, and isgubhu to swaito.", "Dutch hip hop __knowledge__ Dutch hip hop or Nederhop is hip hop music created by musicians in the Netherlands and Flanders.", "Dutch hip hop __knowledge__ Between 1980 and 1985 a few Dutch Hip Hop records had already been released, but in 1986 Dutch rap duo MC Miker G & DJ Sven (Lucien Witteveen and Sven van Veen) had a major top 10 hit (often #1) across Europe with their \"Holiday Rap\", which sampled Madonna's \"Holiday\".", "Dutch hip hop __knowledge__ That same year Dutch rapper Extince released his first record: Rap Around The Clock.", "Dutch hip hop __knowledge__ Another 1980s group was the Osdorp Posse, who first started to record tracks in Dutch.", "Dutch hip hop __knowledge__ But there is disagreement about who started rapping in Dutch between Blonnie B, Alex and the CityCrew, Dynamic Rockers, Def Rhymes and Osdorp Posse.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ The music of Cuba, including its instruments, performance and dance, comprises a large set of unique traditions influenced mostly by west African and European (especially Spanish) music.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ Due to the syncretic nature of most of its genres, Cuban music is often considered one of the richest and most influential regional musics of the world.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ For instance, the son cubano merges an adapted Spanish guitar (tres), melody, harmony, and lyrical traditions with Afro-Cuban percussion and rhythms.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ Almost nothing remains of the original native traditions, since the native population was exterminated in the 16th century.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and developed from roots in blues and ragtime.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Jazz is seen by many as 'America's classical music'.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Since the 1920s Jazz Age, jazz has become recognized as a major form of musical expression.", "Jazz __knowledge__ It then emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular musical styles, all linked by the common bonds of African-American and European-American musical parentage with a performance orientation.", "Jazz __knowledge__ Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes, call and response vocals, polyrhythms and improvisation.", "Singing __knowledge__ Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice and augments regular speech by the use of sustained tonality, rhythm, and a variety of vocal techniques.", "Singing __knowledge__ A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist.", "Singing __knowledge__ Singers perform music (arias, recitatives, songs, etc.)", "Singing __knowledge__ that can be sung with or without accompaniment by musical instruments.", "Singing __knowledge__ Singing is often done in an ensemble of musicians, such as a choir of singers or a band of instrumentalists.", "Singing __knowledge__ Singers may perform as soloists or accompanied by anything from a single instrument (as in art song or some jazz styles) up to a symphony orchestra or big band.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ Illmatic is the debut studio album by American rapper Nas.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ It was released on April 19, 1994, by Columbia Records.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ After signing with the label with the help of MC Serch, Nas recorded the album in 1992 and 1993 at Chung King Studios, D&D Recording, Battery Studios, and Unique Recording Studios in New York City.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ Its production was handled by DJ Premier, Large Professor, Pete Rock, Q-Tip, L.E.S.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ and Nas himself.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ Styled as a hardcore hip hop album, \"Illmatic\" features multi-syllabic internal rhymes and inner-city narratives based on Nas's experiences in Queensbridge, New York.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ The album debuted at number 12 on the US \"Billboard\" 200 chart, selling 60,000 copies in its first week.", "Musical form __knowledge__ The term musical form (or musical architecture) refers to the overall structure or plan of a piece of music; it describes the layout of a composition as divided into sections.", "Musical form __knowledge__ In the tenth edition of \"The Oxford Companion to Music\", Percy Scholes defines musical form as \"a series of strategies designed to find a successful mean between the opposite extremes of unrelieved repetition and unrelieved alteration.\"", "Musical form __knowledge__ According to Richard Middleton, musical form is \"the shape or structure of the work.\"", "Musical form __knowledge__ He describes it through difference: the distance moved from a repeat; the latter being the smallest difference." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rapping __knowledge__ Rapping (or rhyming, spitting, emceeing, MCing) is a musical form of vocal delivery that incorporates \"rhyme, rhythmic speech, and street vernacular\", which is performed or chanted in a variety of ways, usually over a backbeat or musical accompaniment.", "Rapping __knowledge__ The components of rap include \"content\" (what is being said), \"flow\" (rhythm, rhyme), and \"delivery\" (cadence, tone).", "Rapping __knowledge__ Rap differs from spoken-word poetry in that rap is usually performed in time to an instrumental track.", "Rapping __knowledge__ Rap is often associated with, and is a primary ingredient of hip-hop music, but the origins of the phenomenon predate hip-hop culture.", "Rapping __knowledge__ The earliest precursor to the modern rap is the West African griot tradition, in which \"oral historians\", or \"praise-singers\", would disseminate oral traditions and genealogies, or use their formidable rhetorical techniques for gossip or to \"praise or critique individuals.\"", "Rapping __knowledge__ Griot traditions connect to rap along a lineage of Black verbal reverence that goes back to ancient Egyptian practices, through James Brown interacting with the crowd and the band between songs, to Muhammad Ali's quick-witted verbal taunts and the palpitating poems of the Last Poets.", "Rapping __knowledge__ Therefore, rap lyrics and music are part of the \"Black rhetorical continuum\", and aim to reuse elements of past traditions while expanding upon them through \"creative use of language and rhetorical styles and strategies.", "Misogyny in rap music __knowledge__ Misogyny in rap music refers to lyrics, videos or other aspects of rap music that support, glorify, justify, or normalize the objectification, exploitation, or victimization of women.", "Misogyny in rap music __knowledge__ It can range from innuendoes to stereotypical characterizations and defamations.", "Misogyny in rap music __knowledge__ Scholars have proposed various explanations for the presence of misogyny in rap music.", "Misogyny in rap music __knowledge__ Some have argued that rap artists use misogynistic lyrics and portrayals of women as a way to assert their masculinity or to demonstrate their authenticity as rappers.", "Misogyny in rap music __knowledge__ Others have suggested that rap music is a product of its environment, reflecting mainstream attitudes toward women, and that rap artists have internalized negative stereotypes about women.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Hip hop or hip-hop is a subculture and art movement developed in The Bronx in New York City during the late 1970s.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ The origins of the word are often disputed.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Some believe that the word was invented by Keith Cowboy of The Furious Five.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Others believe it was a derogatory name for the people who practise the art and wear the relative clothing.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ It is also argued as to whether hip hop started in the South or West Bronx.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ While the term \"hip hop\" is often used to refer exclusively to hip hop music (also called \"rap\"), hip hop is characterized by nine elements, however only four elements are considered most necessary to understand hip-hop musically.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ European hip hop is hip hop music created by European musicians.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ Hip hop is a style of music developed by African American and Caribbean communities in the United States during the mid-1970s, and became a large part of modern pop culture during the 1980s.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ Due to this success, it has gained worldwide popularity, especially in Europe where many diverse and unique styles of hip hop have been created.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ This diversity is especially apparent in the forms of hip hop music and culture emanating from settler communities from Europe's former colonies and peripheries.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ In Denmark, Hip Hop rap music has been growing steadily more popular over the last fifteen years and began with Danish language acts such as MC Einar and Rockers by Choice, later on: less knowned Rip Rap & Rock, Flopstarz, Humleridderne and Faktaposen, The Danish way of doing rap music was topped in the 80's towards acceptance among the common people who did not listen to any rap music was with a rap song called: \"Rap Nu\" by the famed and beloved old Danish football commentator: Gunnar \"Nu\" Hansen.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Hip hop music, also called hip-hop or rap music, is a music genre developed in the United States by inner-city African Americans in the 1970s which consists of a stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements: MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records (or synthesized beats and sounds), and rhythmic beatboxing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ While often used to refer solely to rapping, \"hip hop\" more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture.", "Gangsta rap __knowledge__ Gangsta rap or gangster rap consists with themes and lyrics that generally emphasize the \"gangsta\" lifestyle.", "Gangsta rap __knowledge__ The genre evolved from hardcore rap into a distinct form, pioneered in the mid-1980s by rappers such as Schoolly D and Ice-T, and was popularized in the later part of the 1980s by groups like N.W.A.", "Gangsta rap __knowledge__ After the national attention that Ice-T and N.W.A attracted in the late 1980s and early 1990s, gangsta rap became the most commercially lucrative subgenre of hip hop.", "Gangsta rap __knowledge__ Many (if not most) gangsta rap artists openly boast of their associations with various active street gangs as part of their artistic image, with the Bloods and Crips being the most commonly represented.", "South Park and Philosophy: You Know, I Learned Something Today __knowledge__ South Park and Philosophy: You Know, I Learned Something Today is the first non-fiction book in Blackwell Publishing Company’s Philosophy & Pop Culture series and is edited by philosopher and ontologist, Robert Arp, at the time assistant professor of philosophy at Southwest Minnesota State University.", "South Park and Philosophy: You Know, I Learned Something Today __knowledge__ The series itself is edited by William Irwin, who is a professor of philosophy at King's College, Pennsylvania in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.", "South Park and Philosophy: You Know, I Learned Something Today __knowledge__ The book utilizes the five classic branches of Western philosophy, namely, metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, political philosophy, and logic, in order to analyze episodes of \"South Park\" as well as place the show in a context of current popular culture.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ Illmatic is the debut studio album by American rapper Nas.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ It was released on April 19, 1994, by Columbia Records.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ After signing with the label with the help of MC Serch, Nas recorded the album in 1992 and 1993 at Chung King Studios, D&D Recording, Battery Studios, and Unique Recording Studios in New York City.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ Its production was handled by DJ Premier, Large Professor, Pete Rock, Q-Tip, L.E.S.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ and Nas himself.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ Styled as a hardcore hip hop album, \"Illmatic\" features multi-syllabic internal rhymes and inner-city narratives based on Nas's experiences in Queensbridge, New York.", "Illmatic __knowledge__ The album debuted at number 12 on the US \"Billboard\" 200 chart, selling 60,000 copies in its first week.", "Poetry __knowledge__ Poetry (the term derives from a variant of the Greek term, \"poiesis\", \"making\") is a form of literature that uses aesthetic and rhythmic qualities of language—such as phonaesthetics, sound symbolism, and metre—to evoke meanings in addition to, or in place of, the prosaic ostensible meaning.", "Poetry __knowledge__ Poetry has a long history, dating back to the Sumerian \"Epic of Gilgamesh\".", "Poetry __knowledge__ Early poems evolved from folk songs such as the Chinese \"Shijing\", or from a need to retell oral epics, as with the Sanskrit \"Vedas\", Zoroastrian \"Gathas\", and the Homeric epics, the \"Iliad\" and the \"Odyssey\".", "Poetry __knowledge__ Ancient attempts to define poetry, such as Aristotle's \"Poetics\", focused on the uses of speech in rhetoric, drama, song and comedy.", "Graduation (album) __knowledge__ Graduation is the third studio album by American rapper Kanye West.", "Graduation (album) __knowledge__ It was released on September 11, 2007, through Roc-A-Fella Records.", "Graduation (album) __knowledge__ Recording sessions for the album took place during 2005 to 2007 at Chung King Studios, Sony Music Studios in New York City, at Chalice Studios and The Record Plant in Los Angeles.", "Graduation (album) __knowledge__ It was primarily produced by West himself, with contributions from DJ Toomp, as well as Mike Dean, Nottz, Brian \"All Day\" Miller, Eric Hudson, Warryn Campbell, Gee Roberson, Plain Pat and Jon Brion.", "Graduation (album) __knowledge__ It features guest contributions from artists, including Mos Def, Dwele, T-Pain, Lil Wayne, DJ Premier and Chris Martin of Coldplay.", "Vietnamese poetry __knowledge__ Vietnamese poetry originated in the form of folk poetry and proverbs.", "Vietnamese poetry __knowledge__ Vietnamese poetic structures include \"six-eight, \"double-seven six-eight\", and various styles shared with Classical Chinese poetry forms, such as are found in Tang poetry; examples include verse forms with \"seven syllables each line for eight lines,\" \"seven syllables each line for four lines\" (a type of quatrain), and \"five syllables each line for eight lines.\"", "Vietnamese poetry __knowledge__ More recently there have been \"new poetry\" and \"free poetry\".", "Vietnamese poetry __knowledge__ With the exception of free poetry, a form with no distinct structure, other forms all have a certain structure." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Rapping __knowledge__ Rapping (or rhyming, spitting, emceeing, MCing) is a musical form of vocal delivery that incorporates \"rhyme, rhythmic speech, and street vernacular\", which is performed or chanted in a variety of ways, usually over a backbeat or musical accompaniment.", "Rapping __knowledge__ The components of rap include \"content\" (what is being said), \"flow\" (rhythm, rhyme), and \"delivery\" (cadence, tone).", "Rapping __knowledge__ Rap differs from spoken-word poetry in that rap is usually performed in time to an instrumental track.", "Rapping __knowledge__ Rap is often associated with, and is a primary ingredient of hip-hop music, but the origins of the phenomenon predate hip-hop culture.", "Rapping __knowledge__ The earliest precursor to the modern rap is the West African griot tradition, in which \"oral historians\", or \"praise-singers\", would disseminate oral traditions and genealogies, or use their formidable rhetorical techniques for gossip or to \"praise or critique individuals.\"", "Rapping __knowledge__ Griot traditions connect to rap along a lineage of Black verbal reverence that goes back to ancient Egyptian practices, through James Brown interacting with the crowd and the band between songs, to Muhammad Ali's quick-witted verbal taunts and the palpitating poems of the Last Poets.", "Rapping __knowledge__ Therefore, rap lyrics and music are part of the \"Black rhetorical continuum\", and aim to reuse elements of past traditions while expanding upon them through \"creative use of language and rhetorical styles and strategies.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ European hip hop is hip hop music created by European musicians.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ Hip hop is a style of music developed by African American and Caribbean communities in the United States during the mid-1970s, and became a large part of modern pop culture during the 1980s.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ Due to this success, it has gained worldwide popularity, especially in Europe where many diverse and unique styles of hip hop have been created.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ This diversity is especially apparent in the forms of hip hop music and culture emanating from settler communities from Europe's former colonies and peripheries.", "European hip hop __knowledge__ In Denmark, Hip Hop rap music has been growing steadily more popular over the last fifteen years and began with Danish language acts such as MC Einar and Rockers by Choice, later on: less knowned Rip Rap & Rock, Flopstarz, Humleridderne and Faktaposen, The Danish way of doing rap music was topped in the 80's towards acceptance among the common people who did not listen to any rap music was with a rap song called: \"Rap Nu\" by the famed and beloved old Danish football commentator: Gunnar \"Nu\" Hansen.", "Aston Matthews __knowledge__ Matthew Lopez (born October 30, 1989), better known by his stage name Aston Matthews (styled as A$ton Matthews), is an Guatemalan-American rapper from Los Angeles, California.", "Aston Matthews __knowledge__ Matthews is also part of the hip-hop group Cutthroat Boyz with rappers Vince Staples and Joey Fatts.", "Aston Matthews __knowledge__ Matthew Lopez was born October 30, 1989 in the city of Los Angeles, California.", "Aston Matthews __knowledge__ Born of first generation Guatemalan immigrants, Lopez spent much of his formative years between Los Angeles, Hawaiian Gardens, and Carson, California.", "Aston Matthews __knowledge__ Lopez played varsity football throughout his duration of high school.", "Aston Matthews __knowledge__ It is during this time where he also became a member of the West Side Pirus, a faction of the Bloods based in Carson, California.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Hip hop or hip-hop is a subculture and art movement developed in The Bronx in New York City during the late 1970s.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ The origins of the word are often disputed.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Some believe that the word was invented by Keith Cowboy of The Furious Five.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ Others believe it was a derogatory name for the people who practise the art and wear the relative clothing.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ It is also argued as to whether hip hop started in the South or West Bronx.", "Hip hop __knowledge__ While the term \"hip hop\" is often used to refer exclusively to hip hop music (also called \"rap\"), hip hop is characterized by nine elements, however only four elements are considered most necessary to understand hip-hop musically.", "Gangsta rap __knowledge__ Gangsta rap or gangster rap consists with themes and lyrics that generally emphasize the \"gangsta\" lifestyle.", "Gangsta rap __knowledge__ The genre evolved from hardcore rap into a distinct form, pioneered in the mid-1980s by rappers such as Schoolly D and Ice-T, and was popularized in the later part of the 1980s by groups like N.W.A.", "Gangsta rap __knowledge__ After the national attention that Ice-T and N.W.A attracted in the late 1980s and early 1990s, gangsta rap became the most commercially lucrative subgenre of hip hop.", "Gangsta rap __knowledge__ Many (if not most) gangsta rap artists openly boast of their associations with various active street gangs as part of their artistic image, with the Bloods and Crips being the most commonly represented.", "Eminem __knowledge__ Marshall Bruce Mathers III (born October 17, 1972), known professionally as Eminem (often stylized as EMINƎM), is an American rapper, songwriter, record producer, and actor.", "Eminem __knowledge__ Eminem is the best-selling artist of the 2000s in the United States.", "Eminem __knowledge__ Throughout his career, he has had 10 number-one albums on the \"Billboard\" 200 and five number-one singles on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "Eminem __knowledge__ With 47.4 million albums sold in the US and 155 million records globally, he is among the world's best-selling artists.", "Eminem __knowledge__ Additionally, he is the only artist to have eight albums consecutively debut at No.", "Eminem __knowledge__ 1 on the Billboard 200.", "MC Hammer __knowledge__ Stanley Kirk Burrell (born March 30, 1962), better known by his stage name MC Hammer, is an American hip hop recording artist, dancer, record producer and entrepreneur.", "MC Hammer __knowledge__ He had his greatest commercial success and popularity from the late 1980s, until the early 1990s.", "MC Hammer __knowledge__ Remembered for his rapid rise to fame, Hammer is known for hit records (such as \"U Can't Touch This\" and \"2 Legit 2 Quit\"), flashy dance movements, choreography and eponymous Hammer pants.", "MC Hammer __knowledge__ A multi-award winner, M.C.", "MC Hammer __knowledge__ Hammer is considered a \"forefather/pioneer\" and innovator of pop rap (incorporating elements of ), and is the first hip hop artist to achieve diamond status for an album.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Hip hop music, also called hip-hop or rap music, is a music genre developed in the United States by inner-city African Americans in the 1970s which consists of a stylized rhythmic music that commonly accompanies rapping, a rhythmic and rhyming speech that is chanted.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ It developed as part of hip hop culture, a subculture defined by four key stylistic elements: MCing/rapping, DJing/scratching with turntables, break dancing, and graffiti writing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ Other elements include sampling beats or bass lines from records (or synthesized beats and sounds), and rhythmic beatboxing.", "Hip hop music __knowledge__ While often used to refer solely to rapping, \"hip hop\" more properly denotes the practice of the entire subculture.", "Spoken word __knowledge__ Spoken word is a performance art that is word based.", "Spoken word __knowledge__ It is an oral art that focuses on the aesthetics of word play and intonation and voice inflection.", "Spoken word __knowledge__ It is a 'catchall' which includes any kind of poetry recited aloud, including hip hop, jazz poetry, poetry slams, traditional poetry readings and can include comedy routines and 'prose monologues'.", "Spoken word __knowledge__ Spoken word has existed for many years.", "Spoken word __knowledge__ Long before writing, through a cycle of practicing, listening and memorizing, each language drew on its resources of sound structure for aural patterns that made spoken poetry very different from ordinary discourse and easier to commit to memory.", "Pinoy hip hop __knowledge__ Filipino hip-hop or Pinoy hip hop (also known as Pinoy rap) is hip hop music performed by musicians of Filipino descent, both in the Philippines and overseas, especially by Filipino-Americans.", "Pinoy hip hop __knowledge__ This article focuses first on Filipino hip-hop in the Philippines, and secondly on that in the US.", "Pinoy hip hop __knowledge__ The Philippines is known to have had the first hip-hop music scene in Asia since the early 1980s, largely due to the country's historical connections with the United States where hip-hop originated.", "Pinoy hip hop __knowledge__ Rap music released in the Philippines has appeared in different languages or dialects such as Tagalog, Chavacano, Cebuano, Ilocano and English.", "Kendrick Lamar __knowledge__ Kendrick Lamar Duckworth (born June 17, 1987) is an American rapper and songwriter.", "Kendrick Lamar __knowledge__ Raised in Compton, California, Lamar embarked on his musical career as a teenager under the stage name K-Dot, releasing a mixtape that garnered local attention and led to his signing with indie record label Top Dawg Entertainment (TDE).", "Kendrick Lamar __knowledge__ He began to gain recognition in 2010, after his first retail release, \"Overly Dedicated\".", "Kendrick Lamar __knowledge__ The following year, he independently released his first studio album, \"Section.80\", which included his debut single, \"HiiiPoWeR\".", "Kendrick Lamar __knowledge__ By that time, he had amassed a large online following and collaborated with several prominent artists in the hip hop industry, including The Game, Busta Rhymes, and Snoop Dogg." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3, 5 ]

[ "Of course, I like it because it is is a musical form of vocal delivery that incorporates \"rhyme, rhythmic speech, and street vernacular", "The little stuff that made a rap include content\" (what is being said), \"flow\" (rhythm, rhyme), and \"delivery\" (cadence, tone)", "If you have noticed, rap and spoken-word poetry are not same for spoken. Rap is usually performed in time to an instrumental track.", "Tupac is timeless bro. The earliest precursor to the modern rap is the West African griot tradition" ]

[ "Rapping", "Rapping", "Rapping", "Rapping" ]

[ "Yoga as exercise\nYoga is a form of exercise i believe originates in india", "can you explain that better?", "wha other form of yoga there is?", "sure! was it a religious practise?", "wahts the hindu philosophy all about as it relates o yoga?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ Yoga as exercise is a modern exercise practice influenced by hatha yoga.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ It involves holding stretches as a kind of low-impact physical exercise, and is often used for therapeutic purposes.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ Yoga in this sense often occurs in a class and may involve meditation, imagery, breath work and music.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ Yoga has roots in India.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ The foundational text for yoga is the \"Yoga Sutras of Patanjali\".", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ Yoga came to the attention of the western public in the mid 19th century along with other topics of Hindu philosophy.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ The first Hindu teacher to actively advocate and disseminate aspects of yoga to a western audience was Swami Vivekananda, who toured Europe and the United States in the 1890s.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ Nearly all types of hatha yoga practices include asana, pranayama and savasana.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ The physical asanas of hatha yoga have a tradition that goes back to at least the 15th century, but they were not widely practiced in India prior to the early 20th century.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ A hatha \"yoga boom\" occurred in the 1980s, as unconnected to a religious denomination.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ Since then, hatha yoga has been used as a supplementary exercise practice.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ The more classical approaches of hatha yoga, such as iyengar yoga, move at a more deliberate pace, emphasize proper alignment and execution and hold asanas for a longer time.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga (; Sanskrit, योगः Listen) is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines which originated in ancient India.", "Yoga __knowledge__ There is a broad variety of yoga schools, practices, and goals in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Among the most well-known types of yoga are Hatha yoga and Rāja yoga.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The origins of yoga have been speculated to date back to pre-Vedic Indian traditions; it is mentioned in the Rigveda, but most likely developed around the sixth and fifth centuries BCE, in ancient India's ascetic and śramaṇa movements.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The chronology of earliest texts describing yoga-practices is unclear, varyingly credited to Hindu Upanishads.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ Hatha yoga is a branch of yoga that emphasizes physical exercises to master the body along with mind as well as exercises to withdraw it from external objects.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The word \"haṭha\" means \"force\" in Sanskrit, and may have this association because the early Indians believed that its practice was challenging and \"forced its results to happen\" on the yogi.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The term \"Hatha yoga\" connotes a system of supplementary physical techniques within the broader concept of Yoga.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The Hatha yoga origins have been credited by some scholars to the Nath yogi tradition of Shaivism, particularly to Gorakhnath.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ However, according to James Mallinson, Hatha yoga has more ancient roots and the oldest known twenty texts on Hatha yoga suggest this attribution to the Naths is incorrect.", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ Baba Hari Dass (Devanagari: बाबा हरि दास); born 26 March 1923 in Almora near Nainital, Uttar Pradesh, now Uttarakhand, India, is a yoga master, a silent monk, and a commentator of Indian scriptural tradition of Dharma and Moksha.", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ He was classically trained in Ashtanga Yoga – Raja Yoga of Patanjali (the Yoga of Eight Limbs), as well as Kriya Yoga, Ayurveda, Samkhya, Tantra Yoga, Vedanta, and Sanskrit.", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ Born into the 13th generation of a Kumaoni Karnatak Brahmin family, in the lunar month of Chaitra, in Shukla Paksha (Rama Navami), he is also an author, playwright, martial arts teacher, sculptor and builder of temples.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Vihangam Yoga is an ancient meditation technique practiced by Indian seers and sages.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ In the current time, it is established by Sadguru Sadafaldeo Ji Maharaj.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Vihangam Yoga is also known as \"Brahmavidya\", \"Madhu-vidya\", \"Para Vidhya\" in the Indian ancient most scriptures and Vedas.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ \"\"Vihangam\"\" literally means \"bird\".", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Just as a bird leaves its base on the earth to fly high in the sky, so does \"Vihangam Yoga\" enable the human Soul (Atma) to cut off its moorings in the Prakriti (phenomenal world) and realize its true and free nature.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ This knowledge is emerged from Brahma so it is also named as Brahma Vidya and who ever has gained this knowledge by practising it called Brahma Rishi.", "Hot yoga __knowledge__ Hot yoga refers to yoga exercises performed under hot and humid conditions.", "Hot yoga __knowledge__ From the 1970s through approximately 2010, Bikram Yoga - the only major yoga tradition at that time to add heat and humidity - was known as \"hot yoga\".", "Hot yoga __knowledge__ However, from approximately 2012 onward, many unrelated yoga-inspired exercise and fitness trends also began labelling themselves \"hot yoga\".", "Hot yoga __knowledge__ Although traditionally associated with the style devised by Bikram Choudhury, \"hot yoga\" is now used to describe any number of yoga or yoga-inspired fitness styles that use heat.", "Hot yoga __knowledge__ The heat in Bikram Yoga is used to increase the \"tourniquet effect\", to train the mind, and to improve circulation to the joints.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali are 196 Indian sutras (aphorisms).", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Sutras\" were compiled prior to 400 CE by Sage Patanjali, taking materials about yoga from older traditions.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali\" was the most translated ancient Indian text in the medieval era, having been translated into about forty Indian languages and two non-Indian languages: Old Javanese and Arabic.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The text fell into obscurity for nearly 700 years from the 12th to 19th century, and made a comeback in late 19th century due to the efforts of Swami Vivekananda, the Theosophical Society and others.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ It gained prominence again as a comeback classic in the 20th century.", "Yoga Yajnavalkya __knowledge__ The Yoga Yajnavalkya (, \"Yoga-Yājñavalkya\") is a classical Hindu yoga text in the Sanskrit language.", "Yoga Yajnavalkya __knowledge__ The text is written in the form of a male-female dialogue between the sage Yajnavalkya and Gargi.", "Yoga Yajnavalkya __knowledge__ The text consists of 12 chapters and contains 504 verses.", "Yoga Yajnavalkya __knowledge__ Like Patanjali's \"Yogasutras\", the \"Yoga Yajnavalkya\" describes the eight components of yoga; however, it has different goals.", "Yoga Yajnavalkya __knowledge__ The text contains additional material that is not found in \"Yogasutras\", such as the concept of \"kundalini\".", "Yoga Yajnavalkya __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Yajnavalkya\" contains one of the most comprehensive discussion of yoga components such as the \"Pranayama\", \"Pratyahara\" \"Dhyana\", and \"Dharana\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ Yoga as exercise is a modern exercise practice influenced by hatha yoga.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ It involves holding stretches as a kind of low-impact physical exercise, and is often used for therapeutic purposes.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ Yoga in this sense often occurs in a class and may involve meditation, imagery, breath work and music.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ Yoga has roots in India.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ The foundational text for yoga is the \"Yoga Sutras of Patanjali\".", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ Yoga came to the attention of the western public in the mid 19th century along with other topics of Hindu philosophy.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ The first Hindu teacher to actively advocate and disseminate aspects of yoga to a western audience was Swami Vivekananda, who toured Europe and the United States in the 1890s.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ Nearly all types of hatha yoga practices include asana, pranayama and savasana.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ The physical asanas of hatha yoga have a tradition that goes back to at least the 15th century, but they were not widely practiced in India prior to the early 20th century.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ A hatha \"yoga boom\" occurred in the 1980s, as unconnected to a religious denomination.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ Since then, hatha yoga has been used as a supplementary exercise practice.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ The more classical approaches of hatha yoga, such as iyengar yoga, move at a more deliberate pace, emphasize proper alignment and execution and hold asanas for a longer time.", "Augustin-Jean Fresnel __knowledge__ Augustin-Jean Fresnel (, ; ; 10 May 1788 – 14 July 1827) was a French civil engineer and physicist whose research in optics led to the almost unanimous acceptance of the wave theory of light, excluding any remnant of Newton's corpuscular theory, from the late 1830s until the end of the 19th century.", "Augustin-Jean Fresnel __knowledge__ But he is perhaps better known for inventing the \"catadioptric\" (reflective/refractive) Fresnel lens and for pioneering the use of \"stepped\" lenses to extend the visibility of lighthouses, saving unknown numbers of lives at sea.", "Augustin-Jean Fresnel __knowledge__ The simpler \"dioptric\" (purely refractive) stepped lens, first proposed by Count Buffon and independently reinvented by Fresnel, is used in screen magnifiers and in condenser lenses for overhead projectors.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ A Treatise of Human Nature (1738–40) is a book by Scottish philosopher David Hume, considered by many to be Hume's most important work and one of the most influential works in the history of philosophy.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ The \"Treatise\" is a classic statement of philosophical empiricism, skepticism, and naturalism.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ In the introduction Hume presents the idea of placing all science and philosophy on a novel foundation: namely, an empirical investigation into human nature.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ Impressed by Isaac Newton's achievements in the physical sciences, Hume sought to introduce the same experimental method of reasoning into the study of human psychology, with the aim of discovering the \"extent and force of human understanding\".", "Philosophy of mind __knowledge__ Philosophy of mind is a branch of philosophy that studies the nature of the mind.", "Philosophy of mind __knowledge__ The mind–body problem is a paradigm issue in philosophy of mind, although other issues are addressed, such as the hard problem of consciousness, and the nature of particular mental states.", "Philosophy of mind __knowledge__ Aspects of the mind that are studied include mental events, mental functions, mental properties, consciousness, the ontology of the mind, the nature of thought, and the relationship of the mind to the body.", "Philosophy of mind __knowledge__ Dualism and monism are the two central schools of thought on the mind–body problem, although nuanced views have arisen that do not fit one or the other category neatly.", "Law of value __knowledge__ The law of value (German: \"Wertgesetz\") is a central concept in Karl Marx's critique of political economy, first expounded in his polemic \"The Poverty of Philosophy\" (1847) against Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, with reference to David Ricardo's economics.", "Law of value __knowledge__ Most generally, it refers to a regulative principle of the economic exchange of the products of human work: the relative exchange-values of those products in trade, usually expressed by money-prices, are proportional to the average amounts of human labor-time which are currently socially necessary to produce them.", "Law of value __knowledge__ Thus, the fluctuating exchange value of commodities (exchangeable products) is regulated by their value, where the magnitude of their value is determined by the average quantity of human labour which is currently socially necessary to produce them (see labor theory of value and value-form).", "Evolutionary psychology __knowledge__ Evolutionary psychology is a theoretical approach in the social and natural sciences that examines psychological structure from a modern evolutionary perspective.", "Evolutionary psychology __knowledge__ It seeks to identify which human psychological traits are evolved adaptations – that is, the functional products of natural selection or sexual selection in human evolution.", "Evolutionary psychology __knowledge__ Adaptationist thinking about physiological mechanisms, such as the heart, lungs, and immune system, is common in evolutionary biology.", "Evolutionary psychology __knowledge__ Some evolutionary psychologists apply the same thinking to psychology, arguing that the modularity of mind is similar to that of the body and with different modular adaptations serving different functions.", "Fuzzy-trace theory __knowledge__ Fuzzy-trace theory (FTT) is a theory of cognition originally proposed by Charles Brainerd and Valerie F. Reyna that draws upon dual-trace conceptions to predict and explain cognitive phenomena, particularly in the memory and reasoning domains.", "Fuzzy-trace theory __knowledge__ The theory has been used in areas such as cognitive psychology, human development, and social psychology to explain, for instance, false memory and its development, probability judgments, medical decision making, risk perception and estimation, and biases and fallacies in decision making.", "Fuzzy-trace theory __knowledge__ FTT was initially proposed in the 1990s as an attempt to unify findings from the memory and reasoning domains that could not be predicted or explained by earlier approaches to cognition and its development (e.g., constructivism and information processing).", "Social support __knowledge__ Social support is the perception and actuality that one is cared for, has assistance available from other people, and that one is part of a supportive social network.", "Social support __knowledge__ These supportive resources can be emotional (e.g., nurturance), tangible (e.g., financial assistance), informational (e.g., advice), or companionship (e.g., sense of belonging) and intangible (e.g., personal advice).", "Social support __knowledge__ Social support can be measured as the perception that one has assistance available, the actual received assistance, or the degree to which a person is integrated in a social network.", "Social support __knowledge__ Support can come from many sources, such as family, friends, pets, neighbors, coworkers, organizations, etc.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga (; Sanskrit, योगः Listen) is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines which originated in ancient India.", "Yoga __knowledge__ There is a broad variety of yoga schools, practices, and goals in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Among the most well-known types of yoga are Hatha yoga and Rāja yoga.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The origins of yoga have been speculated to date back to pre-Vedic Indian traditions; it is mentioned in the Rigveda, but most likely developed around the sixth and fifth centuries BCE, in ancient India's ascetic and śramaṇa movements.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The chronology of earliest texts describing yoga-practices is unclear, varyingly credited to Hindu Upanishads.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ Hatha yoga is a branch of yoga that emphasizes physical exercises to master the body along with mind as well as exercises to withdraw it from external objects.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The word \"haṭha\" means \"force\" in Sanskrit, and may have this association because the early Indians believed that its practice was challenging and \"forced its results to happen\" on the yogi.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The term \"Hatha yoga\" connotes a system of supplementary physical techniques within the broader concept of Yoga.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The Hatha yoga origins have been credited by some scholars to the Nath yogi tradition of Shaivism, particularly to Gorakhnath.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ However, according to James Mallinson, Hatha yoga has more ancient roots and the oldest known twenty texts on Hatha yoga suggest this attribution to the Naths is incorrect.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali are 196 Indian sutras (aphorisms).", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Sutras\" were compiled prior to 400 CE by Sage Patanjali, taking materials about yoga from older traditions.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali\" was the most translated ancient Indian text in the medieval era, having been translated into about forty Indian languages and two non-Indian languages: Old Javanese and Arabic.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The text fell into obscurity for nearly 700 years from the 12th to 19th century, and made a comeback in late 19th century due to the efforts of Swami Vivekananda, the Theosophical Society and others.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ It gained prominence again as a comeback classic in the 20th century.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Vihangam Yoga is an ancient meditation technique practiced by Indian seers and sages.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ In the current time, it is established by Sadguru Sadafaldeo Ji Maharaj.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Vihangam Yoga is also known as \"Brahmavidya\", \"Madhu-vidya\", \"Para Vidhya\" in the Indian ancient most scriptures and Vedas.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ \"\"Vihangam\"\" literally means \"bird\".", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Just as a bird leaves its base on the earth to fly high in the sky, so does \"Vihangam Yoga\" enable the human Soul (Atma) to cut off its moorings in the Prakriti (phenomenal world) and realize its true and free nature.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ This knowledge is emerged from Brahma so it is also named as Brahma Vidya and who ever has gained this knowledge by practising it called Brahma Rishi.", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ Baba Hari Dass (Devanagari: बाबा हरि दास); born 26 March 1923 in Almora near Nainital, Uttar Pradesh, now Uttarakhand, India, is a yoga master, a silent monk, and a commentator of Indian scriptural tradition of Dharma and Moksha.", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ He was classically trained in Ashtanga Yoga – Raja Yoga of Patanjali (the Yoga of Eight Limbs), as well as Kriya Yoga, Ayurveda, Samkhya, Tantra Yoga, Vedanta, and Sanskrit.", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ Born into the 13th generation of a Kumaoni Karnatak Brahmin family, in the lunar month of Chaitra, in Shukla Paksha (Rama Navami), he is also an author, playwright, martial arts teacher, sculptor and builder of temples.", "Zen yoga __knowledge__ Zen yoga refers to a variety of physical and energetic practices that can be found within the Zen Buddhist tradition, and increasingly taught in the West.", "Zen yoga __knowledge__ Some Zen temples include a taiso (exercise) period, often early in the morning, including yoga-like postures, quick repetitive exercises, and/or more flowing exercises reminiscent of Tai Chi.", "Zen yoga __knowledge__ These exercises are designed to open and unblock the body in preparation for sitting meditation, develop a deeper awareness of the body, and as an opportunity to practice \"becoming one” with what’s happening in the moment (expressed in Japanese through the terms \"narikiru\" – become one – or \"ima-koko\" – now-here)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ Yoga as exercise is a modern exercise practice influenced by hatha yoga.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ It involves holding stretches as a kind of low-impact physical exercise, and is often used for therapeutic purposes.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ Yoga in this sense often occurs in a class and may involve meditation, imagery, breath work and music.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ Yoga has roots in India.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ The foundational text for yoga is the \"Yoga Sutras of Patanjali\".", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ Yoga came to the attention of the western public in the mid 19th century along with other topics of Hindu philosophy.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ The first Hindu teacher to actively advocate and disseminate aspects of yoga to a western audience was Swami Vivekananda, who toured Europe and the United States in the 1890s.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ Nearly all types of hatha yoga practices include asana, pranayama and savasana.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ The physical asanas of hatha yoga have a tradition that goes back to at least the 15th century, but they were not widely practiced in India prior to the early 20th century.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ A hatha \"yoga boom\" occurred in the 1980s, as unconnected to a religious denomination.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ Since then, hatha yoga has been used as a supplementary exercise practice.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ The more classical approaches of hatha yoga, such as iyengar yoga, move at a more deliberate pace, emphasize proper alignment and execution and hold asanas for a longer time.", "World Hockey Association __knowledge__ The World Hockey Association () was a professional ice hockey major league that operated in North America from 1972 to 1979.", "World Hockey Association __knowledge__ It was the first major league to compete with the National Hockey League (NHL) since the collapse of the Western Hockey League (1952–74).", "World Hockey Association __knowledge__ Although the WHA was not the first league since that time to attempt to challenge the NHL's supremacy, it was by far the most successful in the modern era.", "World Hockey Association __knowledge__ The WHA tried to capitalize on the lack of hockey teams in a number of major American cities and mid-level Canadian cities, and also hoped to attract the best players by paying more than NHL owners would.", "NHL–WHA merger __knowledge__ The 1979 merger of the NHL and WHA was the culmination of several years of negotiations between the National Hockey League (NHL) and the World Hockey Association (WHA) that resulted in the WHA and all of its surviving franchises folding in return for the owners of four of the WHA's six surviving teams (the Edmonton Oilers, New England Whalers, Quebec Nordiques, and Winnipeg Jets) being granted expansion franchises that commenced play in the NHL for the 1979–80 season.", "NHL–WHA merger __knowledge__ The agreement officially took effect on June 22, 1979.", "NHL–WHA merger __knowledge__ The merger ended the seven-year existence of the WHA and re-established the NHL as the lone major league in North American professional ice hockey.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga (; Sanskrit, योगः Listen) is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines which originated in ancient India.", "Yoga __knowledge__ There is a broad variety of yoga schools, practices, and goals in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Among the most well-known types of yoga are Hatha yoga and Rāja yoga.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The origins of yoga have been speculated to date back to pre-Vedic Indian traditions; it is mentioned in the Rigveda, but most likely developed around the sixth and fifth centuries BCE, in ancient India's ascetic and śramaṇa movements.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The chronology of earliest texts describing yoga-practices is unclear, varyingly credited to Hindu Upanishads.", "We'wha __knowledge__ We'wha (1849–1896, various spellings) was a Zuni Native American from New Mexico.", "We'wha __knowledge__ She was the most famous lhamana, a traditional Zuni gender role, now described as mixed-gender or Two-Spirit.", "We'wha __knowledge__ Lhamana were male-bodied but performed primarily feminine tasks, wearing a mixture of women's and men's clothing and doing a great deal of women's work as well as serving as mediators.", "We'wha __knowledge__ We'wha is the subject of the book \"The Zuni Man-Woman\" by Will Roscoe.", "We'wha __knowledge__ The anthropologist Matilda Coxe Stevenson also wrote a great deal about We'wha, and even hosted her on their visit to Washington D.C. in 1886.", "We'wha __knowledge__ During that visit, We'wha met President Grover Cleveland and was generally mistaken for a cisgender woman.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Vihangam Yoga is an ancient meditation technique practiced by Indian seers and sages.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ In the current time, it is established by Sadguru Sadafaldeo Ji Maharaj.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Vihangam Yoga is also known as \"Brahmavidya\", \"Madhu-vidya\", \"Para Vidhya\" in the Indian ancient most scriptures and Vedas.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ \"\"Vihangam\"\" literally means \"bird\".", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Just as a bird leaves its base on the earth to fly high in the sky, so does \"Vihangam Yoga\" enable the human Soul (Atma) to cut off its moorings in the Prakriti (phenomenal world) and realize its true and free nature.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ This knowledge is emerged from Brahma so it is also named as Brahma Vidya and who ever has gained this knowledge by practising it called Brahma Rishi.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ Hatha yoga is a branch of yoga that emphasizes physical exercises to master the body along with mind as well as exercises to withdraw it from external objects.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The word \"haṭha\" means \"force\" in Sanskrit, and may have this association because the early Indians believed that its practice was challenging and \"forced its results to happen\" on the yogi.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The term \"Hatha yoga\" connotes a system of supplementary physical techniques within the broader concept of Yoga.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The Hatha yoga origins have been credited by some scholars to the Nath yogi tradition of Shaivism, particularly to Gorakhnath.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ However, according to James Mallinson, Hatha yoga has more ancient roots and the oldest known twenty texts on Hatha yoga suggest this attribution to the Naths is incorrect.", "Wha'ppen? __knowledge__ Wha'ppen?", "Wha'ppen? __knowledge__ is the second album by the British ska band The Beat (credited on the US release as The English Beat), released in 1981 via Go Feet Records in the United Kingdom and Sire Records in the United States.", "Wha'ppen? __knowledge__ After the critical and commercial success of \"I Just Can't Stop It\" (1980), which mixed ska, reggae and punk rock with social lyrics, the band changed direction on \"Wha'ppen?", "Wha'ppen? __knowledge__ \", taking influence from many other musical styles which were intriguing the band, including African, steel band and dub music, while keeping reggae at its core.", "Wha'ppen? __knowledge__ The fast pace of the band's previous work is also exchanged for a slower, mid-tempo pace.", "Physical exercise __knowledge__ Physical exercise is any bodily activity that enhances or maintains physical fitness and overall health and wellness.", "Physical exercise __knowledge__ It is performed for various reasons, including increasing growth and development, preventing aging, strengthening muscles and the cardiovascular system, honing athletic skills, weight loss or maintenance, and also enjoyment.", "Physical exercise __knowledge__ Frequent and regular physical exercise boosts the immune system and helps prevent certain \"diseases of affluence\" such as coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and obesity.", "Physical exercise __knowledge__ It may also help prevent stress and depression, increase quality of sleep and act as a non-pharmaceutical sleep aid to treat diseases such as insomnia, help promote or maintain positive self-esteem, improve mental health, maintain steady digestion and treat constipation and gas, regulate fertility health, and augment an individual's sex appeal or body image.", "Neurobiological effects of physical exercise __knowledge__ The are numerous and involve a wide range of interrelated effects on brain structure, brain function, and cognition.", "Neurobiological effects of physical exercise __knowledge__ A large body of research in humans has demonstrated that consistent aerobic exercise (e.g., 30 minutes every day) induces persistent improvements in certain cognitive functions, healthy alterations in gene expression in the brain, and beneficial forms of neuroplasticity and behavioral plasticity; some of these long-term effects include: increased neuron growth, increased neurological activity (e.g., and BDNF signaling), improved stress coping, enhanced cognitive control of behavior, improved declarative, spatial, and working memory, and structural and functional improvements in brain structures and pathways associated with cognitive control and memory.", "Epigenetics of physical exercise __knowledge__ Epigenetics of physical exercise is the study of epigenetic modifications resulting from physical exercise to the genome of cells.", "Epigenetics of physical exercise __knowledge__ Epigenetic modifications are heritable alterations that are not due to changes in the sequence of nucleotides.", "Epigenetics of physical exercise __knowledge__ Epigenetic modifications, such as histone modifications and DNA methylation, alter the accessibility to DNA and change chromatin structure, thereby regulating patterns of gene expression.", "Epigenetics of physical exercise __knowledge__ Methylated histones can act as binding sites for certain transcription factors due to their bromodomains and chromodomains.", "Epigenetics of physical exercise __knowledge__ Methylated histones can also prevent the binding of transcription factors by hiding the transcription factor's recognition site, which is usually found on the major groove of DNA.", "Bathing __knowledge__ Bathing is the washing of the body with a liquid, usually water or an aqueous solution, or the immersion of the body in water.", "Bathing __knowledge__ It may be practiced for personal hygiene, religious ritual or therapeutic purposes.", "Bathing __knowledge__ By analogy, especially as a recreational activity, the term is also applied to sun bathing and sea bathing.", "Bathing __knowledge__ Bathing can take place in any situation where there is water, ranging from warm to cold.", "Bathing __knowledge__ It can take place in a bathtub or shower, or it can be in a river, lake, water hole, pool or the sea, or any other water receptacle.", "Bathing __knowledge__ The term for the act can vary.", "Bathing __knowledge__ For example, a ritual religious bath is sometimes referred to as immersion, the use of water for therapeutic purposes can be called a water treatment or hydrotherapy, and two recreational water activities are known as swimming and paddling.", "Cycling __knowledge__ Cycling, also called bicycling or biking, is the use of bicycles for transport, recreation, exercise or sport.", "Cycling __knowledge__ People engaged in cycling are referred to as \"cyclists\", \"bikers\", or less commonly, as \"bicyclists\".", "Cycling __knowledge__ Apart from two-wheeled bicycles, \"cycling\" also includes the riding of unicycles, tricycles, quadracycles, recumbent and similar human-powered vehicles (HPVs).", "Cycling __knowledge__ Bicycles were introduced in the 19th century and now number approximately one billion worldwide.", "Cycling __knowledge__ They are the principal means of transportation in many parts of the world.", "Cycling __knowledge__ Cycling is widely regarded as a very effective and efficient mode of transportation optimal for short to moderate distances.", "Myokine __knowledge__ A myokine is one of several hundred cytokines or other small proteins (~5–20 kDa) and proteoglycan peptides that are produced and released by muscle cells (myocytes) in response to muscular contractions.", "Myokine __knowledge__ They have autocrine, paracrine and/or endocrine effects; their systemic effects occur at picomolar concentrations.", "Myokine __knowledge__ Receptors for myokines are found on muscle, fat, liver, pancreas, bone, heart, immune, and brain cells.", "Myokine __knowledge__ The location of these receptors reflect the fact that myokines have multiple functions.", "Myokine __knowledge__ Foremost, they are involved in exercise-associated metabolic changes, as well as in the metabolic changes following training adaptation.", "Qigong __knowledge__ Qigong, qi gong, chi kung, or chi gung () is a holistic system of coordinated body posture and movement, breathing, and meditation used for health, spirituality, and martial arts training.", "Qigong __knowledge__ With roots in Chinese medicine, philosophy, and martial arts, qigong is traditionally viewed as a practice to cultivate and balance qi (chi), translated as \"life energy\".", "Qigong __knowledge__ According to Taoist, Buddhist, and Confucian philosophy, qigong allows access to higher realms of awareness, awakens one's \"true nature\", and helps develop human potential.", "Qigong __knowledge__ Qigong practice typically involves moving meditation, coordinating slow flowing movement, deep rhythmic breathing, and calm meditative state of mind." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ Yoga as exercise is a modern exercise practice influenced by hatha yoga.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ It involves holding stretches as a kind of low-impact physical exercise, and is often used for therapeutic purposes.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ Yoga in this sense often occurs in a class and may involve meditation, imagery, breath work and music.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ Yoga has roots in India.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ The foundational text for yoga is the \"Yoga Sutras of Patanjali\".", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ Yoga came to the attention of the western public in the mid 19th century along with other topics of Hindu philosophy.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ The first Hindu teacher to actively advocate and disseminate aspects of yoga to a western audience was Swami Vivekananda, who toured Europe and the United States in the 1890s.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ Nearly all types of hatha yoga practices include asana, pranayama and savasana.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ The physical asanas of hatha yoga have a tradition that goes back to at least the 15th century, but they were not widely practiced in India prior to the early 20th century.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ A hatha \"yoga boom\" occurred in the 1980s, as unconnected to a religious denomination.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ Since then, hatha yoga has been used as a supplementary exercise practice.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ The more classical approaches of hatha yoga, such as iyengar yoga, move at a more deliberate pace, emphasize proper alignment and execution and hold asanas for a longer time.", "Norse rituals __knowledge__ Norse religious worship is the traditional religious rituals practiced by Norse pagans in Scandinavia in pre-Christian times.", "Norse rituals __knowledge__ Norse religion was a folk religion (as opposed to an organised religion), and its main purpose was the survival and regeneration of society.", "Norse rituals __knowledge__ Therefore, the faith was decentralized and tied to the village and the family, although evidence exists of great national religious festivals.", "Norse rituals __knowledge__ The leaders managed the faith on behalf of society; on a local level, the leader would have been the head of the family, and nationwide, the leader was the king.", "Norse rituals __knowledge__ Pre-Christian Scandinavians had no word for religion in a modern sense.", "Taran Svami __knowledge__ Taran Svami was a Jain religious teacher and founder of the Taran Panth, a sect of Digambara Jainism.", "Taran Svami __knowledge__ He lived in the 15th century central India.", "Taran Svami __knowledge__ The traditional biographies places him within the Digambara mystic tradition.", "Taran Svami __knowledge__ They also consider him as a ritual reformer for rejecting the authority of Bhattarakas and his emphasis on aniconism and inner realization.", "Taran Svami __knowledge__ He is credited for writing fourteen texts.", "Taran Svami __knowledge__ There is no scholarly biography of Taran Svami available.", "Taran Svami __knowledge__ Digambara Terapanthi scholar Pandit Phulcandra Siddhanta Shastri wrote a biography in 1933 based on his studies but is not accepted as scholarly biography.", "Seiðr __knowledge__ In Old Norse, seiðr (sometimes anglicised as \"seidhr\", \"seidh\", \"seidr\", \"seithr\", \"seith\", or \"seid\") was a type of sorcery practised in Norse society during the Late Scandinavian Iron Age.", "Seiðr __knowledge__ Connected with Norse religion, its origins are largely unknown, although it gradually eroded following the Christianization of Scandinavia.", "Seiðr __knowledge__ Accounts of \"seiðr\" later made it into sagas and other literary sources, while further evidence has been unearthed by archaeologists.", "Seiðr __knowledge__ Various scholars have debated the nature of \"seiðr\", some arguing that it was shamanic in context, involving visionary journeys by its practitioners.", "Religious studies __knowledge__ Religious studies, alternately known as the study of religion, is an academic field devoted to research into religious beliefs, behaviors, and institutions.", "Religious studies __knowledge__ It describes, compares, interprets, and explains religion, emphasizing systematic, historically based, and cross-cultural perspectives.", "Religious studies __knowledge__ While theology attempts to understand the nature of transcendent or supernatural forces (such as deities), religious studies tries to study religious behavior and belief from outside any particular religious viewpoint.", "Religious studies __knowledge__ Religious studies draws upon multiple disciplines and their methodologies including anthropology, sociology, psychology, philosophy, and history of religion.", "Faith in Buddhism __knowledge__ In Buddhism, faith (, ) refers to a serene commitment in the practice of the Buddha's teaching and trust in enlightened or highly developed beings, such as Buddhas or \"bodhisattvas\" (those aiming to become a Buddha).", "Faith in Buddhism __knowledge__ Buddhists usually recognize multiple objects of faith, but many are especially devoted to one particular object of faith, such as one particular Buddha.", "Faith in Buddhism __knowledge__ Faith is not only related to devotion to a person, but is also connected with impersonal ideas such as the efficacy of karma and the possibility of enlightenment.", "Faith in Buddhism __knowledge__ Faith in early Buddhism focused on the Triple Gem, that is, the Buddha; his teaching (the Dhamma); and the community of spiritually developed followers, or the monastic community seeking enlightenment (the Sangha).", "Chovot HaLevavot __knowledge__ Chovot HaLevavot, or Ḥobot HaLebabot (; English: Duties of the Heart), is the primary work of the Jewish rabbi and philosopher, Bahya ibn Paquda, full name \"Bahya ben Joseph ibn Pakuda\".", "Chovot HaLevavot __knowledge__ Ibn Paquda is believed to have lived in Zaragoza, Spain in the first half of the eleventh century.", "Chovot HaLevavot __knowledge__ It was written in Judeo-Arabic in the Hebrew alphabet circa 1040 under the title \"Book of Direction to the Duties of the Heart\" (), sometimes titled \"Guide to the Duties of the Heart\", and translated into Hebrew by Judah ben Saul ibn Tibbon during 1161–80 under the title \"Chovot HaLevavot\".", "Chovot HaLevavot __knowledge__ There was another contemporary translation by Joseph Kimhi but its complete text did not endure the test of time.", "Social exclusion __knowledge__ Social exclusion, or social marginalization, is the social disadvantage and relegation to the fringe of society.", "Social exclusion __knowledge__ It is a term used widely in Europe and was first used in France.", "Social exclusion __knowledge__ It is used across disciplines including education, sociology, psychology, politics and economics.", "Social exclusion __knowledge__ Social exclusion is the process in which individuals or people are systematically blocked from (or denied full access to) various rights, opportunities and resources that are normally available to members of a different group, and which are fundamental to social integration and observance of human rights within that particular group (e.g., housing, employment, healthcare, civic engagement, democratic participation, and due process).", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga (; Sanskrit, योगः Listen) is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines which originated in ancient India.", "Yoga __knowledge__ There is a broad variety of yoga schools, practices, and goals in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Among the most well-known types of yoga are Hatha yoga and Rāja yoga.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The origins of yoga have been speculated to date back to pre-Vedic Indian traditions; it is mentioned in the Rigveda, but most likely developed around the sixth and fifth centuries BCE, in ancient India's ascetic and śramaṇa movements.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The chronology of earliest texts describing yoga-practices is unclear, varyingly credited to Hindu Upanishads.", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ Baba Hari Dass (Devanagari: बाबा हरि दास); born 26 March 1923 in Almora near Nainital, Uttar Pradesh, now Uttarakhand, India, is a yoga master, a silent monk, and a commentator of Indian scriptural tradition of Dharma and Moksha.", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ He was classically trained in Ashtanga Yoga – Raja Yoga of Patanjali (the Yoga of Eight Limbs), as well as Kriya Yoga, Ayurveda, Samkhya, Tantra Yoga, Vedanta, and Sanskrit.", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ Born into the 13th generation of a Kumaoni Karnatak Brahmin family, in the lunar month of Chaitra, in Shukla Paksha (Rama Navami), he is also an author, playwright, martial arts teacher, sculptor and builder of temples.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ Hatha yoga is a branch of yoga that emphasizes physical exercises to master the body along with mind as well as exercises to withdraw it from external objects.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The word \"haṭha\" means \"force\" in Sanskrit, and may have this association because the early Indians believed that its practice was challenging and \"forced its results to happen\" on the yogi.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The term \"Hatha yoga\" connotes a system of supplementary physical techniques within the broader concept of Yoga.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The Hatha yoga origins have been credited by some scholars to the Nath yogi tradition of Shaivism, particularly to Gorakhnath.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ However, according to James Mallinson, Hatha yoga has more ancient roots and the oldest known twenty texts on Hatha yoga suggest this attribution to the Naths is incorrect.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali are 196 Indian sutras (aphorisms).", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Sutras\" were compiled prior to 400 CE by Sage Patanjali, taking materials about yoga from older traditions.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali\" was the most translated ancient Indian text in the medieval era, having been translated into about forty Indian languages and two non-Indian languages: Old Javanese and Arabic.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The text fell into obscurity for nearly 700 years from the 12th to 19th century, and made a comeback in late 19th century due to the efforts of Swami Vivekananda, the Theosophical Society and others.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ It gained prominence again as a comeback classic in the 20th century.", "Satpal Maharaj __knowledge__ Satpal Singh Rawat also known as Satpal Maharaj born 21 September 1951 in Kankhal (a small colony in the holy town of Haridwar, Uttarakhand), is the son of famous spiritual master Yogiraj Paramsant Shri Hans Ji Maharaj and Jagat Janni Rajeshwari Devi.", "Satpal Maharaj __knowledge__ His brother is Prem Rawat.", "Satpal Maharaj __knowledge__ He is a National Executive Member of Bharatiya Janata Party.", "Satpal Maharaj __knowledge__ He was also a member of the lower house of the Parliament of India (15th Lok Sabha) for the Indian National Congress party.", "Satpal Maharaj __knowledge__ He left Congress Party and joined Bharatiya Janata Party on 21 March 2014.", "Satpal Maharaj __knowledge__ Satpal Maharaj studied at St. George's College in Mussorie.", "Satpal Maharaj __knowledge__ As of 2014, Maharaj is the head of the Manav Utthan Sewa Samiti.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Vihangam Yoga is an ancient meditation technique practiced by Indian seers and sages.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ In the current time, it is established by Sadguru Sadafaldeo Ji Maharaj.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Vihangam Yoga is also known as \"Brahmavidya\", \"Madhu-vidya\", \"Para Vidhya\" in the Indian ancient most scriptures and Vedas.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ \"\"Vihangam\"\" literally means \"bird\".", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Just as a bird leaves its base on the earth to fly high in the sky, so does \"Vihangam Yoga\" enable the human Soul (Atma) to cut off its moorings in the Prakriti (phenomenal world) and realize its true and free nature.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ This knowledge is emerged from Brahma so it is also named as Brahma Vidya and who ever has gained this knowledge by practising it called Brahma Rishi.", "Yin yoga __knowledge__ Yin yoga is a slow-paced style of yoga with postures, or \"asanas\", that are held for longer periods of time—for beginners, it may range from 45 seconds to two minutes; more advanced practitioners may stay in one \"asana\" for five minutes or more.", "Yin yoga __knowledge__ Yin yoga poses apply moderate stress to the connective tissues of the body—the tendons, fascia, and ligaments—with the aim of increasing circulation in the joints and improving flexibility.", "Yin yoga __knowledge__ A more meditative approach to yoga, yin aims at cultivating awareness of inner silence, and bringing to light a universal, interconnecting quality.", "Yin yoga __knowledge__ Yin yoga's teaching in the Western world, beginning in the late 1970s, was founded by martial arts expert and Taoist yoga teacher Paulie Zink." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ Yoga as exercise is a modern exercise practice influenced by hatha yoga.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ It involves holding stretches as a kind of low-impact physical exercise, and is often used for therapeutic purposes.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ Yoga in this sense often occurs in a class and may involve meditation, imagery, breath work and music.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ Yoga has roots in India.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ The foundational text for yoga is the \"Yoga Sutras of Patanjali\".", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ Yoga came to the attention of the western public in the mid 19th century along with other topics of Hindu philosophy.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ The first Hindu teacher to actively advocate and disseminate aspects of yoga to a western audience was Swami Vivekananda, who toured Europe and the United States in the 1890s.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ Nearly all types of hatha yoga practices include asana, pranayama and savasana.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ The physical asanas of hatha yoga have a tradition that goes back to at least the 15th century, but they were not widely practiced in India prior to the early 20th century.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ A hatha \"yoga boom\" occurred in the 1980s, as unconnected to a religious denomination.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ Since then, hatha yoga has been used as a supplementary exercise practice.", "Yoga as exercise __knowledge__ The more classical approaches of hatha yoga, such as iyengar yoga, move at a more deliberate pace, emphasize proper alignment and execution and hold asanas for a longer time.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga (; Sanskrit, योगः Listen) is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines which originated in ancient India.", "Yoga __knowledge__ There is a broad variety of yoga schools, practices, and goals in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Among the most well-known types of yoga are Hatha yoga and Rāja yoga.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The origins of yoga have been speculated to date back to pre-Vedic Indian traditions; it is mentioned in the Rigveda, but most likely developed around the sixth and fifth centuries BCE, in ancient India's ascetic and śramaṇa movements.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The chronology of earliest texts describing yoga-practices is unclear, varyingly credited to Hindu Upanishads.", "Hindu philosophy __knowledge__ Hindu philosophy refers to a group of \"darśanas\" (philosophies, world views, teachings) that emerged in ancient India.", "Hindu philosophy __knowledge__ The mainstream ancient Indian philosophy includes six systems (\"ṣaḍdarśana\") – Sankhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Mimamsa and Vedanta.", "Hindu philosophy __knowledge__ These are also called the Astika (orthodox) philosophical traditions and are those that accept the Vedas as authoritative, important source of knowledge.", "Hindu philosophy __knowledge__ Ancient and medieval India was also the source of philosophies that share philosophical concepts but rejected the Vedas, and these have been called \"nāstika\" (heterodox or non-orthodox) Indian philosophies.", "Advaita Vedanta __knowledge__ Advaita Vedanta (IAST, '; , literally, \"not-two\"), originally known as Puruṣavāda\"', is a school of Hindu philosophy and religious practice, and one of the classic Indian paths to spiritual realization.", "Advaita Vedanta __knowledge__ The term \"Advaita\" refers to its idea that the soul (true Self, Atman) is the same as the highest metaphysical Reality (Brahman).", "Advaita Vedanta __knowledge__ The followers of this school are known as \"Advaita Vedantins\", or just \"Advaitins\", and they seek spiritual liberation through acquiring \"vidyā\" (knowledge) of one's true identity as \"Atman\", and the identity of \"Atman\" and \"Brahman\".", "Advaita Vedanta __knowledge__ Advaita Vedanta traces its roots in the oldest Upanishads.", "Hinduism __knowledge__ Hinduism is an Indian Dharma, or a way of life, widely practiced in South Asia.", "Hinduism __knowledge__ Hinduism has been called the oldest religion in the world, and some practitioners and scholars refer to it as \"\", \"the eternal tradition,\" or the \"eternal way,\" beyond human history.", "Hinduism __knowledge__ Scholars regard Hinduism as a fusion or synthesis of various Indian cultures and traditions, with diverse roots and no founder.", "Hinduism __knowledge__ This \"Hindu synthesis\" started to develop between 500 BCE and 300 CE, following the Vedic period (1500 BCE to 500 BCE).", "Hinduism __knowledge__ Although Hinduism contains a broad range of philosophies, it is linked by shared concepts, recognisable rituals, cosmology, shared textual resources, and pilgrimage to sacred sites.", "Yoga (philosophy) __knowledge__ Yoga philosophy is one of the six major orthodox schools of Hinduism.", "Yoga (philosophy) __knowledge__ Ancient, medieval and most modern literature often refers to the Yoga school of Hinduism simply as \"Yoga\".", "Yoga (philosophy) __knowledge__ It is closely related to the Samkhya school of Hinduism.", "Yoga (philosophy) __knowledge__ The Yoga school's systematic studies to better oneself physically, mentally and spiritually has influenced all other schools of Indian philosophy.", "Yoga (philosophy) __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Sutras of Patanjali\" is a key text of the Yoga school of Hinduism.", "Yoga (philosophy) __knowledge__ The epistemology of the Yoga school of Hinduism, like the Sāmkhya school, relies on three of six \"Pramanas\" as the means of gaining reliable knowledge.", "Moksha __knowledge__ Moksha (, \"\"), also called vimoksha, vimukti and mukti, is a term in Hinduism and Hindu philosophy which refers to various forms of emancipation, liberation, and release.", "Moksha __knowledge__ In its soteriological and eschatological senses, it refers to freedom from \"saṃsāra\", the cycle of death and rebirth.", "Moksha __knowledge__ In its epistemological and psychological senses, \"moksha\" refers to freedom from ignorance: self-realization and self-knowledge.", "Moksha __knowledge__ In Hindu traditions, \"moksha\" is a central concept and included as one of the four aspects and goals of human life; the other three goals are \"dharma\" (virtuous, proper, moral life), \"artha\" (material prosperity, income security, means of life), and \"kama\" (pleasure, sensuality, emotional fulfillment).", "Bhagavata Purana __knowledge__ Bhagavata Purana (Devanagari: भागवतपुराण; ) also known as Śrīmad Bhāgavata Mahā Purāṇa, Śrīmad Bhāgavatam or Bhāgavata, is one of Hinduism's eighteen great Puranas (\"Mahapuranas\", great histories).", "Bhagavata Purana __knowledge__ Composed in Sanskrit and available in almost all Indian languages, it promotes \"bhakti\" (devotion) to Krishna integrating themes from the Advaita (monism) philosophy of Adi Shankara.", "Bhagavata Purana __knowledge__ The \"Bhagavata Purana\", like other puranas, discusses a wide range of topics including cosmology, genealogy, geography, mythology, legend, music, dance, yoga and culture.", "Bhagavata Purana __knowledge__ As it begins, the forces of evil have won a war between the benevolent \"devas\" (deities) and evil \"asuras\" (demons) and now rule the universe.", "History of Hinduism __knowledge__ History of Hinduism denotes a wide variety of related Hindu denominations native to the Indian Subcontinent, most of whom live in modern-day India, Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan.", "History of Hinduism __knowledge__ Adherents are also found in the Indonesian island of Bali.", "History of Hinduism __knowledge__ Its history overlaps or coincides with the development of Indian religions since Iron Age India.", "History of Hinduism __knowledge__ It has thus been called the \"oldest living religion\" in the world.", "History of Hinduism __knowledge__ Scholars regard Hinduism as a synthesis of various Indian cultures and traditions, with diverse roots and no single founder or source.", "History of Hinduism __knowledge__ The history of Hinduism is often divided into periods of development, with the first period being that of the historical Vedic religion dated from about 1900 BCE to 1400 BCE." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 4, 6, 10 ]

[ "Yoga is an exercise where it is modern exercise and it's practice is influenced by what is known as Haha yoga.", "It involves a holding stretch that is a low impact Style of physical exercise and can be used as therapeutic purposes.", "It is said Yoga's roots are from India.", "YOga was introduced in the Western public during the mid 19th century along with other topics that are part of Hindu Philosophy..", "A HAha Boom of yoga happened in the 80's and it was not connected to the religious aspect." ]

[ "Yoga as exercise", "Yoga as exercise", "Yoga as exercise", "Yoga as exercise", "Yoga as exercise" ]

[ "Blond\nI like blond ladies and have been wondering how they get their hair blond", "I never realized it was caused by deficiency of pigment, good info", "Can blond hair be achieved artificially?", "How many variations of blond hair types are out there?", "For those than want their condition reversed. Is it curable?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blond __knowledge__ Blond (male), blonde (female), or fair hair, is a hair color characterized by low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.", "Blond __knowledge__ The resultant visible hue depends on various factors, but always has some sort of yellowish color.", "Blond __knowledge__ The color can be from the very pale blond (caused by a patchy, scarce distribution of pigment) to reddish \"strawberry\" blond or golden-brownish (\"sandy\") blond colors (the latter with more eumelanin).", "Blond __knowledge__ On the Fischer–Saller scale, blond color ranges from A (light blond) to O (dark blond).", "Blond __knowledge__ The word \"blond\" is first documented in English in 1481 and derives from Old French \"blund, blont\", meaning \"a colour midway between golden and light chestnut\".", "Blond __knowledge__ It gradually eclipsed the native term \"fair\", of same meaning, from Old English \"fæġer\", causing \"fair\" later to become a general term for \"light complexioned\".", "Blond __knowledge__ This earlier use of \"fair\" survives in the proper name Fairfax, from Old English \"fæġer-feahs\" meaning \"blond hair\".", "Blond __knowledge__ The French (and thus also the derived English) word \"blond\" has two possible origins.", "Blond __knowledge__ Some linguists say it comes from Medieval Latin \"blundus\", meaning \"yellow\", from Old Frankish \"blund\" which would relate it to Old English \"blonden-feax\" meaning \"grey-haired\", from \"blondan/blandan\" meaning \"to mix\" (Cf.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Hair color is the pigmentation of hair follicles due to two types of melanin: eumelanin and pheomelanin.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Generally, if more eumelanin is present, the color of the hair is darker; if less eumelanin is present, the hair is lighter.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ The darker a person's natural hair color is, the more individual hair follicles they have on their scalp.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Levels of melanin can vary over time causing a person's hair color to change, and it is possible to have hair follicles of more than one color on the same person.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Particular hair colors are associated with ethnic groups.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Gray or white hair is associated with age.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ The Fischer–Saller scale, named after Eugen Fischer and , is used in physical anthropology and medicine to determine the shades of hair color.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ Of the thousands of people murdered every year in the United States, some remain unidentified.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ Many victims are not identified for years or even decades after they were killed—as in the case of Tammy Jo Alexander, who was murdered in 1979 and remained unidentified until 2015.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ Including both murder victims and those who died of other causes, about 40,000 bodies remain unidentified in the United States.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ The body of a white female aged thirty-four to thirty-eight was found in Slaughter Creek, near the Sipsey River in Romulus, Tuscaloosa County, Alabama on April 18, 1982.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ The victim had been beaten, strangled and sexually assaulted.", "The Blond Bombers __knowledge__ The Blond Bombers is a name used by several tag teams in professional wrestling.", "The Blond Bombers __knowledge__ The first team to use the name was the combination of Rip Hawk and Swede Hanson.", "The Blond Bombers __knowledge__ It was later used by Pat Patterson and Ray Stevens, who began teaming in 1965.", "The Blond Bombers __knowledge__ Larry Latham and Wayne Farris used the name in the late 1970s in the Continental Wrestling Association and, from 1979 to 1980, Stanley Lane and Bryan St. John competed as the Blonde Bombers while wrestling in Championship Wrestling from Florida.", "The Blond Bombers __knowledge__ In the early 2000s, the team of Tank and Chad Toland appeared as the Blond Bombers in Ohio Valley Wrestling before changing their team name upon entering World Wrestling Entertainment.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters in Laurell K. Hamilton's \"\" series of novels.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ The title character, Anita Blake starts as a human with the power of necromancy.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She joins the organization Animators, Inc. as an animator: a person who raises zombies) and a vampire executioner.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ In later volumes, she acquires some powers that are commonly associated with vampires.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She contracts the lycanthropy viruses which makes her associate with were-creatures.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She also grows powers as a succubus.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ Bert is the founder and managing partner of Animators, Inc. Over 6 feet tall and built like a former athlete, Bert is an unscrupulous boss who is inclined to sign the animators up for almost any job if the price is right.", "Battle of the Hills __knowledge__ The Battle of the Hills () also known as the Battle of the Hills of Champagne and the Third Battle of Champagne, was a battle of the First World War that was fought from April–May 1917.", "Battle of the Hills __knowledge__ The French Fourth Army offensive against the German 4th Army was intended to be auxiliary to that of the (GAN, Northern Army Group) along the Chemin des Dames, in the Second Battle of the Aisne.", "Battle of the Hills __knowledge__ General Anthoine, commander of the Fourth Army planned a supporting attack but this was rejected by Nivelle and Anthoine planned a frontal attack by two corps on an front, to break through the German defences on the first day and commence exploitation the following day.", "List of unidentified murder victims in California __knowledge__ In California, there are many murder victims in the category of unidentified decedents, whose identities remain unknown.", "List of unidentified murder victims in California __knowledge__ In most of these cases, their murderer has never been identified.", "List of unidentified murder victims in California __knowledge__ The body of a black male was located on February 9, 1968 in Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, California.", "List of unidentified murder victims in California __knowledge__ The victim was a young man, who was older than eighteen when he was shot to death.", "List of unidentified murder victims in California __knowledge__ The John Doe was tall, approximately six feet three inches tall and weighed 156 pounds with black hair and brown eyes.", "List of unidentified murder victims in California __knowledge__ His frame was noticeably thin.", "List of unidentified murder victims in California __knowledge__ He was wearing a green sweater over a green turtle neck shirt.", "List of unidentified murder victims in California __knowledge__ Blue pants, a brown leather belt, green socks, white boxers and gray shoes were also worn by the decedent." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blond __knowledge__ Blond (male), blonde (female), or fair hair, is a hair color characterized by low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.", "Blond __knowledge__ The resultant visible hue depends on various factors, but always has some sort of yellowish color.", "Blond __knowledge__ The color can be from the very pale blond (caused by a patchy, scarce distribution of pigment) to reddish \"strawberry\" blond or golden-brownish (\"sandy\") blond colors (the latter with more eumelanin).", "Blond __knowledge__ On the Fischer–Saller scale, blond color ranges from A (light blond) to O (dark blond).", "Blond __knowledge__ The word \"blond\" is first documented in English in 1481 and derives from Old French \"blund, blont\", meaning \"a colour midway between golden and light chestnut\".", "Blond __knowledge__ It gradually eclipsed the native term \"fair\", of same meaning, from Old English \"fæġer\", causing \"fair\" later to become a general term for \"light complexioned\".", "Blond __knowledge__ This earlier use of \"fair\" survives in the proper name Fairfax, from Old English \"fæġer-feahs\" meaning \"blond hair\".", "Blond __knowledge__ The French (and thus also the derived English) word \"blond\" has two possible origins.", "Blond __knowledge__ Some linguists say it comes from Medieval Latin \"blundus\", meaning \"yellow\", from Old Frankish \"blund\" which would relate it to Old English \"blonden-feax\" meaning \"grey-haired\", from \"blondan/blandan\" meaning \"to mix\" (Cf.", "Info-gap decision theory __knowledge__ Info-gap decision theory is a non-probabilistic decision theory that seeks to optimize robustness to failure – or opportuneness for windfall – under severe uncertainty, in particular applying sensitivity analysis of the stability radius type to perturbations in the value of a given estimate of the parameter of interest.", "Info-gap decision theory __knowledge__ It has some connections with Wald's maximin model; some authors distinguish them, others consider them instances of the same principle.", "Info-gap decision theory __knowledge__ It has been developed since the 1980s by Yakov Ben-Haim, and has found many applications and described as a theory for decision-making under \"\"severe\" uncertainty\".", "Nutritional neuroscience __knowledge__ Nutritional neuroscience is the scientific discipline that studies the effects various components of the diet such as minerals, vitamins, protein, carbohydrates, fats, dietary supplements, synthetic hormones, and food additives have on neurochemistry, neurobiology, behavior, and cognition.", "Nutritional neuroscience __knowledge__ Recent research on nutritional mechanisms and their effect on the brain show they are involved in almost every facet of neurological functioning including alterations in neurogenesis, neurotrophic factors, neural pathways and neuroplasticity, throughout the life cycle.", "Nutritional neuroscience __knowledge__ Relatively speaking, the brain consumes an immense amount of energy in comparison to the rest of the body.", "Vitamin A __knowledge__ Vitamin A is a group of unsaturated nutritional organic compounds that includes retinol, retinal, retinoic acid, and several provitamin A carotenoids (most notably beta-carotene).", "Vitamin A __knowledge__ Vitamin A has multiple functions: it is important for growth and development, for the maintenance of the immune system and good vision.", "Vitamin A __knowledge__ Vitamin A is needed by the retina of the eye in the form of retinal, which combines with protein opsin to form rhodopsin, the light-absorbing molecule necessary for both low-light (scotopic vision) and color vision.", "Vitamin A __knowledge__ Vitamin A also functions in a very different role as retinoic acid (an irreversibly oxidized form of retinol), which is an important hormone-like growth factor for epithelial and other cells.", "List of Dinosaur King characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that appear in \"Dinosaur King\".", "List of Dinosaur King characters __knowledge__ The English versions of the series use names differing from the Japanese versions; in this article the English names are used.", "List of Dinosaur King characters __knowledge__ The D-Team are the protagonists of the series who are very knowledgeable about dinosaurs.", "List of Dinosaur King characters __knowledge__ They prevent the Alpha Gang from succeeding in their goal by saving the dinosaurs they can find.", "List of Dinosaur King characters __knowledge__ Among its members are: The Alpha Gang are the primary yet inept antagonists of the first series who abduct any dinosaur cards they find using their own dinosaurs as their muscle.", "List of Dinosaur King characters __knowledge__ They conduct experiments on the dinosaur cards they find.", "Pigment __knowledge__ A pigment is a material that changes the color of reflected or transmitted light as the result of wavelength-selective absorption.", "Pigment __knowledge__ This physical process differs from fluorescence, phosphorescence, and other forms of luminescence, in which a material emits light.", "Pigment __knowledge__ Many materials selectively absorb certain wavelengths of light.", "Pigment __knowledge__ Materials that humans have chosen and developed for use as pigments usually have special properties that make them ideal for coloring other materials.", "Pigment __knowledge__ A pigment must have a high tinting strength relative to the materials it colors.", "Pigment __knowledge__ It must be stable in solid form at ambient temperatures.", "Retinol __knowledge__ Retinol, also known as Vitamin A, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement.", "Retinol __knowledge__ As a supplement it is used to treat and prevent vitamin A deficiency, especially that which is resulting in xerophthalmia.", "Retinol __knowledge__ In areas where deficiency is common a single large dose is recommended to those at high risk a couple of times a year.", "Retinol __knowledge__ It is also used to prevent further issues in those who have measles.", "Retinol __knowledge__ It is used by mouth or injection into a muscle.", "Retinol __knowledge__ Retinol at normal doses is well tolerated.", "Retinol __knowledge__ High doses may result in an enlarged liver, dry skin, or hypervitaminosis A.", "Retinol __knowledge__ High doses during pregnancy may result in harm to the baby.", "The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Tonga __knowledge__ The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) (Tongan: \"Siasi ʻo Sīsū Kalaisi ʻo e Kau Māʻoniʻoni ʻi he Ngaahi ʻAho Kimui Ní\" or \"Siasi Māmonga\") has had a presence in Tonga since 1891.", "The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Tonga __knowledge__ The Tongan Mission was organized in 1916.", "The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Tonga __knowledge__ However, due to anti-Mormon rumors and government policies, the LDS Church did not grow steadily in Tonga until 1924.", "The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Tonga __knowledge__ Between 1946 and 1956, church leaders published Tongan translations of the scriptures and built a church-sponsored school known as the Liahona School.", "The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Tonga __knowledge__ In 1968, Tonga's first LDS stake was organized and the Nuku'alofa Tonga Temple was dedicated in 1983.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair (or ginger hair) occurs naturally in 1–2% of the human population.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It occurs more frequently (2–6%) in people of northern or western European ancestry, and less frequently in other populations.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair appears most commonly in people with two copies of a recessive allele on chromosome 16 which produces an altered version of the MC1R protein.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair varies in hues from a deep burgundy or bright copper (reddish-brown or auburn) through to burnt orange or red-orange and strawberry blond.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.", "Brown hair __knowledge__ Brown hair is the second most common human hair color, after black hair.", "Brown hair __knowledge__ It varies from light brown to almost black hair.", "Brown hair __knowledge__ It is characterized by higher levels of the dark pigment eumelanin and lower levels of the pale pigment pheomelanin.", "Brown hair __knowledge__ Its strands are thicker than those of fair hair but not as much as those of red hair.", "Brown hair __knowledge__ People with brown hair are often referred to as brunette, which in French is the feminine form of \"brunet,\" the diminutive of \"brun\" (brown, brown-haired or dark-haired).", "Brown hair __knowledge__ Brown hair is common among populations in the Western world, especially among those from Central Europe, Southeastern Europe, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Southern Cone, the United States, and also some populations in the Greater Middle East where it transitions smoothly into black hair.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Hair color is the pigmentation of hair follicles due to two types of melanin: eumelanin and pheomelanin.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Generally, if more eumelanin is present, the color of the hair is darker; if less eumelanin is present, the hair is lighter.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ The darker a person's natural hair color is, the more individual hair follicles they have on their scalp.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Levels of melanin can vary over time causing a person's hair color to change, and it is possible to have hair follicles of more than one color on the same person.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Particular hair colors are associated with ethnic groups.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Gray or white hair is associated with age.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ The Fischer–Saller scale, named after Eugen Fischer and , is used in physical anthropology and medicine to determine the shades of hair color.", "Brown __knowledge__ Brown is a composite color.", "Brown __knowledge__ In the CMYK color model used in printing or painting, brown is made by combining red, black, and yellow, or red, yellow, and blue.", "Brown __knowledge__ In the RGB color model used to project colors onto television screens and computer monitors, brown is made by combining red and green, in specific proportions.", "Brown __knowledge__ The brown color is seen widely in nature, in wood, soil, human hair color, eye color and skin pigmentation.", "Brown __knowledge__ Brown is the color of dark wood or rich soil.", "Brown __knowledge__ According to public opinion surveys in Europe and the United States, brown is the least favorite color of the public; the color is most often associated with plainness, the rustic, feces, and poverty.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ The genetic basis of coat colour in the Labrador Retriever (a highly popular breed of dog) has been studied in detail, and found to depend on several distinct genes.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ The interplay between these genes is broadly used as an example of epistasis.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ Labrador Retrievers are a popular breed of dog in many countries.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ There are three recognised colours, black, chocolate, and yellow, that result from the interplay among genes that direct production and expression of two pigments, eumelanin and pheomelanin, in the fur and skin of the dog.", "Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics __knowledge__ The recognized colours are due to two genes, while a third gene affects the range of colouration observed within the yellow Labrador.", "Bay (horse) __knowledge__ Bay is a hair coat color of horses, characterized by a reddish-brown body color with a black mane, tail, ear edges, and lower legs.", "Bay (horse) __knowledge__ Bay is one of the most common coat colors in many horse breeds.", "Bay (horse) __knowledge__ The black areas of a bay horse's hair coat are called \"black points\", and without them, a horse cannot be a bay.", "Bay (horse) __knowledge__ Black points may sometimes be covered by white markings; however such markings do not alter a horse's classification as \"bay\".", "Bay (horse) __knowledge__ Bay horses have dark skin, except under white markings - where the skin is pink.", "Bay (horse) __knowledge__ Genetically, bay occurs when a horse carries both the Agouti gene and a black base coat.", "Melanin __knowledge__ Melanin (; from \"melas\", \"black, dark\") is a broad term for a group of natural pigments found in most organisms.", "Melanin __knowledge__ Melanin is produced by the oxidation of the amino acid tyrosine, followed by polymerization.", "Melanin __knowledge__ The melanin pigments are produced in a specialized group of cells known as melanocytes.", "Melanin __knowledge__ There are three basic types of melanin: eumelanin, pheomelanin, and neuromelanin.", "Melanin __knowledge__ The most common type is eumelanin, of which there are two types—brown eumelanin and black eumelanin.", "Melanin __knowledge__ Pheomelanin is a cysteine that contains red polymer of benzothiazine units largely responsible for red hair, among other pigmentation." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blond __knowledge__ Blond (male), blonde (female), or fair hair, is a hair color characterized by low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.", "Blond __knowledge__ The resultant visible hue depends on various factors, but always has some sort of yellowish color.", "Blond __knowledge__ The color can be from the very pale blond (caused by a patchy, scarce distribution of pigment) to reddish \"strawberry\" blond or golden-brownish (\"sandy\") blond colors (the latter with more eumelanin).", "Blond __knowledge__ On the Fischer–Saller scale, blond color ranges from A (light blond) to O (dark blond).", "Blond __knowledge__ The word \"blond\" is first documented in English in 1481 and derives from Old French \"blund, blont\", meaning \"a colour midway between golden and light chestnut\".", "Blond __knowledge__ It gradually eclipsed the native term \"fair\", of same meaning, from Old English \"fæġer\", causing \"fair\" later to become a general term for \"light complexioned\".", "Blond __knowledge__ This earlier use of \"fair\" survives in the proper name Fairfax, from Old English \"fæġer-feahs\" meaning \"blond hair\".", "Blond __knowledge__ The French (and thus also the derived English) word \"blond\" has two possible origins.", "Blond __knowledge__ Some linguists say it comes from Medieval Latin \"blundus\", meaning \"yellow\", from Old Frankish \"blund\" which would relate it to Old English \"blonden-feax\" meaning \"grey-haired\", from \"blondan/blandan\" meaning \"to mix\" (Cf.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Hair color is the pigmentation of hair follicles due to two types of melanin: eumelanin and pheomelanin.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Generally, if more eumelanin is present, the color of the hair is darker; if less eumelanin is present, the hair is lighter.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ The darker a person's natural hair color is, the more individual hair follicles they have on their scalp.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Levels of melanin can vary over time causing a person's hair color to change, and it is possible to have hair follicles of more than one color on the same person.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Particular hair colors are associated with ethnic groups.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Gray or white hair is associated with age.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ The Fischer–Saller scale, named after Eugen Fischer and , is used in physical anthropology and medicine to determine the shades of hair color.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ Of the thousands of people murdered every year in the United States, some remain unidentified.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ Many victims are not identified for years or even decades after they were killed—as in the case of Tammy Jo Alexander, who was murdered in 1979 and remained unidentified until 2015.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ Including both murder victims and those who died of other causes, about 40,000 bodies remain unidentified in the United States.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ The body of a white female aged thirty-four to thirty-eight was found in Slaughter Creek, near the Sipsey River in Romulus, Tuscaloosa County, Alabama on April 18, 1982.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ The victim had been beaten, strangled and sexually assaulted.", "Mexicans of European descent __knowledge__ European Mexicans are Mexican citizens of complete or predominant European descent.", "Mexicans of European descent __knowledge__ While the Mexican government periodically conducts racial censuses for \"Indigenous Mexicans\" and \"Afro-Mexicans\" it has not conducted a census for European Mexicans for nearly a century.", "Mexicans of European descent __knowledge__ Estimates of this ethnic group as a segment of the country's population range from 9% and 20% according to \"The World Factbook\" and Encyclopædia Britannica to as high as 47% according to the ENADIS 2010 (National Survey About Discrimination), conducted by the CONAPRED (National Council to Prevent Discrimination) as a mean to address the problems of racism that Mexicans of mainly Indigenous or African ancestry suffer at hands of a society that favors light skinned, European looking Mexicans.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters in Laurell K. Hamilton's \"\" series of novels.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ The title character, Anita Blake starts as a human with the power of necromancy.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She joins the organization Animators, Inc. as an animator: a person who raises zombies) and a vampire executioner.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ In later volumes, she acquires some powers that are commonly associated with vampires.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She contracts the lycanthropy viruses which makes her associate with were-creatures.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She also grows powers as a succubus.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ Bert is the founder and managing partner of Animators, Inc. Over 6 feet tall and built like a former athlete, Bert is an unscrupulous boss who is inclined to sign the animators up for almost any job if the price is right.", "Roman hairstyles __knowledge__ Hairstyle fashion in Rome was ever changing, and particularly in the Roman Imperial Period there were a number of different ways to style hair.", "Roman hairstyles __knowledge__ As with clothes, there were several hairstyles that were limited to certain people in ancient society.", "Roman hairstyles __knowledge__ Styles are so distinctive they allow scholars today to create a chronology of Roman portraiture and art; we are able to date pictures of the empresses on coins, or identify busts depending on their hairstyles.", "Roman hairstyles __knowledge__ Much like today, hair for the Romans was as much an expression of personal identity as clothes.", "Roman hairstyles __knowledge__ Hairstyles were determined by a number of factors, namely gender, age, social status, wealth and profession.", "List of Maximum Ride characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters in the \"Maximum Ride\" young adult fiction book series by James Patterson.", "List of Maximum Ride characters __knowledge__ Maximum, known as Max for short, is the leader of the 'flock'.", "List of Maximum Ride characters __knowledge__ In the first book, she is 14.", "List of Maximum Ride characters __knowledge__ She has brown hair and brown eyes.", "List of Maximum Ride characters __knowledge__ She is 5'8\", a little over 90lbs with a wingspan of 13 feet.", "List of Maximum Ride characters __knowledge__ Her wings are tan with brown spots, and her primary feathers are streaked black and white.", "List of Maximum Ride characters __knowledge__ She strives to make the flock happy, and when they face challenges, she feels as if she has to protect them.", "List of Maximum Ride characters __knowledge__ They are all often viewed as her children, though Max sometimes forgets that she is not much older than the rest of them.", "Melanin __knowledge__ Melanin (; from \"melas\", \"black, dark\") is a broad term for a group of natural pigments found in most organisms.", "Melanin __knowledge__ Melanin is produced by the oxidation of the amino acid tyrosine, followed by polymerization.", "Melanin __knowledge__ The melanin pigments are produced in a specialized group of cells known as melanocytes.", "Melanin __knowledge__ There are three basic types of melanin: eumelanin, pheomelanin, and neuromelanin.", "Melanin __knowledge__ The most common type is eumelanin, of which there are two types—brown eumelanin and black eumelanin.", "Melanin __knowledge__ Pheomelanin is a cysteine that contains red polymer of benzothiazine units largely responsible for red hair, among other pigmentation.", "The Strawberry Blonde __knowledge__ The Strawberry Blonde is a 1941 Warner Bros. feature film directed by Raoul Walsh, starring James Cagney and Olivia de Havilland, and featuring Rita Hayworth, Alan Hale, Jack Carson and George Tobias.", "The Strawberry Blonde __knowledge__ The picture was nominated for an Academy Award in 1941 for Best Scoring of a Musical Picture and features songs such as \"The Band Played On\", \"Bill Bailey\", \"Meet Me in St. Louis, Louie,\" \"Wait Till The Sun Shines Nellie,\" and \"Love Me and the World Is Mine.\"", "The Strawberry Blonde __knowledge__ The title is most often listed beginning with the word The, but the film's posters and promotional materials call it simply Strawberry Blonde.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ This is a list of \"Strawberry Shortcake\" characters.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ There are (at this writing) four distinct continuities in which Strawberry Shortcake's adventures take place: The original, 1980s version, the 2003 reboot, the 2009/2010 reboot and the upcoming 2018 reboot.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Many of Strawberry Shortcake's friends appear in more than one continuity, and their appearance and/or characterization can vary greatly between versions.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Distinct traits will be noted in each of the circas in which a character happens to appear.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Strawberry Shortcake is the protagonist and the title character of \"The World of Strawberry Shortcake\" franchise.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ Equine coat color genetics determine a horse's coat color.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ There are many different coat colors possible, but all colors are produced by the action of only a few genes.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ The combination of the extension and agouti loci determine the base coat of a horse.Bay is the original \"wild type\" color of horses.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ Ancient remains of horses were tested to be of bay base coat color.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ The Dun test was not available at the time, but those horses were also dun.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ (EE AA DD) Red horses were created with a modification of the extension locus.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ Dominant extension mutated into a recessive form.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ When the horse is homozygous for recessive extension (or ee), the horse's base coat will be red.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair (or ginger hair) occurs naturally in 1–2% of the human population.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It occurs more frequently (2–6%) in people of northern or western European ancestry, and less frequently in other populations.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair appears most commonly in people with two copies of a recessive allele on chromosome 16 which produces an altered version of the MC1R protein.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair varies in hues from a deep burgundy or bright copper (reddish-brown or auburn) through to burnt orange or red-orange and strawberry blond.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blond __knowledge__ Blond (male), blonde (female), or fair hair, is a hair color characterized by low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.", "Blond __knowledge__ The resultant visible hue depends on various factors, but always has some sort of yellowish color.", "Blond __knowledge__ The color can be from the very pale blond (caused by a patchy, scarce distribution of pigment) to reddish \"strawberry\" blond or golden-brownish (\"sandy\") blond colors (the latter with more eumelanin).", "Blond __knowledge__ On the Fischer–Saller scale, blond color ranges from A (light blond) to O (dark blond).", "Blond __knowledge__ The word \"blond\" is first documented in English in 1481 and derives from Old French \"blund, blont\", meaning \"a colour midway between golden and light chestnut\".", "Blond __knowledge__ It gradually eclipsed the native term \"fair\", of same meaning, from Old English \"fæġer\", causing \"fair\" later to become a general term for \"light complexioned\".", "Blond __knowledge__ This earlier use of \"fair\" survives in the proper name Fairfax, from Old English \"fæġer-feahs\" meaning \"blond hair\".", "Blond __knowledge__ The French (and thus also the derived English) word \"blond\" has two possible origins.", "Blond __knowledge__ Some linguists say it comes from Medieval Latin \"blundus\", meaning \"yellow\", from Old Frankish \"blund\" which would relate it to Old English \"blonden-feax\" meaning \"grey-haired\", from \"blondan/blandan\" meaning \"to mix\" (Cf.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Hair color is the pigmentation of hair follicles due to two types of melanin: eumelanin and pheomelanin.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Generally, if more eumelanin is present, the color of the hair is darker; if less eumelanin is present, the hair is lighter.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ The darker a person's natural hair color is, the more individual hair follicles they have on their scalp.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Levels of melanin can vary over time causing a person's hair color to change, and it is possible to have hair follicles of more than one color on the same person.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Particular hair colors are associated with ethnic groups.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Gray or white hair is associated with age.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ The Fischer–Saller scale, named after Eugen Fischer and , is used in physical anthropology and medicine to determine the shades of hair color.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ Of the thousands of people murdered every year in the United States, some remain unidentified.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ Many victims are not identified for years or even decades after they were killed—as in the case of Tammy Jo Alexander, who was murdered in 1979 and remained unidentified until 2015.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ Including both murder victims and those who died of other causes, about 40,000 bodies remain unidentified in the United States.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ The body of a white female aged thirty-four to thirty-eight was found in Slaughter Creek, near the Sipsey River in Romulus, Tuscaloosa County, Alabama on April 18, 1982.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ The victim had been beaten, strangled and sexually assaulted.", "Hair __knowledge__ Hair is a protein filament that grows from follicles found in the dermis.", "Hair __knowledge__ Hair is one of the defining characteristics of mammals.", "Hair __knowledge__ The human body, apart from areas of glabrous skin, is covered in follicles which produce thick terminal and fine vellus hair.", "Hair __knowledge__ Most common interest in hair is focused on hair growth, hair types and hair care, but hair is also an important biomaterial primarily composed of protein, notably alpha-keratin.", "Hair __knowledge__ Attitudes towards different hair, such as hairstyles and hair removal, vary widely across different cultures and historical periods, but it is often used to indicate a person's personal beliefs or social position, such as their age, sex, or religion.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters in Laurell K. Hamilton's \"\" series of novels.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ The title character, Anita Blake starts as a human with the power of necromancy.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She joins the organization Animators, Inc. as an animator: a person who raises zombies) and a vampire executioner.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ In later volumes, she acquires some powers that are commonly associated with vampires.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She contracts the lycanthropy viruses which makes her associate with were-creatures.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She also grows powers as a succubus.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ Bert is the founder and managing partner of Animators, Inc. Over 6 feet tall and built like a former athlete, Bert is an unscrupulous boss who is inclined to sign the animators up for almost any job if the price is right.", "Nordic race __knowledge__ The Nordic race was one of the putative sub-races into which some late 19th to mid 20th century anthropologists divided the Caucasian race.", "Nordic race __knowledge__ People of the Nordic type were to be mostly found in the Nordic countries.", "Nordic race __knowledge__ The psychological traits of Nordics were described as truthful, equitable, competitive, naïve, reserved, and individualistic.", "Nordic race __knowledge__ Other supposed sub-races were the Alpine race, Dinaric race, East Baltic race, and the Mediterranean race.", "Nordic race __knowledge__ Nordicism was an ideology of racial separatism which viewed Nordics as an endangered racial group, most notably in Madison Grant's book \"The Passing of the Great Race\".", "Mexicans of European descent __knowledge__ European Mexicans are Mexican citizens of complete or predominant European descent.", "Mexicans of European descent __knowledge__ While the Mexican government periodically conducts racial censuses for \"Indigenous Mexicans\" and \"Afro-Mexicans\" it has not conducted a census for European Mexicans for nearly a century.", "Mexicans of European descent __knowledge__ Estimates of this ethnic group as a segment of the country's population range from 9% and 20% according to \"The World Factbook\" and Encyclopædia Britannica to as high as 47% according to the ENADIS 2010 (National Survey About Discrimination), conducted by the CONAPRED (National Council to Prevent Discrimination) as a mean to address the problems of racism that Mexicans of mainly Indigenous or African ancestry suffer at hands of a society that favors light skinned, European looking Mexicans.", "Hair coloring __knowledge__ Hair coloring, or hair dyeing, is the practice of changing the hair color.", "Hair coloring __knowledge__ The main reasons for this are cosmetic: to cover gray or white hair, to change to a color regarded as more fashionable or desirable, to restore the original hair color after it has been discolored by hairdressing processes or sun bleaching.", "Hair coloring __knowledge__ Hair coloring can be done professionally by a hairdresser or independently at home.", "Hair coloring __knowledge__ Today, hair coloring is very popular, with 75% of women and 18% of men living in Copenhagen having reported using hair dye according to a study by the University of Copenhagen.", "Hair coloring __knowledge__ At home coloring in the United States reached $1.9 billion in 2011 and is expected to raise to $2.2 billion by 2016.", "Henna __knowledge__ Henna () is a dye prepared from the plant \"Lawsonia inermis\", also known as hina, the henna tree, the mignonette tree, and the Egyptian privet, the sole species of the \"Lawsonia\" genus.", "Henna __knowledge__ \"Henna\" can also refer to the temporary body art (staining) based on those dyes (see also mehndi).", "Henna __knowledge__ Henna has been used since antiquity to dye skin, hair and fingernails, as well as fabrics including silk, wool and leather.", "Henna __knowledge__ Historically, henna was used in the Arabian Peninsula, Indian Subcontinent, parts of Southeast Asia, Carthage, other parts of North Africa and the Horn of Africa.", "Henna __knowledge__ The name is used in other skin and hair dyes, such as \"black henna\" and \"neutral henna\", which is derived from specific parts of the henna plant that are harvested at individual times.", "Hair dye stripping __knowledge__ Hair dye stripping is a process used to rid the hair of unwanted deposited color.", "Hair dye stripping __knowledge__ Hair dye stripping is a chemical process involving the application of a sulfur-based product to hair in order to remove deposited color.", "Hair dye stripping __knowledge__ Hair dye strippers raise sulfite levels to make hair more porous and reverse the oxidation of color molecules.", "Hair dye stripping __knowledge__ This breaks the bonds dyes form between one another and the hair shaft that were formed by oxidizing small hair color intermediates, shrinking the molecules and allowing hair color to be washed out of the hair.", "Hair dye stripping __knowledge__ Because of the chemical nature of hair dye strippers, they are effective on both newly dyed hair and older dye.", "Roman hairstyles __knowledge__ Hairstyle fashion in Rome was ever changing, and particularly in the Roman Imperial Period there were a number of different ways to style hair.", "Roman hairstyles __knowledge__ As with clothes, there were several hairstyles that were limited to certain people in ancient society.", "Roman hairstyles __knowledge__ Styles are so distinctive they allow scholars today to create a chronology of Roman portraiture and art; we are able to date pictures of the empresses on coins, or identify busts depending on their hairstyles.", "Roman hairstyles __knowledge__ Much like today, hair for the Romans was as much an expression of personal identity as clothes.", "Roman hairstyles __knowledge__ Hairstyles were determined by a number of factors, namely gender, age, social status, wealth and profession.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ Zakynthos (, \"Zákynthos\" , ) or Zante (, \"Tzánte\" , ; from Venetian), is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ It is the third largest of the Ionian Islands.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ Zakynthos is a separate regional unit of the Ionian Islands region, and its only municipality.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ It covers an area of and its coastline is roughly in length.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ The name, like all similar names ending in -nthos, is pre-Mycenaean or Pelasgian in origin.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ In Greek mythology the island was said to be named after Zakynthos, the son of a legendary Arcadian chief Dardanus.", "Zakynthos __knowledge__ Zakynthos is a tourist destination, with an international airport served by charter flights from northern Europe." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blond __knowledge__ Blond (male), blonde (female), or fair hair, is a hair color characterized by low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.", "Blond __knowledge__ The resultant visible hue depends on various factors, but always has some sort of yellowish color.", "Blond __knowledge__ The color can be from the very pale blond (caused by a patchy, scarce distribution of pigment) to reddish \"strawberry\" blond or golden-brownish (\"sandy\") blond colors (the latter with more eumelanin).", "Blond __knowledge__ On the Fischer–Saller scale, blond color ranges from A (light blond) to O (dark blond).", "Blond __knowledge__ The word \"blond\" is first documented in English in 1481 and derives from Old French \"blund, blont\", meaning \"a colour midway between golden and light chestnut\".", "Blond __knowledge__ It gradually eclipsed the native term \"fair\", of same meaning, from Old English \"fæġer\", causing \"fair\" later to become a general term for \"light complexioned\".", "Blond __knowledge__ This earlier use of \"fair\" survives in the proper name Fairfax, from Old English \"fæġer-feahs\" meaning \"blond hair\".", "Blond __knowledge__ The French (and thus also the derived English) word \"blond\" has two possible origins.", "Blond __knowledge__ Some linguists say it comes from Medieval Latin \"blundus\", meaning \"yellow\", from Old Frankish \"blund\" which would relate it to Old English \"blonden-feax\" meaning \"grey-haired\", from \"blondan/blandan\" meaning \"to mix\" (Cf.", "UV coating __knowledge__ A UV coating is a surface treatment which either is cured by ultraviolet radiation, or which protects the underlying material from such radiation's harmful effects.", "UV coating __knowledge__ Ultraviolet cured coatings can be applied over ink printed on paper and dried by exposure to UV radiation.", "UV coating __knowledge__ UV coatings can be formulated up to 100% solids so that they have no volatile component that contributes to pollution.", "UV coating __knowledge__ This high solids level also allows for the coating to be applied in very thin films.", "UV coating __knowledge__ UV coatings can be formulated to a wide variety of gloss ranges.", "UV coating __knowledge__ UV coating can be applied via most conventional industrial coating applications as well as by silkscreen.", "Synemosyna petrunkevitchi __knowledge__ Synemosyna petrunkevitchi is a spider in the family Salticidae (\"jumping spiders\"), in the infraorder Araneomorphae (\"true spiders\").", "Synemosyna petrunkevitchi __knowledge__ The distribution range of \"Synemosyna petrunkevitchi\" includes the USA and Cuba.", "Dermatitis __knowledge__ Dermatitis, also known as eczema, is a group of diseases that results in inflammation of the skin.", "Dermatitis __knowledge__ These diseases are characterized by itchiness, red skin, and a rash.", "Dermatitis __knowledge__ In cases of short duration there may be small blisters while in long-term cases the skin may become thickened.", "Dermatitis __knowledge__ The area of skin involved can vary from small to the entire body.", "Dermatitis __knowledge__ Dermatitis is a group of skin conditions that includes atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, irritant contact dermatitis, and stasis dermatitis.", "Dermatitis __knowledge__ The exact cause of dermatitis is often unclear.", "Dermatitis __knowledge__ Cases may involve a combination of irritation, allergy, and poor venous return.", "Christopher Smart's asylum confinement __knowledge__ The English poet Christopher Smart (1722–1771) was confined to mental asylums from May 1757 until January 1763.", "Christopher Smart's asylum confinement __knowledge__ Smart was admitted into St Luke's Hospital for Lunatics, Upper Moorfields, London, on 6 May 1757.", "Christopher Smart's asylum confinement __knowledge__ He was taken there by his father-in-law, John Newbery, although he may have been confined in a private madhouse before then.", "Christopher Smart's asylum confinement __knowledge__ While in St Luke's he wrote \"Jubilate Agno\" and \"A Song to David\", the poems considered to be his greatest works.", "Christopher Smart's asylum confinement __knowledge__ Although many of his contemporaries agreed that Smart was \"mad\", accounts of his condition and its ramifications varied, and some felt that he had been committed unfairly.", "Euthanasia in Canada __knowledge__ Euthanasia in Canada in its legal voluntary form is called medically assisted dying (colloquially \"assisted suicide\" or \"death with dignity\") and became legal as of June 2016 for terminally ill adults.", "Euthanasia in Canada __knowledge__ Strict laws govern access to legal assisted suicide in Canada.", "Euthanasia in Canada __knowledge__ Assisted suicide is not available to minors, nor on the grounds of mental illness, long-term disability, or any curable condition.", "Euthanasia in Canada __knowledge__ To prevent suicide tourism, it is available only to residents eligible for Canadian healthcare coverage.", "Euthanasia in Canada __knowledge__ Advance directives are not allowed in Canada for voluntary euthanasia and patients can not arrange to consent \"in advance\" to dying later at the hands of a caregiver (such as in cases of dementia or Alzheimer's disease where patients may want to die after they reach an advanced state of mental decline).", "Synemosyna __knowledge__ Synemosyna is a genus of jumping spiders (family Salticidae) that occurs from Argentina to the northern United States.", "Synemosyna __knowledge__ They are ant mimics.", "Synemosyna __knowledge__ , the World Spider Catalog accepted the following species:", "Football Sunday on ESPN Radio __knowledge__ Football Sunday on ESPN Radio is a weekly radio program dedicated to the National Football League (NFL) every Sunday from 1 pm ET to 8 pm ET on ESPN and ESPN Radio.", "Football Sunday on ESPN Radio __knowledge__ The current host of the show is Jonathan Coachman.", "Football Sunday on ESPN Radio __knowledge__ Analysts include former defensive back Eric Allen, former quarterback Tim Hasselbeck, and former wide receiver Tom Waddle.", "Football Sunday on ESPN Radio __knowledge__ The program originates from ESPN headquarters in Bristol, Connecticut and is sponsored by Progressive.", "Football Sunday on ESPN Radio __knowledge__ Coachman, Allen, Hasselbeck and Waddle bring listeners the up-to-the-minute action during the NFL Sunday afternoon games.", "Football Sunday on ESPN Radio __knowledge__ The program also brings the latest scores every ten minutes with Marc Kestasher on either the \"Scoreboard Update\" or \"ESPN Radio SportsCenter\".", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Hair color is the pigmentation of hair follicles due to two types of melanin: eumelanin and pheomelanin.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Generally, if more eumelanin is present, the color of the hair is darker; if less eumelanin is present, the hair is lighter.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ The darker a person's natural hair color is, the more individual hair follicles they have on their scalp.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Levels of melanin can vary over time causing a person's hair color to change, and it is possible to have hair follicles of more than one color on the same person.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Particular hair colors are associated with ethnic groups.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Gray or white hair is associated with age.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ The Fischer–Saller scale, named after Eugen Fischer and , is used in physical anthropology and medicine to determine the shades of hair color.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ Of the thousands of people murdered every year in the United States, some remain unidentified.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ Many victims are not identified for years or even decades after they were killed—as in the case of Tammy Jo Alexander, who was murdered in 1979 and remained unidentified until 2015.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ Including both murder victims and those who died of other causes, about 40,000 bodies remain unidentified in the United States.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ The body of a white female aged thirty-four to thirty-eight was found in Slaughter Creek, near the Sipsey River in Romulus, Tuscaloosa County, Alabama on April 18, 1982.", "List of unidentified murder victims in the United States __knowledge__ The victim had been beaten, strangled and sexually assaulted.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters in Laurell K. Hamilton's \"\" series of novels.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ The title character, Anita Blake starts as a human with the power of necromancy.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She joins the organization Animators, Inc. as an animator: a person who raises zombies) and a vampire executioner.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ In later volumes, she acquires some powers that are commonly associated with vampires.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She contracts the lycanthropy viruses which makes her associate with were-creatures.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ She also grows powers as a succubus.", "List of Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter characters __knowledge__ Bert is the founder and managing partner of Animators, Inc. Over 6 feet tall and built like a former athlete, Bert is an unscrupulous boss who is inclined to sign the animators up for almost any job if the price is right.", "List of unidentified murder victims in California __knowledge__ In California, there are many murder victims in the category of unidentified decedents, whose identities remain unknown.", "List of unidentified murder victims in California __knowledge__ In most of these cases, their murderer has never been identified.", "List of unidentified murder victims in California __knowledge__ The body of a black male was located on February 9, 1968 in Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, California.", "List of unidentified murder victims in California __knowledge__ The victim was a young man, who was older than eighteen when he was shot to death.", "List of unidentified murder victims in California __knowledge__ The John Doe was tall, approximately six feet three inches tall and weighed 156 pounds with black hair and brown eyes.", "List of unidentified murder victims in California __knowledge__ His frame was noticeably thin.", "List of unidentified murder victims in California __knowledge__ He was wearing a green sweater over a green turtle neck shirt.", "List of unidentified murder victims in California __knowledge__ Blue pants, a brown leather belt, green socks, white boxers and gray shoes were also worn by the decedent.", "List of From Eroica with Love characters __knowledge__ For more information regarding the manga: In stealing things, Dorian Red Gloria, Earl of Gloria is aided by his gang of thieves, who also manage his household.", "List of From Eroica with Love characters __knowledge__ These characters are also inspired by the band Led Zeppelin.", "List of From Eroica with Love characters __knowledge__ For the heists the band often uses sleeping gas on the guards.", "List of From Eroica with Love characters __knowledge__ Dorian sometimes lets his gang perform the heists themselves, but sometimes he participates.", "List of From Eroica with Love characters __knowledge__ When told he needn't be there in person for a heist, he replies: \"Occasionally, I like to feel the excitement.\"", "List of From Eroica with Love characters __knowledge__ In \"Achilles' last stand\" they go by submarine, in \"A Thousand Kisses\" and \"Love In Greece\" by zeppelin.", "List of From Eroica with Love characters __knowledge__ Exact number of thieves is unknown, but in Hallelujinah Express Dorian orders 20 tickets for the trip to Rome.", "List of unidentified murder victims in Florida __knowledge__ In Florida, there are a number of murder victims in the category of unidentified decedents, whose identities have yet to be found.", "List of unidentified murder victims in Florida __knowledge__ In most of these cases, their murderer or murderers have also gone undiscovered.", "List of unidentified murder victims in Florida __knowledge__ An adult female between twenty-five and thirty-five years old was discovered wrapped in plastic and concealed in a footlocker on October 31, 1969 in St. Petersburg, Florida.", "List of unidentified murder victims in Florida __knowledge__ The murder weapon, a tie, was visible around her neck.", "List of unidentified murder victims in Florida __knowledge__ Examination also concluded she had suffered blunt force trauma to the head.", "List of unidentified murder victims in Florida __knowledge__ The murder had taken place within seventy-two hours of her discovery.", "List of unidentified murder victims in Florida __knowledge__ She was five feet nine inches tall, weighing 130 pounds, she was the mother of at least one child, and the dental care she received in her life was relatively low, despite the fact that her wisdom teeth had been removed." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 5, 3, 4 ]

[ "It is caused by having low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin", "There are vary degrees of it. The color can be from the very pale blonde which is caused by a patchy, scarce distrubution of pigment to strawberry blonde or golden blonde which has more eumelanin", "That it can by using hair dye. Another interesting fact about the term Blond. It was first documented all the way back to 1481", "It can vary. One can have very pale blond hair to strawberry blond to golden-brownish blond", "One can by using hair dye, but that is only a temporary solution. But why would anyone want to reverse their blond hair. It is such a diverse hair color ranging from light blond to dark blond on the Fischer-Saller scale" ]

[ "Blond", "Blond", "Blond", "Blond", "Blond" ]

[ "Moustache\nI really like moustaches. I have had one for years.", "I never really thought about it culturally. Can you provide an example?", "Do you know anything about handlebar mustaches? I really think those are interesting", "When I think of mustaches, I think of Tom Selleck. Do you know anything about him?", "I grew up watching old reruns of Magnum PI. I loved that show. " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Moustache __knowledge__ A moustache (; , ) is facial hair grown on the upper lip.", "Moustache __knowledge__ Moustaches can be groomed by trimming and styling with a type of pomade called moustache wax.", "Moustache __knowledge__ The word \"moustache\" is French, and is derived from the Italian \"moustacio\" (fourteenth century), dialectal \"mostaccio\" (16th century), from Medieval Latin \"moustaccium\" (eighth century), Medieval Greek μοστάκιον (\"moustakion\"), attested in the ninth century, which ultimately originates as a diminutive of Hellenistic Greek μύσταξ (\"mustax\", \"mustak-\"), meaning \"upper lip\" or \"facial hair\", probably derived from Hellenistic Greek μύλλον (\"mullon\"), \"lip\".", "Moustache __knowledge__ Shaving with stone razors was technologically possible from Neolithic times.", "Moustache __knowledge__ A mustache is depicted on a statue of the 4th Dynasty Egyptian prince Rahotep (c. 2550 BC).", "Moustache __knowledge__ Another ancient portrait showing a shaved man with a moustache is an ancient Iranian (Scythian) horseman from 300 BC.", "Moustache __knowledge__ Various cultures have developed different associations with moustaches.", "Moustache __knowledge__ For example, in many 20th-century Arab countries, moustaches are associated with power, beards with Islamic traditionalism, and lack of facial hair with more liberal, secular tendencies.", "Moustache __knowledge__ In Islam, trimming the moustache is considered to be a sunnah and mustahabb, that is, a way of life that is recommended, especially among Sunni Muslims.", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ Facial hair in the military has been at various times common, prohibited, or an integral part of the uniform.", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ In the armed forces (and police) of India, Sikhs are allowed to wear full beards as their religion expressly requires followers to do so.", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ However, they are specifically required to \"dress up their hair and beard properly\".", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ In fact, in Sikh-only units there are instances of personnel transferred out by the unit Commander for their refusal to wear beard and hair as required by Sikh religion, although no official regulation exists on this.", "Facial hair in the military __knowledge__ Non-Sikh personnel are allowed to grow whiskers and moustaches, with the only regulation being that \"will be of moderate length\".", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ \"I Really Like You\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer Carly Rae Jepsen for her third studio album, \"Emotion\" (2015).", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ It was written by Jepsen, Jacob Kasher Hindlin, Peter Svensson, Steve DaMar, and produced by Svensson.", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ The song was released as the album's lead single on 2 March 2015.", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ \"I Really Like You\" peaked at number fourteen on the Canadian Hot 100.", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ Internationally, the song peaked within the top ten of the charts in Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Japan, the Republic of Ireland, South Africa and the United Kingdom, while peaking within the top twenty of the charts in Austria, Germany, Slovakia, and Switzerland.", "Emotion (Carly Rae Jepsen album) __knowledge__ Emotion (stylized as E•MO•TION) is the third studio album by Canadian singer Carly Rae Jepsen.", "Emotion (Carly Rae Jepsen album) __knowledge__ It was released on June 24, 2015 in Japan and on August 21, 2015 worldwide through 604, School Boy, and Interscope Records.", "Emotion (Carly Rae Jepsen album) __knowledge__ Looking to transition from the bubblegum pop-oriented nature of her second studio album \"Kiss\" (2012), Jepsen found inspiration in 1980s music and alternative styles.", "Emotion (Carly Rae Jepsen album) __knowledge__ She enlisted a team of mainstream and indie collaborators, including Sia, Mattman & Robin, Dev Hynes, Ariel Rechtshaid and Rostam Batmanglij, culminating in a largely synth-pop-centric effort.", "Emotion (Carly Rae Jepsen album) __knowledge__ \"Emotion\" received acclaim from contemporary music critics, who praised its pop escapism, but were divided over its lyrical content.", "Terry-Thomas __knowledge__ Terry-Thomas (born Thomas Terry Hoar Stevens; 10 July 19118 January 1990) was an English comedian and character actor who became known to a worldwide audience through his many films during the 1950s and 1960s.", "Terry-Thomas __knowledge__ He often portrayed disreputable members of the upper classes, especially cads, toffs and bounders, using his distinctive voice; his costume and props tended to include a monocle, waistcoat and cigarette holder.", "Terry-Thomas __knowledge__ His striking dress sense was set off by a gap between his two upper front teeth.", "Terry-Thomas __knowledge__ Born in London, Terry-Thomas made his film debut, uncredited, in \"The Private Life of Henry VIII\" (1933).", "Movember __knowledge__ Movember (a portmanteau of the Australian-English diminutive word for moustache, \"mo\", and \"November\") is an annual event involving the growing of moustaches during the month of November to raise awareness of men's health issues, such as prostate cancer, testicular cancer, and men's suicide.", "Movember __knowledge__ The Movember Foundation runs the Movember charity event, housed at Movember.com.", "Movember __knowledge__ The goal of Movember is to \"change the face of men's health.\"", "Movember __knowledge__ By encouraging men (whom the charity refers to as \"Mo Bros\") to get involved, Movember aims to increase early cancer detection, diagnosis and effective treatments, and ultimately reduce the number of preventable deaths.", "Beard __knowledge__ A beard is the collection of hair that grows on the chin and cheeks of humans and some animals.", "Beard __knowledge__ In humans, usually only pubescent or adult males are able to grow beards.", "Beard __knowledge__ From an evolutionary viewpoint the beard is a part of the broader category of androgenic hair.", "Beard __knowledge__ It is a vestigial trait from a time when humans had hair on their face and entire body like the hair on gorillas.", "Beard __knowledge__ The evolutionary loss of hair is pronounced in some populations such as indigenous Americans and some east Asian populations, who have less facial hair, whereas people of European or South Asian ancestry and the Ainu have more facial hair." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Moustache __knowledge__ A moustache (; , ) is facial hair grown on the upper lip.", "Moustache __knowledge__ Moustaches can be groomed by trimming and styling with a type of pomade called moustache wax.", "Moustache __knowledge__ The word \"moustache\" is French, and is derived from the Italian \"moustacio\" (fourteenth century), dialectal \"mostaccio\" (16th century), from Medieval Latin \"moustaccium\" (eighth century), Medieval Greek μοστάκιον (\"moustakion\"), attested in the ninth century, which ultimately originates as a diminutive of Hellenistic Greek μύσταξ (\"mustax\", \"mustak-\"), meaning \"upper lip\" or \"facial hair\", probably derived from Hellenistic Greek μύλλον (\"mullon\"), \"lip\".", "Moustache __knowledge__ Shaving with stone razors was technologically possible from Neolithic times.", "Moustache __knowledge__ A mustache is depicted on a statue of the 4th Dynasty Egyptian prince Rahotep (c. 2550 BC).", "Moustache __knowledge__ Another ancient portrait showing a shaved man with a moustache is an ancient Iranian (Scythian) horseman from 300 BC.", "Moustache __knowledge__ Various cultures have developed different associations with moustaches.", "Moustache __knowledge__ For example, in many 20th-century Arab countries, moustaches are associated with power, beards with Islamic traditionalism, and lack of facial hair with more liberal, secular tendencies.", "Moustache __knowledge__ In Islam, trimming the moustache is considered to be a sunnah and mustahabb, that is, a way of life that is recommended, especially among Sunni Muslims.", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ Sharon Anne Mitchell (also Watts and Rickman) is a fictional character from the BBC One soap opera \"EastEnders\", played by Letitia Dean.", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ Sharon is one of \"EastEnders\" original characters, appearing in the first episode broadcast on 19 February 1985.", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ The character was conceptualised by Tony Holland and Julia Smith, the creators of \"EastEnders\".", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ Sharon was a teenager when the programme began: the adoptive daughter of Den and Angie Watts.", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ Sharon remained a prominent character into the 1990s due to romantic pairings with brothers Grant (Ross Kemp) and Phil Mitchell (Steve McFadden).", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ In a long-running storyline dubbed \"Sharongate\", Sharon, married to Grant, has an affair with Phil.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Toyah Willcox __knowledge__ Toyah Ann Willcox (born 18 May 1958) is an English singer and actress.", "Toyah Willcox __knowledge__ In a career spanning more than thirty years, Willcox has had 8 Top 40 singles, released over 20 albums, written two books, appeared in over forty stage plays and ten feature films, and voiced and presented numerous television shows.", "Toyah Willcox __knowledge__ Between 1977 and 1983 she fronted the band Toyah, before embarking on a solo career in the mid-1980s.", "Toyah Willcox __knowledge__ Her biggest hits include \"It's a Mystery\", \"Thunder in the Mountains\" and \"I Want to Be Free\".", "Toyah Willcox __knowledge__ Willcox was born in Kings Heath, Birmingham.", "Toyah Willcox __knowledge__ Her father Beric Willcox ran a successful joinery business and owned three factories.", "Culturally relevant teaching __knowledge__ Culturally relevant or responsive teaching is a pedagogy grounded in teachers' displaying cultural competence: skill at teaching in a cross-cultural or multicultural setting.", "Culturally relevant teaching __knowledge__ They enable each student to relate course content to his or her cultural context.", "Culturally relevant teaching __knowledge__ While the term culturally relevant teaching often deals specifically with instruction of African American students in the United States, it has been proven to be an effective form of pedagogy for students of all racial and ethnic backgrounds.", "Culturally relevant teaching __knowledge__ For instance, in Canada, research reflects the need to bridge the gap between traditional Aboriginal education and Western education systems by including spirituality in Aboriginal educational practices.", "Brian Eno __knowledge__ Brian Peter George St John le Baptiste de la Salle Eno, RDI (; born 15 May 1948 and originally christened Brian Peter George Eno) is an English musician, composer, record producer, singer, writer, and visual artist.", "Brian Eno __knowledge__ He is best known for his pioneering work in ambient music and contributions to rock, pop, electronic, and generative music.", "Brian Eno __knowledge__ A self-described \"non-musician\", Eno has helped to introduce a variety of unique conceptual approaches and recording techniques into contemporary music, advocating a methodology of \"theory over practice\" throughout his career.", "Brian Eno __knowledge__ He has been described as one of popular music's most influential and innovative figures.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton, the nominee of the Democratic Party for president of the United States in 2016, has taken positions on political issues while serving as First Lady of Arkansas (1979–81; 1983–92), First Lady of the United States (1993–2001); as U.S.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Senator from New York (2001–2009); and serving as the United States Secretary of State (2009–2013).", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In accordance with longstanding custom, during her time as Secretary of State she largely avoided taking stances on most domestic political issues.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In 2015, she announced her candidacy for the presidency.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Clinton won the Democratic primaries and formally became the party's nominee at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ Ethnomusicology is the study of music from the cultural and social aspects of the people who make it.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ It encompasses distinct theoretical and methodical approaches that emphasize cultural, social, material, cognitive, biological, and other dimensions or contexts of musical behavior, instead of only its isolated sound component.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ The term \"ethnomusicology\" is said to have been first coined by Jaap Kunst from the Greek words ἔθνος (\"ethnos\", \"nation\") and μουσική (\"mousike\", \"music\"), is often defined as the anthropology or ethnography of music, or as musical anthropology.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ During its early development from comparative musicology in the 1950s, ethnomusicology was primarily oriented toward non-Western music, but for several decades has included the study of all and any musics of the world (including Western art music and popular music) from anthropological, sociological and intercultural perspectives.", "Comparative mythology __knowledge__ Comparative mythology is the comparison of myths from different cultures in an attempt to identify shared themes and characteristics.", "Comparative mythology __knowledge__ Comparative mythology has served a variety of academic purposes.", "Comparative mythology __knowledge__ For example, scholars have used the relationships between different myths to trace the development of religions and cultures, to propose common origins for myths from different cultures, and to support various psychological theories.", "Comparative mythology __knowledge__ The anthropologist C. Scott Littleton defined comparative mythology as \"the systematic comparison of myths and mythic themes drawn from a wide variety of cultures\".", "Comparative mythology __knowledge__ By comparing different cultures' mythologies, scholars try to identify underlying similarities and/or to reconstruct a \"protomythology\" from which those mythologies developed.", "Cross-cultural communication __knowledge__ Cross-cultural communication is a field of study that looks at how people from differing cultural backgrounds communicate, in similar and different ways among themselves, and how they endeavour to communicate across cultures.", "Cross-cultural communication __knowledge__ Intercultural communication is a related field of study.", "Cross-cultural communication __knowledge__ During the Cold War, the economy of the United States was largely self-contained because the world was polarized into two separate and competing powers: the East and the West.", "Cross-cultural communication __knowledge__ However, changes and advancements in economic relationships, political systems, and technological options began to break down old cultural barriers.", "Culture and positive psychology __knowledge__ Cultural differences can interact with positive psychology to create great variation, potentially impacting positive psychology interventions.", "Culture and positive psychology __knowledge__ Culture influences how people seek psychological help, their definitions of social structure, and coping strategies.", "Culture and positive psychology __knowledge__ Research shows that cultural factors affect notions of perceived happiness.", "Culture and positive psychology __knowledge__ The current general literature discusses positive psychology into two categories: Western and Eastern.", "Culture and positive psychology __knowledge__ Cultural psychologist Richard Shweder argues that these factors help shape what people deem is good, moral, and virtuous.", "Culture and positive psychology __knowledge__ Westerners seek rewards on more of a physical plane, while Easterners seek to transcend the physical plane to a spiritual one.", "Beard __knowledge__ A beard is the collection of hair that grows on the chin and cheeks of humans and some animals.", "Beard __knowledge__ In humans, usually only pubescent or adult males are able to grow beards.", "Beard __knowledge__ From an evolutionary viewpoint the beard is a part of the broader category of androgenic hair.", "Beard __knowledge__ It is a vestigial trait from a time when humans had hair on their face and entire body like the hair on gorillas.", "Beard __knowledge__ The evolutionary loss of hair is pronounced in some populations such as indigenous Americans and some east Asian populations, who have less facial hair, whereas people of European or South Asian ancestry and the Ainu have more facial hair.", "Multicultural education __knowledge__ Multicultural education is a set of strategies and materials in education that were developed to assist teachers when responding to the many issues created by the rapidly changing demographics of their students.", "Multicultural education __knowledge__ It provides students with knowledge about the histories, cultures, and contributions of diverse groups; it assumes that the future society is pluralistic.", "Multicultural education __knowledge__ It draws on insights from a number of different fields, including ethnic studies and women studies, but also reinterprets content from related academic disciplines.", "Multicultural education __knowledge__ Multicultural education, also viewed as a way of teaching, promotes principles such as inclusion, diversity, democracy, skill acquisition, inquiry, critical thought, value of perspectives, and self-reflection." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Moustache __knowledge__ A moustache (; , ) is facial hair grown on the upper lip.", "Moustache __knowledge__ Moustaches can be groomed by trimming and styling with a type of pomade called moustache wax.", "Moustache __knowledge__ The word \"moustache\" is French, and is derived from the Italian \"moustacio\" (fourteenth century), dialectal \"mostaccio\" (16th century), from Medieval Latin \"moustaccium\" (eighth century), Medieval Greek μοστάκιον (\"moustakion\"), attested in the ninth century, which ultimately originates as a diminutive of Hellenistic Greek μύσταξ (\"mustax\", \"mustak-\"), meaning \"upper lip\" or \"facial hair\", probably derived from Hellenistic Greek μύλλον (\"mullon\"), \"lip\".", "Moustache __knowledge__ Shaving with stone razors was technologically possible from Neolithic times.", "Moustache __knowledge__ A mustache is depicted on a statue of the 4th Dynasty Egyptian prince Rahotep (c. 2550 BC).", "Moustache __knowledge__ Another ancient portrait showing a shaved man with a moustache is an ancient Iranian (Scythian) horseman from 300 BC.", "Moustache __knowledge__ Various cultures have developed different associations with moustaches.", "Moustache __knowledge__ For example, in many 20th-century Arab countries, moustaches are associated with power, beards with Islamic traditionalism, and lack of facial hair with more liberal, secular tendencies.", "Moustache __knowledge__ In Islam, trimming the moustache is considered to be a sunnah and mustahabb, that is, a way of life that is recommended, especially among Sunni Muslims.", "John Layfield __knowledge__ John Charles Layfield (born November 29, 1966), better known by the ring name John \"Bradshaw\" Layfield (abbreviated JBL), is an American color commentator and retired professional wrestler and formerly part of the broadcast team on \"SmackDown\" and pay-per-view events.", "John Layfield __knowledge__ He also is a regular panelist on the Saturday morning Fox News show \"Bulls & Bears\".", "John Layfield __knowledge__ Outside of his WWE work, Layfield is a financial analyst for Fox News.", "John Layfield __knowledge__ Within WWE, he was previously known by the ring name Bradshaw, and prior to that, the variations Justin Bradshaw and Blackjack Bradshaw (as half of The New Blackjacks with Blackjack Windham).", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Modern didgeridoo designs __knowledge__ Modern didgeridoo designs are distinct from the traditional Australian Aboriginal didgeridoo, and are innovations recognized by musicologists.", "Modern didgeridoo designs __knowledge__ Didgeridoo design innovation started in the late 20th century using non-traditional materials and non-traditional shapes.", "Modern didgeridoo designs __knowledge__ The design changes include features that are similar to more familiar musical instruments like the trombone and natural horn.", "Modern didgeridoo designs __knowledge__ The modern didgeridoo design innovations differ from traditional authentic digeridoos because they are not made by Indigenous Australians in a traditional style and do not use eucalyptus branches hollowed by termites.", "Bicycle handlebar __knowledge__ A bicycle handlebar or bicycle handlebars is the steering control for bicycles; it is the equivalent of a steering wheel for vehicles and vessels.", "Bicycle handlebar __knowledge__ Besides steering, handlebars also often support a portion of the rider's weight, depending on their riding position, and provide a convenient mounting place for brake levers, shift levers, cyclocomputers, bells, etc.", "Bicycle handlebar __knowledge__ Handlebars are attached to a bike's stem which in turn attaches to the fork.", "Bicycle handlebar __knowledge__ The dandy horse, or draisienne, invented by Karl von Drais and the first vehicle with two wheels arranged in tandem, was controlled by a bar connected to the front steering mechanism and held by the riders' two hands.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "List of Daredevil characters __knowledge__ \"Daredevil\" is an American web television series created for Netflix by Drew Goddard, based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name.", "List of Daredevil characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films of the franchise, and is the first in a series of shows that will lead up to a Defenders crossover miniseries.", "List of Daredevil characters __knowledge__ The series stars Charlie Cox as Matt Murdock / Daredevil, as well as Deborah Ann Woll, Elden Henson, Rosario Dawson, and Vincent D'Onofrio.", "List of Daredevil characters __knowledge__ Toby Leonard Moore, Vondie Curtis-Hall, Bob Gunton, and Ayelet Zurer join them for the first season, while Jon Bernthal, Élodie Yung, and Stephen Rider join them for the second.", "Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries __knowledge__ The Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries, or Jewish exodus from Arab countries, was the departure, flight, expulsion, evacuation and migration of 850,000 Jews, primarily of Sephardi and Mizrahi background, from Arab and Muslim countries, mainly from 1948 to the early 1970s.", "Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries __knowledge__ The last major migration wave took place from Iran in 1979–80, as a consequence of the Islamic Revolution.", "Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries __knowledge__ A number of small-scale Jewish exoduses began in many Middle Eastern countries early in the 20th century with the only substantial aliyah coming from Yemen and Syria.", "Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries __knowledge__ Prior to the creation of Israel in 1948, approximately 800,000 Jews were living in lands that now make up the Arab world.", "Arab world __knowledge__ The Arab world ( '; formally: Arab homeland, '), also known as the Arab nation ( ') or the Arab states, currently consists of the 22 Arab countries of the Arab League.", "Arab world __knowledge__ These Arab states occupy an area stretching from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Arabian Sea in the east, and from the Mediterranean Sea in the north to the Horn of Africa and the Indian Ocean in the southeast.", "Arab world __knowledge__ The contemporary Arab world has a combined population of around 422 million inhabitants, over half of whom are under 25 years of age.", "Arab world __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, the Arab world was synonymous with the historic Arab empires and caliphates.", "Arabs __knowledge__ Arabs (; , ) are a population inhabiting the Arab world.", "Arabs __knowledge__ They primarily live in the Arab states in Western Asia, North Africa, the Horn of Africa and western Indian Ocean islands.", "Arabs __knowledge__ They also form a significant diaspora, with Arab communities established around the world.", "Arabs __knowledge__ The Arabs are first mentioned in the mid-ninth century BC as tribal people in eastern and southern Syria, and the north of the Arabian Peninsula.", "Arabs __knowledge__ The Arabs appear to have been under the vassalage of the Neo-Assyrian Empire (911–612 BC), and the succeeding Neo-Babylonian (626–539 BC), Achaemenid (539–332 BC), Seleucid and Parthian empires.", "Arab culture __knowledge__ Arab culture is the culture of the Arabs, from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Arabian Sea in the east, and from the Mediterranean Sea.", "Arab culture __knowledge__ Language, literature, gastronomy, art, architecture, music, spirituality, philosophy, mysticism (etc.)", "Arab culture __knowledge__ are all part of the cultural heritage of the Arabs.", "Arab culture __knowledge__ The Arab world is sometimes divided into separate regions including Al-Maghrib Al-Arabi (consisting of Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, and Mauritania), Fertile Crescent (consisting of Iraq, Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, Palestine and Jordan) and the Arabian Peninsula (consisting of south Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Oman and the UAE) and the Arabian Peninsula's Al-Janoub Al-Arabi (consisting of Yemen and Oman).", "General Union of Chambers of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture for Arab Countries __knowledge__ Union of Arab Chambers The decision to establish the General Union of Chambers of Commerce, Industry & Agriculture of the Arab Countries was taken during the first conference held at Alexandria Chamber on May 8, 1951; whereas the Statute of the Union was delivered during the second conference held in Beirut on December 16, 1951 when the announcement of the foundation of the Union took place and which since then has been taking Beirut as the residence of its General Secretariat.", "General Union of Chambers of Commerce, Industry and Agriculture for Arab Countries __knowledge__ The Union is an independent non-governmental, non-profit regional legal entity, where its name was modified to be “Union of Arab Chambers” (UAC) at the 120th Session of the Union’s Council happened in Muscat, Sultanate of Oman on March 26, 2016.", "Foreign relations of Israel __knowledge__ Israel joined the United Nations on 11 May 1949.", "Foreign relations of Israel __knowledge__ Israel maintains diplomatic ties with 159 countries as of March 2017.", "Foreign relations of Israel __knowledge__ Israel maintains full diplomatic relations and open borders with two of its Arab neighbours, Egypt and Jordan, after signing peace treaties in 1979 and 1994 respectively.", "Foreign relations of Israel __knowledge__ The close friendship with the United States has been the linchpin of Israeli foreign policy for decades.", "Foreign relations of Israel __knowledge__ From the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948 until the Iranian Revolution and the fall of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979, Israel and Iran maintained close ties.", "Foreign relations of Israel __knowledge__ Iran was the second Muslim-majority country to recognize Israel as a sovereign nation after Turkey." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Moustache __knowledge__ A moustache (; , ) is facial hair grown on the upper lip.", "Moustache __knowledge__ Moustaches can be groomed by trimming and styling with a type of pomade called moustache wax.", "Moustache __knowledge__ The word \"moustache\" is French, and is derived from the Italian \"moustacio\" (fourteenth century), dialectal \"mostaccio\" (16th century), from Medieval Latin \"moustaccium\" (eighth century), Medieval Greek μοστάκιον (\"moustakion\"), attested in the ninth century, which ultimately originates as a diminutive of Hellenistic Greek μύσταξ (\"mustax\", \"mustak-\"), meaning \"upper lip\" or \"facial hair\", probably derived from Hellenistic Greek μύλλον (\"mullon\"), \"lip\".", "Moustache __knowledge__ Shaving with stone razors was technologically possible from Neolithic times.", "Moustache __knowledge__ A mustache is depicted on a statue of the 4th Dynasty Egyptian prince Rahotep (c. 2550 BC).", "Moustache __knowledge__ Another ancient portrait showing a shaved man with a moustache is an ancient Iranian (Scythian) horseman from 300 BC.", "Moustache __knowledge__ Various cultures have developed different associations with moustaches.", "Moustache __knowledge__ For example, in many 20th-century Arab countries, moustaches are associated with power, beards with Islamic traditionalism, and lack of facial hair with more liberal, secular tendencies.", "Moustache __knowledge__ In Islam, trimming the moustache is considered to be a sunnah and mustahabb, that is, a way of life that is recommended, especially among Sunni Muslims.", "Tom Selleck __knowledge__ Thomas William \"Tom\" Selleck (born January 29, 1945) is an American actor and film producer known for starring as private investigator Thomas Magnum in the television series \"Magnum, P.I.\"", "Tom Selleck __knowledge__ (1980–1988) and Peter Mitchell in \"Three Men and a Baby\" and \"Three Men and a Little Lady\".", "Tom Selleck __knowledge__ Before that, he had a recurring role as Lance White, the favorable and naive partner of Jim Rockford (played by James Garner) on \"The Rockford Files\".", "Tom Selleck __knowledge__ He plays Police Chief Jesse Stone in a series of made-for-TV movies based on Robert B. Parker novels.", "Tom Selleck __knowledge__ Since 2010, he has been a primary cast member as NYPD Commissioner Frank Reagan in the drama \"Blue Bloods\" on CBS.", "Mr. Baseball __knowledge__ Mr.", "Mr. Baseball __knowledge__ Baseball is a 1992 American sports comedy film directed by Fred Schepisi, starring Tom Selleck, Ken Takakura, Dennis Haysbert, and Aya Takanashi.", "Mr. Baseball __knowledge__ It depicts a tumultuous season in the career of veteran New York Yankees first baseman Jack Elliot, who is traded to the Chunichi Dragons of the Japanese Central League during Spring Training, and forced to contend with overwhelming expectations and cultural differences during the Dragons' run at the pennant.", "Mr. Baseball __knowledge__ Jack Elliot is an aging American baseball player unsuspectingly put on the trading block during Spring Training in 1992 by the New York Yankees in favor of \"rookie phenom\" first baseman Ricky Davis (played by Hall of Famer Frank Thomas), and there's only one taker: the Nagoya Chunichi Dragons of Japan's Nippon Professional Baseball.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Various characters appeared in the sitcom \"Friends\", which aired for ten seasons on NBC from 1994 to 2004.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ It featured six main cast members: Rachel Green (Jennifer Aniston), Phoebe Buffay (Lisa Kudrow), Joey Tribbiani (Matt LeBlanc), Chandler Bing (Matthew Perry), Ross Geller (David Schwimmer) and Monica Geller (Courteney Cox).", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Many celebrities guest starred on the series throughout its ten-year run.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ The main cast members were familiar to television viewers before their roles on \"Friends\", but were not considered to be stars.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Series creator David Crane wanted all six characters to be equally prominent, and the series was lauded as being \"the first true 'ensemble' show\".", "Jesse Stone (character) __knowledge__ Jesse Stone is the lead character in a series of detective novels written by Robert B. Parker.", "Jesse Stone (character) __knowledge__ They were among his last works, and the first series in which the novelist used the third-person narrative.", "Jesse Stone (character) __knowledge__ The series consists of nine books, starting with \"Night Passage\" (1997) and ending with \"Split Image\" (2010), which Parker completed before his death in January 2010 but did not live to see published.", "Jesse Stone (character) __knowledge__ The series was initially continued by Michael Brandman.", "Jesse Stone (character) __knowledge__ In April 2014, Reed Farrel Coleman assumed the writing of the series.", "Jesse Stone (character) __knowledge__ The novels have been adapted as nine TV films.", "Jesse Stone (character) __knowledge__ The first eight films were commissioned by CBS, and aired from 2005 to 2012.", "Runaway (1984 film) __knowledge__ Runaway is a 1984 American science fiction action film written and directed by Michael Crichton, starring Tom Selleck, Gene Simmons, Cynthia Rhodes and Kirstie Alley.", "Runaway (1984 film) __knowledge__ Selleck portrays a police officer assigned to track down dangerous robots, while Simmons is a scientist who hopes to profit from his malevolent manipulation of robots.", "Runaway (1984 film) __knowledge__ The film was a box office disappointment and earned mixed to negative reviews.", "Runaway (1984 film) __knowledge__ In the near future, robots are commonplace—a part of everyday life like any other electrical appliance—and are just as prone to malfunctions.", "Runaway (1984 film) __knowledge__ When a robot malfunctions, it could pose a threat to people or property.", "Quigley Down Under __knowledge__ Quigley Down Under is a 1990 Australian-American Western film directed by Simon Wincer and starring Tom Selleck, Alan Rickman and Laura San Giacomo.", "Quigley Down Under __knowledge__ Matthew Quigley (Tom Selleck) is an American cowboy and sharpshooter with a specially modified rifle with which he can shoot accurately at extraordinary distances.", "Quigley Down Under __knowledge__ He answers a newspaper advertisement that asks for a man with a special talent in long-distance shooting, using just four words, \"M. Quigley 900 yards,\" written on a copy of the advertisement that is punctured by five closely spaced bullet holes.", "Quigley Down Under __knowledge__ When he arrives in Australia, he gets into a fight with employees of the man who hired him, who are trying to force \"Crazy Cora\" (Laura San Giacomo) onto their wagon.", "Blue Bloods (season 1) __knowledge__ The first season of \"Blue Bloods\", an American police procedural-family drama television series, aired in the United States on CBS between September 24, 2010 to May 13, 2011.", "Blue Bloods (season 1) __knowledge__ The series was created and, along with Leonard Goldberg and Michael Cuesta, executively produced by Robin Green and Mitchell Burgess.", "Blue Bloods (season 1) __knowledge__ The show revolves around the Reagan family, consisting of police officers and a district attorney all working with the New York City Police Department (NYPD).", "Blue Bloods (season 1) __knowledge__ Actors Donnie Wahlberg, Bridget Moynahan, Will Estes, Len Cariou and Tom Selleck make up the main cast as the Reagan family - Danny, Erin, Jamie, Henry and Frank.", "Moustache wax __knowledge__ Moustache wax is a stiff pomade applied to a moustache as a grooming aid to hold the hairs in place, especially at the extremities.", "Moustache wax __knowledge__ The required product strength (or stiffness) is based on whisker length and the desired style.", "Moustache wax __knowledge__ It can also have restorative properties, which become more important as the hair length increases.", "Moustache wax __knowledge__ The wax is usually scented and sometimes pigmented with dyes; high end products utilize various combinations of iron oxide to create darker shades.", "Moustache wax __knowledge__ Generally less than a fingernail of wax is used when applied.", "Moustache wax __knowledge__ More sophisticated recipes may include gum arabic and a soap, scent and colouring may also be added if desired, to either strengthen the hold or for comfort.", "Pomade __knowledge__ Pomade (; French \"pommade\") is a greasy, waxy, or a water-based substance that is used to style hair.", "Pomade __knowledge__ Pomade gives the user's hair a shiny, slick appearance, and does not dry it out.", "Pomade __knowledge__ It lasts longer than most hair care products, often requiring multiple washes to completely remove.", "Pomade __knowledge__ The original pomade of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries consisted mainly of bear fat or lard.", "Pomade __knowledge__ Lanolin, beeswax, and petroleum jelly have been used extensively in the manufacture of modern pomades.", "Pomade __knowledge__ Stiffening properties of pomades make sculptured hairstyles such as the pompadour or quiff possible; while long lasting moisturizing properties make it popular with individuals with Afro-textured hair.", "Moustache cup __knowledge__ The moustache cup (or mustache cup) is a drinking cup with a semicircular ledge inside.", "Moustache cup __knowledge__ The ledge has a half moon-shaped opening to allow the passage of liquids and serves as a guard to keep moustaches dry.", "Moustache cup __knowledge__ It is generally acknowledged to have been invented in the 1860s by British potter Harvey Adams (born 1835).", "Moustache cup __knowledge__ Moustaches flourished throughout the Victorian era.", "Moustache cup __knowledge__ In fact, from 1860 to 1916, the British military actually required all of its soldiers to sport a moustache for the authority it imparted to the moustachioed man.", "Moustache cup __knowledge__ Often, moustache wax was applied to the moustache to keep it stiff, with every hair in place.", "Handlebar moustache __knowledge__ A handlebar moustache is a moustache with particularly lengthy and upwardly curved extremities; a shorter version is named the petit handlebar.", "Handlebar moustache __knowledge__ These moustache styles are named for their resemblance to the handlebars of a bicycle.", "Handlebar moustache __knowledge__ It is also known as a spaghetti moustache, because of its stereotypical association with Italian men.", "Handlebar moustache __knowledge__ The Handlebar Club humorously describes the style as \"a hirsute appendage of the upper lip and with graspable extremities\".", "Handlebar moustache __knowledge__ Similar styles of moustache are quite ancient, appearing on statues and other depictions of Iron Age Celts.", "Handlebar moustache __knowledge__ In the United States, handlebar moustaches were worn in the later part of the 19th century by Wild West figures like Wyatt Earp.", "Petroleum jelly __knowledge__ Petroleum jelly, petrolatum, white petrolatum, soft paraffin/paraffin wax or multi-hydrocarbon, CAS number 8009-03-8, is a semi-solid mixture of hydrocarbons (with carbon numbers mainly higher than 25), originally promoted as a topical ointment for its healing properties.", "Petroleum jelly __knowledge__ After petroleum jelly became a medicine chest staple, consumers began to use it for many ailments, as well as cosmetic purposes, including toenail fungus, genital rashes (non-STD), nosebleeds, diaper rash, and chest colds.", "Petroleum jelly __knowledge__ Its folkloric medicinal value as a \"cure-all\" has since been limited by better scientific understanding of appropriate and inappropriate uses.", "Beeswax __knowledge__ Beeswax (cera alba) is a natural wax produced by honey bees of the genus \"Apis\".", "Beeswax __knowledge__ The wax is formed into \"scales\" by eight wax-producing glands in the abdominal segments of worker bees, who discard it in or at the hive.", "Beeswax __knowledge__ The hive workers collect and use it to form cells for honey-storage and larval and pupal protection within the beehive.", "Beeswax __knowledge__ Chemically, beeswax consists mainly of esters of fatty acids and various long-chain alcohols.", "Beeswax __knowledge__ Beeswax has long-standing applications in human food and flavoring.", "Beeswax __knowledge__ For example, it is used as a glazing agent, a sweetener, or as a light/heat source.", "Beeswax __knowledge__ It is edible, in the sense of having similar negligible toxicity to plant waxes, and is approved for food use in most countries and the European Union under the E number E901." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Moustache __knowledge__ A moustache (; , ) is facial hair grown on the upper lip.", "Moustache __knowledge__ Moustaches can be groomed by trimming and styling with a type of pomade called moustache wax.", "Moustache __knowledge__ The word \"moustache\" is French, and is derived from the Italian \"moustacio\" (fourteenth century), dialectal \"mostaccio\" (16th century), from Medieval Latin \"moustaccium\" (eighth century), Medieval Greek μοστάκιον (\"moustakion\"), attested in the ninth century, which ultimately originates as a diminutive of Hellenistic Greek μύσταξ (\"mustax\", \"mustak-\"), meaning \"upper lip\" or \"facial hair\", probably derived from Hellenistic Greek μύλλον (\"mullon\"), \"lip\".", "Moustache __knowledge__ Shaving with stone razors was technologically possible from Neolithic times.", "Moustache __knowledge__ A mustache is depicted on a statue of the 4th Dynasty Egyptian prince Rahotep (c. 2550 BC).", "Moustache __knowledge__ Another ancient portrait showing a shaved man with a moustache is an ancient Iranian (Scythian) horseman from 300 BC.", "Moustache __knowledge__ Various cultures have developed different associations with moustaches.", "Moustache __knowledge__ For example, in many 20th-century Arab countries, moustaches are associated with power, beards with Islamic traditionalism, and lack of facial hair with more liberal, secular tendencies.", "Moustache __knowledge__ In Islam, trimming the moustache is considered to be a sunnah and mustahabb, that is, a way of life that is recommended, especially among Sunni Muslims.", ".460 Weatherby Magnum __knowledge__ The .460 Weatherby Magnum is a belted, bottlenecked rifle cartridge, developed by Roy Weatherby in 1957.", ".460 Weatherby Magnum __knowledge__ The cartridge is based on the .378 Weatherby Magnum necked up to accept the bullet.", ".460 Weatherby Magnum __knowledge__ The original .378 Weatherby Magnum parent case was inspired by the .416 Rigby.", ".460 Weatherby Magnum __knowledge__ The .460 Weatherby Magnum was designed as an African dangerous game rifle cartridge for the hunting of heavy, thick skinned dangerous game.", ".460 Weatherby Magnum __knowledge__ The .460 Weatherby Magnum was the world's most powerful commercially available sporting cartridge for 29 years until the advent of the .700 Nitro Express by Holland & Holland, London, England, in 1988 developing approximately an average energy of 8,900 foot-pounds (12,100 J) of muzzle energy with a 1,000 gr (65 g) bullet at 2,000 ft/s (610 m/s).", "Broadcast syndication __knowledge__ Broadcasting syndication is the license to broadcast television programs and radio programs by multiple television stations and radio stations, without going through a broadcast network.", "Broadcast syndication __knowledge__ It is common in the United States where broadcast programming is scheduled by television networks with local independent affiliates.", "Broadcast syndication __knowledge__ Syndication is less of a practice in the rest of the world, as most countries have centralized networks or television stations without local affiliates; although less common, shows can be syndicated internationally.", "Broadcast syndication __knowledge__ The three main types of syndication are \"first-run syndication\", which is programming that is broadcast for the first time as a syndicated show and is made specifically to sell directly into syndication; \"off-network syndication\", which is the licensing of a program that was originally run on network TV or, in some cases, first-run syndication (colloquially called a \"rerun\"); and \"public broadcasting syndication\".", "Life of Pi (film) __knowledge__ Life of Pi is a 2012 American survival drama film based on Yann Martel's 2001 novel of the same name.", "Life of Pi (film) __knowledge__ Directed by Ang Lee, the film's adapted screenplay was written by David Magee, and it stars Suraj Sharma, Irrfan Khan, Rafe Spall, Tabu, Adil Hussain, and Gérard Depardieu.", "Life of Pi (film) __knowledge__ The storyline revolves around an Indian man named \"Pi\" Patel, telling a novelist about his life story, and how at 16 he survives a shipwreck in which his family dies, and is adrift in the Pacific Ocean on a lifeboat with a Bengal tiger.", "Life of Pi (film) __knowledge__ The film had its worldwide premiere as the opening film of the 51st New York Film Festival at both the Walter Reade Theater and Alice Tully Hall in New York City on September 28, 2012.", "Sigma Pi __knowledge__ Sigma Pi (ΣΠ) is an international social collegiate fraternity founded in 1897 at Vincennes University.", "Sigma Pi __knowledge__ Sigma Pi Fraternity, International has chartered over 230 chapters with 116 currently active plus 5 additional colonies in the United States and Canada and is headquartered in Lebanon, Tennessee.", "Sigma Pi __knowledge__ Since its inception, the fraternity has initiated more than 100,000 men and has 6,000 undergraduate members.", "Sigma Pi __knowledge__ On January 26, 1897 Charlotte N. Mallote, a professor of Latin and French, spoke to a group of students during chapel hour at Vincennes University about College Fraternities.", "Sigma Pi __knowledge__ One month later on February 26, 1897 a new literary society had its first meeting, founded by Rolin Roscoe James, William Raper Kennedy, George Martin Patterson, and James Thompson Kingsbury.", "Charmed __knowledge__ Charmed is an American television series created by Constance M. Burge and produced by Aaron Spelling and his production company Spelling Television, with Brad Kern serving as showrunner.", "Charmed __knowledge__ The series was originally broadcast by The WB for eight seasons from October 7, 1998, until May 21, 2006.", "Charmed __knowledge__ The series narrative follows a trio of sisters, known as The Charmed Ones, the most powerful good witches of all time, who use their combined \"Power of Three\" to protect innocent lives from evil beings such as demons and warlocks.", "Charmed __knowledge__ Each sister possesses unique magical powers that grow and evolve, while they attempt to maintain normal lives in modern-day San Francisco.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ Television is one of the major mass media of the United States.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ , household ownership of television sets in the country is 96.7%, with approximately 114,200,000 American households owning at least one television set as of August 2013.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ The majority of households have more than one set.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ The peak ownership percentage of households with at least one television set occurred during the 1996–97 season, with 98.4% ownership.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ As a whole, the television networks that broadcast in the United States are the largest and most distributed in the world, and programs produced specifically for U.S.-based networks are the most widely syndicated internationally.", ".300 Winchester Magnum __knowledge__ The .300 Winchester Magnum (also known as .300 Win Mag or 300WM) (7.62×67mm) is a belted, bottlenecked magnum rifle cartridge that was introduced by Winchester Repeating Arms Company in 1963.", ".300 Winchester Magnum __knowledge__ The .300 Winchester Magnum is a magnum cartridge designed to fit in a standard rifle action.", ".300 Winchester Magnum __knowledge__ It is based on the .375 H&H Magnum, which has been blown out, shortened, and necked down to accept a .30 caliber (7.62 mm) bullet.", ".300 Winchester Magnum __knowledge__ The .300 Winchester is extremely versatile and has been adopted by a wide range of users including hunters, target shooters, military units, and law enforcement departments.", ".300 Winchester Magnum __knowledge__ Hunters found the cartridge to be an effective all-around choice with bullet options ranging from the flatter shooting 165 grain to the harder hitting 200+ grain selections available from the factory.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Paradox of the Actor __knowledge__ Paradox of the Actor () is a dramatic essay by Denis Diderot elucidating a theory of acting in which it is argued that great actors do not experience the emotions they are displaying.", "Paradox of the Actor __knowledge__ The essay consists of a dialogue between two speakers in which the first speaker espouses the views of Diderot on acting.", "Paradox of the Actor __knowledge__ The first speaker argues that the great actor is characterized by a complete absence of any feeling; and that the art of the great actor consists of displaying the illusion of feeling.", "Paradox of the Actor __knowledge__ The reason is that if the great actor were to become emotional he would not be able to play the same part in the theater in repeat performances with the same success.", "Richard Burton __knowledge__ Richard Burton, CBE (; born Richard Walter Jenkins Jr.; 10 November 19255 August 1984) was a Welsh actor who was noted for his mellifluous baritone voice.", "Richard Burton __knowledge__ Burton established himself as a formidable Shakespearean actor in the 1950s, and he gave a memorable performance of Hamlet in 1964.", "Richard Burton __knowledge__ He was called \"the natural successor to Olivier\" by critic and dramaturge Kenneth Tynan.", "Richard Burton __knowledge__ An alcoholic, Burton's failure to live up to those expectations disappointed critics and colleagues and fuelled his legend as a great thespian wastrel.", "Richard Burton __knowledge__ Burton was nominated for an Academy Award seven times, but never won an Oscar.", "Rajesh Khanna __knowledge__ Rajesh Khanna ( born Jatin Khanna; 29 December 1942 – 18 July 2012) was an Indian actor, film producer and politician who is known for his work in Hindi cinema.", "Rajesh Khanna __knowledge__ He was referred to as the \"first superstar\" and the \"original superstar\" of Indian cinema.", "Rajesh Khanna __knowledge__ He starred in 15 consecutive solo hit films from 1969 to 1971, still an unbroken record.", "Rajesh Khanna __knowledge__ He did 106 solo hero films of which 97 got released between 1967 and 2013.", "Rajesh Khanna __knowledge__ He acted in only 22 films with multi-star cast.", "Rajesh Khanna __knowledge__ 82 of the 127 films with Khanna as the lead protagonist (of them 117 released and 11 unreleased) were critically acclaimed films with ratings above 4 stars out of 5 by film reviewers of various newspapers unanimously.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ \"Glee\" is a musical comedy-drama television series that aired on Fox in the United States for six seasons from 2009 to 2015.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ It focuses on the high school glee club New Directions competing on the show choir competition circuit, while its members deal with relationships, sexuality and social issues.", "Characters of Glee __knowledge__ The initial main cast encompassed club director and Spanish (later History) teacher Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison), cheerleading coach Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch), guidance counselor Emma Pillsbury (Jayma Mays), Will's wife Terri (Jessalyn Gilsig), and eight club members played by Dianna Agron, Chris Colfer, Kevin McHale, Lea Michele, Cory Monteith, Amber Riley, Mark Salling and Jenna Ushkowitz.", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that first appeared in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" in 2017, by order of first appearance.", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ All characters are introduced by the show's executive producer Sean O'Connor or, from 27 November, his successor as executive consultant, John Yorke.", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ The first character to be introduced was Keegan Baker (Zack Morris), a friend of Shakil Kazemi (Shaheen Jafargholi), followed by Emerald Fox (Doña Croll), the mother of Denise Fox (Diane Parish) and Kim Fox-Hubbard (Tameka Empson).", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ Madison Drake (Seraphina Beh), Alexandra D'Costa (Sydney Craven) and Travis Law-Hughes (Alex James-Phelps), three new teenage characters, were also introduced in January as well as their school teacher Mr Gethin Pryce (Cerith Flinn) and Hugo Browning (Simon Williams), the chairman of Weyland & Co.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Disney/Pixar's \"Toy Story\" franchise which consists of the animated films \"Toy Story\" (1995), \"Toy Story 2\" (1999), and \"Toy Story 3\" (2010) and the animated short films.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ Voiced by: Sheriff Woody Pride is a 1950s old traditional pull string cowboy doll, and Andy's favorite toy.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ Appearing in all three \"Toy Story\" films, he usually acts as the leader of the gang.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ His rivalry with Buzz forms the basis of the plot of the first film.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ In \"Toy Story 2\", he is stolen at a yard sale by a toy collector, causing the other toys to embark on a rescue mission.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ In \"Toy Story 3\" he and the other toys are shipped to a daycare center." ] ]

[ 7, 8, 2, 11, 0 ]

[ "Different cultures have developed different associations with mustaches.", "In many 20th-century Arab countries, a moustache is associated with power.", "I don't know about its meaning or association, but it can be formed with a pomade called moustache wax.", "Yes he is a great actor! I loved him in \"Three Men and a Baby.\"", "I never saw that one. " ]

[ "Moustache", "Moustache", "Moustache", "Moustache", "Moustache" ]

[ "Veganism\nI don't know a lot about veganism. Are you familiar with this style of dieting?", "Did you join this style of eating for diet or for ethical reasons?", "What exactly is environmental veganism? I'm not familiar with this term.", "This is a philosophy that I could subscribe to but I don't believe I could ever give up eating meat. ", "I must admit. I go into denial and do not think about the that \"part\" of the consumption of meat. I just pretend all meat comes from a plastic container at the grocery store." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Another term is \"environmental veganism\", which refers to the avoidance of animal products on the premise that the harvesting or industrial farming of animals is environmentally damaging and unsustainable.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Well-planned vegan diets can reduce the risk of some types of chronic disease, including heart disease.", "Veganism __knowledge__ They are regarded as appropriate for all stages of life including during infancy and pregnancy by the American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the British Dietetic Association.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The German Society for Nutrition does not recommend vegan diets for children, adolescents nor during pregnancy and breastfeeding.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ This article deals with vegetarianism and veganism by country, comparing the prevalence of vegetarianism and veganism in each country when sources are available by the number of vegetarians and vegans, and listing food standards, laws and general cultural attitudes.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ Some countries have strong cultural or religious traditions that promote vegetarianism, such as in India, while in other countries secular ethical concerns dominate, including animal rights and environmental protection, along with health concerns.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ In many countries, food labeling laws make it easier for vegetarians to identify foods compatible with their diets.", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ Animal (De)liberation: Should the Consumption of Animal Products Be Banned?", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ is a 2016 book, written by Jan Deckers and published by Ubiquity Press.", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ The book engages with the work of many scholars who have written on the subject, including Carol Adams, Alasdair Cochrane, Gary Francione, Melanie Joy, Martha Nussbaum, and Peter Singer, as well as with the views of non-specialists, including slaughterhouse workers involved with the film \"Slaughterhouse: The Task of Blood\", released by Century Films in 2005.", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ The key question dealt with in the book is whether the consumption of products derived from the bodies of animals should be banned.", "Vegaphobia __knowledge__ Vegaphobia (or vegephobia) is the aversion to and discrimination against vegetarian and vegan people.", "Vegaphobia __knowledge__ Some of the oldest episodes of aversion can be found in the 3rd and 4th centuries when Greek comedies are written where Pythagoras is despised of his choice of not eating meat.", "Vegaphobia __knowledge__ They then have episodes of persecution of vegetarians in China in the twelfth century as well as in the European medieval, where they were branded as heretics and persecuted by the Holy Inquisition.", "Vegaphobia __knowledge__ These persecutions are also detailed in the essay Pythagora's Supper by Erica Joy Mannucci.", "Vegaphobia __knowledge__ In recent times, Nazi Germany became the protagonist of the vegetarian persecution.", "Body image __knowledge__ Body image is a person's perception of the aesthetics or sexual attractiveness of their own body.", "Body image __knowledge__ The phrase \"body image\" was first coined by the Austrian neurologist and psychoanalyst Paul Schilder in his book \"The Image and Appearance of the Human Body\" (1935).", "Body image __knowledge__ Human society has at all times placed great value on beauty of the human body, but a person's perception of their own body may not correspond to society's standards.", "Body image __knowledge__ The concept of body image is used in a number of disciplines, including psychology, medicine, psychiatry, psychoanalysis, philosophy and cultural and feminist studies.", "Body image __knowledge__ The term is also often used in the media.", "Dieting __knowledge__ Dieting is the practice of eating food in a regulated and supervised fashion to decrease, maintain, or increase body weight.", "Dieting __knowledge__ In other words, it is conscious control or restriction of the diet.", "Dieting __knowledge__ A restricted diet is often used by those who are overweight or obese, sometimes in combination with physical exercise, to reduce body weight.", "Dieting __knowledge__ Some people follow a diet to gain weight (usually in the form of muscle).", "Dieting __knowledge__ Diets can also be used to maintain a stable body weight and improve health.", "Dieting __knowledge__ In particular, diets can be designed to prevent or treat diabetes.", "Dieting __knowledge__ Diets to promote weight loss can be categorized as: low-fat, low-carbohydrate, low-calorie, very low calorie and more recently flexible dieting.", "Social media __knowledge__ Social media are computer-mediated technologies that facilitate the creation and sharing of information, ideas, career interests and other forms of expression via virtual communities and networks.", "Social media __knowledge__ The variety of stand-alone and built-in social media services currently available introduces challenges of definition; however, there are some common features: Users typically access social media services via web-based technologies on desktop, computers, and laptops, or download services that offer social media functionality to their mobile devices (e.g., smartphones and tablet computers).", "Social media __knowledge__ When engaging with these services, users can create highly interactive platforms through which individuals, communities and organizations can share, co-create, discuss, and modify user-generated content or pre-made content posted online." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Another term is \"environmental veganism\", which refers to the avoidance of animal products on the premise that the harvesting or industrial farming of animals is environmentally damaging and unsustainable.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Well-planned vegan diets can reduce the risk of some types of chronic disease, including heart disease.", "Veganism __knowledge__ They are regarded as appropriate for all stages of life including during infancy and pregnancy by the American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the British Dietetic Association.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The German Society for Nutrition does not recommend vegan diets for children, adolescents nor during pregnancy and breastfeeding.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Ethics of eating meat __knowledge__ In most societies the great majority of people eat meat when they can get it, but increasing controversy and debate has arisen over the ethics of eating animals.", "Ethics of eating meat __knowledge__ The most commonly given ethical objection to meat-eating is that, for most people living in the developed world, it is not necessary for survival or health; slaughtering animals solely because people enjoy the taste of meat is argued by some to be wrong and morally unjustifiable.", "Ethics of eating meat __knowledge__ Ethical vegetarians and ethical vegans may also object to the practices underlying the production of meat, or cite their concerns about animal welfare, animal rights, environmental ethics, and religious reasons.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism has its roots in the civilizations of ancient India and ancient Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the theory and practice of voluntary non-consumption of the flesh of any animal (including sea animals), with or without also eschewing other animal derivatives (such as dairy products or eggs).", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The earliest records of vegetarianism as a concept and practice amongst a significant number of people concern ancient India and the ancient Greek civilizations in southern Italy and Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ In both instances the diet was closely connected with the idea of nonviolence toward animals (called \"ahimsa\" in India), and was promoted by religious groups and philosophers.", "Meat __knowledge__ Meat is animal flesh that is eaten as food.", "Meat __knowledge__ Humans have hunted and killed animals for meat since prehistoric times.", "Meat __knowledge__ The advent of civilization allowed the domestication of animals such as chickens, sheep, rabbits, pigs and cattle.", "Meat __knowledge__ This eventually led to their use in meat production on an industrial scale with the aid of slaughterhouses.", "Meat __knowledge__ Meat is mainly composed of water, protein, and fat.", "Meat __knowledge__ It is edible raw, but is normally eaten after it has been cooked and seasoned or processed in a variety of ways.", "Meat __knowledge__ Unprocessed meat will spoil or rot within hours or days as a result of infection with and decomposition by bacteria and fungi.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is strongly linked with a number of religions that originated in ancient India (Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism).", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ In Jainism, vegetarianism is mandatory for everyone; in Hinduism and Mahayana Buddhism, it is advocated by some influential scriptures and religious authorities.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Comparatively, in the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam), the Bahá'í Faith and Dharmic religions such as Sikhism, vegetarianism is not promoted by mainstream authorities, although in all these faiths there are small groups actively promoting vegetarianism on religious grounds.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Most Indian religions have philosophical schools that forbid consumption of meat and Jainism institutes an outright ban on the same.", "Diet (nutrition) __knowledge__ In nutrition, diet is the sum of food consumed by a person or other organism.", "Diet (nutrition) __knowledge__ The word diet often implies the use of specific intake of nutrition for health or weight-management reasons (with the two often being related).", "Diet (nutrition) __knowledge__ Although humans are omnivores, each culture and each person holds some food preferences or some food taboos.", "Diet (nutrition) __knowledge__ This may be due to personal tastes or ethical reasons.", "Diet (nutrition) __knowledge__ Individual dietary choices may be more or less healthy.", "Diet (nutrition) __knowledge__ Complete nutrition requires ingestion and absorption of vitamins, minerals, essential amino acids from protein and essential fatty acids from fat-containing food, also food energy in the form of carbohydrate, protein, and fat.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism is an activist and academic movement which states that all types of oppression are linked and must be eradicated, with a focus on including the domination of humans over nonhuman animals.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Through the feminist concept known as intersectionality, it is recognized that sexism, racism, classism, and other forms of inter human oppression are all connected.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism aims to include the domination of not only the environment but also of nonhuman animals to the list.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism is part of the academic and philosophical field of ecofeminism, which states that the ways in which the privileged dominates the oppressed should include the way humans dominate nature.", "Animal rights __knowledge__ Animal rights is the idea in which some, or all, non-human animals are entitled to the possession of their own lives and that their most basic interests—such as the need to avoid suffering—should be afforded the same consideration as similar interests of human beings.", "Animal rights __knowledge__ Advocates oppose the assignment of moral value and fundamental protections on the basis of species membership alone—an idea known since 1970 as speciesism, when the term was coined by Richard D. Ryder—arguing that it is a prejudice as irrational as any other.", "Animal rights __knowledge__ They maintain that animals should no longer be viewed as property or used as food, clothing, research subjects, entertainment, or beasts of burden.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cat food is food for consumption by cats.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cats have specific requirements for their dietary nutrients.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Certain nutrients, including many vitamins and amino acids, are degraded by the temperatures, pressures and chemical treatments used during manufacture, and hence must be added after manufacture to avoid nutritional deficiency.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The amino acid taurine, for example, which is found in meat, is degraded during processing, so synthetic taurine is normally added afterwards.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Long-term taurine deficiency may result in retinal degeneration, loss of vision, and cardiac arrest.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The idea of preparing specialized food for cats came later than for dogs (see dog biscuits and dog food)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Another term is \"environmental veganism\", which refers to the avoidance of animal products on the premise that the harvesting or industrial farming of animals is environmentally damaging and unsustainable.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Well-planned vegan diets can reduce the risk of some types of chronic disease, including heart disease.", "Veganism __knowledge__ They are regarded as appropriate for all stages of life including during infancy and pregnancy by the American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the British Dietetic Association.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The German Society for Nutrition does not recommend vegan diets for children, adolescents nor during pregnancy and breastfeeding.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ This article deals with vegetarianism and veganism by country, comparing the prevalence of vegetarianism and veganism in each country when sources are available by the number of vegetarians and vegans, and listing food standards, laws and general cultural attitudes.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ Some countries have strong cultural or religious traditions that promote vegetarianism, such as in India, while in other countries secular ethical concerns dominate, including animal rights and environmental protection, along with health concerns.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ In many countries, food labeling laws make it easier for vegetarians to identify foods compatible with their diets.", "Vegaphobia __knowledge__ Vegaphobia (or vegephobia) is the aversion to and discrimination against vegetarian and vegan people.", "Vegaphobia __knowledge__ Some of the oldest episodes of aversion can be found in the 3rd and 4th centuries when Greek comedies are written where Pythagoras is despised of his choice of not eating meat.", "Vegaphobia __knowledge__ They then have episodes of persecution of vegetarians in China in the twelfth century as well as in the European medieval, where they were branded as heretics and persecuted by the Holy Inquisition.", "Vegaphobia __knowledge__ These persecutions are also detailed in the essay Pythagora's Supper by Erica Joy Mannucci.", "Vegaphobia __knowledge__ In recent times, Nazi Germany became the protagonist of the vegetarian persecution.", "Carnage (2017 film) __knowledge__ Carnage is a 2017 mockumentary directed by Simon Amstell.", "Carnage (2017 film) __knowledge__ Set in the year 2067, when veganism is the norm, the film looks back on meat-eating today.", "Carnage (2017 film) __knowledge__ It premiered on BBC iPlayer.", "Carnage (2017 film) __knowledge__ Set in 2067, the narrator tells how the world is a happier place, as carnism is banned and veganism prevails.", "Carnage (2017 film) __knowledge__ The youth express their disbelief on how people could have ever killed and eaten animals.", "Carnage (2017 film) __knowledge__ Dr. Yasmine Vondenburgen, a psychotherapist, holds support sessions for former carnists to lift the guilt of carnism.", "Carnage (2017 film) __knowledge__ In one session, Davina breaks down after naming Edam as a cheese she once ate.", "Carnage (2017 film) __knowledge__ The film goes back to 1944, to the establishment of The Vegan Society, and rationing of meat due to war, which ends in 1954.", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ Animal (De)liberation: Should the Consumption of Animal Products Be Banned?", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ is a 2016 book, written by Jan Deckers and published by Ubiquity Press.", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ The book engages with the work of many scholars who have written on the subject, including Carol Adams, Alasdair Cochrane, Gary Francione, Melanie Joy, Martha Nussbaum, and Peter Singer, as well as with the views of non-specialists, including slaughterhouse workers involved with the film \"Slaughterhouse: The Task of Blood\", released by Century Films in 2005.", "Animal (De)liberation __knowledge__ The key question dealt with in the book is whether the consumption of products derived from the bodies of animals should be banned.", "Christian vegetarianism __knowledge__ Christian vegetarianism is a Christian practice based on effecting the compassionate teachings of Jesus, the twelve apostles, and the early church to all sentient or living beings through vegetarianism or, ideally, veganism.", "Christian vegetarianism __knowledge__ Alternatively, Christians may be vegetarian for ethical, environmental, nutritional, or other spiritual reasons.", "Christian vegetarianism __knowledge__ Various church founders have recommended vegetarianism, such as William Cowherd from the Bible Christian Church and Ellen G. White from the Seventh-day Adventists.", "Christian vegetarianism __knowledge__ Cowherd, who founded the Bible Christian Church in 1809, helped to establish the world's first Vegetarian Society in 1847.", "Straight edge __knowledge__ Straight edge (sometimes abbreviated sXe or signified by XXX or X) is a subculture of hardcore punk whose adherents refrain from using alcohol, tobacco and other recreational drugs, in reaction to the excesses of punk subculture.", "Straight edge __knowledge__ For some, this extends to refraining from engaging in promiscuous sex, following a vegetarian or vegan diet or not using caffeine or prescription drugs.", "Straight edge __knowledge__ The term \"straight edge\" was adopted from the 1981 song \"Straight Edge\" by the hardcore punk band Minor Threat.", "Straight edge __knowledge__ Straight edge emerged amid the early-1980s hardcore punk scene.", "Straight edge __knowledge__ Since then, a wide variety of beliefs and ideas have been associated with some members of the movement, including vegetarianism and animal rights.", "Ethics of eating meat __knowledge__ In most societies the great majority of people eat meat when they can get it, but increasing controversy and debate has arisen over the ethics of eating animals.", "Ethics of eating meat __knowledge__ The most commonly given ethical objection to meat-eating is that, for most people living in the developed world, it is not necessary for survival or health; slaughtering animals solely because people enjoy the taste of meat is argued by some to be wrong and morally unjustifiable.", "Ethics of eating meat __knowledge__ Ethical vegetarians and ethical vegans may also object to the practices underlying the production of meat, or cite their concerns about animal welfare, animal rights, environmental ethics, and religious reasons.", "2010 Chile earthquake __knowledge__ The 2010 Chile earthquake () occurred off the coast of central Chile on Saturday, 27 February at 03:34 local time (06:34 UTC), having a magnitude of 8.8 on the moment magnitude scale, with intense shaking lasting for about three minutes.", "2010 Chile earthquake __knowledge__ It was felt strongly in six Chilean regions (from Valparaíso in the north to Araucanía in the south), that together make up about 80 percent of the country's population.", "2010 Chile earthquake __knowledge__ According to the United States Geological Survey (USGS) the cities experiencing the strongest shaking—VIII (\"Severe\") on the Mercalli intensity scale (MM)—were Concepción, Arauco and Coronel.", "2010 Chile earthquake __knowledge__ According to Chile's Seismological Service Concepción experienced the strongest shaking at MM IX (\"Violent\").", "Biobío River __knowledge__ The Biobío River (also known as Bío Bío or Bio-Bio) is the second largest river in Chile.", "Biobío River __knowledge__ It originates from Icalma and Galletué lakes in the Andes and flows 380 km to the Gulf of Arauco on the Pacific Ocean.", "Biobío River __knowledge__ The major tributaries of the river are the Malleco and the Laja.", "Biobío River __knowledge__ The river is Chile's second-longest river (the longest being Loa River) and Biobío basin is Chile's third largest watershed, after Loa and Baker basins.", "Biobío River __knowledge__ The river is also the widest river in Chile, with an average width of 1 km.", "Biobío River __knowledge__ In the Metropolitan area of Concepción, the river is crossed by four bridges: Biobío Railroad Bridge (1889), Biobío Bridge (1942), Juan Pablo II Bridge (1973) and Llacolén Bridge (2000).", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism is an activist and academic movement which states that all types of oppression are linked and must be eradicated, with a focus on including the domination of humans over nonhuman animals.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Through the feminist concept known as intersectionality, it is recognized that sexism, racism, classism, and other forms of inter human oppression are all connected.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism aims to include the domination of not only the environment but also of nonhuman animals to the list.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism is part of the academic and philosophical field of ecofeminism, which states that the ways in which the privileged dominates the oppressed should include the way humans dominate nature.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Another term is \"environmental veganism\", which refers to the avoidance of animal products on the premise that the harvesting or industrial farming of animals is environmentally damaging and unsustainable.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Well-planned vegan diets can reduce the risk of some types of chronic disease, including heart disease.", "Veganism __knowledge__ They are regarded as appropriate for all stages of life including during infancy and pregnancy by the American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the British Dietetic Association.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The German Society for Nutrition does not recommend vegan diets for children, adolescents nor during pregnancy and breastfeeding.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Psychology of eating meat __knowledge__ The psychology of eating meat is a complex area of study illustrating the confluence of morality, emotions, cognition, and personality characteristics.", "Psychology of eating meat __knowledge__ Research into the psychological and cultural factors of meat eating suggests correlations with masculinity; support for hierarchical values; and reduced openness to experience.", "Psychology of eating meat __knowledge__ Because meat eating is widely practiced but is sometimes associated with ambivalence, it has been used as a case study in moral psychology to illustrate theories of cognitive dissonance and moral disengagement.", "Psychology of eating meat __knowledge__ Research into the consumer psychology of meat is relevant both to meat industry marketing and to advocates of reduced meat consumption.", "Ethics of eating meat __knowledge__ In most societies the great majority of people eat meat when they can get it, but increasing controversy and debate has arisen over the ethics of eating animals.", "Ethics of eating meat __knowledge__ The most commonly given ethical objection to meat-eating is that, for most people living in the developed world, it is not necessary for survival or health; slaughtering animals solely because people enjoy the taste of meat is argued by some to be wrong and morally unjustifiable.", "Ethics of eating meat __knowledge__ Ethical vegetarians and ethical vegans may also object to the practices underlying the production of meat, or cite their concerns about animal welfare, animal rights, environmental ethics, and religious reasons.", "Milk and meat in Jewish law __knowledge__ Mixtures of milk and meat (, \"basar bechalav\", literally \"meat in milk\") are prohibited according to \"Jewish law\".", "Milk and meat in Jewish law __knowledge__ This dietary law, basic to kashrut, is based on two verses in the Book of Exodus, which forbid \"boiling a (kid) goat in its mother's milk\" and a third repetition of this prohibition in Deuteronomy.", "Milk and meat in Jewish law __knowledge__ Some claim the Biblical statement was referring to sebum (חֵלֶב) and not milk (חָלָב).", "Milk and meat in Jewish law __knowledge__ According to the Talmud, these three almost identical references are the basis for three distinct dietary laws: There are three categories of Kosher food – Meat, Dairy and Parve.", "Milk and meat in Jewish law __knowledge__ Haimes disagrees with this law on the grounds that the Torah only mentions not to boil a young goat in it's mother's milk.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is strongly linked with a number of religions that originated in ancient India (Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism).", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ In Jainism, vegetarianism is mandatory for everyone; in Hinduism and Mahayana Buddhism, it is advocated by some influential scriptures and religious authorities.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Comparatively, in the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam), the Bahá'í Faith and Dharmic religions such as Sikhism, vegetarianism is not promoted by mainstream authorities, although in all these faiths there are small groups actively promoting vegetarianism on religious grounds.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Most Indian religions have philosophical schools that forbid consumption of meat and Jainism institutes an outright ban on the same.", "Diet in Hinduism __knowledge__ Diet in Hinduism varies with its diverse traditions.", "Diet in Hinduism __knowledge__ The ancient and medieval Hindu texts do not explicitly prohibit eating meat, but they do strongly recommend ahimsa—non-violence against all life forms including animals.", "Diet in Hinduism __knowledge__ Many Hindus prefer a vegetarian or lacto-vegetarian lifestyle, and methods of food production that are in sync with nature, compassionate, and respectful of other life forms as well as nature.", "Diet in Hinduism __knowledge__ The diet of Hindus usually does not include eggs, fish or meat.", "Diet in Hinduism __knowledge__ However, if included, Hindus often favor \"jhatka\" (quick death) style preparation of meat since Hindus believe that this method minimizes trauma and suffering to the animal.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Some people abstain from consuming various foods and beverages in conformity with various religious, cultural, legal or other societal prohibitions.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Many of these prohibitions constitute taboos.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Many food taboos and other prohibitions forbid the meat of a particular animal, including mammals, rodents, reptiles, amphibians, fish, molluscs, crustaceans and insects, which may relate to a disgust response being more often associated with meats than plant-based foods.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Some prohibitions are specific to a particular part or excretion of an animal, while others forgo the consumption of plants or fungi.", "Intensive animal farming __knowledge__ Intensive animal farming or industrial livestock production, also colloquially known as factory farming, is a production approach towards farm animals in order to maximize production output, while minimizing production costs.", "Intensive animal farming __knowledge__ Intensive farming refers to animal husbandry, the keeping of livestock such as cattle, poultry, and fish at higher stocking densities than is usually the case with other forms of animal agriculture—a practice typical in industrial farming by agribusinesses.", "Intensive animal farming __knowledge__ The main products of this industry are meat, milk and eggs for human consumption.", "Intensive animal farming __knowledge__ There are issues regarding whether factory farming is sustainable or ethical.", "Animal welfare in the United States __knowledge__ Animal welfare in the United States relates to the treatment of non-human animals in fields such as agriculture, hunting, medical testing and the domestic ownership of animals.", "Animal welfare in the United States __knowledge__ It is distinct from animal conservation.", "Animal welfare in the United States __knowledge__ The first known animal welfare laws in North America were regulations against \"Tirranny or Crueltie\" toward domestic animals included in the 1641 Massachusetts Body of Liberties.", "Animal welfare in the United States __knowledge__ Starting in the late 1820s, a number of states passed anti-cruelty statutes.", "Animal welfare in the United States __knowledge__ Many of these exempted animals used in experiments, and only twice were they invoked on behalf of animals.", "Animal welfare in the United States __knowledge__ The first Humane Societies and Societies for the Protection of Animals (SPCAs) were formed starting in the late 1860s to run animal shelters and promote the enforcement of animal cruelty laws.", "Sustainable living __knowledge__ Sustainable living is a lifestyle that attempts to reduce an individual's or society's use of the Earth's natural resources and personal resources.", "Sustainable living __knowledge__ Practitioners of sustainable living often attempt to reduce their carbon footprint by altering methods of transportation, energy consumption, and diet.", "Sustainable living __knowledge__ Proponents of sustainable living aim to conduct their lives in ways that are consistent with sustainability, in natural balance and respectful of humanity's symbiotic relationship with the Earth's natural ecology and cycles.", "Sustainable living __knowledge__ The practice and general philosophy of ecological living is highly interrelated with the overall principles of sustainable development.", "Food __knowledge__ Food is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for an organism.", "Food __knowledge__ It is usually of plant or animal origin, and contains essential nutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, or minerals.", "Food __knowledge__ The substance is ingested by an organism and assimilated by the organism's cells to provide energy, maintain life, or stimulate growth.", "Food __knowledge__ Historically, humans secured food through two methods: hunting and gathering and agriculture.", "Food __knowledge__ Today, the majority of the food energy required by the ever increasing population of the world is supplied by the food industry.", "Food __knowledge__ Food safety and food security are monitored by agencies like the International Association for Food Protection, World Resources Institute, World Food Programme, Food and Agriculture Organization, and International Food Information Council.", "Concentrated animal feeding operation __knowledge__ A concentrated animal feeding operation (CAFO), as defined by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is an animal feeding operation (AFO)—a farm in which animals are raised in confinement—that has over 1000 \"animal units\" confined for over 45 days a year.", "Concentrated animal feeding operation __knowledge__ An animal unit is \"an animal equivalent of 1000 pounds live weight and equates to 1000 head of beef cattle, 700 dairy cows, 2500 swine weighing more than 55 lbs, 125 thousand broiler chickens, or 82 thousand laying hens or pullets\".", "Concentrated animal feeding operation __knowledge__ A CAFO is also an animal feeding operation of any size that discharges its waste into a waterway.", "Concentrated animal feeding operation __knowledge__ As of 2016 there were around 212,000 AFOs in the United States, 19,496 of which were CAFOS.", "Marine shrimp farming __knowledge__ Marine shrimp farming is an aquaculture business for the cultivation of marine shrimp or prawns for human consumption.", "Marine shrimp farming __knowledge__ Although traditional shrimp farming has been carried out in Asia for centuries, large-scale commercial shrimp farming began in the 1970s, and production grew steeply, particularly to match the market demands of the United States, Japan and Western Europe.", "Marine shrimp farming __knowledge__ The total global production of farmed shrimp reached more than 1.6 million tonnes in 2003, representing a value of nearly 9 billion U.S. dollars.", "Marine shrimp farming __knowledge__ About 75% of farmed shrimp is produced in Asia, in particular in China and Thailand." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Another term is \"environmental veganism\", which refers to the avoidance of animal products on the premise that the harvesting or industrial farming of animals is environmentally damaging and unsustainable.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Well-planned vegan diets can reduce the risk of some types of chronic disease, including heart disease.", "Veganism __knowledge__ They are regarded as appropriate for all stages of life including during infancy and pregnancy by the American Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada, and the British Dietetic Association.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The German Society for Nutrition does not recommend vegan diets for children, adolescents nor during pregnancy and breastfeeding.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Dog meat is the flesh and other edible parts derived from dogs.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Historically, human consumption of dog meat has been recorded in many parts of the world, including East and Southeast Asia, West Africa, Europe, Oceania and the Americas.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ In the 21st century, dog meat is consumed in many parts of China, Korea, and Vietnam.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Some cultures view the consumption of dog meat as part of their traditional and day-to-day cuisine, while other cultures consider consumption of dog meat a taboo, although they have been consumed in times of war or other hardships.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ It was estimated in 2014 that worldwide, 25 million dogs are eaten each year by humans.", "Field ration __knowledge__ A field ration, combat ration or ration pack is a canned or pre-packaged meal, easily prepared and eaten, transported by military troops on the battlefield.", "Field ration __knowledge__ They are distinguished from regular military rations by virtue of being designed for minimal preparation in the field, using canned, pre-cooked or freeze-dried foods, powdered beverage mixes and concentrated food bars, as well as for long shelf life.", "Field ration __knowledge__ Such meals also prove invaluable for disaster relief operations, where large stocks of these can be ferried and distributed easily, and provide basic nutritional support to victims before kitchens can be set up to produce fresh food.", "Meat __knowledge__ Meat is animal flesh that is eaten as food.", "Meat __knowledge__ Humans have hunted and killed animals for meat since prehistoric times.", "Meat __knowledge__ The advent of civilization allowed the domestication of animals such as chickens, sheep, rabbits, pigs and cattle.", "Meat __knowledge__ This eventually led to their use in meat production on an industrial scale with the aid of slaughterhouses.", "Meat __knowledge__ Meat is mainly composed of water, protein, and fat.", "Meat __knowledge__ It is edible raw, but is normally eaten after it has been cooked and seasoned or processed in a variety of ways.", "Meat __knowledge__ Unprocessed meat will spoil or rot within hours or days as a result of infection with and decomposition by bacteria and fungi.", "Horse meat __knowledge__ Horse meat is the culinary name for meat cut from a horse.", "Horse meat __knowledge__ It is a major meat in only a few countries, notably in Central Asia, but it forms a significant part of the culinary traditions of many others, from Europe to South America to Asia.", "Horse meat __knowledge__ The top eight countries consume about 4.7 million horses a year.", "Horse meat __knowledge__ For the majority of humanity's early existence, wild horses were hunted as a source of protein.", "Horse meat __knowledge__ It is slightly sweet, tender and low in fat.", "Horse meat __knowledge__ Because of the role horses have played as companions and as workers, and ensuing concerns about the ethics of the horse slaughter process, it is a taboo food in some cultures, for example the Romani, whose culture contains a rich history of equine husbandry.", "Jif (lemon juice) __knowledge__ Jif is a brand of natural strength lemon juice prepared using lemon juice concentrate and water, whereby the concentrate is reconstituted using water.", "Jif (lemon juice) __knowledge__ After reconstitution, it is packaged and marketed.", "Jif (lemon juice) __knowledge__ It is sold in the United Kingdom and Ireland by Unilever.", "Jif (lemon juice) __knowledge__ Jif is used as a flavourant and ingredient in dishes, and as a condiment.", "Jif (lemon juice) __knowledge__ Two tablespoons is around the equivalent of the juice of one lemon.", "Jif (lemon juice) __knowledge__ The product has a shelf life of six months.", "Jif (lemon juice) __knowledge__ Jif is packaged in a squeezable container shaped like a lemon, and in bottles.", "Jif (lemon juice) __knowledge__ Development of the plastic container began in the 1950s, and was one of the original blow moulded containers used for food applications.", "Food desert __knowledge__ A food desert is an area, especially one with low-income residents, that has limited access to affordable and nutritious food.", "Food desert __knowledge__ In contrast, an area with supermarkets or vegetable shops is termed a food oasis.", "Food desert __knowledge__ The term food desert considers the type and quality of food available to the population, in addition to the number, nature, and size of food stores that are accessible.", "Food desert __knowledge__ Food deserts are characterized by a lack of supermarkets which decreases residents’ access to fruits, vegetables and other whole foods.", "Food desert __knowledge__ In 2010, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) reported that 18 million Americans live in a food desert, meaning that they live more than one mile from a supermarket in urban or suburban areas, and more than 10 miles from a supermarket in rural areas.", "Grocery store __knowledge__ A grocery store is a retail store that primarily sells food.", "Grocery store __knowledge__ A grocer is a bulk seller of food.", "Grocery store __knowledge__ Grocery stores often offer non-perishable food that is packaged in bottles, boxes, and cans; some also have bakeries, butchers, delis, and fresh produce.", "Grocery store __knowledge__ Large grocery stores that stock significant amounts of non-food products, such as clothing and household items, are called supermarkets.", "Grocery store __knowledge__ Some large supermarkets also include a pharmacy, and customer service, redemption, and electronics sections.", "Grocery store __knowledge__ In Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States, supermarkets and convenience stores are sometimes described as grocery businesses, or simply grocers.", "Animal welfare __knowledge__ Animal welfare is the well-being of animals.", "Animal welfare __knowledge__ The standards of \"good\" animal welfare vary considerably between different contexts.", "Animal welfare __knowledge__ These standards are under constant review and are debated, created and revised by animal welfare groups, legislators and academics worldwide.", "Animal welfare __knowledge__ Animal welfare science uses various measures, such as longevity, disease, immunosuppression, behavior, physiology, and reproduction, although there is debate about which of these indicators provide the best information.", "Animal welfare __knowledge__ Respect for animal welfare is often based on the belief that non-human animals are sentient and that consideration should be given to their well-being or suffering, especially when they are under the care of humans.", "Animal welfare in the United States __knowledge__ Animal welfare in the United States relates to the treatment of non-human animals in fields such as agriculture, hunting, medical testing and the domestic ownership of animals.", "Animal welfare in the United States __knowledge__ It is distinct from animal conservation.", "Animal welfare in the United States __knowledge__ The first known animal welfare laws in North America were regulations against \"Tirranny or Crueltie\" toward domestic animals included in the 1641 Massachusetts Body of Liberties.", "Animal welfare in the United States __knowledge__ Starting in the late 1820s, a number of states passed anti-cruelty statutes.", "Animal welfare in the United States __knowledge__ Many of these exempted animals used in experiments, and only twice were they invoked on behalf of animals.", "Animal welfare in the United States __knowledge__ The first Humane Societies and Societies for the Protection of Animals (SPCAs) were formed starting in the late 1860s to run animal shelters and promote the enforcement of animal cruelty laws.", "Psychology of eating meat __knowledge__ The psychology of eating meat is a complex area of study illustrating the confluence of morality, emotions, cognition, and personality characteristics.", "Psychology of eating meat __knowledge__ Research into the psychological and cultural factors of meat eating suggests correlations with masculinity; support for hierarchical values; and reduced openness to experience.", "Psychology of eating meat __knowledge__ Because meat eating is widely practiced but is sometimes associated with ambivalence, it has been used as a case study in moral psychology to illustrate theories of cognitive dissonance and moral disengagement.", "Psychology of eating meat __knowledge__ Research into the consumer psychology of meat is relevant both to meat industry marketing and to advocates of reduced meat consumption.", "The Humane Society of the United States __knowledge__ The Humane Society of the United States (HSUS), based in Washington, D.C., is an American nonprofit organization founded by journalist Fred Myers and Helen Jones, Larry Andrews, and Marcia Glaser in 1954, to address what they saw as animal-related cruelties of national scope, and to resolve animal welfare problems by applying strategies beyond the resources or abilities of local organizations.", "The Humane Society of the United States __knowledge__ In 2013, the \"Chronicle of Philanthropy\" identified HSUS as the 136th largest charity in the United States in its Philanthropy 400 listing.", "The Humane Society of the United States __knowledge__ As of 2001, the group's major campaigns targeted five issues: factory farming, animal fighting, the fur trade, puppy mills, and wildlife abuse.", "Detroit Zoo __knowledge__ The Detroit Zoo is located about north of the Detroit city limits at the intersection of Woodward Avenue, 10 Mile Road, and Interstate 696 in Royal Oak and Huntington Woods, Michigan, United States.", "Detroit Zoo __knowledge__ The Detroit Zoological Society (DZS), a non-profit organization, operates both the Detroit Zoo and the Belle Isle Nature Center, located in the city of Detroit.", "Detroit Zoo __knowledge__ The Detroit Zoo is one of Michigan's largest family attractions, hosting more than 1.6 million visitors annually.", "Detroit Zoo __knowledge__ Situated on 125 acres of naturalistic exhibits, it provides a natural habitat for more than 2,000 animals representing 245 species.", "Cruelty to animals __knowledge__ Cruelty to animals, also called animal abuse, animal neglect or animal cruelty, is the infliction by omission (animal neglect) or by commission by humans of suffering or harm upon any non-human animal, regardless of whether the act is against the law.", "Cruelty to animals __knowledge__ More narrowly, it can be the causing of harm or suffering for specific achievement, such as killing animals for food or for their fur; opinions differ about the extent of cruelty associated with a given method of slaughter.", "Cruelty to animals __knowledge__ Cruelty to animals sometimes encompasses inflicting harm or suffering as an end in itself, defined as zoosadism.", "Cruelty to animals __knowledge__ Divergent approaches to laws concerning animal cruelty occur in different jurisdictions throughout the world.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA ; stylized PeTA) is an American animal rights organization based in Norfolk, Virginia, and led by Ingrid Newkirk, its international president.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ A nonprofit corporation with nearly 400 employees, it claims that it has 6.5 million members and supporters, in addition to claiming that it is the largest animal rights group in the world.", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ Its slogan is \"Animals are not ours to eat, wear, experiment on, use for entertainment, or abuse in any other way.\"", "People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals __knowledge__ Founded in March 1980 by Newkirk and fellow animal rights activist Alex Pacheco, the organization first caught the public's attention in the summer of 1981 during what became known as the Silver Spring monkeys case, a widely publicized dispute about experiments conducted on 17 macaque monkeys inside the Institute of Behavioral Research in Silver Spring, Maryland." ] ]

[ 1, 6, 6, 46, 46 ]

[ "Yes! I flirted with it a bit. Basically it's about abstaining from ALL animal products in the diet -- both for health and ethical reasons.", "Partially -- but honestly, I'm torn. I know some very ethical carnivores! I probably aligned more with \"environmental veganism\".", "Basically it's about avoiding animal products because the harvesting or industrial farming of animals is harmful to the environment and unsustainable.", "Well, I'm there with you! I do try to take into account animal welfare scores when buying meat, though. It's not animal conservation, but is an awareness.", "Hey, I understand. It's like the meat just sprang forth like that from the shelves of the grocery store! Just like the other food in bottles, boxes, and cans! ;-)" ]

[ "Veganism", "Veganism", "Veganism", "Veganism", "Veganism" ]

[ "Red hair", "This is very important information! Are either of your parents redheads?", "Let's hope it was the former! Are you or your ancestors from northern Europe?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair (or ginger hair) occurs naturally in 1–2% of the human population.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It occurs more frequently (2–6%) in people of northern or western European ancestry, and less frequently in other populations.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair appears most commonly in people with two copies of a recessive allele on chromosome 16 which produces an altered version of the MC1R protein.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair varies in hues from a deep burgundy or bright copper (reddish-brown or auburn) through to burnt orange or red-orange and strawberry blond.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It is associated with fair skin color, lighter eye colors (gray, blue, green, and hazel), freckles, and sensitivity to ultraviolet light.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Cultural reactions have varied from ridicule to admiration; many common stereotypes exist regarding redheads and they are often portrayed as fiery-tempered.", "Red hair __knowledge__ The term redhead has been in use since at least 1510.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair is most commonly found at the northern and western fringes of Europe; it is centered around populations in the British Isles.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Redheads today are commonly associated with the Celtic nations and to a far lesser extent the Germanic peoples." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair (or ginger hair) occurs naturally in 1–2% of the human population.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It occurs more frequently (2–6%) in people of northern or western European ancestry, and less frequently in other populations.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair appears most commonly in people with two copies of a recessive allele on chromosome 16 which produces an altered version of the MC1R protein.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair varies in hues from a deep burgundy or bright copper (reddish-brown or auburn) through to burnt orange or red-orange and strawberry blond.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It is associated with fair skin color, lighter eye colors (gray, blue, green, and hazel), freckles, and sensitivity to ultraviolet light.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Cultural reactions have varied from ridicule to admiration; many common stereotypes exist regarding redheads and they are often portrayed as fiery-tempered.", "Red hair __knowledge__ The term redhead has been in use since at least 1510.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair is most commonly found at the northern and western fringes of Europe; it is centered around populations in the British Isles.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Redheads today are commonly associated with the Celtic nations and to a far lesser extent the Germanic peoples.", "Redhead (bird) __knowledge__ The redhead (\"Aythya americana\") is a medium-sized diving duck.", "Redhead (bird) __knowledge__ The scientific name is derived from Greek \"aithuia\" an unidentified seabird mentioned by authors including Hesychius and Aristotle, and Latin \"americana\", of America.", "Redhead (bird) __knowledge__ The redhead is long with an wingspan.", "Redhead (bird) __knowledge__ It belongs to the genus Aythya, together with 11 other described species.", "Redhead (bird) __knowledge__ The redhead and the common pochard form a sister group which together is sister to the canvasback.", "Redhead (bird) __knowledge__ The redhead goes by many names, including the red-headed duck and the red-headed pochard.", "Redhead (bird) __knowledge__ This waterfowl is easily distinguished from other ducks by the male’s copper coloured head and bright blue bill during the breeding season.", "Redhead Day __knowledge__ Redhead Day (\"Roodharigendag\" in Dutch) is the name of a Dutch summer festival that takes place each first weekend of September in the city of Breda, in the Netherlands.", "Redhead Day __knowledge__ The two-day festival is a gathering of people with natural red hair, but is also focused on art related to the colour red.", "Redhead Day __knowledge__ Activities during the festival are lectures, workshops and demonstrations which are aimed specifically at red-haired people.", "Redhead Day __knowledge__ The festival attracts attendance from fifty countries and is free of charge due to sponsorship of the local government.", "Redhead Day __knowledge__ To be classified a 'Redhead', each participant must not have altered their original, natural hair colour in any way.", "Skyline Tower __knowledge__ Skyline Tower is a large low-income high rise apartment complex in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States.", "Skyline Tower __knowledge__ The building is also often called St. Anthony Tower, or 1247 St. Anthony.", "Skyline Tower __knowledge__ At it is the largest single HUD-subsidized building in Minnesota, and the 22nd-tallest building in Saint Paul.", "Skyline Tower __knowledge__ With over 500 units it is the largest single-building subsidized housing complex in the U.S. west of Chicago.", "Skyline Tower __knowledge__ The building is run by CommonBond Communities, the largest developer or owner of affordable rental housing in Minnesota.", "Skyline Tower __knowledge__ The nonprofit bought the building in 2000 with the help of U.S. Bank.", "Skyline Tower __knowledge__ The building was previously owned by Skyline Towers Co and managed by Sentinel Management Co. Skyline Tower opened in 1971 as part of HUD's section 236 program.", "Being Ginger __knowledge__ Being Ginger is a 2013 documentary/romantic comedy film directed, produced, and starring Scott P. Harris.", "Being Ginger __knowledge__ It starts off as the filmmaker, an American redhead living in Scotland, goes on a quest to try to find a mythical woman who specifically likes ginger men.", "Being Ginger __knowledge__ Over the course of the film it becomes more about the longterm impact of schoolyard bullying and self-acceptance.", "Being Ginger __knowledge__ The film opens as filmmaker Scott P. Harris explains his unique experience as a redhead.", "Being Ginger __knowledge__ He says he's had many female friends tell him they have a friend who just loves gingers, but he's never met one of them.", "Being Ginger __knowledge__ He takes his camera to the local park to stop women and ask what they think of redheads.", "Renz Valerio __knowledge__ Renz Michael Valerio (born November 10, 1998) in, Antipolo City, Rizal Philippines) also known as Renz Valerio, is a Filipino child actor.", "Renz Valerio __knowledge__ He began acting in a TV commercial when he was 3 years old.", "Renz Valerio __knowledge__ He is under contract of GMA Artist Center.", "Renz Valerio __knowledge__ He took part in the drama series \"Noel\" aired on QTV (now GMA News TV).", "Renz Valerio __knowledge__ In 2007, he joined the main cast of \"Muli\".", "Renz Valerio __knowledge__ Renz started his career as a TV commercial model and gained attention when he appeared in Lady's Choice sandwich spread commercial with the popular tagline \"Isipin mo na lang ham yan!\".", "Renz Valerio __knowledge__ The commercial went viral that it was even spoof in Bubble Gang.", "KWVT-LD __knowledge__ KWVT-LD is a television station licensed to Salem, Oregon, serving the Portland, Oregon metro area.", "KWVT-LD __knowledge__ It broadcasts a digital signal on UHF channel 49 from West Portland.", "KWVT-LD __knowledge__ Operated by Northwest Television, LLC, the call sign KWVT stands for \"Willamette Valley Television\".", "KWVT-LD __knowledge__ The lineup consists of classic television shows and movies, local and international sports and community interest programming, many of these from the Youtoo America network.", "KWVT-LD __knowledge__ Independent producers also develop original programming for KWVT, such as \"Garden Time\", \"Fusion\", \"High Desert Outdoorsman\" and \"Living Culture\", as well as music video shows \"Hard Times\", \"My Hits\" and \"Country Comfort\".", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "List of As Told by Ginger characters __knowledge__ Throughout the various episodes in \"As Told by Ginger\", a number of recurring characters appear.", "List of As Told by Ginger characters __knowledge__ Prominent characters are listed here.", "List of As Told by Ginger characters __knowledge__ Ginger Foutley is an average 14-year-old girl and the main protagonist in the series.", "List of As Told by Ginger characters __knowledge__ She was not considered \"popular\" until Courtney Gripling, the stereotypical \"school diva\", decided to befriend her.", "List of As Told by Ginger characters __knowledge__ Through Ginger, Courtney is able to view how the world works outside of the popular clique.", "List of As Told by Ginger characters __knowledge__ However, Courtney's \"right-hand woman\", Miranda Killgallen, becomes increasingly jealous of Courtney and Ginger's relationship, and stops at nothing to relegate Ginger to her previous role of geek.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "List of Lorien Legacies characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters appearing in the \"Lorien Legacies\" series of young adult science fiction books, written under the pseudonym Pittacus Lore.", "List of Lorien Legacies characters __knowledge__ The Elders were 10 Loric Garde that acted as the protectors and/or politicians of Lorien who had discovered the Phoenix stones, they rewarded Lorien with legacies and chimæra.", "List of Lorien Legacies characters __knowledge__ Originally there were ten Lorien Elders, but due to the Secret Wars; the conflict between the Loric and the Mogadorians, the tenth Elder had supposedly died during this time.", "List of Lorien Legacies characters __knowledge__ There was a prophecy which said that an unknown evil that will destroy and take Lorien by surprise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ This is a list of \"Strawberry Shortcake\" characters.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ There are (at this writing) four distinct continuities in which Strawberry Shortcake's adventures take place: The original, 1980s version, the 2003 reboot, the 2009/2010 reboot and the upcoming 2018 reboot.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Many of Strawberry Shortcake's friends appear in more than one continuity, and their appearance and/or characterization can vary greatly between versions.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Distinct traits will be noted in each of the circas in which a character happens to appear.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Strawberry Shortcake is the protagonist and the title character of \"The World of Strawberry Shortcake\" franchise." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair (or ginger hair) occurs naturally in 1–2% of the human population.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It occurs more frequently (2–6%) in people of northern or western European ancestry, and less frequently in other populations.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair appears most commonly in people with two copies of a recessive allele on chromosome 16 which produces an altered version of the MC1R protein.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair varies in hues from a deep burgundy or bright copper (reddish-brown or auburn) through to burnt orange or red-orange and strawberry blond.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It is associated with fair skin color, lighter eye colors (gray, blue, green, and hazel), freckles, and sensitivity to ultraviolet light.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Cultural reactions have varied from ridicule to admiration; many common stereotypes exist regarding redheads and they are often portrayed as fiery-tempered.", "Red hair __knowledge__ The term redhead has been in use since at least 1510.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair is most commonly found at the northern and western fringes of Europe; it is centered around populations in the British Isles.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Redheads today are commonly associated with the Celtic nations and to a far lesser extent the Germanic peoples.", "Heathenry (new religious movement) __knowledge__ Heathenry, also termed Heathenism or Germanic Neopaganism, is a modern Pagan religion.", "Heathenry (new religious movement) __knowledge__ Scholars of religious studies classify Heathenry as a new religious movement.", "Heathenry (new religious movement) __knowledge__ Its practitioners model their faith on the pre-Christian belief systems adhered to by the Germanic peoples of Iron Age and Early Medieval Europe.", "Heathenry (new religious movement) __knowledge__ To reconstruct these past belief systems, Heathenry uses surviving historical, archaeological, and folkloric evidence as a basis, although approaches to this material vary considerably.", "Heathenry (new religious movement) __knowledge__ Heathenry does not have a unified theology and is typically polytheistic, centering on a pantheon of deities from pre-Christian Germanic Europe.", "History of Lisbon __knowledge__ The history of Lisbon, the capital city of Portugal, revolves around its strategic geographical position at the mouth of the Tagus, the longest river in the Iberian Peninsula.", "History of Lisbon __knowledge__ Its spacious and sheltered natural harbour made the city historically an important seaport for trade between the Mediterranean Sea and northern Europe.", "History of Lisbon __knowledge__ Lisbon has long enjoyed the commercial advantages of its proximity to southern and extreme western Europe, as well as to sub-Saharan Africa and the Americas, and today its waterfront is lined with miles of docks, wharfs, and drydock facilities that accommodate the largest oil tankers.", "Germanic peoples __knowledge__ The Germanic peoples (also called Teutonic, Suebian, or Gothic in older literature) are an Indo-European ethno-linguistic group of Northern European origin.", "Germanic peoples __knowledge__ They are identified by their use of Germanic languages, which diversified out of Proto-Germanic during the Pre-Roman Iron Age.", "Germanic peoples __knowledge__ The term \"Germanic\" originated in classical times when groups of tribes living in Lower, Upper, and Greater Germania were referred to using this label by Roman scribes.", "Germanic peoples __knowledge__ The Roman use of the term \"Germanic\" was not necessarily based upon language, but referred to the tribal groups and alliances that lived in the regions of modern-day Luxembourg, Belgium, Northern France, Alsace, Poland, Austria, the Netherlands and Germany, and which were considered less civilized and more physically hardened than the Celtic Gauls.", "Indo-European migrations __knowledge__ Indo-European migrations were the migrations of pastoral peoples speaking Proto-Indo-European language, who departed from the Yamnaya and related cultures in the Pontic–Caspian steppe, starting at .", "Indo-European migrations __knowledge__ They spread throughout Europe and Asia, forming new cultures with the people they met on their way, including the Corded Ware culture in Northern Europe and the Vedic culture in India.", "Indo-European migrations __knowledge__ Modern knowledge of these migrations is based on data from linguistics, archaeology, anthropology and genetics.", "Indo-European migrations __knowledge__ Linguistics describes the similarities between various languages, and the linguistic laws at play in the changes in those languages.", "History of the Netherlands __knowledge__ The history of the Netherlands is the history of seafaring people thriving on a lowland river delta on the North Sea in northwestern Europe.", "History of the Netherlands __knowledge__ Records begin with the four centuries during which the region formed a militarized border zone of the Roman empire.", "History of the Netherlands __knowledge__ This came under increasing pressure from Germanic peoples moving westwards.", "History of the Netherlands __knowledge__ As Roman power collapsed and the Middle Ages began, three dominant Germanic peoples coalesced in the area, Frisians in the north and coastal areas, Low Saxons in the northeast, and the Franks in the south.", "History of the Netherlands __knowledge__ During the Middle Ages, the descendants of the Carolingian dynasty came to dominate the area and then extended their rule to a large part of Western Europe.", "Early Middle Ages __knowledge__ The Early Middle Ages or Early Medieval Period, typically regarded as lasting from the 5th century CE to about 1000, marked the start of the Middle Ages of European history.", "Early Middle Ages __knowledge__ The Early Middle Ages followed the decline of the Western Roman Empire and preceded the High Middle Ages (c. 10th to 13th centuries).", "Early Middle Ages __knowledge__ The Early Middle Ages largely overlap with Late Antiquity.", "Early Middle Ages __knowledge__ The term \"Late Antiquity\" is used to emphasize elements of continuity with the Roman Empire, while \"Early Middle Ages\" is used to emphasize developments characteristic of the later medieval period.", "Early Middle Ages __knowledge__ The period saw a continuation of trends begun during late classical antiquity, including population decline, especially in urban centres, a decline of trade, and increased immigration.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands had a considerable part in the making of modern society.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands and its people have made numerous seminal contributions to the world's civilization, especially in art, science, technology and engineering, economics and finance, cartography and geography, exploration and navigation, law and jurisprudence, thought and philosophy, medicine, and agriculture.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ Dutch-speaking people, in spite of their relatively small number, have a significant history of invention, innovation, discovery and exploration.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The following list is composed of objects, (largely) unknown lands, breakthrough ideas/concepts, principles, phenomena, processes, methods, techniques, styles etc., that were discovered or invented (or pioneered) by people from the Netherlands and Dutch-speaking people from the former Southern Netherlands (\"Zuid-Nederlanders\" in Dutch).", "Molybdenum ditelluride __knowledge__ Molybdenum(IV) telluride, molybdenum ditelluride or just molybdenum telluride is a compound of molybdenum and tellurium with formula MoTe, corresponding to a mass percentage of 27.32% molybdenum and 72.68% tellurium.", "Molybdenum ditelluride __knowledge__ It can crystallise in two dimensional sheets which can be thinned down to monolayers that are flexible and almost transparent.", "Molybdenum ditelluride __knowledge__ It is a semiconductor, and can fluoresce.", "Molybdenum ditelluride __knowledge__ It is part of a class of materials called transition metal dichalcogenides.", "Molybdenum ditelluride __knowledge__ As a semiconductor the band gap lies in the infrared region.", "Molybdenum ditelluride __knowledge__ This raises the potential use as a semiconductor in electronics or an infrared detector.", "Ashley Mote __knowledge__ Ashley Mote (born 25 January 1936) is a former Member of the European Parliament (MEP) for South East England from 2004 to 2009.", "Ashley Mote __knowledge__ Elected representing the UK Independence Party, he became a non-inscrit one month into his term after UKIP withdrew the whip from him due to investigation into his expenses.", "Ashley Mote __knowledge__ A vociferous critic of fraud in the European Institutions, he himself was convicted of benefit fraud in 2007 for which he served a nine-month prison sentence and was described by the trial judge as \"a truly dishonest man\".", "Ashley Mote __knowledge__ The scandal ignited a debate as to how an MEP could receive a prison sentence, yet keep his seat in the European Parliament; there are moves afoot to review the legislation.", "William Henry Mote __knowledge__ William Henry Mote (1803–1871) was an English stipple and line engraver, primarily known for his portraits.", "William Henry Mote __knowledge__ He produced etchings for reference books, as well as original etchings.", "William Henry Mote __knowledge__ Mote became a member of the Royal Academy in his twenties and his portraits hang in the National Portrait Gallery, London.", "William Henry Mote __knowledge__ Mote was first mentioned in publications as working under the supervision of Charles Heath when he was sixteen or seventeen years old.", "William Henry Mote __knowledge__ He became a member of the Royal Academy when he was roughly twenty eight years old.", "William Henry Mote __knowledge__ He also was one of many engravers to sign a petition addressed to the King and the Royal Academy in 1837 to protest the limitation of engravers to distinction as \"associates\".", "Mote Marine Laboratory __knowledge__ Mote Marine Laboratory is an independent, not-for-profit, marine research organization based on City Island in Sarasota, Florida, with additional campuses in eastern Sarasota County, Boca Grande, Florida, and the Florida Keys.", "Mote Marine Laboratory __knowledge__ Founded in 1955 by Dr. Eugenie Clark in Placida, Florida, it was known as the Cape Haze Marine Laboratory until 1967.", "Mote Marine Laboratory __knowledge__ The Lab aims to advance marine science and education, supporting conservation and sustainable use of marine resources.", "Mote Marine Laboratory __knowledge__ The public Mote Aquarium and associated education program translate Mote research for the public.", "Mote Marine Laboratory __knowledge__ Mote Marine Laboratory, founded by Dr. Eugenie Clark in 1955 in Placida, Florida, was known as Cape Haze Marine Laboratory until its 1967 renaming in honor of major benefactors of the laboratory William R. Mote, his wife Lenore, and his sister, Betty Mote Rose.", "Mote (food) __knowledge__ Mote (from Quechua: \"mut'i\", through Spanish \"mote\") is the generic name for several varieties of corn grains boiled, consumed in many regions of South America.", "Mote (food) __knowledge__ It is usually prepared by boiling the grains in water made alkaline by the addition of ashes or lime, a process known as nixtamalization.", "Mote (food) __knowledge__ In Argentina, mote is consumed primarily in the mountainous northwest region, and less frequently in Cuyo and Patagonia.", "Mote (food) __knowledge__ It is a stew of thin consistency (this is one of the main differences with the soup called locro) made from white hominy, sometimes peeled, and boiled with jume ash.", "Mote (food) __knowledge__ The grains are usually accompanied with small pieces of meat (llama, goat, mutton, beef, pork, poultry and more rarely viscacha and mulita).", "The Mote in God's Eye __knowledge__ The Mote in God's Eye is a science fiction novel by American writers Larry Niven and Jerry Pournelle, first published in 1974.", "The Mote in God's Eye __knowledge__ The story is set in the distant future of Pournelle's CoDominium universe, and charts the first contact between humanity and an alien species.", "The Mote in God's Eye __knowledge__ The title of the novel is a wordplay on the Biblical \"The Mote and the Beam\" parable and is the nickname of a star.", "The Mote in God's Eye __knowledge__ \"The Mote in God's Eye\" was nominated for the Hugo, Nebula and Locus Awards in 1975.", "The Mote in God's Eye __knowledge__ \"The Mote in God's Eye\" (originally titled \"Motelight\") is set in Pournelle's CoDominium universe, where a union of the United States and the Soviet Union produced a world government and a number of colonies in other star systems, followed by nuclear war on Earth and the rise of the First Empire based on the planet Sparta several centuries before the events of the novel.", "Mote Park __knowledge__ Mote Park is a multi-use public park in Maidstone, Kent.", "Mote Park __knowledge__ Previously a country estate it was converted to landscaped park land at the end of the 18th century before becoming a municipal park.", "Mote Park __knowledge__ It includes the former stately home Mote House together with a miniature railway, pitch and putt golf course and a boating lake.", "Mote Park __knowledge__ The park has also been used as a cricket ground for the Kent County Cricket Club.", "Mote Park __knowledge__ The house is set in of garden landscape and consists of 85 houses and apartments.", "Mote Park __knowledge__ The park is maintained by Maidstone Borough Council with support from the Mote Park Fellowship, a group of volunteers." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 7 ]

[ "I need you to know right away that i'm a ginger. My read hair flows. It happens in about 1 to 2 percent of all humans on this earth.", "They are not, but it does accur mote in nothern europeans. I'm not sure if it just skipped a few generations or if my mom cheated on my dad.", "Not at all. From the vikings. Some people in different areas have different view of my red head. Some ridicule while others admire." ]

[ "Red hair", "Red hair", "Red hair" ]

[ "Tennis\ni love tennis", "i'm play tennis with my family", "i like to play more then watch", "yeah they are really good players", "sounds interesting " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tennis __knowledge__ Tennis is a racket sport that can be played individually against a single opponent (singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles).", "Tennis __knowledge__ Each player uses a tennis racket that is strung with cord to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over or around a net and into the opponent's court.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The object of the game is to play the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a valid return.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The player who is unable to return the ball will not gain a point, while the opposite player will.", "Tennis __knowledge__ Tennis is an Olympic sport and is played at all levels of society and at all ages.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The sport can be played by anyone who can hold a racket, including wheelchair users.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The modern game of tennis originated in Birmingham, England, in the late 19th century as lawn tennis.", "Tennis __knowledge__ It had close connections both to various field (lawn) games such as croquet and bowls as well as to the older racket sport today called real tennis.", "Tennis __knowledge__ During most of the 19th century, in fact, the term \"tennis\" referred to real tennis, not lawn tennis: for example, in Disraeli's novel \"Sybil\" (1845), Lord Eugene De Vere announces that he will \"go down to Hampton Court and play tennis.\"", "Tennis __knowledge__ The rules of modern tennis have changed little since the 1890s.", "2016 One Love Tennis Open __knowledge__ The 2016 One Love Tennis Open was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts.", "2016 One Love Tennis Open __knowledge__ It was the 1st edition of the tournament and part of the 2016 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total of $50,000 in prize money.", "2016 One Love Tennis Open __knowledge__ It took place in Atlanta, United States, on 12–18 September 2016.", "2016 One Love Tennis Open __knowledge__ The following player received a wildcard into the singles main draw: The following players received entry from the qualifying draw:", "One Love Tennis Open __knowledge__ The One Love Tennis Open is a tournament for professional female tennis players played on outdoor hard courts.", "One Love Tennis Open __knowledge__ The event is classified as a $50,000 ITF Women's Circuit tournament and has been held in Atlanta, United States, since 2016.", "Lenny Simpson __knowledge__ Lendward Simpson, born September 23, 1948 in Wilmington, NC, is a retired African-American professional tennis player and founder of One Love Tennis, a tennis and academic enrichment program for at-risk kids.", "Lenny Simpson __knowledge__ Simpson was introduced to tennis in 1953 at age 5 at the nearby tennis court of physician, tennis champion and civil rights activist Dr. Hubert A. Eaton by Althea Gibson who lived with the Eatons and was practicing there.. Althea Gibson was the first African-American athlete to cross the color line in international tennis and would go on to become a barrier breaking tennis champion and winner of Wimbledon, US Open and French Open.", "Nick Kyrgios __knowledge__ Nicholas \"Nick\" Hilmy Kyrgios ( ; ; born 27 April 1995) is an Australian professional tennis player who is currently ranked world no.", "Nick Kyrgios __knowledge__ 14 in men's singles by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP).", "Nick Kyrgios __knowledge__ He is currently the highest-ranked Australian in the ATP rankings.", "Nick Kyrgios __knowledge__ Kyrgios has won four ATP Titles, and has reached seven ATP finals, including the 2017 Cincinnati Masters.", "Nick Kyrgios __knowledge__ During his junior career, Kyrgios won the boys' singles event at the 2013 Australian Open and the boys' doubles event at the 2013 Wimbledon Championships.", "Nick Kyrgios __knowledge__ During his professional career, Kyrgios reached the quarter-finals of the 2014 Wimbledon Championships—upsetting then world no.", "Michael-Ray Pallares González __knowledge__ Michael-Ray Pallares González (born December 15, 1980) is a professional tennis player from the Dominican Republic.", "Michael-Ray Pallares González __knowledge__ He was a member of the Dominican Republic Davis Cup team and represented his country at the Central American and Caribbean Games.", "Michael-Ray Pallares González __knowledge__ Michael-Ray Pallares González is a second cousin once-removed of the Dominican Mirabal sisters.", "Michael-Ray Pallares González __knowledge__ As a junior, Michael-Ray was a two-time USTA National Champion winning the USTA National Interscholastic Championships in Lexington, Kentucky as well as the USTA National Port Washington Easter Classic at the famed Port Washington Tennis Academy in Port Washington, New York. Past winners of these events include Jim Courier, John McEnroe, Butch Buchholz, Arthur Ashe, Roscoe Tanner, Harold Solomon, Bryan Shelton, Chris Woodruff, Luke Jensen, Brian Baker, and Donald Young amongst others.", "2016 One Love Tennis Open – Singles __knowledge__ This was a new event in the ITF Women's Circuit.", "2016 One Love Tennis Open – Singles __knowledge__ Elise Mertens won the title, defeating Melanie Oudin in the final, 6–4, 6–2.", "2016 One Love Tennis Open – Doubles __knowledge__ This was a new event in the ITF Women's Circuit.", "2016 One Love Tennis Open – Doubles __knowledge__ Ingrid Neel and Luisa Stefani won the title, defeating Alexandra Stevenson and Taylor Townsend in the final, 4–6, 6–4, [10–5]." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tennis __knowledge__ Tennis is a racket sport that can be played individually against a single opponent (singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles).", "Tennis __knowledge__ Each player uses a tennis racket that is strung with cord to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over or around a net and into the opponent's court.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The object of the game is to play the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a valid return.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The player who is unable to return the ball will not gain a point, while the opposite player will.", "Tennis __knowledge__ Tennis is an Olympic sport and is played at all levels of society and at all ages.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The sport can be played by anyone who can hold a racket, including wheelchair users.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The modern game of tennis originated in Birmingham, England, in the late 19th century as lawn tennis.", "Tennis __knowledge__ It had close connections both to various field (lawn) games such as croquet and bowls as well as to the older racket sport today called real tennis.", "Tennis __knowledge__ During most of the 19th century, in fact, the term \"tennis\" referred to real tennis, not lawn tennis: for example, in Disraeli's novel \"Sybil\" (1845), Lord Eugene De Vere announces that he will \"go down to Hampton Court and play tennis.\"", "Tennis __knowledge__ The rules of modern tennis have changed little since the 1890s.", "S*M*A*S*H (miniseries) __knowledge__ S*M*A*S*H is a 1990 Swedish comedy TV mini-series with eight episodes written and directed by Måns Herngren and Hannes Holm.", "S*M*A*S*H (miniseries) __knowledge__ Herngren also stars in the series, along with Svante Grundberg, Peter Wahlbeck, Felix Herngren and Sten Ljunggren.", "S*M*A*S*H (miniseries) __knowledge__ It was released on January 4, 1990.", "S*M*A*S*H (miniseries) __knowledge__ In the 1970s, the search for young tennis talents reached its peak when the superstar Einar Berg threw in the towel.", "S*M*A*S*H (miniseries) __knowledge__ Fifteen years after his retirement, Berg makes a comeback because of financial problems and he teams up with teens Alex, Sigge and Teo, where they travel around the world and play tennis.", "S*M*A*S*H (miniseries) __knowledge__ Sigurd 'Sigge' Grönqvist (Wahlbeck) and Alexander 'Alex' Carlsson (M. Herngren) are two teenagers who are picked for tennis practice by Wallner (Ljunggren), a manager and Börje (Norström), a trainer.", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ Novak Djokovic (, ; born 22 May 1987) is a Serbian professional tennis player who is currently ranked world No.", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ 14 in men's singles tennis by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP).", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ Djokovic has won 12 Grand Slam singles titles, five ATP Finals titles, 30 Masters 1000 series titles, 12 ATP World Tour 500 tournaments, and has held the No.", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ 1 spot in the ATP rankings for a total of 223 weeks.", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ In majors, Djokovic has won six Australian Open titles, three Wimbledon titles, two US Open titles and one French Open title.", "Novak Djokovic __knowledge__ In 2016, he became the eighth player in history to achieve the Career Grand Slam.", "Sabine Lisicki __knowledge__ Sabine Katharina Lisicki (; born 22 September 1989) is a German professional tennis player.", "Sabine Lisicki __knowledge__ She turned professional in 2006 and her breakthrough came in 2009 when she reached the quarterfinals of the Wimbledon Championships and won her first WTA title, the Family Circle Cup, against Caroline Wozniacki.", "Sabine Lisicki __knowledge__ In March 2010, she suffered an ankle injury at the Indian Wells Masters that kept her out of competition for five months and saw her fall out of the top 200.", "Sabine Lisicki __knowledge__ Lisicki rebounded in 2011 and won the Aegon Classic before entering the Wimbledon Championships as a wildcard and going on to reach the semifinals, where she lost to Maria Sharapova.", "History of tennis __knowledge__ The game that most people call 'tennis' is the direct descendant of what is now known as real tennis or royal tennis (which continues to be played today as a separate sport with more complex rules).", "History of tennis __knowledge__ Most rules of the game commonly known as tennis derive from it.", "History of tennis __knowledge__ It is reasonable to see both sports as variations of the same game.", "History of tennis __knowledge__ Most historians believe that tennis originated in the monastic cloisters in northern France in the 12th century, but the ball was then struck with the palm of the hand; hence, the name jeu de paume (\"game of the palm\").", "History of tennis __knowledge__ It was not until the 16th century that rackets came into use, and the game began to be called \"tennis.\"", "List of The Prince of Tennis characters __knowledge__ \"The Prince of Tennis\" manga and anime series has a large cast of fictional characters created by Takeshi Konomi; many have appeared in the musical and film adaptations.", "List of The Prince of Tennis characters __knowledge__ The cast of the series is largely made up of the members of the various tennis teams for the schools portrayed in the series, their coaches, and various family members and supporters.", "List of The Prince of Tennis characters __knowledge__ The main character of the series is Ryoma Echizen, a 12-year-old tennis prodigy who joins the Seishun Academy tennis team.", "List of The Prince of Tennis characters __knowledge__ The main cast is rounded out with the other eight regular players for Seishun, all of whom have various special abilities at playing tennis.", "General Education (film) __knowledge__ General Education is a 2012 comedy film, directed by Tom Morris, starring Chris Sheffield, Maiara Walsh, Elaine Hendrix, Bobby Campo, Janeane Garofalo and Larry Miller and produced by Pelican House Productions.", "General Education (film) __knowledge__ The film was shot in Chico and Gridley, California.", "General Education (film) __knowledge__ Levi Collins, (Chris Sheffield), a high school senior, has been forced all his life by his father Rich, (Larry Miller), to play tennis due to a strong devotion to a family tradition.", "General Education (film) __knowledge__ Levi receives a letter saying he has received a full scholarship to go to college at Forest Wood and play tennis, which makes his father very proud.", "General Education (film) __knowledge__ In addition, Levi gets another letter from Arizona State saying he has been accepted, but his father discards it, encouraging him to go to Forest Wood.", "1877 Wimbledon Championship __knowledge__ The 1877 Wimbledon Championship was a men's tennis tournament held at the All England Croquet and Lawn Tennis Club (AEC & LTC) in Wimbledon, London.", "1877 Wimbledon Championship __knowledge__ It was the world's first official lawn tennis tournament, and was later recognised as the first Grand Slam tournament or \"Major\".", "1877 Wimbledon Championship __knowledge__ The AEC & LTC had been founded in July 1868, as the All England Croquet Club; lawn tennis was introduced in February 1875 to compensate for the waning interest in croquet.", "1877 Wimbledon Championship __knowledge__ In June 1877 the club decided to organise a tennis tournament to pay for the repair of its pony roller, needed to maintain the lawns.", "1877 Wimbledon Championship __knowledge__ A set of rules was drawn up for the tournament, derived from the first standardised rules of tennis issued by the Marylebone Cricket Club in May 1875.", "Real tennis __knowledge__ Real tennis – one of several games sometimes called \"the sport of kings\" – is the original racquet sport from which the modern game of tennis (originally called \"lawn tennis\") is derived.", "Real tennis __knowledge__ It is also known as court tennis in the United States, formerly royal tennis in England and Australia, and courte-paume in France (a reference to the older, racquetless game of \"jeu de paume\", the ancestor of modern handball and racquet games; many French real tennis courts are at \"jeu de paume\" clubs).", "Real tennis __knowledge__ The term \"real\" was first used by journalists in the early 20th century as a retronym to distinguish the ancient game from modern \"lawn\" tennis (even though the latter sport is often not contested on lawns these days outside the few social-club-managed estates such as Wimbledon).", "The Championships, Wimbledon __knowledge__ The Championships, Wimbledon, commonly known simply as Wimbledon, is the oldest tennis tournament in the world, and is widely regarded as the most prestigious.", "The Championships, Wimbledon __knowledge__ It has been held at the All England Club in Wimbledon, London, since 1877 and is played on outdoor grass courts.", "The Championships, Wimbledon __knowledge__ Wimbledon is one of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments, the others being the Australian Open, the French Open and the US Open.", "The Championships, Wimbledon __knowledge__ Since the Australian Open shifted to hardcourt in 1988, Wimbledon is the only major still played on grass.", "The Championships, Wimbledon __knowledge__ The tournament traditionally took place over two weeks in late June and early July, starting on the third Monday in June and culminating with the Ladies' and Gentlemen's Singles Finals, scheduled for the Saturday and Sunday at the end of the second week.", "Tennis New Zealand __knowledge__ The history of tennis in New Zealand dates back to the 1870s, the decade when the development of modern tennis began.", "Tennis New Zealand __knowledge__ The first \"New Zealand Tennis Championships\" were played at Farndon in Hawkes Bay in 1886.", "Tennis New Zealand __knowledge__ New Zealand Lawn Tennis Association (NZLTA) was formed at a meeting held in Hastings in December 1886.", "Tennis New Zealand __knowledge__ Shortly after its inauguration, the New Zealand Association became affiliated with the Lawn Tennis Association (England).", "Tennis New Zealand __knowledge__ In 1904 New Zealand Lawn Tennis Association amalgamated with six Australian state tennis associations to form the Lawn Tennis Association of Australasia.", "Tennis New Zealand __knowledge__ New Zealand Lawn Tennis Association played a significant role in the origin of the Australian Open.", "Edgbaston Priory Club __knowledge__ The Edgbaston Priory Club is a private members' tennis, squash and leisure club in Birmingham, England.", "Edgbaston Priory Club __knowledge__ The club is the host of the annual WTA Tour stop, the Aegon Classic.", "Edgbaston Priory Club __knowledge__ The stadium court has a capacity of 2,500 people (1,000 permanent and 1,500 temporary).", "Edgbaston Priory Club __knowledge__ The club has a fitness suite and class studio, a bar and bistro area, indoor and outdoor pools, 30+ tennis courts and 10 squash courts.", "Edgbaston Priory Club __knowledge__ It is considered one of the premier racquets clubs in the UK.", "Edgbaston Priory Club __knowledge__ The Edgbaston Priory was formed by the merger in 1964 of two of the earliest lawn tennis clubs, the Priory Lawn Tennis Club (founded 1875) and the Edgbaston Cricket & Lawn Tennis Club (founded 1878)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tennis __knowledge__ Tennis is a racket sport that can be played individually against a single opponent (singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles).", "Tennis __knowledge__ Each player uses a tennis racket that is strung with cord to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over or around a net and into the opponent's court.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The object of the game is to play the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a valid return.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The player who is unable to return the ball will not gain a point, while the opposite player will.", "Tennis __knowledge__ Tennis is an Olympic sport and is played at all levels of society and at all ages.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The sport can be played by anyone who can hold a racket, including wheelchair users.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The modern game of tennis originated in Birmingham, England, in the late 19th century as lawn tennis.", "Tennis __knowledge__ It had close connections both to various field (lawn) games such as croquet and bowls as well as to the older racket sport today called real tennis.", "Tennis __knowledge__ During most of the 19th century, in fact, the term \"tennis\" referred to real tennis, not lawn tennis: for example, in Disraeli's novel \"Sybil\" (1845), Lord Eugene De Vere announces that he will \"go down to Hampton Court and play tennis.\"", "Tennis __knowledge__ The rules of modern tennis have changed little since the 1890s.", "List of Game & Watch games __knowledge__ This is a list of \"Game & Watch\" games released by Nintendo, along with their format and date of release, if known.", "List of Game & Watch games __knowledge__ See lists of video games for related lists.", "List of Game & Watch games __knowledge__ Several of these games were collected and re-released as ports for the \"Game & Watch Gallery\" series for Game Boy, Game Boy Color and Game Boy Advance.", "List of Game & Watch games __knowledge__ The games also were re-released as stand-alone titles for the Nintendo Mini Classics series in the late 1990s.", "List of Game & Watch games __knowledge__ Digital versions of the games were created as DSiWare which was released for Nintendo DSi in 2009 (2010 internationally) and for Nintendo 3DS in 2011.", "List of Game & Watch games __knowledge__ Ball (originally known as \"Toss-Up\" in North America) is a \"Game & Watch\" game released as a part of the Silver series on April 28, 1980.", "Ankh-Morpork City Watch __knowledge__ The Ankh-Morpork City Watch is the police force of the fictional city of Ankh-Morpork in the \"Discworld\" series by the English writer Terry Pratchett.", "Ankh-Morpork City Watch __knowledge__ The series comprises eight fantasy novels and one short story centred on the adventures of the City Watch and its commander Sam Vimes, in order of publication they are; \"Guards!", "Ankh-Morpork City Watch __knowledge__ Guards!\"", "Ankh-Morpork City Watch __knowledge__ (1989), \"Theatre of Cruelty\" (1993) (a short story), \"Men at Arms\" (1993), \"Feet of Clay\" (1996), \"Jingo\" (1997), \"The Fifth Elephant\" (1999), \"Night Watch\" (2002), \"Thud!\"", "Ankh-Morpork City Watch __knowledge__ (2005) and \"Snuff\" (2011).", "Ankh-Morpork City Watch __knowledge__ The Watch is also to be the subject of a police procedural television series in development as of 2016, entitled \"The Watch\".", "Watch __knowledge__ A watch is a timepiece intended to be carried or worn by a person.", "Watch __knowledge__ It is designed to keep working despite the motions caused by the person's activities.", "Watch __knowledge__ A wristwatch is designed to be worn around the wrist, attached by a watch strap or other type of bracelet.", "Watch __knowledge__ A pocket watch is designed for a person to carry in a pocket.", "Watch __knowledge__ Watches progressed in the 17th century from spring-powered clocks, which appeared as early as the 14th century.", "Watch __knowledge__ During most of its history the watch was a mechanical device, driven by clockwork, powered by winding a mainspring, and keeping time with an oscillating balance wheel.", "Diving watch __knowledge__ A diving watch, also commonly referred to as a diver's or dive watch, is a watch designed for underwater diving that features, as a minimum, a water resistance greater than , the equivalent of .", "Diving watch __knowledge__ The typical diver's watch will have a water resistance of around , though modern technology allows the creation of diving watches that can go much deeper.", "Diving watch __knowledge__ A true contemporary diver's watch is in accordance with the ISO 6425 standard, which defines test standards and features for watches suitable for diving with underwater breathing apparatus in depths of or more.", "Diving watch __knowledge__ Watches conforming to ISO 6425 are marked with the word DIVER'S to distinguish ISO 6425 conformant diving watches from watches that might not be suitable for actual scuba diving.", "Apple Watch __knowledge__ Apple Watch is a line of smartwatches designed, developed and marketed by Apple Inc.", "Apple Watch __knowledge__ It incorporates fitness tracking and health-oriented capabilities with integration with iOS and other Apple products and services.", "Apple Watch __knowledge__ The first generation watch was available in four variants: Apple Watch Sport, Apple Watch, Apple Watch Hermès, and Apple Watch Edition; each was distinguished by different combinations of cases and first- or third-party interchangeable bands.", "Apple Watch __knowledge__ Apple Watch (excluding Series 3 LTE) relies on a wirelessly connected iPhone to perform many of its default functions such as calling and texting.", "List of Game of Thrones characters __knowledge__ The characters from the American medieval fantasy television series \"Game of Thrones\" are based on their respective counterparts from author George R. R. Martin's \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series of novels.", "List of Game of Thrones characters __knowledge__ Set in a fictional universe that has been referred to so far as \"The Known World,\" the series follows a civil war for the Iron Throne of the continent of Westeros, fought between the rival royal and noble families and their respective supporters.", "List of Game of Thrones characters __knowledge__ The following cast members have been credited as main cast in the opening credits: Additionally the following cast members have appeared in 10 or more episodes of the show while maintaining a 'recurring' status: Ned Stark (season 1, 6-7) portrayed by Sean Bean in season 1 as an adult, and by Sebastian Croft in season 6 as a child, and Robert Aramayo in season 6 and 7 as a young adult.", "Yo-kai Watch 2 __knowledge__ Yo-kai Watch 2: Bony Spirits and Yo-kai Watch 2: Fleshy Souls, released in Japan as and are a pair of role-playing video games developed and published by Level-5 in Japan and Nintendo internationally for the Nintendo 3DS.", "Yo-kai Watch 2 __knowledge__ The games are a sequel to 2013's \"Yo-kai Watch\", and were released in July 2014 in Japan, and in North America and Australia in late 2016, and in Europe in 2017.", "Yo-kai Watch 2 __knowledge__ Much like their predecessor, the games put players in an open world, befriending and battling various yōkai; ghosts and apparitions originating in Japanese folklore, that cause mischief in daily life.", "Yo-kai Watch 2 __knowledge__ In \"Yo-kai Watch 2\", the memories of the protagonists Nathan \"Nate\" Adams and Katie Forester are erased when the Yo-kai Watch itself taken away, leaving them with no recollection of their past adventures.", "The Championships, Wimbledon __knowledge__ The Championships, Wimbledon, commonly known simply as Wimbledon, is the oldest tennis tournament in the world, and is widely regarded as the most prestigious.", "The Championships, Wimbledon __knowledge__ It has been held at the All England Club in Wimbledon, London, since 1877 and is played on outdoor grass courts.", "The Championships, Wimbledon __knowledge__ Wimbledon is one of the four Grand Slam tennis tournaments, the others being the Australian Open, the French Open and the US Open.", "The Championships, Wimbledon __knowledge__ Since the Australian Open shifted to hardcourt in 1988, Wimbledon is the only major still played on grass.", "The Championships, Wimbledon __knowledge__ The tournament traditionally took place over two weeks in late June and early July, starting on the third Monday in June and culminating with the Ladies' and Gentlemen's Singles Finals, scheduled for the Saturday and Sunday at the end of the second week.", "History of tennis __knowledge__ The game that most people call 'tennis' is the direct descendant of what is now known as real tennis or royal tennis (which continues to be played today as a separate sport with more complex rules).", "History of tennis __knowledge__ Most rules of the game commonly known as tennis derive from it.", "History of tennis __knowledge__ It is reasonable to see both sports as variations of the same game.", "History of tennis __knowledge__ Most historians believe that tennis originated in the monastic cloisters in northern France in the 12th century, but the ball was then struck with the palm of the hand; hence, the name jeu de paume (\"game of the palm\").", "History of tennis __knowledge__ It was not until the 16th century that rackets came into use, and the game began to be called \"tennis.\"", "Relocation of Wimbledon F.C. to Milton Keynes __knowledge__ Wimbledon Football Club relocated to Milton Keynes in September 2003, 16 months after receiving permission to do so from an independent commission appointed by the Football Association.", "Relocation of Wimbledon F.C. to Milton Keynes __knowledge__ The move took the team from south London, where it had been based since its foundation in 1889, to Milton Keynes, a new town in Buckinghamshire, about to the northwest of the club's traditional home district Wimbledon.", "Relocation of Wimbledon F.C. to Milton Keynes __knowledge__ Hugely controversial, the move's authorisation prompted disaffected Wimbledon supporters to form AFC Wimbledon, a new club, in June 2002.", "Relocation of Wimbledon F.C. to Milton Keynes __knowledge__ The relocated team played home matches in Milton Keynes under the Wimbledon name from September 2003 until June 2004, when following the end of the 2003–04 season it renamed itself Milton Keynes Dons F.C.", "Wimbledon, London __knowledge__ Wimbledon is a district of southwest London, England, south-west of the centre of London at Charing Cross, in the London Borough of Merton, south of Wandsworth, northeast of New Malden, northwest of Mitcham, west of Streatham and north of Sutton.", "Wimbledon, London __knowledge__ Wimbledon had a population of 68,187 in 2011 which includes the electoral wards of Abbey, Dundonald, Hillside, Trinity, Village, Raynes Park and Wimbledon Park.", "Wimbledon, London __knowledge__ It is home to the Wimbledon Tennis Championships and New Wimbledon Theatre, and contains Wimbledon Common, one of the largest areas of common land in London.", "Wimbledon, London __knowledge__ The residential and retail area is split into two sections known as the \"village\" and the \"town\", with the High Street being the rebuilding of the original medieval village, and the \"town\" having first developed gradually after the building of the railway station in 1838.", "AFC Wimbledon __knowledge__ AFC Wimbledon is a professional football club currently based in Kingston upon Thames, south west London, England, which has played in League One, the third tier of the English football league system, since promotion in 2016.", "AFC Wimbledon __knowledge__ Their home stadium is Kingsmeadow, a ground shared with Chelsea Ladies and up until 2017 with Isthmian League club Kingstonian F.C.", "AFC Wimbledon __knowledge__ The club was founded by Wimbledon F.C.", "AFC Wimbledon __knowledge__ supporters in 2002 after the Football Association allowed that club to relocate to Milton Keynes in Buckinghamshire, about north of Wimbledon.", "AFC Wimbledon __knowledge__ The large majority of Wimbledon F.C.", "AFC Wimbledon __knowledge__ supporters were very strongly opposed to moving the club so far away from Wimbledon, feeling that a club transplanted to Milton Keynes would no longer represent Wimbledon F.C.", "Big Four (tennis) __knowledge__ In tennis, the term Big Four refers to the quartet of men's singles players comprising Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, Novak Djokovic, and Andy Murray.", "Big Four (tennis) __knowledge__ These players are considered dominant in terms of ranking and tournament victories, including Grand Slam tournaments and ATP Masters 1000 events, as well as the ATP Finals and Olympic Games, having dominated the sport amongst them from 2004 onwards.", "Big Four (tennis) __knowledge__ Never before in the history of tennis has there been a group of players as dominant as these four.", "Big Four (tennis) __knowledge__ Federer was the first to come to prominence after winning Wimbledon in 2003 and established himself as the world No.", "Wimbledon F.C. __knowledge__ Wimbledon Football Club was an English football club formed in Wimbledon, south-west London, in 1889 and based at Plough Lane from 1912 to 1991.", "Wimbledon F.C. __knowledge__ Founded as Wimbledon Old Centrals, the club were a non-League team for most of their history.", "Wimbledon F.C. __knowledge__ Nicknamed \"the Dons\" and latterly \"the Wombles\", they won eight Isthmian League titles, the FA Amateur Cup in 1963 and three successive Southern League championships between 1975 and 1977, and were then elected to the Football League.", "Wimbledon F.C. __knowledge__ The team rose quickly from obscurity during the 1980s and were promoted to the then top-flight First Division in 1986, just four seasons after being in the Fourth Division." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tennis __knowledge__ Tennis is a racket sport that can be played individually against a single opponent (singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles).", "Tennis __knowledge__ Each player uses a tennis racket that is strung with cord to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over or around a net and into the opponent's court.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The object of the game is to play the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a valid return.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The player who is unable to return the ball will not gain a point, while the opposite player will.", "Tennis __knowledge__ Tennis is an Olympic sport and is played at all levels of society and at all ages.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The sport can be played by anyone who can hold a racket, including wheelchair users.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The modern game of tennis originated in Birmingham, England, in the late 19th century as lawn tennis.", "Tennis __knowledge__ It had close connections both to various field (lawn) games such as croquet and bowls as well as to the older racket sport today called real tennis.", "Tennis __knowledge__ During most of the 19th century, in fact, the term \"tennis\" referred to real tennis, not lawn tennis: for example, in Disraeli's novel \"Sybil\" (1845), Lord Eugene De Vere announces that he will \"go down to Hampton Court and play tennis.\"", "Tennis __knowledge__ The rules of modern tennis have changed little since the 1890s.", "St Patrick's Athletic F.C. __knowledge__ St Patrick's Athletic F.C.", "St Patrick's Athletic F.C. __knowledge__ () is an Irish association football club based in Inchicore, Dublin, that plays in the Irish Premier Division.", "St Patrick's Athletic F.C. __knowledge__ Founded in May 1929, they played originally in the Phoenix Park but they moved to their current ground Richmond Park in 1930.", "St Patrick's Athletic F.C. __knowledge__ St. Patrick's Athletic have won some trophies in Irish Club Football, including eight League Titles, the fifth most in Irish Football, as well as three FAI Cups and three League Cups.", "St Patrick's Athletic F.C. __knowledge__ The current manager is Liam Buckley, who is in his second spell in charge at the club after replacing Pete Mahon in 2011.", "St Patrick's Athletic F.C. __knowledge__ The club graduated through the ranks of the Leinster Senior League and duly took their place in the League of Ireland in 1951, and won the Championship at their first attempt.", "Bill Shankly __knowledge__ William Shankly, OBE (2 September 1913 – 29 September 1981) was a Scottish football player and manager, who is best known for his time as manager of Liverpool.", "Bill Shankly __knowledge__ Shankly came from a small Scottish mining community and was one of five brothers who played football professionally.", "Bill Shankly __knowledge__ He played as a ball-winning right-half and was capped twelve times for Scotland, including seven wartime internationals.", "Bill Shankly __knowledge__ He spent one season at Carlisle United before spending the rest of his career at Preston North End, with whom he won the FA Cup in 1938.", "Bill Shankly __knowledge__ His playing career was interrupted by his service in the Royal Air Force during the Second World War.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" (pronounced \"Yeah three times\" or \"Yeah Yeah Yeah\"; sometimes stylized as \"Yeah 3X\") is a song by American recording artist Chris Brown, released as the lead single from his fourth studio album \"F.A.M.E.\"", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ on October 25, 2010.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ It was written by Brown, DJ Frank E, Kevin McCall, Amber Streeter and Calvin Harris, and was produced by DJ Frank E. Brown recorded the song for his pop audience as he had been doing a lot of mixtapes and urban records.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" is an uptempo dance-pop, Europop, and electro house song; it uses a video game-type beat and features a thick bassline and big synth chords.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ \"Oh Yeah\" is a single released in 1985 by the Swiss band Yello and featured on their album \"Stella\".", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ The song features a mix of electronic music and manipulated vocals.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ The song gained popularity after being featured in the films \"Ferris Bueller's Day Off\" and \"The Secret of My Success\", among other films.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ It has become an iconic anthem of the 1980s, and used to metaphorically represent lust (in various forms) and cocaine.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ It is a popular staple in movies, television and commercials.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ Its 1987 re-released version features the extra lyrics: \"such a good time / a really good time\".", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ Describing the composition of \"Oh Yeah,\" Blank said, \"First I did the music and then I invited Dieter to sing along, and he came up with some lines which I thought, 'no Dieter, it's too complicated, we don't need that many lyrics'.", "2017 Chicago Bears season __knowledge__ The 2017 Chicago Bears season was the franchise's 98th season in the National Football League and the third and final under head coach John Fox.", "2017 Chicago Bears season __knowledge__ The Bears improved upon the previous year's 3–13 record, finishing 5–11, but failed to make the playoffs and suffered their fourth consecutive losing season.", "2017 Chicago Bears season __knowledge__ This was their first season since 2008 without Jay Cutler as their starting quarterback, ending an eight-year era.", "2017 Chicago Bears season __knowledge__ Instead, the Bears picked up former Tampa Bay Buccaneers quarterback Mike Glennon in free agency and traded up to the number two overall pick in the draft for Mitchell Trubisky.", "2017 Chicago Bears season __knowledge__ Glennon started the first four games of the season, but was benched for Trubisky after a 1–3 start.", "David Campese __knowledge__ David Ian Campese, AM (born 21 October 1962), also known as Campo, is a former Australian rugby union player.", "David Campese __knowledge__ Campese was capped by the Wallabies 101 times, and held the world record for the most tries in test matches (64) until Daisuke Ohata scored his 65th try playing for Japan on 14 May 2006.", "David Campese __knowledge__ Campese made his debut for the Wallabies on the 1982 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand, during which he scored a try in his first two Tests.", "David Campese __knowledge__ In 1983, he equaled the then record for most tries in a Test match for Australia against the USA, scoring four tries.", "David Campese __knowledge__ He was a member of the Eighth Wallabies for the 1984 Australia rugby union tour of Britain and Ireland that won rugby union's \"grand slam\", the first Australian side to defeat all four home nations, England, Ireland, Wales and Scotland, on a tour.", "Billie Jean King __knowledge__ Billie Jean King (\"née\" Moffitt; born November 22, 1943) is an American former World No.", "Billie Jean King __knowledge__ 1 professional tennis player.", "Billie Jean King __knowledge__ King won 39 Grand Slam titles: 12 in singles, 16 in women's doubles, and 11 in mixed doubles.", "Billie Jean King __knowledge__ King won a record 20 championship titles at Wimbledon.", "Billie Jean King __knowledge__ King won the singles title at the inaugural WTA Tour Championships.", "Billie Jean King __knowledge__ King often represented the United States in the Federation Cup and the Wightman Cup.", "Billie Jean King __knowledge__ She was a member of the victorious United States team in seven Federation Cups and nine Wightman Cups.", "Billie Jean King __knowledge__ For three years, King was the United States' captain in the Federation Cup.", "Billie Jean King __knowledge__ King is an advocate for gender equality and has long been a pioneer for equality and social justice.", "Bobby Riggs __knowledge__ Robert Larimore Riggs (February 25, 1918 – October 25, 1995) was an American tennis champion who was the World No.", "Bobby Riggs __knowledge__ 1 or the World co-No.", "Bobby Riggs __knowledge__ 1 player for three years, first as an amateur in 1939, then as a professional in 1946 and 1947.", "Bobby Riggs __knowledge__ He played his first professional tennis match on December 26, 1941.", "Bobby Riggs __knowledge__ As a 21-year-old amateur in 1939, Riggs won Wimbledon, the U.S. National Championships (now U.S. Open), and was runner-up at the French Championships.", "Bobby Riggs __knowledge__ He was U.S. champion again in 1941, after a runner-up finish the year before.", "Bobby Riggs __knowledge__ At age 55, he competed in a challenge match against Billie Jean King, one of the top female players in the world, and lost.", "Battle of the Sexes (tennis) __knowledge__ In tennis, \"Battle of the Sexes\" is a term that has been used to describe various exhibition matches played between a man and a woman (or, in one case, a doubles match between two men and two women).", "Battle of the Sexes (tennis) __knowledge__ Most famously, the term is used for a nationally televised match in 1973, held at the Houston Astrodome, between 55-year-old Bobby Riggs and 29-year-old Billie Jean King, which King won in three sets.", "Battle of the Sexes (tennis) __knowledge__ The match attracted massive attention and was viewed by an estimated 90 million people around the world; King's win is considered a milestone in public acceptance of women's tennis.", "Battle of the Sexes (tennis) __knowledge__ Two other matches commonly referred to as a \"battle of the sexes\" include a match held four months earlier in 1973 between Riggs and Margaret Court, over the best of three sets, and one in 1992 between Jimmy Connors and Martina Navratilova, over the best of three sets and hybrid rules favoring the female player, dubbed \"The Battle of Champions\".", "Billie Jean __knowledge__ \"Billie Jean\" is a song by American singer Michael Jackson, released in January 1983 as the second single from his sixth album \"Thriller\" (1982).", "Billie Jean __knowledge__ It was written and composed by Jackson and produced by Quincy Jones and Jackson.", "Billie Jean __knowledge__ \"Billie Jean\" was one of the best-selling singles of 1983, was the biggest-selling single for Jackson as a solo artist, and remains one of the best-selling singles worldwide.", "Billie Jean __knowledge__ It helped propel \"Thriller\" to the status of best-selling album of all time.", "Billie Jean __knowledge__ In the United States, the song stayed at number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 for seven weeks.", "Billie Jean __knowledge__ It also reached number one in the United Kingdom and several other European countries, and reached the top-ten in many other countries.", "Battle of the Sexes (film) __knowledge__ Battle of the Sexes is a 2017 American biographical sports comedy-drama film directed by Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris and written by Simon Beaufoy.", "Battle of the Sexes (film) __knowledge__ The plot is loosely based on the between Billie Jean King and Bobby Riggs.", "Battle of the Sexes (film) __knowledge__ The film stars Emma Stone and Steve Carell as King and Riggs, with Andrea Riseborough, Elisabeth Shue, Austin Stowell, Bill Pullman, and Sarah Silverman in supporting roles.", "Battle of the Sexes (film) __knowledge__ The film had its premiere at the Telluride Film Festival on September 2, 2017, and was theatrically released in the United States by Fox Searchlight Pictures on September 22, 2017.", "Battle of the Sexes (film) __knowledge__ It received positive reviews from critics, who praised the performances of Stone and Carell, with some calling it the best performance of Stone's career.", "History of tennis __knowledge__ The game that most people call 'tennis' is the direct descendant of what is now known as real tennis or royal tennis (which continues to be played today as a separate sport with more complex rules).", "History of tennis __knowledge__ Most rules of the game commonly known as tennis derive from it.", "History of tennis __knowledge__ It is reasonable to see both sports as variations of the same game.", "History of tennis __knowledge__ Most historians believe that tennis originated in the monastic cloisters in northern France in the 12th century, but the ball was then struck with the palm of the hand; hence, the name jeu de paume (\"game of the palm\").", "History of tennis __knowledge__ It was not until the 16th century that rackets came into use, and the game began to be called \"tennis.\"", "Philadelphia Freedom (song) __knowledge__ \"Philadelphia Freedom\" is a song released by The Elton John Band as a single in 1975.", "Philadelphia Freedom (song) __knowledge__ The song was the fourth of Elton John's six number 1 US hits during the early and mid-1970s, which saw his recordings dominating the charts.", "Philadelphia Freedom (song) __knowledge__ In Canada it was his eighth single to hit the top of the \"RPM\" national singles chart.", "Philadelphia Freedom (song) __knowledge__ The song was written by Elton John and Bernie Taupin as a favour to John's friend, tennis star Billie Jean King.", "Philadelphia Freedom (song) __knowledge__ King was part of the Philadelphia Freedoms professional tennis team.", "Philadelphia Freedom (song) __knowledge__ The song features an orchestral arrangement by Gene Page, including flutes, horns, and strings.", "Philadelphia Freedom (song) __knowledge__ The song made its album debut on 1977's \"Elton John's Greatest Hits Volume II\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tennis __knowledge__ Tennis is a racket sport that can be played individually against a single opponent (singles) or between two teams of two players each (doubles).", "Tennis __knowledge__ Each player uses a tennis racket that is strung with cord to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over or around a net and into the opponent's court.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The object of the game is to play the ball in such a way that the opponent is not able to play a valid return.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The player who is unable to return the ball will not gain a point, while the opposite player will.", "Tennis __knowledge__ Tennis is an Olympic sport and is played at all levels of society and at all ages.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The sport can be played by anyone who can hold a racket, including wheelchair users.", "Tennis __knowledge__ The modern game of tennis originated in Birmingham, England, in the late 19th century as lawn tennis.", "Tennis __knowledge__ It had close connections both to various field (lawn) games such as croquet and bowls as well as to the older racket sport today called real tennis.", "Tennis __knowledge__ During most of the 19th century, in fact, the term \"tennis\" referred to real tennis, not lawn tennis: for example, in Disraeli's novel \"Sybil\" (1845), Lord Eugene De Vere announces that he will \"go down to Hampton Court and play tennis.\"", "Tennis __knowledge__ The rules of modern tennis have changed little since the 1890s.", "Arthur Penhallow __knowledge__ Arthur Penhallow (born December 20, 1943) is a radio presenter in Detroit, Michigan who hosted afternoons on active rock station WRIF from 1970-2009.", "Arthur Penhallow __knowledge__ On March 30, 2009, WRIF owner Greater Media announced that the station and Penhallow had been unable to come to terms on a new contract.", "Arthur Penhallow __knowledge__ Penhallow was born in Honolulu, Hawaii.", "Arthur Penhallow __knowledge__ Arthur being a Vietnam veteran served in the USAF from 1962 through 1968.", "Arthur Penhallow __knowledge__ Before beginning his long tenure with WRIF, Art had toured with a band that played with the Mamas & the Papas, among others.", "Arthur Penhallow __knowledge__ Under the name \"Cicero Grimes\", he worked at WNRZ in Ann Arbor in 1970, and then moved to WRIF's predecessor, WXYZ-FM, which at the time was airing a syndicated progressive-rock format distributed by ABC called \"Love\".", "Derek Jewell __knowledge__ Derek Jewell, (1927 - 21 November 1985) was a British writer, broadcaster and music critic.", "Derek Jewell __knowledge__ A music critic for the London \"Sunday Times\" for twenty-three years, Jewell wrote extensively about jazz, and also introduced British audiences to avant garde jazz, rock and improvisational music, especially through live performances on his BBC Radio show, \"Sounds Interesting\".", "Derek Jewell __knowledge__ In addition to producing columns of music criticism for the \"Sunday Times\" (he also wrote periodically for the now-defunct \"Illustrated London News\"), Jewell was the author of a number of books about popular music including \"The Popular Voice\" (1980), \"Duke - A Portrait of Duke Ellington\" (1977), and \"Frank Sinatra\" (co-written with George Perry, 1985).", "Keith Emerson __knowledge__ Keith Noel Emerson (2 November 1944 – 11 March 2016) was an English musician and composer.", "Keith Emerson __knowledge__ He played keyboards in a number of bands before finding his first commercial success with the Nice in the late 1960s.", "Keith Emerson __knowledge__ He became internationally famous for his work with the Nice, which included writing rock arrangements of classical music.", "Keith Emerson __knowledge__ After leaving the Nice in 1970, he was a founding member of Emerson, Lake & Palmer (ELP), one of the early progressive rock supergroups.", "Keith Emerson __knowledge__ Emerson, Lake & Palmer were commercially successful through much of the 1970s, becoming one of the best-known progressive rock groups of the era.", "WRIF __knowledge__ WRIF (101.1 FM) is a commercial active rock radio station licensed in Detroit, Michigan and serving Metro Detroit.", "WRIF __knowledge__ The station is currently owned by Beasley Media Group.", "WRIF __knowledge__ WRIF is a grandfathered \"Superpower\" Class B station with a signal equivalent to 92,000 watts at 500 ft; stated another way, under current U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) limits for Class B stations, WRIF would be allowed to broadcast an effective radiated power (ERP) of at most 16,000 watts using an antenna 268 meters high.", "WRIF __knowledge__ As such, the signal can be heard as far as Lexington, MI; Jackson; Chatham-Kent and Lambton County, Ontario; North Baltimore, Ohio; and occasionally as far south as Delaware, Ohio.", "Vinveli Payana Kurippugal __knowledge__ Vinveli Payana Kurippugal (Tamil: விண்வெளி பயணக் குறிப்புகள் English: \"space trip notes\") is an upcoming 2017 Non-Linear Sci-fi Tamil film written, co-produced and directed by R. Jayaprakash and produced by Yazh mozhi R Babu sankar under the company \"Lemurian thirakkalam\".", "Vinveli Payana Kurippugal __knowledge__ A sci-fi film on space tour The premise of the upcoming film Vinveli Payana Kuripugal sounds interesting, which is being helmed by debutant director Jayaprakash.", "Vinveli Payana Kurippugal __knowledge__ An over enthusiastic youngster from a semi-urban town aspires to go on a space tour and the struggles he faces to get there is what the films is all about, says Jayaprakash.", "Makers UPV __knowledge__ Makers UPV is a non-profit community of students from the Universitat Politècnica of València (Valencia, Spain) founded in April 2013, whose objective is to enhance the learning experience of students by adding a practical approach based on \"experiential learning\", Do it yourself and the Maker Culture.", "Makers UPV __knowledge__ Through projects, competitions and workshops taught by the students with special abilities (they acting as mentors), the community is retrofitted and grows.", "Makers UPV __knowledge__ The community has gained international attention through their success in competitions, being awarded \"Top Hyperloop Design Concept\" and \"Best Propulsion Subsystem\" with project Hyperloop UPV at Hyperloop Pod Competition ( SpaceX, 2016), \"Top People's Choice\" with project NextVision (2014) at NASA International Space Apps Challenge as well as \"Global Top 5 Best Use of Hardware\" with project GoSat (2015) and Mars UPV (2016) among others.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "Battle of the Sexes (tennis) __knowledge__ In tennis, \"Battle of the Sexes\" is a term that has been used to describe various exhibition matches played between a man and a woman (or, in one case, a doubles match between two men and two women).", "Battle of the Sexes (tennis) __knowledge__ Most famously, the term is used for a nationally televised match in 1973, held at the Houston Astrodome, between 55-year-old Bobby Riggs and 29-year-old Billie Jean King, which King won in three sets.", "Battle of the Sexes (tennis) __knowledge__ The match attracted massive attention and was viewed by an estimated 90 million people around the world; King's win is considered a milestone in public acceptance of women's tennis.", "Battle of the Sexes (tennis) __knowledge__ Two other matches commonly referred to as a \"battle of the sexes\" include a match held four months earlier in 1973 between Riggs and Margaret Court, over the best of three sets, and one in 1992 between Jimmy Connors and Martina Navratilova, over the best of three sets and hybrid rules favoring the female player, dubbed \"The Battle of Champions\".", "National Football League on television __knowledge__ The television rights to broadcast National Football League (NFL) games are the most lucrative and expensive rights of any American sport.", "National Football League on television __knowledge__ Television brought professional football into prominence in the modern era after World War II.", "National Football League on television __knowledge__ Since then, National Football League broadcasts have become among the most-watched programs on American television, and the financial fortunes of entire networks have rested on owning NFL broadcasting rights.", "National Football League on television __knowledge__ This has raised questions about the impartiality of the networks' coverage of games and whether they can criticize the NFL without fear of losing the rights and their income.", "NBA on CBS __knowledge__ The NBA on CBS is the branding that was used for weekly broadcasts of National Basketball Association (NBA) games produced by CBS Sports, the sports division of the CBS television network in the United States.", "NBA on CBS __knowledge__ CBS aired NBA games from the 1973–1974 NBA season (when it succeeded ABC Sports as the national broadcaster of the NBA) until the 1989–90 NBA season (when CBS was succeeded by NBC Sports).", "NBA on CBS __knowledge__ During CBS' first few years of covering the NBA, CBS was accused of mishandling their NBA telecasts.", "NBA on CBS __knowledge__ Among the criticisms included CBS playing too much loud music, the lack of stability with the announcers, regionalizing telecasts (thus fragmenting the ratings even further), billing games as being between star players instead of teams, and devoting too much attention to the slam dunk in instant replays.", "Major League Baseball on NBC __knowledge__ Major League Baseball on NBC is the de facto branding for weekly broadcasts of Major League Baseball (MLB) games produced by NBC Sports, and televised on the NBC television network.", "Major League Baseball on NBC __knowledge__ Major League Baseball games first aired on the network from to , when CBS acquired the broadcast television rights; games returned to the network in with coverage lasting until .", "Major League Baseball on NBC __knowledge__ There have been several variations of the program dating back to the 1940s, including \"The NBC Game of the Week\" and \"Baseball Night in America\".", "Major League Baseball on NBC __knowledge__ From 1947 to 1956 and again in 1965, NBC only aired the All-Star Game (beginning in 1950) and World Series.", "History of the National Hockey League on United States television __knowledge__ The National Hockey League has never fared as well on American television in comparison to the National Basketball Association, Major League Baseball, or the National Football League, although that has begun to change, with NBC's broadcasts of the final games of the 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2013 Stanley Cup Finals scoring some of the best ratings ever enjoyed by the sport on American television.", "History of the National Hockey League on United States television __knowledge__ In fact, hockey broadcasting on a national scale was spotty prior to 1981; NBC and CBS held rights at various times, each network carrying weekend-afternoon games during the second half of the regular season and the playoffs, along with some (but not all) of the Stanley Cup Finals.", "College football on television __knowledge__ College football on television includes the broad- and cablecasting of college football games, as well as pre- and post-game reports, analysis, and human-interest stories.", "College football on television __knowledge__ Within the United States, the college version of American football annually garners high television ratings.", "College football on television __knowledge__ College football games have been broadcast since 1939, beginning with the 1939 Waynesburg vs. Fordham football game on September 30 in New York City.", "College football on television __knowledge__ College football telecasts were historically very restricted due to there being only three major television networks and also because the NCAA controlled all television rights and limited the number of games that aired to protect attendance.", "Thanksgiving (United States) __knowledge__ Thanksgiving, or Thanksgiving Day, is a public holiday celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November in the United States.", "Thanksgiving (United States) __knowledge__ It originated as a harvest festival.", "Thanksgiving (United States) __knowledge__ Thanksgiving has been celebrated nationally on and off since 1789, after Congress requested a proclamation by George Washington.", "Thanksgiving (United States) __knowledge__ It has been celebrated as a federal holiday every year since 1863, when, during the American Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln proclaimed a national day of \"Thanksgiving and Praise to our beneficent Father who dwelleth in the Heavens,\" to be celebrated on the last Thursday in November.", "Thanksgiving (United States) __knowledge__ Together with Christmas and the New Year, Thanksgiving is a part of the broader fall/winter holiday season in the U.S." ] ]

[ 7, 41, 0, 65, 0 ]

[ "Tennis originated in Birmingham England but back then it was known as lawn tennis", "Wimbledon was first held in 1877.", "I think the most famous tennis match was between Bobby Riggs & Billie Jean King.", "It was called the \"Battle of the Sexes\" it was nationally televised in 1973. ", "They just recently made a movie about it staring Steve Carrell as Bobby Riggs and Emma Stone as Billie Jean King titled Battle of the Sexes it came out in 2017" ]

[ "Tennis", "Tennis", "Tennis", "Tennis", "Tennis" ]

[ "Walmart", "Awesome! I love Walmart, I shop there all the time!", "Yes I buy all of those things there. I even buy makeup there, and toys for my daughter. You can pretty much get anything you need there.", "Obviously he's a smart guy. I've heard that Walmart workers don't get paid enough though. And I know they work very hard." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Walmart __knowledge__ Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., doing business as Walmart, is an American multinational retail corporation that operates a chain of hypermarkets, discount department stores, and grocery stores.", "Walmart __knowledge__ Headquartered in Bentonville, Arkansas, the company was founded by Sam Walton in 1962 and incorporated on October 31, 1969.", "Walmart __knowledge__ It also owns and operates Sam's Club retail warehouses.", "Walmart __knowledge__ Walmart has 11,703 stores and clubs in 28countries, operating under 59 differentnames.", "Walmart __knowledge__ The company operates under the name Walmart in the United States and Canada, as Walmart de México y Centroamérica in Mexico and Central America, as Asda in the United Kingdom, as the Seiyu Group in Japan, and as Best Price in India.", "Walmart __knowledge__ It has wholly owned operations in Argentina, Chile, Brazil, and Canada.", "Walmart __knowledge__ Walmart is the world's largest company by revenueapproximately US$480 billion according to the Fortune Global 500 list in 2016as well as the largest private employer in the world with 2.3million employees.", "Walmart __knowledge__ It is a publicly traded family-owned business, as the company is controlled by the Walton family.", "Walmart __knowledge__ Sam Walton's heirs own over 50percent of Walmart through their holding company, Walton Enterprises, and through their individual holdings.", "Walmart __knowledge__ Walmart is one of the world's most valuable companies by market value and was the largest U.S. grocery retailer in 2016." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Walmart __knowledge__ Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., doing business as Walmart, is an American multinational retail corporation that operates a chain of hypermarkets, discount department stores, and grocery stores.", "Walmart __knowledge__ Headquartered in Bentonville, Arkansas, the company was founded by Sam Walton in 1962 and incorporated on October 31, 1969.", "Walmart __knowledge__ It also owns and operates Sam's Club retail warehouses.", "Walmart __knowledge__ Walmart has 11,703 stores and clubs in 28countries, operating under 59 differentnames.", "Walmart __knowledge__ The company operates under the name Walmart in the United States and Canada, as Walmart de México y Centroamérica in Mexico and Central America, as Asda in the United Kingdom, as the Seiyu Group in Japan, and as Best Price in India.", "Walmart __knowledge__ It has wholly owned operations in Argentina, Chile, Brazil, and Canada.", "Walmart __knowledge__ Walmart is the world's largest company by revenueapproximately US$480 billion according to the Fortune Global 500 list in 2016as well as the largest private employer in the world with 2.3million employees.", "Walmart __knowledge__ It is a publicly traded family-owned business, as the company is controlled by the Walton family.", "Walmart __knowledge__ Sam Walton's heirs own over 50percent of Walmart through their holding company, Walton Enterprises, and through their individual holdings.", "Walmart __knowledge__ Walmart is one of the world's most valuable companies by market value and was the largest U.S. grocery retailer in 2016.", "Criticism of Walmart __knowledge__ Walmart has been criticized by groups and individuals, including labor unions and small-town advocates protesting against Walmart policies and business practices and their effects.", "Criticism of Walmart __knowledge__ Criticisms include charges of racial and gender discrimination, foreign product sourcing, treatment of product suppliers, environmental practices, the use of public subsidies, and the company's security policies.", "Criticism of Walmart __knowledge__ Walmart denies any wrongdoing and says that low prices are the result of efficiency.", "Criticism of Walmart __knowledge__ In 2005, labor unions created new organizations and websites to criticize the company, including Wake Up Wal-Mart (United Food and Commercial Workers) and Walmart Watch (Service Employees International Union).", "Walmart Canada __knowledge__ Walmart Canada Corp. is the Canadian division of Walmart which is headquartered in Mississauga, Ontario.", "Walmart Canada __knowledge__ It was founded on March 17, 1994 with the purchase of the Woolco Canada chain from the F. W. Woolworth Company.", "Walmart Canada __knowledge__ Originally consisting of discount stores, Walmart Canada's contemporaries include Hart Stores, and Giant Tiger.", "Walmart Canada __knowledge__ It also competes in many areas with Home Hardware, Canadian Tire and Dollarama.", "Walmart Canada __knowledge__ Walmart Canada's six Sam's Club stores (2006-2009, only in Ontario) competed with warehouse club Costco and hypermarket Real Canadian Superstore.", "Walmart Canada __knowledge__ Based on the success of the US format, Walmart Canada has focused on expanding Supercentres from new or converted locations, offering groceries which puts them in the same market as supermarket chains such as Loblaws, Real Canadian Superstore, Metro, Sobeys, Thrifty Foods, Safeway, Save-On-Foods, Country Grocer, Fairway Markets, Quality Foods, Co-op and others.", "History of Walmart __knowledge__ This article covers the history of Walmart, the large international discount retail chain.", "History of Walmart __knowledge__ In 1950, Sam Walton purchased a store from Luther E. Harrison in Bentonville, Arkansas, and opened Walton's 5 & 10.", "History of Walmart __knowledge__ Thus, the Ozark Mountain town of 2,900 residents would become the headquarters for the world's largest retailer.", "History of Walmart __knowledge__ At some point Sam Walton made the decision to achieve higher sales volumes by keeping sales prices lower than his competitors by reducing his profit margin.", "History of Walmart __knowledge__ Inspired by the successes of other discount department store chains, Walton opened the second store in Harrison, Arkansas that year.", "Asda __knowledge__ Asda Stores Ltd. trading as Asda, is a British supermarket retailer, headquartered in Leeds, West Yorkshire.", "Asda __knowledge__ The company was founded in 1965 when the supermarket owning Asquith family merged with the Associated Dairies company of Yorkshire.", "Asda __knowledge__ It expanded in to the south of England during the 1970s and 1980s, and acquired Allied Carpets, 61 large Gateway Supermarkets and other businesses, such as MFI, then during the 1990s, sold off its acquisitions to concentrate on the supermarkets.", "Asda __knowledge__ It became a subsidiary of the American retail corporate giant Walmart after a £6.7 billion takeover in July 1999, and was the second-largest supermarket chain in Britain between 2003 and 2014 by market share, and is currently third behind Tesco and Sainsbury's.", "Neil Pasricha __knowledge__ Neil Pasricha (born September 17, 1979) is a Canadian author, entrepreneur, and public speaker characterized by his advocacy of positivity and simple pleasures.", "Neil Pasricha __knowledge__ He is best known for his \"The Book of Awesome\" series, and \"The Happiness Equation\" which are international bestsellers.", "Neil Pasricha __knowledge__ He is also an established speaker and his TEDx talk, \"The 3 A's of Awesome\", is ranked as the ninth most inspiring TEDx talk with over 2 million views to date.", "Neil Pasricha __knowledge__ In total, he has sold over 1 million books.", "Neil Pasricha __knowledge__ The book and TED talk are based on Pasricha's popular blog, \"1000 Awesome Things\".", "Neil Pasricha __knowledge__ The blog has won three Webby Awards and ranked in \"PC Magazine\"'s list of top blogs and websites in 2009 and 2010.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Michael Lee Alfonso (January 24, 1965 – February 17, 2007) was an American professional wrestler.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ He was best known for his appearances with the American professional wrestling promotions Extreme Championship Wrestling, World Championship Wrestling and the World Wrestling Federation under the ring name Mike Awesome and for his appearances in Japan for with Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling and All Japan Pro Wrestling as The Gladiator.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso was trained to wrestle by Steve Keirn, debuting on February 26, 1989.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso trained for about one year along with former professional wrestlers, Dennis Knight (Mideon, Phineas Godwin) and the late \"Big\" Al Green before making his debut.", "Valentin Stocker __knowledge__ Valentin Stocker (born 12 April 1989 in Lucerne) is a Swiss footballer who plays as a left midfielder for FC Basel.", "Valentin Stocker __knowledge__ Stocker began his youth career with SC Kriens, playing there between 1996 and December 2005.", "Valentin Stocker __knowledge__ As of January 2006 he transferred to Basel and played for their Under-21 team in the Swiss 1.", "Valentin Stocker __knowledge__ Liga.", "Valentin Stocker __knowledge__ He was called into the first team squad during the 2007–08 season after becoming one of the best midfielders in the reserve squad.", "Valentin Stocker __knowledge__ He signed his first professional contract on his 18th birthday.", "Valentin Stocker __knowledge__ Stocker made his first team debut for FC Basel in the Swiss Cup semi-final tie at home to FC Thun at St. Jakob Park on 27 February 2008 as Basel won 1–0.", "Les Stocker __knowledge__ Les Stocker MBE (31 January 1943 – 16 July 2016) was a British wildlife campaigner and expert who founded Tiggywinkles, the United Kingdom's first hospital for wild animals, in 1983.", "Les Stocker __knowledge__ Stocker has been credited with revolutionizing the treatment of sick or injured wild animals in Britain through the practice of wildlife rehabilitation, which is now commonplace across the country.", "Les Stocker __knowledge__ He received numerous honors for his work at Tiggywinkles, including the Rolex Awards for Enterprise in 1990, an appointment as a Member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (MBE) for services to wildlife in 1991, and recognition as an honorary associate of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons in 2002.", "Werner Stocker (actor) __knowledge__ Werner Stocker (April 7, 1955 – May 27, 1993) was a German actor.", "Werner Stocker (actor) __knowledge__ He studied acting at the and at the Otto Falckenberg School of the Performing Arts.", "Werner Stocker (actor) __knowledge__ Stocker appeared in the 1987 American TV movie \"\".", "Werner Stocker (actor) __knowledge__ Werner Stocker also featured in the fantasy hit \"\" as Darius, a 2,000-year-old immortal priest.", "Werner Stocker (actor) __knowledge__ The script of the episode \"\" describes Darius as a monk with a \"hideously ugly face\", but when the producers cast the part, they chose Stocker, who did not fit this description.", "Werner Stocker (actor) __knowledge__ Creative Consultant David Abramovitz explains, \"Darius, originally in the script, was written as almost to look like the Hunchback of Notre Dame, to be physically ugly and with a glorious soul." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Walmart __knowledge__ Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., doing business as Walmart, is an American multinational retail corporation that operates a chain of hypermarkets, discount department stores, and grocery stores.", "Walmart __knowledge__ Headquartered in Bentonville, Arkansas, the company was founded by Sam Walton in 1962 and incorporated on October 31, 1969.", "Walmart __knowledge__ It also owns and operates Sam's Club retail warehouses.", "Walmart __knowledge__ Walmart has 11,703 stores and clubs in 28countries, operating under 59 differentnames.", "Walmart __knowledge__ The company operates under the name Walmart in the United States and Canada, as Walmart de México y Centroamérica in Mexico and Central America, as Asda in the United Kingdom, as the Seiyu Group in Japan, and as Best Price in India.", "Walmart __knowledge__ It has wholly owned operations in Argentina, Chile, Brazil, and Canada.", "Walmart __knowledge__ Walmart is the world's largest company by revenueapproximately US$480 billion according to the Fortune Global 500 list in 2016as well as the largest private employer in the world with 2.3million employees.", "Walmart __knowledge__ It is a publicly traded family-owned business, as the company is controlled by the Walton family.", "Walmart __knowledge__ Sam Walton's heirs own over 50percent of Walmart through their holding company, Walton Enterprises, and through their individual holdings.", "Walmart __knowledge__ Walmart is one of the world's most valuable companies by market value and was the largest U.S. grocery retailer in 2016.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ \"Regular Show\" is an American animated series created by J. G. Quintel.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ The series contains many characters, with seven main characters and various recurring and one-time characters.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai (voiced by J. G. Quintel) is a 5'10\" anthropomorphic blue jay (6' including the crest) who works as a groundskeeper at The Park.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ He has been best friends with Rigby ever since childhood, and together they are very lazy and constantly slack off at their jobs there.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai is more conscientious, mature, and moral about his actions than Rigby is, which sometimes leads to his opposing Rigby when he is the cause of some kind of chaotic problem.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (, lit: \"How many knots are left to untie?\")", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ is a Pakistani drama series, airs on Hum TV.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Created by Angeline Malik, the series is a sequel of the anthology series \"Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain\" (20112014).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ It premiered on 30 October 2016 with a different cast and different story.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ It revolves around a married couple, Saba (Hira Salman) and Kamran (Hassan Ahmed).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ They ask Jameela (servant) to give another servant duty if he/she is interested.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ She suppresses Rozi (Ushna Shah).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Saba is strict with her servants especially with Rozi.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ She drinks water in Saba's glass, to which JHOOTA BURTAN has been derived.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Disney/Pixar's \"Toy Story\" franchise which consists of the animated films \"Toy Story\" (1995), \"Toy Story 2\" (1999), and \"Toy Story 3\" (2010) and the animated short films.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ Voiced by: Sheriff Woody Pride is a 1950s old traditional pull string cowboy doll, and Andy's favorite toy.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ Appearing in all three \"Toy Story\" films, he usually acts as the leader of the gang.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ His rivalry with Buzz forms the basis of the plot of the first film.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ In \"Toy Story 2\", he is stolen at a yard sale by a toy collector, causing the other toys to embark on a rescue mission.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ In \"Toy Story 3\" he and the other toys are shipped to a daycare center.", "Legal issues in airsoft __knowledge__ AirSoft is considered to be a modern shooting sport.", "Legal issues in airsoft __knowledge__ AirSoft guns themselves are legal in many parts of the world, although some countries, states, and cities have specific restrictions against the items.", "Legal issues in airsoft __knowledge__ For example, California State Law states that peoples of all age can use these items, classing them as both tools, and toys.", "Legal issues in airsoft __knowledge__ Public Advisory, however, is that anyone under 12 years of age should be under adult supervision.", "Legal issues in airsoft __knowledge__ Safety regulations in many areas require bright markings on the items (such as an orange tip).", "Legal issues in airsoft __knowledge__ Although the rumor that AirSoft guns are a dangerous weapon, the reality is that they are but a toy.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ Sharon Anne Mitchell (also Watts and Rickman) is a fictional character from the BBC One soap opera \"EastEnders\", played by Letitia Dean.", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ Sharon is one of \"EastEnders\" original characters, appearing in the first episode broadcast on 19 February 1985.", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ The character was conceptualised by Tony Holland and Julia Smith, the creators of \"EastEnders\".", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ Sharon was a teenager when the programme began: the adoptive daughter of Den and Angie Watts.", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ Sharon remained a prominent character into the 1990s due to romantic pairings with brothers Grant (Ross Kemp) and Phil Mitchell (Steve McFadden).", "Sharon Watts __knowledge__ In a long-running storyline dubbed \"Sharongate\", Sharon, married to Grant, has an affair with Phil.", "C-Net DS2 __knowledge__ C-Net DS2 (Developers System, Second Generation) was a full featured, single-line, Bulletin board system (BBS) software system released in 1986 for the Commodore 64 microcomputer.", "C-Net DS2 __knowledge__ The DS2 system was notable in that its authors proved that it was possible to perform significant and useful serious computing tasks on a hardware platform with such severely limited resources that even the manufacturer called it only a \"game machine\".", "C-Net DS2 __knowledge__ The Commodore-64 was a simple computer, based on the MOS Technology 6502 8-bit microprocessor, with 64 kilobytes of RAM, only 38k of which was available for program code and variables that could be used by the built-in BASIC programming language interpreter.", "DS2 __knowledge__ DS2 (abbreviation of Dirty Sprite 2) is the third studio album by American rapper Future.", "DS2 __knowledge__ It was released on July 17, 2015, by A1 Recordings, Freebandz and Epic Records.", "DS2 __knowledge__ It serves as the sequel to his breakout mixtape, \"Dirty Sprite\" (2011).", "DS2 __knowledge__ The album was supported by three singles: \"Fuck Up Some Commas\", \"Where Ya At\" and \"Stick Talk\".", "DS2 __knowledge__ \"DS2\" received generally positive reviews from critics, and was ranked as one of the best albums of 2015 by several publications.", "DS2 __knowledge__ The album debuted at number one on the US \"Billboard\" 200, and it earned 151,000 units in its first week.", "DS2 __knowledge__ In January 2016, the album sold 344,000 in the United States.", "Sales taxes in the United States __knowledge__ Sales taxes in the United States are taxes placed on the sale or lease of goods and services in the United States.", "Sales taxes in the United States __knowledge__ In the United States, sales tax is governed at the state level and no national general sales tax exists.", "Sales taxes in the United States __knowledge__ Forty-five states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and Guam impose general sales taxes that apply to the sale or lease of most goods and some services, and states also may levy selective sales taxes on the sale or lease of particular goods or services.", "Sales taxes in the United States __knowledge__ States may also delegate to local governments the authority to impose additional general or selective sales taxes.", "Sales taxes in the United States __knowledge__ Since January 2017, 5 states (Alaska, Delaware, Montana, New Hampshire and Oregon) do not levy a statewide sales tax, while California has the highest state sales tax with a base rate of 7.25%.", "Retail __knowledge__ Retail markets and shops have a very ancient history, dating back to antiquity.", "Retail __knowledge__ Over the centuries, retail shops were transformed from little more than \"rude booths\" to the sophisticated shopping malls of the modern era.", "Retail __knowledge__ Retailing involves the process of selling consumer goods or Services to customers through multiple channels of distribution to earn a profit.", "Retail __knowledge__ Retailers satisfy demand identified through a supply chain.", "Retail __knowledge__ Some of the earliest retailers were itinerant peddlers.", "Retail __knowledge__ The term \"retailer\" is typically applied where a service provider fills the small orders of a large number of individuals, who are end-users, rather than large orders of a small number of wholesale, corporate or government clientele.", "Loyalty program __knowledge__ Loyalty programs are structured marketing strategies designed by merchants to encourage customers to continue to shop at or use the services of businesses associated with each program.", "Loyalty program __knowledge__ These programs exist covering most types of commerce, each one having varying features and rewards-schemes.", "Loyalty program __knowledge__ In marketing generally and in retailing more specifically, a loyalty card, rewards card, points card, advantage card, or club card is a plastic or paper card, visually similar to a credit card, debit card, or digital card that identifies the card holder as a participant in a loyalty program.", "Loyalty program __knowledge__ Loyalty cards (both physical and digital) relate to the loyalty business-model.", "Shoplifting __knowledge__ Shoplifting (also known in slang as boosting and five-finger discount) is a popular term used for the unnoticed theft of goods from an open retail establishment.", "Shoplifting __knowledge__ Shoplifting typically involves a person concealing a store item on their person, in pockets or under clothes (or in a bag, baby stroller, etc.)", "Shoplifting __knowledge__ and leaving the store without paying for it.", "Shoplifting __knowledge__ With clothing, shoplifters may put on items from the store and leave the store wearing the clothes.", "Shoplifting __knowledge__ The terms \"shoplifting\" and \"shoplifter\" are not usually defined in law.", "Shoplifting __knowledge__ The crime of shoplifting generally falls under the legal classification of larceny." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Walmart __knowledge__ Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., doing business as Walmart, is an American multinational retail corporation that operates a chain of hypermarkets, discount department stores, and grocery stores.", "Walmart __knowledge__ Headquartered in Bentonville, Arkansas, the company was founded by Sam Walton in 1962 and incorporated on October 31, 1969.", "Walmart __knowledge__ It also owns and operates Sam's Club retail warehouses.", "Walmart __knowledge__ Walmart has 11,703 stores and clubs in 28countries, operating under 59 differentnames.", "Walmart __knowledge__ The company operates under the name Walmart in the United States and Canada, as Walmart de México y Centroamérica in Mexico and Central America, as Asda in the United Kingdom, as the Seiyu Group in Japan, and as Best Price in India.", "Walmart __knowledge__ It has wholly owned operations in Argentina, Chile, Brazil, and Canada.", "Walmart __knowledge__ Walmart is the world's largest company by revenueapproximately US$480 billion according to the Fortune Global 500 list in 2016as well as the largest private employer in the world with 2.3million employees.", "Walmart __knowledge__ It is a publicly traded family-owned business, as the company is controlled by the Walton family.", "Walmart __knowledge__ Sam Walton's heirs own over 50percent of Walmart through their holding company, Walton Enterprises, and through their individual holdings.", "Walmart __knowledge__ Walmart is one of the world's most valuable companies by market value and was the largest U.S. grocery retailer in 2016.", "Criticism of Walmart __knowledge__ Walmart has been criticized by groups and individuals, including labor unions and small-town advocates protesting against Walmart policies and business practices and their effects.", "Criticism of Walmart __knowledge__ Criticisms include charges of racial and gender discrimination, foreign product sourcing, treatment of product suppliers, environmental practices, the use of public subsidies, and the company's security policies.", "Criticism of Walmart __knowledge__ Walmart denies any wrongdoing and says that low prices are the result of efficiency.", "Criticism of Walmart __knowledge__ In 2005, labor unions created new organizations and websites to criticize the company, including Wake Up Wal-Mart (United Food and Commercial Workers) and Walmart Watch (Service Employees International Union).", "Walmart Canada __knowledge__ Walmart Canada Corp. is the Canadian division of Walmart which is headquartered in Mississauga, Ontario.", "Walmart Canada __knowledge__ It was founded on March 17, 1994 with the purchase of the Woolco Canada chain from the F. W. Woolworth Company.", "Walmart Canada __knowledge__ Originally consisting of discount stores, Walmart Canada's contemporaries include Hart Stores, and Giant Tiger.", "Walmart Canada __knowledge__ It also competes in many areas with Home Hardware, Canadian Tire and Dollarama.", "Walmart Canada __knowledge__ Walmart Canada's six Sam's Club stores (2006-2009, only in Ontario) competed with warehouse club Costco and hypermarket Real Canadian Superstore.", "Walmart Canada __knowledge__ Based on the success of the US format, Walmart Canada has focused on expanding Supercentres from new or converted locations, offering groceries which puts them in the same market as supermarket chains such as Loblaws, Real Canadian Superstore, Metro, Sobeys, Thrifty Foods, Safeway, Save-On-Foods, Country Grocer, Fairway Markets, Quality Foods, Co-op and others.", "Dhayam __knowledge__ Dhayam () is a 2017 Indian Tamil thriller film written and directed by Kannan Rangaswamy and produced by A. R. S. Sunder.", "Dhayam __knowledge__ Entirely shot inside a single room, the film stars Santhosh Prathap, Jayakumar, Aanchal Singh, Samaira Sandhu and Aira Agarval amongst others in leading roles.", "Dhayam __knowledge__ Featuring music composed by Sathish Selvam, cinematography by A. Packiaraj and editing by R. Sudharsan, the film had a theatrical release on 24 March 2017.", "Dhayam __knowledge__ Eight people enter a room in a company for an interview for the post of CEO.", "Dhayam __knowledge__ The Room has no windows, the walls are white and has a clock attached to one side.", "Dhayam __knowledge__ There are 5 men and 3 women.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Asda __knowledge__ Asda Stores Ltd. trading as Asda, is a British supermarket retailer, headquartered in Leeds, West Yorkshire.", "Asda __knowledge__ The company was founded in 1965 when the supermarket owning Asquith family merged with the Associated Dairies company of Yorkshire.", "Asda __knowledge__ It expanded in to the south of England during the 1970s and 1980s, and acquired Allied Carpets, 61 large Gateway Supermarkets and other businesses, such as MFI, then during the 1990s, sold off its acquisitions to concentrate on the supermarkets.", "Asda __knowledge__ It became a subsidiary of the American retail corporate giant Walmart after a £6.7 billion takeover in July 1999, and was the second-largest supermarket chain in Britain between 2003 and 2014 by market share, and is currently third behind Tesco and Sainsbury's.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton, the nominee of the Democratic Party for president of the United States in 2016, has taken positions on political issues while serving as First Lady of Arkansas (1979–81; 1983–92), First Lady of the United States (1993–2001); as U.S.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Senator from New York (2001–2009); and serving as the United States Secretary of State (2009–2013).", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In accordance with longstanding custom, during her time as Secretary of State she largely avoided taking stances on most domestic political issues.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In 2015, she announced her candidacy for the presidency.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Clinton won the Democratic primaries and formally became the party's nominee at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.", "Tendency of the rate of profit to fall __knowledge__ The tendency of the rate of profit to fall (TRPF) is a hypothesis in economics and political economy, most famously expounded by Karl Marx in chapter 13 of \"Capital, Volume III\".", "Tendency of the rate of profit to fall __knowledge__ Although not accepted in 20th century mainstream economics, the existence of such a tendency was widely noted throughout the 19th century.", "Tendency of the rate of profit to fall __knowledge__ Economists as diverse as Adam Smith, John Stuart Mill, David Ricardo and Stanley Jevons referred explicitly to the TRPF as an empirical phenomenon that needed to be explained.", "Tendency of the rate of profit to fall __knowledge__ They differed in the reasons they gave for why the TRPF might necessarily occur.", "Tendency of the rate of profit to fall __knowledge__ In his 1857 \"Grundrisse\" manuscript, Karl Marx called the tendency of the rate of profit to fall \"the most important law of political economy\" and sought to give a causal explanation for it, in terms of his theory of capital accumulation.", "English contract law __knowledge__ English contract law is a body of law regulating contracts in England and Wales.", "English contract law __knowledge__ With its roots in the lex mercatoria and the activism of the judiciary during the industrial revolution, it shares a heritage with countries across the Commonwealth (such as Australia, Canada, India), and to a lesser extent the United States.", "English contract law __knowledge__ It is also experiencing gradual change because of the UK's membership of the European Union and international organisations like Unidroit.", "English contract law __knowledge__ Any agreement that is enforceable in court is a contract.", "English contract law __knowledge__ Because a contract is a voluntary obligation, in contrast to paying compensation for a tort and restitution to reverse unjust enrichment, English law places a high value on ensuring people have truly consented to the deals that bind them in court.", "History of Walmart __knowledge__ This article covers the history of Walmart, the large international discount retail chain.", "History of Walmart __knowledge__ In 1950, Sam Walton purchased a store from Luther E. Harrison in Bentonville, Arkansas, and opened Walton's 5 & 10.", "History of Walmart __knowledge__ Thus, the Ozark Mountain town of 2,900 residents would become the headquarters for the world's largest retailer.", "History of Walmart __knowledge__ At some point Sam Walton made the decision to achieve higher sales volumes by keeping sales prices lower than his competitors by reducing his profit margin.", "History of Walmart __knowledge__ Inspired by the successes of other discount department store chains, Walton opened the second store in Harrison, Arkansas that year.", "Law of value __knowledge__ The law of value (German: \"Wertgesetz\") is a central concept in Karl Marx's critique of political economy, first expounded in his polemic \"The Poverty of Philosophy\" (1847) against Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, with reference to David Ricardo's economics.", "Law of value __knowledge__ Most generally, it refers to a regulative principle of the economic exchange of the products of human work: the relative exchange-values of those products in trade, usually expressed by money-prices, are proportional to the average amounts of human labor-time which are currently socially necessary to produce them.", "Law of value __knowledge__ Thus, the fluctuating exchange value of commodities (exchangeable products) is regulated by their value, where the magnitude of their value is determined by the average quantity of human labour which is currently socially necessary to produce them (see labor theory of value and value-form).", "South African labour law __knowledge__ South African labour law regulates the relationship between employers, employees and trade unions in the Republic of South Africa.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ The Native Labour Regulations Act 1911 prohibited strikes by trade unions, introduced wage ceilings and a pass system for moving around jobs.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Over 70,000 Chinese labourers were brought in, and used by landowners to undercut the wages of other workers.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Among white workers, there was significant unrest, and major strikes took place in 1907, 1913, 1914 and 1922 For a period of sixteen years, from 1979 to 1995, several critical developments occurred in the field of labour law in South Africa, beginning with a radical change in the first of these years, when a significant Commission of Enquiry was held, resulting in the establishment of an Industrial Court, which was given extensive powers to mould, change, shape and develop the law." ] ]

[ 10, 1, 8, 11 ]

[ "Hello there! I work as a stocker at Walmart, one of the most valuable companies as of 2016.", "It really is a great store to purchase a variety of things such as groceries, department clothes, at reasonable discounts too.", "The reason for it being so reasonable is because the owner, Sam Walton, wanted to provide cheaper prices in comparision to competitors, so even if it means he loses profits, he gains more in the long-run.", "Unfortunately it is like that. Walmart has faced criticism in certain places for not paying enough and it has even got to the point where there were protests against Walmart policies." ]

[ "Walmart", "Walmart", "Walmart", "Walmart" ]

[ "Comic book", "nice! when did comic books get their start?", "wow that is interesting. are there different types of comic books?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Comic book __knowledge__ A comic book or comicbook, also called comic magazine or simply comic, is a publication that consists of comic art in the form of sequential juxtaposed panels that represent individual scenes.", "Comic book __knowledge__ Panels are often accompanied by brief descriptive prose and written narrative, usually dialog contained in word balloons emblematic of the comics art form.", "Comic book __knowledge__ Although some origins in 18th century Japan and 1830s Europe, comic books were first popularized in the United States during the 1930s.", "Comic book __knowledge__ The first modern comic book, \"Famous Funnies\", was released in the United States in 1933 and was a reprinting of earlier newspaper humor comic strips, which had established many of the story-telling devices used in comics.", "Comic book __knowledge__ The term \"comic book\" derives from American comic books once being a compilation of comic strips of a humorous tone; however, this practice was replaced by featuring stories of all genres, usually not humorous in tone.", "Comic book __knowledge__ Comic books are reliant on their organization and appearance.", "Comic book __knowledge__ Authors largely focus on the frame of the page, size, orientation, and panel positions.", "Comic book __knowledge__ These characteristic aspects of comic books are necessary in conveying the content and messages of the author.", "Comic book __knowledge__ The key elements of comic books include panels, balloons (speech bubbles), text (lines), and characters." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Comic book __knowledge__ A comic book or comicbook, also called comic magazine or simply comic, is a publication that consists of comic art in the form of sequential juxtaposed panels that represent individual scenes.", "Comic book __knowledge__ Panels are often accompanied by brief descriptive prose and written narrative, usually dialog contained in word balloons emblematic of the comics art form.", "Comic book __knowledge__ Although some origins in 18th century Japan and 1830s Europe, comic books were first popularized in the United States during the 1930s.", "Comic book __knowledge__ The first modern comic book, \"Famous Funnies\", was released in the United States in 1933 and was a reprinting of earlier newspaper humor comic strips, which had established many of the story-telling devices used in comics.", "Comic book __knowledge__ The term \"comic book\" derives from American comic books once being a compilation of comic strips of a humorous tone; however, this practice was replaced by featuring stories of all genres, usually not humorous in tone.", "Comic book __knowledge__ Comic books are reliant on their organization and appearance.", "Comic book __knowledge__ Authors largely focus on the frame of the page, size, orientation, and panel positions.", "Comic book __knowledge__ These characteristic aspects of comic books are necessary in conveying the content and messages of the author.", "Comic book __knowledge__ The key elements of comic books include panels, balloons (speech bubbles), text (lines), and characters.", "Portrayal of women in American comics __knowledge__ The portrayal of Women in American comic books have often been the subject of controversy since the medium's beginning.", "Portrayal of women in American comics __knowledge__ Critics have noted the roles of women as both supporting characters and lead characters are substantially more subjected to gender stereotypes, with femininity and or sexual characteristics having a larger presence in their overall character.", "Portrayal of women in American comics __knowledge__ During the Golden Age of comic books (a time during which the medium evolved from comic strips) women who were not superheroes were primarily portrayed in secondary roles, with some examples being classified as career girls, romance-story heroines, or lively teenagers.", "Silver Age of Comic Books __knowledge__ The Silver Age of Comic Books was a period of artistic advancement and commercial success in mainstream American comic books, predominantly those in the superhero genre.", "Silver Age of Comic Books __knowledge__ Following the Golden Age of Comic Books and an interregnum in the early to mid-1950s, the Silver Age is considered to cover the period from 1956 to circa 1970, and was succeeded by the Bronze and Modern Ages.", "Silver Age of Comic Books __knowledge__ The popularity and circulation of comic books about superheroes declined following World War II, and comic books about horror, crime and romance took larger shares of the market.", "Silver Age of Comic Books __knowledge__ However, controversy arose over alleged links between comic books and juvenile delinquency, focusing in particular on crime and horror titles.", "Dutch comics __knowledge__ Dutch comics are comics made in the Netherlands.", "Dutch comics __knowledge__ In Dutch the most common designation for the whole art form is \"strip\" (though the old-fashioned expression \"beeldverhaal\" – \"picture story\" – remains utilized on occasion, particularly in formal texts and treatises on the subject matter), while the word \"comic\" is used for the (usually) soft cover American style comic book format, typically containing translated US superhero material.", "Dutch comics __knowledge__ This use of the in colloquial Dutch adopted English word for that format can cause confusion in English language texts.", "Dutch comics __knowledge__ Since the Netherlands share the same language with Flanders, many Belgian comics and Franco-Belgian comics have also been published there, the latter in translation.", "American comic book __knowledge__ An American comic book is a thin periodical, typically 32-pages, containing comics content.", "American comic book __knowledge__ While the form originated in 1933, American comic books first gained popularity after the 1938 publication of \"Action Comics\", which included the debut of the superhero Superman.", "American comic book __knowledge__ This was followed by a superhero boom that lasted until the end of World War II.", "American comic book __knowledge__ After the war, while superheroes were marginalized, the comic book industry rapidly expanded, and genres such as horror, crime, and romance became popular.", "American comic book __knowledge__ The 1950s saw a gradual decline, due to a shift away from print media in the wake of television and the impact of the Comics Code Authority.", "Comic book collecting __knowledge__ Comic book collecting is a hobby that treats comic books and related items as collectibles or artwork to be sought after and preserved.", "Comic book collecting __knowledge__ Though considerably more recent than the collecting of postage stamps (philately) or books (bibliophilia), it has a major following around the world today and is partially responsible for the increased interest in comics after the temporary slump experienced during the 1980s.", "Comic book collecting __knowledge__ Comics are collected for several possible reasons, including appreciation, nostalgia, financial profit, and completion of the collection.", "Comic book collecting __knowledge__ The comic book came to light in the pop culture arena in the 1930s due to the popularity of superhero characters Superman, Batman, and Captain Marvel.", "Franco-Belgian comics __knowledge__ Franco-Belgian comics (; ) are comics that are created for French-Belgian (Wallonia) and/or French readership.", "Franco-Belgian comics __knowledge__ These countries have a long tradition in comics and comic books, where they are known as \"BD\"s, an abbreviation of \"bandes dessinées\" (literally \"drawn strips\") in French and \"stripverhalen\" (literally \"strip stories\") or simply \"strips\" in Dutch.", "Franco-Belgian comics __knowledge__ In Europe, the French language is spoken natively not only in France but also by about 40% of the population of Belgium, 16% of the population of Luxembourg, and about 20% of the population of Switzerland.", "Franco-Belgian comics __knowledge__ The shared language creates an artistic and commercial market where national identity is often blurred.", "Comics __knowledge__ The history of comics has followed different paths in different cultures.", "Comics __knowledge__ Scholars have posited a pre-history as far back as the Lascaux cave paintings.", "Comics __knowledge__ By the mid-20th century, comics flourished particularly in the United States, western Europe (especially in France and Belgium), and Japan.", "Comics __knowledge__ The history of European comics is often traced to Rodolphe Töpffer's cartoon strips of the 1830s, and became popular following the success in the 1930s of strips and books such as \"The Adventures of Tintin\".", "Comics __knowledge__ American comics emerged as a mass medium in the early 20th century with the advent of newspaper comic strips; magazine-style comic books followed in the 1930s, in which the superhero genre became prominent after Superman appeared in 1938.", "Horror comics __knowledge__ Horror comics are comic books, graphic novels, black-and-white comics magazines, and manga focusing on horror fiction.", "Horror comics __knowledge__ In the US market, horror comic books reached a peak in the late 1940s through the mid-1950s, when concern over content and the imposition of the self-censorship Comics Code Authority contributed to the demise of many titles and the toning down of others.", "Horror comics __knowledge__ Black-and-white horror-comics magazines, which did not fall under the Code, flourished from the mid-1960s through the early 1980s from a variety of publishers.", "Horror comics __knowledge__ Mainstream American color comic books experienced a horror resurgence in the 1970s, following a loosening of the Code.", "Hungarian comics __knowledge__ Hungarian comics are comics made in Hungary and by the Hungarian diaspora of the surrounding countries.", "Hungarian comics __knowledge__ When dealing with Hungarian comics, one cannot separate comics made by Hungarians from translated foreign matter, since in some eras most of the publications come from the latter group and influence comics fandom and the general picture about comics in the country.", "Hungarian comics __knowledge__ The roots of Hungarian comics reach back to the mid 19th century.", "Hungarian comics __knowledge__ Until the late 1930s the development of the genre were parallel to current trends in European comics.", "Hungarian comics __knowledge__ Comic strips were generally found in newspapers and magazines, featuring works from both Hungarian and foreign artists.", "Comic book convention __knowledge__ A comic book convention or comic con is an event with a primary focus on comic books and comic book culture, in which comic book fans gather to meet creators, experts, and each other.", "Comic book convention __knowledge__ Commonly, comic conventions are multi-day events hosted at convention centers, hotels, or college campuses.", "Comic book convention __knowledge__ They feature a wide variety of activities and panels, with a larger number of attendees participating in cosplay than most other types of fan conventions.", "Comic book convention __knowledge__ Comic book conventions are also used as a vehicle for industry, in which publishers, distributors, and retailers represent their comic-related releases.", "Comic book convention __knowledge__ Comic book conventions may be considered derivatives of science-fiction conventions, which began in the late 1930s." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Comic book __knowledge__ A comic book or comicbook, also called comic magazine or simply comic, is a publication that consists of comic art in the form of sequential juxtaposed panels that represent individual scenes.", "Comic book __knowledge__ Panels are often accompanied by brief descriptive prose and written narrative, usually dialog contained in word balloons emblematic of the comics art form.", "Comic book __knowledge__ Although some origins in 18th century Japan and 1830s Europe, comic books were first popularized in the United States during the 1930s.", "Comic book __knowledge__ The first modern comic book, \"Famous Funnies\", was released in the United States in 1933 and was a reprinting of earlier newspaper humor comic strips, which had established many of the story-telling devices used in comics.", "Comic book __knowledge__ The term \"comic book\" derives from American comic books once being a compilation of comic strips of a humorous tone; however, this practice was replaced by featuring stories of all genres, usually not humorous in tone.", "Comic book __knowledge__ Comic books are reliant on their organization and appearance.", "Comic book __knowledge__ Authors largely focus on the frame of the page, size, orientation, and panel positions.", "Comic book __knowledge__ These characteristic aspects of comic books are necessary in conveying the content and messages of the author.", "Comic book __knowledge__ The key elements of comic books include panels, balloons (speech bubbles), text (lines), and characters.", "Batman __knowledge__ Batman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.", "Batman __knowledge__ The character was created by artist Bob Kane and writer Bill Finger, and first appeared in \"Detective Comics\" #27 (1939).", "Batman __knowledge__ Originally named the \"Bat-Man\", the character is also referred to by such epithets as the Caped Crusader, the Dark Knight, and the World's Greatest Detective.", "Batman __knowledge__ Batman's secret identity is Bruce Wayne, a wealthy American playboy, philanthropist, and owner of Wayne Enterprises.", "Batman __knowledge__ After witnessing the murder of his parents Dr. Thomas Wayne and Martha Wayne as a child, he swore vengeance against criminals, an oath tempered by a sense of justice.", "Comic book collecting __knowledge__ Comic book collecting is a hobby that treats comic books and related items as collectibles or artwork to be sought after and preserved.", "Comic book collecting __knowledge__ Though considerably more recent than the collecting of postage stamps (philately) or books (bibliophilia), it has a major following around the world today and is partially responsible for the increased interest in comics after the temporary slump experienced during the 1980s.", "Comic book collecting __knowledge__ Comics are collected for several possible reasons, including appreciation, nostalgia, financial profit, and completion of the collection.", "Comic book collecting __knowledge__ The comic book came to light in the pop culture arena in the 1930s due to the popularity of superhero characters Superman, Batman, and Captain Marvel.", "Hungarian comics __knowledge__ Hungarian comics are comics made in Hungary and by the Hungarian diaspora of the surrounding countries.", "Hungarian comics __knowledge__ When dealing with Hungarian comics, one cannot separate comics made by Hungarians from translated foreign matter, since in some eras most of the publications come from the latter group and influence comics fandom and the general picture about comics in the country.", "Hungarian comics __knowledge__ The roots of Hungarian comics reach back to the mid 19th century.", "Hungarian comics __knowledge__ Until the late 1930s the development of the genre were parallel to current trends in European comics.", "Hungarian comics __knowledge__ Comic strips were generally found in newspapers and magazines, featuring works from both Hungarian and foreign artists.", "Silver Age of Comic Books __knowledge__ The Silver Age of Comic Books was a period of artistic advancement and commercial success in mainstream American comic books, predominantly those in the superhero genre.", "Silver Age of Comic Books __knowledge__ Following the Golden Age of Comic Books and an interregnum in the early to mid-1950s, the Silver Age is considered to cover the period from 1956 to circa 1970, and was succeeded by the Bronze and Modern Ages.", "Silver Age of Comic Books __knowledge__ The popularity and circulation of comic books about superheroes declined following World War II, and comic books about horror, crime and romance took larger shares of the market.", "Silver Age of Comic Books __knowledge__ However, controversy arose over alleged links between comic books and juvenile delinquency, focusing in particular on crime and horror titles.", "Comic book convention __knowledge__ A comic book convention or comic con is an event with a primary focus on comic books and comic book culture, in which comic book fans gather to meet creators, experts, and each other.", "Comic book convention __knowledge__ Commonly, comic conventions are multi-day events hosted at convention centers, hotels, or college campuses.", "Comic book convention __knowledge__ They feature a wide variety of activities and panels, with a larger number of attendees participating in cosplay than most other types of fan conventions.", "Comic book convention __knowledge__ Comic book conventions are also used as a vehicle for industry, in which publishers, distributors, and retailers represent their comic-related releases.", "Comic book convention __knowledge__ Comic book conventions may be considered derivatives of science-fiction conventions, which began in the late 1930s.", "Canadian comics __knowledge__ Canadian comics refers to comics and cartooning by citizens of Canada or permanent residents of Canada regardless of residence.", "Canadian comics __knowledge__ Canada has two official languages, and distinct comics cultures have developed in English and French Canada.", "Canadian comics __knowledge__ The English tends to follow American trends, and the French Franco-Belgian ones, with little crossover between the two cultures.", "Canadian comics __knowledge__ Canadian comics run the gamut of comics forms, including editorial cartooning, comic strips, comic books, graphic novels, and webcomics, and are published in newspapers, magazines, books, and online.", "Canadian comics __knowledge__ They have received attention in international comics communities and have received support from the federal and provincial governments, including grants from the Canada Council for the Arts.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands had a considerable part in the making of modern society.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands and its people have made numerous seminal contributions to the world's civilization, especially in art, science, technology and engineering, economics and finance, cartography and geography, exploration and navigation, law and jurisprudence, thought and philosophy, medicine, and agriculture.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ Dutch-speaking people, in spite of their relatively small number, have a significant history of invention, innovation, discovery and exploration.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The following list is composed of objects, (largely) unknown lands, breakthrough ideas/concepts, principles, phenomena, processes, methods, techniques, styles etc., that were discovered or invented (or pioneered) by people from the Netherlands and Dutch-speaking people from the former Southern Netherlands (\"Zuid-Nederlanders\" in Dutch).", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ The music of Cuba, including its instruments, performance and dance, comprises a large set of unique traditions influenced mostly by west African and European (especially Spanish) music.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ Due to the syncretic nature of most of its genres, Cuban music is often considered one of the richest and most influential regional musics of the world.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ For instance, the son cubano merges an adapted Spanish guitar (tres), melody, harmony, and lyrical traditions with Afro-Cuban percussion and rhythms.", "Music of Cuba __knowledge__ Almost nothing remains of the original native traditions, since the native population was exterminated in the 16th century.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK's history as a developed island country, a liberal democracy and a major power; its predominantly Christian religious life; and its composition of four countries—England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland—each of which has distinct customs, cultures and symbolism.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture, and Humanism, Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ British literature, music, cinema, art, theatre, comedy, media, television, philosophy, architecture and education are important aspects of British culture.", "Music of Madagascar __knowledge__ The highly diverse and distinctive music of Madagascar has been shaped by the musical traditions of Southeast Asia, Africa, Arabia, England, France and the United States as successive waves of settlers have made the island their home.", "Music of Madagascar __knowledge__ Traditional instruments reflect these widespread origins: the \"mandoliny\" and \"kabosy\" owe their existence to the introduction of the guitar by early Arab or European seafarers, the ubiquitous \"djembe\" originated in mainland Africa and the \"valiha\"—the bamboo tube zither considered the national instrument of Madagascar—directly evolved from an earlier form of zither carried with the first Austronesian settlers on their outrigger canoes.", "Musical theatre __knowledge__ Musical theatre is a form of theatrical performance that combines songs, spoken dialogue, acting, and dance.", "Musical theatre __knowledge__ The story and emotional content of a musical – humor, pathos, love, anger – are communicated through the words, music, movement and technical aspects of the entertainment as an integrated whole.", "Musical theatre __knowledge__ Although musical theatre overlaps with other theatrical forms like opera and dance, it may be distinguished by the equal importance given to the music as compared with the dialogue, movement and other elements.", "Musical theatre __knowledge__ Since the early 20th century, musical theatre stage works have generally been called, simply, musicals.", "Great Divergence __knowledge__ \"Great Divergence\" is a term made popular by Kenneth Pomeranz's book by that title, (also known as the European miracle, a term coined by Eric Jones in 1981) referring to the process by which the Western world (i.e.", "Great Divergence __knowledge__ Western Europe and the parts of the New World where its people became the dominant populations) overcame pre-modern growth constraints and emerged during the 19th century as the most powerful and wealthy world civilization, eclipsing Medieval India, Qing China, the Ottoman Empire, and Tokugawa Japan.", "Great Divergence __knowledge__ Scholars have proposed a wide variety of theories to explain why the Great Divergence happened, including geography, colonialism, resources, customary traditions, and socio-economics." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 5 ]

[ "I used to love comic books when I was younger! It consists of art in the form of sequential juxtaposed panels that represent individual scenes.", "They were first popularized in the US during the 1930s, but they have origins in the 18th century in Japan.", "There are. Originally the term comics book came from comic strips of humorous tone, but nowadays, there are comics of all genres, usually not humorous." ]

[ "Comic book", "Comic book", "Comic book" ]

[ "Surfing\nI would love to learn to surf but I'm terrified of sharks! Do you surf?", "I have no idea how many sharks are in the Gulf of Mexico but there out there! lol Where do like to surf?", "When I lived in Charleston, SC I did observe a few surfers but the waves were still quite small I would think. Where is the best place to surf?", "Yes! I love wave pools and I could definitely surf there! lol" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surf culture is the culture that includes the people, language, fashion, and lifestyle surrounding the sport of surfing.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ The history of surfing began with the ancient Polynesians.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ That initial culture directly influenced modern surfing, which began to flourish and evolve in the early 20th century, with its popularity spiking during the 1950s and 1960s (principally in Hawaii, Australia, and California).", "Surf culture __knowledge__ It has affected music, clothing fashion, literature, film, art, and youth jargon in popular culture' the number of surfers throughout the world continues to increase.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surfers' desire for the best possible waves to ride make them dependent on conditions that may change rapidly, given the unpredictable nature of weather events and their effect on the surface of the ocean.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The Beach Boys are an American rock band formed in Hawthorne, California, in 1961.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The group's original lineup consisted of brothers Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson; their cousin Mike Love; and their friend Al Jardine.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ Distinguished by their vocal harmonies and early surf songs, they are one of the most influential acts of the rock era.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ The band drew on the music of jazz-based vocal groups, 1950s rock and roll, and black R&B to create their unique sound, and with Brian as producer, composer, and de facto leader, they pioneered novel approaches to popular music form and production.", "The Beach Boys __knowledge__ He later arranged his compositions for studio orchestras and explored a variety of other styles, often incorporating classical or jazz elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways.", "Surf music __knowledge__ Surf music is a subgenre of rock music associated with surf culture, particularly as found in Southern California.", "Surf music __knowledge__ It was especially popular from 1962 to 1964 in two major forms.", "Surf music __knowledge__ The first is instrumental surf, distinguished by reverb-drenched electric guitars played to evoke the sound of crashing waves, largely pioneered by Dick Dale and the Del-Tones.", "Surf music __knowledge__ The second is vocal surf, which took the original surf sound and added vocal harmonies backed by basic Chuck Berry rhythms, a movement led by the Beach Boys.", "Surf music __knowledge__ Dick Dale developed the surf sound from instrumental rock, where he added Middle Eastern and Mexican influences, a spring reverb, and the rapid alternate picking characteristics.", "Smile (The Beach Boys album) __knowledge__ Smile (sometimes stylized as SMiLE) was a projected album by American rock band the Beach Boys intended to follow their 11th studio album, \"Pet Sounds\" (1966).", "Smile (The Beach Boys album) __knowledge__ After bandleader Brian Wilson abandoned large portions of music recorded over a ten-month period, the band substituted its release with \"Smiley Smile\" (1967), an album containing stripped-down remakes of some \"Smile\" material.", "Smile (The Beach Boys album) __knowledge__ Some of the original \"Smile\" tracks eventually found their way onto subsequent Beach Boys' studio and compilation albums.", "Smile (The Beach Boys album) __knowledge__ As more fans learned of the project's origins, details of its recordings acquired considerable mystique, and it was later acknowledged as the most legendary unreleased album in the history of popular music.", "Surf fishing __knowledge__ Surf fishing is the sport of catching fish standing on the shoreline or wading in the surf.", "Surf fishing __knowledge__ A general term, surf fishing may or may not include casting a lure or bait, and refers to all types of shore fishing - from sandy and rocky beaches, rock jetties, or even fishing piers.", "Surf fishing __knowledge__ The terms surfcasting or beachcasting refer more specifically to surf fishing from the beach by casting into the surf at or near the shoreline.", "Surf fishing __knowledge__ With few exceptions, surf fishing is done in saltwater.", "Surf fishing __knowledge__ The basic idea of most surfcasting is to cast a bait or lure as far out into the water as is necessary to reach the target fish from the shore.", "Surf ski __knowledge__ A surf ski is a long, narrow, lightweight kayak with an open (sit-on-top) cockpit, usually with a foot pedal controlled rudder.", "Surf ski __knowledge__ There are two types of surf skis, the spec ski and the ocean ski.", "Surf ski __knowledge__ The spec ski is the traditional craft used by surf life saving clubs and must adhere to strict size and weight.", "Surf ski __knowledge__ The ocean ski on the other hand is typically a longer craft with a deeper cockpit.", "Surf ski __knowledge__ The Spec ski is designed tougher and with more rocker to manoeuvre in and out of the wave zone.", "Surf ski __knowledge__ The ocean ski is made for long-distance ocean paddling and is usually raced downwind with the swells.", "Surf ski __knowledge__ Typically 5.0-6.0 metres(16½-21 ft) long and only 40–50 cm (16-20\") wide, surf skis are extremely fast when paddled on flat water (only an Olympic K1 or K2 kayak is faster) and the fastest paddled craft available over a long distance on ocean swells." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils.", "Shark __knowledge__ Sharks are a group of elasmobranch fish characterized by a cartilaginous skeleton, five to seven gill slits on the sides of the head, and pectoral fins that are not fused to the head.", "Shark __knowledge__ Modern sharks are classified within the clade Selachimorpha (or Selachii) and are the sister group to the rays.", "Shark __knowledge__ However, the term \"shark\" has also been used for extinct members of the subclass Elasmobranchii outside the Selachimorpha, such as \"Cladoselache\" and \"Xenacanthus\", as well as other Chondrichthyes such as the holocephalid eugenedontidans.", "Shark __knowledge__ Under this broader definition, the earliest known sharks date back to more than 420 million years ago.", "Silky shark __knowledge__ The silky shark (\"Carcharhinus falciformis\"), also known by numerous names such as blackspot shark, grey whaler shark, olive shark, ridgeback shark, sickle shark, sickle-shaped shark, and sickle silk shark, is a species of requiem shark, in the family Carcharhinidae, named for the smooth texture of its skin.", "Silky shark __knowledge__ It is one of the most abundant sharks in the pelagic zone, and can be found around the world in tropical waters.", "Silky shark __knowledge__ Highly mobile and migratory, this shark is most often found over the edge of the continental shelf down to .", "Silky shark __knowledge__ The silky shark has a slender, streamlined body and typically grows to a length of .", "Great white shark __knowledge__ The great white shark (\"Carcharodon carcharias\"), commonly known as the great white or the white shark, is a species of large mackerel shark which can be found in the coastal surface waters of all the major oceans.", "Great white shark __knowledge__ The great white shark is notable for its size, with larger female individuals growing to in length and in weight at maturity.", "Great white shark __knowledge__ However most are smaller, males measuring and females on average.", "Great white shark __knowledge__ According to a 2014 study the lifespan of great white sharks is estimated to be as long as 70 years or more, well above previous estimates, making it one of the longest lived cartilaginous fish currently known.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ This Is England '86 is a 2010 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne, a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Set three years later, it focuses on the mod revival scene rather than the skinhead subculture, with the gang variously adopting an eclectic mix of clothing styles.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Like the film version previously, Thomas Turgoose stars as Shaun, with central roles played by Joe Gilgun as Woody, now a scooter-riding mod, although girlfriend Lol (Vicky McClure) and her friend Trev stay loyal to their roots and still wear the skinhead garb.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Lol's sister Kelly has gone new wave/punk, while other gang members adopt psychobilly, early chav and mohican influences.", "LOL __knowledge__ LOL, or lol, is an acronym for laugh(ing) out loud or lots of laughs, and a popular element of Internet slang.", "LOL __knowledge__ It was first used almost exclusively on Usenet, but has since become widespread in other forms of computer-mediated communication and even face-to-face communication.", "LOL __knowledge__ It is one of many initialisms for expressing bodily reactions, in particular laughter, as text, including initialisms for more emphatic expressions of laughter such as LMAO (\"laugh(ing) my ass off\") and ROFL (or its older form ROTFL; \"roll(ing) on the floor laughing\").", "LOL __knowledge__ Other unrelated expansions include the now mostly obsolete \"lots of luck\" or \"lots of love\" used in letter-writing.", "Copper shark __knowledge__ The copper shark, bronze whaler, or narrowtooth shark (\"Carcharhinus brachyurus\") is a species of requiem shark, family Carcharhinidae, and the only member of its genus found mostly at temperate latitudes.", "Copper shark __knowledge__ It is distributed in a number of separate populations in the northeastern and southwestern Atlantic, off southern Africa, in the northwestern and eastern Pacific, and around Australia and New Zealand, with scattered reports from equatorial regions.", "Copper shark __knowledge__ This species can be found from brackish rivers and estuaries, to shallow bays and harbors, to offshore waters deep or more.", "Copper shark __knowledge__ Females are found apart from males for most of the year, and conduct seasonal migrations.", "Dusky shark __knowledge__ The dusky shark (\"Carcharhinus obscurus\") is a species of requiem shark, in the family Carcharhinidae, occurring in tropical and warm-temperate continental seas worldwide.", "Dusky shark __knowledge__ A generalist apex predator, the dusky shark can be found from the coast to the outer continental shelf and adjacent pelagic waters, and has been recorded from a depth of 400 m (1,300 ft).", "Dusky shark __knowledge__ Populations migrate seasonally towards the poles in the summer and towards the equator in the winter, traveling hundreds to thousands of kilometers.", "Dusky shark __knowledge__ One of the largest members of its genus, the dusky shark reaches 4.2 m (14 ft) in length and 347 kg (765 lb) in weight.", "List of Wild Cards characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the \"Wild Cards\" book series.", "List of Wild Cards characters __knowledge__ The Astronomer is a character from the \"Wild Cards\" series of books.", "List of Wild Cards characters __knowledge__ He first appeared in the short story \"Pennies from Hell\" by Lewis Shiner in \"Wild Cards II: Aces High\", though his presence was earlier implied in \"The Long, Dark Night of Fortunato\" in the first volume of the series.", "List of Wild Cards characters __knowledge__ Leader of a cult consisting mainly of superhuman aces and deformed jokers known as the Egyptian Freemasons.", "List of Wild Cards characters __knowledge__ The Astronomer planned to conquer the world in the aftermath of an invasion by fungoid aliens called the Swarm.", "List of Wild Cards characters __knowledge__ Unknown to him, the Shakti device of the Egyptian Freemasons lacked a power source and was designed to contact an alien organization, the Network.", "Windsurfing __knowledge__ Windsurfing is a surface water sport that combines elements of surfing and sailing.", "Windsurfing __knowledge__ It consists of a board usually 2.5 to 3 meters long, with displacements typically between 60 and 250 litres, powered by wind on a sail.", "Windsurfing __knowledge__ The rig is connected to the board by a free-rotating universal joint and consists of a mast, boom and sail.", "Windsurfing __knowledge__ The sail area generally ranges from 2.5 m to 12 m depending on the conditions, the skill of the sailor, the type of windsurfing being undertaken and the weight of the person windsurfing.", "Windsurfing __knowledge__ Some credit S. Newman Darby with the origination of windsurfing by 1964 on the Susquehanna River, Pennsylvania, USA when he invented the \"sailboard\", which, incidentally, he did not patent.", "Jaws (film) __knowledge__ Jaws is a 1975 American thriller film directed by Steven Spielberg and based on Peter Benchley's 1974 novel of the same name.", "Jaws (film) __knowledge__ In the story, a giant man-eating great white shark attacks beachgoers on Amity Island, a fictional New England summer resort town, prompting the local police chief to hunt it with the help of a marine biologist and a professional shark hunter.", "Jaws (film) __knowledge__ The film stars Roy Scheider as police chief Martin Brody, Robert Shaw as shark hunter Quint, Richard Dreyfuss as oceanographer Matt Hooper, Murray Hamilton as Larry Vaughn, the mayor of Amity Island, and Lorraine Gary as Brody's wife, Ellen.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters from the \"Forgotten Realms\" campaign setting for the \"Dungeons & Dragons\" fantasy role-playing game.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Most of these characters have appeared in the multiple series of novels set in the \"Forgotten Realms\".", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Many have some magical abilities.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Aballister Bonaduce is the nemesis of his son Cadderly Bonaduce, the main character of R.A. Salvatore's The Cleric Quintet.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Calculating, cold, and merciless, Aballister is determined to complete his conquest of the region.", "List of Forgotten Realms characters __knowledge__ Guided by the goddess Talona, Mistress of Poison, Aballister creates The Chaos Curse and unleashes it upon The Edificant Library, home of Cadderly and his friends.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surf culture is the culture that includes the people, language, fashion, and lifestyle surrounding the sport of surfing.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ The history of surfing began with the ancient Polynesians.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ That initial culture directly influenced modern surfing, which began to flourish and evolve in the early 20th century, with its popularity spiking during the 1950s and 1960s (principally in Hawaii, Australia, and California).", "Surf culture __knowledge__ It has affected music, clothing fashion, literature, film, art, and youth jargon in popular culture' the number of surfers throughout the world continues to increase.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surfers' desire for the best possible waves to ride make them dependent on conditions that may change rapidly, given the unpredictable nature of weather events and their effect on the surface of the ocean.", "Surf break __knowledge__ A surf break (also break, shore break, or big wave break) is a permanent (or semi permanent) obstruction such as a coral reef, rock, shoal, or headland that causes a wave to break, forming a barreling wave or other wave that can be surfed, before it eventually collapses.", "Surf break __knowledge__ The topography of the seabed determines the shape of the wave and type of break.", "Surf break __knowledge__ Since shoals can change size and location, affecting the break, it takes commitment and skill to find good breaks.", "Surf break __knowledge__ Some surf breaks are quite dangerous, since the surfer can collide with a reef or rocks below the water.", "Surf break __knowledge__ Surf breaks may be defended vehemently by surfers, as human activities and constructions can have unintended and unpredictable consequences which can be either positive, negative, or unknown.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ A surfboard is an elongated platform used in the sport of surfing.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ Surfboards are relatively light, but are strong enough to support an individual standing on them while riding an ocean surface wave breaking wave.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ They were invented in ancient Hawaii, where they were known as \"papa he'e nalu\" in the Hawaiian language, they were usually made of wood from local trees, such as koa, and were often over in length and extremely heavy.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ Major advances over the years include the addition of one or more fins on the bottom rear of the board to improve directional stability, and numerous improvements in materials and shape.", "Mavericks, California __knowledge__ Mavericks is a surfing location in northern California about from shore outside Pillar Point Harbor, just north of the town of Half Moon Bay at the village of Princeton-by-the-Sea.", "Mavericks, California __knowledge__ After a strong winter storm in the northern Pacific Ocean, waves can routinely crest at over and top out at over .", "Mavericks, California __knowledge__ Routinely, waves that break can be recorded on seismometers.", "Mavericks, California __knowledge__ The break is caused by an unusually shaped underwater rock formation.", "Mavericks, California __knowledge__ Mavericks is a winter destination for some of the world's best big wave surfers.", "Mavericks, California __knowledge__ Very few riders become big wave surfers, and of those, only a select few are willing to risk their lives under the hazardous, sometimes deadly, conditions at Mavericks.", "Big wave surfing __knowledge__ Big wave surfing is a discipline within surfing in which experienced surfers paddle into or are towed onto waves which are at least 20 feet (6.2 m) high, on surf boards known as \"guns\" or towboards.", "Big wave surfing __knowledge__ Sizes of the board needed to successfully surf these waves vary by the size of the wave as well as the technique the surfer uses to reach the wave.", "Big wave surfing __knowledge__ A larger, longer board allows a rider to paddle fast enough to catch the wave and has the advantage of being more stable, but it also limits maneuverability and surfing speed.", "Big wave surfing __knowledge__ The current world No.", "Big wave surfing __knowledge__ 1 big wave rider is Makua Rothman.", "Big wave surfing __knowledge__ In 1992, big wave surfers such as Laird Hamilton and Darrick Doerner introduced a cross over sport called tow-in surfing.", "Duluth, Minnesota __knowledge__ Duluth is a major port city in the U.S. state of Minnesota and the county seat of Saint Louis County.", "Duluth, Minnesota __knowledge__ Duluth has a population of 86,293 and is the second-largest city on Lake Superior's shores, after Thunder Bay, Ontario, in Canada; it has the largest metropolitan area on the lake.", "Duluth, Minnesota __knowledge__ The Duluth MSA had a population of 279,771 in 2010, the second-largest in Minnesota.", "Duluth, Minnesota __knowledge__ Situated on the north shore of Lake Superior at the westernmost point of the Great Lakes, Duluth is accessible to oceangoing vessels from the Atlantic Ocean away via the Great Lakes Waterway and the Saint Lawrence Seaway.", "Duluth, Minnesota __knowledge__ Duluth forms a metropolitan area with neighboring Superior, Wisconsin, called the Twin Ports.", "Wind wave __knowledge__ In fluid dynamics, wind waves, or wind-generated waves, are surface waves that occur on the free surface of bodies of water (like oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, canals, puddles or ponds).", "Wind wave __knowledge__ They result from the wind blowing over an area of fluid surface.", "Wind wave __knowledge__ Waves in the oceans can travel thousands of miles before reaching land.", "Wind wave __knowledge__ Wind waves on Earth range in size from small ripples, to waves over high.", "Wind wave __knowledge__ When directly generated and affected by local winds, a wind wave system is called a wind sea.", "Wind wave __knowledge__ After the wind ceases to blow, wind waves are called swells.", "Wind wave __knowledge__ More generally, a swell consists of wind-generated waves that are not significantly affected by the local wind at that time.", "Leakage inductance __knowledge__ Leakage inductance is that property of an electrical transformer that causes a winding to appear to have some pure inductance in series with the mutually-coupled transformer windings.", "Leakage inductance __knowledge__ Usually, this is an undesirable property, but it is sometimes deliberately introduced into a transformer that is used as a ballast for a gas discharge lamp such as a fluorescent lamp, or in a transformer used for arc welding.", "Leakage inductance __knowledge__ In this case, the leakage inductance limits the current flow to the desired magnitude.", "Leakage inductance __knowledge__ Leakage inductance is primarily controlled by the design of the windings and the geometry of the magnetic core used to form the transformer.", "Sea __knowledge__ A sea is a large body of salt water that is surrounded in whole or in part by land.", "Sea __knowledge__ More broadly, \"the sea\" is the interconnected system of Earth's salty, oceanic waters—considered as one global ocean or as several principal oceanic divisions.", "Sea __knowledge__ The sea moderates Earth's climate and has important roles in the water cycle, carbon cycle, and nitrogen cycle.", "Sea __knowledge__ Although the sea has been traveled and explored since prehistory, the modern scientific study of the sea—oceanography—dates broadly to the British \"Challenger\" expedition of the 1870s.", "Sea __knowledge__ The sea is conventionally divided into up to five large oceanic sections—including the International Hydrographic Organization's four named oceans (the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic) and the Southern Ocean; smaller, second-order sections, such as the Mediterranean, are known as \"seas\".", "Surfing in Turkey __knowledge__ Turkey offers warm and crystal clear waves of Mediterranean on the south as well as wind swells of Black Sea on the north.", "Surfing in Turkey __knowledge__ The wave period is shorter than the ocean waves but can reach up to periods of 11-12 second swells although the average swell period is 6–7 seconds.", "Surfing in Turkey __knowledge__ Southern Turkey, the Mediterranean side, is a better surf destination for winter months with its warm blue waters, versatile waves, historical seaside towns and traditional Turkish cuisine with inexpensive accommodation.", "Surfing in Turkey __knowledge__ Winter season is the high season for waves and low season for tourist activity lowering the accommodation prices." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils.", "Surf break __knowledge__ A surf break (also break, shore break, or big wave break) is a permanent (or semi permanent) obstruction such as a coral reef, rock, shoal, or headland that causes a wave to break, forming a barreling wave or other wave that can be surfed, before it eventually collapses.", "Surf break __knowledge__ The topography of the seabed determines the shape of the wave and type of break.", "Surf break __knowledge__ Since shoals can change size and location, affecting the break, it takes commitment and skill to find good breaks.", "Surf break __knowledge__ Some surf breaks are quite dangerous, since the surfer can collide with a reef or rocks below the water.", "Surf break __knowledge__ Surf breaks may be defended vehemently by surfers, as human activities and constructions can have unintended and unpredictable consequences which can be either positive, negative, or unknown.", "Wave pool __knowledge__ A wave pool is a swimming pool in which there are artificially generated, reasonably large waves, similar to those of the ocean.", "Wave pool __knowledge__ Wave pools are often a major feature of water parks.", "Wave pool __knowledge__ Siam Park City Water Park in Thailand is home to the world's largest wave pool certified by Guinness World Records, and Siam Park (Tenerife) in Spain is home to the biggest man made waves (about 3 meters (9.8 ft)) in the world.", "Wave pool __knowledge__ Several locations claim to have developed the first wave pool in the United States, including Big Surf in Tempe, Arizona, in 1969, and Point Mallard Park's Aquatic Center, in the city of Decatur, Alabama.", "Love wave __knowledge__ In elastodynamics, Love waves, named after Augustus Edward Hough Love, are horizontally polarized surface waves.", "Love wave __knowledge__ The Love wave is a result of the interference of many shear waves (S–waves) guided by an elastic layer, which is \"welded\" to an elastic half space on one side while bordering a vacuum on the other side.", "Love wave __knowledge__ In seismology, Love waves (also known as Q waves (\"Q\"uer: German for lateral)) are surface seismic waves that cause horizontal shifting of the Earth during an earthquake.", "Love wave __knowledge__ Augustus Edward Hough Love predicted the existence of Love waves mathematically in 1911.", "Love wave __knowledge__ They form a distinct class, different from other types of seismic waves, such as P-waves and S-waves (both body waves), or Rayleigh waves (another type of surface wave).", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ This Is England '86 is a 2010 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne, a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Set three years later, it focuses on the mod revival scene rather than the skinhead subculture, with the gang variously adopting an eclectic mix of clothing styles.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Like the film version previously, Thomas Turgoose stars as Shaun, with central roles played by Joe Gilgun as Woody, now a scooter-riding mod, although girlfriend Lol (Vicky McClure) and her friend Trev stay loyal to their roots and still wear the skinhead garb.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Lol's sister Kelly has gone new wave/punk, while other gang members adopt psychobilly, early chav and mohican influences.", "Water World, Colorado __knowledge__ Water World is a water park that is part of the Hyland Hills Park and Recreation District and located in Federal Heights, Colorado, roughly north of downtown Denver, Colorado.", "Water World, Colorado __knowledge__ The park first opened in 1979 with the first two waterslides in the state of Colorado (The Bonzai Pipeline).", "Water World, Colorado __knowledge__ Water World is generally open from Memorial Day through Labor Day, but may be closed some school days.", "Water World, Colorado __knowledge__ The park occupies , making it one of America's largest water theme parks.", "Water World, Colorado __knowledge__ , the park has 49 attractions including a multitude of water slides, a \"lazy river\" (a circular artificial river with a slow moving current), inflatable tube rides, multi-guest inflatable raft rides, and a water-themed fun house which offers gondola access from the top of the park.", "LOL __knowledge__ LOL, or lol, is an acronym for laugh(ing) out loud or lots of laughs, and a popular element of Internet slang.", "LOL __knowledge__ It was first used almost exclusively on Usenet, but has since become widespread in other forms of computer-mediated communication and even face-to-face communication.", "LOL __knowledge__ It is one of many initialisms for expressing bodily reactions, in particular laughter, as text, including initialisms for more emphatic expressions of laughter such as LMAO (\"laugh(ing) my ass off\") and ROFL (or its older form ROTFL; \"roll(ing) on the floor laughing\").", "LOL __knowledge__ Other unrelated expansions include the now mostly obsolete \"lots of luck\" or \"lots of love\" used in letter-writing.", "Artificial wave __knowledge__ Artificial waves are man-made waves usually created on a specially designed surface or in a pool.", "Artificial wave __knowledge__ Surface waves can be created by any moving object displacing fluid: turbine blades, paddles, a hand, a flung stone, etc.", "Artificial wave __knowledge__ Each pulse of water (or crest) pushed outward from the disturbance leaves a space (or trough) behind it which causes another, smaller pulse to follow: thus a thrown stone's single impact causes a series of ripples.", "Artificial wave __knowledge__ Larger waves can be built up if a series of movements are timed to reinforce waves' motion, much like a person sliding back and forth in a bathtub.", "Artificial wave __knowledge__ Boundaries and obstacles also shape waves by concentrating or dissipating some of the wave's energy.", "Caribbean Bay __knowledge__ Caribbean Bay is an indoor/outdoor water park located in Yongin, South Korea.", "Caribbean Bay __knowledge__ Opened in 1996, it is the Largest Indoor and Outdoor Waterpark in the world, covering a total area of about .", "Caribbean Bay __knowledge__ Coordinate is Caribbean Bay is part of the Everland Resort, but requires a separate admission fee.", "Caribbean Bay __knowledge__ Caribbean Bay is located on the outskirts of Seoul.", "Caribbean Bay __knowledge__ With the opening in 2008 of its newest attraction, the \"Wild River Zone\", Caribbean Bay expanded its capacity by 30%.", "Caribbean Bay __knowledge__ The park includes a wave pool, the world's Longest Lazy River Ride, a Sandy Pool, a Wading Pool for young children, Various Water Slides, and a Salt Sauna.", "Surf Snowdonia __knowledge__ Surf Snowdonia is an artificial wave pool at Dolgarrog in the Conwy valley, north Wales, owned by Conwy Adventure Leisure Ltd.", "Surf Snowdonia __knowledge__ It is the world's first commercial artificial surfing lake and the United Kingdom's only artificial surfing lake.", "Surf Snowdonia __knowledge__ The site cost a total of £12 million and opened in August 2015.", "Surf Snowdonia __knowledge__ In 2007 Dolgarrog Aluminium closed, and a group was established to decide what should be on the site in its place.", "Surf Snowdonia __knowledge__ The following year the site was purchased by Ainscough Johnston, a Lancashire-based strategic land company, whose initial plans were for housing – including affordable housing – and for leisure and amenity uses.", "The Wave: Bristol __knowledge__ The Wave is a company and surf/lifestyle brand building an artificial wave pool for surfing, in South Gloucestershire, England, on the northern outskirts of Bristol and London.", "The Wave: Bristol __knowledge__ The Wave: Bristol is planned to open in 2018/9 and The Wave: London in 2020.", "The Wave: Bristol __knowledge__ The founder of the project is Nick Hounsfield The project was named \"The Wave: Bristol\" in 2012, initially focussing on a site next to the Portway in Bristol, but rejected it as not big enough.", "The Wave: Bristol __knowledge__ A site on farmland at Easter Compton was selected in 2013, with the technology generating the artificial waves to be supplied by the Spanish company Wavegarden." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3, 15 ]

[ "I absolutely love to sure, just riding on the forward face of a moving wave is so exhilarating. Are there a lot of sharks near you? ", "There's a little hidden cove near me that has great waves, although waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean. Have you ever watched people surf?", "I'd argue that the best place to surf are places that utilize artificial waves, like a wave pool. Have you ever been to one?", "Yes, if you go to any water park, they're usually a major feature there. Plus there's no sharks!" ]

[ "Surfing", "Surfing", "Surfing", "Surfing" ]

[ "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series)\nI've heard of Battlestar Galactica, but I've never seen it before. When did it come out?", "Wow that's a lot older than I thought, at least for the older version.", "Oh I really like him! Makes me want to check it out even more.", "Damn that's a pretty solid claim! How popular is it at this point?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ Battlestar Galactica (BSG) is an American military science fiction television series, and part of the \"Battlestar Galactica\" franchise.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The show was developed by Ronald D. Moore and executive produced by Moore and David Eick as a re-imagining of the 1978 \"Battlestar Galactica\" television series created by Glen A. Larson.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The series first aired as a three-hour miniseries (comprising four broadcast hours) in December 2003 on the Sci-Fi Channel, and ran for four seasons thereafter, ending its run on March 20, 2009.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The series features Edward James Olmos and Mary McDonnell, and garnered a wide range of critical acclaim, which included a Peabody Award, the Television Critics Association's Program of the Year Award, a placement inside \"Time\"s 100 Best TV Shows of All-Time, and Emmy nominations for its writing, directing, costume design, visual effects, sound mixing, and sound editing, with Emmy wins for both visual effects and sound editing.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ \"Battlestar Galactica\" is set in a distant star system, where a civilization of humans lives on a group of planets known as the Twelve Colonies.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ In the past, the Colonies had been at war with an android race of their own creation, known as the Cylons.", "Battlestar Galactica __knowledge__ Battlestar Galactica is an American science fiction media franchise created by Glen A. Larson.", "Battlestar Galactica __knowledge__ The franchise began with the original television series in 1978 and was followed by a short-run sequel series (\"Galactica 1980\"), a line of book adaptations, original novels, comic books, a board game, and video games.", "Battlestar Galactica __knowledge__ A re-imagined version of \"Battlestar Galactica\" aired as a two-part, three-hour miniseries developed by Ronald D. Moore and David Eick in 2003.", "Battlestar Galactica __knowledge__ That miniseries led to a weekly television series, which aired until 2009.", "Battlestar Galactica __knowledge__ A prequel series, \"Caprica\", aired in 2010.", "Battlestar Galactica __knowledge__ All \"Battlestar Galactica\" productions share the premise that in a distant part of the universe, a human civilization has extended to a group of planets known as the Twelve Colonies, to which they have migrated from their ancestral homeworld of Kobol.", "Battlestar Galactica (comics) __knowledge__ \"Battlestar Galactica\" has been adapted to the comic book format since its inception, with no less than six publishers to date taking on the project of relating the story of the Colonial Fleet and their adversaries, the Cylons, at different points.", "Battlestar Galactica (comics) __knowledge__ The comic book \"Battlestar Galactica\", based on the ABC television series of the same name, was published monthly by Marvel Comics from March 1979 through January 1981, and lasted 23 issues.", "Battlestar Galactica (comics) __knowledge__ Although there were other attempts to adapt \"Battlestar Galactica\" into a comic book format, the Marvel series is considered by many to have been the most successful in terms of run, sales, and content.", "List of Battlestar Galactica video games __knowledge__ A number of video games have been released based on the various incarnations of the \"Battlestar Galactica\" franchise.", "List of Battlestar Galactica video games __knowledge__ Mattel-developed Space Battle for Intellivision and its M-Network counterpart, Space Attack for the Atari VCS/2600 platform, were originally stated to be games based on the Battlestar Galactica series.", "List of Battlestar Galactica video games __knowledge__ One of Mattel's subsidiaries, Concepts 2000, had the license to produce Battlestar Galactica electronic toys, so it was figured to be a lock that Mattel would get the license to produce the official Battlestar Galactica video game.", "List of Battlestar Galactica video games __knowledge__ The game was well into development when they discovered Mattel didn't get the license.", "Music of Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The music of the 2004 TV series \"Battlestar Galactica\" is a body of work largely credited to the composers Bear McCreary and Richard Gibbs.", "Music of Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The music of \"Battlestar Galactica\" displays a variety of ethnic influences and generally does not conform to the \"orchestral\" style of many science fiction scores.", "Music of Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The music of \"Battlestar Galactica\" makes use of the technique called \"leitmotif\".", "Music of Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ A leitmotif is a phrase or melodic cell that signifies a character, place, plot element, mood, idea, relationship or other specific part of the story.", "Music of Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ It is commonly used in modern film scoring as a device to mentally anchor certain parts of a film to the soundtrack.", "Ronald D. Moore __knowledge__ Ronald Dowl Moore (born July 5, 1964) is an American screenwriter and television producer.", "Ronald D. Moore __knowledge__ He is best known for his work on \"Star Trek\"; on the re-imagined \"Battlestar Galactica\" television series, for which he won a Peabody Award; and on \"Outlander\", based on the novels of Diana Gabaldon.", "Ronald D. Moore __knowledge__ Moore was raised in Chowchilla, California.", "Ronald D. Moore __knowledge__ He describes himself as a 'recovering Catholic' and is agnostic.", "Ronald D. Moore __knowledge__ Moore dabbled in writing and drama in high school.", "Ronald D. Moore __knowledge__ He went on to study government (political science) at Cornell University, where he was Literary Secretary of The Kappa Alpha Society, originally on a Navy ROTC scholarship, but left during his senior year in the spring of 1986 after losing interest in his studies.", "List of spacecraft in Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ There have been many appearances of various spacecraft in the re-imagined Battlestar Galactica science fiction television series, with the primary means of travel being FTL.", "List of spacecraft in Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ A ship in the refugee fleet.", "List of spacecraft in Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ Named after Adrasteia, in Greek Mythology, was a nymph who was charged by Rhea to raise the infant Zeus in secret to protect him from his father Cronus.", "List of spacecraft in Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The \"Adriatic\" is one of the few civilian ships in the refugee fleet equipped with weapons.", "List of spacecraft in Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The ship was armed with at least a battery of ship-to-ship missiles; the reason for its armament was to protect the fleet while the Galactica was off on missions (such as the attack on the tylium asteroid)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ Battlestar Galactica (BSG) is an American military science fiction television series, and part of the \"Battlestar Galactica\" franchise.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The show was developed by Ronald D. Moore and executive produced by Moore and David Eick as a re-imagining of the 1978 \"Battlestar Galactica\" television series created by Glen A. Larson.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The series first aired as a three-hour miniseries (comprising four broadcast hours) in December 2003 on the Sci-Fi Channel, and ran for four seasons thereafter, ending its run on March 20, 2009.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The series features Edward James Olmos and Mary McDonnell, and garnered a wide range of critical acclaim, which included a Peabody Award, the Television Critics Association's Program of the Year Award, a placement inside \"Time\"s 100 Best TV Shows of All-Time, and Emmy nominations for its writing, directing, costume design, visual effects, sound mixing, and sound editing, with Emmy wins for both visual effects and sound editing.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ \"Battlestar Galactica\" is set in a distant star system, where a civilization of humans lives on a group of planets known as the Twelve Colonies.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ In the past, the Colonies had been at war with an android race of their own creation, known as the Cylons.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ Bow Wow Wow are an English 1980s new wave band, created by Malcolm McLaren.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ The group's music has been described as new wave, pop and worldbeat, characterized by an \"African-derived drum sound\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ In 1980, McLaren persuaded guitarist Matthew Ashman, drummer David Barbarossa (also known as Dave Barbe) and bassist Leigh Gorman, all then members of Adam and the Ants, to leave the founder of the band, Adam Ant, and form a new group.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ After a six-month audition process for a lead singer, the band enlisted Annabella Lwin.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ David Fishel, an acquaintance of McLaren's, discovered 13-year-old Lwin while she was working a Saturday job at her local dry cleaners.", "Out of Control (Girls Aloud album) __knowledge__ Out of Control is the fifth and final studio album by British girl group Girls Aloud, released in the United Kingdom on 3 November 2008 by Fascination Records.", "Out of Control (Girls Aloud album) __knowledge__ Like their previous albums, it was crafted by the production team of Brian Higgins and Xenomania.", "Out of Control (Girls Aloud album) __knowledge__ \"Out of Control\" builds on the sound of Girls Aloud's previous albums and represents a move into the mainstream for the group.", "Out of Control (Girls Aloud album) __knowledge__ \"Out of Control\" debuted to positive reviews from contemporary music critics.", "Out of Control (Girls Aloud album) __knowledge__ The album debuted at No.", "Out of Control (Girls Aloud album) __knowledge__ 1 on the UK Albums Chart, Girls Aloud's first studio album to do so, and quickly became Girls Aloud's best-selling studio album.", "Wow (Kylie Minogue song) __knowledge__ \"Wow\" is a song recorded by Australian singer Kylie Minogue for her tenth studio album, \"X\" (2007).", "Wow (Kylie Minogue song) __knowledge__ It was written by Minogue, Greg Kurstin and Karen Poole, while production was handled by Kurstin.", "Wow (Kylie Minogue song) __knowledge__ Minogue requested to set up a studio in Ibiza with Poole and Kurstin with her while they recorded the track along with other tracks recorded.", "Wow (Kylie Minogue song) __knowledge__ The song was released as the second single from \"X\" on 15 February 2008 by Parlophone, \"Wow\" features instrumentation from guitars, electronic synthesizers, keyboards and drum machines, along with pianos through some verses.", "Wow (Kylie Minogue song) __knowledge__ The song is set in a disco-oriented beat with many other electronic elements.", "WOW Cafe __knowledge__ WOW Cafe (Women's One World) is a feminist theater space in New York City.", "WOW Cafe __knowledge__ In the mid-1980s, WOW Cafe was central to the avant garde theatre and performance art scene in the East Village, New York City.", "WOW Cafe __knowledge__ Among the artists who have presented at the space are Lisa Kron, Holly Hughes, Deb Margolin, Dancenoise, Carmelita Tropicana, Eileen Myles, Split Britches, and The Five Lesbian Brothers.", "WOW Cafe __knowledge__ The WOW Cafe began when two of the founding members, Lois Weaver and Peggy Shaw were traveling Europe with performance troupes Spiderwoman Theater and Hot Peaches, and after seeing women’s theater festivals during their tour were inspired to establish one in America.", "Captain Marvel (DC Comics) __knowledge__ Shazam (), is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.", "Captain Marvel (DC Comics) __knowledge__ Artist C. C. Beck and writer Bill Parker created the character in 1939.", "Captain Marvel (DC Comics) __knowledge__ Shazam was formerly called as \"Captain Marvel.", "Captain Marvel (DC Comics) __knowledge__ He was\" first appeared in \"Whiz Comics\" #2 (cover-dated Feb. 1940), published by Fawcett Comics.", "Captain Marvel (DC Comics) __knowledge__ He is the alter ego of Billy Batson, a boy who, by speaking the magic word \"SHAZAM\" (acronym of six \"immortal elders\": Solomon, Hercules, Atlas, Zeus, Achilles and Mercury), can transform himself into a costumed adult with the powers of superhuman strength, speed, flight and other abilities.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The following is a list of recurring games, sketches, and other comedy routines from the NBC late night talk show \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", and its predecessor, \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The sketches feature host Jimmy Fallon, house band The Roots, announcer/sidekick Steve Higgins, the show's writers, celebrity guests, and audience members.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Most of the skits below appeared only on \"Late Night\", while some have carried over to the \"Tonight Show\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Every Tuesday on the show, Jimmy weighs the pros and cons of a topic that's currently in the news, with the pros being the setups and the cons being the punchlines.", "Cris Morena __knowledge__ María Cristina De Giacomi (born 23 August 1956), professionally known as Cris Morena, is an Argentine Award-winning television producer, actress, television presenter, composer, musician, songwriter, writer, former fashion model and CEO of Cris Morena Group.", "Cris Morena __knowledge__ She is one of the most successful producers in the country and is the creator of Argentina's most successful youth-oriented shows such as \"Jugate Conmigo\", \"Chiquititas\", \"Rebelde Way\", \"Floricienta\", \"Alma Pirata\", and \"Casi Ángeles\".", "Cris Morena __knowledge__ Until 2001, she worked directly for Telefe but, since \"Rebelde Way\", in 2002, she works independently and has her own production company Cris Morena Group.", "Aircraft in fiction __knowledge__ Aircraft in fiction covers the various real-world aircraft that have made significant appearances in fiction over the decades, including in books, films, toys, TV programs, video games, and other media.", "Aircraft in fiction __knowledge__ These appearances spotlight the popularity of different models of aircraft, and showcase the different types for the general public.", "Aircraft in fiction __knowledge__ The first aviation film was the 1911 William J. Humphrey–directed two-reeler, \"The Military Air-Scout\", shot following an Aero Club of America flying meet at Long Island, New York, with Lt. Henry Arnold doing the stunt flying.", "Aircraft in fiction __knowledge__ \"Arnold, who picked up 'a few extra bucks' for his services, became so excited about movies that he almost quit the Army to become an actor.\"", "Walt Disney anthology television series __knowledge__ Walt Disney Productions (later The Walt Disney Company) has produced an anthology television series under several different titles since 1954.", "Walt Disney anthology television series __knowledge__ The original version of the series premiered on ABC on Wednesday, October 27, 1954.", "Walt Disney anthology television series __knowledge__ The show was broadcast weekly on one of the Big Three television networks until 1990, a 36-year span with only a two-year hiatus in 1984-85.", "Walt Disney anthology television series __knowledge__ The series was broadcast on Sunday for 25 of those years.", "Walt Disney anthology television series __knowledge__ From 1991 until 1997, the series aired infrequently.", "Walt Disney anthology television series __knowledge__ The program resumed a regular schedule in 1997 on the ABC fall schedule, coinciding with Disney's recent purchase of the network.", "Booster Gold __knowledge__ Booster Gold (Michael Jon Carter) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.", "Booster Gold __knowledge__ Created by Dan Jurgens, the character first appeared in \"Booster Gold\" #1 (February 1986) and has been a member of the Justice League.", "Booster Gold __knowledge__ He is initially depicted as a glory-seeking showboat from the future, using knowledge of historical events and futuristic technology to stage high-publicity heroics.", "Booster Gold __knowledge__ Booster develops over the course of his publication history and through personal tragedies to become a true hero weighed down by the reputation he created for himself.", "Booster Gold __knowledge__ Booster Gold first appeared in \"Booster Gold\" #1 (February 1986), being the first significant new character introduced into DC Universe continuity after the \"Crisis on Infinite Earths\".", "Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show) __knowledge__ Wheel of Fortune (often known simply as Wheel) is an American television game show created by Merv Griffin.", "Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show) __knowledge__ The show features a competition in which contestants solve word puzzles, similar to those used in Hangman, to win cash and prizes determined by spinning a giant carnival wheel.", "Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show) __knowledge__ \"Wheel\" premiered as a daytime series on NBC on January 6, 1975, and continued to air on the network until June 30, 1989.", "Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show) __knowledge__ After some changes were made to its format, the daytime series returned on July 17, 1989 as part of CBS's daytime lineup.", "Wheel of Fortune (U.S. game show) __knowledge__ On January 14, 1991, \"Wheel\" moved back to NBC and aired on that network until it was cancelled on September 20, 1991." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ Battlestar Galactica (BSG) is an American military science fiction television series, and part of the \"Battlestar Galactica\" franchise.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The show was developed by Ronald D. Moore and executive produced by Moore and David Eick as a re-imagining of the 1978 \"Battlestar Galactica\" television series created by Glen A. Larson.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The series first aired as a three-hour miniseries (comprising four broadcast hours) in December 2003 on the Sci-Fi Channel, and ran for four seasons thereafter, ending its run on March 20, 2009.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The series features Edward James Olmos and Mary McDonnell, and garnered a wide range of critical acclaim, which included a Peabody Award, the Television Critics Association's Program of the Year Award, a placement inside \"Time\"s 100 Best TV Shows of All-Time, and Emmy nominations for its writing, directing, costume design, visual effects, sound mixing, and sound editing, with Emmy wins for both visual effects and sound editing.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ \"Battlestar Galactica\" is set in a distant star system, where a civilization of humans lives on a group of planets known as the Twelve Colonies.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ In the past, the Colonies had been at war with an android race of their own creation, known as the Cylons.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters in the comic book series The Boys, created by Garth Ennis and Darick Robertson.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ The Boys are a CIA black ops team, initially created by Col. Greg Mallory to manage, police, and sometimes liquidate Vought-American's superhumans.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ While this is in part to help protect normal humans from the actions of the largely out of control \"supes,\" this is also to ensure that the company lack the stability or the platform to push the use of superhumans in national defense.", "List of The Boys characters __knowledge__ Over time, however, the team's focus was changed, due to Butcher's increased influence, from one of management and containment to one of direct confrontation.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ \"I Really Like You\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer Carly Rae Jepsen for her third studio album, \"Emotion\" (2015).", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ It was written by Jepsen, Jacob Kasher Hindlin, Peter Svensson, Steve DaMar, and produced by Svensson.", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ The song was released as the album's lead single on 2 March 2015.", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ \"I Really Like You\" peaked at number fourteen on the Canadian Hot 100.", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ Internationally, the song peaked within the top ten of the charts in Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Japan, the Republic of Ireland, South Africa and the United Kingdom, while peaking within the top twenty of the charts in Austria, Germany, Slovakia, and Switzerland.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Chrissie Watts __knowledge__ Chrissie Watts is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\", played by Tracy-Ann Oberman.", "Chrissie Watts __knowledge__ She first appeared in April 2004 as the second wife of the show's \"most enduring character\", Den Watts (Leslie Grantham), becoming a prominent regular for the next 18 months.", "Chrissie Watts __knowledge__ In 2005 she was the focus of one of \"the programme's biggest and most high-profile narratives\" when she killed her husband in a fit of rage during the special 20th anniversary episode.", "Chrissie Watts __knowledge__ The broadcast, airing on 18 February, was watched by 14.34 million people, with \"almost 60% of possible viewers\" tuning in to see Chrissie take revenge.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the British television and radio sketch show \"Little Britain\" (and its American spin-off, \"Little Britain USA\").", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played By: David Walliams Appearances: Season 3 Alan works for the Donkey Hospice in the town of Achingballs.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ After contributors give him some money, he blatantly places stickers on embarrassing body parts, such as the genital region or breasts and on someone's rear in a deleted scene.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ He makes one appearance in Series 3.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played by: David Walliams Episodes: Radio Show; Season 1, episodes 4 and 5 Catchphrase: \"I love you Anne\" and \"I need you Anne\" Peter Andre is a royal BBC correspondent who gets sacked after first making surreal and false claims about the Royal Family (such as Prince Charles having magical powers, describing The Queen as \"The Main One\" and mistaking Princess Eugenie for her mother, Sarah, Duchess of York) and then expressing his love for Princess Anne through song.", "Darren Osborne __knowledge__ Darren Osborne is a fictional character from the British Channel 4 soap opera, \"Hollyoaks\".", "Darren Osborne __knowledge__ He was introduced by executive producer Phil Redmond as part of the Osborne family, and played by Adam Booth, made his first on-screen appearance on 18 November 1996.", "Darren Osborne __knowledge__ Booth left the role in 1997, but the character was recast in 1999 with current portrayer Ashley Taylor Dawson.", "Darren Osborne __knowledge__ Dawson decided to leave \"Hollyoaks\" in 2000 to concentrate on his band, allSTARS*, but returned in 2003 and has since remained in the role.", "Darren Osborne __knowledge__ As of 2017 Dawson has been on the show for 18 years with a two-year break between 2001 and 2003.", "Battlestar Galactica __knowledge__ Battlestar Galactica is an American science fiction media franchise created by Glen A. Larson.", "Battlestar Galactica __knowledge__ The franchise began with the original television series in 1978 and was followed by a short-run sequel series (\"Galactica 1980\"), a line of book adaptations, original novels, comic books, a board game, and video games.", "Battlestar Galactica __knowledge__ A re-imagined version of \"Battlestar Galactica\" aired as a two-part, three-hour miniseries developed by Ronald D. Moore and David Eick in 2003.", "Battlestar Galactica __knowledge__ That miniseries led to a weekly television series, which aired until 2009.", "Battlestar Galactica __knowledge__ A prequel series, \"Caprica\", aired in 2010.", "Battlestar Galactica __knowledge__ All \"Battlestar Galactica\" productions share the premise that in a distant part of the universe, a human civilization has extended to a group of planets known as the Twelve Colonies, to which they have migrated from their ancestral homeworld of Kobol.", "William Adama __knowledge__ William \"Bill\" Adama (callsign \"Husker\") is a fictional character portrayed by Edward James Olmos in the re-imagined \"Battlestar Galactica\" television series produced and aired by the SyFy cable network.", "William Adama __knowledge__ He is one of the main characters, a reimagining of Commander Adama from the 1978 \"Battlestar Galactica\" series played by Lorne Greene.", "William Adama __knowledge__ In the \"Caprica\" spinoff series, Markus Towfigh plays William \"Bill\" Adama as a young boy.", "William Adama __knowledge__ Adama was born on Caprica, the son of Joseph Adama (a civil liberties lawyer and previously a lawyer for the Ha'la'tha, the Tauron resistance movement turned mob) and Joseph's second wife, Evelyn Adama (an accountant).", "El Americano: The Movie __knowledge__ El Americano: The Movie (also known as Americano) is a 2016 3D Mexican-American animated family film produced by Animex Producciones, Olmos Productions, and Phil Roman Entertainment, and is directed by Ricardo Arnaiz and ex-Disney animator, Mike Kunkel.", "El Americano: The Movie __knowledge__ The film features an ensemble voice cast of mostly Hispanic American and Mexican actors led by Rico Rodriguez, Edward James Olmos, Cheech Marin, Kate del Castillo, Paul Rodriguez, Gabriel Iglesias, Erik Estrada, and Lisa Kudrow.", "El Americano: The Movie __knowledge__ The first major animated co-production between studios in Mexico and the United States, it is also the first international and CG production for Animex, as well it being its fourth film.", "Battlestar Galactica: The Plan __knowledge__ Battlestar Galactica: The Plan is a television film set in the reimagined version of the fictional \"Battlestar Galactica\" universe.", "Battlestar Galactica: The Plan __knowledge__ It consists of newly filmed material as well as a compilation of footage from the 2004 TV series and miniseries.", "Battlestar Galactica: The Plan __knowledge__ The miniseries and first two seasons of \"Battlestar Galactica\" are retold with more emphasis on the Cylon perspective and their plan to wipe out the human race.", "Battlestar Galactica: The Plan __knowledge__ The story follows two versions of the Cylon known as Cavil, with one admitting they may have made a mistake, with the story being told in flashback.", "Battlestar Galactica: The Plan __knowledge__ The \"Final Five\" Cylons are featured prominently.", "Sometimes a Great Notion (Battlestar Galactica) __knowledge__ \"Sometimes a Great Notion\" is the eleventh episode in the fourth season of the reimagined \"Battlestar Galactica\".", "Sometimes a Great Notion (Battlestar Galactica) __knowledge__ It aired on television on SCI FI and Space in the United States and Canada respectively on January 16, 2009 and on Sky One in the United Kingdom on January 20, 2009.", "Sometimes a Great Notion (Battlestar Galactica) __knowledge__ This episode is the first after the mid-season finale of the fourth season (\"Revelations\"), which aired in June 2008.", "Sometimes a Great Notion (Battlestar Galactica) __knowledge__ The episode title is a reference to the novel of the same name, written by Ken Kesey.", "Sometimes a Great Notion (Battlestar Galactica) __knowledge__ The episode was also the last to be written before the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike.", "Sometimes a Great Notion (Battlestar Galactica) __knowledge__ It received a Nielsen rating of 1.6 and was received positively throughout.", "Battlestar Galactica (miniseries) __knowledge__ Battlestar Galactica is a three-hour miniseries (comprising four broadcast hours) starring Edward James Olmos and Mary McDonnell, written and produced by Ronald D. Moore and directed by Michael Rymer.", "Battlestar Galactica (miniseries) __knowledge__ It was the first part of the \"Battlestar Galactica\" remake based on the 1978 \"Battlestar Galactica\" television series, and served as a backdoor pilot for the 2004 television series.", "Battlestar Galactica (miniseries) __knowledge__ The miniseries aired originally on the Sci Fi Channel in the United States starting on December 8, 2003.", "Battlestar Galactica (miniseries) __knowledge__ The two parts of the miniseries attracted 3.9 and 4.5 million viewers, making the miniseries the third-most-watched program on Syfy." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ Battlestar Galactica (BSG) is an American military science fiction television series, and part of the \"Battlestar Galactica\" franchise.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The show was developed by Ronald D. Moore and executive produced by Moore and David Eick as a re-imagining of the 1978 \"Battlestar Galactica\" television series created by Glen A. Larson.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The series first aired as a three-hour miniseries (comprising four broadcast hours) in December 2003 on the Sci-Fi Channel, and ran for four seasons thereafter, ending its run on March 20, 2009.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ The series features Edward James Olmos and Mary McDonnell, and garnered a wide range of critical acclaim, which included a Peabody Award, the Television Critics Association's Program of the Year Award, a placement inside \"Time\"s 100 Best TV Shows of All-Time, and Emmy nominations for its writing, directing, costume design, visual effects, sound mixing, and sound editing, with Emmy wins for both visual effects and sound editing.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ \"Battlestar Galactica\" is set in a distant star system, where a civilization of humans lives on a group of planets known as the Twelve Colonies.", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) __knowledge__ In the past, the Colonies had been at war with an android race of their own creation, known as the Cylons.", "The Mikado __knowledge__ The Mikado; or, The Town of Titipu is a comic opera in two acts, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert, their ninth of fourteen operatic collaborations.", "The Mikado __knowledge__ It opened on 14 March 1885, in London, where it ran at the Savoy Theatre for 672 performances, which was the second longest run for any work of musical theatre and one of the longest runs of any theatre piece up to that time.", "The Mikado __knowledge__ Before the end of 1885, it was estimated that, in Europe and America, at least 150 companies were producing the opera.", "The Mikado __knowledge__ \"The Mikado\" remains the most frequently performed Savoy Opera, and it is especially popular with amateur and school productions.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "The Best Damn Sports Show Period __knowledge__ The Best Damn Sports Show Period is an American sports television show that aired on Fox Sports Net and Comcast SportsNet.", "The Best Damn Sports Show Period __knowledge__ The show regularly featured irreverent and opinionated interviews with top athletes, coaches, celebrities, and entertainers.", "The Best Damn Sports Show Period __knowledge__ It also aired \"Top 50\" countdown shows and other sports specialty shows.", "The Best Damn Sports Show Period __knowledge__ Since its debut on July 23, 2001, \"BDSSP\" welcomed thousands of guests and aired more than 1,300 episodes.", "The Best Damn Sports Show Period __knowledge__ The last original show aired June 30, 2009; however, FSN will tape a handful of \"Top 50\" specials.", "The Best Damn Sports Show Period __knowledge__ The show aired weeknights at 9 p.m. and 11 p.m. local time, usually after \"FSN Final Score\", or later if there was a local live sporting event that ran longer than expected, depending on the region and telecast schedule.", "The Best Damn Thing __knowledge__ The Best Damn Thing is the third studio album by Canadian singer-songwriter Avril Lavigne.", "The Best Damn Thing __knowledge__ It was released on 17 April 2007 by RCA Records.", "The Best Damn Thing __knowledge__ The album represents a musical departure from her earlier studio album \"Under My Skin\" (2004) which incorporates more elements of post-grunge music.", "The Best Damn Thing __knowledge__ \"The Best Damn Thing\" is seen by critics as Lavigne's most commercial effort.", "The Best Damn Thing __knowledge__ The album was noted as her first effort to feature a wide range of producers for the studio album, including Matt Beckley, Rob Cavallo, Dr. Luke and Lavigne herself who was referenced as the executive producer.", "The Best Damn Thing __knowledge__ Upon its release, \"The Best Damn Thing\" received generally positive reviews from music critics, who praised her transition from grungey alternative rock music to more pop-punk music, with it being catchy and very radio-friendly.", "Damn (Kendrick Lamar album) __knowledge__ Damn (stylized as DAMN.)", "Damn (Kendrick Lamar album) __knowledge__ is the fourth studio album by American rapper Kendrick Lamar.", "Damn (Kendrick Lamar album) __knowledge__ It was released on April 14, 2017, by Top Dawg Entertainment, Aftermath Entertainment and Interscope Records.", "Damn (Kendrick Lamar album) __knowledge__ The album features production from a variety of record producers, including executive producer and Top Dawg Entertainment label-head Anthony \"Top Dawg\" Tiffith, Sounwave, DJ Dahi, Mike Will Made It and Ricci Riera; as well as further production contributions from James Blake, Steve Lacy, BadBadNotGood, Greg Kurstin, The Alchemist and 9th Wonder, among others.", "Damn (Kendrick Lamar album) __knowledge__ \"Damn\" received widespread critical acclaim and topped the charts in the United States and Canada while reaching number two in Australia, Belgium, Denmark, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdom.", "Pete Seeger __knowledge__ Peter Seeger (May 3, 1919 – January 27, 2014) was an American folk singer and social activist.", "Pete Seeger __knowledge__ A fixture on nationwide radio in the 1940s, he also had a string of hit records during the early 1950s as a member of the Weavers, most notably their recording of Lead Belly's \"Goodnight, Irene\", which topped the charts for 13 weeks in 1950.", "Pete Seeger __knowledge__ Members of the Weavers were blacklisted during the McCarthy Era.", "Pete Seeger __knowledge__ In the 1960s, Seeger re-emerged on the public scene as a prominent singer of protest music in support of international disarmament, civil rights, counterculture, and environmental causes.", "Pete Seeger __knowledge__ A prolific songwriter, his best-known songs include \"Where Have All the Flowers Gone?\"", "The Legend of Lucky Pie __knowledge__ The Legend of Lucky Pie () is a Chinese animated web series.", "The Legend of Lucky Pie __knowledge__ Produced by a group of artists without funding or a studio environment, the short was released in early January 2015.", "The Legend of Lucky Pie __knowledge__ Writers for news sites observed striking similarities to the American animated television series \"Adventure Time\", calling it a \"knock-off\" and a \"rip-off\", while some praised the animation and dedication of the producers.", "The Legend of Lucky Pie __knowledge__ \"Lucky Pie\" was produced by a group of Chinese artists who, according to Wendy Zhao of \"Cartoon Brew\", were \"enthusiastic animation friends\" working against \"tacky\" and \"trite\" Chinese animated television series.", "Sitcom __knowledge__ A sit-com or sitcom, a portmanteau of the full term \"situation comedy\", is a genre of comedy centered on a fixed set of characters who carry over from episode to episode.", "Sitcom __knowledge__ Sitcoms can be contrasted with sketch comedy, where a troupe may use new characters in each sketch, and stand-up comedy, where a comedian tells jokes and stories to an audience.", "Sitcom __knowledge__ Sitcoms originated in radio, but today are found mostly on television as one of its dominant narrative forms.", "Sitcom __knowledge__ This form can also include mockumentaries.", "Sitcom __knowledge__ A situation comedy television program may be recorded in front of a studio audience, depending on the program's production format.", "Greg Daniels __knowledge__ Gregory Martin Daniels (born June 13, 1963) is an American television comedy writer, producer, and director.", "Greg Daniels __knowledge__ He is known for his work on several television series, including \"Saturday Night Live\", \"The Simpsons\", \"Parks and Recreation\", \"King of the Hill\" and \"The Office\".", "Greg Daniels __knowledge__ All five shows were named among \"Time\"s James Poniewozik's All Time 100 TV Shows.", "Greg Daniels __knowledge__ Daniels attended Harvard University and he became friends with Conan O'Brien.", "Greg Daniels __knowledge__ Their first writing credit was for \"Not Necessarily the News\", before they were laid off due to budget cuts.", "Greg Daniels __knowledge__ He eventually became a writer for two long-running series: \"Saturday Night Live\" and \"The Simpsons\".", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ SpongeBob SquarePants is an American animated television series created by marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg for Nickelodeon.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ The series chronicles the adventures and endeavors of the title character and his various friends in the fictional underwater city of Bikini Bottom.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ The series' popularity has made it a media franchise, as well as the highest rated series to ever air on Nickelodeon, and the most distributed property of MTV Networks.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ As of late 2017, the media franchise has generated $13 billion in merchandising revenue for Nickelodeon.", "SpongeBob SquarePants __knowledge__ Many of the ideas for the series originated in an unpublished educational comic book titled \"The Intertidal Zone\", which Hillenburg created in 1989.", "Arrested Development (TV series) __knowledge__ Arrested Development is an American television sitcom created by Mitchell Hurwitz, which originally aired on Fox for three seasons from November 2, 2003, to February 10, 2006.", "Arrested Development (TV series) __knowledge__ A fourth season of 15 episodes was released on Netflix on May 26, 2013.", "Arrested Development (TV series) __knowledge__ The show follows the fictitious Bluth family, a formerly wealthy and habitually dysfunctional family.", "Arrested Development (TV series) __knowledge__ It is presented in a continuous format, incorporating handheld camera work and voice-over narration, as well as the use of occasional archival photos and historical footage.", "Arrested Development (TV series) __knowledge__ The show also utilizes several long-running \"Easter egg\" jokes throughout each season.", "Social media and television __knowledge__ Social media and television broadcasting have a number of connections and interrelationships.", "Social media and television __knowledge__ In the 2010s, social media technologies and websites allow for television shows to be accessed online on a range of desktop and mobile computer devices, smartphones and smart TVs.", "Social media and television __knowledge__ As well, online users can use social media websites to share digital video clips or excerpts from TV shows with fellow fans or even share an entire show online.", "Social media and television __knowledge__ Many social media websites enable users to post online comments on the programs—both negative and positive—in a variety of ways.", "Social media and television __knowledge__ Viewers can actively participate while watching a TV program by posting comments online, and have their interactions viewed and responded to in real time by other viewers.", "XL-100 __knowledge__ The XL-100 was a line of RCA completely solid state (no vacuum tubes except picture tube) television sets that emerged in 1971 and continued into the early 1990s.", "XL-100 __knowledge__ The \"XL\" stands for extended life chassis while the 100 refers to RCA's emphasis of 100% solid state chassis.", "XL-100 __knowledge__ They were the top of the line RCA color televisions that replaced the RCA \"Vista\" and \"New Vista\" color television series.", "XL-100 __knowledge__ During later model years the XL-100 line became the middle and then lower priced color televisions.", "XL-100 __knowledge__ RCA introduced first the \"Colortrak\" and toward the end of analog television, the \"Dimensia\" lines.", "XL-100 __knowledge__ In later years all three TV lines used the same RCA CTC-xxx (CTC is RCA acronym for Color TV Chassis) chassis and the main difference were in cabinet design and electronic features.", "Twitter __knowledge__ Twitter () is an online news and social networking service where users post and interact with messages, known as \"tweets.\"", "Twitter __knowledge__ These messages were originally restricted to 140 characters, but on November 7, 2017, the limit was doubled to 280 characters for all languages except Japanese, Korean and Chinese.", "Twitter __knowledge__ Registered users can post tweets, but those who are unregistered can only read them.", "Twitter __knowledge__ Users access Twitter through its website interface, Short Message Service (SMS) or mobile device application software (\"app\").", "Twitter __knowledge__ Twitter, Inc. is based in San Francisco, California, United States, and has more than 25 offices around the world." ] ]

[ 3, 4, 4, 0 ]

[ "The most recent version of the show came out as a miniseries in December of 2003, but it's based off the older version of the show from 1978.", "I never watched the older version, but I gained interest in the reboot because I was a fan of Edward James Olmos who played the captain of Galactica. ", "It's worth checking out! It was once ranked as one of the best 100 TV shows of all time.", "It still has a loyal fan base, and although the series only ended roughly 10 years ago, there's already plans for ANOTHER reboot." ]

[ "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series)", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series)", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series)", "Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series)" ]

[ "Game of Thrones\nHave you seen game of thrones that is the best show ever made.", "i know game of thrones was also filmed in new zealand", "yes i didnt get into the show until 2013. ", "yea joffreys death seems like so long ago now." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Game of Thrones is an American fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is an adaptation of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", George R. R. Martin's series of fantasy novels, the first of which is \"A Game of Thrones\".", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is filmed in Belfast and elsewhere in the United Kingdom, Canada, Croatia, Iceland, Malta, Morocco, Spain, and the United States.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series premiered on HBO in the United States on April 17, 2011, and its seventh season ended on August 27, 2017.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series will conclude with its eighth season premiering in 2019.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Set on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos, \"Game of Thrones\" has several plot lines and a large ensemble cast but centers on three primary story arcs.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The first story arc centers on the Iron Throne of the Seven Kingdoms and follows a web of alliances and conflicts among the dynastic noble families either vying to claim the throne or fighting for independence from the throne.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The second story arc focuses on the last descendant of the realm's deposed ruling dynasty, exiled and plotting a return to the throne.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The third story arc centers on the longstanding brotherhood charged with defending the realm against the ancient threats of the fierce peoples and legendary creatures that lie far north, and an impending winter that threatens the realm.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ \"Game of Thrones\" is an American fantasy drama television series created for HBO by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is an adaptation of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", George R. R. Martin's series of fantasy novels.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The story takes place on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos, it has several plot lines and a large ensemble cast.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The first story arc follows a dynastic conflict among competing claimants for succession to the Iron Throne of the Seven Kingdoms, with other noble families fighting for independence from the throne.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The second covers attempts to reclaim the throne by the exiled last scion of the realm's deposed ruling dynasty; the third chronicles the threat of the impending winter and the legendary creatures and fierce peoples of the North.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ George R. R. Martin's \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" novels feature a sizable cast of characters.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ The series follows three interwoven plotlines: a dynastic war for control of Westeros by several families; the rising threat of the superhuman Others beyond Westeros's northern border; and the ambition of Daenerys Targaryen, the exiled heir of the previous ruling dynasty.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ Each chapter is narrated in the third person limited point of view through the eyes of a single character.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ Beginning with nine POV characters in \"A Game of Thrones\" (1996), the number grows to thirty-one by \"A Dance with Dragons\" (2011).", "Battle of the Year __knowledge__ Battle of the Year, commonly referred to as BOTY, is an annual international breakdancing competition that began in 1990.", "Battle of the Year __knowledge__ It has been regarded as the premier b-boying competition in the world and has been referred to as the \"World Cup of B-Boying\".", "Battle of the Year __knowledge__ Regional qualifying tournaments, also known as \"preliminaries\", are held worldwide culminating in the \"BOTY International\", the world finals event which is currently held at Volkswagen Halle in Braunschweig, Germany.", "Battle of the Year __knowledge__ For the first twenty-three editions, Battle of the Year was a crew competition; in 2013, a one-on-one competition was added.", "Battle of the Year __knowledge__ Since 2014, the one-on-one portion of Battle of the Year is one of ten tournaments that are a part of the World BBoy Series.", "The Best Show with Tom Scharpling __knowledge__ The Best Show with Tom Scharpling (formerly The Best Show on WFMU) is a combination music, call-in, and comedy Internet radio show/podcast hosted independently by Tom Scharpling since 2014, which previously aired on New Jersey-based radio station WFMU from 2000–2013.", "The Best Show with Tom Scharpling __knowledge__ The show's slogan is \"three hours of mirth, music, and mayhem.\"", "The Best Show with Tom Scharpling __knowledge__ \"The Best Show on WFMU\" first aired on October 10, 2000, occupying the 9pm–11pm time slot.", "The Best Show with Tom Scharpling __knowledge__ Starting June 5, 2001, the show was expanded to three hours filling the 8pm–11pm slot, later moving to 9pm–midnight on June 15, 2010.", "The Best Show with Tom Scharpling __knowledge__ A worldwide audience listened to the show live through WFMU's Internet stream with episodes also archived on the radio station's website.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ A Song of Ice and Fire is a series of epic fantasy novels by the American novelist and screenwriter George R. R. Martin.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ He began the first volume of the series, \"A Game of Thrones\", in 1991 and had it published in 1996.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ Martin, who initially envisioned the series as a trilogy, has published five out of a planned seven volumes.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The fifth and most recent volume of the series published in 2011, \"A Dance with Dragons\", took Martin six years to write.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ He is still writing the sixth novel, \"The Winds of Winter\".", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" takes place on the fictional continents Westeros and Essos.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The point of view of each chapter in the story is a limited perspective of a range of characters growing from nine, in the first novel, to thirty-one by the fifth." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Game of Thrones is an American fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is an adaptation of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", George R. R. Martin's series of fantasy novels, the first of which is \"A Game of Thrones\".", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is filmed in Belfast and elsewhere in the United Kingdom, Canada, Croatia, Iceland, Malta, Morocco, Spain, and the United States.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series premiered on HBO in the United States on April 17, 2011, and its seventh season ended on August 27, 2017.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series will conclude with its eighth season premiering in 2019.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Set on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos, \"Game of Thrones\" has several plot lines and a large ensemble cast but centers on three primary story arcs.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The first story arc centers on the Iron Throne of the Seven Kingdoms and follows a web of alliances and conflicts among the dynastic noble families either vying to claim the throne or fighting for independence from the throne.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The second story arc focuses on the last descendant of the realm's deposed ruling dynasty, exiled and plotting a return to the throne.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The third story arc centers on the longstanding brotherhood charged with defending the realm against the ancient threats of the fierce peoples and legendary creatures that lie far north, and an impending winter that threatens the realm.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ \"Game of Thrones\" is an American fantasy drama television series created for HBO by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is an adaptation of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", George R. R. Martin's series of fantasy novels.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The story takes place on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos, it has several plot lines and a large ensemble cast.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The first story arc follows a dynastic conflict among competing claimants for succession to the Iron Throne of the Seven Kingdoms, with other noble families fighting for independence from the throne.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The second covers attempts to reclaim the throne by the exiled last scion of the realm's deposed ruling dynasty; the third chronicles the threat of the impending winter and the legendary creatures and fierce peoples of the North.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ George R. R. Martin's \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" novels feature a sizable cast of characters.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ The series follows three interwoven plotlines: a dynastic war for control of Westeros by several families; the rising threat of the superhuman Others beyond Westeros's northern border; and the ambition of Daenerys Targaryen, the exiled heir of the previous ruling dynasty.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ Each chapter is narrated in the third person limited point of view through the eyes of a single character.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ Beginning with nine POV characters in \"A Game of Thrones\" (1996), the number grows to thirty-one by \"A Dance with Dragons\" (2011).", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The following is a list of works based on \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", the series of fantasy novels by George R. R. Martin.", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ Martin wrote three separate novellas set ninety years before the events of the novels.", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ These novellas are known as the \"Tales of Dunk and Egg\" after the main protagonists, Ser Duncan the Tall and his squire \"Egg\", the later King Aegon V Targaryen.", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The stories have no direct connection to the plot of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", although both characters are mentioned in \"A Storm of Swords\" and \"A Feast For Crows\", respectively.", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The novellas were published in short story anthologies: The unfinished series of novellas is to continue to be published in a series of collections entitled \"A Knight of the Seven Kingdoms\".", "Game of Thrones (season 6) __knowledge__ The sixth season of the fantasy drama television series \"Game of Thrones\" premiered on HBO on April 24, 2016, and concluded on June 26, 2016.", "Game of Thrones (season 6) __knowledge__ It consists of ten episodes, each of approximately 50–60 minutes, largely of original content not found in George R. R. Martin's \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series.", "Game of Thrones (season 6) __knowledge__ Some story elements were derived from the novels and from information Martin revealed to the show-runners.", "Game of Thrones (season 6) __knowledge__ The series was adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.", "Game of Thrones (season 6) __knowledge__ HBO ordered the season on April 8, 2014, together with the fifth season, which began filming in July 2015 primarily in Northern Ireland, Spain, Croatia, Iceland and Canada.", "The Door (Game of Thrones) __knowledge__ \"The Door\" is the fifth episode of the sixth season of HBO's fantasy television series \"Game of Thrones\", and the 55th overall.", "The Door (Game of Thrones) __knowledge__ The episode was written by series co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, and directed by Jack Bender.", "The Door (Game of Thrones) __knowledge__ Bran Stark learns the origin of the White Walkers, Jon Snow plans to unite the north against the Boltons, Euron Greyjoy reveals his return to the Iron Islands at the Kingsmoot, Tyrion Lannister meets with the Red Priestess Kinvara, and Daenerys Targaryen sees the depths of Jorah Mormont's devotion to her.", "The Door (Game of Thrones) __knowledge__ \"The Door\" received universal acclaim from critics, who found the episode to be emotional with effective action sequences involving the White Walkers and Hodor, in addition to providing \"important answers on the show's mythos.\"", "Rise of Nations: Thrones and Patriots __knowledge__ Rise of Nations: Thrones and Patriots is the official expansion pack to the real-time strategy video game \"Rise of Nations\".", "Rise of Nations: Thrones and Patriots __knowledge__ The game is the second in a series of \"Rise of Nations\" games by Big Huge Games.", "Rise of Nations: Thrones and Patriots __knowledge__ \"Thrones and Patriots\" had its premiere release for Microsoft Windows on April 27, 2004 in North America.", "Rise of Nations: Thrones and Patriots __knowledge__ It was ported to and released for Mac OS X in November 2004.", "Rise of Nations: Thrones and Patriots __knowledge__ \"Rise of Nations: Extended Edition\" was released on Steam on June 12, 2014 and includes both the original game and \"Thrones and Patriots\" with updated graphics and Steamworks integration for multiplayer.", "Rise of Nations: Thrones and Patriots __knowledge__ \"Thrones and Patriots\" expanded on a variety of features in the original game, such as new monuments (called \"Wonders\"), nations, governments, and campaigns.", "Belfast __knowledge__ Belfast (; ) is the capital and largest city of Northern Ireland, and the second largest on the island of Ireland.", "Belfast __knowledge__ On the River Lagan, it had a population of 333,871 in 2015.", "Belfast __knowledge__ By the early 1800s the former town was home to a major port.", "Belfast __knowledge__ Belfast played a key role in the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century, becoming the biggest linen producer in the world, earning it the nickname \"Linenopolis\".", "Belfast __knowledge__ By the time it was granted city status in 1888, it was a major centre of the Irish linen as well as tobacco-processing, rope-making and shipbuilding industries.", "Belfast __knowledge__ Harland and Wolff, which built the , was the world's biggest and most productive shipyard.", "Battle of the Year __knowledge__ Battle of the Year, commonly referred to as BOTY, is an annual international breakdancing competition that began in 1990.", "Battle of the Year __knowledge__ It has been regarded as the premier b-boying competition in the world and has been referred to as the \"World Cup of B-Boying\".", "Battle of the Year __knowledge__ Regional qualifying tournaments, also known as \"preliminaries\", are held worldwide culminating in the \"BOTY International\", the world finals event which is currently held at Volkswagen Halle in Braunschweig, Germany.", "Battle of the Year __knowledge__ For the first twenty-three editions, Battle of the Year was a crew competition; in 2013, a one-on-one competition was added.", "Battle of the Year __knowledge__ Since 2014, the one-on-one portion of Battle of the Year is one of ten tournaments that are a part of the World BBoy Series.", "The Best Show with Tom Scharpling __knowledge__ The Best Show with Tom Scharpling (formerly The Best Show on WFMU) is a combination music, call-in, and comedy Internet radio show/podcast hosted independently by Tom Scharpling since 2014, which previously aired on New Jersey-based radio station WFMU from 2000–2013.", "The Best Show with Tom Scharpling __knowledge__ The show's slogan is \"three hours of mirth, music, and mayhem.\"", "The Best Show with Tom Scharpling __knowledge__ \"The Best Show on WFMU\" first aired on October 10, 2000, occupying the 9pm–11pm time slot.", "The Best Show with Tom Scharpling __knowledge__ Starting June 5, 2001, the show was expanded to three hours filling the 8pm–11pm slot, later moving to 9pm–midnight on June 15, 2010.", "The Best Show with Tom Scharpling __knowledge__ A worldwide audience listened to the show live through WFMU's Internet stream with episodes also archived on the radio station's website.", "Tom Scharpling __knowledge__ Tom Scharpling (born February 9, 1969) is an American comedian, television writer, producer, music video director, and radio host.", "Tom Scharpling __knowledge__ He is best known for hosting the weekly Internet radio call-in comedy program \"The Best Show with Tom Scharpling\" (formerly \"The Best Show on WFMU\"), the voice of Greg Universe in the animated series \"Steven Universe\" and for acting as a writer/executive producer for the TV show \"Monk\".", "Tom Scharpling __knowledge__ Scharpling was also noted as a writer on \"Tom Goes to the Mayor\" and \"Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job!\".", "Tom Scharpling __knowledge__ Beginning in 1999, he released six albums with comedy partner Jon Wurster under the moniker Scharpling & Wurster.", "Van Morrison __knowledge__ Sir George Ivan \"Van\" Morrison, OBE (born 31 August 1945) is a Northern Irish singer-songwriter, instrumentalist and producer.", "Van Morrison __knowledge__ In 2016, he was knighted for his musical achievements and his services to tourism and charitable causes in Northern Ireland.", "Van Morrison __knowledge__ Known as \"Van the Man\", Morrison started his professional career when, as a teenager in the late 1950s, he played a variety of instruments including guitar, harmonica, keyboards and saxophone for various Irish showbands, covering the popular hits of that time.", "Van Morrison __knowledge__ He rose to prominence in the mid-1960s as the lead singer of the Northern Irish R&B band Them, with whom he recorded the garage band classic \"Gloria\".", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the British television and radio sketch show \"Little Britain\" (and its American spin-off, \"Little Britain USA\").", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played By: David Walliams Appearances: Season 3 Alan works for the Donkey Hospice in the town of Achingballs.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ After contributors give him some money, he blatantly places stickers on embarrassing body parts, such as the genital region or breasts and on someone's rear in a deleted scene.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ He makes one appearance in Series 3.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played by: David Walliams Episodes: Radio Show; Season 1, episodes 4 and 5 Catchphrase: \"I love you Anne\" and \"I need you Anne\" Peter Andre is a royal BBC correspondent who gets sacked after first making surreal and false claims about the Royal Family (such as Prince Charles having magical powers, describing The Queen as \"The Main One\" and mistaking Princess Eugenie for her mother, Sarah, Duchess of York) and then expressing his love for Princess Anne through song.", "Lost (TV series) __knowledge__ Lost is an American drama television series that originally aired on the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) from September 22, 2004, to May 23, 2010, over six seasons, comprising a total of 121 episodes.", "Lost (TV series) __knowledge__ The show contains elements of supernatural and science fiction, and follows the survivors of a commercial jet airliner crash, flying between Sydney and Los Angeles, California, on a mysterious tropical island somewhere in the South Pacific Ocean.", "Lost (TV series) __knowledge__ The story is told in a heavily serialized manner.", "Lost (TV series) __knowledge__ Episodes typically feature a primary storyline set on the island, augmented by flashback or flashforward sequences which provide additional insight into the involved character(s)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Game of Thrones is an American fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is an adaptation of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", George R. R. Martin's series of fantasy novels, the first of which is \"A Game of Thrones\".", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is filmed in Belfast and elsewhere in the United Kingdom, Canada, Croatia, Iceland, Malta, Morocco, Spain, and the United States.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series premiered on HBO in the United States on April 17, 2011, and its seventh season ended on August 27, 2017.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series will conclude with its eighth season premiering in 2019.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Set on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos, \"Game of Thrones\" has several plot lines and a large ensemble cast but centers on three primary story arcs.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The first story arc centers on the Iron Throne of the Seven Kingdoms and follows a web of alliances and conflicts among the dynastic noble families either vying to claim the throne or fighting for independence from the throne.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The second story arc focuses on the last descendant of the realm's deposed ruling dynasty, exiled and plotting a return to the throne.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The third story arc centers on the longstanding brotherhood charged with defending the realm against the ancient threats of the fierce peoples and legendary creatures that lie far north, and an impending winter that threatens the realm.", "WLZW __knowledge__ WLZW (98.7 FM), branded as Lite 98.7, is an Adult Contemporary radio station in Utica, New York.", "WLZW __knowledge__ The station is owned by Townsquare Media as part of a cluster with news-talk station WIBX, country-formatted WFRG, and classic hits station WODZ.", "WLZW __knowledge__ The station signed on the air on January 1, 1974 as a sister station to WIBX and ran a beautiful music format under the call letters WIBQ.", "WLZW __knowledge__ The station abruptly changed format in 1985 to classic hits as \"Z 98.7\" with the call letters WNYZ.", "WLZW __knowledge__ After a while in the format, WNYZ next flipped to a rock-leaning Top 40 format, identifying as \"New York's Z-98.7\".", "WLZW __knowledge__ The format began with Twisted Sister's \"We're Not Gonna Take It\", followed by Quiet Riot's \"Cum On Feel the Noize\".", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "WIBX __knowledge__ WIBX (950 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station in Utica, New York.", "WIBX __knowledge__ The station airs a talk radio format and is owned by Townsquare Media as part of a cluster with adult contemporary WLZW, country music WFRG-FM, and classic hits WODZ.", "WIBX __knowledge__ WIBX is one of Central New York's oldest radio stations.", "WIBX __knowledge__ Its studios and offices are on River Road in Marcy, New York.", "WIBX __knowledge__ Its transmitter towers are off Clark Mills Road in Whitesboro, New York.", "WIBX __knowledge__ WIBX broadcasts at 5000 watts around the clock but uses a directional antenna system to avoid interfering with other stations on AM 950.", "WIBX __knowledge__ Weekday mornings begin with a local news and talk program hosted by longtime Central New York media personality Bill Keeler.", "Evel Knievel __knowledge__ Robert Craig Knievel Jr. (; October 17, 1938 – November 30, 2007), professionally Evel Knievel, was an American stunt performer, painter, entertainer, and international icon.", "Evel Knievel __knowledge__ Over the course of his career, he attempted more than 75 ramp-to-ramp motorcycle jumps; in 1974, he failed an attempted canyon jump across Snake River Canyon in the Skycycle X-2, a steam-powered rocket.", "Evel Knievel __knowledge__ Knievel was inducted into the Motorcycle Hall of Fame in 1999.", "Evel Knievel __knowledge__ He died of pulmonary disease in Clearwater, Florida in 2007, aged 69.", "Evel Knievel __knowledge__ Knievel was born on October 17, 1938 in Butte, Montana, the first of two children of Robert E. and Ann Marie Keough Knievel.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Yes Minister is a Political satire British sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn that was first transmitted on BBC Two from 1980 to 1984, split over three seven-episode series.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ The sequel, Yes, Prime Minister, ran from 1986 to 1988.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ In total there were 38 episodes, of which all but one lasted half an hour.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Almost all episodes ended with a variation of the title of the series spoken as the answer to a question posed by Hacker.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Several episodes were adapted for BBC Radio, and a stage play was produced in 2010, the latter leading to a new television series on UKTV Gold in 2013.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Set principally in the private office of a British Cabinet minister in the fictional Department of Administrative Affairs in Whitehall, \"Yes Minister\" follows the ministerial career of the Rt Hon Jim Hacker MP, played by Paul Eddington.", "WFRG-FM __knowledge__ WFRG-FM (104.3 FM), branded as Big Frog 104, is a country music radio station licensed to Utica, New York.", "WFRG-FM __knowledge__ Owned by Townsquare Media as part of a cluster with news-talk station WIBX, hot AC-formatted WLZW and classic hits-formatted WODZ, it bills itself as \"The Best And Most Country\".", "WFRG-FM __knowledge__ 104.3 FM in Utica signed on the air in 1948 as WRUN-FM, a simulcast of AM station WRUN.", "WFRG-FM __knowledge__ In 1976 the station changed their call letters to WKGW and began airing an adult contemporary format under the name KG-104 then Magic 104.", "WFRG-FM __knowledge__ For many years, they were the market leading AC station, outlasting competitor WUUU in this format.", "WODZ-FM __knowledge__ WODZ-FM (96.1 FM), branded as \"The Eagle\", is a radio station broadcasting an classic hits format.", "WODZ-FM __knowledge__ Licensed to Rome, New York, United States, the station serves the Utica-Rome market.", "WODZ-FM __knowledge__ The station is owned by Townsquare Media as part of a cluster with news-talk station WIBX, hot AC-formatted WLZW (Lite 98.7), and country-formatted WFRG (Big Frog 104).", "WODZ-FM __knowledge__ WODZ-FM signed on in August 1968 as WKAL-FM, owned by Maurer Broadcasting Corporation and operating at 95.9 FM.", "WODZ-FM __knowledge__ The station originally simulcast its AM sister station, WKAL (1450 AM).", "WODZ-FM __knowledge__ In 1977, WKAL-FM dropped the simulcast in favor of beautiful music.", "HBO __knowledge__ Home Box Office (HBO) is an American premium cable and satellite television network that is owned by Time Warner through its respective flagship company Home Box Office, Inc.", "HBO __knowledge__ Programming featured on the network consists primarily of theatrically released motion pictures and original television series, along with made-for-cable movies and documentaries, boxing matches, and occasional stand-up comedy and concert specials.", "HBO __knowledge__ HBO is the oldest and longest continuously operating pay television service (basic or premium) in the United States, having been in operation since November 8, 1972.", "HBO __knowledge__ In 2016, HBO had an adjusted operating income of US$1.93 billion, compared to the US$1.88 billion it accrued in 2015.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ George R. R. Martin's \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" novels feature a sizable cast of characters.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ The series follows three interwoven plotlines: a dynastic war for control of Westeros by several families; the rising threat of the superhuman Others beyond Westeros's northern border; and the ambition of Daenerys Targaryen, the exiled heir of the previous ruling dynasty.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ Each chapter is narrated in the third person limited point of view through the eyes of a single character.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ Beginning with nine POV characters in \"A Game of Thrones\" (1996), the number grows to thirty-one by \"A Dance with Dragons\" (2011).", "HBO (international) __knowledge__ HBO (Home Box Office), which was originally established as a premium cable television channel in the United States, has expanded worldwide.", "HBO (international) __knowledge__ Since 1991, HBO has overseen a number of partnerships that operate HBO-branded television networks around the world.", "HBO (international) __knowledge__ As HBO was launched in new markets, the brand has been used in several countries.", "HBO (international) __knowledge__ While in some countries, it operates using a subscription-based model akin to that of the U.S. service, in others it is offered as a basic cable channel.", "HBO (international) __knowledge__ Although HBO has the right to distribute its original programs for broadcast in other countries, the terms of its licensing agreements with film studios only retains it the right to broadcast them within the United States and the territories of Puerto Rico, Guam and the U.S. Virgin Islands, therefore film rights for the international channels must be licensed separately.", "HBO Canada __knowledge__ HBO Canada is a multiplex television channel of the Canadian premium cable and satellite television service The Movie Network (TMN), which is owned by Bell Media.", "HBO Canada __knowledge__ The channel is primarily devoted to original programming and special events sourced from the HBO and Cinemax subscription services in the United States, as well as domestic motion pictures.", "HBO Canada __knowledge__ Although branded distinctly from TMN's other channels, HBO Canada is not available as a standalone channel; customers must subscribe to the entire TMN service of which HBO Canada is part.", "HBO Canada __knowledge__ Moreover, the pick-and-pay policies being implemented for Canadian specialty channels in 2016 do not affect premium services like TMN.", "HBO Brasil __knowledge__ HBO Brazil is the Brazilian version of HBO, a pay TV channel dedicated to feature films, series and other special content since 1994.", "HBO Brasil __knowledge__ As with its American counterpart, HBO Brazil has premium characteristics, and invests in original programming.", "HBO Brasil __knowledge__ It is also the flagship network on HBO Max, the channel package offered by its programmer, HBO Latin America Group, along with the movie-oriented Max channel.", "HBO Brasil __knowledge__ The first signs of a Latin American expansion of HBO came with the debut of \"Selecciones\" in 1989, a Spanish-language track available during part of HBO's programming in the US.", "HBO Brasil __knowledge__ Up to the end of 1991, HBO already had a channel operating in Latin America, although not in Portuguese.", "Boxing career of Manny Pacquiao __knowledge__ Manny Pacquiao has competed in professional boxing since 1995.", "Boxing career of Manny Pacquiao __knowledge__ He is the only eight-division world champion in the history of the sport, having won multiple major world titles, as well as being the first boxer to win the lineal championship in five different weight divisions.", "Boxing career of Manny Pacquiao __knowledge__ Pacquiao is also the first boxer in history to win a major world title in four of the original eight weight divisions of boxing, also known as the \"glamour divisions\": flyweight, featherweight, lightweight, and welterweight.", "Boxing career of Manny Pacquiao __knowledge__ In 2016, Pacquiao was ranked second on ESPN's list of top boxers, pound for pound, of the past 25 years." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Game of Thrones is an American fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is an adaptation of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", George R. R. Martin's series of fantasy novels, the first of which is \"A Game of Thrones\".", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is filmed in Belfast and elsewhere in the United Kingdom, Canada, Croatia, Iceland, Malta, Morocco, Spain, and the United States.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series premiered on HBO in the United States on April 17, 2011, and its seventh season ended on August 27, 2017.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series will conclude with its eighth season premiering in 2019.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Set on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos, \"Game of Thrones\" has several plot lines and a large ensemble cast but centers on three primary story arcs.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The first story arc centers on the Iron Throne of the Seven Kingdoms and follows a web of alliances and conflicts among the dynastic noble families either vying to claim the throne or fighting for independence from the throne.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The second story arc focuses on the last descendant of the realm's deposed ruling dynasty, exiled and plotting a return to the throne.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The third story arc centers on the longstanding brotherhood charged with defending the realm against the ancient threats of the fierce peoples and legendary creatures that lie far north, and an impending winter that threatens the realm.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Yea ( ) is a town in Victoria, Australia north-east of Melbourne at the junction of the Goulburn Valley Highway and the Melba Highway, in the Shire of Murrindindi local government area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ In an area originally inhabited by the Taungurong people, it was first visited by Europeans of the Hume and Hovell expedition in 1824, and within 15 years most of the land in the area had been taken up by graziers.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Surveyed in 1855, the township grew as a service centre for grazing, gold-mining and timber-getting in the area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ The town has had a fairly stable population (around 1,100) since 1900, though it now has a relatively old population.", "List of Power Rangers Mystic Force characters __knowledge__ \"Power Rangers Mystic Force\" is the 2006 season of Power Rangers which tells the story of the fight between the Mystic Rangers and the evil Forces of Darkness who are trying to rule over the worlds of mortals and magic.", "List of Power Rangers Mystic Force characters __knowledge__ The powers of the Mystic Rangers are derived from beings known as the Ancient Titans, creatures with great elemental powers, symbolized by mythological creatures from various Earth mythologies on the Ranger's visors (the creatures being the phoenix, the sprite, the garuda, the minotaur and the mermaid).", "List of Power Rangers Mystic Force characters __knowledge__ To date, they are the only team of Rangers to not have some kind of team-up special with another Ranger team in their own season.", "Prairie Parkway __knowledge__ The Prairie Parkway is a proposed transportation project by the Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) to connect Interstate 80 to Interstate 88 in the outer western and southwestern suburbs of Chicago, Illinois.", "Prairie Parkway __knowledge__ In July 2002 a planning corridor from I-80 near Minooka to I-88 near Elburn was protected from development in Grundy, Kendall and Kane counties under Illinois' Corridor Protection Act.", "Prairie Parkway __knowledge__ A legal challenge to the state's Corridor Protection Act for the Prairie Parkway was unanimously rejected by the Illinois Supreme Court.", "Prairie Parkway __knowledge__ This decision was later appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court, which refused to hear the case.", "List of Chronicles of the Cursed Sword characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the manwha series \"Chronicles of the Cursed Sword\".", "List of Chronicles of the Cursed Sword characters __knowledge__ Rey Yan is the main character of the series.", "List of Chronicles of the Cursed Sword characters __knowledge__ His past is mysterious and full of heartache.", "List of Chronicles of the Cursed Sword characters __knowledge__ He wields the Pasa sword which has a similarly mysterious a past.", "List of Chronicles of the Cursed Sword characters __knowledge__ His true sister disappeared long ago and now he travels with Shyao, a girl he pictures both as his older sister and his one true love, though he's never going to admit it.", "List of Chronicles of the Cursed Sword characters __knowledge__ Rey is hot-tempered and hard to reason with, and though his skills are extraordinary, he has a long way to go.", "List of Chronicles of the Cursed Sword characters __knowledge__ His combat skills are raw and heavily dependent on his sword.", "List of Chronicles of the Cursed Sword characters __knowledge__ Inside him is the power of Ban-Go (Pan-Gu), the progenitor god of the universe, and while it is partly unleashed during the battle with the Sorcerer King, Rey Yan does not have complete control of him.", "Ferdinand IV of Castile __knowledge__ Ferdinand IV of Castile (6 December 1285 – 7 September 1312) called the Summoned (\"el Emplazado\"), was a King of Castile and León from 1295 until his death.", "Ferdinand IV of Castile __knowledge__ During his minority, his upbringing and the custody of his person were entrusted to his mother, Queen María de Molina, while his tutorship was entrusted to the \"Infante\" Henry of Castile the Senator, son of King Fernando III of Castile.", "Ferdinand IV of Castile __knowledge__ At that time, and also for the rest of his reign, his mother tried to placate the nobility, confronted her son's enemies, and repeatedly prevented Ferdinand IV from being dethroned.", "Ferdinand IV of Castile __knowledge__ He had to face the insubordination of the nobility, led at numerous times by his uncle, the \"Infante\" John of Castile, Lord of Valencia de Campos and by Juan Núñez II de Lara, who were supported in some occasions by Juan Manuel, Prince of Villena and grandson of the King Ferdinand III.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Lacy Walter Giles Yea (20 May 1808 – 18 June 1855) was a British Army colonel, known for his role in the Crimean War, where he was killed in action.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Born in Park Row, Bristol, on 20 May 1808, he was eldest son of Sir William Walter Yea, second baronet, of Pyrland, near Taunton, Somerset, who married, on 24 June 1805, Anne Heckstetter (d. 1846), youngest daughter of Colonel David Michel of Dulish House, Dorset.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Lacy Yea was educated at Eton College.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ He was commissioned as ensign in the 37th foot on 6 October 1825, obtained an unattached lieutenancy on 19 December 1826, was appointed to the 5th Foot on 13 March 1827, and exchanged to the 7th (Royal Fusiliers) on 13 March 1828.", "List of Garo characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the various characters throughout the Japanese tokusatsu series \"Garo\", not including the Horrors, a breed of demonic beings that make for most of the series antagonists.", "List of Garo characters __knowledge__ The various holders of the title are the main characters of the franchise, armed with the blade.", "List of Garo characters __knowledge__ The Garo title, based on the word for \"hope\" in the old Makai language, is traditionally associated with the Saezima family.", "List of Garo characters __knowledge__ For reasons yet to be explained, the man who takes the title of Garo is often regarded to be the strongest Knight, widely known throughout the Makai community.", "List of Garo characters __knowledge__ This is however, not a formal ranking in itself and no preferential treatment is given to the said Knight, as evident with Kouga in \"\" who was in service for years before being promoted to be a Knight serving under the Senate.", "List of Game of Thrones characters __knowledge__ The characters from the American medieval fantasy television series \"Game of Thrones\" are based on their respective counterparts from author George R. R. Martin's \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series of novels.", "List of Game of Thrones characters __knowledge__ Set in a fictional universe that has been referred to so far as \"The Known World,\" the series follows a civil war for the Iron Throne of the continent of Westeros, fought between the rival royal and noble families and their respective supporters.", "List of Game of Thrones characters __knowledge__ The following cast members have been credited as main cast in the opening credits: Additionally the following cast members have appeared in 10 or more episodes of the show while maintaining a 'recurring' status: Ned Stark (season 1, 6-7) portrayed by Sean Bean in season 1 as an adult, and by Sebastian Croft in season 6 as a child, and Robert Aramayo in season 6 and 7 as a young adult.", "Sansa Stark __knowledge__ Sansa Stark is a fictional character created by American author George R. R. Martin.", "Sansa Stark __knowledge__ She is a prominent character in Martin's award-winning \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series.", "Sansa Stark __knowledge__ Introduced in 1996's \"A Game of Thrones\", Sansa is the eldest daughter and second child of Lord Eddard Stark and his wife Lady Catelyn Stark.", "Sansa Stark __knowledge__ She subsequently appeared in the following three novels, \"A Clash of Kings\" (1998), \"A Storm of Swords\" (2000) and \"A Feast for Crows\" (2005).", "Sansa Stark __knowledge__ While absent from the fifth novel \"A Dance with Dragons\" as the books are separated geographically, Sansa is confirmed to return in the forthcoming next book in the series, \"The Winds of Winter\".", "Joffrey Baratheon __knowledge__ Joffrey Baratheon is a fictional character in the \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series of epic fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin, and its television adaptation \"Game of Thrones\".", "Joffrey Baratheon __knowledge__ Introduced in 1996's \"A Game of Thrones\", Joffrey is the eldest son of Cersei Lannister from the kingdom of Westeros.", "Joffrey Baratheon __knowledge__ He subsequently appeared in Martin's \"A Clash of Kings\" (1998) and \"A Storm of Swords\" (2000).", "Joffrey Baratheon __knowledge__ Joffrey is portrayed by Irish actor Jack Gleeson in the HBO television adaptation.", "Joffrey Baratheon __knowledge__ Joffrey Baratheon is not a point of view character in the novels, so his actions are witnessed and interpreted through the eyes of other people, such as his uncle Tyrion Lannister and his one-time fiancée Sansa Stark.", "Tyrion Lannister __knowledge__ Tyrion Lannister (also referred to as \"the Imp\" or \"the Halfman\") is a fictional character in \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", a series of fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin and its television adaptation \"Game of Thrones\".", "Tyrion Lannister __knowledge__ Based on an idea that came to Martin while writing the 1981 novel \"Windhaven\", Tyrion has been called one of the author's finest creations and most popular characters by \"The New York Times\".", "Tyrion Lannister __knowledge__ Martin has named the character as his favorite in the series.", "Tyrion Lannister __knowledge__ Introduced in \"A Game of Thrones\" (1996), Tyrion is a dwarf and member of House Lannister, one of the wealthiest and most powerful families in the fictional kingdom of Westeros.", "Joffrey Ballet __knowledge__ The Joffrey Ballet is a professional dance company resident in Chicago, Illinois, USA.", "Joffrey Ballet __knowledge__ The company regularly performs both classical ballets, including \"Romeo & Juliet\" and \"The Nutcracker\", and modern dance pieces.", "Joffrey Ballet __knowledge__ Many choreographers have worked with the Joffrey including Paul Taylor, Twyla Tharp, George Balanchine, and founders Gerald Arpino and Robert Joffrey.", "Joffrey Ballet __knowledge__ Founded as a touring company in 1956, it was based in New York City until 1995 when it moved to Chicago.", "Joffrey Ballet __knowledge__ The company's headquarters and dance academy are in Joffrey Tower, and it performs its September–May season at the Auditorium Theatre.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ George R. R. Martin's \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" novels feature a sizable cast of characters.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ The series follows three interwoven plotlines: a dynastic war for control of Westeros by several families; the rising threat of the superhuman Others beyond Westeros's northern border; and the ambition of Daenerys Targaryen, the exiled heir of the previous ruling dynasty.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ Each chapter is narrated in the third person limited point of view through the eyes of a single character.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ Beginning with nine POV characters in \"A Game of Thrones\" (1996), the number grows to thirty-one by \"A Dance with Dragons\" (2011).", "Regulation of emotion __knowledge__ Regulation of emotion describes ways that people attempt to regulate their emotions, for instance by denying, intensifying, weakening, curtailing, masking, or completely hiding them.", "Regulation of emotion __knowledge__ Emotion regulation can also be described as the process in which people modify their emotional reactions—the coping processes that increase or decrease the intensity of the moment.", "Regulation of emotion __knowledge__ Human lives can be divided into three major stages: childhood, adolescence and adulthood.", "Regulation of emotion __knowledge__ During each of these phases regulation of emotions drastically improves.", "Regulation of emotion __knowledge__ There are individual differences in the way people regulate their emotions and in how well they do it." ] ]

[ 3, 4, 0, 58 ]

[ "It is, literally, the best show ever. It's filmed in Belfast, UK, and a lot of other places!", "It's cool to consider that it started on HBO in 2011!", "I didn't until the 3rd season when I picked it up. I think most people get torn in their emotions over, for example, Joffrey", "So does the Red Wedding! Personally, Tyrion is my favorite. What an interesting life" ]

[ "Game of Thrones", "Game of Thrones", "Game of Thrones", "Game of Thrones" ]

[ "Cancer\nI have lost some people to cancer and it is a concern of mine. Have you been affected by cancer?", "Oh no that is terrible and I am sorry to hear that. A friend of mine has a 15 year old daughter who is fighting throat cancer right now.", "She had a tumor in her lymph node that spread. Yes that makes me feel guilty if I smoke and drink for sure.", "That is a very excellent point I agree. My mother is now 70 years old and she has warned me about the chance of melanoma in the last several years.", "Yes my girlfriend goes to tanning bed and I worry about her getting skin damage. I try to get her to use sunscreen at least." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cancer __knowledge__ Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.", "Cancer __knowledge__ These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread to other parts of the body.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Possible signs and symptoms include a lump, abnormal bleeding, prolonged cough, unexplained weight loss, and a change in bowel movements.", "Cancer __knowledge__ While these symptoms may indicate cancer, they may have other causes.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Over 100 types of cancers affect humans.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Tobacco use is the cause of about 22% of cancer deaths.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Another 10% are due to obesity, poor diet, lack of physical activity, and excessive drinking of alcohol.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Other factors include certain infections, exposure to ionizing radiation and environmental pollutants.", "Cancer __knowledge__ In the developing world nearly 20% of cancers are due to infections such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human papillomavirus infection.", "Cancer __knowledge__ These factors act, at least partly, by changing the genes of a cell.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Typically many genetic changes are required before cancer develops.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Approximately 5–10% of cancers are due to inherited genetic defects from a person's parents.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Cancer can be detected by certain signs and symptoms or screening tests.", "Cancer __knowledge__ It is then typically further investigated by medical imaging and confirmed by biopsy.", "Environmental racism in Europe __knowledge__ Environmental racism in Europe has been documented in relation to racialized immigrant and migrant populations alongside Romani (Roma/Gypsy), Yenish, Irish Traveller, and communities (such as the Sami, Komi, and Nenets) from within continental borders.", "Environmental racism in Europe __knowledge__ Environmental racism is the practice of environmental injustice within a racialized context, in which socially marginalized communities and minority groups are subjected to disproportionate exposure of environmental hazards, denial of access to sources of ecological sustenance such as clean air, water, and natural resources, or infringement of environmentally related human rights.", "Breast cancer __knowledge__ Breast cancer is cancer that develops from breast tissue.", "Breast cancer __knowledge__ Signs of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast, a change in breast shape, dimpling of the skin, fluid coming from the nipple, or a red scaly patch of skin.", "Breast cancer __knowledge__ In those with distant spread of the disease, there may be bone pain, swollen lymph nodes, shortness of breath, or yellow skin.", "Breast cancer __knowledge__ Risk factors for developing breast cancer include being female, obesity, lack of physical exercise, drinking alcohol, hormone replacement therapy during menopause, ionizing radiation, early age at first menstruation, having children late or not at all, older age, and family history.", "Uranium mining and the Navajo people __knowledge__ The United States encouraged uranium mining production because of the nuclear arms race with the Soviet Union, its opponent in the Cold War.", "Uranium mining and the Navajo people __knowledge__ Large uranium deposits were found on and near the Navajo Reservation in the Southwest, and these were developed through the 20th century.", "Uranium mining and the Navajo people __knowledge__ Absent much environmental regulation prior to the founding of the Environmental Protection Agency in 1970 and passage of related laws, the mining endangered thousands of Navajo workers, as well as producing contamination that has persisted in adversely affecting air and water quality, and contaminating Navajo lands.", "Uranium mining and the Navajo people __knowledge__ Private companies hired many Navajo employees to work the mines.", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster __knowledge__ The radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster are the observed and predicted effects resulting from the release of radioactive isotopes from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant after the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster __knowledge__ Radioactive isotopes were released from reactor containment vessels as a result of venting to reduce gaseous pressure, and the discharge of coolant water into the sea.", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster __knowledge__ This resulted in Japanese authorities implementing a 20 km exclusion zone around the power plant, and the continued displacement of approximately 156,000 people as of early 2013.", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster __knowledge__ Trace quantities of radioactive particles from the incident, including iodine-131 and caesium-134/137, have since been detected around the world.", "Effects of the Chernobyl disaster __knowledge__ The 1986 Chernobyl disaster triggered the release of substantial amounts of radioactivity into the atmosphere in the form of both particulate and gaseous radioisotopes.", "Effects of the Chernobyl disaster __knowledge__ It is one of the most significant unintentional releases of radioactivity into the environment to present day.", "Effects of the Chernobyl disaster __knowledge__ The work of the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE), suggests that the Chernobyl incident cannot be directly compared to atmospheric tests of nuclear weapons through a single number, with one being simply \"x\" times larger than the other.", "Effects of the Chernobyl disaster __knowledge__ This is partly due to the fact that the isotopes released at Chernobyl tended to be longer-lived than those released by the detonation of atomic bombs, thus producing radioactivity curves that vary in shape as well as size.", "Health effects of radon __knowledge__ Radon () is a radioactive, colorless, odorless, tasteless noble gas, occurring naturally as the decay product of radium.", "Health effects of radon __knowledge__ It is one of the densest substances that remains a gas under normal conditions, and is considered to be a health hazard due to its radioactivity.", "Health effects of radon __knowledge__ Its most stable isotope, Rn, has a half-life of 3.8 days.", "Health effects of radon __knowledge__ Due to its high radioactivity, it has been less well-studied by chemists, but a few compounds are known.", "Health effects of radon __knowledge__ Radon is formed as part of the normal radioactive decay chain of uranium into Pb.", "Health effects of radon __knowledge__ Uranium has been present since the earth was formed and its most common isotope has a very long half-life (4.5 billion years), which is the time required for one-half of uranium to break down." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cancer __knowledge__ Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.", "Cancer __knowledge__ These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread to other parts of the body.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Possible signs and symptoms include a lump, abnormal bleeding, prolonged cough, unexplained weight loss, and a change in bowel movements.", "Cancer __knowledge__ While these symptoms may indicate cancer, they may have other causes.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Over 100 types of cancers affect humans.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Tobacco use is the cause of about 22% of cancer deaths.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Another 10% are due to obesity, poor diet, lack of physical activity, and excessive drinking of alcohol.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Other factors include certain infections, exposure to ionizing radiation and environmental pollutants.", "Cancer __knowledge__ In the developing world nearly 20% of cancers are due to infections such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human papillomavirus infection.", "Cancer __knowledge__ These factors act, at least partly, by changing the genes of a cell.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Typically many genetic changes are required before cancer develops.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Approximately 5–10% of cancers are due to inherited genetic defects from a person's parents.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Cancer can be detected by certain signs and symptoms or screening tests.", "Cancer __knowledge__ It is then typically further investigated by medical imaging and confirmed by biopsy.", "Head and neck cancer __knowledge__ Head and neck cancer is a group of cancers that starts within the mouth, nose, throat, larynx, sinuses, or salivary glands.", "Head and neck cancer __knowledge__ Symptoms may include a lump or sore that does not heal, a sore throat that does not go away, trouble swallowing, or a change in the voice.", "Head and neck cancer __knowledge__ There may also be unusual bleeding, facial swelling, or trouble breathing.", "Head and neck cancer __knowledge__ About 75% of head and neck cancer is due to the use of alcohol or tobacco.", "Head and neck cancer __knowledge__ Other risk factors include betel quid, certain types of human papillomavirus, radiation exposure, certain workplace exposures, and Epstein-Barr virus.", "Head and neck cancer __knowledge__ Head and neck cancers are most commonly of the squamous cell carcinoma type.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Friday the 13th is an American horror franchise that consists of twelve slasher films, a television show, novels, and comic books.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ The main villain in the series is Jason Voorhees, who drowned at Camp Crystal Lake as a boy due to the negligence of the teenage counselors.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Decades later, the lake is rumored to be \"cursed\" and is the setting for a series of mass murders.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Jason is featured in all of the films, either as the killer or as the motivation for the killings.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Each entry in the series features a different cast of characters, including a final girl who defeats the killer in the end.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Recurring characters in the series include Jason's vengeful mother Pamela Voorhees, Alice Hardy, Tommy Jarvis and Crazy Ralph.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "List of Halloween characters __knowledge__ The following are fictional characters in the American \"Halloween\" film series.", "List of Halloween characters __knowledge__ Appears in \"\" Alan \"Big Al\" Gateway (Michael Ruud) lost his son, who was killed by Michael Myers, on October 31, 1978.", "List of Halloween characters __knowledge__ When he hears on a news station that Michael Myers has returned, he attempts to kill him for revenge.", "List of Halloween characters __knowledge__ He, his brother Orrin, his friend Earl and other local men band together and try to locate Michael so that they can kill him.", "List of Halloween characters __knowledge__ However, he is attacked and murdered by Michael, who stabs him in the central area of his stomach when he fights against him on the back of a pick up truck.", "List of Halloween characters __knowledge__ Appears in: \"Halloween II\" (1981) Alice Martin (Anne Bruner) is a supporting character in the second \"Halloween\" film.", "Marc Hunter __knowledge__ Marc Alexander Hunter (7 September 195317 July 1998) was a New Zealand rock and pop singer, songwriter and record producer.", "Marc Hunter __knowledge__ He was the lead vocalist of Dragon (1973–79, 1982–89, 1995–97), a band formed by his older brother, Todd Hunter, in Auckland in 1972.", "Marc Hunter __knowledge__ They relocated to Sydney in May 1975.", "Marc Hunter __knowledge__ He was also a member of the Party Boys (1985).", "Marc Hunter __knowledge__ For his solo career he issued five studio albums, \"Fiji Bitter\" (November 1979), \"Big City Talk\" (August 1981), \"Communication\" (September 1985), \"Night and Day\" (August 1990) and \"Talk to Strangers\" (late 1994).", "Marc Hunter __knowledge__ During the 1970s Hunter had developed heroin and alcohol addictions; he was incarcerated at Mt Eden Prison in Auckland in 1978; he was recklessly outspoken and volatile on-stage: in November 1978 during the band's United States tour, supporting Johnny Winter, they performed in Dallas, Texas, where \"he made some general stage observations about redneck buddies, illegal oral sex and pick-up trucks\" and called the audience members, \"faggots\".", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ This is a list of episodes for \"Deadliest Warrior\".", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ \"Deadliest Warrior\" premiered on April 7, 2009 at 10 pm ET.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Nine one-hour episodes of the show were produced for Season 1.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Season 1 was released on DVD and Blu-ray on May 11, 2010.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Apache team: Alan Tafoya (World Champion Knife Fighter), Snake Blocker (U.S. Army Combat Instructor) Apache weapons: Tomahawk, Knife, Bow & Arrow, War Club Apache armor: Rawhide Shield Apache statistics: \"Height:\" 5 feet, 7 inches \"Weight:\" 140 lbs \"Gear Weight:\" 10 pounds Gladiator team: Chris Torres (Ancient Weapons Specialist), Steven Dietrich (Gladiator Combat Instructor), Chuck Liddell (The Iceman) Gladiator weapons: Cestus, Scissor, Trident & Net, Sling, Sica Gladiator armor: Murmillo Helmet, Wooden Shield Gladiator statistics: \"Height:\" 5 feet, 8 inches \"Weight\": 185 lbs \"Gear Weight\": Ranges from 10 lbs to 38 lbs Reenactment 1 The Apache is seen walking in a grassy field.", "Philipp, Prince of Eulenburg __knowledge__ Philipp Friedrich Alexander, Prince of Eulenburg and Hertefeld, Count von Sandels (12 February 1847 – 17 September 1921) was a diplomat and composer of Imperial Germany who achieved considerable influence as the closest friend of Wilhelm II.", "Philipp, Prince of Eulenburg __knowledge__ He was the central member of the so-called Liebenberg Circle, a group of artistically minded German aristocrats within Wilhelm's entourage.", "Philipp, Prince of Eulenburg __knowledge__ Eulenburg played an important role in the rise of Bernhard von Bülow, but fell from power in 1907 due to the Harden–Eulenburg affair when he was accused of homosexuality.", "Philipp, Prince of Eulenburg __knowledge__ Eulenburg was born at Königsberg, Province of Prussia, the eldest son of Philipp Konrad, Count zu Eulenburg (Königsberg, 24 April 1820 – Berlin, 5 March 1889) and his wife, Baroness Alexandrine von Rothkirch und Panthen (Glogau, 20 June 1824 – Meran, 11 April 1902).", "Effects of the Chernobyl disaster __knowledge__ The 1986 Chernobyl disaster triggered the release of substantial amounts of radioactivity into the atmosphere in the form of both particulate and gaseous radioisotopes.", "Effects of the Chernobyl disaster __knowledge__ It is one of the most significant unintentional releases of radioactivity into the environment to present day.", "Effects of the Chernobyl disaster __knowledge__ The work of the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE), suggests that the Chernobyl incident cannot be directly compared to atmospheric tests of nuclear weapons through a single number, with one being simply \"x\" times larger than the other.", "Effects of the Chernobyl disaster __knowledge__ This is partly due to the fact that the isotopes released at Chernobyl tended to be longer-lived than those released by the detonation of atomic bombs, thus producing radioactivity curves that vary in shape as well as size.", "Chernobyl disaster __knowledge__ The Chernobyl disaster, also referred to as the Chernobyl accident, was a catastrophic nuclear accident.", "Chernobyl disaster __knowledge__ It occurred on 25–26 April 1986 in the No.4 light water graphite moderated reactor at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant near Pripyat, a town in northern Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic which was part of the Soviet Union (USSR), approximately 104 km north of Kiev.", "Chernobyl disaster __knowledge__ The event occurred during a late-night safety test which simulated a station blackout power-failure and in which safety systems were deliberately turned off.", "Chernobyl disaster __knowledge__ A combination of inherent reactor design flaws and the reactor operators arranging the core in a manner contrary to the checklist for the test, eventually resulted in uncontrolled reaction conditions.", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster __knowledge__ The radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster are the observed and predicted effects resulting from the release of radioactive isotopes from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant after the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster __knowledge__ Radioactive isotopes were released from reactor containment vessels as a result of venting to reduce gaseous pressure, and the discharge of coolant water into the sea.", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster __knowledge__ This resulted in Japanese authorities implementing a 20 km exclusion zone around the power plant, and the continued displacement of approximately 156,000 people as of early 2013.", "Radiation effects from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster __knowledge__ Trace quantities of radioactive particles from the incident, including iodine-131 and caesium-134/137, have since been detected around the world.", "Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster __knowledge__ The was an energy accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Ōkuma, Fukushima Prefecture, initiated primarily by the tsunami following the Tōhoku earthquake on 11 March 2011.", "Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster __knowledge__ Immediately after the earthquake, the active reactors automatically shut down their sustained fission reactions.", "Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster __knowledge__ However, the tsunami disabled the emergency generators that would have provided power to control and operate the pumps necessary to cool the reactors.", "Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster __knowledge__ The insufficient cooling led to three nuclear meltdowns, hydrogen-air explosions, and the release of radioactive material in Units 1, 2, and 3 from 12 March to 15 March.", "Environmental impact of nuclear power __knowledge__ The environmental impact of nuclear power results from the nuclear fuel cycle, operation, and the effects of nuclear accidents.", "Environmental impact of nuclear power __knowledge__ The greenhouse gas emissions from nuclear fission power are much smaller than those associated with coal, oil and gas, and the routine health risks are much smaller than those associated with coal.", "Environmental impact of nuclear power __knowledge__ However, there is a \"catastrophic risk\" potential if containment fails, which in nuclear reactors can be brought about by overheated fuels melting and releasing large quantities of fission products into the environment.", "Environmental impact of nuclear power __knowledge__ This potential risk could wipe out the benefits.", "Environmental impact of nuclear power __knowledge__ The most long-lived radioactive wastes, including spent nuclear fuel, must be contained and isolated from the environment for a long period of time.", "Nuclear safety and security __knowledge__ Nuclear safety is defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as \"The achievement of proper operating conditions, prevention of accidents or mitigation of accident consequences, resulting in protection of workers, the public and the environment from undue radiation hazards\".", "Nuclear safety and security __knowledge__ The IAEA defines nuclear security as \"The prevention and detection of and response to, theft, sabotage, unauthorized access, illegal transfer or other malicious acts involving nuclear material, other radioactive substances or their associated facilities\".", "Nuclear safety and security __knowledge__ This covers nuclear power plants and all other nuclear facilities, the transportation of nuclear materials, and the use and storage of nuclear materials for medical, power, industry, and military uses.", "Nuclear power debate __knowledge__ The nuclear power debate is a long-running controversy about the risks and benefits of using nuclear reactors to generate electricity for civilian purposes.", "Nuclear power debate __knowledge__ The debate about nuclear power peaked during the 1970s and 1980s, as more and more reactors were built and came online, and \"reached an intensity unprecedented in the history of technology controversies\" in some countries.", "Nuclear power debate __knowledge__ Thereafter, the nuclear industry created jobs, focused on safety and public concerns mostly waned.", "Nuclear power debate __knowledge__ In the last decade, however, with growing public awareness about climate change and the critical role that carbon dioxide and methane emissions plays in causing the heating of the earth's atmosphere, there's been a resurgence in the intensity nuclear power debate once again." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cancer __knowledge__ Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.", "Cancer __knowledge__ These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread to other parts of the body.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Possible signs and symptoms include a lump, abnormal bleeding, prolonged cough, unexplained weight loss, and a change in bowel movements.", "Cancer __knowledge__ While these symptoms may indicate cancer, they may have other causes.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Over 100 types of cancers affect humans.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Tobacco use is the cause of about 22% of cancer deaths.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Another 10% are due to obesity, poor diet, lack of physical activity, and excessive drinking of alcohol.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Other factors include certain infections, exposure to ionizing radiation and environmental pollutants.", "Cancer __knowledge__ In the developing world nearly 20% of cancers are due to infections such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human papillomavirus infection.", "Cancer __knowledge__ These factors act, at least partly, by changing the genes of a cell.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Typically many genetic changes are required before cancer develops.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Approximately 5–10% of cancers are due to inherited genetic defects from a person's parents.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Cancer can be detected by certain signs and symptoms or screening tests.", "Cancer __knowledge__ It is then typically further investigated by medical imaging and confirmed by biopsy.", "Melanoma __knowledge__ Melanoma, also known as malignant melanoma, is a type of cancer that develops from the pigment-containing cells known as melanocytes.", "Melanoma __knowledge__ Melanomas typically occur in the skin, but may rarely occur in the mouth, intestines, or eye.", "Melanoma __knowledge__ In women, they most commonly occur on the legs, while in men they are most common on the back.", "Melanoma __knowledge__ Sometimes they develop from a mole with concerning changes including an increase in size, irregular edges, change in color, itchiness, or skin breakdown.", "Melanoma __knowledge__ The primary cause of melanoma is ultraviolet light (UV) exposure in those with low levels of skin pigment.", "Melanoma __knowledge__ The UV light may be from either the sun or from other sources, such as tanning devices.", "Sentinel lymph node __knowledge__ The sentinel lymph node is the hypothetical first lymph node or group of nodes draining a cancer.", "Sentinel lymph node __knowledge__ In case of established cancerous dissemination it is postulated that the sentinel lymph node/s is/are the target organs primarily reached by metastasizing cancer cells from the tumor.", "Sentinel lymph node __knowledge__ Thus, sentinel lymph nodes can be totally void of cancer because they were detected prior to dissemination.", "Sentinel lymph node __knowledge__ The sentinel node procedure is the identification, removal and analysis of the sentinel lymph nodes of a particular tumour.", "Sentinel lymph node __knowledge__ The spread of some forms of cancer usually follows an orderly progression, spreading first to regional lymph nodes, then the next echelon of lymph nodes, and so on, since the flow of lymph is directional, meaning that some cancers spread in a predictable fashion from where the cancer started.", "Lymph node __knowledge__ A lymph node or lymph gland is an ovoid or kidney-shaped organ of the lymphatic system, and of the adaptive immune system, that is widely present throughout the body.", "Lymph node __knowledge__ They are linked by the lymphatic vessels as a part of the circulatory system.", "Lymph node __knowledge__ Lymph nodes are major sites of B and T lymphocytes, and other white blood cells.", "Lymph node __knowledge__ Lymph nodes are important for the proper functioning of the immune system, acting as filters for foreign particles and cancer cells.", "Lymph node __knowledge__ Lymph nodes do not have a detoxification function, which is primarily dealt with by the liver and kidneys.", "Lymph node __knowledge__ In the lymphatic system the lymph node is a secondary lymphoid organ.", "Index of oncology articles __knowledge__ This is a list of terms related to oncology.", "Index of oncology articles __knowledge__ The original source for this list was the US National Cancer Institute's public domain \"Dictionary of Cancer Terms\".", "Index of oncology articles __knowledge__ – 10-propargyl-10-deazaaminopterin – 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate – 13-cis retinoic acid – 17-N-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin – 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging – 2-methoxyestradiol – 2IT-BAD monoclonal antibody 170 – 3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone – 3-AP – 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy – 3-dimensional radiation therapy – 4-demethoxydaunorubicin – 4-hydroxytamoxifen – 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide – 4-NQO – 5-FU – 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid – 5-hydroxytryptamine – 506U78 – 5Q- syndrome – 6-hydroxymethylacylfulvene – 9-cis retinoic acid – 90Y-DOTA-biotin A33 monoclonal antibody – AAP – abarelix – ABCD rating – ABI-007 – ABT-510 – ABT-751 – ABX-EGF – accelerated phase – ACE inhibitor – acetylcysteine – achlorhydria – acitretin – acoustic neurofibromatosis – acridine carboxamide – acrylonitrile – actinic keratosis – action study – Activase – acute erythroid leukemia – acute lymphoblastic leukemia – acute lymphocytic leukemia – acute myelogenous leukemia – acute myeloid leukemia – acute nonlymphocytic leukemia – AD 32 – adenocarcinoma – adenoid cystic cancer – adenoma – adenopathy – adenosine triphosphate – adenovirus – adjunct agent – adjunctive therapy – adjuvant therapy – adrenocortical – Adriamycin – adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma – AE-941 – AEE788 – aerobic metabolism – aerobic respiration – aerodigestive tract – aerosolize – aflatoxin – AFP – AG013736 – AG2037 – AG3340 – AG337 – agent study – agglutinin – aggressive lymphoma – agnogenic myeloid metaplasia – agonist – agranulocytosis – AJCC staging system – alanine aminopeptidase – alanine transferase – alanosine – aldesleukin – alemtuzumab – alendronate sodium – alkalinization – alkylating agent – ALL – all-trans retinoic acid – allogeneic – allogeneic bone marrow transplantation – allogeneic stem cell transplantation – allogenic – allopurinol – Allovectin-7 – aloe-emodin – alopecia – alpha-fetoprotein – Alteplase – altretamine – aluminium sulfate – ALVAC-CEA vaccine – Amanita phalloides – Ambien – amelanotic melanoma – Ames, Bruce – amifostine – amikacin – aminocamptothecin – aminoglutethimide – aminoglycoside antibiotic – aminolevulinic acid – aminopterin – AML – amonafide – amoxicillin – amphotericin B – ampulla – ampulla of Vater – amputation – amsacrine – amylase – amyloidosis – anagrelide – anakinra – anaphylactic shock – anaplastic – anaplastic large cell lymphoma – anaplastic thyroid cancer – anastomosis – anastrozole – androgen – androgen ablation – androgen suppression – androgen-independent – anecdotal report – anemia – anetholtrithione – Angelica root – angiogenesis – angiogenesis inhibitor – angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma – angiosarcoma – angiostatin – angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor – anhydrovinblastine – anidulafungin – animal model – annamycin – anorexia – ansamycin – antagonist – anterior mediastinotomy – anterior mediastinum – anthracenedione – anthracycline – anthraquinone – anti-CEA antibody – anti-idiotype vaccine – anti-inflammatory – antiandrogen – antiandrogen therapy – anti-angiogenesis – antiangiogenic – antibody – antibody therapy – anticachexia – anticancer antibiotic – anticarcinogenic – anticoagulant – anticonvulsant – antidepressant – antiemetic – antiestrogen – antifolate – antifungal medication – antigen – antigen-presenting cell – antigen-presenting cell vaccine – antiglobulin test – antihormone therapy – antimetabolite – antimicrotubule agent – antimitotic agent – antineoplastic – antineoplastic antibiotic – antioxidant – antiparasitic – antiretroviral therapy – antisense c-fos – antithymocyte globulin – antituberculosis – antitumor antibiotic – Antiviral drug – anxiolytic – APC – APC vaccine – APC8015 – apheresis – aplastic anemia – aplidine – apocrine gland – apolizumab – apoptosis – appendix – arctigenin – arctiin – arginine butyrate – aromatase inhibitor – arsenic trioxide – arteriogram – arteriography – asbestos – ascites – asparaginase – aspartate transaminase – aspergillosis – Aspergillus – asthenia – astrocyte – astrocytoma – asymptomatic – atamestane – ataxia – ataxia-telangiectasia – ataxic gait – atelectasis – athymic nude mouse – ATLL – ATP – atrasentan – atypical hyperplasia – ATRT atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor – augmerosen – autoclave-resistant factor – autoimmune disease – autologous – autologous bone marrow – autologous bone marrow transplantation – autologous lymphocyte – autologous stem cell transplantation – autologous tumor cell – Avastin – axilla – axillary artery – axillary bud – axillary dissection – axillary lymph node – axillary lymph node dissection – axillary nerve – axillary vein – azacitidine – azoxymethane – AZQ – AZT B cell – B lymphocyte – B3 antigen – B43-PAP immunotoxin – B7-1 – Bacillus Calmette Guérin – bacterial toxin – barium enema – barium solution – barium swallow – Barrett's esophagus – basal cell – basal cell carcinoma – basal cell nevus syndrome – basophil – batimastat – BAY 12-9566 – BAY 43-9006 – BAY 56-3722 – BAY 59-8862 – BB-10901 – BBBD – BBR 2778 – BBR 3464 – BCG – BCG solution – bcl-2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide G3139 – BCX-1777 – Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome – beclomethasone – Bellini duct carcinoma – bendamustine – benign – benign proliferative breast disease – benign prostatic hyperplasia – benign prostatic hypertrophy – benign tumor – benzaldehyde – benzoylphenylurea – benzydamine – Beriplast P – best practice – beta alethine – beta carotene – beta hemolytic streptococcus group B – beta-endorphin – beta-glucan – beta-human chorionic gonadotropin – bevacizumab – bexarotene – Bexxar regimen – BG00001 – BI-RADS – Biafine cream – BIBX 1382 – bicalutamide – bidi (oncology) – bilateral cancer – bilateral nephrectomy – bilateral prophylactic mastectomy – bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy – bile duct – biliary – bilirubin – binding agent – bioavailable – biochanin A – biochemical reactions – biological response modifier – biological therapy – biomarker – Biomed 101 – biopsy – biopsy specimen – biotherapy – Birt–Hogg–Dube syndrome – bispecific antibody – bispecific monoclonal antibody – bisphosphonate – bizelesin – BL22 immunotoxin – black cohosh – black snakeroot – blast – blast crisis – blast phase – bleomycin – blessed thistle – blinded study – blood cell count – blood chemistry study – blood thinner – blood transfusion – blood–brain barrier – blood–brain barrier disruption – BMS-182751 – BMS-184476 – BMS-188797 – BMS-214662 – BMS-247550 – BMS-275291 – BMS-354825 – Bolus (medicine) – bolus infusion – bone marrow – bone marrow ablation – bone marrow aspiration – bone marrow biopsy – bone marrow metastases – bone marrow transplantation – bone metastases – bone scan – bone-seeking radioisotope – Boron neutron capture therapy – boronophenylalanine-fructose complex – bortezomib – Bowen's disease – BPH – brachial plexopathy – brachial plexus – brachytherapy – brain metastasis – brainstem glioma – brain stem tumor – brain tumor – BRCA1 – BRCA2 – breakthrough pain – breast cancer in situ – breast density – breast duct endoscopy – Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System – breast implant – breast reconstruction – breast self-exam – breast-conserving surgery – breast-sparing surgery – Brief Pain Inventory – BRIP1 – brivudine – BRM – bromelain – bronchiole – bronchitis – bronchoscope – bronchoscopy – bronchus – brostallicin – broxuridine – bryostatin 1 – buccal mucosa – budesonide – bupropion – burdock – Burkitt's leukemia – Burkitt's lymphoma – burr hole – buserelin – buspirone – busulfan – buthionine sulfoximine C cell – c-erbB-2 – c-kit – CA 19-9 assay – CA-125 – CA-125 test – cachexia – calcitonin – calcitriol – CAM – Campath-1H – camptothecin – camptothecin analog – cancer – cancer induction – Cancer Information Service – cancer of unknown primary origin – Cancer stem cell – cancer vaccine – Cancer.gov – Candidiasis – Candidosis – CAP-1 – capecitabine – capsaicin – captopril – carbendazim – carbogen – carbon-11 acetate – carboplatin – carboxyamidotriazole – carboxypeptidase-G2 – carcinoembryonic antigen – carcinoembryonic antigen peptide-1 – carcinogen – carcinogenesis – carcinoid – carcinoid syndrome – carcinoma – carcinoma in situ – carcinomatosis – carcinosarcoma – carcinosis – carcinostatic – cardin (oncology) – carmustine – carnitine – carotenoid – carzelesin – case report – case series – case-control study – caspofungin acetate – Castleman's disease – CAT scan – catechol – cauterization – cauterize – cBR96-doxorubicin immunoconjugate – CC-1088 – CC-49 monoclonal antibody – CC-5013 – CC-8490 – CCI-779 – CD34 antigen – CD40-ligand – CEA – CEA assay – cecum – cefalexin – cefepime – cefixime – ceftriaxone – celecoxib – celiac disease – cell – cell differentiation – cell motility – cell proliferation – cell respiration – cell adhesion – cellular adoptive immunotherapy – cellular metabolism – cellulitis – central nervous system primitive neuroectodermal tumor – central venous access catheter – CEP-2563 dihydrochloride – CEP-701 – cephalosporin – ceramide – cerebellar hemangioblastoma – cerebellopontine – cerebral hemisphere – cerebrospinal fluid – cerebrospinal fluid diversion – cervical – cervical intraepithelial neoplasia – cervix – cetuximab – cevimeline – CGP 48664 – Chamberlain procedure – chemoembolization – chemoimmunotherapy – chemoprevention – chemoprevention studies – chemoprotective – chemoradiation – chemoradiotherapy – chemosensitivity – chemosensitivity assay – chemosensitizer – chemotherapeutic agent – chemotherapy – chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy – chest x-ray – chiasma – child-life worker – chitin – chlorambucil – chlorine – chloroma – chloroquinoxaline sulfonamide – cholangiocarcinoma – cholangiosarcoma – cholelith – cholestasis – chondrocyte – chondroitin sulfate – chondrosarcoma – chordoma – chorioallantoic membrane – choriocarcinoma – choroid plexus tumor – CHPP – chronic granulocytic leukemia – chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis – chronic leukemia – chronic lymphoblastic leukemia – chronic lymphocytic leukemia – chronic myelogenous leukemia – chronic myeloid leukemia – chronic myelomonocytic leukemia – chronic phase – chronic phase chronic myelogenous leukemia – CHS 828 – CI-1033 – CI-958 – CI-980 – CI-994 – ciclosporin – cidofovir – cilengitide – cimetidine – Cipro – ciprofloxacin – circulatory system – cirrhosis – CIS – cisplatin – citric acid/potassium-sodium citrate – cladribine – clarithromycin – clear cell adenocarcinoma – clear-cell sarcoma – clear cell sarcoma of the kidney – clinical breast exam – clinical resistance – clinical series – clinical study – clinical trial – CLL – clodronate – clofarabine – CML – CMML – CMV – cnicin – CNS – CNS metastasis – CNS prophylaxis – CNS sanctuary – CNS tumor – co-culture – co-trimoxazole – coactivated T cell – cobalt 60 – Cockayne syndrome – coenzyme Q10 – cohort study – COL-3 – cold nodule - Coley's toxins – collagen disease – collagenase – collecting duct – coloanal anastomosis – coloanal pull-through – Colorectal cancer (colon cancer) – colon polyp – colonoscope – colonoscopy – colony-stimulating factor – colorectal – colposcope – colposcopy – combination chemotherapy – combretastatin A4 phosphate – comedo carcinoma – common bile duct – comorbidity – compassionate use trial – complementary and alternative medicine – complete blood count (CBC) – complete hysterectomy – complete metastasectomy – complete remission – complete response – compound nevus – compression bandage – computed tomographic colonography – computed tomography – computed tomography colography – computerized axial tomography – computerized tomography – concurrent therapy – condylomata acuminata – cone biopsy – congestive heart failure – conization – consecutive case series – consolidation therapy – contiguous lymphoma – continent reservoir – contingency management – continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion – continuous infusion – contralateral – control animal – control group – controlled clinical trial – controlled study – conventional therapy – conventional treatment – cooperative group – CoQ10 – cordectomy – cordycepin – core biopsy – corticosteroid – Corynebacterium granulosum – coumestan – coumestrol – CP-358,774 – CP-609,754 – CP-724,714 – CP4071 – CpG 7909 – CPT 11 – CQS – craniopharyngioma – craniotomy – creatine – creatinine – cribriform – crisnatol mesylate – Crohn's disease – cryopreservation – cryosurgery – cryotherapy – cryptorchidism – CSF – CT scan – CT-2103 – CT-2106 – CT-2584 – CTC – cultured cell – cultured cell line – cumulative dose – curcumin – cutaneous breast cancer – cutaneous T-cell lymphoma – cyanogenic glucoside – cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitor – cyclophosphamide – cyclosporine – cyproheptadine – cyproterone acetate – cyst – cystectomy – cystosarcoma phyllodes – cystoscope – cystoscopy – cytarabine – cytochlor – cytogenetics – cytokine – cytology – cytomegalovirus – cytopenia – cytoplasm – cytotoxic – cytotoxic chemotherapy – cytotoxic T cell D-20761 – da-huang – dacarbazine – dacliximab – daclizumab – dactinomycin – daidzein – dalteparin – danazol – darbepoetin alfa – darkfield microscope – Data Safety and Monitoring Committee – daunorubicin – DCIS – de novo – death cap – debulking operation – decitabine – decortication – deferoxamine – defibrotide – degenerative disease – dehydroepiandrosterone – delayed-type hypersensitivity response – dendritic cell – dendritic cell vaccine – denileukin diftitox – dental implant – deoxycytidine – deoxyribonucleic acid – DepoFoam-encapsulated cytarabine – depsipeptide – dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans – dermatologist – dermis – DES – deslorelin – desmoid tumor – desmoplastic – desmoplastic melanoma – desmoplastic small round cell tumor – dexamethasone – dexmethylphenidate – dexrazoxane – dextroamphetamine-amphetamine – dextromethorphan acetic acid – DFMO – DHA-paclitaxel – DHEA – di-dgA-RFB4 monoclonal antibody – diagnosis – diagnostic mammogram – diagnostic procedures – diagnostic trial – diathermy – diaziquone – didanosine – DIEP flap – diethylstilbestrol – differentiation – difluoromethylornithine – digital mammography – digital photography – digital rectal examination – dihematoporphyrin ether – dimesna – dimethyl sulfoxide – dimethylxanthenone acetic acid – diphosphonate – dipyridamole – disease progression – disease-free survival – disease-specific survival – distal – distal pancreatectomy – distant cancer – distraction – disulfiram – DJ-927 – DNA – docetaxel – dock – dolasetron – dolastatin 10 – donepezil – dose – dose-dense chemotherapy – dose-dependent – dose-limiting – dose-rate – dosimetrist – double-blinded – double-contrast barium enema – doubling time – doxercalciferol – doxorubicin – doxycycline – DPPE – DRE – dronabinol – drug tolerance – dry orgasm – DTGM fusion protein – ductal carcinoma – ductal carcinoma in situ – ductal lavage – Dukes' classification – dumping syndrome – duodenitis – DX-52-1 – DX-8951f – dyscrasia – dysesthesia – dysgeusia – dysphagia – dysplasia – dysplastic nevi – dysplastic nevus – dyspnea E7070 – E7389 – EBV – ecchymosis – echocardiography – ecteinascidin 743 – ectocervical – edatrexate – edotecarin – edrecolomab – EF5 – efaproxiral – effector cell – efficacy – eflornithine – EGb761 – EGFR – EKB-569 – electroacupuncture – electrodesiccation – electrolarynx – electroporation therapy – eligibility criteria – embolism – embolization – embryoma – embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma – embryonal tumor – embryonic – EMD 121974 – emitefur – emodin – enalapril – encephalopathy – enchondroma – endocervical curettage – endocrine cancer – endocrine pancreas cell – endocrine therapy – endometrial – endometrial biopsy – endometrial disorder – endometrial hyperplasia – Endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia – endometriosis – endometrium – endorectal ultrasound – endoscope – endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography – endoscopic ultrasound – endoscopy – endostatin – endothelial cell – endothelin receptor antagonist – endothelin-1 protein receptor antagonists – eniluracil – enoxaparin – ENT – enterostomal therapist – enucleation – enveloped virus – eosinophil – eosinophilia – EP-2101 – ependymal tumor – ependymoma – epidemiology – epidermal growth factor receptor – epidermoid carcinoma – epigastric – epiglottis – epinephrine – epipodophyllotoxin – epirubicin – epithelial – epithelial carcinoma – epithelial ovarian cancer – epithelium – epitope – EPO906 – epoetin alfa – epoetin beta – epothilone – epothilone B – epothilone D – epratuzumab – Epstein-Barr virus – EPT – ER – ER+ – ER- – ERA-923 – erb-38 immunotoxin – ErbB1 – ERCP – erlotinib – ERT – ERUS – erythema – erythrocyte – erythrocyte sedimentation rate – erythrodysplasia – erythroid dysplasia – erythroleukemia – erythroleukoplakia – erythroplakia – erythropoietin – esophageal – esophagectomy – esophagitis – esophagoscopy – esophagram – esophagus – ESR – essential thrombocythemia – essential thrombocytosis – estradiol – estramustine – estramustine phosphate – estrogen – estrogen receptor – estrogen receptor negative – estrogen receptor positive – estrogen receptor test – estrogen replacement therapy – etanercept – etanidazole – ethynyluracil – etidronate – etiology – etoposide – etoposide phosphate – ETS – evaluable disease – evaluable patients – everolimus – Ewing's family of tumors – Ewing's sarcoma – exatecan mesylate – excision – excisional biopsy – exemestane – exisulind – exocrine pancreas cell – expanded access trial – extensive-stage small cell lung cancer – external radiation – external-beam radiation – extrahepatic – extrapleural pneumonectomy false-negative test result – false-positive test result – familial adenomatous polyposis – familial atypical multiple mole melanoma syndrome – familial cancer – familial dysplastic nevi – familial polyposis – Family history (medicine) – FAMMM syndrome – Fanconi anemia – Fanconi syndrome – FAP – fatty-replaced breast tissue – fazarabine – fecal occult blood test – fenretinide – fentanyl – fiber – fibrin sealant – fibroblast – fibroid – fibromatosis – fibrosarcoma – fibrosis – fibrous – fifth cranial nerve – filgrastim – filgrastim-SD/01 – finasteride – fine-needle aspiration – first-line therapy – FK463 – flavonoid – flavopiridol – flecainide – flow cytometry – floxuridine – flt3L – fluconazole – flucytosine – fludarabine – fludeoxyglucose F 18 – fludrocortisone – fluoropyrimidine – fluoroscope – fluoroscopy – fluorouracil – fluoxetine – flutamide – FOBT – folate – folate antagonist – FOLFOX – folic acid – follicular large cell lymphoma – follicular mixed cell lymphoma – follicular thyroid cancer – formaldehyde – FR901228 – fractionation – free radical – fulguration – fulvestrant – functional magnetic resonance imaging – fundus – fungating lesion – fusion protein G-CSF – gabapentin – Gail model – gallium nitrate – gallium scan – gamma irradiation – gamma knife – gamma ray – ganciclovir – ganglioside – gastrectomy – gastric atrophy – gastrinoma – gastroenterologist – gastroesophageal junction – gastroesophageal reflux disease – gastrointestinal – gastrointestinal stromal tumor – gastrointestinal tract – gastroscope – gastroscopy – gefitinib – geldanamycin analog – GEM 231 – gemcitabine – gemtuzumab ozogamicin – gene expression profiling – gene therapy – gene transfer – gene-modified – genetic analysis – genetic counseling – genetic deletion – genetic markers – genetic susceptibility – genetic testing – genistein – genitourinary system – genome – germ cell – germ cell tumor – German Commission E – germinoma – germline mutation – Gerota's capsule – Gerota's fascia – gestational trophoblastic disease – gestational trophoblastic neoplasia – gestational trophoblastic tumor – GI14721 – giant cell fibroblastoma – gimatecan – GIST – Gleason score – Gleevec – Gliadel Wafer – glial cell – glial tumor – glioblastoma – glioblastoma multiforme – glioma – gliosarcoma – glossectomy – glucagon – glucagonoma – glucocorticoid – gluconeogenesis – glufosfamide – glutamine – glutathione – glutathione S-transferase – glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase inhibitor – glycolysis – glycopeptide – glycoprotein – glycoprotein 100 – glycosaminoglycan – GM-CSF – GM2-KLH vaccine – GnRH – gonadotropin-releasing hormone – gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist – Gonzalez regimen – Gorlin syndrome – goserelin – gossypol – gp100 – gp209-2M – GPX-100 – grade IV astrocytoma – graft-versus-host disease – graft-versus-tumor – granisetron – granulocyte – granulocyte colony-stimulating factor – granulocytic sarcoma – granulocytopenia – granulosa cell tumor – GTI-2040 – GVHD – GW572016 – GW786034 – gynecologic – gynecologic cancer – gynecologic oncologist HAART – hairy cell leukemia – halofuginone hydrobromide – Halsted radical mastectomy – hamartoma – hand-foot syndrome – head and neck cancer – Hedyotis diffusa – HeLa – helical computed tomography – helper T cell – hemagglutinin-neuraminidase – hemangiopericytoma – hemangiosarcoma – hematogenous – hematologic malignancy – hematologist – hematopoiesis – hematopoietic growth factor – hematopoietic tissue – hematoporphyrin derivative – hemilaryngectomy – heparin – hepatectomy – hepatic – hepatic arterial infusion – hepatic artery – hepatic portal vein – hepatic veno-occlusive disease – hepatoblastoma – hepatocellular carcinoma – hepatocyte – hepatoma – hepatomegaly – HER1 – HER2/neu – HER2/neu gene – herba scutellaria barbatae – hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer syndrome – hereditary mutation – hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer – herpesvirus – heterogenic – hexyl 5-aminolevulinate – high-dose chemotherapy – high-dose-rate remote brachytherapy – high-dose-rate remote radiation therapy – high-energy photon therapy – high-grade lymphoma – high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion – high-risk cancer – highly active antiretroviral therapy – hilar – histamine dihydrochloride – histiocytic lymphoma – histologic examination – histology – histone – histone deacetylase – historic cohort study – historical control subject – HLA – HNPCC – Hodgkin's disease – Hodgkin's lymphoma – holmium Ho 166 DOTMP – homoharringtonine – hormonal therapy – hormone receptor – hormone receptor test – hormone replacement therapy – hormone responsive – hormone therapy – Horner's syndrome – host cell – hot nodule – HPPH – HPV – HRT – HTLV-1 – hu14.18-interleukin-2 fusion protein – Huang Lian – human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 – human leukocyte antigen – human lymphocyte antigen – human papillomavirus – human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 – Hürthle cell neoplasm – hydrazine sulfate – hydromorphone – hydronephrosis – hydroureter – hydroxychloroquine – hydroxyurea – hypercalcemia – hyperfractionation – hyperglycemia – hypericum perforatum – hypernephroma – hyperplasia – hypersensitivity – hyperthermia therapy – hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemoperfusion – hyperthermic perfusion – hyperthyroidism – hyperuricemia – hypervascular – hypoglycemia – hypopharynx – hypotension – hypothalamus – hypothesis – hypothyroidism – hypoxia – hypoxic – hysterectomy ibandronate – ICI 182,780 – ICI D1694 – idarubicin – IDEC-Y2B8 monoclonal antibody – idiopathic – idiopathic myelofibrosis – idoxifene – idoxuridine – ifosfamide – IH636 grape seed extract – IL-1 – IL-1-alfa – IL-11 – IL-12 – IL-2 – IL-3 – IL-4 – IL-6 – ileostomy – iloprost – ILX-295501 – ILX23-7553 – IM-862 – imaging procedure – imatinib mesylate – imipenem – imiquimod – immune adjuvant – immune function – immune response – immune system – immune system tolerance – immunoassay – immunocompetence – immunocompetent – immunocompromised – immunodeficiency – immunodeficiency syndrome – immunoglobulin – immunological adjuvant – immunology – immunomodulation – immunophenotyping – immunoscintigraphy – immunostimulant – immunosuppression – immunosuppressive – immunosuppressive therapy – immunotherapy – immunotoxin – in situ cancer – incisional biopsy – incomplete Freund's adjuvant – indinavir – indium In 111 ibritumomab tiuxetan – indium In 111 pentetreotide – indole-3-carbinol – indolent lymphoma – indometacin – induction therapy – infiltrating cancer – infiltrating ductal carcinoma – inflammatory breast cancer – infliximab – infrared coagulation – inguinal orchiectomy – inoperable – inositol – inositol hexaphosphate – instillation – Institutional Review Board – intensification therapy – Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy – intercalator – interferon – interleukin – interleukin-1 – interleukin-1-alpha – interleukin-11 – interleukin-12 – interleukin-2 – interleukin-3 – interleukin-4 – interleukin-4 PE38KDEL cytotoxin – interleukin-4 PE38KDEL immunotoxin – interleukin-6 – interleukin-7 – intermediate-grade lymphoma – internal radiation – interstitial radiation therapy – intestinal villi – intoplicine – intracarotid infusion – intracavitary – intracavitary radiation – intracellular – intracolonic – intracranial tumor – intradermal – intraductal carcinoma – intraepithelial – intrahepatic – intrahepatic bile ducts – intrahepatic infusion – intralesional – intraluminal intubation and dilation – Intramuscular injection (IM) – intraocular melanoma – intraoperative radiation therapy – intraperitoneal – intraperitoneal chemotherapy – Intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemoperfusion – intraperitoneal infusion – intraperitoneal radiation therapy – intrapleural – intrathecal – intrathecal chemotherapy – intratumoral, meaning within a tumour – intravenous pyelogram – intravenous pyelography – intraventricular infusion – intravesical – invasive cancer – invasive cervical cancer – inverted papilloma – investigational – inviable – iodine I 131 tositumomab – iododoxorubicin – ionomycin – IORT – Incontinentia pigmenti – IRB – irinotecan – irofulven – irradiated – irradiation – irreversible toxicity – iseganan hydrochloride – ISIS 2503 – ISIS 3521 – ISIS 5132 – islet cell – islet cell cancer – islet of Langerhans cell – isoflavone – isointense – isolated hepatic perfusion – isolated limb perfusion – isolated lung perfusion – isotretinoin – itraconazole – IU – IV – IVP – ixabepilone J-107088 – J-pouch coloanal anastomosis – jaundice – Jewett staging system – JM 216 – junctional nevus – Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia Kaposi's sarcoma – karenitecin – Karnofsky Performance Status – keloid – keratan sulfate – keratinocyte growth factor – keratoacanthoma – ketoconazole – ketorolac – keyhole limpet hemocyanin – KGF – killer cell – Kinaret – Klatskin tumor – Klebsiella – Klinefelter syndrome – KOS-862 – KPS – kretek – KRN5500 – KRN7000 – Krukenberg tumor – KW2189 L-377,202 – L-778,123 – L-carnitine (see Carnitine) – laboratory study – laboratory test – lacrimal gland – lactate dehydrogenase – lactic acid dehydrogenase – LAK cell – lamina propria – lamivudine – lamotrigine – laparoscope – laparoscopic prostatectomy – laparoscopic-assisted colectomy – laparoscopy – laparotomy – lappa – large cell carcinoma – large granular lymphocyte – laryngectomy – laser surgery – laser therapy – LCIS – LDH – lectin – leflunomide – leiomyoma – leiomyosarcoma – lentinan – lepirudin – leptomeningeal – leptomeningeal cancer – leptomeningeal metastases – leridistim – lerisetron – Leser-Trélat – letrozole – leucovorin – leukapheresis – leukemia – leukocyte – leukopenia – leukoplakia – leuprolide – leuvectin – levamisole – levocarnitine – levofloxacin – LGD1069 – LH-RH – Lhermitte's sign – Li-Fraumeni syndrome – liarozole – ligation – light-emitting diode therapy – lignan – limb perfusion – limited-stage small cell lung cancer – linac – liothyronine sodium – lipophilic – liposarcoma – liposomal – lisofylline – Hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer) – liver metastases – liver scan – LMB-1 immunotoxin – LMB-2 immunotoxin – LMB-7 immunotoxin – LMB-9 immunotoxin – lobaplatin – lobectomy – lobradimil – lobular carcinoma in situ – lobule – local cancer – local therapy – localized gallbladder cancer – locally advanced cancer – lometrexol – lomustine – lonafarnib – loop electrosurgical excision procedure – loop excision – loperamide hydrochloride – losoxantrone – low-grade lymphoma – lower GI series – LU 79553 – LU-103793 – lubricant – lumbar puncture – lumpectomy – lung metastases – lurtotecan – luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone – luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist – lutetium texaphyrin – LY231514 – LY293111 – LY317615 – LY335979 – LY353381 hydrochloride – lycopene – lymph gland – lymph node – lymph node dissection – lymph node drainage – lymph node mapping – lymph vessel – lymphadenectomy – lymphadenopathy – lymphangiogram – lymphangiography – lymphangiosarcoma – lymphatic fluid – lymphatic mapping – lymphatic system – lymphatic vessel – lymphedema – lymphoblast – lymphocyte – lymphocytic – lymphocytic leukemia – lymphoepithelioma – lymphography – lymphoid – lymphokine-activated killer cell – lymphoma – lymphomatoid granulomatosis – lymphoproliferative disorder – lymphosarcoma – lymphoscintigraphy – Lynch syndrome – lysis – lysosome – lytic – lytic lesion M protein – macroglobulinemia – macrophage – mafosfamide – MAGE-3 – magnetic resonance imaging – magnetic resonance perfusion imaging – magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging – magnetic-targeted carrier – maintenance therapy – malabsorption syndrome – malignancy – malignant – malignant ascites – malignant fibrous cytoma – malignant fibrous histiocytoma – malignant meningioma – malignant mesothelioma – malignant mixed Müllerian tumor – malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor – malondialdehyde – MALT lymphoma – mammary – mammogram – mammography – Mammotome – mantle field – marimastat – mast cell – mastectomy – mastocytoma – matrix metalloproteinase – MDL 101,731 – MDX-060 – mean survival time – measurable disease – mechlorethamine – MEDI-507 – medial supraclavicular lymph node – median survival time – mediastinal pleura – mediastinoscopy – mediastinum – medical castration – medical oncologist – medroxyprogesterone – medullary breast carcinoma – medullary thyroid cancer – medulloblastoma – mega-voltage linear accelerator – megestrol – meiosis – melanocyte – melanoma – melanoma vaccine – melphalan – MEN-10755 – MEN1 syndrome – meningeal – meningeal metastases – meningioma – menopausal hormone therapy – mercaptopurine – mercury – Merkel cell cancer – mesenchymal – mesenteric membrane – mesna – mesonephroma – mesothelioma – metaplasia – metaplastic carcinoma – metastasectomy – metastasis – metastasize – metastatic – metastatic cancer – metasynchronous – meteorism – methotrexate – methoxsalen – Methoxy polyethylene glycol-epoetin beta – methyl-5-aminolevulinate – methylphenidate – methylprednisolone – metoclopramide – metronidazole – metronomic therapy – Mexican valerian – MG98 – microcalcification – micrometastases – micromolar – microsatellite – microsatellite instability – microstaging – microwave therapy – microwave thermotherapy – mifepristone – Miraluma test – misoprostol – mistletoe lectin – mitochondria – mitolactol – mitomycin – mitosis – mitotane – mitotic activity – mitotic index – mitotic inhibitor – mitoxantrone – mivobulin isethionate – mixed glioma – MLN2704 – modafinil – modality – modified radical mastectomy – Mohs surgery – molar pregnancy – molecular risk assessment – molecularly targeted therapy – monoclonal antibody – monoclonal antibody 3F8 – monocyte – Montanide ISA-51 – Morinda citrifolia – morphology – motexafin gadolinium – moxifloxacin – MPNST – MRI – MRSI – MS 209 – MS-275 – mucinous carcinoma – mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma – muJ591 monoclonal antibody – Müllerian tumor – multicenter study – multicentric breast cancer – multidrug resistance – multidrug resistance inhibition – multifocal breast cancer – multimodality treatment – multiple endocrine adenomatosis – multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome – multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 syndrome – multiple myeloma – multiple sclerosis – multiplicity – muromonab-CD3 monoclonal antibody – musculoskeletal – mycophenolate mofetil – mycosis fungoides – mycostatin – myelin – myeloablation – myelodysplasia – myelodysplastic syndrome – myelofibrosis – myelogenous – myelogram – myeloid – myeloma – myeloproliferative disorder – myelosclerosis with myeloid metaplasia – myelosuppression – myelosuppressive therapy – myometrium N-acetylcysteine – N-acetyldinaline – N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine – naloxone – National Cancer Institute – National Institutes of Health – natural killer cell – NB1011 – NBI-3001 – NCI – nebulizer – neck dissection – needle biopsy – needle-localized biopsy – negative axillary lymph node – negative test result – nelarabine – nelfinavir mesylate – neoadjuvant therapy – neoplasia – neoplasm – nephrotomogram – nephrotoxic – nephroureterectomy – nerve block – nerve grafting – nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy – nerve-sparing surgery – neuro-oncologist – neurobehavioral – neuroblastoma – neuroectodermal tumor – neuroendocrine – neuroendocrine tumor – neuroepithelial – neurofibroma – neurofibromatosis type I – neurofibromatosis type 2 – neuroma – neuron – neuropathologist – neuropathy – neuropeptide – neuroradiologist – neurotoxicity – neurotoxin – neurotropism – neutropenia – neutrophil – nevus – NF1 – NG-monomethyl-L-arginine – niacinamide – nicotinamide – NIH – nilutamide – nimodipine – nipple discharge – nitrocamptothecin – nitrosourea – NK cell – NMRI – node-negative – node-positive – nodular parenchyma – nolatrexed – non-Hodgkin's lymphoma – non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) – nonconsecutive case series – noncontiguous lymphoma – nonhematologic cancer – noni – nonlytic – nonmalignant – nonmalignant hematologic disorder – nonmelanoma skin cancer – nonmelanomatous – nonmetastatic – nonopioid – nonprescription – nonrandomized clinical trial – nonseminoma – nonspecific immune cell – nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug – nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor – novobiocin – NPO – NR-LU-10 antigen – NSAID – nuclear magnetic resonance imaging – nuclear medicine scan – nutraceutical – nystatin O(6)-benzylguanine – oat cell cancer – objective improvement – objective response – oblimersen – obtundation – occult stage non-small cell lung cancer – octreotide – ocular melanoma – ofloxacin – OGX-011 – oblimersen – oligoastrocytoma – oligodendroglial tumor – oligodendroglioma – oltipraz – omega-3 fatty acid – omentectomy – omentum – omeprazole – Ommaya reservoir – oncogene – oncologist – oncology – oncology nurse – oncology pharmacy specialist – oncolysate – oncolysis – oncolytic – Oncolytic virus – Onconase – ondansetron – ONYX-015 – oophorectomy – open biopsy – open colectomy – open label study – opioid – opportunistic infection – oral and maxillofacial surgeon – orchidectomy – orchiectomy – oropharynx – OSI-7904L – osmolality – osteitis deformans – osteogenic sarcoma – osteolytic – osteoporosis – osteosarcoma – ostomy – ovarian ablation – ovarian epithelial cancer – ovarian suppression – Overall Survival (OS) – overexpress – overgrowth syndrome – oxaliplatin – oxandrolone – OXi-104 – oxidative metabolism – oxidative stress P-32 – p-value – p53 gene – Pacific valerian – paclitaxel – Paget's disease of bone – Paget's disease of the nipple – PALA – palatine uvula – palliative care – palliative therapy – Palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia – pamidronate – Pancoast's tumor – pancreatectomy – pancreatic cancer – pancreatic duct – pancreatic enzyme – pancreatic juice – pancreatitis – PAP, same as Pap smear – Pap smear – Pap test, same as Pap smear – papillary serous carcinoma – papillary thyroid cancer – papillary tumor – papilledema – paracentesis – parageusia – paramyxovirus – paraneoplastic syndrome – parathyroid gland – parathyroid hormone – parenchyma – paresthesias – paricalcitol – parietal pericardium – Parkinson's disease – parotidectomy – paroxetine hydrochloride – partial cystectomy – partial laryngectomy – partial mastectomy – partial nephrectomy – partial oophorectomy – partial remission – partial response – passive antibody therapy – Paterson-Kelly syndrome – pathological staging – patient-controlled analgesia - Patient derived tumor xenografts – PCA – PDQ – peau d'orange – PEG-interferon alfa-2a – PEG-interferon alfa-2b – PEG-MGDF – pegaspargase – pegfilgrastim – PEITC – peldesine – pelvic exenteration – pelvic lymphadenectomy – pemetrexed disodium – penclomedine – penicillamine – pentetic acid calcium – pentosan polysulfate – pentostatin – pentoxifylline – peptide – peptide 946 – percutaneous ethanol injection – percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage – percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage – percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography – perfusion – perfusion magnetic resonance imaging – pericardial effusion – perifosine – perineal colostomy – perineal prostatectomy – peripheral blood lymphocyte therapy – peripheral neuropathy – peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor – peripheral stem cell – peripheral stem cell support – peripheral stem cell transplantation – peristalsis – peritoneal cancer – peritoneal infusion – peritoneal perfusion – pernicious anemia – pertuzumab – PET scan – petechiae – Peutz-Jeghers syndrome – phagocyte – pharmacokinetics – phase I trial – phase I/II trial – phase II trial – phase II/III trial – phase III trial – phase IV trial – phenethyl isothiocyanate – phenoxodiol – phenylacetate – phenylbutyrate – pheochromocytoma – pheresis – Philadelphia chromosome – photodynamic therapy – photothermal therapy – photofrin – photopheresis – phyllodes tumor – Physician Data Query – phytic acid – phytoestrogen – phytosterol – PI-88 – pilocarpine – pilocytic – pineal region tumor – pineoblastoma – pineocytoma – piperacillin-tazobactam – pirfenidone – piritrexim – pixantrone – PJS – PKC412 – plasmacytic – plasmacytoma – plasmapheresis – Plenaxis – pleomorphic – pleural effusion – pleurodesis – plexiform neurofibroma – plexopathy – ploidy – Plummer-Vinson syndrome – pluripotent – pluripotent stem cell – pM-81 monoclonal antibody – PNET – pneumonectomy – PNU 166148 – PNU-93914 – polifeprosan 20 carmustine implant – poly-ICLC – polyglutamate camptothecin – polyglutamate paclitaxel – polymerase chain reaction – polymorphism – polyneuritis – polyp – polypectomy – polyphenol – Polyphenon E – polyposis – pons – pontine – porfimer sodium – porfiromycin – port-a-cath – positive axillary lymph node – positive test result – positron emission tomography scan – postremission therapy – PR+ – PR- – precancerous – precancerous dermatitis – precancerous dermatosis – precancerous polyps – predictive factor – prednisolone – prednisone – preleukemia – premalignant – pretracheal space – prevascular space – preventive mastectomy – primary central nervous system lymphoma – primary endpoint – primary myelofibrosis – primary peritoneal cancer – primary tumor – primitive neuroectodermal tumor – prinomastat – pro-oxidant – probenecid – procarbazine – prochlorperazine – proctoscopy – proctosigmoidoscopy – progesterone receptor negative – progesterone receptor positive – progesterone receptor test – progression-free survival (PFS) – progressive disease – proliferative index – prolymphocytic leukemia – promegapoietin – promyelocytic leukemia – prophylactic cranial irradiation – prophylactic mastectomy – prophylactic oophorectomy – prophylactic surgery – prophylaxis – prospective cohort study – Prost 30 monoclonal antibody – prostate-specific antigen – prostate-specific antigen test – prostatectomy – prostatic acid phosphatase – prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia – prostatitis – protease inhibitor – protein kinase C – proteoglycan – proteomic profile – proteomics – proton beam radiation therapy – proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging – PS-341 – PSA – psammoma body – PSC 833 – pseudomyxoma peritonei – psoralen – PTC – PTCD – PTK787/ZK 222584 – ptosis – pulmonary sulcus tumor – PV701 – pyrazine diazohydroxide – pyrazoloacridine – pyroxamide Q10 – QS21 – quadrantectomy R-flurbiprofen – r-tPA – R101933 – R115777 – radiation fibrosis – radiation oncologist – radiation physicist – radiation surgery – radiation therapist – radiation therapy – radical cystectomy – radical lymph node dissection – radical mastectomy – radical perineal prostatectomy – radical prostatectomy – radical retropubic prostatectomy – radioactive drug – radioactive iodine – radioactive palladium – radioactive seed – radiofrequency ablation – radiographer – radioimmunoguided surgery – radioimmunotherapy – radioisotope – radiolabeled – radiologic exam – radionuclide scanning – radiopharmaceutical – radiosensitization – radiosensitizer – radiosurgery – radiotherapy – raloxifene – raltitrexed – randomized clinical trial – ranpirnase – rapamycin – rapid hormone cycling – rapid-onset opioid – ras gene – rasburicase – rattlesnake root – ravuconazole – rebeccamycin – recombinant tissue plasminogen activator – reconstructive surgeon – reconstructive surgery – recurrent cancer – Red blood cell – Reed–Sternberg cell – reflux – refractory cancer – regional cancer – regional chemotherapy – regional enteritis – regional lymph node – regional lymph node dissection – rehabilitation specialist – relative survival rate – relaxation technique – remission induction therapy – remote brachytherapy – renal cell cancer – renal collecting tubule – renal glomerulus – renal tubular acidosis – retinoblastoma – retinoid – retinol – retinyl palmitate – retroperitoneal – retropubic prostatectomy – retrospective cohort study – retrospective study – retroviral vector – retrovirus – RevM10 gene – rhabdoid tumor – rhabdomyosarcoma – rhizoxin – ribavirin – ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor – rifampin – risedronate – ritonavir – rituximab – RK-0202 – RMP-7 – RNA – Ro 31-7453 – Ro 50-3821 – rofecoxib – rosiglitazone – RPI.4610 – RPR 109881A – RSR13 – RSV S-1 – S-phase fraction – safingol – salpingo-oophorectomy – salvage therapy – samarium 153 – saponin – saquinavir mesylate – sarCNU – sarcoma – sarcosinamide nitrosourea – sargramostim – satraplatin – SC-70935 – SCH 54031 – SCH 66336 – SCH-58500 – Schiller test – Schwann cell – schwannoma – scintimammography – scleroderma – screening mammogram – \"Scutellaria barbata\" – SDX-102 – SDX-105 – second primary cancer – second-line therapy – second-look surgery – secondary cancer – sedoxantrone trihydrochloride – segmental cystectomy – segmental mastectomy – selective estrogen receptor modulator – selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor – sella turcica – semaxanib – seminal vesicle biopsy – seminoma – semiparasitic – semustine – senile keratosis – sentinel lymph node – sentinel lymph node biopsy – sentinel lymph node mapping – seocalcitol – SERM – serotonin – sertraline – serum albumin – serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase – Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase – serum tumor marker test – sesquiterpene lactone – sestamibi breast imaging – severe myelosuppression – Sézary syndrome – SGN-00101 – SGN-15 – SGOT – SGPT – sham therapy – shave biopsy – Sho-saiko-to – sialic acid – sialyl Tn-KLH – side-to-end coloanal anastomosis – sideropenic dysphagia – sigmoidoscope – sigmoidoscopy – signal transduction inhibitor – signet ring cell carcinoma – SIL – sildenafil – Silybum marianum – silymarin – simple mastectomy – simple nephrectomy – single blind study – single-photon emission computed tomography – siplizumab – sirolimus – small cell lung cancer – small intestine – smoldering leukemia – smoldering myeloma – SMT-487 – SnET2 – SNX 111 – soblidotin – sodium borocaptate – sodium salicylate – sodium sulfite – sodium thiosulfate – soft tissue sarcoma – solar keratosis – solid tumor – somatic cell – somatic mutation – somnolence syndrome – sonogram – sorivudine – specific immune cell – SPECT – SPF – spiculated mass – spindle cell cancer – spindle cell sarcoma – spiral CT scan – splenomegaly – sputum cytology – squalamine lactate – squamous cell – squamous cell carcinoma – squamous intraepithelial lesion – SR-29142 – SR-45023A – SR49059 – SSRI – staging – staurosporine – stavudine – stellate – stem cell – stem cell factor – stem cell transplantation – stent – stereotactic biopsy – stereotactic body radiation therapy – stereotactic external-beam radiation – stereotactic injection – stereotactic radiation therapy – stereotactic radiosurgery – stereotaxic radiosurgery – stereotaxis – steroid therapy – STI481 – STI571 – stoma – stomatitis – streptavidin – streptozocin – Stromagen – stromal tumor – strontium-89 – Sturge-Weber syndrome – SU011248 – SU101 – SU5416 – SU6668 – subcutaneous port – subependymal – suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid – subglottis – subset analysis – subtenon – sucralfate – sulfonamide – sulindac – superior vena cava – superior vena cava syndrome – supraclavicular lymph node – supraglottic laryngectomy – supraglottis – supratentorial – suramin – surgical oncologist – survival rate – symptom management – syncytium – syngeneic bone marrow transplantation – syngeneic stem cell transplantation – synovial membrane – synovial sarcoma – synthetic protegrin analog – synthetic retinoid – systemic chemotherapy – systemic disease – systemic lupus erythematosus – systemic therapy T cell – T-3 – T-cell depletion – T-cell lymphoma – T138067 – T4N5 liposomal lotion – T900607 – TAC-101 – tacrolimus – TAG-72 antigen – talampanel – talaporfin sodium – tamoxifen – tariquidar – taurolidine – taxane – technetium tc 99m dextran – technetium tc 99m sulfur colloid – tegafur – teicoplanin – telangiectasia – temoporfin – temozolomide – teniposide – TENS – teratoma – terminal disease – tetanus toxoid – tetrahydrouridine – TG4010 – theophylline – thermal ablation – thermography – thiotepa – third-line therapy – thoracentesis – thoracoscopy – thoracotomy – thrombocyte – thrombocytopenia – thrombohemorrhagic event – thrombophlebitis – thrombopoietin – thymidine – thymidylate synthase inhibitor – thymoma – Thyrogen – thyroglobulin – thyroid follicular cell – thyroid hormone – thyroid-stimulating hormone – thyroidectomy – thyrotropin alfa – tiazofurin – time to progression – tin ethyl etiopurpurin – tin Sn 117m DTPA – tinidazole – tioguanine – tipifarnib – tirapazamine – tissue plasminogen activator – TLK286 – TM – TNF – TNFerade – TNM staging system – TNP-470 – tocladesine – tomography – topical chemotherapy – topoisomerase inhibitor – topotecan – toremifene – tositumomab – total androgen blockade – total estrogen blockade – total nodal irradiation – total parenteral nutrition – total-body irradiation – TP-38 immunotoxin – tPA – TPA – trabecular cancer – transabdominal ultrasound – transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation – transdermal – transferrin-CRM107 – transitional cell – transitional cell carcinoma – transperineal biopsy – transrectal biopsy – transrectal ultrasound – transurethral biopsy – transurethral needle ablation – transurethral resection – transurethral resection of the prostate – transvaginal ultrasound – trastuzumab – Traumeel S – treosulfan – tretinoin – triacetyluridine – triamcinolone – Triapine – tributyrin – trichothiodystrophy – triiodothyronine – trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole – trimetrexate glucuronate – triptorelin – troglitazone – tropisetron – troxacitabine – TRUS – tuberous sclerosis – tubulovillous adenoma – tumor – tumor antigen vaccine – tumor board review – tumor burden – tumor debulking – tumor infiltrating lymphocyte – tumor load – tumor marker – tumor model – tumor necrosis factor – tumor suppressor gene – tumor-derived – tumor-specific antigen – TUR – TURP – TVS – tympanites – Type I and type II errors – tyrosinase peptide – tyrosine kinase inhibitor – TZT-1027 ubiquinone – UCN-01 – UGT1A1 – ultrasonogram – ultrasonography – ultrasound-guided biopsy—see ultrasound and biopsy – ultraviolet radiation therapy—see ultraviolet radiation and radiation therapy – uncontrolled study—see clinical trial – unconventional cancer treatments—see experimental cancer treatment – undifferentiated—see cellular differentiation – unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy—see oophorectomy – unresectable—see resection – unresectable gallbladder cancer—see gallbladder cancer – unsealed internal radiation therapy—see radiation therapy – upper GI series – urachus – uracil – urea nitrogen—see blood urea nitrogen – ureteroscopy – urine cytology—see urine – urokinase – urologic oncologist—see urology and oncologist – urothelium – ursodiol – UV radiation – UVA radiation – UVB radiation – uvula vaccine adjuvant – vaccine therapy – vaccinia CEA vaccine – valacyclovir – valdecoxib – valerian – Valeriana officinalis – Valerianae radix – valganciclovir – valproic acid – vancomycin – vapreotide – varicose vein – vascular endothelial growth factor – VEGF – VEGF Trap – venlafaxine – video-assisted resection – video-assisted surgery – villous adenoma – villus – vinblastine – vinca alkaloid – vincristine – vindesine – vinorelbine – viral vector – virotherapy – virtual colonoscopy – Virulizin – virus replication cycle – virus-neutralizing antibody – viscotoxin – visilizumab – visual pathway glioma – VNP20009 – VNP40101M – von Hippel-Lindau disease – voriconazole – vorozole – vulvar cancer – VX 853 – VX-710 Waldenström macroglobulinemia – warfarin – wedge resection – Wermer's syndrome – Whipple procedure – white blood cell – Whitmore-Jewett staging system – whole cell vaccine – Wilms' tumor – Wobe-Mugos E x-ray – x-ray therapy – xenograft – xeroderma pigmentosum – xerogram – xerostomia – XK469 – XR9576 YM598 – yttrium Y 90 ibritumomab tiuxetan – yttrium Y 90 SMT 487 – yttrium Y 90-DOTA-tyr3-octreotide ZD 1839 – ZD0473 – ZD6474 – ziconotide – zidovudine – zileuton – zoledronate – Zollinger-Ellison syndrome – Zoloft – zolpidem – zosuquidar trihydrochloride", "Lymph node stromal cell __knowledge__ Lymph node stromal cells are essential to the structure and function of the lymph node.", "Lymph node stromal cell __knowledge__ There are a number of different types of lymph node stromal cells which have a number of functions including: creating a tissue scaffold within lymph nodes for the support of hematopoietic cells; the release of small molecules that are chemical messengers that facilitate interactions between hematopoietic cells; the facilitation of the migration of hematopoietic cells; the presentation of antigens to immune cells at the initiation of the adaptive immune system; and the homeostasis of lymphocyte numbers.", "Lymph node stromal cell __knowledge__ Stromal cells originate from multipotent mesenchymal stem cells.", "Lymphatic system __knowledge__ The lymphatic system is part of the circulatory system and an important part of the immune system, comprising a network of lymphatic vessels that carry a clear fluid called lymph (from Latin, \"lympha\" meaning \"water\") directionally towards the heart.", "Lymphatic system __knowledge__ The lymphatic system was first described in the seventeenth century independently by Olaus Rudbeck and Thomas Bartholin.", "Lymphatic system __knowledge__ Unlike the circulatory system, the lymphatic system is not a closed system.", "Lymphatic system __knowledge__ The human circulatory system processes an average of 20 liters of blood per day through capillary filtration, which removes plasma while leaving the blood cells.", "Lymphadenectomy __knowledge__ Lymphadenectomy or lymph node dissection is the surgical removal of one or more groups of lymph nodes.", "Lymphadenectomy __knowledge__ It is almost always performed as part of the surgical management of cancer.", "Lymphadenectomy __knowledge__ In a regional lymph node dissection, some of the lymph nodes in the tumor area are removed; in a radical lymph node dissection, most or all of the lymph nodes in the tumor area are removed.", "Lymphadenectomy __knowledge__ It is usually done because many types of cancer have a marked tendency to produce lymph node metastasis early in their natural history.", "Lymphadenectomy __knowledge__ This is particularly true of melanoma, head and neck cancer, differentiated thyroid cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer and colorectal cancer.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ This is a list of episodes for \"Deadliest Warrior\".", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ \"Deadliest Warrior\" premiered on April 7, 2009 at 10 pm ET.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Nine one-hour episodes of the show were produced for Season 1.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Season 1 was released on DVD and Blu-ray on May 11, 2010.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Apache team: Alan Tafoya (World Champion Knife Fighter), Snake Blocker (U.S. Army Combat Instructor) Apache weapons: Tomahawk, Knife, Bow & Arrow, War Club Apache armor: Rawhide Shield Apache statistics: \"Height:\" 5 feet, 7 inches \"Weight:\" 140 lbs \"Gear Weight:\" 10 pounds Gladiator team: Chris Torres (Ancient Weapons Specialist), Steven Dietrich (Gladiator Combat Instructor), Chuck Liddell (The Iceman) Gladiator weapons: Cestus, Scissor, Trident & Net, Sling, Sica Gladiator armor: Murmillo Helmet, Wooden Shield Gladiator statistics: \"Height:\" 5 feet, 8 inches \"Weight\": 185 lbs \"Gear Weight\": Ranges from 10 lbs to 38 lbs Reenactment 1 The Apache is seen walking in a grassy field.", "Health effects of tobacco __knowledge__ Tobacco use has predominantly negative effects on human health and concern about health effects of tobacco has a long history.", "Health effects of tobacco __knowledge__ Research has focused primarily on cigarette tobacco smoking.", "Health effects of tobacco __knowledge__ In 1950, Richard Doll published research in the \"British Medical Journal\" showing a close link between smoking and lung cancer.", "Health effects of tobacco __knowledge__ Four years later, in 1954, the British Doctors Study, a study of some 40,000 doctors over 20 years, confirmed the suggestion, based on which the government issued advice that smoking and lung cancer rates were related.", "Health effects of tobacco __knowledge__ Tobacco smoke contains more than fifty chemicals that cause cancer.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ This is a list of episodes of the British television programme \"Sugar Rush\", broadcast by Channel 4 from 2005 to 2006.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ There have been 2 series of the programme, the first airing in 2005 and the second in 2006.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ Each series consists of ten episodes, each 30 minutes long, including adverts.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ Episodes do not have individual titles.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ The first series consists of ten episodes and follows a 15-year-old Kim's unrequited crush on Sugar.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ The first episode starts with Kim and Sugar on the waltzers on Brighton Pier.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ Slowly, Sugar moves in to kiss Kim.", "List of Sugar Rush episodes __knowledge__ The scene then suddenly moves to Kim in bed, under a duvet with her eyes closed, and the sound of whirring.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the British television and radio sketch show \"Little Britain\" (and its American spin-off, \"Little Britain USA\").", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played By: David Walliams Appearances: Season 3 Alan works for the Donkey Hospice in the town of Achingballs.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ After contributors give him some money, he blatantly places stickers on embarrassing body parts, such as the genital region or breasts and on someone's rear in a deleted scene.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ He makes one appearance in Series 3.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played by: David Walliams Episodes: Radio Show; Season 1, episodes 4 and 5 Catchphrase: \"I love you Anne\" and \"I need you Anne\" Peter Andre is a royal BBC correspondent who gets sacked after first making surreal and false claims about the Royal Family (such as Prince Charles having magical powers, describing The Queen as \"The Main One\" and mistaking Princess Eugenie for her mother, Sarah, Duchess of York) and then expressing his love for Princess Anne through song.", "Smoked salmon __knowledge__ Smoked salmon is a preparation of salmon, typically a fillet that has been cured and hot or cold smoked.", "Smoked salmon __knowledge__ Due to its moderately high price, smoked salmon is considered a delicacy.", "Smoked salmon __knowledge__ Although the term lox is sometimes applied to smoked salmon, they are different products.", "Smoked salmon __knowledge__ Smoked salmon is a popular ingredient in canapés, often combined with cream cheese and lemon juice.", "Smoked salmon __knowledge__ In North America, smoked salmon is likely to be sliced very thinly and served on bread with cream cheese or with sliced red onion, lemon and capers.", "Smoked salmon __knowledge__ In Pacific Northwest cuisine of the United States and Canada, smoked salmon may also be fillets or nuggets, including hickory or alder-smoked varieties and candied salmon (smoked and honey, or sugar-glazed, also known as \"Indian candy\").", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ Salut D'Amour (; lit.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ Love Greeting), despite its French name, is a South Korean television series that aired on KBS2 from November 1, 1994 to April 25, 1995 for a total of twenty five episodes.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ The theme of \"Salut D'Amour\", unlike later versions, are not interconnected to one another by episode.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ Each episode contains a separate but closely related theme.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ The Episode starts with a documentary show on Korea during the war, Korea during the year he was born in (1975)-riots and crowded streets in South Korea.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ The narrator talked about the population census taken on September 18, 1995.", "Salut D'Amour (TV series) __knowledge__ The population stood at 37,680,000 male and female sex ratio (1740:1124, males to females), as well as family events in 1982.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cancer __knowledge__ Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.", "Cancer __knowledge__ These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread to other parts of the body.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Possible signs and symptoms include a lump, abnormal bleeding, prolonged cough, unexplained weight loss, and a change in bowel movements.", "Cancer __knowledge__ While these symptoms may indicate cancer, they may have other causes.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Over 100 types of cancers affect humans.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Tobacco use is the cause of about 22% of cancer deaths.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Another 10% are due to obesity, poor diet, lack of physical activity, and excessive drinking of alcohol.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Other factors include certain infections, exposure to ionizing radiation and environmental pollutants.", "Cancer __knowledge__ In the developing world nearly 20% of cancers are due to infections such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human papillomavirus infection.", "Cancer __knowledge__ These factors act, at least partly, by changing the genes of a cell.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Typically many genetic changes are required before cancer develops.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Approximately 5–10% of cancers are due to inherited genetic defects from a person's parents.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Cancer can be detected by certain signs and symptoms or screening tests.", "Cancer __knowledge__ It is then typically further investigated by medical imaging and confirmed by biopsy.", "Melanoma __knowledge__ Melanoma, also known as malignant melanoma, is a type of cancer that develops from the pigment-containing cells known as melanocytes.", "Melanoma __knowledge__ Melanomas typically occur in the skin, but may rarely occur in the mouth, intestines, or eye.", "Melanoma __knowledge__ In women, they most commonly occur on the legs, while in men they are most common on the back.", "Melanoma __knowledge__ Sometimes they develop from a mole with concerning changes including an increase in size, irregular edges, change in color, itchiness, or skin breakdown.", "Melanoma __knowledge__ The primary cause of melanoma is ultraviolet light (UV) exposure in those with low levels of skin pigment.", "Melanoma __knowledge__ The UV light may be from either the sun or from other sources, such as tanning devices.", "Julian Schwinger __knowledge__ Julian Seymour Schwinger (; February 12, 1918 – July 16, 1994) was a Nobel Prize winning American theoretical physicist.", "Julian Schwinger __knowledge__ He is best known for his work on the theory of quantum electrodynamics (QED), in particular for developing a relativistically invariant perturbation theory, and for renormalizing QED to one loop order.", "Julian Schwinger __knowledge__ Schwinger was a physics professor at several universities.", "Julian Schwinger __knowledge__ Schwinger is recognized as one of the greatest physicists of the twentieth century, responsible for much of modern quantum field theory, including a variational approach, and the equations of motion for quantum fields.", "Julian Schwinger __knowledge__ He developed the first electroweak model, and the first example of confinement in 1+1 dimensions.", "Lippmann–Schwinger equation __knowledge__ The Lippmann–Schwinger equation (named after Bernard Lippmann and Julian Schwinger) is one of the most used equations to describe particle collisions – or, more precisely, scattering – in quantum mechanics.", "Lippmann–Schwinger equation __knowledge__ It may be used in scattering of molecules, atoms, neutrons, photons or any other particles and is important mainly in atomic, molecular, and optical physics, nuclear physics and particle physics, but also for seismic scattering problems in geophysics.", "Lippmann–Schwinger equation __knowledge__ It relates the scattered wave function with the interaction that produces the scattering (the scattering potential) and therefore allows calculation of the relevant experimental parameters (scattering amplitude and cross sections).", "Richard Feynman __knowledge__ Richard Phillips Feynman (; May 11, 1918 – February 15, 1988) was an American theoretical physicist known for his work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics, and the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, as well as in particle physics for which he proposed the parton model.", "Richard Feynman __knowledge__ For his contributions to the development of quantum electrodynamics, Feynman, jointly with Julian Schwinger and Shin'ichirō Tomonaga, received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965.", "Richard Feynman __knowledge__ Feynman developed a widely used pictorial representation scheme for the mathematical expressions governing the behavior of subatomic particles, which later became known as Feynman diagrams.", "Paul Dirac __knowledge__ Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac (; 8 August 1902 – 20 October 1984) was an English theoretical physicist who made fundamental contributions to the early development of both quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics.", "Paul Dirac __knowledge__ He was the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge, a member of the Center for Theoretical Studies, University of Miami, and spent the last decade of his life at Florida State University.", "Paul Dirac __knowledge__ Among other discoveries, he formulated the Dirac equation which describes the behaviour of fermions and predicted the existence of antimatter.", "Paul Dirac __knowledge__ Dirac shared the 1933 Nobel Prize in Physics with Erwin Schrödinger \"for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory\".", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres __knowledge__ Field Marshal John Denton Pinkstone French, 1st Earl of Ypres, (28 September 1852 – 22 May 1925), known as Sir John French from 1901 to 1916, and as The Viscount French between 1916 and 1922, was a senior British Army officer.", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres __knowledge__ Born in Kent to an Anglo-Irish family, he saw brief service as a midshipman in the Royal Navy, before becoming a cavalry officer.", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres __knowledge__ He achieved rapid promotion and distinguished himself on the Gordon Relief Expedition.", "John French, 1st Earl of Ypres __knowledge__ French had a considerable reputation as a womaniser throughout his life and his career nearly ended when he was cited in the divorce of a brother officer whilst in India in the early 1890s.", "Feynman diagram __knowledge__ In theoretical physics, Feynman diagrams are pictorial representations of the mathematical expressions describing the behavior of subatomic particles.", "Feynman diagram __knowledge__ The scheme is named after its inventor, American physicist Richard Feynman, and was first introduced in 1948.", "Feynman diagram __knowledge__ The interaction of sub-atomic particles can be complex and difficult to understand intuitively.", "Feynman diagram __knowledge__ Feynman diagrams give a simple visualization of what would otherwise be an arcane and abstract formula.", "Feynman diagram __knowledge__ As David Kaiser writes, \"since the middle of the 20th century, theoretical physicists have increasingly turned to this tool to help them undertake critical calculations\", and so \"Feynman diagrams have revolutionized nearly every aspect of theoretical physics\".", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ Ultraviolet (UV) is an electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm, shorter than that of visible light but longer than X-rays.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ UV radiation constitutes about 10% of the total light output of the Sun, and is thus present in sunlight.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ It is also produced by electric arcs and specialized lights, such as mercury-vapor lamps, tanning lamps, and black lights.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ Although it's not considered an ionizing radiation because its photons lack the energy to ionize atoms, long-wavelength ultraviolet radiation can cause chemical reactions and causes many substances to glow or fluoresce.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ Consequently, the chemical and biological effects of UV are greater than simple heating effects, and many practical applications of UV radiation derive from its interactions with organic molecules.", "Sunscreen __knowledge__ Sunscreen, also known as sunblock and suntan lotion, is a lotion, spray, gel or other topical product that absorbs or reflects some of the sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation and thus helps protect against sunburn.", "Sunscreen __knowledge__ Diligent use of sunscreen can also slow or temporarily prevent the development of wrinkles and sagging skin.", "Sunscreen __knowledge__ Depending on the mode of action, sunscreens can be classified into physical sunscreens (i.e., those that reflect the sunlight) or chemical sunscreens (i.e., those that absorb the UV light).", "Sunscreen __knowledge__ Medical organizations such as the American Cancer Society recommend the use of sunscreen because it aids in the prevention of squamous cell carcinomas.", "Skin cancer __knowledge__ Skin cancers are cancers that arise from the skin.", "Skin cancer __knowledge__ They are due to the development of abnormal cells that have the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body.", "Skin cancer __knowledge__ There are three main types of skin cancers: basal-cell skin cancer (BCC), squamous-cell skin cancer (SCC) and melanoma.", "Skin cancer __knowledge__ The first two, along with a number of less common skin cancers, are known as nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC).", "Skin cancer __knowledge__ Basal-cell cancer grows slowly and can damage the tissue around it but is unlikely to spread to distant areas or result in death.", "Skin cancer __knowledge__ It often appears as a painless raised area of skin, that may be shiny with small blood vessel running over it or may present as a raised area with an ulcer.", "Sunburn __knowledge__ Sunburn is a form of radiation burn that affects living tissue, such as skin, that results from an overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, commonly from the sun.", "Sunburn __knowledge__ Common symptoms in humans and other animals include red or reddish skin that is hot to the touch, pain, general fatigue, and mild dizziness.", "Sunburn __knowledge__ An excess of UV radiation can be life-threatening in extreme cases.", "Sunburn __knowledge__ Exposure of the skin to lesser amounts of UV radiation will often produce a suntan.", "Sunburn __knowledge__ Excessive UV radiation is the leading cause of primarily non-malignant skin tumors.", "Sunburn __knowledge__ Sunscreen is widely agreed to prevent sunburn and some types of skin cancer.", "Vitamin D __knowledge__ Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble secosteroids responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate, and multiple other biological effects.", "Vitamin D __knowledge__ In humans, the most important compounds in this group are vitamin D (also known as cholecalciferol) and vitamin D (ergocalciferol).", "Vitamin D __knowledge__ Cholecalciferol and ergocalciferol can be ingested from the diet and from supplements.", "Vitamin D __knowledge__ Only a few foods contain vitamin D. The major natural source of the vitamin is synthesis of cholecalciferol in the skin from cholesterol through a chemical reaction that is dependent on sun exposure (specifically UVB radiation).", "Indoor tanning __knowledge__ Indoor tanning involves using a device that emits ultraviolet radiation to produce a cosmetic tan.", "Indoor tanning __knowledge__ Typically found in tanning salons, gyms, spas, hotels, and sporting facilities, and less often in private residences, the most common device is a horizontal tanning bed, also known as a sunbed or solarium.", "Indoor tanning __knowledge__ Vertical devices are known as tanning booths or stand-up sunbeds.", "Indoor tanning __knowledge__ First introduced in the 1920s, indoor tanning became popular with white people in the Western world, particularly in Scandinavia, in the late 1970s.", "Indoor tanning __knowledge__ The practice finds a cultural parallel in skin whitening in Asian countries, and both support multibillion-dollar industries." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cancer __knowledge__ Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.", "Cancer __knowledge__ These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread to other parts of the body.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Possible signs and symptoms include a lump, abnormal bleeding, prolonged cough, unexplained weight loss, and a change in bowel movements.", "Cancer __knowledge__ While these symptoms may indicate cancer, they may have other causes.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Over 100 types of cancers affect humans.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Tobacco use is the cause of about 22% of cancer deaths.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Another 10% are due to obesity, poor diet, lack of physical activity, and excessive drinking of alcohol.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Other factors include certain infections, exposure to ionizing radiation and environmental pollutants.", "Cancer __knowledge__ In the developing world nearly 20% of cancers are due to infections such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human papillomavirus infection.", "Cancer __knowledge__ These factors act, at least partly, by changing the genes of a cell.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Typically many genetic changes are required before cancer develops.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Approximately 5–10% of cancers are due to inherited genetic defects from a person's parents.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Cancer can be detected by certain signs and symptoms or screening tests.", "Cancer __knowledge__ It is then typically further investigated by medical imaging and confirmed by biopsy.", "Indoor tanning __knowledge__ Indoor tanning involves using a device that emits ultraviolet radiation to produce a cosmetic tan.", "Indoor tanning __knowledge__ Typically found in tanning salons, gyms, spas, hotels, and sporting facilities, and less often in private residences, the most common device is a horizontal tanning bed, also known as a sunbed or solarium.", "Indoor tanning __knowledge__ Vertical devices are known as tanning booths or stand-up sunbeds.", "Indoor tanning __knowledge__ First introduced in the 1920s, indoor tanning became popular with white people in the Western world, particularly in Scandinavia, in the late 1970s.", "Indoor tanning __knowledge__ The practice finds a cultural parallel in skin whitening in Asian countries, and both support multibillion-dollar industries.", "Sun tanning __knowledge__ Sun tanning or simply tanning is the process whereby skin color is darkened or tanned.", "Sun tanning __knowledge__ It is most often a result of exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight or from artificial sources, such as a tanning lamp found in indoor tanning beds.", "Sun tanning __knowledge__ People who deliberately tan their skin by exposure to the sun engage in a passive recreational activity of sun bathing.", "Sun tanning __knowledge__ Some people use chemical products which can produce a tanning effect without exposure to ultraviolet radiation, known as sunless tanning.", "Sun tanning __knowledge__ Moderate exposure to the sun contributes to the production of melanin and vitamin D by the body, but excessive exposure to ultraviolet rays has negative health effects, including sunburn and increased risk of skin cancer, as well as depressed immune system function and accelerated aging of the skin.", "Tanning lamp __knowledge__ Tanning lamps (sometimes called tanning bulbs in the United States or tanning tubes in Europe) are the part of a tanning bed, booth or other tanning device which produces ultraviolet light responsible for tanning.", "Tanning lamp __knowledge__ There are hundreds of different kinds of tanning lamps most of which can be classified in two basic groups: low pressure and high pressure.", "Tanning lamp __knowledge__ Within the industry, it is common to call high-pressure units \"bulbs\" and low-pressure units \"lamps\", although there are many exceptions and not everyone follows this example.", "Tanning lamp __knowledge__ This is likely due to the size of the unit, rather than the type.", "Tanning lamp __knowledge__ Both types require an oxygen free environment inside the lamp.", "Sunscreen __knowledge__ Sunscreen, also known as sunblock and suntan lotion, is a lotion, spray, gel or other topical product that absorbs or reflects some of the sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation and thus helps protect against sunburn.", "Sunscreen __knowledge__ Diligent use of sunscreen can also slow or temporarily prevent the development of wrinkles and sagging skin.", "Sunscreen __knowledge__ Depending on the mode of action, sunscreens can be classified into physical sunscreens (i.e., those that reflect the sunlight) or chemical sunscreens (i.e., those that absorb the UV light).", "Sunscreen __knowledge__ Medical organizations such as the American Cancer Society recommend the use of sunscreen because it aids in the prevention of squamous cell carcinomas.", "Sunless tanning __knowledge__ Sunless tanning, also known as UV filled tanning, self tanning, spray tanning (when applied topically), or fake tanning, refers to the application of chemicals to the skin to produce an effect similar in appearance to a suntan.", "Sunless tanning __knowledge__ The popularity of sunless tanning has risen since the 1960s after health authorities confirmed links between UV exposure (from sunlight or tanning beds) and the incidence of skin cancer.", "Sunless tanning __knowledge__ Since sunscreen absorbs ultraviolet light and prevents it from reaching the skin, it will prevent tanning.", "Sunless tanning __knowledge__ It has been reported that sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 8 based on the UVB spectrum can decrease vitamin D synthetic capacity by 95 percent, whereas sunscreen with an SPF of 15 can reduce synthetic capacity by 98 percent.", "Sunburn __knowledge__ Sunburn is a form of radiation burn that affects living tissue, such as skin, that results from an overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, commonly from the sun.", "Sunburn __knowledge__ Common symptoms in humans and other animals include red or reddish skin that is hot to the touch, pain, general fatigue, and mild dizziness.", "Sunburn __knowledge__ An excess of UV radiation can be life-threatening in extreme cases.", "Sunburn __knowledge__ Exposure of the skin to lesser amounts of UV radiation will often produce a suntan.", "Sunburn __knowledge__ Excessive UV radiation is the leading cause of primarily non-malignant skin tumors.", "Sunburn __knowledge__ Sunscreen is widely agreed to prevent sunburn and some types of skin cancer.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ Ultraviolet (UV) is an electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm, shorter than that of visible light but longer than X-rays.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ UV radiation constitutes about 10% of the total light output of the Sun, and is thus present in sunlight.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ It is also produced by electric arcs and specialized lights, such as mercury-vapor lamps, tanning lamps, and black lights.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ Although it's not considered an ionizing radiation because its photons lack the energy to ionize atoms, long-wavelength ultraviolet radiation can cause chemical reactions and causes many substances to glow or fluoresce.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ Consequently, the chemical and biological effects of UV are greater than simple heating effects, and many practical applications of UV radiation derive from its interactions with organic molecules.", "Tanning dependence __knowledge__ Tanning dependence is a syndrome where an individual appears to have a physical or psychological dependence on sunbathing or the use of ultraviolet (UV) tanning beds.", "Tanning dependence __knowledge__ Compulsive tanning may satisfy the definition of a behavioral addiction as well.", "Tanning dependence __knowledge__ Tanning dependence may have a physiological basis involving endogenous opioids.", "Tanning dependence __knowledge__ There is evidence that UV exposure produces beta-endorphin in the epidermis and conflicting evidence of this opioid being released into the blood system, a pathway to the brain.", "Tanning dependence __knowledge__ A small study also found the opioid antagonist naltrexone reduced preference for UV tanning beds and at higher doses produced withdraw symptoms in frequent tanners.", "Ultraviolet light therapy __knowledge__ Ultraviolet light therapy or ultraviolet phototherapy is a form of treatment for certain skin disorders including atopic skin disorder and vitiligo when used with psoralen to form the PUVA treatment.", "Ultraviolet light therapy __knowledge__ It consists of irradiation of the patient with the UVA band of ultraviolet light (fairly closely matching the ultraviolet output from the sun), usually delivered from a fluorescent bulb specially designed to output this frequency of ultraviolet.", "Ultraviolet light therapy __knowledge__ This treatment is similar to the light from good quality solariums but differs from the mainly UVB ultraviolet band used to treat psoriasis.", "Ultraviolet light therapy __knowledge__ Tanning beds are used both in dermatology practices for the treatment of cosmetic skin conditions (such as psoriasis, acne, eczema and vitiligo) and in indoor tanning salons for cosmetic tanning.", "Nicola Roberts __knowledge__ Nicola Maria Roberts (born 5 October 1985) is an English recording artist, fashion designer, and songwriter.", "Nicola Roberts __knowledge__ After auditioning and successfully completing the reality television series and competition \"Popstars The Rivals\", Roberts became part of girl-group Girls Aloud.", "Nicola Roberts __knowledge__ Their debut single \"Sound of the Underground\" topped the UK Singles chart.", "Nicola Roberts __knowledge__ This success helped them win the competition and they were later entered in \"Guinness World Records\" as the most successful reality television music-group.", "Nicola Roberts __knowledge__ The group enjoyed 20 consecutive top ten singles, spawning five albums and positive critical responses.", "Controversy and criticism of Jersey Shore __knowledge__ Jersey Shore is a reality television series that aired on MTV.", "Controversy and criticism of Jersey Shore __knowledge__ It follows eight housemates while they live, work and party at the Jersey Shore.", "Controversy and criticism of Jersey Shore __knowledge__ The show made its debut amid large amounts of controversy regarding the use of the words \"guido/guidette\", portrayals of Italian-American stereotypes and scrutiny from locals because the cast members are not residents from the area.", "Controversy and criticism of Jersey Shore __knowledge__ Premiered in December 2009, it remains MTV's most controversial show to date.", "Controversy and criticism of Jersey Shore __knowledge__ The controversies in the series were due in large part to the manner in which MTV marketed the show, as it liberally used the word \"guido\" to describe the cast members." ] ]

[ 29, 18, 19, 20, 31 ]

[ "Yes, my uncle was rusain and effected by the chernobyl disaster. He had a hard time trying to have a kid because of the radiation cancer he had to deal with. ", "I am sorry to hear that. I hope she pulls through. I though only people who smoked and drank a lot were at risk", "along with not drinking and not smoking so much more people should put on sunscreen to protect them selves from the ultraviolet light exposure. This can help prevent melanoma.", "I think a lot more people are aware of it but still people continue to use tanning beds. The can be just as dangerous.", "you should tell her that sunscreen can also slow the development of winkles and sagging skin. that should get her attention." ]

[ "Cancer", "Cancer", "Cancer", "Cancer", "Cancer" ]

[ "Mount Kilimanjaro\nI'd love to climb Mount Kilimanjaro one day, do you know much about it?", "No I've never climbed it, but I'd like to one day. Do you know how tall it is?", "That's cool, do you know who the first person to climb it was?", "Those sound like interesting people. Do you know more about Hans Meyer or Ludwig Purtscheller?", "Wow that sounds so fascinating, what about Ludwig Purtscheller?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Mount Kilimanjaro (), with its three volcanic cones, \"Kibo\", \"Mawenzi\", and \"Shira\", is a dormant volcano in Tanzania.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ It is the highest mountain in Africa, about from its base to above sea level.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The first people known to have reached the summit of the mountain were Hans Meyer and Ludwig Purtscheller in 1889.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The mountain is part of the Kilimanjaro National Park and is a major climbing destination.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The mountain has been the subject of many scientific studies because of its shrinking glaciers and disappearing ice fields.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Kilimanjaro is a large stratovolcano and is composed of three distinct volcanic cones: Kibo, the highest; Mawenzi at ; and Shira, the shortest at .", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Mawenzi and Shira are extinct, while Kibo is dormant and could erupt again.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Uhuru Peak is the highest summit on Kibo's crater rim.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The Tanzania National Parks Authority, a Tanzanian governmental agency, and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization list the height of Uhuru Peak as .", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ That height is based on a British Ordnance Survey in 1952.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Since then, the height has been measured as in 1999, in 2008, and in 2014.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The interior of the volcanic edifice is poorly known, given the lack of large scale erosion that could have exposed the interiors of the volcano.", "Mount Kilimanjaro climbing routes __knowledge__ There are several routes by which to reach Kibo, or Uhuru Peak, the highest summit of Mount Kilimanjaro, namely, Marangu, Rongai, Lemosho, Shira, Umbwe and Machame.", "Mount Kilimanjaro climbing routes __knowledge__ Being one of the most popular mountains in the world, roughly 50,000 trekkers every year try to reach the summit of Mt Kilimanjaro.", "Mount Kilimanjaro climbing routes __knowledge__ According to research published by the Climb Kilimanjaro Guide, the average summit success rate across all climbers and routes is 65%.", "Mount Kilimanjaro climbing routes __knowledge__ However, summit success rate heavily depends upon what route is climbed as routes vary considerably in terms of acclimatization profile and duration of climb.", "Mount Kilimanjaro climbing routes __knowledge__ The Lemosho route approaches Kilimanjaro from the west.", "Chaga people __knowledge__ The Chaga (also called Wachaga, Chagga, Jagga, Dschagga, Waschagga, or Wachagga) are Bantu-speaking indigenous Africans and the third largest ethnic group in Tanzania.", "Chaga people __knowledge__ They traditionally live on the southern and eastern slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro and Mount Meru and near Moshi.", "Chaga people __knowledge__ Their relative wealth comes from the favorable climate of the area and successful agricultural methods, which include extensive irrigation systems, terracing, and continuous organic fertilization methods practiced for thousands of years.", "Chaga people __knowledge__ They were one of the first tribes in the area to convert to Christianity.", "Chaga people __knowledge__ This may have given them an economic advantage over other ethnic groups, as they had better access to education and health care as Christians.", "Erden Eruç __knowledge__ Erden Eruç ( \"Air-den Air-rooch\"; born 14 July 1961) is a Turkish-born American adventurer who became the first person in history to complete an entirely \"solo\" and entirely human-powered circumnavigation of the Earth on 21 July 2012 in Bodega Bay, California, United States.", "Erden Eruç __knowledge__ The journey had started from Bodega Bay a little more than five years earlier on 10 July 2007.", "Erden Eruç __knowledge__ The modes of transport included a rowboat to cross the oceans, a sea kayak for shorelines, a bicycle on the roads and hiking on trails, along with canoes for a few river crossings.", "Erden Eruç __knowledge__ The route he followed was long, crossed the equator twice and all lines of longitude, and passed over twelve pairs of antipodal points, meeting all the requirements for a true circumnavigation of the globe.", "Omar Samra __knowledge__ Omar Samra (born 11 August 1978) is an adventurer, mountaineer, entrepreneur, inspirational speaker and future astronaut.", "Omar Samra __knowledge__ He is the first Egyptian to climb Mount Everest, the 7 Summits and ski to both the Geographic South and North Pole (The Explorer's Grand Slam).", "Omar Samra __knowledge__ He reached the summit of Mount Everest at 9:49 am Nepal time (roughly 7:19 am Egyptian time) on 17 May 2007.", "Omar Samra __knowledge__ He is also the first Egyptian to complete the 7 Summits challenge on 31 May 2013, climbing the highest mountain on all 7 continents.", "Omar Samra __knowledge__ On 5 December 2013, he was chosen to be an astronaut to become the first Egyptian in space sometime in 2016.", "Karl Klaus von der Decken __knowledge__ Baron Karl Klaus (Carl Claus) von der Decken (born 8 August 1833 in Kotzen, Brandenburg, Germany; died 2 October 1865 near Bardera, Somalia) was a German explorer of eastern Africa and the first European to attempt to climb Mount Kilimanjaro.", "Karl Klaus von der Decken __knowledge__ Following a stint in the military, von der Decken first travelled to eastern Africa in May 1860.", "Karl Klaus von der Decken __knowledge__ There he explored the region around Lake Nyasa, only a year after David Livingstone had been the first European to reach the area.", "Karl Klaus von der Decken __knowledge__ The following year, von der Decken set out from Mombasa to survey the Kilimanjaro massif.", "Karl Klaus von der Decken __knowledge__ During the journey inland, he met the young English geologist Richard Thornton (1838-1863) – who had left Livingstone's Zambezi expedition – and invited him to accompany him to Kilimanjaro.", "Northern Ice Field (Mount Kilimanjaro) __knowledge__ The Northern Ice Field is near the summit of Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, on the west slope of the peak.", "Northern Ice Field (Mount Kilimanjaro) __knowledge__ The Northern Ice Field and Eastern Ice Fields were connected to the Southern Ice Field and formed part of a continuous body of glacial ice atop Mount Kilimanjaro when first scientifically examined in 1912.", "Northern Ice Field (Mount Kilimanjaro) __knowledge__ By 1962 the Southern Ice Field separated from the Northern Ice Field and then by 1975 the Eastern Ice Field did as well.", "Northern Ice Field (Mount Kilimanjaro) __knowledge__ In 1912, the glaciated areas atop Mount Kilimanjaro covered ; by 2011 this had been reduced to , an 85 percent loss.", "Northern Ice Field (Mount Kilimanjaro) __knowledge__ At one time, ice flowing off the Northern Ice Field fed numerous glaciers, including, north to south, the Credner, Drygalski, Great Penck and Little Penck Glaciers." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Mount Kilimanjaro (), with its three volcanic cones, \"Kibo\", \"Mawenzi\", and \"Shira\", is a dormant volcano in Tanzania.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ It is the highest mountain in Africa, about from its base to above sea level.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The first people known to have reached the summit of the mountain were Hans Meyer and Ludwig Purtscheller in 1889.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The mountain is part of the Kilimanjaro National Park and is a major climbing destination.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The mountain has been the subject of many scientific studies because of its shrinking glaciers and disappearing ice fields.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Kilimanjaro is a large stratovolcano and is composed of three distinct volcanic cones: Kibo, the highest; Mawenzi at ; and Shira, the shortest at .", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Mawenzi and Shira are extinct, while Kibo is dormant and could erupt again.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Uhuru Peak is the highest summit on Kibo's crater rim.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The Tanzania National Parks Authority, a Tanzanian governmental agency, and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization list the height of Uhuru Peak as .", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ That height is based on a British Ordnance Survey in 1952.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Since then, the height has been measured as in 1999, in 2008, and in 2014.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The interior of the volcanic edifice is poorly known, given the lack of large scale erosion that could have exposed the interiors of the volcano.", "Mount Everest __knowledge__ Mount Everest, known in Nepali as Sagarmāthā and in Tibetan as Chomolungma, is Earth's highest mountain above sea level, located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas.", "Mount Everest __knowledge__ The international border between China (Tibet Autonomous Region) and Nepal runs across its summit point.", "Mount Everest __knowledge__ The current official height of , recognised by China and Nepal, was established by a 1955 Indian survey and subsequently confirmed by a Chinese survey in 1975.", "Mount Everest __knowledge__ In 2005, China remeasured the rock height of the mountain, with a result of 8844.43 m. There followed an argument between China and Nepal as to whether the official height should be the rock height (8,844 m., China) or the snow height (8,848 m., Nepal).", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Melanesian mythology is the folklore, myths and religion of Melanesia — the archipelagos of New Guinea, the Torres Strait Islands, the Admiralty Islands, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia and Vanuatu.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Professor Roland Burrage Dixon wrote an account of the mythology of this region for \"The Mythology of All Races\", which was published in 1916.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Since that time, the region has developed new cults and legends as a result of exposure to western civilisations and their missionaries.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ These include the cargo cults in which the natives attempt to restore the supply of material goods which were a side-effect of the campaigning in this region during the Pacific War.", "Lynn Hill __knowledge__ Carolynn Marie \"Lynn\" Hill (born January 3, 1961) is a U.S. rock climber.", "Lynn Hill __knowledge__ Widely regarded as one of the leading competitive sport climbers in the world during the late 1980s and early 1990s, she is famous for making the first free ascent of the difficult sheer rock face of \"The Nose\" on El Capitan in Yosemite Valley, and for repeating it the next year in less than 24 hours.", "Lynn Hill __knowledge__ She has been described as both one of the best female climbers in the world and one of the best climbers of all time.", "Lynn Hill __knowledge__ One of the first successful women in the sport, Hill shaped rock climbing for women and became a public spokesperson, helping it gain wider popularity and arguing for sex equality.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "Mount Speke __knowledge__ Mount Speke lies in the Ruwenzori Mountains National Park in Uganda and is the second highest mountain in this range.", "Mount Speke __knowledge__ Together with Mount Stanley and Mount Baker, it forms a triangle enclosing the upper Bujuku Valley.", "Mount Speke __knowledge__ The nearest peak is Mount Stanley, which is to the south-southwest.", "Mount Speke __knowledge__ The mountains lie within an area called 'The Mountains of the Moon'.", "Mount Speke __knowledge__ All mountains in this range consist of multiple jagged peaks.", "Mount Speke __knowledge__ Mount Speke's summits are Vittorio Emanuele ; Ensonga ; Johnston ; and Trident .", "Mount Speke __knowledge__ The names were chosen in respect for the Italian royal family; however, the name choice had to be approved by the British Protectorate of Uganda who ruled the region at that time.", "Subfossil lemur __knowledge__ Subfossil lemurs are lemurs from Madagascar that are represented by recent (subfossil) remains dating from nearly 26,000 years ago (from the late Pleistocene until the Holocene) to approximately 560 years ago.", "Subfossil lemur __knowledge__ They include both living and extinct species, although the term more frequently refers to the extinct giant lemurs.", "Subfossil lemur __knowledge__ The diversity of subfossil lemur communities was greater than that of present-day lemur communities, ranging from as high as 20 or more species per location, compared with 10 to 12 species today.", "Subfossil lemur __knowledge__ Extinct species are estimated to have ranged in size from slightly over to roughly .", "Reinhold Messner __knowledge__ Reinhold Messner (; born 17 September 1944) is an Italian mountaineer, adventurer, explorer, and author from the autonomous German-speaking Italian province of South Tyrol.", "Reinhold Messner __knowledge__ He made the first and so far the only solo ascent of Mount Everest, the first ascent of Everest without supplemental oxygen, along with Peter Habeler, and was the first climber to ascend all fourteen peaks over above sea level.", "Reinhold Messner __knowledge__ He was also the first person to cross Antarctica and Greenland with neither snowmobiles nor dog sleds.", "Reinhold Messner __knowledge__ Furthermore he crossed the Gobi Desert alone.", "Reinhold Messner __knowledge__ Messner also published more than 80 books about his experiences as a climber and explorer.", "Three Sisters (Oregon) __knowledge__ --> The Three Sisters are volcanic peaks that form a complex volcano in the U.S. state of Oregon.", "Three Sisters (Oregon) __knowledge__ They are part of the Cascade Volcanic Arc, a segment of the Cascade Range in western North America extending from southern British Columbia through Washington and Oregon to Northern California.", "Three Sisters (Oregon) __knowledge__ Each more than in elevation, they are the third-, fourth- and fifth-highest peaks in Oregon.", "Three Sisters (Oregon) __knowledge__ Located in the Three Sisters Wilderness at the boundary of Lane and Deschutes counties and the Willamette and Deschutes national forests, they are about south of the nearest town, Sisters.", "Three Sisters (Oregon) __knowledge__ Diverse species of flora and fauna inhabit the area, which is subject to frequent snowfall, occasional rain, and extreme temperature variation between seasons.", "Glen Dawson (mountaineer) __knowledge__ Glen Dawson (June 3, 1912 – March 22, 2016) was an American rock climber, mountaineer, antiquarian bookseller, publisher and environmentalist.", "Glen Dawson (mountaineer) __knowledge__ His father, Ernest Dawson, was also a climber, antiquarian bookseller, and Sierra Club leader, who served as Sierra Club president from 1934 - 1937.", "Glen Dawson (mountaineer) __knowledge__ Glen climbed White Mountain Peak in 1927.", "Glen Dawson (mountaineer) __knowledge__ In 1928, Glen and his father climbed the Matterhorn with two Swiss guides.", "Glen Dawson (mountaineer) __knowledge__ In 1929, Dawson began serious mountaineering in the Sierra Nevada.", "Glen Dawson (mountaineer) __knowledge__ With John Nixon and experienced climber Bill Horsfall, he climbed Mount Abbot, Mount Mills, Mount Humphreys, and the (later named) Clyde Minaret.", "Mount Kenya __knowledge__ Mount Kenya is the highest mountain in Kenya and the second-highest in Africa, after Kilimanjaro.", "Mount Kenya __knowledge__ The highest peaks of the mountain are Batian (), Nelion () and Point Lenana ().", "Mount Kenya __knowledge__ Mount Kenya is located in central Kenya, the heart of Kenya, about south of the equator, around north-northeast of the capital Nairobi.", "Mount Kenya __knowledge__ Mount Kenya is the source of the name of the Republic of Kenya.", "Mount Kenya __knowledge__ Mount Kenya is a stratovolcano created approximately 3 million years after the opening of the East African rift.", "Mount Kenya __knowledge__ Before glaciation, it was high.", "Mount Kenya __knowledge__ It was covered by an ice cap for thousands of years.", "Mount Kenya __knowledge__ This has resulted in very eroded slopes and numerous valleys radiating from the centre.", "Glass House Mountains __knowledge__ The, Glass House Mountains are a group of thirteen hills that rise abruptly from the coastal plain on the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia.", "Glass House Mountains __knowledge__ The highest hill is Mount Beerwah at 556 meters above sea level, but the most identifiable of all the hills is Mount Tibrogargan which from some directions appears to be a face staring out to sea.", "Glass House Mountains __knowledge__ Mt Ngungun consists of sub-volcanic rock, also known as a hypabyssal rock, an intrusive rock emplaced at medium-to-shallow depths within the crust and has intermediate grain size, and often porphyritic texture between that of volcanic and plutonic rocks.", "Glass House Mountains __knowledge__ Mount Ngungun and the Glass House Mountains are located near Beerburrum State Forest and Old Gympie Road.", "Canadian Cascade Arc __knowledge__ The Canadian Cascade Arc, also called the Canadian Cascades, is the Canadian segment of the North American Cascade Volcanic Arc.", "Canadian Cascade Arc __knowledge__ Located entirely within the Canadian province of British Columbia, it extends from the Cascade Mountains in the south to the Coast Mountains in the north.", "Canadian Cascade Arc __knowledge__ Specifically, the southern end of the Canadian Cascades begin at the Canada–United States border.", "Canadian Cascade Arc __knowledge__ However, the specific boundaries of the northern end are not precisely known and the geology in this part of the volcanic arc is poorly understood.", "Canadian Cascade Arc __knowledge__ It is widely accepted by geologists that the Canadian Cascade Arc extends through the Pacific Ranges of the Coast Mountains.", "Mount Adams (Washington) __knowledge__ Mount Adams, known by some Native American tribes as Pahto or Klickitat, is a potentially active stratovolcano in the Cascade Range.", "Mount Adams (Washington) __knowledge__ Although Adams has not erupted in more than 1,000 years, it is not considered extinct.", "Mount Adams (Washington) __knowledge__ It is the second-highest mountain in the U.S. state of Washington, after Mount Rainier.", "Mount Adams (Washington) __knowledge__ Adams is a member of the Cascade Volcanic Arc, and is one of the arc's largest volcanoes, located in a remote wilderness approximately east of Mount St. Helens.", "Mount Adams (Washington) __knowledge__ The Mount Adams Wilderness consists of the upper and western part of the volcano's cone.", "Mount Adams (Washington) __knowledge__ The eastern side of the mountain is designated as part of the territory of the Yakama Nation.", "Tyler Armstrong __knowledge__ Tyler Armstrong (January 22, 2004) is an American mountain climber, who became the youngest person to climb Mount Aconcagua in Argentina at the age of 9.", "Tyler Armstrong __knowledge__ Armstrong started his career as mountain climber at the age of 6, after watching a documentary about hiking.", "Tyler Armstrong __knowledge__ After finding out that the youngest person that ever climbed Mount Whitney was 9 years, Armstrong started to train every day and soon started to climb his first mountains.", "Tyler Armstrong __knowledge__ Armstrong has hiked in ice, snow, rain, and heat.", "Tyler Armstrong __knowledge__ He has dealt with altitude sickness, and hiking in the dark.", "Tyler Armstrong __knowledge__ Armstrong carries most of his own gear including poles, water, food, and clothing." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Mount Kilimanjaro (), with its three volcanic cones, \"Kibo\", \"Mawenzi\", and \"Shira\", is a dormant volcano in Tanzania.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ It is the highest mountain in Africa, about from its base to above sea level.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The first people known to have reached the summit of the mountain were Hans Meyer and Ludwig Purtscheller in 1889.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The mountain is part of the Kilimanjaro National Park and is a major climbing destination.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The mountain has been the subject of many scientific studies because of its shrinking glaciers and disappearing ice fields.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Kilimanjaro is a large stratovolcano and is composed of three distinct volcanic cones: Kibo, the highest; Mawenzi at ; and Shira, the shortest at .", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Mawenzi and Shira are extinct, while Kibo is dormant and could erupt again.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Uhuru Peak is the highest summit on Kibo's crater rim.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The Tanzania National Parks Authority, a Tanzanian governmental agency, and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization list the height of Uhuru Peak as .", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ That height is based on a British Ordnance Survey in 1952.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Since then, the height has been measured as in 1999, in 2008, and in 2014.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The interior of the volcanic edifice is poorly known, given the lack of large scale erosion that could have exposed the interiors of the volcano.", "Mount Everest __knowledge__ Mount Everest, known in Nepali as Sagarmāthā and in Tibetan as Chomolungma, is Earth's highest mountain above sea level, located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas.", "Mount Everest __knowledge__ The international border between China (Tibet Autonomous Region) and Nepal runs across its summit point.", "Mount Everest __knowledge__ The current official height of , recognised by China and Nepal, was established by a 1955 Indian survey and subsequently confirmed by a Chinese survey in 1975.", "Mount Everest __knowledge__ In 2005, China remeasured the rock height of the mountain, with a result of 8844.43 m. There followed an argument between China and Nepal as to whether the official height should be the rock height (8,844 m., China) or the snow height (8,848 m., Nepal).", "Claude Ewing Rusk __knowledge__ Claude Ewing Rusk (November 20, 1871 – February 3, 1931), also known as C. E. Rusk, was an American mountaineer, lawyer, and author from Washington who pioneered routes up Mount Adams, Mount Baker, and Glacier Peak.", "Claude Ewing Rusk __knowledge__ He also ascended many other peaks in Washington, Oregon, and California.", "Claude Ewing Rusk __knowledge__ Rusk was born on November 20, 1871 in Knox County, Illinois to James A. and Josie A. Rusk.", "Claude Ewing Rusk __knowledge__ His family emigrated from Illinois to Washington Territory in the fall of 1874.", "Claude Ewing Rusk __knowledge__ They settled in eastern Klickitat County in an area known as Wood Gulch.", "Claude Ewing Rusk __knowledge__ In 1878, Rusk’s only sibling, Leah, was born.", "Claude Ewing Rusk __knowledge__ Several years later, in 1879, they moved to the foot of the Columbia Hills in the lower Klickitat Valley near Warwick.", "Lynn Hill __knowledge__ Carolynn Marie \"Lynn\" Hill (born January 3, 1961) is a U.S. rock climber.", "Lynn Hill __knowledge__ Widely regarded as one of the leading competitive sport climbers in the world during the late 1980s and early 1990s, she is famous for making the first free ascent of the difficult sheer rock face of \"The Nose\" on El Capitan in Yosemite Valley, and for repeating it the next year in less than 24 hours.", "Lynn Hill __knowledge__ She has been described as both one of the best female climbers in the world and one of the best climbers of all time.", "Lynn Hill __knowledge__ One of the first successful women in the sport, Hill shaped rock climbing for women and became a public spokesperson, helping it gain wider popularity and arguing for sex equality.", "The Climb (Miley Cyrus song) __knowledge__ \"The Climb\" is a song performed by American singer Miley Cyrus, for the 2009 film \"\".", "The Climb (Miley Cyrus song) __knowledge__ The song was written by Jessi Alexander and Jon Mabe, and produced by John Shanks.", "The Climb (Miley Cyrus song) __knowledge__ It was released on March 5, 2009, as the lead single of the film's by Walt Disney Records.", "The Climb (Miley Cyrus song) __knowledge__ The song is a power ballad with lyrics that describe life as a difficult but rewarding journey.", "The Climb (Miley Cyrus song) __knowledge__ It is styled as a country pop ballad, and was Cyrus' first solo song to be released to country radio.", "The Climb (Miley Cyrus song) __knowledge__ The instrumentation includes piano, guitar and violins.", "The Climb (Miley Cyrus song) __knowledge__ The song received a nomination for the Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media at the 52nd Grammy Awards.", "Seven Summits __knowledge__ The Seven Summits are the highest mountains of each of the seven continents.", "Seven Summits __knowledge__ Summiting all of them is regarded as a mountaineering challenge, first achieved on 30 April 1985 by Richard Bass.", "Seven Summits __knowledge__ The Seven Summits achievement has become noted as an exploration and mountaineering accomplishment.", "Seven Summits __knowledge__ The Seven Summits are composed of each of the highest mountain peaks of each of the seven continents.", "Seven Summits __knowledge__ Different lists include slight variations, but generally the same core is maintained.", "Seven Summits __knowledge__ The seven summits depend on the definition used for a continent — in particular the location of the border of that continent.", "Third-person pronoun __knowledge__ A third-person pronoun is a pronoun that refers to an entity other than the speaker or listener.", "Third-person pronoun __knowledge__ The English pronouns \"he\" and \"she\" are gender-specific third-person personal pronouns.", "Third-person pronoun __knowledge__ The English pronoun \"they\" is an epicene (gender-neutral) third-person pronoun that can refer to plural antecedents of any gender and, under certain circumstances, to a singular antecedent that refers to a person.", "Third-person pronoun __knowledge__ Many of the world's languages do not have gender-specific pronouns.", "Third-person pronoun __knowledge__ A number of the ones with gender-specific pronouns have them as part of a traditional grammatical gender system, where all or the vast majority of nouns are assigned to gender classes and adjectives and other modifiers must agree with them in that; but a few languages with gender-specific pronouns, such as English, Afrikaans, Defaka, Khmu, Malayalam, Tamil, and Yazgulyam, lack traditional grammatical gender: and in such languages gender usually adheres to \"natural gender\".", "Highpointing __knowledge__ Highpointing is the sport of ascending to the point with the highest elevation within a given area (the \"highpoint\").", "Highpointing __knowledge__ Examples include: climbing the highest point of each U.S. state; reaching the highest point of each county within a specific state; and ascending the highest mountain on each continent (the \"Seven Summits\").", "Highpointing __knowledge__ While highpointing takes its adherents to the apex of dangerous and spectacular mountains, it also leads people to climb much less notable hilltops in pursuit of their goal.", "Highpointing __knowledge__ An example of this can be found in those who climb the highest point of each U.S. state.", "Highpointing __knowledge__ This requires ascents not only of Denali and Mt.", "Tour of Flanders __knowledge__ The Tour of Flanders (), also known as \"De Ronde\" (\"\"The Tour\"\"), is an annual road cycling race held in Belgium every spring.", "Tour of Flanders __knowledge__ The most important cycling race in Flanders, it is part of the UCI World Tour and organized by Flanders Classics.", "Tour of Flanders __knowledge__ Its nickname is \"Vlaanderens Mooiste\" (Dutch for \"Flanders' Finest\").", "Tour of Flanders __knowledge__ First held in 1913, the Tour of Flanders had its 100th edition in 2016.", "Tour of Flanders __knowledge__ Today it is one of the five \"monuments\" of cycling, together with Milan–San Remo, Paris–Roubaix, Liège–Bastogne–Liège and the Giro di Lombardia.", "Tour of Flanders __knowledge__ It is one of the two major Cobbled classics, anticipating Paris–Roubaix, which is on the calendar one week after the Tour of Flanders.", "Vernon Tejas __knowledge__ Vernon \"Vern\" Tejas is an American mountain climber and mountain guide.", "Vernon Tejas __knowledge__ He is the current world record holder in the amount of time taken to summit all of the Seven Summits consecutively, having also previously held the same record.", "Vernon Tejas __knowledge__ He was also the first person to solo summit several of the world's tallest peaks.", "Vernon Tejas __knowledge__ Tejas was named one of the top fifty Alaskan athletes of the twentieth century by \"Sports Illustrated\" in 2002.", "Vernon Tejas __knowledge__ In 2012, he was elected to the Alaska Sports Hall of Fame.", "Vernon Tejas __knowledge__ Tejas plays the harmonica and guitar.", "Vernon Tejas __knowledge__ He currently resides in Greenwich Village, New York.", "Vernon Tejas __knowledge__ Vernon Tejas was born on 16 March 1953 at Portland, Oregon, the son of Phillip Sand Hansel and Janice Elaine Hansel.", "David Sharp (mountaineer) __knowledge__ David Sharp (15 February 1972 – 15 May 2006) was an English mountaineer who died near the summit of Mount Everest.", "David Sharp (mountaineer) __knowledge__ His death caused controversy and debate, because he was passed by a number of other climbers heading to and returning from the summit as he was dying, although a number of others did try to help him.", "David Sharp (mountaineer) __knowledge__ Sharp had previously summitted Cho Oyu and was noted as being a talented rock climber, who seemed to acclimatize well, and was known for being in good humor around mountaineering camps.", "David Sharp (mountaineer) __knowledge__ He had appeared briefly in season one of the television show \"\", which was filmed the same season as his ill-fated expedition to Everest.", "Manaslu __knowledge__ Manaslu (, also known as Kutang) is the eighth highest mountain in the world at above sea level.", "Manaslu __knowledge__ It is located in the Mansiri Himal, part of the Nepalese Himalayas, in the west-central part of Nepal.", "Manaslu __knowledge__ Its name, which means \"mountain of the spirit\", comes from the Sanskrit word \"manasa\", meaning \"intellect\" or \"soul\".", "Manaslu __knowledge__ Manaslu was first climbed on May 9, 1956 by Toshio Imanishi and Gyalzen Norbu, members of a Japanese expedition.", "Manaslu __knowledge__ It is said that \"just as the British consider Everest their mountain, Manaslu has always been a Japanese mountain\".", "Manaslu __knowledge__ Manaslu is the highest peak in the Gorkha District and is located about east of Annapurna.", "Mount Hood climbing accidents __knowledge__ Mount Hood climbing accidents are mountain climbing- or hiking-related incidents on Oregon's Mount Hood.", "Mount Hood climbing accidents __knowledge__ As of 2007, about 10,000 people attempt to climb Mount Hood each year.", "Mount Hood climbing accidents __knowledge__ As of May 2002, more than 130 people have died climbing Mount Hood since records have been kept.", "Mount Hood climbing accidents __knowledge__ One of the worst climbing accidents occurred in 1986, when seven teenagers and two school teachers froze to death while attempting to retreat from a storm.", "Mount Hood climbing accidents __knowledge__ Despite a quadrupling of forest visitors since 1990, the number of people requiring rescue remains steady at around 25 to 50 per year, largely because of the increased use of cell phones and GPS devices.", "Trango Towers __knowledge__ The Trango Towers () are a family of rock towers situated in Gilgit-Baltistan, in the north of Pakistan.", "Trango Towers __knowledge__ The Towers offer some of the largest cliffs and most challenging rock climbing in the world, and every year a number of expeditions from all corners of the globe visit Karakoram to climb the difficult granite.", "Trango Towers __knowledge__ They are located north of Baltoro Glacier, and are part of the Baltoro Muztagh, a sub-range of the Karakoram range.", "Trango Towers __knowledge__ The highest point in the group is the summit of \"Great Trango Tower\" at 6,286 m (20,623 ft), the east face of which features the world's greatest nearly vertical drop.", "Trango Towers __knowledge__ All of the Trango Towers lie on a ridge, trending northwest-southeast, between the Trango Glacier on the west and the Dunge Glacier on the east." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Mount Kilimanjaro (), with its three volcanic cones, \"Kibo\", \"Mawenzi\", and \"Shira\", is a dormant volcano in Tanzania.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ It is the highest mountain in Africa, about from its base to above sea level.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The first people known to have reached the summit of the mountain were Hans Meyer and Ludwig Purtscheller in 1889.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The mountain is part of the Kilimanjaro National Park and is a major climbing destination.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The mountain has been the subject of many scientific studies because of its shrinking glaciers and disappearing ice fields.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Kilimanjaro is a large stratovolcano and is composed of three distinct volcanic cones: Kibo, the highest; Mawenzi at ; and Shira, the shortest at .", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Mawenzi and Shira are extinct, while Kibo is dormant and could erupt again.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Uhuru Peak is the highest summit on Kibo's crater rim.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The Tanzania National Parks Authority, a Tanzanian governmental agency, and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization list the height of Uhuru Peak as .", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ That height is based on a British Ordnance Survey in 1952.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Since then, the height has been measured as in 1999, in 2008, and in 2014.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The interior of the volcanic edifice is poorly known, given the lack of large scale erosion that could have exposed the interiors of the volcano.", "Hans Meyer (geologist) __knowledge__ Hans Heinrich Josef Meyer (March 22, 1858 – July 5, 1929) was a German geographer from Hildburghausen, who was the son of publisher Herrmann Julius Meyer (1826-1909).", "Hans Meyer (geologist) __knowledge__ Hans Meyer is credited with being the first European to reach the summit of Mount Kilimanjaro 5,895 m (19,341 ft).", "Hans Meyer (geologist) __knowledge__ Kilimanjaro has three peaks: Shira, 3,962 m (12,999 ft); Mawenzi, 5,149 m (16,893 ft); and Kibo, whose summit was reached by Meyer in 1889.", "Hans Meyer (geologist) __knowledge__ He studied sciences and history in Leipzig, Berlin and Straßburg, afterward traveling in India, North America and South Africa.", "Hans Meyer (geologist) __knowledge__ Subsequently he visited East Africa and South America.", "Ludwig Purtscheller __knowledge__ Ludwig Purtscheller (October 6, 1849 – March 3, 1900) was an Austrian mountaineer and teacher.", "Ludwig Purtscheller __knowledge__ Purtscheller pioneered climbing without a mountain guide, who in the 19th century did all the route finding and lead climbing.", "Ludwig Purtscheller __knowledge__ By the end of his life he had recorded climbing over 1,700 mountains.", "Ludwig Purtscheller __knowledge__ A celebrated climb was the traverse of the Meije together with the Zsigmondy brothers in 1885, which to this date is considered a classic alpine route.", "Ludwig Purtscheller __knowledge__ He is best known as the first European to ascend Kilimanjaro in 1889, together with the German mountaineer Hans Meyer.", "Ludwig Purtscheller __knowledge__ After a descent of the Aiguille du Dru with G. Löwenbach and Jakob Oberhollenzer on August 25, 1899, an ice axe broke and the rope team fell into a bergschrund.", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ The term mountaineering describes the sport of mountain climbing.", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ While some scholars identify mountaineering-related activities as climbing (rock and ice) and trekking up mountains, others are also adding backpacking, hiking, skiing, via ferrata and wilderness activities, and still others state that mountaineering activities also include indoor climbing, sport climbing and bouldering.", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ However most of the scholars, the term mountaineering understand as a climbing (which now refers to adventure climbing or sports climbing) and trekking (hill walking in 'exotic' places).", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ Hiking in the mountains can also be a simple form of mountaineering when it involves scrambling, or short stretches of the more basic grades of rock climbing, as well as crossing glaciers.", "Emil Zsigmondy __knowledge__ Emil Zsigmondy (11 August 1861 – 6 August 1885) was an Austrian physician and mountaineer.", "Emil Zsigmondy __knowledge__ Zsigmondy's parents were Hungarians: Adolf Zsigmondy, born in Pozsony, and Irma von Szakmáry, born in Mártonvásár.", "Emil Zsigmondy __knowledge__ Zsigmondy was an excellent alpinist, known for the risky nature of many of his climbs.", "Emil Zsigmondy __knowledge__ He began mountaineering as a teenager, climbing the Reisseck in Austria in a round trip of 26 hours with his brother, Otto Zsigmondy.", "Emil Zsigmondy __knowledge__ By the late 1870s the two brothers were climbing without guides in the Zillertal Alps.", "Emil Zsigmondy __knowledge__ In 1881, they climbed the Ortler from the Hochjoch.", "Emil Zsigmondy __knowledge__ Emil Zsigmondy was the friend and companion of Ludwig Purtscheller, the great pioneer of guideless Alpine climbing.", "Hans Meyer Range __knowledge__ The Hans Meyer Range is a mountain range in the southern part of New Ireland, Papua New Guinea.", "Hans Meyer Range __knowledge__ This range was named after German geographer Hans Meyer (1858–1929).", "Hans Meyer Range __knowledge__ 2,379 m high Mount Taron, the highest point of the range, is also the highest point of New Ireland.", "Hans Meyer Range __knowledge__ Together with the Verron Range and the Lelet Plateau, it is one of the main mountainous features of New Ireland.", "Hans Meyer Range __knowledge__ It is located in the broader southern part of the island and runs roughly in a north-south-direction, parallel to the Verron Range.", "Hans Meyer Range __knowledge__ The Weitin valley divides the two ranges, Hans Meyer on the east and Verron on the west.", "Hans Meyer Range __knowledge__ As other mountain ranges in Papua New Guinea it is home to many rare species of fauna and flora and is highly biodiverse and covered in thick rainforest.", "Gleirscher Fernerkogel __knowledge__ The Gleirscher Fernerkogel, also \"Gleirschfernerkogl\", formerly called the \"Roßkarspitze\", is a mountain, , in the Southern Sellrain Mountains, a subgroup of the Stubai Alps.", "Gleirscher Fernerkogel __knowledge__ It rises in the Austrian state of Tyrol.", "Gleirscher Fernerkogel __knowledge__ The old name, Roßkarspitze, was given to it during the military survey of the region in the 1850s.", "Gleirscher Fernerkogel __knowledge__ The first documented ascent was undertaken on 1 September 1883 by Ludwig Purtscheller and Hans Schöller, a \"professor from Salzburg\".", "Gleirscher Fernerkogel __knowledge__ Purtscheller gave the mountain its present name.", "Gleirscher Fernerkogel __knowledge__ A prominent 500-metre-long ridge runs eastwards from the unimposing summit.", "Gleirscher Fernerkogel __knowledge__ The Gleirscher Fernerkogel lies a good seven kilometres as the crow flies northeast of Längenfeld in the Ötztal valley and just under 7 km southwest \"Praxmar\" in the \"Lüsenstal\" valley.", "Mount Everest __knowledge__ Mount Everest, known in Nepali as Sagarmāthā and in Tibetan as Chomolungma, is Earth's highest mountain above sea level, located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas.", "Mount Everest __knowledge__ The international border between China (Tibet Autonomous Region) and Nepal runs across its summit point.", "Mount Everest __knowledge__ The current official height of , recognised by China and Nepal, was established by a 1955 Indian survey and subsequently confirmed by a Chinese survey in 1975.", "Mount Everest __knowledge__ In 2005, China remeasured the rock height of the mountain, with a result of 8844.43 m. There followed an argument between China and Nepal as to whether the official height should be the rock height (8,844 m., China) or the snow height (8,848 m., Nepal).", "Volcanic Seven Summits __knowledge__ The Volcanic Seven Summits are the highest volcanoes on each of the seven continents, just as the Seven Summits are the highest peaks on each of the seven continents.", "Volcanic Seven Summits __knowledge__ Summiting all seven is regarded as a mountaineering challenge, first postulated as such in 1999.", "Volcanic Seven Summits __knowledge__ Two of the Volcanic Seven Summits are also in the Seven Summits list.", "Volcanic Seven Summits __knowledge__ Mount Kilimanjaro and Mount Elbrus, which were formed volcanically, are the highest peaks of their respective continents.", "Volcanic Seven Summits __knowledge__ Due to different interpretations of continental borders (geological, geographical, geopolitical) several definitions for the highest summits per continent and the number of continents are possible.", "Three Sisters (Oregon) __knowledge__ --> The Three Sisters are volcanic peaks that form a complex volcano in the U.S. state of Oregon.", "Three Sisters (Oregon) __knowledge__ They are part of the Cascade Volcanic Arc, a segment of the Cascade Range in western North America extending from southern British Columbia through Washington and Oregon to Northern California.", "Three Sisters (Oregon) __knowledge__ Each more than in elevation, they are the third-, fourth- and fifth-highest peaks in Oregon.", "Three Sisters (Oregon) __knowledge__ Located in the Three Sisters Wilderness at the boundary of Lane and Deschutes counties and the Willamette and Deschutes national forests, they are about south of the nearest town, Sisters.", "Three Sisters (Oregon) __knowledge__ Diverse species of flora and fauna inhabit the area, which is subject to frequent snowfall, occasional rain, and extreme temperature variation between seasons." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Mount Kilimanjaro (), with its three volcanic cones, \"Kibo\", \"Mawenzi\", and \"Shira\", is a dormant volcano in Tanzania.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ It is the highest mountain in Africa, about from its base to above sea level.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The first people known to have reached the summit of the mountain were Hans Meyer and Ludwig Purtscheller in 1889.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The mountain is part of the Kilimanjaro National Park and is a major climbing destination.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The mountain has been the subject of many scientific studies because of its shrinking glaciers and disappearing ice fields.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Kilimanjaro is a large stratovolcano and is composed of three distinct volcanic cones: Kibo, the highest; Mawenzi at ; and Shira, the shortest at .", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Mawenzi and Shira are extinct, while Kibo is dormant and could erupt again.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Uhuru Peak is the highest summit on Kibo's crater rim.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The Tanzania National Parks Authority, a Tanzanian governmental agency, and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization list the height of Uhuru Peak as .", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ That height is based on a British Ordnance Survey in 1952.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ Since then, the height has been measured as in 1999, in 2008, and in 2014.", "Mount Kilimanjaro __knowledge__ The interior of the volcanic edifice is poorly known, given the lack of large scale erosion that could have exposed the interiors of the volcano.", "Ludwig Purtscheller __knowledge__ Ludwig Purtscheller (October 6, 1849 – March 3, 1900) was an Austrian mountaineer and teacher.", "Ludwig Purtscheller __knowledge__ Purtscheller pioneered climbing without a mountain guide, who in the 19th century did all the route finding and lead climbing.", "Ludwig Purtscheller __knowledge__ By the end of his life he had recorded climbing over 1,700 mountains.", "Ludwig Purtscheller __knowledge__ A celebrated climb was the traverse of the Meije together with the Zsigmondy brothers in 1885, which to this date is considered a classic alpine route.", "Ludwig Purtscheller __knowledge__ He is best known as the first European to ascend Kilimanjaro in 1889, together with the German mountaineer Hans Meyer.", "Ludwig Purtscheller __knowledge__ After a descent of the Aiguille du Dru with G. Löwenbach and Jakob Oberhollenzer on August 25, 1899, an ice axe broke and the rope team fell into a bergschrund.", "Hans Meyer (geologist) __knowledge__ Hans Heinrich Josef Meyer (March 22, 1858 – July 5, 1929) was a German geographer from Hildburghausen, who was the son of publisher Herrmann Julius Meyer (1826-1909).", "Hans Meyer (geologist) __knowledge__ Hans Meyer is credited with being the first European to reach the summit of Mount Kilimanjaro 5,895 m (19,341 ft).", "Hans Meyer (geologist) __knowledge__ Kilimanjaro has three peaks: Shira, 3,962 m (12,999 ft); Mawenzi, 5,149 m (16,893 ft); and Kibo, whose summit was reached by Meyer in 1889.", "Hans Meyer (geologist) __knowledge__ He studied sciences and history in Leipzig, Berlin and Straßburg, afterward traveling in India, North America and South Africa.", "Hans Meyer (geologist) __knowledge__ Subsequently he visited East Africa and South America.", "Emil Zsigmondy __knowledge__ Emil Zsigmondy (11 August 1861 – 6 August 1885) was an Austrian physician and mountaineer.", "Emil Zsigmondy __knowledge__ Zsigmondy's parents were Hungarians: Adolf Zsigmondy, born in Pozsony, and Irma von Szakmáry, born in Mártonvásár.", "Emil Zsigmondy __knowledge__ Zsigmondy was an excellent alpinist, known for the risky nature of many of his climbs.", "Emil Zsigmondy __knowledge__ He began mountaineering as a teenager, climbing the Reisseck in Austria in a round trip of 26 hours with his brother, Otto Zsigmondy.", "Emil Zsigmondy __knowledge__ By the late 1870s the two brothers were climbing without guides in the Zillertal Alps.", "Emil Zsigmondy __knowledge__ In 1881, they climbed the Ortler from the Hochjoch.", "Emil Zsigmondy __knowledge__ Emil Zsigmondy was the friend and companion of Ludwig Purtscheller, the great pioneer of guideless Alpine climbing.", "Gleirscher Fernerkogel __knowledge__ The Gleirscher Fernerkogel, also \"Gleirschfernerkogl\", formerly called the \"Roßkarspitze\", is a mountain, , in the Southern Sellrain Mountains, a subgroup of the Stubai Alps.", "Gleirscher Fernerkogel __knowledge__ It rises in the Austrian state of Tyrol.", "Gleirscher Fernerkogel __knowledge__ The old name, Roßkarspitze, was given to it during the military survey of the region in the 1850s.", "Gleirscher Fernerkogel __knowledge__ The first documented ascent was undertaken on 1 September 1883 by Ludwig Purtscheller and Hans Schöller, a \"professor from Salzburg\".", "Gleirscher Fernerkogel __knowledge__ Purtscheller gave the mountain its present name.", "Gleirscher Fernerkogel __knowledge__ A prominent 500-metre-long ridge runs eastwards from the unimposing summit.", "Gleirscher Fernerkogel __knowledge__ The Gleirscher Fernerkogel lies a good seven kilometres as the crow flies northeast of Längenfeld in the Ötztal valley and just under 7 km southwest \"Praxmar\" in the \"Lüsenstal\" valley.", "Zwieselbacher Rosskogel __knowledge__ The Zwieselbacher Rosskogel ( or ) is a might double peak in the northern Stubai Alps in the Austrian state of Tyrol.", "Zwieselbacher Rosskogel __knowledge__ Its summit offers a sweeping panorama to the north because no other higher mountains impede the view.", "Zwieselbacher Rosskogel __knowledge__ To the south, by contrast, the view is restricted by higher summits in the Stubai Alps.", "Zwieselbacher Rosskogel __knowledge__ The first well known ascent took place on 23 August 1881 by Ludwig Purtscheller accompanied by chamois hunter Franz Schnaiter from Zirl.", "Zwieselbacher Rosskogel __knowledge__ The Zwieselbacher Rosskogel is situated in the area of three high valleys: north of the summit is the Kraspes valley (\"Kraspestal\") and, to the east, is the Gleirsch valley (\"Gleischtal\"), both side valleys of the Sellrain.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Hans Heinrich XV von Hochberg __knowledge__ Hans Heinrich XV von Hochberg (\"Polish: Jan Henryk XV\", 23 April 1861 – 31 January 1938) was Prince of Pless (Pszczyna), Count von Hochberg and Baron of Fürstenstein (Książ).", "Hans Heinrich XV von Hochberg __knowledge__ He was the husband (1891–1923) of Mary Theresa Olivia Hochberg von Pless, also known as \"Princess Daisy\".", "Hans Heinrich XV von Hochberg __knowledge__ A member of one of the wealthiest European noble families, he was the owner of large estates and coal mines in Silesia (Poland) which brought him enormous fortune and his extravagant lifestyle coupled with disastrous events and political and family scandals were tasty morsels for the international press.", "Hans Heinrich XV von Hochberg __knowledge__ The historical drama \"Magnat\" (1987) was based on the life of Hans Heinrich between both World Wars.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands had a considerable part in the making of modern society.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands and its people have made numerous seminal contributions to the world's civilization, especially in art, science, technology and engineering, economics and finance, cartography and geography, exploration and navigation, law and jurisprudence, thought and philosophy, medicine, and agriculture.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ Dutch-speaking people, in spite of their relatively small number, have a significant history of invention, innovation, discovery and exploration.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The following list is composed of objects, (largely) unknown lands, breakthrough ideas/concepts, principles, phenomena, processes, methods, techniques, styles etc., that were discovered or invented (or pioneered) by people from the Netherlands and Dutch-speaking people from the former Southern Netherlands (\"Zuid-Nederlanders\" in Dutch).", "Duchy of Pless __knowledge__ The Duchy of Pless (or the \"Duchy of Pszczyna\", , ) was a Duchy of Silesia, with its capital at Pless (present-day Pszczyna, Poland).", "Duchy of Pless __knowledge__ After the fragmentation of the Polish kingdom upon the 1138 Testament of Bolesław III Krzywousty the lands around the castellany of Pszczyna belonged to the Seniorate Province of Lesser Poland (\"Małopolska\"), until in 1177 Duke Casimir II the Just granted them to the Silesian duke Mieszko I Tanglefoot.", "Duchy of Pless __knowledge__ Mieszko attached Pszczyna to his Duchy of Racibórz.", "Duchy of Pless __knowledge__ The Racibórz branch of the Silesian Piasts became extinct with the death of Duke Leszek in 1336.", "Duchy of Pless __knowledge__ Before his death, Leszek together with several other Dukes of Silesia had accepted vassalization by King John of Bohemia in 1327, putting his duchy in the Bohemian Crown, acknowledged by King Casimir III the Great of Poland in the 1335 Treaty of Trentschin.", "Matterhorn __knowledge__ The Matterhorn (, ; , ; , ) is a mountain of the Alps, straddling the main watershed and border between Switzerland and Italy.", "Matterhorn __knowledge__ It is a large, near-symmetrical pyramidal peak in the extended Monte Rosa area of the Pennine Alps, whose summit is high, making it one of the highest summits in the Alps and Europe.", "Matterhorn __knowledge__ The four steep faces, rising above the surrounding glaciers, face the four compass points and are split by the \"Hörnli\", \"Furggen\", \"Leone\", and \"Zmutt\" ridges.", "Matterhorn __knowledge__ The mountain overlooks the Swiss town of Zermatt, in the canton of Valais, to the north-east and the Italian town of Breuil-Cervinia in the Aosta Valley to the south.", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ The term mountaineering describes the sport of mountain climbing.", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ While some scholars identify mountaineering-related activities as climbing (rock and ice) and trekking up mountains, others are also adding backpacking, hiking, skiing, via ferrata and wilderness activities, and still others state that mountaineering activities also include indoor climbing, sport climbing and bouldering.", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ However most of the scholars, the term mountaineering understand as a climbing (which now refers to adventure climbing or sports climbing) and trekking (hill walking in 'exotic' places).", "Mountaineering __knowledge__ Hiking in the mountains can also be a simple form of mountaineering when it involves scrambling, or short stretches of the more basic grades of rock climbing, as well as crossing glaciers." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 3, 13, 14 ]

[ "Have you ever climbed Mount Kiliminjaro in Tanzania? It has 3 volcanic peaks.", "I know that it was first climbed or rather summited, in 1889.", "That would probably be Hans Meyer and Ludwig Purtscheller. I think they were climbing mountains about that time, though i doubt they summitted the highest volcanic peaks on all 7 continents, like people do today.", "Let's see. If memory serves me correctly, Hans Heinrich Josef Meyer was a geographer and geologist from Germany who also climbed mountains and volcanic peaks? I hope that is correct. ", "You might stump me here. I'm guessing he was an Austrian Mountaineer who pioneered climbing mountains without a guide? I think he must have been an adventurer." ]

[ "Mount Kilimanjaro", "Mount Kilimanjaro", "Mount Kilimanjaro", "Mount Kilimanjaro", "Mount Kilimanjaro" ]

[ "Van Halen\nim interestd in this band van halen, have you heard of them ?", "yea i have", "a little in the past but not so much now", "i have been there a few times.. its expensive and the portions are small :/", "oh i didnt know that" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Van Halen __knowledge__ Van Halen is an American hard rock band formed in Pasadena, California, in 1972.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ From 1974 until 1985, the band consisted of guitarist Eddie Van Halen, vocalist David Lee Roth, drummer Alex Van Halen, and bassist Michael Anthony.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ The band went on to become major stars, and by the early 1980s they were one of the most successful rock acts of the time.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ \"1984\" was their most successful album.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ The lead single, \"Jump\", became an international hit and their only single to reach number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ The following singles, \"Panama\" and \"I'll Wait\", both hit number 13 on the U.S. charts.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ The album went on to sell over 12 million copies in the U.S. alone.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ In 1985, the band replaced lead singer David Lee Roth with former Montrose lead vocalist Sammy Hagar.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ With Hagar, the group would release four U.S. number-one albums over the course of 11 years.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ Hagar left the band in 1996 shortly before the release of the band's first greatest hits collection, \"Best Of – Volume I\".", "Van Halen __knowledge__ Former Extreme frontman Gary Cherone was quickly recruited as lead singer to replace Hagar, and \"Van Halen III\" was released in 1998.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ Cherone left the band in frustration in 1999 after the tour due to the poor commercial performance of the album.", "Eddie Van Halen __knowledge__ Edward Lodewijk Van Halen (born January 26, 1955) is a Dutch-American musician, songwriter and producer.", "Eddie Van Halen __knowledge__ He is the main songwriter, and founder — with brother Alex Van Halen, singer David Lee Roth, and bassist Michael Anthony — of the American hard rock band Van Halen.", "Eddie Van Halen __knowledge__ He is considered one of the best and most influential guitarists in the history of rock music.", "Eddie Van Halen __knowledge__ In 2011, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked Van Halen number eight in the list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists.", "Eddie Van Halen __knowledge__ In 2012, he was voted number one in a \"Guitar World\" magazine reader's poll for \"The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\".", "Eddie Van Halen __knowledge__ Born in Nijmegen, Netherlands, Edward Lodewijk van Halen is the son of Dutch father, Jan van Halen, a clarinetist, saxophonist, and pianist, and Indonesian-born Eurasian mother, Eugenia van Halen ( van Beers).", "David Lee Roth __knowledge__ David Lee Roth (born October 10, 1954) is an American rock vocalist, musician, songwriter, actor, author, and former radio personality.", "David Lee Roth __knowledge__ In 2007, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.", "David Lee Roth __knowledge__ Roth is best known as the original (1974–1985) and current (2006–present) lead singer of hard rock band Van Halen.", "David Lee Roth __knowledge__ He is also known as a successful solo artist, releasing numerous RIAA-certified Gold and Platinum albums.", "David Lee Roth __knowledge__ After more than two decades apart, Roth re-joined Van Halen in 2006 for a North American tour that became the highest grossing in the band's history and one of the highest grossing of that year.", "Van Halen (album) __knowledge__ Van Halen is the debut studio album by American hard rock band Van Halen.", "Van Halen (album) __knowledge__ Released on February 10, 1978, the album peaked at number 19 on the \"Billboard\" 200.", "Van Halen (album) __knowledge__ The album became widely recognized as the band's popularity grew, selling more than ten million copies in the United States by August 7, 1996 and being certified Diamond.", "Van Halen (album) __knowledge__ \"Van Halen\" contains many of Van Halen's signature songs, including \"Runnin' with the Devil\", the guitar solo \"Eruption\", The Kinks cover \"You Really Got Me\", \"Ain't Talkin' 'Bout Love\", \"Jamie's Cryin'\", and the cover version of John Brim's \"Ice Cream Man\".", "Van Halen (album) __knowledge__ In 1976, Van Halen started recording demos for their first studio album.", "1984 (Van Halen album) __knowledge__ 1984 (stylized as MCMLXXXIV on the album's front cover) is the sixth studio album by American hard rock band Van Halen, released on January 9, 1984.", "1984 (Van Halen album) __knowledge__ \"1984\" was the last Van Halen album to feature lead singer David Lee Roth until 2012's \"A Different Kind of Truth\", and the final full-length album with all four original members.", "1984 (Van Halen album) __knowledge__ Roth left the band in 1985 due to increasing creative differences.", "1984 (Van Halen album) __knowledge__ This album and their debut are Van Halen's bestselling albums, each having sold more than 10 million copies.", "1984 (Van Halen album) __knowledge__ \"1984\" was well received by music critics.", "1984 (Van Halen album) __knowledge__ \"Rolling Stone\" ranked the album number 81 on its list of the 100 Greatest Albums of the 1980s.", "Michael Anthony (musician) __knowledge__ Michael Anthony Sobolewski (born June 20, 1954 and legally shortened his name to Michael Anthony in 1978), is an American musician who is currently the bass player in the rock supergroup Chickenfoot and the Circle.", "Michael Anthony (musician) __knowledge__ Anthony is best known as the former bass player for the hard rock band Van Halen.", "Michael Anthony (musician) __knowledge__ Anthony is known for his stage antics, his effects-laden live solos, his number of custom-made bass guitars, including a Jack Daniel's model shaped like a whiskey bottle, and his background vocals in Van Halen.", "Michael Anthony (musician) __knowledge__ He also has a signature Schecter Guitar Research bass-guitar series.", "Michael Anthony (musician) __knowledge__ In total, Anthony is known to have in excess of 150 bass guitars.", "Sammy Hagar __knowledge__ Samuel Roy Hagar (born October 13, 1947), also known as The Red Rocker, is an American rock vocalist, guitarist, songwriter, musician and entrepreneur.", "Sammy Hagar __knowledge__ Hagar came to prominence in the 1970s with the hard rock band Montrose.", "Sammy Hagar __knowledge__ He afterwards launched a successful solo career, scoring an enduring hit in 1984 with \"I Can't Drive 55\".", "Sammy Hagar __knowledge__ He enjoyed commercial success when he replaced David Lee Roth as the lead singer of Van Halen in 1985, but left the band in 1996.", "Sammy Hagar __knowledge__ He returned to the band for a two-year reunion from 2003 to 2005.", "Sammy Hagar __knowledge__ On March 12, 2007, Hagar was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Van Halen." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Van Halen __knowledge__ Van Halen is an American hard rock band formed in Pasadena, California, in 1972.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ From 1974 until 1985, the band consisted of guitarist Eddie Van Halen, vocalist David Lee Roth, drummer Alex Van Halen, and bassist Michael Anthony.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ The band went on to become major stars, and by the early 1980s they were one of the most successful rock acts of the time.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ \"1984\" was their most successful album.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ The lead single, \"Jump\", became an international hit and their only single to reach number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ The following singles, \"Panama\" and \"I'll Wait\", both hit number 13 on the U.S. charts.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ The album went on to sell over 12 million copies in the U.S. alone.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ In 1985, the band replaced lead singer David Lee Roth with former Montrose lead vocalist Sammy Hagar.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ With Hagar, the group would release four U.S. number-one albums over the course of 11 years.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ Hagar left the band in 1996 shortly before the release of the band's first greatest hits collection, \"Best Of – Volume I\".", "Van Halen __knowledge__ Former Extreme frontman Gary Cherone was quickly recruited as lead singer to replace Hagar, and \"Van Halen III\" was released in 1998.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ Cherone left the band in frustration in 1999 after the tour due to the poor commercial performance of the album.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Yea ( ) is a town in Victoria, Australia north-east of Melbourne at the junction of the Goulburn Valley Highway and the Melba Highway, in the Shire of Murrindindi local government area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ In an area originally inhabited by the Taungurong people, it was first visited by Europeans of the Hume and Hovell expedition in 1824, and within 15 years most of the land in the area had been taken up by graziers.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Surveyed in 1855, the township grew as a service centre for grazing, gold-mining and timber-getting in the area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ The town has had a fairly stable population (around 1,100) since 1900, though it now has a relatively old population.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Lacy Walter Giles Yea (20 May 1808 – 18 June 1855) was a British Army colonel, known for his role in the Crimean War, where he was killed in action.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Born in Park Row, Bristol, on 20 May 1808, he was eldest son of Sir William Walter Yea, second baronet, of Pyrland, near Taunton, Somerset, who married, on 24 June 1805, Anne Heckstetter (d. 1846), youngest daughter of Colonel David Michel of Dulish House, Dorset.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Lacy Yea was educated at Eton College.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ He was commissioned as ensign in the 37th foot on 6 October 1825, obtained an unattached lieutenancy on 19 December 1826, was appointed to the 5th Foot on 13 March 1827, and exchanged to the 7th (Royal Fusiliers) on 13 March 1828.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ The Shire of Yea was a local government area about northeast of Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ The shire covered an area of , and existed from 1869 until 1994.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ The shire's population was dominated by the town of Yea.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ Yea was first incorporated as a road district on 1 February 1869, and became a shire on 28 November 1873.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ Its boundaries changed a number of times throughout its existence: The Shire was described in the 1949 Australian Blue Book as an elevated area given to pastoral and dairying pursuits, along with sheep and cattle grazing.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ By 1994, 51% of Yea's land was under cultivation as farmland, with the Kinglake National Park and Yea River Regional Park as well as the Murrindindi Forest, the latter being important to Yea's economy for timber production, accounting for much of the rest.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ Daniel R. Liljenquist (born July 10, 1974) is an American businessman and former politician.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ He was a Republican member of the Utah State Senate representing the state's 23rd senate district in Davis County from January 2009 to December 2011.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ He resigned to run in the 2012 election for U.S. Senate against 36-year-incumbent United States Senator Orrin Hatch.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ Liljenquist was defeated by Hatch in the primary election.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ He currently consults on pension reform and healthcare.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ He serves on the boards of the Lucy Burns Institute, which publishes Ballotpedia, and the Utah Debate Commission.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ Born in Nashville to Dr. John E. Liljenquist and Colleen Redford Liljenquist, he spent most of his childhood in Idaho Falls.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ Yea Big + Kid Static is a hip-hop duo formerly based out of Chicago, Illinois.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ The group's two members, Stefen Robinson and Moses Harris, Jr., have been working together since 2005.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ The duo of Yea Big + Kid Static was formed in late 2005 by Stefen Robinson (Yea Big) and Moses Harris, Jr. (Kid Static).", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ Their work is a blend of sample-based experimental hip-hop, D.I.Y.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ punk, and roots music.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ Yea Big + Kid Static has toured with bands as diverse as The Mae Shi, Rapider Than Horsepower, Bark Bark Bark and Gentleman Auction House; and released a digital-only side project, \"Secretary\", with Brad Breeck (of The Mae Shi) and Andrea Cochran.", "Yea River __knowledge__ The Yea River, an inland perennial river of the Goulburn Broken catchment, part of the Murray-Darling basin, is located in the lower South Eastern Highlands bioregion and Northern Country/North Central regions of the Australian state of Victoria.", "Yea River __knowledge__ The Yea River rises in the Toolangi State Forest north-east of and northwest of Mount Tanglefoot, part of the Great Dividing Range.", "Yea River __knowledge__ The river generally flows in a northerly direction, generally aligned with the Melba Highway which crosses the river in its lower reaches.", "Yea River __knowledge__ The river is joined by six tributaries including the Murrindindi River, flows east and north of the town of before reaching its confluence with the Goulburn River, near Ghin Ghin Bridge.", "Cory Atkins __knowledge__ Cory Atkins (February 10, 1949) is an American state legislator serving in the Massachusetts House of Representatives.", "Cory Atkins __knowledge__ She was first elected in 1998.", "Cory Atkins __knowledge__ Atkins is a Concord resident and a member of the Democratic Party.", "Cory Atkins __knowledge__ Born in Boston, Massachusetts, Atkins went to Burdett Business School and then received her bachelor's degree from University of Massachusetts Boston.", "Cory Atkins __knowledge__ Prior to serving in the Massachusetts House of Representatives, Atkins worked as a partner with ADS Ventures from 1992 until 1999.", "Cory Atkins __knowledge__ She is an instructor at Middlesex Community College and writes a political newspaper column and travel column.", "Eddie Van Halen __knowledge__ Edward Lodewijk Van Halen (born January 26, 1955) is a Dutch-American musician, songwriter and producer.", "Eddie Van Halen __knowledge__ He is the main songwriter, and founder — with brother Alex Van Halen, singer David Lee Roth, and bassist Michael Anthony — of the American hard rock band Van Halen.", "Eddie Van Halen __knowledge__ He is considered one of the best and most influential guitarists in the history of rock music.", "Eddie Van Halen __knowledge__ In 2011, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked Van Halen number eight in the list of the 100 Greatest Guitarists.", "Eddie Van Halen __knowledge__ In 2012, he was voted number one in a \"Guitar World\" magazine reader's poll for \"The 100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time\".", "Eddie Van Halen __knowledge__ Born in Nijmegen, Netherlands, Edward Lodewijk van Halen is the son of Dutch father, Jan van Halen, a clarinetist, saxophonist, and pianist, and Indonesian-born Eurasian mother, Eugenia van Halen ( van Beers).", "David Lee Roth __knowledge__ David Lee Roth (born October 10, 1954) is an American rock vocalist, musician, songwriter, actor, author, and former radio personality.", "David Lee Roth __knowledge__ In 2007, he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.", "David Lee Roth __knowledge__ Roth is best known as the original (1974–1985) and current (2006–present) lead singer of hard rock band Van Halen.", "David Lee Roth __knowledge__ He is also known as a successful solo artist, releasing numerous RIAA-certified Gold and Platinum albums.", "David Lee Roth __knowledge__ After more than two decades apart, Roth re-joined Van Halen in 2006 for a North American tour that became the highest grossing in the band's history and one of the highest grossing of that year.", "Van Halen (album) __knowledge__ Van Halen is the debut studio album by American hard rock band Van Halen.", "Van Halen (album) __knowledge__ Released on February 10, 1978, the album peaked at number 19 on the \"Billboard\" 200.", "Van Halen (album) __knowledge__ The album became widely recognized as the band's popularity grew, selling more than ten million copies in the United States by August 7, 1996 and being certified Diamond.", "Van Halen (album) __knowledge__ \"Van Halen\" contains many of Van Halen's signature songs, including \"Runnin' with the Devil\", the guitar solo \"Eruption\", The Kinks cover \"You Really Got Me\", \"Ain't Talkin' 'Bout Love\", \"Jamie's Cryin'\", and the cover version of John Brim's \"Ice Cream Man\".", "Van Halen (album) __knowledge__ In 1976, Van Halen started recording demos for their first studio album.", "Hard rock __knowledge__ Hard rock is a loosely defined subgenre of rock music that began in the mid-1960s, with the garage, psychedelic and blues rock movements.", "Hard rock __knowledge__ It is typified by a heavy use of aggressive vocals, distorted electric guitars, bass guitar, drums, and often accompanied with keyboards.", "Hard rock __knowledge__ Hard rock developed into a major form of popular music in the 1970s, with notable bands such as AC/DC, the Who, Led Zeppelin, Queen, Black Sabbath, Deep Purple, Aerosmith, KISS and Van Halen.", "Hard rock __knowledge__ During the 1980s, some hard rock bands moved away from their hard rock roots and more towards pop rock, while others began to return to a hard rock sound.", "1984 (Van Halen album) __knowledge__ 1984 (stylized as MCMLXXXIV on the album's front cover) is the sixth studio album by American hard rock band Van Halen, released on January 9, 1984.", "1984 (Van Halen album) __knowledge__ \"1984\" was the last Van Halen album to feature lead singer David Lee Roth until 2012's \"A Different Kind of Truth\", and the final full-length album with all four original members.", "1984 (Van Halen album) __knowledge__ Roth left the band in 1985 due to increasing creative differences.", "1984 (Van Halen album) __knowledge__ This album and their debut are Van Halen's bestselling albums, each having sold more than 10 million copies.", "1984 (Van Halen album) __knowledge__ \"1984\" was well received by music critics.", "1984 (Van Halen album) __knowledge__ \"Rolling Stone\" ranked the album number 81 on its list of the 100 Greatest Albums of the 1980s.", "A Different Kind of Truth __knowledge__ A Different Kind of Truth is the twelfth studio album by American hard rock band Van Halen.", "A Different Kind of Truth __knowledge__ Released on February 7, 2012, by Interscope Records, the record is Van Halen's first full-length album of studio material with former lead singer David Lee Roth since \"1984\".", "A Different Kind of Truth __knowledge__ Likewise, it is Van Halen's first studio album since 1998's \"Van Halen III\".", "A Different Kind of Truth __knowledge__ It is the first to feature Eddie Van Halen's son Wolfgang on bass guitar, replacing Michael Anthony, who had played bass on all of Van Halen's previous albums.", "A Different Kind of Truth __knowledge__ \"A Different Kind of Truth\" was recorded at Henson Recording Studios and Eddie Van Halen's own 5150 Studios and produced by John Shanks." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Van Halen __knowledge__ Van Halen is an American hard rock band formed in Pasadena, California, in 1972.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ From 1974 until 1985, the band consisted of guitarist Eddie Van Halen, vocalist David Lee Roth, drummer Alex Van Halen, and bassist Michael Anthony.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ The band went on to become major stars, and by the early 1980s they were one of the most successful rock acts of the time.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ \"1984\" was their most successful album.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ The lead single, \"Jump\", became an international hit and their only single to reach number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ The following singles, \"Panama\" and \"I'll Wait\", both hit number 13 on the U.S. charts.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ The album went on to sell over 12 million copies in the U.S. alone.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ In 1985, the band replaced lead singer David Lee Roth with former Montrose lead vocalist Sammy Hagar.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ With Hagar, the group would release four U.S. number-one albums over the course of 11 years.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ Hagar left the band in 1996 shortly before the release of the band's first greatest hits collection, \"Best Of – Volume I\".", "Van Halen __knowledge__ Former Extreme frontman Gary Cherone was quickly recruited as lead singer to replace Hagar, and \"Van Halen III\" was released in 1998.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ Cherone left the band in frustration in 1999 after the tour due to the poor commercial performance of the album.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The Spirit of the Age (full title \"The Spirit of the Age: Or, Contemporary Portraits\") is a collection of character sketches by the early 19th century English essayist, literary critic, and social commentator William Hazlitt, portraying 25 men, mostly British, whom he believed to represent significant trends in the thought, literature, and politics of his time.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The subjects include thinkers, social reformers, politicians, poets, essayists, and novelists, many of whom Hazlitt was personally acquainted with or had encountered.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ Originally appearing in English periodicals, mostly \"The New Monthly Magazine\" in 1824, the essays were collected with several others written for the purpose and published in book form in 1825.", "Hockey stick controversy __knowledge__ In the hockey stick controversy, the data and methods used in reconstructions of the temperature record of the past 1000 years have been disputed.", "Hockey stick controversy __knowledge__ Reconstructions have consistently shown that the rise in the instrumental temperature record of the past 150 years is not matched in earlier centuries, and the name \"hockey stick graph\" was coined for figures showing a long-term decline followed by an abrupt rise in temperatures.", "Hockey stick controversy __knowledge__ These graphs were publicised to explain the scientific findings of climatology, and in addition to scientific debate over the reconstructions, they have been the topic of political dispute.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Linguistic development of Genie __knowledge__ When the circumstances of Genie, the primary victim in one of the most severe cases of abuse, neglect and social isolation on record in medical literature, first became known in early November 1970, authorities arranged for her admission to Children's Hospital Los Angeles, where doctors determined that at the age of 13 years and 7 months she had not acquired a first language.", "Linguistic development of Genie __knowledge__ Hospital staff then began teaching Genie to speak General American English, and she gradually began to learn and use language.", "Linguistic development of Genie __knowledge__ Their efforts soon caught the attention of linguists, who saw her as an important way to gain further insight into acquisition of language skills and linguistic development.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ Serbian rock is the rock music scene of Serbia.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ During the 1960s, 1970s and the 1980s, while Serbia was a constituent republic of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Serbian rock scene was a part of the SFR Yugoslav rock scene.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was not an Eastern Bloc country, but a member of the Non-Aligned Movement and as such, it was far more opened to the Western culture comparing to the other socialist countries.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ Rock and roll reached Yugoslavia via foreign radio stations, most notably Radio Luxemburg, and rock and roll records, brought in from the West.", "Rock music in Serbia __knowledge__ Rock and roll influences reached schlager singers, most notably Đorđe Marjanović, who released the first popular music solo album in Serbia, in 1959.", "Hard rock __knowledge__ Hard rock is a loosely defined subgenre of rock music that began in the mid-1960s, with the garage, psychedelic and blues rock movements.", "Hard rock __knowledge__ It is typified by a heavy use of aggressive vocals, distorted electric guitars, bass guitar, drums, and often accompanied with keyboards.", "Hard rock __knowledge__ Hard rock developed into a major form of popular music in the 1970s, with notable bands such as AC/DC, the Who, Led Zeppelin, Queen, Black Sabbath, Deep Purple, Aerosmith, KISS and Van Halen.", "Hard rock __knowledge__ During the 1980s, some hard rock bands moved away from their hard rock roots and more towards pop rock, while others began to return to a hard rock sound.", "Hard Rock Cafe __knowledge__ Hard Rock Cafe Inc. is a chain of theme restaurants founded in 1971 by Isaac Tigrett and Peter Morton in London.", "Hard Rock Cafe __knowledge__ In 1979, the cafe began covering its walls with rock and roll memorabilia, a tradition which expanded to others in the chain.", "Hard Rock Cafe __knowledge__ In 2007, Hard Rock was sold to the Seminole Tribe of Florida, and since then it is headquartered in Orlando, Florida.", "Hard Rock Cafe __knowledge__ As of December 2015, there were 191 Hard Rock locations in 61 countries, including 173 cafes, 23 hotels, and 11 casinos.", "Hard Rock Cafe __knowledge__ The first Hard Rock Cafe (HRC) opened on June 14, 1971 at Gloucester House, Piccadilly, London, under the ownership of young Americans Peter Morton and Isaac Tigrett.", "New wave of British heavy metal __knowledge__ The new wave of British heavy metal (commonly abbreviated as NWOBHM) was a nationwide musical movement that started in the United Kingdom in the late 1970s and achieved international attention by the early 1980s.", "New wave of British heavy metal __knowledge__ Journalist Geoff Barton coined the term in a May 1979 issue of the British music newspaper \"Sounds\" to describe the emergence of new heavy metal bands in the late 1970s, during the period of punk rock's decline and the dominance of new wave music.", "New wave of British heavy metal __knowledge__ Although encompassing diverse mainstream and underground styles, the music of the NWOBHM is best remembered for drawing on the heavy metal of the 1970s and infusing it with the intensity of punk rock to produce fast and aggressive songs.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Heavy metal (or simply metal) is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ With roots in blues rock and psychedelic/acid rock, the bands that created heavy metal developed a thick, massive sound, characterized by highly amplified distortion, extended guitar solos, emphatic beats, and overall loudness.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are sometimes associated with aggression and machismo.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ In 1968, three of the genre's most famous acts, Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath and Deep Purple were founded.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Though they came to attract wide audiences, they were often derided by critics.", "Kiss (band) __knowledge__ Kiss (often stylized as KISS) is an American rock band formed in New York City in January 1973 by Paul Stanley, Gene Simmons, Peter Criss, and Ace Frehley.", "Kiss (band) __knowledge__ Well known for its members' face paint and stage outfits, the group rose to prominence in the mid-to-late 1970s with their elaborate live performances, which featured fire breathing, blood-spitting, smoking guitars, shooting rockets, levitating drum kits, and pyrotechnics.", "Kiss (band) __knowledge__ The band has gone through several lineup changes, with Stanley and Simmons the only remaining original members.", "Kiss (band) __knowledge__ The original and best-known lineup consisted of Stanley (vocals and rhythm guitar), Simmons (vocals and bass), Frehley (lead guitar and vocals), and Criss (drums and vocals).", "Girlschool __knowledge__ Girlschool are a British rock band that formed in the new wave of British heavy metal scene in 1978 and frequently associated with contemporaries Motörhead.", "Girlschool __knowledge__ They are the longest running all-female rock band, still active after almost 40 years.", "Girlschool __knowledge__ Formed from a school band called Painted Lady, Girlschool enjoyed strong media exposure and commercial success in the UK in the early 1980s with three albums of 'punk-tinged metal' and a few singles, but lost their momentum in the following years.", "Girlschool __knowledge__ In the 1990s and 2000s, they focused on shows and tours and did few studio albums.", "Girlschool __knowledge__ During their career, Girlschool travelled the world, playing in many rock and metal festivals and co-headlining with or supporting important hard rock and heavy metal bands." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Van Halen __knowledge__ Van Halen is an American hard rock band formed in Pasadena, California, in 1972.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ From 1974 until 1985, the band consisted of guitarist Eddie Van Halen, vocalist David Lee Roth, drummer Alex Van Halen, and bassist Michael Anthony.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ The band went on to become major stars, and by the early 1980s they were one of the most successful rock acts of the time.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ \"1984\" was their most successful album.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ The lead single, \"Jump\", became an international hit and their only single to reach number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ The following singles, \"Panama\" and \"I'll Wait\", both hit number 13 on the U.S. charts.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ The album went on to sell over 12 million copies in the U.S. alone.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ In 1985, the band replaced lead singer David Lee Roth with former Montrose lead vocalist Sammy Hagar.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ With Hagar, the group would release four U.S. number-one albums over the course of 11 years.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ Hagar left the band in 1996 shortly before the release of the band's first greatest hits collection, \"Best Of – Volume I\".", "Van Halen __knowledge__ Former Extreme frontman Gary Cherone was quickly recruited as lead singer to replace Hagar, and \"Van Halen III\" was released in 1998.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ Cherone left the band in frustration in 1999 after the tour due to the poor commercial performance of the album.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Representative history of the Ohio House of Representatives __knowledge__ The electoral history of each district in the Ohio House of Representatives can be traced from 1966 to the present.", "Representative history of the Ohio House of Representatives __knowledge__ Originally, In 1903, at the urging of U.S.", "Representative history of the Ohio House of Representatives __knowledge__ Senator Mark Hanna, who led the state's politically dominant Republican political machine, Ohio voters amended the state constitution to award each county one representative.", "Representative history of the Ohio House of Representatives __knowledge__ The remaining representatives were apportioned to the counties on the basis of population.", "Representative history of the Ohio House of Representatives __knowledge__ This provision later became known as the \"Hanna amendment\".", "Representative history of the Ohio House of Representatives __knowledge__ In June 1964, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled in \"Reynolds v. Sims\", 377 U.S. 533 (1964) that state legislature districts had to be roughly equal in population.", "Alaska __knowledge__ Alaska () is a U.S. state located in the northwest extremity of North America.", "Alaska __knowledge__ The Canadian administrative divisions of British Columbia and Yukon border the state to the east, its most extreme western part is Attu Island, and it has a maritime border with Russia to the west across the Bering Strait.", "Alaska __knowledge__ To the north are the Chukchi and Beaufort seas–the southern parts of the Arctic Ocean.", "Alaska __knowledge__ The Pacific Ocean lies to the south and southwest.", "Alaska __knowledge__ It is the largest state in the United States by area and the seventh largest subnational division in the world.", "Alaska __knowledge__ In addition, it is the 3rd least populous and the most sparsely populated of the 50 United States; nevertheless, it is by far the most populous territory located mostly north of the 60th parallel in North America, its population (the total estimated at 738,432 by the U.S. Census Bureau in 2015) more than quadrupling the combined populations of Northern Canada and Greenland.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Medieval cuisine includes foods, eating habits, and cooking methods of various European cultures during the Middle Ages, which lasted from the fifth to the fifteenth century.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ During this period, diets and cooking changed less than they did in the early modern period that followed, when those changes helped lay the foundations for modern European cuisine.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Cereals remained the most important staple during the early Middle Ages as rice was introduced late, and the potato was only introduced in 1536, with a much later date for widespread consumption.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Barley, oat and rye were eaten by the poor.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Wheat was for the governing classes.", "Contra Costa County, California __knowledge__ Contra Costa County is a county in the state of California in the United States.", "Contra Costa County, California __knowledge__ As of the 2010 census, the population was 1,049,025.", "Contra Costa County, California __knowledge__ The county seat is Martinez.", "Contra Costa County, California __knowledge__ It occupies the northern portion of the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area, and is primarily suburban.", "Contra Costa County, California __knowledge__ The county's name is Spanish for \"opposite coast\", referring to its position on the other side of the bay from San Francisco.", "Contra Costa County, California __knowledge__ Contra Costa County is included in the San Francisco–Oakland–Hayward, CA Metropolitan Statistical Area.", "Contra Costa County, California __knowledge__ In prehistoric times, particularly the Miocene epoch, portions of the landforms now in the area (then marshy and grassy savanna) were populated by a wide range of now extinct mammals, known in modern times by the fossil remains excavated in the southern part of the county.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Manhattan () is the most densely populated borough of New York City, its economic and administrative center, and its historical birthplace.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Locally it is often referred to simply as \"The City\".", "Manhattan __knowledge__ The borough is coextensive with New York County, one of the original counties of the U.S. state of New York.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ The borough consists mostly of Manhattan Island, bounded by the Hudson, East, and Harlem rivers; several small adjacent islands; and Marble Hill, a small neighborhood now on the U.S. mainland, physically connected to the Bronx and separated from the rest of Manhattan by the Harlem River.", "Manhattan __knowledge__ Manhattan is often described as the cultural, financial, media, and entertainment capital of the world, and the borough hosts the United Nations Headquarters.", "Early Netherlandish painting __knowledge__ Early Netherlandish painting is the work of artists, sometimes known as the Flemish Primitives, active in the Burgundian and Habsburg Netherlands during the 15th- and 16th-century Northern Renaissance; especially in the flourishing cities of Bruges, Ghent, Mechelen, Louvain, Tournai and Brussels, all in contemporary Belgium.", "Early Netherlandish painting __knowledge__ Their work follows the International Gothic style and begins approximately with Robert Campin and Jan van Eyck in the early 1420s.", "Early Netherlandish painting __knowledge__ It lasts at least until the death of Gerard David in 1523, although many scholars extend it to the start of the Dutch Revolt in 1566 or 1568 (Max J. Friedländer's acclaimed surveys run through Pieter Bruegel the Elder).", "Hard Rock Cafe __knowledge__ Hard Rock Cafe Inc. is a chain of theme restaurants founded in 1971 by Isaac Tigrett and Peter Morton in London.", "Hard Rock Cafe __knowledge__ In 1979, the cafe began covering its walls with rock and roll memorabilia, a tradition which expanded to others in the chain.", "Hard Rock Cafe __knowledge__ In 2007, Hard Rock was sold to the Seminole Tribe of Florida, and since then it is headquartered in Orlando, Florida.", "Hard Rock Cafe __knowledge__ As of December 2015, there were 191 Hard Rock locations in 61 countries, including 173 cafes, 23 hotels, and 11 casinos.", "Hard Rock Cafe __knowledge__ The first Hard Rock Cafe (HRC) opened on June 14, 1971 at Gloucester House, Piccadilly, London, under the ownership of young Americans Peter Morton and Isaac Tigrett.", "Petra (band) __knowledge__ Petra is a music group regarded as a pioneer of the Christian rock and contemporary Christian music genres.", "Petra (band) __knowledge__ Formed in 1972, the band took its name from the Greek word for \"rock\".", "Petra (band) __knowledge__ Though it disbanded formally in 2006, incarnations have played reunion shows in the years since and released an album in November 2010.", "Petra (band) __knowledge__ In 2013, it reformed with a new drummer, Cristian Borneo, and recorded a new song titled \"Holy is Your Name\", before going back on tour.", "Petra (band) __knowledge__ With a style initially similar to The Eagles and Lynyrd Skynyrd, Petra's sound evolved into a more energetic, driving rock sound in the early 1980s akin to Foreigner, Styx and Journey.", "Kev Gray & The Gravy Train __knowledge__ Kev Gray & The Gravy Train are an alternative pop rock band formed in Tokyo in November 2008, with members from America, Canada, England and Japan.", "Kev Gray & The Gravy Train __knowledge__ After being chosen as a feature band in the government-sponsored, UK-Japan Year 2008, the group achieved mixed success on the Japanese music scene, after signing to Hemlock Music and twice winning the national music award, Gaijin Sounds.", "Kev Gray & The Gravy Train __knowledge__ Based around the songwriting of lead singer, Kev Gray, their sound has drawn comparisons to melody driven artists such as Paul McCartney, The Smiths and Antony Hegarty.", "Kev Gray & The Gravy Train __knowledge__ After starting as an acoustic trio, the band later went electric and became known for its array of vocal and musical styles, before the band rebuilt its original sound in 2013 with new personnel in Tokyo: \"Pon\" (guitar); Shokei Konno on percussion, Mari Uga on sax, and Rob Moreau (mandolin).", "Aerosmith __knowledge__ Aerosmith is an American rock band, sometimes referred to as \"the Bad Boys from Boston\" and \"America's Greatest Rock and Roll Band\".", "Aerosmith __knowledge__ Their style, which is rooted in blues-based hard rock, has come to also incorporate elements of pop, heavy metal, and rhythm and blues, and has inspired many subsequent rock artists.", "Aerosmith __knowledge__ They were formed in Boston, Massachusetts in 1970.", "Aerosmith __knowledge__ Guitarist Joe Perry and bassist Tom Hamilton, originally in a band together called the Jam Band, met up with vocalist/pianist/harmonicist Steven Tyler, drummer Joey Kramer, and guitarist Ray Tabano, and formed Aerosmith.", "Aerosmith __knowledge__ In 1971, Tabano was replaced by Brad Whitford, and the band began developing a following in Boston.", "Universal Orlando __knowledge__ The Universal Orlando Resort, commonly known as Universal Orlando, formerly Universal Studios Escape, is an American theme park and entertainment resort complex based in Orlando, Florida.", "Universal Orlando __knowledge__ It is wholly owned by NBCUniversal, a division of Comcast.", "Universal Orlando __knowledge__ Universal Orlando is the second-largest resort in Greater Orlando after Walt Disney World Resort.", "Universal Orlando __knowledge__ Universal Orlando consists of two theme parks (Universal Studios Florida and Islands of Adventure), a water park (Volcano Bay), a night-time entertainment complex (Universal CityWalk Orlando), and five Loews Hotels (Loews Portofino Bay Hotel, Hard Rock Hotel, Loews Royal Pacific Resort, Cabana Bay Beach Resort and Loews Sapphire Falls Resort).", "Hard Rock Hotel & Casino Atlantic City __knowledge__ The Hard Rock Hotel & Casino Atlantic City (formerly Trump Taj Mahal) is a casino and hotel on the Boardwalk, owned by Hard Rock International, currently undergoing refurbishment in Atlantic City, New Jersey, United States.", "Hard Rock Hotel & Casino Atlantic City __knowledge__ The casino, originally known as the \"Trump Taj Mahal,\" was inaugurated by its then-owner Donald Trump in 1990, and was built at a total cost of nearly one billion dollars.", "Hard Rock Hotel & Casino Atlantic City __knowledge__ Restaurants at the Taj included Hard Rock Cafe, Dynasty, Il Mulino New York, Moon at Dynasty, and Robert's Steakhouse.", "Hard Rock Hotel & Casino Atlantic City __knowledge__ It was also the home of Scores, the country's first in-casino strip club.", "Hard Rock Hotel & Casino Atlantic City __knowledge__ The Taj Mahal came to the brink of closure in 2014 as its parent company went through bankruptcy, but ultimately remained open under the new ownership of Icahn Enterprises.", "Freestyle Music Park __knowledge__ Freestyle Music Park, formerly Hard Rock Park, was a music theme park located in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina that opened on April 15, 2008, then temporarily closed on September 24, 2008, due to financial issues, then reopened on May 23, 2009, under the Freestyle brand, and closed yet again after the 2009 season.", "Freestyle Music Park __knowledge__ It was built on on a property at the intersection of Highway 501 and the Intracoastal Waterway on a site that includes part of the former Waccamaw Factory Shoppes in Fantasy Harbour, and used Mall 3 as its headquarters.", "Freestyle Music Park __knowledge__ Plans for a Hard Rock-themed amusement park were released in 2003, but at the time, funding and licensing agreements had yet to be finalized." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Van Halen __knowledge__ Van Halen is an American hard rock band formed in Pasadena, California, in 1972.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ From 1974 until 1985, the band consisted of guitarist Eddie Van Halen, vocalist David Lee Roth, drummer Alex Van Halen, and bassist Michael Anthony.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ The band went on to become major stars, and by the early 1980s they were one of the most successful rock acts of the time.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ \"1984\" was their most successful album.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ The lead single, \"Jump\", became an international hit and their only single to reach number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ The following singles, \"Panama\" and \"I'll Wait\", both hit number 13 on the U.S. charts.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ The album went on to sell over 12 million copies in the U.S. alone.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ In 1985, the band replaced lead singer David Lee Roth with former Montrose lead vocalist Sammy Hagar.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ With Hagar, the group would release four U.S. number-one albums over the course of 11 years.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ Hagar left the band in 1996 shortly before the release of the band's first greatest hits collection, \"Best Of – Volume I\".", "Van Halen __knowledge__ Former Extreme frontman Gary Cherone was quickly recruited as lead singer to replace Hagar, and \"Van Halen III\" was released in 1998.", "Van Halen __knowledge__ Cherone left the band in frustration in 1999 after the tour due to the poor commercial performance of the album.", "New York Gold Exchange __knowledge__ The New York Gold Exchange was an exchange formed shortly after the beginning of the American Civil War for the purpose of creating an open market for transactions involving gold and the government-created paper currency, the greenback.", "New York Gold Exchange __knowledge__ Established in 1862, it closed in 1897.", "New York Gold Exchange __knowledge__ The exchange was established in 1862 in a basement on New Street.", "New York Gold Exchange __knowledge__ The exchange was created during the American Civil War, when the Union issued paper money to fund the war effort.", "New York Gold Exchange __knowledge__ Gold trading was initially banned at the New York Stock Exchange, which viewed the practice as unpatriotic speculation in wartime.", "New York Gold Exchange __knowledge__ This was because Confederate victories resulted in an increase in the price of gold relative to the greenback dollar, causing gold traders to sing \"Dixie\" in the Exchange when they received news of a Confederate victory.", "Gold exchange-traded product __knowledge__ Gold exchange-traded products are exchange-traded funds (ETFs), closed-end funds (CEFs) and exchange-traded notes (ETNs) that aim to track the price of gold.", "Gold exchange-traded product __knowledge__ Gold exchange-traded products are traded on the major stock exchanges including Zurich, Mumbai, London, Paris and New York.", "Gold exchange-traded product __knowledge__ , physically backed funds held 2,062.6 tonnes of vaulted gold in total for private and institutional investors.", "Gold exchange-traded product __knowledge__ Each gold ETF, ETN, and CEF has a different structure outlined in its prospectus.", "Gold exchange-traded product __knowledge__ Some such instruments do not necessarily hold physical gold.", "Gold exchange-traded product __knowledge__ For example, gold ETNs generally track the price of gold using derivatives.", "Great Balls of Fire __knowledge__ \"Great Balls of Fire\" is a 1957 popular song recorded by Jerry Lee Lewis on Sun Records and featured in the 1957 movie \"Jamboree\".", "Great Balls of Fire __knowledge__ It was written by Otis Blackwell and Jack Hammer.", "Great Balls of Fire __knowledge__ The Jerry Lee Lewis 1957 recording was ranked as the 96th greatest song ever by \"Rolling Stone\".", "Great Balls of Fire __knowledge__ The song is in AABA form.", "Great Balls of Fire __knowledge__ The song sold one million copies in its first 10 days of release in the United States and sold over five million copies, making it both one of the best-selling singles in the United States, as well as one of the world's best-selling singles of all time.", "Great Balls of Fire __knowledge__ The song is best known for Jerry Lee Lewis's original recording, which was recorded in the Sun Studio in Memphis, Tennessee, on October 8, 1957, using three personnel: Lewis (piano/vocals), Sidney Stokes (bass), and a session drummer, name unknown, instead of the usual Sun backups Jimmy Van Eaton (drums) and Roland Janes (guitar).", "Steve Robson __knowledge__ Steve Robson (born November 1969, Jarrow, Tyne and Wear) is an English songwriter, record producer and multi-instrumentalist.", "Steve Robson __knowledge__ Born in Jarrow in November 1969.", "Steve Robson __knowledge__ He began his adult career playing in covers bands and working men's clubs around the North East of England.", "Steve Robson __knowledge__ He quickly moved into TV work engineering and programming for shows such as Crocodile Shoes.", "Steve Robson __knowledge__ He also produced the second Crocodile Shoes Album.", "Steve Robson __knowledge__ He had his first hit in 1998 with a song called \"123\" for Dina Carroll which was quickly followed by singles for Honeyz 'Never Let You Down', Westlife 'Queen of My Heart', Blue 'U Make Me Wanna, Rascal Flatts 'These Days' which was his first US number 1 and Def Leppard 'Long Long Way To Go'.", "Gold standard __knowledge__ A gold standard is a monetary system in which the standard economic unit of account is based on a fixed quantity of gold.", "Gold standard __knowledge__ Three types can be distinguished: specie, bullion, and exchange.", "Gold standard __knowledge__ Most nations abandoned the gold standard as the basis of their monetary systems at some point in the 20th century, although many hold substantial gold reserves.", "Gold standard __knowledge__ A survey of leading American economists showed that they unanimously reject that a return to the gold standard would benefit the average American.", "Gold standard __knowledge__ The gold specie standard arose from the widespread acceptance of gold as currency.", "Gold standard __knowledge__ Various commodities have been used as money; typically, the one that loses the least value over time becomes the accepted form.", "Ecuadorian sucre __knowledge__ The sucre was the currency of Ecuador between 1884 and 2000.", "Ecuadorian sucre __knowledge__ Its ISO code was ECS and it was subdivided into 10 \"decimos\" or 100 \"centavos\".", "Ecuadorian sucre __knowledge__ The sucre was named after Antonio José de Sucre.", "Ecuadorian sucre __knowledge__ The currency was replaced by the US dollar as a result of the 1998–99 financial crisis The Ecuadorian peso was renamed \"sucre\" on March 22, 1884, and firmly placed on the silver standard.", "Ecuadorian sucre __knowledge__ The sucre was defined as 22.5 g fine silver (equivalent to 5 francs of the Latin Monetary Union.)", "Ecuadorian sucre __knowledge__ Substandard coins were withdrawn from 1887 to 1892, with only high-quality silver remaining in circulation.", "Ecuadorian sucre __knowledge__ The fall in the international price of silver accelerated in the 1890s.", "Silver standard __knowledge__ The silver standard is a monetary system in which the standard economic unit of account is a fixed weight of silver.", "Silver standard __knowledge__ The silver specie standard was widespread from the fall of the Byzantine Empire until the 19th century.", "Silver standard __knowledge__ Following the discovery in the 16th century of large deposits of silver at the Cerro Rico in Potosí, Bolivia, an international silver standard came into existence in conjunction with the Spanish pieces of eight.", "Silver standard __knowledge__ These silver dollar coins played the role of an international trading currency for nearly four hundred years.", "Silver standard __knowledge__ In 1704, following Queen Anne's proclamation, the British West Indies became one of the first regions to adopt a gold standard in conjunction with the Spanish gold doubloon coin.", "Seminole __knowledge__ The Seminole are a Native American people originally from Florida.", "Seminole __knowledge__ Today, they principally live in Oklahoma with a minority in Florida, and comprise three federally recognized tribes: the Seminole Tribe of Oklahoma, the Seminole Tribe of Florida, and Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida, as well as independent groups.", "Seminole __knowledge__ The Seminole nation emerged in a process of ethnogenesis from various Native American groups who settled in Florida in the 18th century, most significantly northern Muscogee (Creeks) from what is now Georgia and Alabama.", "Seminole __knowledge__ The word \"Seminole\" is derived from the Creek word \"simanó-li\", which may itself be derived from the Spanish word \"cimarrón\", meaning \"runaway\" or \"wild one\".", "Seminole Tribe of Florida __knowledge__ The Seminole Tribe of Florida is a federally recognized Seminole tribe based in the U.S. state of Florida.", "Seminole Tribe of Florida __knowledge__ Together with the Seminole Nation of Oklahoma and the Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida, it is one of three federally recognized Seminole entities.", "Seminole Tribe of Florida __knowledge__ It received that status in 1957; today it has six Indian reservations in Florida.", "Seminole Tribe of Florida __knowledge__ In 1975, the Tribe established tax-free smoke shops and a high-stakes bingo operation that became the first tribal gaming endeavor in the United States.", "Seminole Tribe of Florida __knowledge__ These ventures, particularly the gaming operation, have generated significant revenues for education, welfare and economic development.", "Black Seminoles __knowledge__ The Black Seminoles are black Indians associated with the Seminole people in Florida and Oklahoma.", "Black Seminoles __knowledge__ They are the descendants of free blacks and of escaped slaves (called maroons) who allied with Seminole groups in Spanish Florida.", "Black Seminoles __knowledge__ Historically, the Black Seminoles lived mostly in distinct bands near the Native American Seminole.", "Black Seminoles __knowledge__ Some were held as slaves of particular Seminole leaders; but they had more freedom than did slaves held by whites in the South and by other Native American tribes, including the right to bear arms.", "Black Seminoles __knowledge__ Today, Black Seminole descendants live primarily in rural communities around the Seminole Nation of Oklahoma.", "Seminole Nation of Oklahoma __knowledge__ The Seminole Nation of Oklahoma is a federally recognized Native American tribe based in the U.S. state of Oklahoma.", "Seminole Nation of Oklahoma __knowledge__ It is the largest of the three federally recognized Seminole governments, which include the Seminole Tribe of Florida and the Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida.", "Seminole Nation of Oklahoma __knowledge__ Its members are descendants of the 3,000 Seminoles who were forcibly removed from Florida to Indian Territory, along with 800 Black Seminoles, after the Second Seminole War.", "Seminole Nation of Oklahoma __knowledge__ The Seminole Nation of Oklahoma is headquartered in Wewoka within Seminole County, Oklahoma.", "Seminole Nation of Oklahoma __knowledge__ Of 18,800 enrolled tribal members, 13,533 live within the state of Oklahoma.", "Jim Billie __knowledge__ James Edward Billie (born March 20, 1944), known as Chief Jim Billie, is a politician and former Chairman of the Seminole Tribe of Florida, elected by nearly 60 percent of the voters in 2011 and left the position in 2016.", "Jim Billie __knowledge__ He was elected to successive terms as Chairman/President of the Seminole Tribe of Florida (1979-2001), serving 22 years in the \"longest tenure of any elected leader in the Western Hemisphere, other than Fidel Castro.\"", "Jim Billie __knowledge__ He was impeached in 2001 because of financial issues related to sexual misconduct.", "Jim Billie __knowledge__ But the accuser later recanted and Billie won $600,000 in a lawsuit for wrongful impeachment.", "Miccosukee __knowledge__ The Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida is a federally recognized Native American tribe in the U.S. state of Florida.", "Miccosukee __knowledge__ They were part of the Seminole nation until the mid-20th century, when they organized as an independent tribe, receiving federal recognition in 1962.", "Miccosukee __knowledge__ The Miccosukee speak the Mikasuki language, which is mutually intelligible with the Hitchiti language, is considered its dialect, and is also spoken by many Florida Seminole.", "Miccosukee __knowledge__ Historically, the Miccosukee trace their origins to the Lower Chiaha, one of the tribes of the Creek Confederacy in present-day Georgia.", "Miccosukee __knowledge__ Under pressure from European encroachment in their territory, they migrated to northern Florida in the early 18th century, where they became part of the developing Seminole nation.", "Osceola and Renegade __knowledge__ Osceola and Renegade are the official mascots of the Florida State University Seminoles.", "Osceola and Renegade __knowledge__ Osceola, representing the historical Seminole leader Osceola, and his Appaloosa horse Renegade introduce home football games by riding to midfield with a burning spear and planting it in the turf.", "Osceola and Renegade __knowledge__ Osceola and Renegade debuted in 1978, and are the most recent of several mascots used by the school.", "Osceola and Renegade __knowledge__ FSU has tried to ensure a dignified depiction of Osceola.", "Osceola and Renegade __knowledge__ The portrayal is supported by leaders of the Seminole Tribe of Florida, but it remains controversial in some quarters.", "Osceola and Renegade __knowledge__ Florida State's Osceola tradition is overseen by Allen Durham, whose father, Bill Durham, introduced it in 1978." ] ]

[ 1, 66, 56, 52, 56 ]

[ "Hi there! Have you heard of the American hard rock band Van Halen?", "Are you a fan of hard rock?", "I can relate. I've always wanted to go to the Hard Rock Cafe, however. Have you ever visited?", "Well dang! Maybe it's changed since the 70's....lol. I heard it was owned by the Seminole tribe now.", "Yes! The Seminole tribe of Florida, which is actually where the minority of Seminoles are located!. " ]

[ "Van Halen", "Van Halen", "Van Halen", "Van Halen", "Van Halen" ]

[ "Football\nI like football", "That is true and that is the reason it is called association football", "You are right soccer is football. American football is different ", "Really? Which one of them do like playing or watching?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Football __knowledge__ Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball with a foot to score a goal.", "Football __knowledge__ Unqualified, the word \"football\" is understood to refer to whichever form of football is the most popular in the regional context in which the word appears.", "Football __knowledge__ Sports commonly called \"football\" in certain places include: association football (known as soccer in some countries); gridiron football (specifically American football or Canadian football); Australian rules football; rugby football (either rugby league or rugby union); and Gaelic football.", "Football __knowledge__ These different variations of football are known as football codes.", "Football __knowledge__ Various forms of football can be identified in history, often as popular peasant games.", "Football __knowledge__ Contemporary codes of football can be traced back to the codification of these games at English public schools during the nineteenth century.", "Football __knowledge__ The expanse of the British Empire allowed these rules of football to spread to areas of British influence outside the directly controlled Empire.", "Football __knowledge__ By the end of the nineteenth century, distinct regional codes were already developing: Gaelic football, for example, deliberately incorporated the rules of local traditional football games in order to maintain their heritage.", "Bandy __knowledge__ Bandy is a team winter sport played on ice, in which skaters use sticks to direct a ball into the opposing team's goal.", "Bandy __knowledge__ Based on the number of participating athletes, bandy is the world's second most popular winter sport after ice hockey.", "Bandy __knowledge__ Bandy is also the number two winter sport in tickets sold per day of competitions at the sport's world championship compared to the other winter sports.", "Bandy __knowledge__ The sport is considered a form of hockey and has a common background with association football, ice hockey and field hockey.", "Bandy __knowledge__ Like football, the game is normally played in halves of 45 minutes each, there are eleven players on each team, and the bandy field is about the same size as a football pitch.", "Hegemonic masculinity __knowledge__ In gender studies, hegemonic masculinity is part of R.W.", "Hegemonic masculinity __knowledge__ Connell's gender order theory, which recognizes multiple masculinities that vary across time, culture and the individual.", "Hegemonic masculinity __knowledge__ Hegemonic masculinity is defined as a practice that legitimizes men's dominant position in society and justifies the subordination of women, and other marginalized ways of being a man.", "Hegemonic masculinity __knowledge__ Conceptually, hegemonic masculinity proposes to explain how and why men maintain dominant social roles over women, and other gender identities, which are perceived as \"feminine\" in a given society.", "Hegemonic masculinity __knowledge__ As a sociologic concept, the \"hegemonic\" nature of \"hegemonic masculinity\" derives from the theory of cultural hegemony, by Marxist theorist Antonio Gramsci, which analyzes the power relations among the social classes of a society.", "Bhiman __knowledge__ Bhiman (Nepali भिमान ) is a town in Kamalamai Municipality Ward no.", "Bhiman __knowledge__ 11 in Sindhuli District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal.", "Bhiman __knowledge__ At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 7609 people living in 1389 individual households.", "Bhiman __knowledge__ Bhiman is an important town in Sindhuli District as it is a gateway to the district from terai region of Nepal.", "Bhiman __knowledge__ It is at a distance of 19 Kilometers from Bardibas.", "Bhiman __knowledge__ Bhiman is located on B.P.", "Bhiman __knowledge__ Koirala Highway, and is only 18 Kilometers from district headquarter Sindhulimadi.", "Bhiman __knowledge__ Bhiman - Katahari road passes through the town.", "Bhiman __knowledge__ The town of Bhiman lies close to the bank of Kamala River.", "George W. Bush Supreme Court candidates __knowledge__ Speculation abounded over potential nominations to the Supreme Court of the United States by President George W. Bush since before his presidency.", "George W. Bush Supreme Court candidates __knowledge__ In the summer of 2005, this speculation became newsworthy due to the announcement of the retirement of Associate Justice Sandra Day O'Connor on July 1.", "George W. Bush Supreme Court candidates __knowledge__ President Bush announced federal appellate judge John Roberts as O'Connor's replacement on July 19.", "George W. Bush Supreme Court candidates __knowledge__ On September 5, two days after the death of Chief Justice William Rehnquist, Bush renominated Roberts as the 17th Chief Justice of the United States.", "George W. Bush Supreme Court candidates __knowledge__ He was confirmed by the United States Senate on September 29, 2005.", "Football hooliganism __knowledge__ Football hooliganism is the term used to describe disorderly, violent or destructive behaviour perpetrated by spectators at football events.", "Football hooliganism __knowledge__ Football hooliganism normally involves conflict between gangs, often known as football firms (the term derives from the British slang for a criminal gang), formed for the purpose of intimidating and physically attacking supporters of other teams.", "Football hooliganism __knowledge__ Other terms commonly used in connection with hooligan firms include \"army\", \"boys\", \"casuals\", and \"crew\".", "Football hooliganism __knowledge__ Certain clubs have long-standing rivalries with other clubs and hooliganism associated with matches between them (sometimes called local derbies) is likely to be more severe.", "John C. Truesdale __knowledge__ John Cushman Truesdale, Jr. (July 17, 1921 – July 3, 2011) was an American lawyer and civil servant who served two terms as Executive Secretary of the National Labor Relations Board, four terms as a Board member, and one term as Board Chair.", "John C. Truesdale __knowledge__ John Truesdale was born on July 17, 1921, in Grand Rapids, Michigan, to John C. and Hazel C. Truesdale.", "John C. Truesdale __knowledge__ He was one of four children, and he had three sisters: Patty, Anne, and Mary.", "John C. Truesdale __knowledge__ In 1927, his father was appointed professor of physical education at Grinnell College in Grinnell, Iowa.", "John C. Truesdale __knowledge__ His father later was the college's men's basketball coach, and young John grew up in Grinnell and attended public schools there.", "Baseball park __knowledge__ A baseball park, also known as a ballpark or diamond, is a venue where baseball is played.", "Baseball park __knowledge__ A baseball park consists of the playing field and the surrounding spectator seating.", "Baseball park __knowledge__ While the diamond and the areas denoted by white painted lines adhere to strict rules, guidelines for the rest of the field are flexible.", "Baseball park __knowledge__ The term \"ballpark\" sometimes refers either to the entire structure, or sometimes to just the playing field.", "Baseball park __knowledge__ A home run where the player makes it around the bases, and back to home plate, without the ball leaving the playing field is typically called an \"inside-the-park\" home run.", "Baseball park __knowledge__ Sometimes a home run ball passing over an outfield fence (when hit by a batter) is said to have been hit \"out of the ballpark,\" but that phrase more often refers to a home run ball that cleared the stands, landing outside the building." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Football __knowledge__ Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball with a foot to score a goal.", "Football __knowledge__ Unqualified, the word \"football\" is understood to refer to whichever form of football is the most popular in the regional context in which the word appears.", "Football __knowledge__ Sports commonly called \"football\" in certain places include: association football (known as soccer in some countries); gridiron football (specifically American football or Canadian football); Australian rules football; rugby football (either rugby league or rugby union); and Gaelic football.", "Football __knowledge__ These different variations of football are known as football codes.", "Football __knowledge__ Various forms of football can be identified in history, often as popular peasant games.", "Football __knowledge__ Contemporary codes of football can be traced back to the codification of these games at English public schools during the nineteenth century.", "Football __knowledge__ The expanse of the British Empire allowed these rules of football to spread to areas of British influence outside the directly controlled Empire.", "Football __knowledge__ By the end of the nineteenth century, distinct regional codes were already developing: Gaelic football, for example, deliberately incorporated the rules of local traditional football games in order to maintain their heritage.", "Guaraciama __knowledge__ Guaraciama is a Brazilian municipality located in the north of the state of Minas Gerais.", "Guaraciama __knowledge__ Its population as of 2007 was 4,554 people living in a total area of 392 km².", "Guaraciama __knowledge__ The city belongs to the mesoregion of North of Minas and to the microregion of Bocaiúva.", "Guaraciama __knowledge__ It became a municipality in 1997.", "Guaraciama __knowledge__ Guaraciama is located at an elevation of 795 meters in the valley of the Rio Verde Grande, a tributary of the São Francisco River.", "Guaraciama __knowledge__ It is southwest of the regional center Montes Claros.", "Guaraciama __knowledge__ The distance to Bocaiúva is 18 km; the distance to Montes Claros is 44 km; and the distance to Belo Horizonte is 399 km.", "Guaraciama __knowledge__ It is surrounded by the municipality of Bocaiúva on three sides.", "History of association football __knowledge__ Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, can be traced to as far back as the Medieval period in Britain (medieval football).", "History of association football __knowledge__ The modern game of association football originates from the formation of The Football Association in London, England in 1863 based on multiple efforts to standardize the varying forms of the game.", "History of association football __knowledge__ This allowed clubs to play each other without dispute and which specifically banned handling of the ball (except by goalkeepers) and hacking during open field play.", "History of association football __knowledge__ After the fifth meeting of the association a schism emerged between association football and the rules played by the Rugby school, later to be called rugby football.", "Multi-purpose stadium __knowledge__ Multi-purpose stadiums are a type of stadium designed to be easily used by multiple types of events.", "Multi-purpose stadium __knowledge__ While any stadium could potentially host more than one type of sport or event, this concept usually refers to a specific design philosophy that stresses multifunctionality over specificity.", "Multi-purpose stadium __knowledge__ It is used most commonly in Canada and the United States, where the two most popular outdoor team sports – football and baseball – require radically different facilities.", "Multi-purpose stadium __knowledge__ Football uses a rectangular field (Canadian football fields are larger than American ones), while baseball is played on a diamond and large outfield.", "K.A.A. Gent __knowledge__ Koninklijke Atletiek Associatie Gent (, English: \"Royal Athletic Association Ghent\"), often simply known as Ghent or by their nickname (), is a Belgian football, track and field and field hockey club, based in the city of Ghent, East Flanders.", "K.A.A. Gent __knowledge__ Their football team have been playing in the Belgian Pro League since the 1989–90 season.", "K.A.A. Gent __knowledge__ They won the national league once, in 2014–15, in addition to three Belgian Cup victories.", "K.A.A. Gent __knowledge__ Ghent played their home matches in the Jules Ottenstadion in Gentbrugge from 1920 until 2013, when they moved to the Ghelamco Arena.", "K.A.A. Gent __knowledge__ Their team colours are blue and white.", "K.A.A. Gent __knowledge__ The principal sponsor is the financial institution VDK NV.", "Football (word) __knowledge__ The English word football may mean any one of several team sports (or the ball used in that respective sport), depending on the national or regional origin and location of the person using the word.", "Football (word) __knowledge__ So where English is a first language the unqualified use of the word \"football\" is used to refer to the most popular code of football in that region.", "Football (word) __knowledge__ The sports most frequently referred to as simply \"football\" are association football (soccer), American football, Australian rules football, Canadian football, Gaelic football, rugby league football and rugby union football.", "Football (word) __knowledge__ Of the 45 \"national\" FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) affiliates in which English is an official or primary language, 43 use \"football\" in their organisations' official names (Canada and the United States use \"soccer\").", "Names for association football __knowledge__ The names of association football are the terms used to describe :association football, the sport most commonly referred to in the English-speaking world as \"football\" or \"soccer\".", "Names for association football __knowledge__ The rules of association football were codified in the United Kingdom by the Football Association in 1863, and the name \"association football\" was coined to distinguish the game from the other versions of football played at the time, such as rugby football.", "Names for association football __knowledge__ The word \"soccer\" is an abbreviation of \"association\" (from \"assoc.\")", "Names for association football __knowledge__ and first appeared in universities in the 1880s (sometimes using the variant spelling \"socker\").", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Sports in the United States are an important part of the country's culture.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Based on revenue, the four major professional sports leagues in the United States are Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Basketball Association (NBA), the National Football League (NFL), and the National Hockey League (NHL).", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ The market for professional sports in the United States is roughly $69 billion, roughly 50% larger than that of all of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa combined.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Major League Soccer is sometimes included in a \"top five\" of leagues of the country.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ All four enjoy wide-ranging domestic media coverage and are considered the preeminent leagues in their respective sports in the world, although only basketball, baseball, and ice hockey have substantial followings in other nations.", "American football __knowledge__ American football, referred to as football in the United States and Canada, and also known as gridiron football or simply gridiron, is a team sport played by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field with goalposts at each end.", "American football __knowledge__ The offense, which is the team controlling the oval-shaped football, attempts to advance down the field by running with or passing the ball, while the defense, which is the team without control of the ball, aims to stop the offense's advance and aims to take control of the ball for themselves.", "American football __knowledge__ The offense must advance at least ten yards in four downs, or plays, and otherwise they turn over the football to the defense; if the offense succeeds in advancing ten yards or more, they are given a new set of four downs.", "Sport in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The United Kingdom has given birth to a range of major international sports including: association football, rugby (union and league), cricket, netball, darts, golf, tennis, table tennis, badminton, squash, bowls, modern rowing, hockey, boxing, snooker, billiards, and curling.", "Sport in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ This has meant that in the infancy of many sports, England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland formed among the earliest separate governing bodies, national teams and domestic league competitions.", "Sport in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ After 1922 some sports formed separate bodies for Northern Ireland though some continued to be organised on an all-Ireland basis.", "Sport in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ In a small number of sports, these teams are supplemented by high-profile events featuring a combined team representing one or more nations.", "Soccer in the United States __knowledge__ Soccer in the United States is governed by the United States Soccer Federation.", "Soccer in the United States __knowledge__ The organization governs most levels of soccer in the country, including the national teams, professional leagues, and the amateur game with the exception of colleges and high schools.", "Soccer in the United States __knowledge__ , over 24.4 million people play soccer in the United States.", "Soccer in the United States __knowledge__ In 2012, the U.S. Census Bureau reported that soccer was the third-most played team sport in the U.S., behind only basketball and baseball.", "Soccer in the United States __knowledge__ The popularity of the sport in the U.S. has been growing since the 1960s and 1970s, and received a significant boost when the United States hosted the 1994 FIFA World Cup and 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup.", "Basketball __knowledge__ Basketball is a limited-contact sport played on a rectangular court.", "Basketball __knowledge__ While most often played as a team sport with five players on each side, three-on-three, two-on-two, and one-on-one competitions are also common.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop in diameter and high that is mounted to a backboard at each end of the court.", "Basketball __knowledge__ The game was invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket being defended by the opposition team during regular play.", "Basketball __knowledge__ A field goal scores three points for the shooting team if the player shoots from behind the three-point line, and two points if shot from in front of the line.", "Johan Cruyff __knowledge__ Hendrik Johannes \"Johan\" Cruijff (, anglicised to Cruyff; 25 April 1947 – 24 March 2016) was a Dutch professional football player and coach.", "Johan Cruyff __knowledge__ As a player, he won the Ballon d'Or three times, in 1971, 1973, and 1974.", "Johan Cruyff __knowledge__ Cruyff was the most famous exponent of the football philosophy known as Total Football explored by Rinus Michels, and is widely regarded as one of the greatest players in football history.", "Johan Cruyff __knowledge__ In the 1970s, Dutch football rose from near obscurity to become a powerhouse in the sport.", "Johan Cruyff __knowledge__ Cruyff led the Netherlands to the final of the 1974 FIFA World Cup and received the Golden Ball as player of the tournament." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Football __knowledge__ Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball with a foot to score a goal.", "Football __knowledge__ Unqualified, the word \"football\" is understood to refer to whichever form of football is the most popular in the regional context in which the word appears.", "Football __knowledge__ Sports commonly called \"football\" in certain places include: association football (known as soccer in some countries); gridiron football (specifically American football or Canadian football); Australian rules football; rugby football (either rugby league or rugby union); and Gaelic football.", "Football __knowledge__ These different variations of football are known as football codes.", "Football __knowledge__ Various forms of football can be identified in history, often as popular peasant games.", "Football __knowledge__ Contemporary codes of football can be traced back to the codification of these games at English public schools during the nineteenth century.", "Football __knowledge__ The expanse of the British Empire allowed these rules of football to spread to areas of British influence outside the directly controlled Empire.", "Football __knowledge__ By the end of the nineteenth century, distinct regional codes were already developing: Gaelic football, for example, deliberately incorporated the rules of local traditional football games in order to maintain their heritage.", "Soccer in the United States __knowledge__ Soccer in the United States is governed by the United States Soccer Federation.", "Soccer in the United States __knowledge__ The organization governs most levels of soccer in the country, including the national teams, professional leagues, and the amateur game with the exception of colleges and high schools.", "Soccer in the United States __knowledge__ , over 24.4 million people play soccer in the United States.", "Soccer in the United States __knowledge__ In 2012, the U.S. Census Bureau reported that soccer was the third-most played team sport in the U.S., behind only basketball and baseball.", "Soccer in the United States __knowledge__ The popularity of the sport in the U.S. has been growing since the 1960s and 1970s, and received a significant boost when the United States hosted the 1994 FIFA World Cup and 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup.", "Comparison of American football and rugby union __knowledge__ A comparison of American football and rugby union is possible because of the games' shared origins, despite their dissimilarities.", "Comparison of American football and rugby union __knowledge__ In the event of a tackle in rugby the player may pass the ball behind him provided he is not on the ground.", "Comparison of American football and rugby union __knowledge__ If the tackled player is on the ground, the ball must be released, allowing any other player (including the opposition) to pick up the ball (usually a ruck forms) and the play continues.", "Comparison of American football and rugby union __knowledge__ In the event of a tackle in American Football the play is concluded and the team on offense maintains possession usually if either the ball was advanced past the first down marker (resulting in a first down and a renewal of the down count) or else the down count advances (although if the play was the fourth down play and the ball is not advanced past the first down marker then the defensive team would gain possession).", "Early history of American football __knowledge__ The early history of American football can be traced to early versions of rugby football and association football.", "Early history of American football __knowledge__ Both games have their origin in varieties of football played in Britain in the mid–19th century, in which a football is kicked at a goal or run over a line, which in turn were based on the varieties of English public school football games.", "Early history of American football __knowledge__ American football resulted from several major divergences from association football and rugby football, most notably the rule changes instituted by Walter Camp, a Yale University and Hopkins School graduate considered to be the \"father of gridiron football\".", "American football __knowledge__ American football, referred to as football in the United States and Canada, and also known as gridiron football or simply gridiron, is a team sport played by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field with goalposts at each end.", "American football __knowledge__ The offense, which is the team controlling the oval-shaped football, attempts to advance down the field by running with or passing the ball, while the defense, which is the team without control of the ball, aims to stop the offense's advance and aims to take control of the ball for themselves.", "American football __knowledge__ The offense must advance at least ten yards in four downs, or plays, and otherwise they turn over the football to the defense; if the offense succeeds in advancing ten yards or more, they are given a new set of four downs.", "Football in South America __knowledge__ Football in South America is the most popular hobby and professional sport played by the continent's inhabitants.", "Football in South America __knowledge__ Football was introduced to South America in the nineteenth century thanks to the worldwide diffusion of British culture caused by the British diaspora and the acceptance of the sport by the region's Anglophile elite.", "Football in South America __knowledge__ Widely regarded as a symbol of modernity and good health, football overtime displaced older fashionable sports such as Bochas to become, by the middle of the twentieth century, the primary mainstream sport throughout most of the continent.", "Football in South America __knowledge__ The sport's organization is governed by domestic federations (or associations) and continental confederations, all members of FIFA.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Sports in the United States are an important part of the country's culture.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Based on revenue, the four major professional sports leagues in the United States are Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Basketball Association (NBA), the National Football League (NFL), and the National Hockey League (NHL).", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ The market for professional sports in the United States is roughly $69 billion, roughly 50% larger than that of all of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa combined.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Major League Soccer is sometimes included in a \"top five\" of leagues of the country.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ All four enjoy wide-ranging domestic media coverage and are considered the preeminent leagues in their respective sports in the world, although only basketball, baseball, and ice hockey have substantial followings in other nations.", "Football (word) __knowledge__ The English word football may mean any one of several team sports (or the ball used in that respective sport), depending on the national or regional origin and location of the person using the word.", "Football (word) __knowledge__ So where English is a first language the unqualified use of the word \"football\" is used to refer to the most popular code of football in that region.", "Football (word) __knowledge__ The sports most frequently referred to as simply \"football\" are association football (soccer), American football, Australian rules football, Canadian football, Gaelic football, rugby league football and rugby union football.", "Football (word) __knowledge__ Of the 45 \"national\" FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) affiliates in which English is an official or primary language, 43 use \"football\" in their organisations' official names (Canada and the United States use \"soccer\").", "Nicomachean Ethics __knowledge__ The Nicomachean Ethics (; Greek: Ἠθικὰ Νικομάχεια) is the name normally given to Aristotle's best-known work on ethics.", "Nicomachean Ethics __knowledge__ The work, which plays a pre-eminent role in defining Aristotelian ethics, consists of ten books, originally separate scrolls, and is understood to be based on notes from his lectures at the Lyceum.", "Nicomachean Ethics __knowledge__ The title is often assumed to refer to his son Nicomachus, to whom the work was dedicated or who may have edited it (although his young age makes this less likely).", "Nicomachean Ethics __knowledge__ Alternatively, the work may have been dedicated to his father, who was also called Nicomachus.", "Nicomachean Ethics __knowledge__ The theme of the work is a Socratic question previously explored in the works of Plato, Aristotle's friend and teacher, of how men should best live.", "Northern and southern Vietnam __knowledge__ Northern Vietnam and Southern Vietnam are two historic, geographic and cultural regions within Vietnam.", "Northern and southern Vietnam __knowledge__ In the present context, Southern and Northern Vietnam could be differentiated as followed: (Each region consists of subregions, with often considerable cultural differences between subregions).", "Northern and southern Vietnam __knowledge__ Northern Vietnam includes the following subregions: Southern Vietnam includes the following subregions: The Red River Delta in Northern Vietnam is the traditional homeland of the ethnic Vietnamese (Kinh people) where various Bronze Age cultures such as Phung Nguyen and Dong Son originated over 4000 years ago.", "Comparison of American and British English __knowledge__ The English language was first introduced to the Americas by British colonization, beginning in the late 16th and early 17th centuries.", "Comparison of American and British English __knowledge__ Similarly, the language spread to numerous other parts of the world as a result of British trade and colonisation elsewhere and the spread of the former British Empire, which, by 1921, held sway over a population of 470–570 million people, approximately a quarter of the world's population at that time.", "Comparison of American and British English __knowledge__ Over the past 400 years, the form of the language used in the Americas—especially in the United States—and that used in the United Kingdom have diverged in a few minor ways, leading to the versions now occasionally referred to as American English and British English.", "Isan language __knowledge__ Isan or Northeastern Thai () is a group of Lao varieties spoken in the northern two-thirds of Isan in northeastern Thailand, as well as in adjacent portions of northern and eastern Thailand.", "Isan language __knowledge__ It is the native language of the Isan people, spoken by 20 million or so people in Thailand, a third of the population of Thailand and 80 percent of all Lao speakers.", "Isan language __knowledge__ The language remains the primary language in 88 percent of households in Isan.", "Isan language __knowledge__ It is commonly used as a second, third, or even fourth language by the region's other linguistic minorities, such as Northern Khmer, Khorat Thai, Kuy, Nyah Kur, and other Tai or Austronesian-speaking peoples.", "Ghana __knowledge__ Ghana (), officially the Republic of Ghana, is a unitary presidential constitutional democracy, located along the Gulf of Guinea and Atlantic Ocean, in the subregion of West Africa.", "Ghana __knowledge__ Spanning a land mass of 238,535 km², Ghana is bordered by the Ivory Coast in the west, Burkina Faso in the north, Togo in the east and the Gulf of Guinea and Atlantic Ocean in the south.", "Ghana __knowledge__ \"Ghana\" means \"Warrior King\" in the Soninke language.", "Ghana __knowledge__ The first permanent state in the territory of present-day Ghana dates back to the 11th century.", "Ghana __knowledge__ Numerous kingdoms and empires emerged over the centuries, of which the most powerful was the Kingdom of Ashanti.", "Girlfriend __knowledge__ A girlfriend is a female friend or acquaintance, often a regular female companion with whom one is platonic, romantically or sexually involved.", "Girlfriend __knowledge__ Partners in committed relationships are also sometimes described as a \"significant other\" or simply \"partner\", especially if the individuals are cohabiting.", "Girlfriend __knowledge__ \"Girlfriend\" and \"partner\" mean different things to different people; the distinctions between the terms are subjective.", "Girlfriend __knowledge__ How the term is used will ultimately be determined by personal preference.", "Girlfriend __knowledge__ In 2005, a study was conducted of 115 people ages 21 to 35 who were either living with or had lived with a romantic partner.", "CUHK democracy wall standoff __knowledge__ In September 2017, tensions arose between different parties over the content of posters put up on Democracy wall in the Chinese University of Hong Kong.", "CUHK democracy wall standoff __knowledge__ This has led to increased tensions in Hong Kong society, due the interpretations of freedom of speech of certain content of the posters.", "CUHK democracy wall standoff __knowledge__ This has also led to copycats incidents occurring in other universities in Hong Kong as well reigniting Hong Kong Independence debate within Hong Kong Kong society.", "CUHK democracy wall standoff __knowledge__ The standoff, which has manifested in a series of protests and counterprotests on campuses, is reflective of the wider disconnect between mainlanders and Hongkongers, fanned by a host of reasons from politics and language barriers to state-fuelled propaganda and competition for scarce resources." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Football __knowledge__ Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball with a foot to score a goal.", "Football __knowledge__ Unqualified, the word \"football\" is understood to refer to whichever form of football is the most popular in the regional context in which the word appears.", "Football __knowledge__ Sports commonly called \"football\" in certain places include: association football (known as soccer in some countries); gridiron football (specifically American football or Canadian football); Australian rules football; rugby football (either rugby league or rugby union); and Gaelic football.", "Football __knowledge__ These different variations of football are known as football codes.", "Football __knowledge__ Various forms of football can be identified in history, often as popular peasant games.", "Football __knowledge__ Contemporary codes of football can be traced back to the codification of these games at English public schools during the nineteenth century.", "Football __knowledge__ The expanse of the British Empire allowed these rules of football to spread to areas of British influence outside the directly controlled Empire.", "Football __knowledge__ By the end of the nineteenth century, distinct regional codes were already developing: Gaelic football, for example, deliberately incorporated the rules of local traditional football games in order to maintain their heritage.", "Daken __knowledge__ Daken (pronounced \"DAH-ken\", real name Akihiro) is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Daken __knowledge__ Daken was created by writer Daniel Way and artist Steve Dillon and first appeared in \"\" #10 (March 2007).", "Daken __knowledge__ Daken is the mutant son of Wolverine and his deceased wife Itsu.", "Daken __knowledge__ He possesses superhuman abilities similar to his father (e.g., healing factor, retractable claws), and was a member of the Dark Avengers under the name Wolverine until the conclusion of the 2010 storyline, \"Siege\".", "Daken __knowledge__ Daken was ranked sixth in Comics Alliance's \"50 Sexiest Male Characters in Comics\" list and is often recognized for his sex appeal.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Mad Men\", all of whom have appeared in multiple episodes.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Donald \"Don\" Draper (né Dick Whitman; Jon Hamm) born 1926, is the creative director at Sterling Cooper Advertising Agency; he eventually rises to become a partner.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ He later becomes a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Draper is the series' protagonist, and more storylines focus on him than on other characters.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Margaret \"Peggy\" Olson (Elisabeth Moss), upon introduction, is the ostensibly naïve \"new girl\" at Sterling Cooper.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ She was originally Draper's secretary, but showed surprising talent and initiative, including a knack—similar to Draper's—for understanding the consumer's mind.", "Trial of George Zimmerman __knowledge__ State of Florida v. George Zimmerman was a criminal prosecution of George Zimmerman on the charge of second-degree murder stemming from the shooting of Trayvon Martin on February 26, 2012.", "Trial of George Zimmerman __knowledge__ On April 11, 2012, George Zimmerman was charged with second-degree murder in the shooting death of 17-year-old Trayvon Martin.", "Trial of George Zimmerman __knowledge__ In support of the charges, the State filed an affidavit of probable cause, stating that Zimmerman profiled and confronted Martin and shot him to death while Martin was committing no crimes.", "Trial of George Zimmerman __knowledge__ Florida State Attorney Angela Corey announced the charges against Zimmerman during a televised press conference and reported that Zimmerman was in custody after turning himself in to law enforcement.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the British television and radio sketch show \"Little Britain\" (and its American spin-off, \"Little Britain USA\").", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played By: David Walliams Appearances: Season 3 Alan works for the Donkey Hospice in the town of Achingballs.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ After contributors give him some money, he blatantly places stickers on embarrassing body parts, such as the genital region or breasts and on someone's rear in a deleted scene.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ He makes one appearance in Series 3.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played by: David Walliams Episodes: Radio Show; Season 1, episodes 4 and 5 Catchphrase: \"I love you Anne\" and \"I need you Anne\" Peter Andre is a royal BBC correspondent who gets sacked after first making surreal and false claims about the Royal Family (such as Prince Charles having magical powers, describing The Queen as \"The Main One\" and mistaking Princess Eugenie for her mother, Sarah, Duchess of York) and then expressing his love for Princess Anne through song.", "Dejan Savićević __knowledge__ Dejan Savićević (Cyrillic: Дејан Савићевић, ; born 15 September 1966), is a Montenegrin former football player who played as an attacking midfielder.", "Dejan Savićević __knowledge__ Since 2004 he has been the president of the Montenegrin Football Association (FSCG).", "Dejan Savićević __knowledge__ After beginning his career with Budućnost Titograd, Savićević moved to Red Star Belgrade, and was a part of the team that won the 1990–91 European Cup, before joining Italian club A.C. Milan in 1992.", "Dejan Savićević __knowledge__ With Milan, he won three Serie A titles and the 1993–94 UEFA Champions League, among other trophies.", "Dejan Savićević __knowledge__ He later returned to Red Star for half a season in 1999, before ending his career with Rapid Wien in 2001.", "Androgyny __knowledge__ Androgyny is the combination of masculine and feminine characteristics.", "Androgyny __knowledge__ Usually used to describe characters or persons which have no specific gender, gender ambiguity may also be found in fashion, gender identity, sexual identity, or sexual lifestyle.", "Androgyny __knowledge__ In the case of gender identity, terms such as genderqueer, or gender neutral are more commonly used.", "Androgyny __knowledge__ Androgyny as a noun came into use , nominalizing the adjective \"androgynous\".", "Androgyny __knowledge__ The adjective use dates from the early 17th century and is itself derived from the older French (14th Century) and English () term \"androgyne\".", "Androgyny __knowledge__ The terms are ultimately derived from , from , stem - (\"anér, andr-\", meaning man) and (\"gunē, gyné\", meaning woman) through the , The older word form \"androgyne\" is still in use as a noun with an overlapping set of meanings.", "Astral Weeks __knowledge__ Astral Weeks is the second studio album by Northern Irish singer-songwriter Van Morrison.", "Astral Weeks __knowledge__ It was recorded at Century Sound Studios in New York City during three sessions in September and October 1968, although most participants and biographers agree that the eight songs were culled from the first and last early evening sessions.", "Astral Weeks __knowledge__ Except for John Payne, Morrison and the assembled jazz musicians had not played together before and the recordings commenced without rehearsals or lead sheets handed out.", "Astral Weeks __knowledge__ The cover art, music and lyrics of the album portray the symbolism equating earthly love and heaven that would often feature in Morrison's work.", "List of recurring Mario franchise enemies __knowledge__ This is a list of common, recurring enemies in the \"Mario\" franchise.", "List of recurring Mario franchise enemies __knowledge__ The enemies on the list are in alphabetical order, and are most commonly found in \"Super Mario\" games, in which Bowser commands his minions to block and act as obstacles to Mario, who is normally attempting to rescue Princess Peach.", "List of recurring Mario franchise enemies __knowledge__ Most of these enemies are identical in look and are classified as species.", "List of recurring Mario franchise enemies __knowledge__ While only those who belong to Bowser or specific antagonists are enemies to Mario or players, other members of these species (usually individuals) have their own life in or out of Mushroom Kingdom (e.g.", "List of recurring Mario franchise enemies __knowledge__ King Boo; Petey Piranha), similar with Toads or Yoshis.", "Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Handel __knowledge__ The Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Handel, Op.", "Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Handel __knowledge__ 24, is a work for solo piano written by Johannes Brahms in 1861.", "Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Handel __knowledge__ It consists of a set of twenty-five variations and a concluding fugue, all based on a theme from George Frideric Handel's Harpsichord Suite No.", "Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Handel __knowledge__ 1 in B major, HWV 434.", "Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Handel __knowledge__ The great music writer Donald Tovey has ranked it among \"the half-dozen greatest sets of variations ever written\".", "Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Handel __knowledge__ Biographer Jan Swafford describes the \"Handel Variations\" as \"perhaps the finest set of piano variations since Beethoven\", adding, \"Besides a masterful unfolding of ideas concluding with an exuberant fugue with a finish designed to bring down the house, the work is quintessentially Brahms in other ways: the filler of traditional forms with fresh energy and imagination; the historical eclectic able to start off with a gallant little tune of Handel's, Baroque ornaments and all, and integrate it seamlessly into his own voice, in a work of massive scope and dazzling variety.\"", "Magnetic Tower of Hanoi __knowledge__ The Magnetic Tower of Hanoi (MToH) puzzle is a variation of the classical Tower of Hanoi puzzle (ToH), where each disk has two distinct sides, for example, with different colors \"red\" and \"blue\".", "Magnetic Tower of Hanoi __knowledge__ The rules of the MToH puzzle are the same as the rules of the original puzzle, with the added constraints that each disk is flipped as it is moved, and that two disks may not be placed one on another if their touching sides have the same color.", "Magnetic Tower of Hanoi __knowledge__ Each disk has a North and South pole, with similar poles repelling one another and opposite poles attracting one another.", "Magnetic Tower of Hanoi __knowledge__ Magnets inside each disk physically prevent illegal moves.", "Game Boy accessories __knowledge__ This is a list of video game accessories that have been released for the Game Boy handheld console and its successors.", "Game Boy accessories __knowledge__ Accessories add functionality that the console would otherwise not have.", "Game Boy accessories __knowledge__ The Game Boy Pocket Sonar is a peripheral for the Nintendo Game Boy made by Bandai that used sonar to locate fish up to 20 meters (65 feet) underwater for the sport of fishing and contained a fishing mini-game.", "Game Boy accessories __knowledge__ It was released in Japan in 1998, but never internationally.", "Game Boy accessories __knowledge__ It holds the record for being the first sonar-enabled gaming accessory.", "Game Boy accessories __knowledge__ The Game Boy Camera and Game Boy Printer (Pocket Camera and Pocket Printer in Japan) are accessories for the Game Boy handheld gaming system and were released in 1998.", "History of telephone numbers in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The telephone service in the United Kingdom was originally provided by private companies and local councils.", "History of telephone numbers in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ But by 1912–13 all except the telephone service of Kingston upon Hull and Guernsey had been bought out by the Post Office.", "History of telephone numbers in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The Post Office also operated telephone services in Jersey until 1923 and the Isle of Man until 1969 when the islands took over responsibility for their own postal and telephone services – although the Isle of Man system remained part of British Telecom until 1987.", "History of telephone numbers in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Post Office Telecommunications was reorganised in 1980–81 a s \"British Telecommunications\" (\"British Telecom\", or \"BT\"), and was the first major nationalised industry to be privatised by the Conservative government.", "Goldberg Variations __knowledge__ The Goldberg Variations, BWV 988, is a work written for harpsichord by Johann Sebastian Bach, consisting of an aria and a set of 30 variations.", "Goldberg Variations __knowledge__ First published in 1741, the work is considered to be one of the most important examples of variation form.", "Goldberg Variations __knowledge__ The \"Variations\" are named after Johann Gottlieb Goldberg, who may have been the first performer.", "Goldberg Variations __knowledge__ The tale of how the variations came to be composed comes from an early biography of Bach by Johann Nikolaus Forkel: Forkel wrote his biography in 1802, more than 60 years after the events related, and its accuracy has been questioned.", "Goldberg Variations __knowledge__ The lack of dedication on the title page also makes the tale of the commission unlikely." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 4, 5 ]

[ "football is a team sport, it really requires a lot of varying degrees of kicking", "football can mean different things in different regions, football in the sense you are saying is called soccer in the US", "the different variations are called codes", "I am not a fan of most if I had to pick one it would be the NFL, before the protests, there are several variations in history " ]

[ "Football", "Football", "Football", "Football" ]

[ "Game of Thrones", "I love Game of Thrones! I am also very excited for the new season. Last season was intense.", "Yes that's true. I never read the books, but everyone I speak to who has always recommends I read them. Have you read them?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Game of Thrones is an American fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is an adaptation of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", George R. R. Martin's series of fantasy novels, the first of which is \"A Game of Thrones\".", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is filmed in Belfast and elsewhere in the United Kingdom, Canada, Croatia, Iceland, Malta, Morocco, Spain, and the United States.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series premiered on HBO in the United States on April 17, 2011, and its seventh season ended on August 27, 2017.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series will conclude with its eighth season premiering in 2019.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Set on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos, \"Game of Thrones\" has several plot lines and a large ensemble cast but centers on three primary story arcs.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The first story arc centers on the Iron Throne of the Seven Kingdoms and follows a web of alliances and conflicts among the dynastic noble families either vying to claim the throne or fighting for independence from the throne.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The second story arc focuses on the last descendant of the realm's deposed ruling dynasty, exiled and plotting a return to the throne.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The third story arc centers on the longstanding brotherhood charged with defending the realm against the ancient threats of the fierce peoples and legendary creatures that lie far north, and an impending winter that threatens the realm." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Game of Thrones is an American fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is an adaptation of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", George R. R. Martin's series of fantasy novels, the first of which is \"A Game of Thrones\".", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is filmed in Belfast and elsewhere in the United Kingdom, Canada, Croatia, Iceland, Malta, Morocco, Spain, and the United States.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series premiered on HBO in the United States on April 17, 2011, and its seventh season ended on August 27, 2017.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series will conclude with its eighth season premiering in 2019.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Set on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos, \"Game of Thrones\" has several plot lines and a large ensemble cast but centers on three primary story arcs.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The first story arc centers on the Iron Throne of the Seven Kingdoms and follows a web of alliances and conflicts among the dynastic noble families either vying to claim the throne or fighting for independence from the throne.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The second story arc focuses on the last descendant of the realm's deposed ruling dynasty, exiled and plotting a return to the throne.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The third story arc centers on the longstanding brotherhood charged with defending the realm against the ancient threats of the fierce peoples and legendary creatures that lie far north, and an impending winter that threatens the realm.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ \"Game of Thrones\" is an American fantasy drama television series created for HBO by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is an adaptation of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", George R. R. Martin's series of fantasy novels.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The story takes place on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos, it has several plot lines and a large ensemble cast.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The first story arc follows a dynastic conflict among competing claimants for succession to the Iron Throne of the Seven Kingdoms, with other noble families fighting for independence from the throne.", "List of awards and nominations received by Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The second covers attempts to reclaim the throne by the exiled last scion of the realm's deposed ruling dynasty; the third chronicles the threat of the impending winter and the legendary creatures and fierce peoples of the North.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ A Song of Ice and Fire is a series of epic fantasy novels by the American novelist and screenwriter George R. R. Martin.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ He began the first volume of the series, \"A Game of Thrones\", in 1991 and had it published in 1996.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ Martin, who initially envisioned the series as a trilogy, has published five out of a planned seven volumes.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The fifth and most recent volume of the series published in 2011, \"A Dance with Dragons\", took Martin six years to write.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ He is still writing the sixth novel, \"The Winds of Winter\".", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" takes place on the fictional continents Westeros and Essos.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The point of view of each chapter in the story is a limited perspective of a range of characters growing from nine, in the first novel, to thirty-one by the fifth.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ George R. R. Martin's \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" novels feature a sizable cast of characters.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ The series follows three interwoven plotlines: a dynastic war for control of Westeros by several families; the rising threat of the superhuman Others beyond Westeros's northern border; and the ambition of Daenerys Targaryen, the exiled heir of the previous ruling dynasty.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ Each chapter is narrated in the third person limited point of view through the eyes of a single character.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ Beginning with nine POV characters in \"A Game of Thrones\" (1996), the number grows to thirty-one by \"A Dance with Dragons\" (2011).", "After the Thrones __knowledge__ After the Thrones is an American live television aftershow that premiered on April 25, 2016 and ended on June 28, 2016.", "After the Thrones __knowledge__ It was hosted by Andy Greenwald and Chris Ryan who discussed episodes of the HBO television series \"Game of Thrones\".", "After the Thrones __knowledge__ The talk show is executive produced by Bill Simmons and Eric Weinberger.", "After the Thrones __knowledge__ Greenwald and Ryan previously hosted a podcast version of the show titled \"Watch the Thrones\" on Simmons' Grantland website.", "After the Thrones __knowledge__ A similar talk show called \"Thronecast\" airs on British channel Sky Atlantic, which also discusses episodes of \"Game of Thrones\".", "After the Thrones __knowledge__ The talk show was made available to HBO and HBO Now subscribers, and airs on the Monday following each episode of \"Game of Thrones\".", "Battle of the Bastards __knowledge__ \"Battle of the Bastards\" is the ninth episode of the sixth season of HBO's fantasy television series \"Game of Thrones\" and its 59th episode overall.", "Battle of the Bastards __knowledge__ It was written by series co-creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, and directed by Miguel Sapochnik.", "Battle of the Bastards __knowledge__ Jon Snow and Ramsay Bolton, face off in a battle for control of Winterfell.", "Battle of the Bastards __knowledge__ The Bolton army defeats most of Jon's force, mostly composed of Wildlings.", "Battle of the Bastards __knowledge__ Meanwhile, Daenerys Targaryen defeats the Masters in Meereen and begins making new alliances.", "Battle of the Bastards __knowledge__ \"Battle of the Bastards\" was praised as one of the series' best episodes, with several reviewers calling it a \"masterpiece\".", "Sansa Stark __knowledge__ Sansa Stark is a fictional character created by American author George R. R. Martin.", "Sansa Stark __knowledge__ She is a prominent character in Martin's award-winning \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series.", "Sansa Stark __knowledge__ Introduced in 1996's \"A Game of Thrones\", Sansa is the eldest daughter and second child of Lord Eddard Stark and his wife Lady Catelyn Stark.", "Sansa Stark __knowledge__ She subsequently appeared in the following three novels, \"A Clash of Kings\" (1998), \"A Storm of Swords\" (2000) and \"A Feast for Crows\" (2005).", "Sansa Stark __knowledge__ While absent from the fifth novel \"A Dance with Dragons\" as the books are separated geographically, Sansa is confirmed to return in the forthcoming next book in the series, \"The Winds of Winter\".", "Game of Thrones (season 1) __knowledge__ The first season of the fantasy drama television series \"Game of Thrones\" premiered on HBO on April 17, 2011, at 9.00 pm in the U.S., and concluded on June 19, 2011.", "Game of Thrones (season 1) __knowledge__ It consists of ten episodes, each of approximately 55 minutes.", "Game of Thrones (season 1) __knowledge__ The series is based on \"A Game of Thrones\", the first novel in the \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series by George R. R. Martin, adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.", "Game of Thrones (season 1) __knowledge__ HBO had ordered a television pilot in November 2008; filming began the following year.", "Game of Thrones (season 1) __knowledge__ However, it was deemed unsatisfactory and later reshot with some roles being recast.", "Game of Thrones (season 1) __knowledge__ In March 2010, HBO ordered the first season, which began filming in July 2010, primarily in Belfast, Northern Ireland, with additional filming in Malta.", "Babbling __knowledge__ Babbling is a stage in child development and a state in language acquisition during which an infant appears to be experimenting with uttering articulate sounds, but does not yet produce any recognizable words.", "Babbling __knowledge__ Babbling begins shortly after birth and progresses through several stages as the infant's repertoire of sounds expands and vocalizations become more speech-like.", "Babbling __knowledge__ Infants typically begin to produce recognizable words when they are around 12 months of age, though babbling may continue for some time afterward.", "Babbling __knowledge__ Babbling can be seen as a precursor to language development or simply as vocal experimentation.", "Game of Thrones (season 7) __knowledge__ The seventh season of the fantasy drama television series \"Game of Thrones\" premiered on HBO on July 16, 2017, and concluded on August 27, 2017.", "Game of Thrones (season 7) __knowledge__ Unlike previous seasons that consisted of ten episodes each, the seventh season consisted of only seven.", "Game of Thrones (season 7) __knowledge__ Like the previous season, it largely consisted of original content not found in George R. R. Martin's \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series, while also incorporating material Martin revealed to showrunners about the upcoming novels in the series.", "Game of Thrones (season 7) __knowledge__ The series was adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.", "Game of Thrones (season 7) __knowledge__ The penultimate season focuses primarily on the convergence of the show's main plotlines, featuring major events such as Daenerys Targaryen arriving in Westeros with her army and three dragons and waging war against the Lannisters, Jon Snow forging an alliance with Daenerys in an attempt to unite their forces against the White Walker army, Arya and Bran returning to Winterfell and reuniting with their sister Sansa, and the army of the dead breaching the Wall (with the help of a reanimated wight dragon) and entering the Seven Kingdoms.", "SMAP __knowledge__ SMAP was a Japanese boy band, composed of Masahiro Nakai, Takuya Kimura, Goro Inagaki, Tsuyoshi Kusanagi, and Shingo Katori.", "SMAP __knowledge__ The group was created in 1988 by music producer Johnny Kitagawa, founder of Johnny & Associates, originally as a six-piece with Katsuyuki Mori, until his departure from the band in 1996.", "SMAP __knowledge__ After making their debut in 1991, the group took the Japanese entertainment industry by storm, becoming the most successful boy band in Japanese history and the bestselling band in Asia, often referred to as a \"national treasure\" and a \"fortune and property of the country\" in Japan.", "SMAP __knowledge__ SMAP was regarded as an iconic figure in Japan, after achieving an unprecedented level of success in numerous genres in the entertainment industry, including music, television, film, radio, and theater, as a group and individually." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Game of Thrones is an American fantasy drama television series created by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is an adaptation of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", George R. R. Martin's series of fantasy novels, the first of which is \"A Game of Thrones\".", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ It is filmed in Belfast and elsewhere in the United Kingdom, Canada, Croatia, Iceland, Malta, Morocco, Spain, and the United States.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series premiered on HBO in the United States on April 17, 2011, and its seventh season ended on August 27, 2017.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The series will conclude with its eighth season premiering in 2019.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ Set on the fictional continents of Westeros and Essos, \"Game of Thrones\" has several plot lines and a large ensemble cast but centers on three primary story arcs.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The first story arc centers on the Iron Throne of the Seven Kingdoms and follows a web of alliances and conflicts among the dynastic noble families either vying to claim the throne or fighting for independence from the throne.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The second story arc focuses on the last descendant of the realm's deposed ruling dynasty, exiled and plotting a return to the throne.", "Game of Thrones __knowledge__ The third story arc centers on the longstanding brotherhood charged with defending the realm against the ancient threats of the fierce peoples and legendary creatures that lie far north, and an impending winter that threatens the realm.", "Religious debates over the Harry Potter series __knowledge__ Religious debates over the \"Harry Potter\" series of books by J. K. Rowling are based on claims that the novels contain occult or Satanic subtexts.", "Religious debates over the Harry Potter series __knowledge__ A number of Protestant, Catholic, and Orthodox Christians have argued against the series, as have some Shia and Sunni Muslims.", "Religious debates over the Harry Potter series __knowledge__ Supporters of the series have said that the magic in \"Harry Potter\" bears little resemblance to occultism, being more in the vein of fairy tales such as \"Cinderella\" and \"Snow White\", or to the works of C. S. Lewis and J. R. R. Tolkien, both of whom are known for writing fantasy novels with Christian subtexts.", "Religious debates over the Harry Potter series __knowledge__ Far from promoting a particular religion, some argue, the \"Harry Potter\" novels go out of their way to avoid discussing religion at all.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Eastern Orthodox Church __knowledge__ The Eastern Orthodox Church, also known as the Orthodox Church, or officially as the Orthodox Catholic Church, is the second-largest Christian Church, with over 250 million members.", "Eastern Orthodox Church __knowledge__ As one of the oldest religious institutions in the world, it has played a prominent role in the history and culture of Eastern Europe, Greece (including Anatolia), the Caucasus, and the Near East.", "Eastern Orthodox Church __knowledge__ A communion of autocephalous churches (″jurisdictions″, or national churches), each typically governed by its own Holy Synod, its bishops are equal by virtue of ordination, with doctrines summarised in the Nicene Creed.", "Eastern Orthodox Church __knowledge__ The Church has no central doctrinal or governance authority analogous to the Roman Catholic Church's pope; however, the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople is recognised by all as primus inter pares of the bishops, and the Church of Constantinople, since the Great Schism of 1054, enjoys precedence and certain prerogatives.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "Enrico Mattei __knowledge__ Enrico Mattei (April 29, 1906 – October 27, 1962) was an Italian public administrator.", "Enrico Mattei __knowledge__ After World War II he was given the task of dismantling the Italian Petroleum Agency Agip, a state enterprise established by the Fascist regime.", "Enrico Mattei __knowledge__ Instead Mattei enlarged and reorganized it into the National Fuel Trust, \"Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi\" (ENI).", "Enrico Mattei __knowledge__ Under his direction ENI negotiated important oil concessions in the Middle East as well as a significant trade agreement with the Soviet Union which helped break the oligopoly of the 'Seven Sisters' that dominated the mid 20th century oil industry.", "Enrico Mattei __knowledge__ He also introduced the principle whereby the country that owned exploited oil reserves received 75% of the profits.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ A Song of Ice and Fire is a series of epic fantasy novels by the American novelist and screenwriter George R. R. Martin.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ He began the first volume of the series, \"A Game of Thrones\", in 1991 and had it published in 1996.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ Martin, who initially envisioned the series as a trilogy, has published five out of a planned seven volumes.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The fifth and most recent volume of the series published in 2011, \"A Dance with Dragons\", took Martin six years to write.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ He is still writing the sixth novel, \"The Winds of Winter\".", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" takes place on the fictional continents Westeros and Essos.", "A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The point of view of each chapter in the story is a limited perspective of a range of characters growing from nine, in the first novel, to thirty-one by the fifth.", "World of A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The fictional world in which the \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" novels by George R. R. Martin take place is divided into several continents, known collectively as The Known World.", "World of A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ Most of the story takes place on the continent Westeros, in a large political entity known as the Seven Kingdoms.", "World of A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The \"Seven Kingdoms\" actually consist of nine regions (the North, the Iron Islands, the Riverlands, the Vale, the Westerlands, the Stormlands, the Reach, the Crownlands, and Dorne), and there is a largely unmapped area to the north, separated from the Seven Kingdoms by a massive wall of ice and old magic.", "World of A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The vast continent of Essos lies to the east of Westeros, across the Narrow Sea.", "George R. R. Martin __knowledge__ George Raymond Richard Martin (born George Raymond Martin; September 20, 1948), often referred to as George R. R. Martin, is an American novelist and short-story writer in the fantasy, horror, and science fiction genres, screenwriter, and television producer.", "George R. R. Martin __knowledge__ He is best known for his series of epic fantasy novels, \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", which was later adapted into the HBO series \"Game of Thrones\" (2011–present).", "George R. R. Martin __knowledge__ In 2005, Lev Grossman of \"Time\" called Martin \"the American Tolkien\", and in 2011, he was included on the annual \"Time\" 100 list of the most influential people in the world.", "George R. R. Martin __knowledge__ George Raymond Martin (he later adopted the confirmation name Richard at 13 years old) was born on September 20, 1948, in Bayonne, New Jersey, the son of longshoreman Raymond Collins Martin and his wife Margaret Brady Martin.", "Themes in A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" is an ongoing series of epic fantasy novels by American novelist and screenwriter George R. R. Martin.", "Themes in A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The first installment of the series, \"A Game of Thrones\", which was originally planned as a trilogy, was published in 1996.", "Themes in A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The series now consists of five published volumes, and two more volumes are planned.", "Themes in A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The series is told in the third-person through the eyes of a number of point of view characters.", "Themes in A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ A television series adaptation, \"Game of Thrones\", premiered on HBO in 2011.", "Themes in A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" takes place in a fictional world, primarily on a continent called Westeros, and additionally on a large landmass to the east, known as Essos.", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The following is a list of works based on \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", the series of fantasy novels by George R. R. Martin.", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ Martin wrote three separate novellas set ninety years before the events of the novels.", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ These novellas are known as the \"Tales of Dunk and Egg\" after the main protagonists, Ser Duncan the Tall and his squire \"Egg\", the later King Aegon V Targaryen.", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The stories have no direct connection to the plot of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\", although both characters are mentioned in \"A Storm of Swords\" and \"A Feast For Crows\", respectively.", "Works based on A Song of Ice and Fire __knowledge__ The novellas were published in short story anthologies: The unfinished series of novellas is to continue to be published in a series of collections entitled \"A Knight of the Seven Kingdoms\".", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ George R. R. Martin's \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" novels feature a sizable cast of characters.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ The series follows three interwoven plotlines: a dynastic war for control of Westeros by several families; the rising threat of the superhuman Others beyond Westeros's northern border; and the ambition of Daenerys Targaryen, the exiled heir of the previous ruling dynasty.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ Each chapter is narrated in the third person limited point of view through the eyes of a single character.", "List of A Song of Ice and Fire characters __knowledge__ Beginning with nine POV characters in \"A Game of Thrones\" (1996), the number grows to thirty-one by \"A Dance with Dragons\" (2011)." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 0 ]

[ "Game of Thrones is so amazing and I can't wait for the new and final season to come out. If you didn't know what I was babbling on about, its an American fantasy drama television series", "I know and keeps on getting better. The series is actually an adaptation of \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series of novels by George R. R, Martin'", "No I haven't but may look into them after the TV series is over to see if there are any differences form the book to the screen. Usually good books don't end up that well represented on screen and a lot of content is cut out." ]

[ "Game of Thrones", "Game of Thrones", "Game of Thrones" ]

[ "Anime", "Yeah I have seen a couple anime shows. I watched Pokemon and Dragonball Z.", "I remember there were quite a few characters. I think there are trading cards that people collect as well. Do you like Final Fantasy?", "That was pretty good. My all-time favorite was Final Fantasy VII. They have all been pretty good though. I liked the movies as well." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Anime __knowledge__ Anime ( ), also called Japanimation, is hand-drawn or computer animation associated with Japan.", "Anime __knowledge__ The word \"anime\" is the Japanese term for \"animation\", which means all forms of animated media.", "Anime __knowledge__ Outside Japan, \"anime\" refers specifically to animation from Japan or as a Japanese-disseminated animation style often characterized by colorful graphics, vibrant characters and fantastical themes.", "Anime __knowledge__ Arguably, the culturally abstract approach to the word's meaning may open up the possibility of anime produced in countries other than Japan.", "Anime __knowledge__ For simplicity, many Westerners strictly view anime as a Japanese animation product.", "Anime __knowledge__ Some scholars suggest defining anime as specifically or quintessentially Japanese may be related to a new form of orientalism.", "Anime __knowledge__ The earliest commercial Japanese animation dates to 1917, and Japanese anime production has since continued to increase steadily.", "Anime __knowledge__ The characteristic anime art style emerged in the 1960s with the works of Osamu Tezuka and spread internationally in the late twentieth century, developing a large domestic and international audience.", "Anime __knowledge__ Anime is distributed theatrically, by way of television broadcasts, directly to home media, and over the Internet.", "Anime __knowledge__ It is classified into numerous genres targeting diverse broad and niche audiences." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Anime __knowledge__ Anime ( ), also called Japanimation, is hand-drawn or computer animation associated with Japan.", "Anime __knowledge__ The word \"anime\" is the Japanese term for \"animation\", which means all forms of animated media.", "Anime __knowledge__ Outside Japan, \"anime\" refers specifically to animation from Japan or as a Japanese-disseminated animation style often characterized by colorful graphics, vibrant characters and fantastical themes.", "Anime __knowledge__ Arguably, the culturally abstract approach to the word's meaning may open up the possibility of anime produced in countries other than Japan.", "Anime __knowledge__ For simplicity, many Westerners strictly view anime as a Japanese animation product.", "Anime __knowledge__ Some scholars suggest defining anime as specifically or quintessentially Japanese may be related to a new form of orientalism.", "Anime __knowledge__ The earliest commercial Japanese animation dates to 1917, and Japanese anime production has since continued to increase steadily.", "Anime __knowledge__ The characteristic anime art style emerged in the 1960s with the works of Osamu Tezuka and spread internationally in the late twentieth century, developing a large domestic and international audience.", "Anime __knowledge__ Anime is distributed theatrically, by way of television broadcasts, directly to home media, and over the Internet.", "Anime __knowledge__ It is classified into numerous genres targeting diverse broad and niche audiences.", "Dragonball Z American Soundtrack series __knowledge__ Dragonball Z American Soundtrack series is the domestic soundtrack collection drawn from Bruce Faulconer's music for the anime series \"Dragon Ball Z\"; Faulconer's music for the series was commissioned by Funimation.", "Dragonball Z American Soundtrack series __knowledge__ These soundtracks were produced by Faulconer between 2001 and 2005.", "Dragonball Z American Soundtrack series __knowledge__ Dragonball Z American Soundtrack Best of Dragonball Z: Volume I is the first release from the \"Dragonball Z American Soundtrack series\" of the anime \"Dragon Ball Z\".", "Dragonball Z American Soundtrack series __knowledge__ The soundtrack was written and composed by Bruce Faulconer, produced by Faulconer Productions Music and released on May 8, 2001.", "Dragonball Z American Soundtrack series __knowledge__ Dragonball Z American Soundtrack Best of Dragonball Z: Volume II is the second release from the \"Dragonball Z American Soundtrack series\" of the anime Dragon Ball Z.", "Armageddon (convention) __knowledge__ Armageddon Expo is a New Zealand based pop culture convention that holds multiple events around New Zealand in cities including Auckland, Wellington, Tauranga and Christchurch .", "Armageddon (convention) __knowledge__ The event, run by Beyond Reality Media has been running continuously since 1995.", "Armageddon (convention) __knowledge__ In recent years, it has evolved from its roots of comic and trading cards in 1995 to showcase computer and video gaming, animation, film and television, cosplay, comics, live wrestling, and retailers selling pop culture merchandise.", "Armageddon (convention) __knowledge__ The convention hosts celebrity guests from the world of movies, TV shows, animation, cosplay, YouTube, comics and gaming.", "Dragon Ball Z __knowledge__ \"Dragon Ball Z\" follows the adventures of the protagonist Goku who, along with his companions, defends the Earth against an assortment of villains ranging from intergalactic space fighters and conquerors, unnaturally powerful androids and nearly indestructible creatures.", "Dragon Ball Z __knowledge__ While the original \"Dragon Ball\" anime followed Goku from his childhood into adulthood, \"Dragon Ball Z\" is a continuation of his adult life, but at the same time parallels the maturation of his sons, Gohan and Goten, as well as the evolution of his rivals Piccolo and Vegeta from enemies into allies.", "Dragon Ball Z __knowledge__ Due to the success of the anime in the United States, the manga chapters comprising its story were initially released by Viz Media under the title \"Dragon Ball Z\".", "List of Dragon Ball characters __knowledge__ The \"Dragon Ball\" manga series features an extensive cast of characters created by Akira Toriyama.", "List of Dragon Ball characters __knowledge__ The series takes place in a fictional universe, the same as Toriyama's previous series \"Dr. Slump\", and follows the adventures of Son Goku from his childhood through adulthood as he trains in martial arts and explores the world in search of the seven orbs known as the Dragon Balls that are used to summon a wish-granting dragon.", "List of Dragon Ball characters __knowledge__ During the course of the story, he encounters allies such as Bulma, Kuririn, and Trunks, rivals such as Tenshinhan, Piccolo, and Vegeta, and enemies such as Freeza, Cell, Majin Boo and Zamasu.", "Grand Unification Part 1 __knowledge__ \"Grand Unification Part 1\" is the second single from the Fightstar album \"Grand Unification\".", "Grand Unification Part 1 __knowledge__ There are two videos to this song.", "Grand Unification Part 1 __knowledge__ One of the videos is a mixture of Fightstar playing in a, what would seem to be some sort of cave or room, as well as scenes from \"Dragonball Z\".", "Grand Unification Part 1 __knowledge__ The second video is the band playing in the same sort of cave/room but without the \"Dragonball Z\" scenes.", "Grand Unification Part 1 __knowledge__ It has since been revealed that the location used was the same as that used by The Prodigy in the controversial video for their song Firestarter, and this has been interpreted as a tribute on the part of Fightstar to The Prodigy.", "Dragonball Evolution __knowledge__ Dragonball Evolution is a 2009 American action-adventure fantasy film directed by James Wong and produced by Stephen Chow, Tim van Rellim and written by Ben Ramsey.", "Dragonball Evolution __knowledge__ The film is loosely based on the Japanese \"Dragon Ball\" manga created by Akira Toriyama, and stars Justin Chatwin, Emmy Rossum, James Marsters, Jamie Chung, Chow Yun-fat, Joon Park, and Eriko Tamura.", "Dragonball Evolution __knowledge__ In \"Dragonball Evolution\", the young Goku reveals his past and sets out to fight the evil alien warlord Lord Piccolo who wishes to gain the powerful Dragon Balls and use them to take over Earth.", "Dragonball Evolution __knowledge__ The film began development in 2002, and was distributed by 20th Century Fox.", "Android 18 __knowledge__ She and her twin brother, Android 17, were forcibly turned into androids by Dr. Gero to serve his vendetta against Goku.", "Android 18 __knowledge__ The present-timeline version of the character has very little to no interest in fulfilling Gero's orders and becomes a supporting character in the series after marrying Goku's best friend Krillin.", "Android 18 __knowledge__ In the alternate-timeline, Android 18 is a ruthless killer that has a reign of terror along with Android 17 over Earth that last for twenty years until they are destroyed by Trunks.", "Android 18 __knowledge__ Prior to their introductions and present in both timelines, Androids #17 and #18 were converted into androids by Dr. Gero with the intent of murdering Goku.", "Computer animation __knowledge__ Computer animation is the process used for generating animated images.", "Computer animation __knowledge__ The more general term computer-generated imagery (CGI) encompasses both static scenes and dynamic images, while computer animation \"only\" refers to the moving images.", "Computer animation __knowledge__ Modern computer animation usually uses 3D computer graphics, although 2D computer graphics are still used for stylistic, low bandwidth, and faster real-time renderings.", "Computer animation __knowledge__ Sometimes, the target of the animation is the computer itself, but sometimes film as well.", "Computer animation __knowledge__ Computer animation is essentially a digital successor to the stop motion techniques using 3D models, and traditional animation techniques using frame-by-frame animation of 2D illustrations.", "History of computer animation __knowledge__ The history of computer animation began as early as the 1940s and 1950s, when experiments in computer graphics were beginning, most notably by John Whitney—but it was only by the early 1960s when digital computers had become widely established, that new avenues for innovative computer graphics blossomed.", "History of computer animation __knowledge__ Initially, uses were mainly for scientific, engineering and other research purposes, but artistic experimentation began to make its appearance by the mid-1960s.", "History of computer animation __knowledge__ By the mid-1970s, many such efforts were beginning to enter into public media.", "History of computer animation __knowledge__ Much computer graphics at this time involved 2-dimensional imagery, though increasingly, as computer power improved, efforts to achieve 3-dimensional realism became the emphasis.", "Traditional animation __knowledge__ Traditional animation (or classical animation, cel animation or hand-drawn animation) is an animation technique where each frame is drawn by hand.", "Traditional animation __knowledge__ The technique was the dominant form of animation in cinema until the advent of computer animation.", "Traditional animation __knowledge__ Animation productions begin by deciding on a story.", "Traditional animation __knowledge__ The oral or literary source material must then be converted into an animation film script, from which the storyboard is derived.", "Traditional animation __knowledge__ The storyboard has an appearance somewhat similar to a comic book, and it shows the sequence of shots as consecutive sketches that also indicate transitions, camera angles, and framing.", "Modern animation in the United States __knowledge__ Modern animation of the United States from the late 1980s and 1990s onward is sometimes referred to as the \"renaissance age of American animation\".", "Modern animation in the United States __knowledge__ During this period, many large American entertainment companies reformed and reinvigorated their animation departments following a general decline during the 1970s and 1980s.", "Modern animation in the United States __knowledge__ The United States has had a profound effect on animation worldwide.", "Modern animation in the United States __knowledge__ Since the late 1990s and the 2000s traditional animation would lose interest against digital and Flash animation, naming this current period as the \"millennium age of American animation\".", "Modern animation in the United States __knowledge__ At the start of the 1980s, Walt Disney Productions had been struggling since Walt Disney's death in 1966, and the 1979 departure of Don Bluth and eleven other associates from the animation department dealt Disney a major blow.", "History of anime __knowledge__ The history of anime can be traced back to the start of the 20th century, with the earliest verifiable films dating from 1917.", "History of anime __knowledge__ The first generation of animators in the late 1910s included Ōten Shimokawa, Jun'ichi Kōuchi and Seitaro Kitayama, commonly referred to as the \"fathers\" of anime.", "History of anime __knowledge__ Propaganda films, such as \"Momotarō no Umiwashi\" (1943) and \"\" (1945), the latter being the first anime feature film, were made during World War II.", "History of anime __knowledge__ During the 1970s, anime developed further, with the inspiration of Disney animators, separating itself from its Western roots, and developing distinct genres such as mecha and its super robot subgenre.", "Animation __knowledge__ Animation is a dynamic medium in which images or objects are manipulated to appear as moving images.", "Animation __knowledge__ In traditional animation the images were drawn (or painted) by hand on cels to be photographed and exhibited on film.", "Animation __knowledge__ Nowadays most animations are made with computer-generated imagery (CGI).", "Animation __knowledge__ Computer animation can be very detailed 3D animation, while 2D computer animation can be used for stylistic reasons, low bandwidth or faster real-time renderings.", "Animation __knowledge__ Other common animation methods apply a stop motion technique to two and three-dimensional objects like paper cutouts, puppets or clay figures.", "Animation __knowledge__ The stop motion technique where live actors are used as a frame-by-frame subject is known as pixilation." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Anime __knowledge__ Anime ( ), also called Japanimation, is hand-drawn or computer animation associated with Japan.", "Anime __knowledge__ The word \"anime\" is the Japanese term for \"animation\", which means all forms of animated media.", "Anime __knowledge__ Outside Japan, \"anime\" refers specifically to animation from Japan or as a Japanese-disseminated animation style often characterized by colorful graphics, vibrant characters and fantastical themes.", "Anime __knowledge__ Arguably, the culturally abstract approach to the word's meaning may open up the possibility of anime produced in countries other than Japan.", "Anime __knowledge__ For simplicity, many Westerners strictly view anime as a Japanese animation product.", "Anime __knowledge__ Some scholars suggest defining anime as specifically or quintessentially Japanese may be related to a new form of orientalism.", "Anime __knowledge__ The earliest commercial Japanese animation dates to 1917, and Japanese anime production has since continued to increase steadily.", "Anime __knowledge__ The characteristic anime art style emerged in the 1960s with the works of Osamu Tezuka and spread internationally in the late twentieth century, developing a large domestic and international audience.", "Anime __knowledge__ Anime is distributed theatrically, by way of television broadcasts, directly to home media, and over the Internet.", "Anime __knowledge__ It is classified into numerous genres targeting diverse broad and niche audiences.", "Final Fantasy VI __knowledge__ Final Fantasy VI, also known as Final Fantasy III for its initial North American release, is a role-playing video game developed and published by Square for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System.", "Final Fantasy VI __knowledge__ Released in 1994, it is the sixth title in the mainline \"Final Fantasy\" series (and the last to use sprite based 2-D graphics).", "Final Fantasy VI __knowledge__ Set in a fantasy world with a technology level equivalent to that of the Second Industrial Revolution, the game's story focuses on a group of rebels as they seek to overthrow an imperial dictatorship.", "Final Fantasy VI __knowledge__ The game features fourteen permanent playable characters, the most of any game in the main series.", "Final Fantasy VIII __knowledge__ Final Fantasy VIII is a role-playing video game developed and published by Square for the PlayStation console.", "Final Fantasy VIII __knowledge__ Released in 1999, it is the eighth main installment in the \"Final Fantasy\" series.", "Final Fantasy VIII __knowledge__ Set on an unnamed fantasy world with science fiction elements, the game follows a group of young mercenaries, led by Squall Leonhart, as they are drawn into a conflict sparked by the sorceress Edea.", "Final Fantasy VIII __knowledge__ After defeating Edea, the protagonists learn that she was under the control of Ultimecia, a sorceress from the future who wishes to compress time.", "Final Fantasy VIII __knowledge__ During the quest to defeat Ultimecia, Squall struggles with his role as leader and develops a romance with one of his comrades, Rinoa Heartilly.", "Final Fantasy __knowledge__ Final Fantasy is a science fiction and fantasy media franchise created by Hironobu Sakaguchi, and developed and owned by Square Enix (formerly Square).", "Final Fantasy __knowledge__ The franchise centers on a series of fantasy and science fantasy role-playing video games (RPGs).", "Final Fantasy __knowledge__ The first game in the series, published in 1987, was conceived by Sakaguchi as his last-ditch effort in the game industry; it was a success and spawned sequels.", "Final Fantasy __knowledge__ The series has since branched into other genres such as tactical role-playing, action role-playing, massively multiplayer online role-playing, racing, third-person shooter, fighting, and rhythm.", "Recurring elements in the Final Fantasy series __knowledge__ \"Final Fantasy\" is a media franchise created by Hironobu Sakaguchi, and developed and owned by Square Enix (formerly Square).", "Recurring elements in the Final Fantasy series __knowledge__ The franchise centers on a series of fantasy and science fantasy role-playing video games (RPGs).", "Recurring elements in the Final Fantasy series __knowledge__ The eponymous first game in the series, published in 1987, was conceived by Sakaguchi as his last-ditch effort in the game industry; the title was a success and spawned sequels.", "Recurring elements in the Final Fantasy series __knowledge__ While most entries in the series are separate from each other, they have recurring elements carrying over between entries: these include plot themes and motifs, gameplay mechanics such as the Active Time Battle (ATB) system, and signature character designs from the likes of Yoshitaka Amano and Tetsuya Nomura.", "Final Fantasy IX __knowledge__ \"Final Fantasy IX\"s plot at first centers on a war between nations in a medieval fantasy world called Gaia.", "Final Fantasy IX __knowledge__ Players follow bandit Zidane Tribal after the thief troupe to which he belongs is hired to kidnap Garnet Til Alexandros XVII, the princess of Alexandria.", "Final Fantasy IX __knowledge__ He goes on to team up with Garnet and a growing cast of characters on a quest to take down Queen Brahne of Alexandria, the one responsible for starting the war.", "Final Fantasy IX __knowledge__ The plot shifts, however, when it is revealed that Brahne was only working alongside a much more menacing threat, Kuja, who shares a mysterious history with Zidane spanning two worlds.", "Final Fantasy VII __knowledge__ Final Fantasy VII is a role-playing video game developed by Square for the PlayStation console.", "Final Fantasy VII __knowledge__ Released in 1997, it is the seventh main installment in the \"Final Fantasy\" series.", "Final Fantasy VII __knowledge__ Published in Japan by Square, it was released in the West by Sony Computer Entertainment, becoming the first in the main series to see a PAL release.", "Final Fantasy VII __knowledge__ The game's story follows Cloud Strife, a mercenary who joins an eco-terrorist organization to stop the world-controlling megacorporation, Shinra, from using the planet's life essence as an energy source.", "Final Fantasy VII __knowledge__ Events send Cloud and his allies in pursuit of Sephiroth, a superhuman intent on destroying their planet.", "Characters of Final Fantasy X and X-2 __knowledge__ The tenth game of the \"Final Fantasy\" series, Square's bestselling role-playing video game \"Final Fantasy X\" features several fictional characters designed by Tetsuya Nomura who wanted the main characters' designs and names to be connected with their personalities and roles in the plot.", "Characters of Final Fantasy X and X-2 __knowledge__ The game takes place in the fictional universe of Spira that features multiple tribes.", "Characters of Final Fantasy X and X-2 __knowledge__ The game's sequel released in , \"Final Fantasy X-2\", takes place two years after the events in \"Final Fantasy X\" and uses new and returning characters.", "Characters of Final Fantasy X and X-2 __knowledge__ There are seven main playable characters in \"Final Fantasy X\" starting with Tidus, a skilled blitzball player from Zanarkand who is lost in the world of Spira after an encounter with an enormous creature called Sin and searches for a way home.", "List of Dragon Ball characters __knowledge__ The \"Dragon Ball\" manga series features an extensive cast of characters created by Akira Toriyama.", "List of Dragon Ball characters __knowledge__ The series takes place in a fictional universe, the same as Toriyama's previous series \"Dr. Slump\", and follows the adventures of Son Goku from his childhood through adulthood as he trains in martial arts and explores the world in search of the seven orbs known as the Dragon Balls that are used to summon a wish-granting dragon.", "List of Dragon Ball characters __knowledge__ During the course of the story, he encounters allies such as Bulma, Kuririn, and Trunks, rivals such as Tenshinhan, Piccolo, and Vegeta, and enemies such as Freeza, Cell, Majin Boo and Zamasu.", "Dragon Ball __knowledge__ The \"Dragon Ball\" manga has been adapted into two anime series produced by Toei Animation: \"Dragon Ball\" and \"Dragon Ball Z\", which together were broadcast in Japan from 1986 to 1996.", "Dragon Ball __knowledge__ Additionally, the studio has developed 19 animated feature films and three television specials, as well as two anime sequel series titled \"Dragon Ball GT\" (1996–1997) and \"Dragon Ball Super\" (2015–present).", "Dragon Ball __knowledge__ From 2009 to 2015, a revised, faster-paced version of \"Dragon Ball Z\" aired in Japan under the title \"Dragon Ball Kai\", in which most of the original version's footage not featured in the manga is removed.", "Dragon Ball __knowledge__ Several companies have developed various types of merchandising based on the series leading to a large media franchise that includes films, both animated and live-action, collectible trading card games, numerous action figures, along with several collections of soundtracks and a large number of video games.", "Dragon Ball (manga) __knowledge__ The manga was adapted into two anime series produced by Toei Animation: \"Dragon Ball\" and \"Dragon Ball Z\", which were broadcast in Japan from 1986 to 1996.", "Dragon Ball (manga) __knowledge__ A media franchise has built up around the series; among the merchandise, there have been both animated and live-action films, collectible trading card games, action figures, collections of soundtracks and video games.", "Dragon Ball (manga) __knowledge__ The series was licensed for an English-language release in North America and the United Kingdom by Viz Media, and in Australia and New Zealand by Madman Entertainment.", "Dragon Ball (manga) __knowledge__ The companies initially split the manga into two parts, \"Dragon Ball\" and \"Dragon Ball Z\" to match the anime series but the most recent edition of the series was released under its original title.", "Akira Toriyama __knowledge__ He earned the 1981 Shogakukan Manga Award for best \"shōnen\" or \"shōjo\" manga with \"Dr. Slump\", and it went on to sell over 35 million copies in Japan.", "Akira Toriyama __knowledge__ It was adapted into a successful anime series, with a second anime created in 1997, 13 years after the manga ended.", "Akira Toriyama __knowledge__ His next series, \"Dragon Ball\", would become one of the most popular and successful manga in the world.", "Akira Toriyama __knowledge__ Having sold more than 240 million copies worldwide, it is the second best-selling manga of all time and is considered to be one of the main reasons for the period when manga circulation was at its highest in the mid-1980s and mid-1990s.", "Dragon Ball Z __knowledge__ \"Dragon Ball Z\" follows the adventures of the protagonist Goku who, along with his companions, defends the Earth against an assortment of villains ranging from intergalactic space fighters and conquerors, unnaturally powerful androids and nearly indestructible creatures.", "Dragon Ball Z __knowledge__ While the original \"Dragon Ball\" anime followed Goku from his childhood into adulthood, \"Dragon Ball Z\" is a continuation of his adult life, but at the same time parallels the maturation of his sons, Gohan and Goten, as well as the evolution of his rivals Piccolo and Vegeta from enemies into allies.", "Dragon Ball Z __knowledge__ Due to the success of the anime in the United States, the manga chapters comprising its story were initially released by Viz Media under the title \"Dragon Ball Z\".", "Dragonball Z American Soundtrack series __knowledge__ Dragonball Z American Soundtrack series is the domestic soundtrack collection drawn from Bruce Faulconer's music for the anime series \"Dragon Ball Z\"; Faulconer's music for the series was commissioned by Funimation.", "Dragonball Z American Soundtrack series __knowledge__ These soundtracks were produced by Faulconer between 2001 and 2005.", "Dragonball Z American Soundtrack series __knowledge__ Dragonball Z American Soundtrack Best of Dragonball Z: Volume I is the first release from the \"Dragonball Z American Soundtrack series\" of the anime \"Dragon Ball Z\".", "Dragonball Z American Soundtrack series __knowledge__ The soundtrack was written and composed by Bruce Faulconer, produced by Faulconer Productions Music and released on May 8, 2001.", "Dragonball Z American Soundtrack series __knowledge__ Dragonball Z American Soundtrack Best of Dragonball Z: Volume II is the second release from the \"Dragonball Z American Soundtrack series\" of the anime Dragon Ball Z.", "List of Dr. Slump characters __knowledge__ The \"Dr. Slump\" manga series features an extensive cast of characters created by Akira Toriyama.", "List of Dr. Slump characters __knowledge__ It follows the humorous adventures of the little girl robot Arale Norimaki, her creator Senbei Norimaki and the other residents of the bizarre Penguin Village.", "List of Dr. Slump characters __knowledge__ While many of the characters are humans, the cast also includes anthropomorphic animals and objects, robots, extraterrestrial lifeforms, and gods.", "List of Dr. Slump characters __knowledge__ Characters that are parodies of historical figures, fairy tales, popular Western movies, and real people that author Toriyama knows are also common.", "List of Dr. Slump characters __knowledge__ Many of these characters make a minor appearance in Toriyama's more well-known series, \"Dragon Ball\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Anime __knowledge__ Anime ( ), also called Japanimation, is hand-drawn or computer animation associated with Japan.", "Anime __knowledge__ The word \"anime\" is the Japanese term for \"animation\", which means all forms of animated media.", "Anime __knowledge__ Outside Japan, \"anime\" refers specifically to animation from Japan or as a Japanese-disseminated animation style often characterized by colorful graphics, vibrant characters and fantastical themes.", "Anime __knowledge__ Arguably, the culturally abstract approach to the word's meaning may open up the possibility of anime produced in countries other than Japan.", "Anime __knowledge__ For simplicity, many Westerners strictly view anime as a Japanese animation product.", "Anime __knowledge__ Some scholars suggest defining anime as specifically or quintessentially Japanese may be related to a new form of orientalism.", "Anime __knowledge__ The earliest commercial Japanese animation dates to 1917, and Japanese anime production has since continued to increase steadily.", "Anime __knowledge__ The characteristic anime art style emerged in the 1960s with the works of Osamu Tezuka and spread internationally in the late twentieth century, developing a large domestic and international audience.", "Anime __knowledge__ Anime is distributed theatrically, by way of television broadcasts, directly to home media, and over the Internet.", "Anime __knowledge__ It is classified into numerous genres targeting diverse broad and niche audiences.", "Final Fantasy VII __knowledge__ Final Fantasy VII is a role-playing video game developed by Square for the PlayStation console.", "Final Fantasy VII __knowledge__ Released in 1997, it is the seventh main installment in the \"Final Fantasy\" series.", "Final Fantasy VII __knowledge__ Published in Japan by Square, it was released in the West by Sony Computer Entertainment, becoming the first in the main series to see a PAL release.", "Final Fantasy VII __knowledge__ The game's story follows Cloud Strife, a mercenary who joins an eco-terrorist organization to stop the world-controlling megacorporation, Shinra, from using the planet's life essence as an energy source.", "Final Fantasy VII __knowledge__ Events send Cloud and his allies in pursuit of Sephiroth, a superhuman intent on destroying their planet.", "Music of the Final Fantasy VII series __knowledge__ \"Final Fantasy VII\" is a role-playing video game developed by Square (now Square Enix) and published by Sony Computer Entertainment as the seventh installment in the \"Final Fantasy\" series.", "Music of the Final Fantasy VII series __knowledge__ Released in 1997, the game sparked the release of a collection of media centered on the game entitled the \"Compilation of Final Fantasy VII\".", "Music of the Final Fantasy VII series __knowledge__ The music of the \"Final Fantasy VII\" series includes not only the soundtrack to the original game and its associated albums, but also the soundtracks and music albums released for the other titles in the collection.", "Music of the Final Fantasy VII series __knowledge__ The first album produced was \"Final Fantasy VII Original Soundtrack\", a compilation of all the music in the game.", "Final Fantasy VII: Advent Children __knowledge__ Final Fantasy VII: Advent Children is a 2005 Japanese computer-animated science fantasy film directed by Tetsuya Nomura, written by Kazushige Nojima, and produced by Yoshinori Kitase and Shinji Hashimoto.", "Final Fantasy VII: Advent Children __knowledge__ Developed by Visual Works and Square Enix, \"Advent Children\" is part of the \"Compilation of Final Fantasy VII\" series of media, which is based in the world and continuity of the highly successful 1997 role-playing video game \"Final Fantasy VII\".", "Final Fantasy VII: Advent Children __knowledge__ \"Final Fantasy VII: Advent Children\" was released on DVD and Universal Media Discs with Japanese voice acting in Japan on September 14, 2005, and on April 25, 2006, with English voice acting in North America and Europe.", "Final Fantasy __knowledge__ Final Fantasy is a science fiction and fantasy media franchise created by Hironobu Sakaguchi, and developed and owned by Square Enix (formerly Square).", "Final Fantasy __knowledge__ The franchise centers on a series of fantasy and science fantasy role-playing video games (RPGs).", "Final Fantasy __knowledge__ The first game in the series, published in 1987, was conceived by Sakaguchi as his last-ditch effort in the game industry; it was a success and spawned sequels.", "Final Fantasy __knowledge__ The series has since branched into other genres such as tactical role-playing, action role-playing, massively multiplayer online role-playing, racing, third-person shooter, fighting, and rhythm.", "Cloud Strife __knowledge__ In \"Final Fantasy VII\", Cloud is a mercenary claiming to be formerly of SOLDIER, a group of elite supersoldiers employed by the Shinra Electric Power Company, a megacorporation responsible for draining the life from the planet.", "Cloud Strife __knowledge__ Fighting against Shinra in the resistance group AVALANCHE, and driven by a feud with the primary antagonist, Sephiroth, Cloud learns to accept his troubled past and adapts to his role as a leader.", "Cloud Strife __knowledge__ Cloud reappears as the protagonist in the computer-animated film, \"\", which serves as a sequel to the original game.", "Cloud Strife __knowledge__ He acts in a supporting role in other \"Compilation of Final Fantasy VII\" titles, and is featured in several other games outside the \"Final Fantasy VII\" continuity, such as \"Ehrgeiz\", \"Final Fantasy Tactics\", \"Itadaki Street Special\", \"Dissidia Final Fantasy\", \"Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS\" and \"Wii U\", and the \"Kingdom Hearts\" series.", "Characters of the Final Fantasy VII series __knowledge__ \"Final Fantasy VII\", a role-playing video game developed by Square (now Square Enix) and originally released in 1997, features a large number of fictional characters in both major and minor roles.", "Characters of the Final Fantasy VII series __knowledge__ \"VII\" has been followed by multiple sequels and prequels, grouped into the multimedia series \"Compilation of Final Fantasy VII\": these include the 2004 mobile game \"\", the 2005 movie sequel \"\", the 2006 shooter spinoff \"\", and the 2007 action game \"\".", "Characters of the Final Fantasy VII series __knowledge__ Other media include spin-off books and the original video animation \"\".", "Characters of the Final Fantasy VII series __knowledge__ The setting of \"Final Fantasy VII\" is a world that has been described as an industrial or post-industrial science fiction setting.", "Recurring elements in the Final Fantasy series __knowledge__ \"Final Fantasy\" is a media franchise created by Hironobu Sakaguchi, and developed and owned by Square Enix (formerly Square).", "Recurring elements in the Final Fantasy series __knowledge__ The franchise centers on a series of fantasy and science fantasy role-playing video games (RPGs).", "Recurring elements in the Final Fantasy series __knowledge__ The eponymous first game in the series, published in 1987, was conceived by Sakaguchi as his last-ditch effort in the game industry; the title was a success and spawned sequels.", "Recurring elements in the Final Fantasy series __knowledge__ While most entries in the series are separate from each other, they have recurring elements carrying over between entries: these include plot themes and motifs, gameplay mechanics such as the Active Time Battle (ATB) system, and signature character designs from the likes of Yoshitaka Amano and Tetsuya Nomura.", "Final Fantasy IX __knowledge__ \"Final Fantasy IX\"s plot at first centers on a war between nations in a medieval fantasy world called Gaia.", "Final Fantasy IX __knowledge__ Players follow bandit Zidane Tribal after the thief troupe to which he belongs is hired to kidnap Garnet Til Alexandros XVII, the princess of Alexandria.", "Final Fantasy IX __knowledge__ He goes on to team up with Garnet and a growing cast of characters on a quest to take down Queen Brahne of Alexandria, the one responsible for starting the war.", "Final Fantasy IX __knowledge__ The plot shifts, however, when it is revealed that Brahne was only working alongside a much more menacing threat, Kuja, who shares a mysterious history with Zidane spanning two worlds.", "Characters of Final Fantasy IX __knowledge__ The characters of the PlayStation role-playing game \"Final Fantasy IX\".", "Characters of Final Fantasy IX __knowledge__ Filling four CD-ROMs, \"Final Fantasy IX\" featured a cast containing a variety of major and minor characters.", "Characters of Final Fantasy IX __knowledge__ Players could control a maximum of four characters for combat at once, with eight main playable characters in the party and a few other, temporary characters.", "Characters of Final Fantasy IX __knowledge__ The main characters were based on the character class archetypes from previous \"Final Fantasy\" games (for instance, Zidane is based on the Thief class while Steiner was based on the Fighter class.)", "Characters of Final Fantasy IX __knowledge__ The \"Final Fantasy\" series has used the same menu operated battle system in most of the games with a few minor adjustments.", "Music of Final Fantasy IX __knowledge__ The music of the video game \"Final Fantasy IX\" was composed by regular series composer Nobuo Uematsu.", "Music of Final Fantasy IX __knowledge__ It was his last exclusive \"Final Fantasy\" score.", "Music of Final Fantasy IX __knowledge__ The \"Final Fantasy IX Original Soundtrack\", a compilation of all music in the game, was originally released on four Compact Discs by DigiCube in 2000, and was re-released by Square Enix in 2004.", "Music of Final Fantasy IX __knowledge__ A Best Of and arranged soundtrack album of musical tracks from the game entitled \"Final Fantasy IX: Uematsu's Best Selection\" was released in 2000 by Tokyopop Soundtrax.", "Music of Final Fantasy IX __knowledge__ \"Final Fantasy IX Original Soundtrack PLUS\", an album of music from the game's full motion videos and extra tracks, was released by DigiCube in 2000 and re-released in 2004, and a collection of piano arrangements of pieces from the original soundtrack arranged by Shirō Hamaguchi and performed by Louis Leerink was released as \"Piano Collections Final Fantasy IX\" in 2001.", "Music of the Final Fantasy series __knowledge__ \"Final Fantasy\" is a media franchise created by Hironobu Sakaguchi and owned by Square Enix that includes video games, motion pictures, and other merchandise.", "Music of the Final Fantasy series __knowledge__ The series began in 1987 as an eponymous role-playing video game developed by Square, spawning a video game series that became the central focus of the franchise.", "Music of the Final Fantasy series __knowledge__ The music of the \"Final Fantasy\" series refers to the soundtracks of the \"Final Fantasy\" series of video games, as well as the surrounding medley of soundtrack, arranged, and compilation albums.", "Music of the Final Fantasy series __knowledge__ The series' music ranges from very light background music to emotionally intense interweavings of character and situation leitmotifs.", "Final Symphony II __knowledge__ Final Symphony II is a symphonic concert tour first held at the Beethovenhalle in Bonn, Germany on August 29, 2015 and performed through 2016.", "Final Symphony II __knowledge__ The concert tour features arrangements of video game music selected from the \"Final Fantasy\" series, specifically \"Final Fantasy V\", \"VIII\", \"IX\", and \"XIII\".", "Final Symphony II __knowledge__ It is divided into four acts, one per game, with the newest game, \"Final Fantasy XIII\", first, and the oldest, \"V\", last; all four arrangements are single-section arrangements, with the \"IX\" portion as a piano concerto.", "Final Symphony II __knowledge__ The tour is a follow up to \"Final Symphony\", a similar tour of orchestral arrangement performances from \"Final Fantasy VI\", \"VII\", and \"X\" beginning in 2013 and continuing to date." ] ]

[ 1, 0, 28, 22 ]

[ "I really love anime, in case you didnt know Anime also called Japanimation, is all hand-drawn or on computer animation software. Its all based in Japan. ", "Dragonball Z is a personal fave of mine. The manga series features is also good, It has an extensive cast of characters also created by Akira Toriyama.", "Yea my fave was Final Fantasy IX, IF im not mistaken that one was just a war between nations in the world called Gaia. It was amazing. ", "Advent Children was alright, I dont think it was a DVD release date until 2005, But didn't get an English dub until 2006 in North America. " ]

[ "Anime", "Anime", "Anime", "Anime" ]

[ "Steak", "steak is awesome i love fillet", "oh really? I like steak with the bone in like t bone or ribeye", "yea that makes sense" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Steak __knowledge__ A steak () is a meat generally sliced across the muscle fibers, potentially including a bone.", "Steak __knowledge__ Exceptions, in which the meat is sliced parallel to the fibers, include the skirt steak that is cut from the plate, the flank steak that is cut from the abdominal muscles, and the famous Silverfinger steak that is cut from the loin and includes three rib bones.", "Steak __knowledge__ When the word \"steak\" is used without qualification, it generally refers to a beefsteak.", "Steak __knowledge__ In a larger sense, there are also fish steaks, ground meat steaks, pork steak and many more varieties of steaks.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are usually grilled, but they can be pan-fried, or broiled.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steak is often grilled in an attempt to replicate the flavor of steak cooked over the glowing coals of an open fire.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steak can also be cooked in sauce, such as in steak and kidney pie, or minced and formed into patties, such as hamburgers.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are also cut from grazing animals, usually farmed, other than cattle, including bison, camel, goat, horse, kangaroo, sheep, ostrich, pigs, reindeer, turkey, deer and zebu as well as various types of fish, especially salmon and large pelagic fish such as swordfish, shark and marlin.", "Steak __knowledge__ For some meats, such as pork, lamb and mutton, chevon and veal, these cuts are often referred to as chops." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Steak __knowledge__ A steak () is a meat generally sliced across the muscle fibers, potentially including a bone.", "Steak __knowledge__ Exceptions, in which the meat is sliced parallel to the fibers, include the skirt steak that is cut from the plate, the flank steak that is cut from the abdominal muscles, and the famous Silverfinger steak that is cut from the loin and includes three rib bones.", "Steak __knowledge__ When the word \"steak\" is used without qualification, it generally refers to a beefsteak.", "Steak __knowledge__ In a larger sense, there are also fish steaks, ground meat steaks, pork steak and many more varieties of steaks.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are usually grilled, but they can be pan-fried, or broiled.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steak is often grilled in an attempt to replicate the flavor of steak cooked over the glowing coals of an open fire.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steak can also be cooked in sauce, such as in steak and kidney pie, or minced and formed into patties, such as hamburgers.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are also cut from grazing animals, usually farmed, other than cattle, including bison, camel, goat, horse, kangaroo, sheep, ostrich, pigs, reindeer, turkey, deer and zebu as well as various types of fish, especially salmon and large pelagic fish such as swordfish, shark and marlin.", "Steak __knowledge__ For some meats, such as pork, lamb and mutton, chevon and veal, these cuts are often referred to as chops.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The Hamburger most likely first appeared in the 19th or early 20th century.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The modern hamburger was a product of the culinary needs of a society rapidly changing due to industrialization, the emergence of the working class and middle class and the demand for mass-produced, affordable food that could be consumed outside of the home.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Americans contend they were the first to combine two slices of bread and a steak of ground beef into a \"hamburger sandwich\" and sell it.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Part of the controversy over the origin of the hamburger is because the two basic ingredients, bread and beef, were prepared and consumed separately for many years before their combination.", "Steak burger __knowledge__ A steak burger is a type of sandwich prepared using steak as a primary ingredient.", "Steak burger __knowledge__ In the United States, the first steak burger offered to consumers appears to have been invented in 1934.", "Steak burger __knowledge__ Beefsteak is typically used, although other meats can also be made into steak burgers.", "Steak burger __knowledge__ They may be prepared with various accompaniments and toppings, and several restaurant versions have existed in the past and continue to be prepared in contemporary times.", "Steak burger __knowledge__ Use of the term \"steakburger\" dates to the 1920s in the United States.", "Steak burger __knowledge__ In the U.S. in 1934, A.H. \"Gus\" Belt, the founder of Steak 'n Shake, devised a steak burger and offered it to customers at the company's first location in Normal, Illinois.", "Filet mignon __knowledge__ Filet mignon (; French for \"tender fillet\" or \"delicate/ fine fillet\") is a steak cut of beef taken from the smaller end of the tenderloin, or psoas major of the beef carcass, usually a steer or heifer.", "Filet mignon __knowledge__ In French this cut can also be called \"filet de bœuf\", which translates in English to \"beef fillet\".", "Filet mignon __knowledge__ The tenderloin runs along both sides of the spine, and is usually harvested as two long snake-shaped cuts of beef.", "Filet mignon __knowledge__ The tenderloin is sometimes sold whole.", "Filet mignon __knowledge__ When sliced along the short dimension, creating roughly round cuts, and tube cuts, the cuts (fillets) from the small forward end are considered to be filet mignon.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ The following is a list of episodes for the reality television series \"The Great Food Truck Race\" on Food Network.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ There are seven truck teams competing in the race for a grand prize of $50,000.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ Each truck team consists of a driver and two crew members who must staff the truck and are responsible for cooking, shopping, orders and publicity.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ Every week they start off with no food to make things fair for all the teams who must make do with whatever cash Tyler Florence provides (seed money) at the start of each episode, in each new city.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ The trucks all convene in Los Angeles.", "List of The Great Food Truck Race episodes __knowledge__ Austin Daily Press – This team from Austin, Texas serves hot, grilled sandwiches.", "Strip steak __knowledge__ The strip steak is a cut of beef steaks from the short loin from a cow.", "Strip steak __knowledge__ It consists of a muscle that does little work, the longissimus, making the meat particularly tender; although not as tender as the nearby psoas major or tenderloin.", "Strip steak __knowledge__ Fat content of the strip is somewhere between the two cuts.", "Strip steak __knowledge__ Unlike the tenderloin, the longissimus is a sizable muscle, allowing it to be cut into larger portions.", "Strip steak __knowledge__ According to the National Cattlemen's Beef Association, the steak is marketed in the United States under various names, including Ambassador Steak, Boneless Club Steak, Hotel-Style Steak, Kansas City Steak, New York Steak, Top Loin, and Veiny Steak.", "Chuck steak __knowledge__ Chuck steak is a cut of beef and is part of the sub primal cut known as the chuck.", "Chuck steak __knowledge__ The typical chuck steak is a rectangular cut, about 1\" thick and containing parts of the shoulder bones, and is often known as a \"7-bone steak,\" as the shape of the shoulder bone in cross section resembles the numeral '7'.", "Chuck steak __knowledge__ This cut is usually grilled or broiled; a thicker version is sold as a \"7-bone roast\" or \"chuck roast\" and is usually cooked with liquid as a pot roast.", "Chuck steak __knowledge__ The bone-in chuck steak or roast is one of the more economical cuts of beef.", "Chuck steak __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, this part is commonly referred to as \"braising steak\".", "Muscle __knowledge__ Muscle is a soft tissue found in most animals.", "Muscle __knowledge__ Muscle cells contain protein filaments of actin and myosin that slide past one another, producing a contraction that changes both the length and the shape of the cell.", "Muscle __knowledge__ Muscles function to produce force and motion.", "Muscle __knowledge__ They are primarily responsible for maintaining and changing posture, locomotion, as well as movement of internal organs, such as the contraction of the heart and the movement of food through the digestive system via peristalsis.", "Muscle __knowledge__ Muscle tissues are derived from the mesodermal layer of embryonic germ cells in a process known as myogenesis.", "Muscle __knowledge__ There are three types of muscle, skeletal or striated, cardiac, and smooth.", "Myocyte __knowledge__ A myocyte (also known as a muscle cell) is the type of cell found in muscle tissue.", "Myocyte __knowledge__ Myocytes are long, tubular cells that develop from myoblasts to form muscles in a process known as myogenesis.", "Myocyte __knowledge__ There are various specialized forms of myocytes: cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle cells, with various properties.", "Myocyte __knowledge__ The striated cells of cardiac and skeletal muscles are referred to as muscle fibers.", "Myocyte __knowledge__ Cardiomyocytes are the muscle fibres that form the chambers of the heart, and have a single central nucleus.", "Myocyte __knowledge__ Skeletal muscle fibers help support and move the body and tend to have peripheral nuclei.", "Myocyte __knowledge__ Smooth muscle cells control involuntary movements such as the peristalsis contractions in the oesophagus and stomach.", "Motor control __knowledge__ Motor control is the process by which humans and animals use their brain/cognition to activate and coordinate the muscles and limbs involved in the performance of a motor skill.", "Motor control __knowledge__ Fundamentally, it is the integration of sensory information, both about the world and the current state of the body, to determine the appropriate set of muscle forces and joint activations to generate some desired movement or action.", "Motor control __knowledge__ This process requires cooperative interaction between the central nervous system and the musculoskeletal system, and is thus a problem of information processing, coordination, mechanics, physics, and cognition.", "Gamma motor neuron __knowledge__ A gamma motor neuron (γ motor neuron), also called gamma motoneuron, is a type of lower motor neuron that takes part in the process of muscle contraction, and represents about 30% of (Aγ) fibers going to the muscle.", "Gamma motor neuron __knowledge__ Like alpha motor neurons, their cell bodies are located in the anterior grey column of the spinal cord.", "Gamma motor neuron __knowledge__ They receive input from the reticular formation of the pons in the brainstem.", "Gamma motor neuron __knowledge__ Their axons are smaller than those of the alpha motor neurons, with a diameter of only 5 μm.", "Gamma motor neuron __knowledge__ Unlike the alpha motor neurons, gamma motor neurons do not directly adjust the lengthening or shortening of muscles.", "Alpha motor neuron __knowledge__ Alpha (α) motor neurons (also called alpha motoneurons), are large, multipolar lower motor neurons of the brainstem and spinal cord.", "Alpha motor neuron __knowledge__ They innervate extrafusal muscle fibers of skeletal muscle and are directly responsible for initiating their contraction.", "Alpha motor neuron __knowledge__ Alpha motor neurons are distinct from gamma motor neurons, which innervate intrafusal muscle fibers of muscle spindles.", "Alpha motor neuron __knowledge__ While their cell bodies are found in the central nervous system (CNS), α motor neurons are also considered part of the somatic nervous system—a branch of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)—because their axons extend into the periphery to innervate skeletal muscles.", "Muscle contraction __knowledge__ Muscle contraction is the activation of tension-generating sites within muscle fibers.", "Muscle contraction __knowledge__ In physiology, muscle contraction does not necessarily mean muscle shortening because muscle tension can be produced without changes in muscle length such as holding a heavy book or a dumbbell at the same position.", "Muscle contraction __knowledge__ The termination of muscle contraction is followed by muscle relaxation, which is a return of the muscle fibers to their low tension-generating state.", "Muscle contraction __knowledge__ Muscle contractions can be described based on two variables: length and tension.", "Muscle contraction __knowledge__ A muscle contraction is described as isometric if the muscle tension changes but the muscle length remains the same." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Steak __knowledge__ A steak () is a meat generally sliced across the muscle fibers, potentially including a bone.", "Steak __knowledge__ Exceptions, in which the meat is sliced parallel to the fibers, include the skirt steak that is cut from the plate, the flank steak that is cut from the abdominal muscles, and the famous Silverfinger steak that is cut from the loin and includes three rib bones.", "Steak __knowledge__ When the word \"steak\" is used without qualification, it generally refers to a beefsteak.", "Steak __knowledge__ In a larger sense, there are also fish steaks, ground meat steaks, pork steak and many more varieties of steaks.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are usually grilled, but they can be pan-fried, or broiled.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steak is often grilled in an attempt to replicate the flavor of steak cooked over the glowing coals of an open fire.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steak can also be cooked in sauce, such as in steak and kidney pie, or minced and formed into patties, such as hamburgers.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are also cut from grazing animals, usually farmed, other than cattle, including bison, camel, goat, horse, kangaroo, sheep, ostrich, pigs, reindeer, turkey, deer and zebu as well as various types of fish, especially salmon and large pelagic fish such as swordfish, shark and marlin.", "Steak __knowledge__ For some meats, such as pork, lamb and mutton, chevon and veal, these cuts are often referred to as chops.", "Rib eye steak __knowledge__ The rib eye or ribeye is a beef steak from the rib section.", "Rib eye steak __knowledge__ The rib section of beef spans from ribs six through twelve.", "Rib eye steak __knowledge__ Ribeye steaks are mostly composed of the longissimus dorsi muscle but also contain the complexus and spinalis muscles.", "Rib eye steak __knowledge__ A rib steak is a beef steak sliced from the rib primal of a beef animal, with rib bone attached.", "Rib eye steak __knowledge__ In the United States, the term rib eye steak or Spencer steak is used for a rib steak with the bone removed; however in some areas, and outside the U.S., the terms are often used interchangeably.", "Rib eye steak __knowledge__ The rib eye or \"ribeye\" was originally, as the name implies, the center best portion of the rib steak, without the bone.", "Entrecôte __knowledge__ In French, the word entrecôte () denotes a premium cut of beef used for steaks.", "Entrecôte __knowledge__ A traditional \"entrecôte\" comes from the rib area, corresponding to the steaks known in different parts of the English-speaking world as rib, ribeye, club, Scotch fillet, or Delmonico.", "Entrecôte __knowledge__ The term may also be used in France to denote the sirloin cut properly known as a contre-filet, being the portion of the sirloin on the opposite side of the bone from the filet, or tenderloin.", "Entrecôte __knowledge__ In English, a steak cut from the \"contre-filet\" may be called a Porterhouse steak (as the term is understood in Australia and New Zealand), a sirloin steak, a strip steak, a striploin steak, a wing steak, a club steak, a Delmonico steak, a New York strip steak.", "Beefsteak __knowledge__ A beefsteak is a flat cut of beef, with parallel faces spaced to a thickness of 0.5–2\" (1–5 cm), usually cut perpendicular to the muscle fibers, with a raw mass in common restaurant service ranging from 4–20 ounces (120–600 g).", "Beefsteak __knowledge__ Beefsteaks are usually grilled, pan-fried, or broiled.", "Beefsteak __knowledge__ The more tender cuts from the loin and rib are cooked quickly, using dry heat, and served whole.", "Beefsteak __knowledge__ Less tender cuts from the chuck or round are cooked with moist heat or are mechanically tenderized (\"cf.\"", "Beefsteak __knowledge__ cube steak).", "Beefsteak __knowledge__ In Australia, beefsteak is referred to as just 'steak' and can be purchased uncooked in supermarkets, butchers and some smallgood shops.", "Caesars Palace __knowledge__ Caesars Palace is a AAA Four Diamond luxury hotel and casino in Paradise, Nevada, United States.", "Caesars Palace __knowledge__ The hotel is situated on the west side of the Las Vegas Strip between Bellagio and The Mirage.", "Caesars Palace __knowledge__ It is one of the most prestigious casino hotels in the world and one of Las Vegas's largest and best known landmarks.", "Caesars Palace __knowledge__ Caesars Palace was established in 1966 by Jay Sarno, who sought to create an opulent facility that gave guests a sense of life during the Roman Empire.", "Caesars Palace __knowledge__ It contains many statues, columns, and iconography typical of Hollywood Roman period productions including a statue of Julius Caesar near the entrance.", "Rib steak __knowledge__ A rib steak is a beef steak sliced from the rib primal of a beef animal, with rib bone attached.", "Rib steak __knowledge__ In the United States, the term rib eye steak is used for a rib steak with the bone removed; however in some areas, and outside the U.S., the terms are often used interchangeably.", "Rib steak __knowledge__ The rib eye or \"ribeye\" was originally, as the name implies, the center portion of the rib steak, without the bone.", "Rib steak __knowledge__ It is considered a more flavorful cut than other steaks, such as the fillet, due to the muscle being exercised by the animal during its life.", "Rib steak __knowledge__ Its marbling of fat makes this suitable for slow roasting or grilling cooked to different degrees of doneness.", "Bone __knowledge__ A bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the vertebrate skeleton.", "Bone __knowledge__ Bones support and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells, store minerals, provide structure and support for the body, and enable mobility.", "Bone __knowledge__ Bones come in a variety of shapes and sizes and have a complex internal and external structure.", "Bone __knowledge__ They are lightweight yet strong and hard, and serve multiple functions.", "Bone __knowledge__ Bone tissue (osseous tissue) is a hard tissue, a type of dense connective tissue.", "Bone __knowledge__ It has a honeycomb-like matrix internally, which helps to give the bone rigidity.", "Bone __knowledge__ Bone tissue is made up of different types of bone cells.", "Skirt steak __knowledge__ Skirt steak is a cut of beef steak from the plate.", "Skirt steak __knowledge__ It is long, flat, and prized for its flavor rather than tenderness.", "Skirt steak __knowledge__ It is not to be confused with \"flank steak\", a generally similar adjacent cut nearer the animal's rear quarter.", "Skirt steak __knowledge__ Both the inside and outside skirt steak are the trimmed, boneless portion of the diaphragm muscle attached to the 6th through 12th ribs on the underside of the short plate.", "Skirt steak __knowledge__ This steak is covered in a tough membrane that should be removed before cooking.", "Skirt steak __knowledge__ The inside skirt steak is often confused with the flank steak, which is the tail of the porter house and T-bone steaks of the short loin found on the flank.", "Hanger steak __knowledge__ A hanger steak is a cut of beef steak prized for its flavor.", "Hanger steak __knowledge__ Derived from the diaphragm of a steer or heifer, it typically weighs about .", "Hanger steak __knowledge__ This cut is taken from the plate, which is the lower belly of the animal.", "Hanger steak __knowledge__ In the past it was sometimes known as \"butcher's steak\", because butchers would often keep it for themselves rather than offer it for sale.", "Hanger steak __knowledge__ Hanger steak resembles flank steak in texture and flavor.", "Hanger steak __knowledge__ It is a vaguely V-shaped pair of muscles with a long, inedible membrane running down the middle.", "Hanger steak __knowledge__ The hanger steak is usually the most tender cut on an animal, and is best marinated and cooked quickly over high heat (grilled or broiled) and served rare or medium rare to avoid toughness.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "List of steak dishes __knowledge__ This is a list of steak dishes.", "List of steak dishes __knowledge__ Steak is generally a cut of beef sliced perpendicular to the muscle fibers, or of fish cut perpendicular to the spine.", "List of steak dishes __knowledge__ Meat steaks are usually grilled, pan-fried, or broiled, while fish steaks may also be baked.", "List of steak dishes __knowledge__ Meat cooked in sauce, such as steak and kidney pie, or minced meat formed into a steak shape, such as Salisbury steak and hamburger steak may also be referred to as steak.", "List of steak dishes __knowledge__ Beefsteak is a flat cut of beef, usually cut perpendicular to the muscle fibers.", "List of steak dishes __knowledge__ Beefsteaks are usually grilled, pan-fried, or broiled.", "List of steak dishes __knowledge__ The more tender cuts from the loin and rib are cooked quickly, using dry heat, and served whole.", "Fajita __knowledge__ A fajita (; ) in Tex-Mex cuisine is any grilled meat usually served as a taco on a flour or corn tortilla.", "Fajita __knowledge__ The term originally referred to the cut of beef used in the dish which is known as skirt steak.", "Fajita __knowledge__ Popular meats today also include chicken, pork, shrimp, lamb, salmon, and all other cuts of beef, as well as vegetables instead of meat.", "Fajita __knowledge__ In restaurants, the meat is usually cooked with onions and bell peppers.", "Fajita __knowledge__ Popular condiments are shredded lettuce, sour cream, guacamole, salsa, pico de gallo, shredded cheese, refried beans, and diced tomatoes.", "Fajita __knowledge__ The northern Mexican variant of the dish name is Arrachera." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Steak __knowledge__ A steak () is a meat generally sliced across the muscle fibers, potentially including a bone.", "Steak __knowledge__ Exceptions, in which the meat is sliced parallel to the fibers, include the skirt steak that is cut from the plate, the flank steak that is cut from the abdominal muscles, and the famous Silverfinger steak that is cut from the loin and includes three rib bones.", "Steak __knowledge__ When the word \"steak\" is used without qualification, it generally refers to a beefsteak.", "Steak __knowledge__ In a larger sense, there are also fish steaks, ground meat steaks, pork steak and many more varieties of steaks.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are usually grilled, but they can be pan-fried, or broiled.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steak is often grilled in an attempt to replicate the flavor of steak cooked over the glowing coals of an open fire.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steak can also be cooked in sauce, such as in steak and kidney pie, or minced and formed into patties, such as hamburgers.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are also cut from grazing animals, usually farmed, other than cattle, including bison, camel, goat, horse, kangaroo, sheep, ostrich, pigs, reindeer, turkey, deer and zebu as well as various types of fish, especially salmon and large pelagic fish such as swordfish, shark and marlin.", "Steak __knowledge__ For some meats, such as pork, lamb and mutton, chevon and veal, these cuts are often referred to as chops.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Yea ( ) is a town in Victoria, Australia north-east of Melbourne at the junction of the Goulburn Valley Highway and the Melba Highway, in the Shire of Murrindindi local government area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ In an area originally inhabited by the Taungurong people, it was first visited by Europeans of the Hume and Hovell expedition in 1824, and within 15 years most of the land in the area had been taken up by graziers.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Surveyed in 1855, the township grew as a service centre for grazing, gold-mining and timber-getting in the area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ The town has had a fairly stable population (around 1,100) since 1900, though it now has a relatively old population.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Lacy Walter Giles Yea (20 May 1808 – 18 June 1855) was a British Army colonel, known for his role in the Crimean War, where he was killed in action.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Born in Park Row, Bristol, on 20 May 1808, he was eldest son of Sir William Walter Yea, second baronet, of Pyrland, near Taunton, Somerset, who married, on 24 June 1805, Anne Heckstetter (d. 1846), youngest daughter of Colonel David Michel of Dulish House, Dorset.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Lacy Yea was educated at Eton College.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ He was commissioned as ensign in the 37th foot on 6 October 1825, obtained an unattached lieutenancy on 19 December 1826, was appointed to the 5th Foot on 13 March 1827, and exchanged to the 7th (Royal Fusiliers) on 13 March 1828.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ 1776 is a musical with music and lyrics by Sherman Edwards and a book by Peter Stone.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ The story is based on the events surrounding the signing of the Declaration of Independence.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ It dramatizes the efforts of John Adams to persuade his colleagues to vote for American independence and to sign the document.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ It premiered on Broadway in 1969, earning warm reviews, and ran for 1,217 performances.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ The production was nominated for five Tony Awards and won three, including the Tony Award for Best Musical.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ In 1972 it was made into a film adaptation.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ It was revived on Broadway in 1997.", "1776 (musical) __knowledge__ In 1925, Rodgers and Hart had written a musical about the American Revolution, called \"Dearest Enemy\".", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ There are many varieties of criticism.", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ This article describes common types that occur regularly in everyday life.", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ For other criteria that classify criticisms, see this page.", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ For more subject-specific information, see the pages on topics such as art, film, literature, theatre, or architecture.", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ Aesthetic criticism is a part of aesthetics concerned with critically judging beauty and ugliness, tastefulness and tastelessness, style and fashion, meaning and quality of design—and issues of human sentiment and affect (the evoking of pleasure and pain, likes and dislikes).", "Varieties of criticism __knowledge__ Most parts of human life have an aesthetic dimension, which means there is plenty potential for criticism.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ Daniel R. Liljenquist (born July 10, 1974) is an American businessman and former politician.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ He was a Republican member of the Utah State Senate representing the state's 23rd senate district in Davis County from January 2009 to December 2011.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ He resigned to run in the 2012 election for U.S. Senate against 36-year-incumbent United States Senator Orrin Hatch.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ Liljenquist was defeated by Hatch in the primary election.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ He currently consults on pension reform and healthcare.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ He serves on the boards of the Lucy Burns Institute, which publishes Ballotpedia, and the Utah Debate Commission.", "Dan Liljenquist __knowledge__ Born in Nashville to Dr. John E. Liljenquist and Colleen Redford Liljenquist, he spent most of his childhood in Idaho Falls.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ Yea Big + Kid Static is a hip-hop duo formerly based out of Chicago, Illinois.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ The group's two members, Stefen Robinson and Moses Harris, Jr., have been working together since 2005.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ The duo of Yea Big + Kid Static was formed in late 2005 by Stefen Robinson (Yea Big) and Moses Harris, Jr. (Kid Static).", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ Their work is a blend of sample-based experimental hip-hop, D.I.Y.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ punk, and roots music.", "Yea Big + Kid Static __knowledge__ Yea Big + Kid Static has toured with bands as diverse as The Mae Shi, Rapider Than Horsepower, Bark Bark Bark and Gentleman Auction House; and released a digital-only side project, \"Secretary\", with Brad Breeck (of The Mae Shi) and Andrea Cochran.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ The Shire of Yea was a local government area about northeast of Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ The shire covered an area of , and existed from 1869 until 1994.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ The shire's population was dominated by the town of Yea.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ Yea was first incorporated as a road district on 1 February 1869, and became a shire on 28 November 1873.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ Its boundaries changed a number of times throughout its existence: The Shire was described in the 1949 Australian Blue Book as an elevated area given to pastoral and dairying pursuits, along with sheep and cattle grazing.", "Shire of Yea __knowledge__ By 1994, 51% of Yea's land was under cultivation as farmland, with the Kinglake National Park and Yea River Regional Park as well as the Murrindindi Forest, the latter being important to Yea's economy for timber production, accounting for much of the rest.", "Skirt steak __knowledge__ Skirt steak is a cut of beef steak from the plate.", "Skirt steak __knowledge__ It is long, flat, and prized for its flavor rather than tenderness.", "Skirt steak __knowledge__ It is not to be confused with \"flank steak\", a generally similar adjacent cut nearer the animal's rear quarter.", "Skirt steak __knowledge__ Both the inside and outside skirt steak are the trimmed, boneless portion of the diaphragm muscle attached to the 6th through 12th ribs on the underside of the short plate.", "Skirt steak __knowledge__ This steak is covered in a tough membrane that should be removed before cooking.", "Skirt steak __knowledge__ The inside skirt steak is often confused with the flank steak, which is the tail of the porter house and T-bone steaks of the short loin found on the flank.", "Hanger steak __knowledge__ A hanger steak is a cut of beef steak prized for its flavor.", "Hanger steak __knowledge__ Derived from the diaphragm of a steer or heifer, it typically weighs about .", "Hanger steak __knowledge__ This cut is taken from the plate, which is the lower belly of the animal.", "Hanger steak __knowledge__ In the past it was sometimes known as \"butcher's steak\", because butchers would often keep it for themselves rather than offer it for sale.", "Hanger steak __knowledge__ Hanger steak resembles flank steak in texture and flavor.", "Hanger steak __knowledge__ It is a vaguely V-shaped pair of muscles with a long, inedible membrane running down the middle.", "Hanger steak __knowledge__ The hanger steak is usually the most tender cut on an animal, and is best marinated and cooked quickly over high heat (grilled or broiled) and served rare or medium rare to avoid toughness.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Fajita __knowledge__ A fajita (; ) in Tex-Mex cuisine is any grilled meat usually served as a taco on a flour or corn tortilla.", "Fajita __knowledge__ The term originally referred to the cut of beef used in the dish which is known as skirt steak.", "Fajita __knowledge__ Popular meats today also include chicken, pork, shrimp, lamb, salmon, and all other cuts of beef, as well as vegetables instead of meat.", "Fajita __knowledge__ In restaurants, the meat is usually cooked with onions and bell peppers.", "Fajita __knowledge__ Popular condiments are shredded lettuce, sour cream, guacamole, salsa, pico de gallo, shredded cheese, refried beans, and diced tomatoes.", "Fajita __knowledge__ The northern Mexican variant of the dish name is Arrachera.", "Beefsteak __knowledge__ A beefsteak is a flat cut of beef, with parallel faces spaced to a thickness of 0.5–2\" (1–5 cm), usually cut perpendicular to the muscle fibers, with a raw mass in common restaurant service ranging from 4–20 ounces (120–600 g).", "Beefsteak __knowledge__ Beefsteaks are usually grilled, pan-fried, or broiled.", "Beefsteak __knowledge__ The more tender cuts from the loin and rib are cooked quickly, using dry heat, and served whole.", "Beefsteak __knowledge__ Less tender cuts from the chuck or round are cooked with moist heat or are mechanically tenderized (\"cf.\"", "Beefsteak __knowledge__ cube steak).", "Beefsteak __knowledge__ In Australia, beefsteak is referred to as just 'steak' and can be purchased uncooked in supermarkets, butchers and some smallgood shops.", "Flank steak __knowledge__ The flank steak is a beef steak cut from the abdominal muscles or lower chest of the cow.", "Flank steak __knowledge__ The cut is common in Colombia, where it is known as \"sobrebarriga\", literally meaning \"over the belly\".", "Flank steak __knowledge__ A thin flank steak in South America is known as a \"matambre\".", "Flank steak __knowledge__ A relatively long and flat cut, flank steak is used in a variety of dishes including London broil and as an alternative to the traditional skirt steak in \"fajitas\".", "Flank steak __knowledge__ It can be grilled, pan-fried, broiled, or braised for increased tenderness.", "Flank steak __knowledge__ Grain (meat fibre) is very apparent in flank steaks, as it comes from a well-exercised part of the cow, and many chefs cut across the grain to make the meat more tender." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 2, 3 ]

[ "I love eating steak, and they are generally sliced across the muscle fibers.", "Same here! Some steak is cut parallel to the fibers, like skirt steak,", "I guess it makes skirt steak more tender to cut it parallel to the fibers then.", "Also when steak is used without any other words, they usually mean beefsteak." ]

[ "Steak", "Steak", "Steak", "Steak" ]

[ "Autism\nIts crazy how many children have autism these days.", "Some people think it comes from getting vaccines, but personally I think it is something to do with the foods we eat.", "I have worked with Autistic children in schools. Some are not bad to work with but some were nightmares!", "I wouldn't consider myself a hero, but one who is willing to help anyone. Even though the job had its challenges it was also rewarding at times to know you were helping children who are really in need.", "Now I work with a normal student population, but there is still kids with autism in the classes. It is unbelievable how many kids are now presenting with this disease." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Autism __knowledge__ Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by troubles with social interaction and communication.", "Autism __knowledge__ Often there is also restricted and repetitive behavior.", "Autism __knowledge__ Parents usually notice signs in the first two or three years of their child's life.", "Autism __knowledge__ These signs often develop gradually, though some children with autism reach their developmental milestones at a normal pace and then worsen.", "Autism __knowledge__ Autism is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.", "Autism __knowledge__ Risk factors include certain infections during pregnancy such as rubella as well as valproic acid, alcohol, or cocaine use during pregnancy.", "Autism __knowledge__ Controversies surround other proposed environmental causes; for example the vaccine hypotheses, which have been disproven.", "Autism __knowledge__ Autism affects information processing in the brain by altering how nerve cells and their synapses connect and organize; how this occurs is not well understood.", "Autism __knowledge__ In the DSM V, autism is included within the autism spectrum (ASDs), along with Asperger syndrome which is less severe, and pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS).", "Autism __knowledge__ Early speech or behavioral interventions can help children with autism gain self-care, social, and communication skills.", "Autism __knowledge__ Although there is no known cure, there have been cases of children who recovered.", "Autism spectrum __knowledge__ Autism spectrum, also known as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is a range of conditions classified as neurodevelopmental disorders.", "Autism spectrum __knowledge__ Individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder present with two types of symptoms: problems in social communication and social interaction, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities.", "Autism spectrum __knowledge__ Symptoms are typically recognized between one and two years of age.", "Autism spectrum __knowledge__ The cause of autism spectrum is unclear.", "Autism spectrum __knowledge__ Risk factors include having an older parent, a family history of the condition, and certain genetic conditions.", "Autism spectrum __knowledge__ Diagnosis is based on symptoms.", "Global perceptions of autism __knowledge__ This article discusses diagnosis, treatment, and experiences of autism globally.", "Global perceptions of autism __knowledge__ Although the diagnosis of autisms is rising in post-industrial nations, diagnosis rates are much lower in developing nations.", "Global perceptions of autism __knowledge__ Reasons given by researchers for this discrepancy include more awareness and better detection in developed nations and cultural differences such that symptoms associated with autism may be considered normal behavior in some cultures.", "Global perceptions of autism __knowledge__ However, many scientists theorize that other factors may also be responsible for the increasing rates in post-industrial countries.", "Global perceptions of autism __knowledge__ Some claim that about one third of ASD is due to immune dysregulation during pregnancy.", "Autism therapies __knowledge__ Autism therapies are interventions that attempt to lessen the deficits and problem behaviours associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in order to increase the quality of life and functional independence of autistic individuals.", "Autism therapies __knowledge__ Treatment is typically catered to person's needs.", "Autism therapies __knowledge__ Treatments fall into two major categories: educational interventions and medical management.", "Autism therapies __knowledge__ Training and support are also given to families of those with ASD.", "Autism therapies __knowledge__ Studies of interventions have some methodological problems that prevent definitive conclusions about efficacy.", "Autism therapies __knowledge__ Although many psychosocial interventions have some positive evidence, suggesting that some form of treatment is preferable to no treatment, the systematic reviews have reported that the quality of these studies has generally been poor, their clinical results are mostly tentative, and there is little evidence for the relative effectiveness of treatment options.", "Autism Speaks __knowledge__ Autism Speaks is an autism advocacy organization in the United States that sponsors autism research and conducts awareness and outreach activities aimed at families, governments, and the public.", "Autism Speaks __knowledge__ It was founded in February 2005 by Bob Wright, vice chairman of General Electric, and his wife Suzanne, a year after their grandson Christian was diagnosed with autism.", "Autism Speaks __knowledge__ Some autism activists who see autism as simply a \"difference\" rather than a disease have criticized Autism Speaks and its proponents for seeking a cure.", "Autism Speaks __knowledge__ In response, its defenders have pointed to the significant challenges associated with low-functioning autism, Autism Speaks' legal achievements, and the various services and awareness initiatives the organization provides.", "Causes of autism __knowledge__ Many causes of autism have been proposed, but understanding of the theory of causation of autism and the other autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is incomplete.", "Causes of autism __knowledge__ Research indicates that genetic factors predominate.", "Causes of autism __knowledge__ The heritability of autism, however, is complex, and it is typically unclear which genes are responsible.", "Causes of autism __knowledge__ In rare cases, autism is strongly associated with agents that cause birth defects.", "Causes of autism __knowledge__ Many other causes have been proposed, such as childhood immunizations, but numerous epidemiological studies have shown no scientific evidence supporting any link between vaccinations and autism.", "Causes of autism __knowledge__ Autism involves atypical brain development which often becomes apparent in behavior and social development before a child is three years old.", "Sociological and cultural aspects of autism __knowledge__ Sociological and cultural aspects of autism come into play with recognition of autism, approaches to its support services and therapies, and how autism affects the definition of personhood.", "Sociological and cultural aspects of autism __knowledge__ The autistic community is divided primarily into two camps; the autism rights movement and the autism cure movement.", "Sociological and cultural aspects of autism __knowledge__ The autism rights movement believes autism is a different way of being and advocates against a cure.", "Sociological and cultural aspects of autism __knowledge__ On the other hand, the autism cure movement advocates for a cure.", "Sociological and cultural aspects of autism __knowledge__ There are many autism-related events and celebrations; including World Autism Awareness Day, Autism Sunday and Autistic Pride Day." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Autism __knowledge__ Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by troubles with social interaction and communication.", "Autism __knowledge__ Often there is also restricted and repetitive behavior.", "Autism __knowledge__ Parents usually notice signs in the first two or three years of their child's life.", "Autism __knowledge__ These signs often develop gradually, though some children with autism reach their developmental milestones at a normal pace and then worsen.", "Autism __knowledge__ Autism is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.", "Autism __knowledge__ Risk factors include certain infections during pregnancy such as rubella as well as valproic acid, alcohol, or cocaine use during pregnancy.", "Autism __knowledge__ Controversies surround other proposed environmental causes; for example the vaccine hypotheses, which have been disproven.", "Autism __knowledge__ Autism affects information processing in the brain by altering how nerve cells and their synapses connect and organize; how this occurs is not well understood.", "Autism __knowledge__ In the DSM V, autism is included within the autism spectrum (ASDs), along with Asperger syndrome which is less severe, and pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS).", "Autism __knowledge__ Early speech or behavioral interventions can help children with autism gain self-care, social, and communication skills.", "Autism __knowledge__ Although there is no known cure, there have been cases of children who recovered.", "Jill Stein __knowledge__ Jill Ellen Stein (born May 14, 1950) is an American physician, activist, and politician.", "Jill Stein __knowledge__ She was the Green Party's nominee for President of the United States in the 2012 and 2016 elections.", "Jill Stein __knowledge__ She was an unsuccessful candidate for governor of Massachusetts in 2002 and 2010.", "Jill Stein __knowledge__ Stein was born in Chicago, Illinois, the daughter of Gladys (\"née\" Wool) and Joseph Stein.", "Jill Stein __knowledge__ She was raised in Highland Park, Illinois.", "Jill Stein __knowledge__ Her parents were descended from Russian Jews, and Stein was raised in a Reform Jewish household, attending Chicago's North Shore Congregation Israel.", "Jill Stein __knowledge__ She now considers herself agnostic.", "Jill Stein __knowledge__ In 1973, Stein graduated \"magna cum laude\" from Harvard College, where she studied psychology, sociology, and anthropology.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton, the nominee of the Democratic Party for president of the United States in 2016, has taken positions on political issues while serving as First Lady of Arkansas (1979–81; 1983–92), First Lady of the United States (1993–2001); as U.S.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Senator from New York (2001–2009); and serving as the United States Secretary of State (2009–2013).", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In accordance with longstanding custom, during her time as Secretary of State she largely avoided taking stances on most domestic political issues.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In 2015, she announced her candidacy for the presidency.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Clinton won the Democratic primaries and formally became the party's nominee at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.", "Influenza vaccine __knowledge__ Influenza vaccines, also known as flu shots or flu jabs, are vaccines that protect against infection by Influenza viruses.", "Influenza vaccine __knowledge__ A new version of the vaccine is developed twice a year, as the Influenza virus rapidly changes.", "Influenza vaccine __knowledge__ While their effectiveness varies from year to year, most provide modest to high protection against influenza.", "Influenza vaccine __knowledge__ The CDC estimates that vaccination against influenza reduces sickness, medical visits, hospitalizations, and deaths.", "Influenza vaccine __knowledge__ When an immunized worker does catch the flu, they are on average back at work a half day sooner.", "Influenza vaccine __knowledge__ Vaccine effectiveness in those under two years old and over 65 years old remains unknown due to the low quality of the research.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ is the longest-running noontime variety show in the Philippines.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The show has featured hundreds of segments and competitions since its debut on July 30, 1979.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The following is an incomplete list of the segments of \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ throughout its thirty-eight year run on television.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The segments are organized alphabetically by title.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ It is a special segment that has a similar concept with \"I Object, Your Honor\" and \"I Object, #NasaanAngHustisya?", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \", that tests the cleverness and originality of the \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ hosts.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The hosts are divided into two teams.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ In each round, both teams are given one specific object.", "Autism therapies __knowledge__ Autism therapies are interventions that attempt to lessen the deficits and problem behaviours associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in order to increase the quality of life and functional independence of autistic individuals.", "Autism therapies __knowledge__ Treatment is typically catered to person's needs.", "Autism therapies __knowledge__ Treatments fall into two major categories: educational interventions and medical management.", "Autism therapies __knowledge__ Training and support are also given to families of those with ASD.", "Autism therapies __knowledge__ Studies of interventions have some methodological problems that prevent definitive conclusions about efficacy.", "Autism therapies __knowledge__ Although many psychosocial interventions have some positive evidence, suggesting that some form of treatment is preferable to no treatment, the systematic reviews have reported that the quality of these studies has generally been poor, their clinical results are mostly tentative, and there is little evidence for the relative effectiveness of treatment options.", "Child development __knowledge__ Child development entails the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of adolescence, as the individual progresses from dependency to increasing autonomy.", "Child development __knowledge__ It is a continuous process with a predictable sequence, yet having a unique course for every child.", "Child development __knowledge__ It does not progress at the same rate and each stage is affected by the preceding developmental experiences.", "Child development __knowledge__ Because these developmental changes may be strongly influenced by genetic factors and events during prenatal life, genetics and prenatal development are usually included as part of the study of child development.", "Theory of mind __knowledge__ Theory of mind (often abbreviated ToM) is the ability to attribute mental states—beliefs, intents, desires, pretending, knowledge, etc.—to oneself, and to others, and to understand that others have beliefs, desires, intentions, and perspectives that are different from one's own.", "Theory of mind __knowledge__ Deficits can occur in people with autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, cocaine addiction, and brain damage suffered from alcohol's neurotoxicity.", "Theory of mind __knowledge__ Although philosophical approaches to this exist, the theory of mind as such is distinct from the philosophy of mind.", "Theory of mind __knowledge__ Theory of mind is a theory insofar as the mind is the only thing being directly observed.", "Child abuse __knowledge__ Child abuse or child maltreatment is physical, sexual, or psychological maltreatment or neglect of a child or children, especially by a parent or other caregiver.", "Child abuse __knowledge__ Child abuse may include any act or failure to act by a parent or other caregiver that results in actual or potential harm to a child, and can occur in a child's home, or in the organizations, schools or communities the child interacts with.", "Child abuse __knowledge__ The terms \"child abuse\" and \"child maltreatment\" are often used interchangeably, although some researchers make a distinction between them, treating \"child maltreatment\" as an umbrella term to cover neglect, exploitation, and trafficking.", "Attachment therapy __knowledge__ Attachment therapy is a controversial category of alternative child mental health interventions intended to treat attachment disorders.", "Attachment therapy __knowledge__ The term generally includes accompanying parenting techniques.", "Attachment therapy __knowledge__ Other names or particular techniques include \"the Evergreen model\", \"holding time\", \"rage-reduction\", \"compression therapy\", \"rebirthing\", \"corrective attachment therapy\" and Coercive Restraint Therapy.", "Attachment therapy __knowledge__ It is found primarily in the United States, and much of it is centered in about a dozen clinics in Evergreen, Colorado, where Foster Cline, one of the founders, established his clinic in the 1970s.", "Attachment therapy __knowledge__ This article describes this particular set of interventions although in clinical literature the term \"attachment therapy\" is sometimes used loosely to mean any intervention based on attachment theory, particularly outside the US." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Autism __knowledge__ Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by troubles with social interaction and communication.", "Autism __knowledge__ Often there is also restricted and repetitive behavior.", "Autism __knowledge__ Parents usually notice signs in the first two or three years of their child's life.", "Autism __knowledge__ These signs often develop gradually, though some children with autism reach their developmental milestones at a normal pace and then worsen.", "Autism __knowledge__ Autism is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.", "Autism __knowledge__ Risk factors include certain infections during pregnancy such as rubella as well as valproic acid, alcohol, or cocaine use during pregnancy.", "Autism __knowledge__ Controversies surround other proposed environmental causes; for example the vaccine hypotheses, which have been disproven.", "Autism __knowledge__ Autism affects information processing in the brain by altering how nerve cells and their synapses connect and organize; how this occurs is not well understood.", "Autism __knowledge__ In the DSM V, autism is included within the autism spectrum (ASDs), along with Asperger syndrome which is less severe, and pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS).", "Autism __knowledge__ Early speech or behavioral interventions can help children with autism gain self-care, social, and communication skills.", "Autism __knowledge__ Although there is no known cure, there have been cases of children who recovered.", "Autism therapies __knowledge__ Autism therapies are interventions that attempt to lessen the deficits and problem behaviours associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in order to increase the quality of life and functional independence of autistic individuals.", "Autism therapies __knowledge__ Treatment is typically catered to person's needs.", "Autism therapies __knowledge__ Treatments fall into two major categories: educational interventions and medical management.", "Autism therapies __knowledge__ Training and support are also given to families of those with ASD.", "Autism therapies __knowledge__ Studies of interventions have some methodological problems that prevent definitive conclusions about efficacy.", "Autism therapies __knowledge__ Although many psychosocial interventions have some positive evidence, suggesting that some form of treatment is preferable to no treatment, the systematic reviews have reported that the quality of these studies has generally been poor, their clinical results are mostly tentative, and there is little evidence for the relative effectiveness of treatment options.", "Autism rights movement __knowledge__ The autism rights movement (ARM), also known as the autistic culture movement, is a social movement within the neurodiversity and disability rights movements that encourages autistic people, their caregivers and society to adopt a position of neurodiversity, accepting autism as a variation in functioning rather than a disorder to be cured.", "Autism rights movement __knowledge__ The ARM advocates a variety of goals including a greater acceptance of autistic behaviors; therapies that teach autistic individuals coping skills rather than therapies focused on imitating behaviors of neurotypical peers; the creation of social networks and events that allow autistic people to socialize on their own terms; and the recognition of the autistic community as a minority group.", "AOAart __knowledge__ AOAart.cn (Autistic or Artistic?", "AOAart __knowledge__ Art) is an organisation created by the Beijing Rehabilitation Association of Autistic Children, that allows autistic individuals to express their originality and personality through art.", "AOAart __knowledge__ The society aims to raise awareness of autism whilst supporting the individuals in their realization of self-value and to become part of a community with their own power, thus regaining pride and dignity for autistic people.", "AOAart __knowledge__ 1.", "AOAart __knowledge__ To regain pride and dignity for autistic people.", "AOAart __knowledge__ 2.", "AOAart __knowledge__ To support autistic people in their realization of self-value and to return to the community with their own power.", "Autism and working memory __knowledge__ Autism is a variation of neural development diagnosed as impaired social interaction and communication, and by restricted and repetitive behavior.", "Autism and working memory __knowledge__ It affects an estimated 1 in 100 people.", "Autism and working memory __knowledge__ Autism is one of three recognized variations in the autism spectrum (ASDs), the other two being Asperger syndrome, which lacks delays in cognitive development and language, and pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), which is diagnosed when the full set of criteria for autism or Asperger syndrome are not met.", "Autism and working memory __knowledge__ In this article, the word \"autism\" is used for referring to the whole range of variations on the autism spectrum, which is not uncommon.", "Geir Bjørklund __knowledge__ Geir Bjørklund (born April 20, 1969 in Mo i Rana, Norway) is an independent researcher, medical/health science writer, editor, and advisor to international scientific journals.", "Geir Bjørklund __knowledge__ Bjørklund is founder and president of the Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM).", "Geir Bjørklund __knowledge__ CONEM is an international non-profit association based in Norway, which is best known for its research related to heavy metals, autoimmune disorders, and autism.", "Geir Bjørklund __knowledge__ Bjørklund is a member of the World Association of Medical Editors.", "Geir Bjørklund __knowledge__ In 1995, Geir Bjørklund founded , which is the membership magazine of the Norwegian Dental Patient Association ().", "Anna Kennedy __knowledge__ Anna Kennedy (born March 12, 1960) is well known for setting up schools to provide an improved education and other facilities for special children affected by Asperger Syndrome and Autism.", "Anna Kennedy __knowledge__ She has now expanded her support for these special children including two schools, a college, a respite home and a website with over 50,000 international followers She was appointed an OBE (Royal Reward for Inspirational Mother) Award by Queen Elizabeth II at Buckingham Palace in 2012 for her services.", "Anna Kennedy __knowledge__ Anna born in Middlesbrough, to Maria and Antonino Sammarone.", "Anna Kennedy __knowledge__ She studied at Sacred Heart School Middlesbrough.", "Heritability of autism __knowledge__ The heritability of autism is the proportion of differences in expression of autism that can be explained by genetic variation; if the heritability of a condition is high, then the condition is considered to be primarily genetic.", "Heritability of autism __knowledge__ Autism has a strong genetic basis, although the genetics of autism is complex and it is unclear whether autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is explained more by multigene interactions or by rare mutations with major effects.", "Heritability of autism __knowledge__ Early studies of twins estimated the heritability of autism to be more than 90%--meaning that 90% of the differences between autistic and non-autistic individuals was due to genetics.", "Race and intelligence __knowledge__ The connection between race and intelligence has been a subject of debate in both popular science and academic research since the inception of IQ testing in the early 20th century.", "Race and intelligence __knowledge__ While tests have broadly shown differences in average scores based on self-identified race or ethnicity, there is considerable debate as to whether and to what extent those differences reflect environmental factors as opposed to genetic ones, as well as to the definitions of what \"race\" and \"intelligence\" are, and whether they can be objectively defined at all.", "Race and intelligence __knowledge__ Currently, there is no non-circumstantial evidence that these differences in test scores have a genetic component, although some researchers believe that the existing circumstantial evidence makes it at least plausible that hard evidence for a genetic component will eventually be found.", "Child development __knowledge__ Child development entails the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of adolescence, as the individual progresses from dependency to increasing autonomy.", "Child development __knowledge__ It is a continuous process with a predictable sequence, yet having a unique course for every child.", "Child development __knowledge__ It does not progress at the same rate and each stage is affected by the preceding developmental experiences.", "Child development __knowledge__ Because these developmental changes may be strongly influenced by genetic factors and events during prenatal life, genetics and prenatal development are usually included as part of the study of child development.", "Causes of mental disorders __knowledge__ As defined by experts with a biomedical background, a mental disorder is \"a clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome or psychological pattern that occurs in an individual and that is associated with present disability or with a significantly increased risk of suffering, death, pain, disability, or an important loss of freedom.\"", "Causes of mental disorders __knowledge__ The causes of mental disorders are generally complex and vary depending on the particular disorder and the individual.", "Causes of mental disorders __knowledge__ Although the causes of most mental disorders are unknown, it has been found that different biological, psychological, and environmental factors can all contribute to the development or progression of mental disorders.", "Causes of schizophrenia __knowledge__ The causes of schizophrenia have been the subject of much debate, with various factors proposed and discounted or modified.", "Causes of schizophrenia __knowledge__ The language of schizophrenia research under the medical model is scientific.", "Causes of schizophrenia __knowledge__ Such studies suggest that genetics, prenatal development, early environment, neurobiology and psychological and social processes are important contributory factors.", "Causes of schizophrenia __knowledge__ Current psychiatric research into the development of the disorder is often based on a neurodevelopmental model (proponents of which see schizophrenia as a syndrome.)", "Causes of schizophrenia __knowledge__ However, schizophrenia is diagnosed on the basis of symptom profiles.", "Cleft lip and cleft palate __knowledge__ Cleft lip and cleft palate, also known as orofacial cleft, is a group of conditions that includes cleft lip (CL), cleft palate (CP), and both together (CLP).", "Cleft lip and cleft palate __knowledge__ A cleft lip contains an opening in the upper lip that may extend into the nose.", "Cleft lip and cleft palate __knowledge__ The opening may be on one side, both sides, or in the middle.", "Cleft lip and cleft palate __knowledge__ A cleft palate is when the roof of the mouth contains an opening into the nose.", "Cleft lip and cleft palate __knowledge__ These disorders can result in feeding problems, speech problems, hearing problems, and frequent ear infections.", "Cleft lip and cleft palate __knowledge__ Less than half the time the condition is associated with other disorders.", "Cleft lip and cleft palate __knowledge__ Cleft lip and palate are the result of tissues of the face not joining properly during development.", "Cerebral palsy __knowledge__ Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of permanent movement disorders that appear in early childhood.", "Cerebral palsy __knowledge__ Signs and symptoms vary among people.", "Cerebral palsy __knowledge__ Often, symptoms include poor coordination, stiff muscles, weak muscles, and tremors.", "Cerebral palsy __knowledge__ There may be problems with sensation, vision, hearing, swallowing, and speaking.", "Cerebral palsy __knowledge__ Often babies with cerebral palsy do not roll over, sit, crawl, or walk as early as other children of their age.", "Cerebral palsy __knowledge__ Other symptoms may include seizures and problems with thinking or reasoning, either of which occurs in about one third of people with CP.", "Cerebral palsy __knowledge__ While the symptoms may get more noticeable over the first few years of life, the underlying problems do not worsen over time." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Autism __knowledge__ Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by troubles with social interaction and communication.", "Autism __knowledge__ Often there is also restricted and repetitive behavior.", "Autism __knowledge__ Parents usually notice signs in the first two or three years of their child's life.", "Autism __knowledge__ These signs often develop gradually, though some children with autism reach their developmental milestones at a normal pace and then worsen.", "Autism __knowledge__ Autism is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.", "Autism __knowledge__ Risk factors include certain infections during pregnancy such as rubella as well as valproic acid, alcohol, or cocaine use during pregnancy.", "Autism __knowledge__ Controversies surround other proposed environmental causes; for example the vaccine hypotheses, which have been disproven.", "Autism __knowledge__ Autism affects information processing in the brain by altering how nerve cells and their synapses connect and organize; how this occurs is not well understood.", "Autism __knowledge__ In the DSM V, autism is included within the autism spectrum (ASDs), along with Asperger syndrome which is less severe, and pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS).", "Autism __knowledge__ Early speech or behavioral interventions can help children with autism gain self-care, social, and communication skills.", "Autism __knowledge__ Although there is no known cure, there have been cases of children who recovered.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "List of OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes characters __knowledge__ The American animated series \"OK K.O.!", "List of OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes characters __knowledge__ Let's Be Heroes\" features a diverse fictional cast created by Ian Jones-Quartey.", "List of OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes characters __knowledge__ The series centers on K.O.", "List of OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes characters __knowledge__ (voiced by Stephanie Nadolny alternating with Courtenay Taylor) and his efforts to become a true hero.", "List of OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes characters __knowledge__ In order to do so, he starts working at Gar's Bodega owned by the all powerful Mr. Gar (voiced by David Herman) and run by his two teenage employees Enid (voiced by Ashly Burch) and Radicles \"Rad\" (voiced by Ian Jones-Quartey).", "List of OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes characters __knowledge__ Together they battle the evil forces of Boxmore, owned by the sinister Lord Boxman (voiced by Jim Cummings).", "List of OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes characters __knowledge__ K.O.", "List of OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes characters __knowledge__ also receives help from a variety of people including his mother Carol (voiced by Kate Flannery) and his best friend Dendy (voiced by Melissa Fahn).", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton, the nominee of the Democratic Party for president of the United States in 2016, has taken positions on political issues while serving as First Lady of Arkansas (1979–81; 1983–92), First Lady of the United States (1993–2001); as U.S.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Senator from New York (2001–2009); and serving as the United States Secretary of State (2009–2013).", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In accordance with longstanding custom, during her time as Secretary of State she largely avoided taking stances on most domestic political issues.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In 2015, she announced her candidacy for the presidency.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Clinton won the Democratic primaries and formally became the party's nominee at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.", "List of Kung Fu Panda characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the DreamWorks animated film media franchise \"Kung Fu Panda\", with their shorts and specials \"Secrets of the Furious Five\", \"Kung Fu Panda Holiday\", \"\", and \"\", as well as the video games and TV show \"\".", "List of Kung Fu Panda characters __knowledge__ The world of \"Kung Fu Panda\" is a fantasized version of ancient China as typically depicted in the wuxia film genre populated by anthropomorphized Asian animals where the martial arts can have magical qualities on top of extraordinary physical prowess for those sufficiently skilled.", "List of Kung Fu Panda characters __knowledge__ Master Po Ping (Chinese for \"Precious Peace\"), born Lotus Shan, is the titular protagonist of the \"Kung Fu Panda\" franchise.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Northumbrian Water __knowledge__ Northumbrian Water Limited is a water company in the United Kingdom, providing mains water and sewerage services in the English counties of Northumberland, Tyne and Wear, Durham and parts of North Yorkshire, and also supplying water as Essex and Suffolk Water.", "Northumbrian Water __knowledge__ It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Northumbrian Water Group.", "Northumbrian Water __knowledge__ Northumbrian Water Limited is a private limited company registered in England and Wales under company number 2366703, incorporated in this form in 1989.", "Northumbrian Water __knowledge__ Northumbrian Water's operations cover an area of 1488 miles (9,400 km) and extend from the urban conurbations of Tyneside, Wearside and Teesside to the sparsely populated rural districts of Durham and Northumberland.", "Essex and Suffolk Water __knowledge__ Essex and Suffolk Water is a water supply company in the United Kingdom.", "Essex and Suffolk Water __knowledge__ It operates in two geographically distinct areas, one serving parts of Norfolk and Suffolk, and the other serving parts of Essex and Greater London.", "Essex and Suffolk Water __knowledge__ The total population served is 1.8 million.", "Essex and Suffolk Water __knowledge__ Essex and Suffolk is a 'water only' supplier, with sewerage services provided by Anglian Water and Thames Water within its areas of supply.", "Essex and Suffolk Water __knowledge__ It is part of the Northumbrian Water Group.", "Essex and Suffolk Water __knowledge__ The South Essex Waterworks Company and the Southend Waterworks Company merged to form the Essex Water Company in 1970.", "Essex and Suffolk Water __knowledge__ In 1994 the Essex Water Company merged with Suffolk Water Company to form Essex and Suffolk Water.", "Blackburn Meadows __knowledge__ Blackburn Meadows is an area of land just inside the Sheffield city border at Tinsley, England.", "Blackburn Meadows __knowledge__ It became the location of the main sewage treatment works for the city in 1884, and is now one of the largest treatment works in Britain.", "Blackburn Meadows __knowledge__ The treatment process was rudimentary, with sludge being removed to ponds and then to drying beds, after which it was used as manure or transferred by rail to a tip at Kilnhurst.", "Blackburn Meadows __knowledge__ The works progressively expanded to improve the quality of effluent discharged to the River Don and was a pioneer in the use of bio-aeration, following experiments by the works manager during the First World War.", "Irvinebank State Treatment Works __knowledge__ Irvinebank State Treatment Works is a heritage-listed refinery off Jessie Street, Irvinebank, Shire of Mareeba, Queensland, Australia.", "Irvinebank State Treatment Works __knowledge__ It was built from 1883 to .", "Irvinebank State Treatment Works __knowledge__ It is also known as Loudoun Mill.", "Irvinebank State Treatment Works __knowledge__ It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 21 October 1992.", "Irvinebank State Treatment Works __knowledge__ Tin had been discovered in 1882 at Gibbs Camp, 16 km west of Watsonville by a party of Herberton prospectors.", "Irvinebank State Treatment Works __knowledge__ The best lode was the Great Southern assaying 60% tin.", "Irvinebank State Treatment Works __knowledge__ After persevering for further months without a crushing the miners were eager to sell their properties to capitalists prepared to erect machinery.", "Irvinebank State Treatment Works __knowledge__ The Gibbs Creek properties were purchased in October 1883 on behalf of the Glen Smelting Company for £6,000 cash.", "Thames Water __knowledge__ Thames Water Utilities Ltd, known as Thames Water, is the monopoly private utility company responsible for the public water supply and waste water treatment in large parts of Greater London, Luton, the Thames Valley, Surrey, Gloucestershire, Wiltshire, Kent, and some other areas of the United Kingdom.", "Thames Water __knowledge__ Thames Water is the UK's largest water and wastewater services company, and supplies of drinking water per day, and treats of wastewater per day.", "Thames Water __knowledge__ Thames Water's 15 million customers comprise 27% of the UK population.", "Thames Water __knowledge__ Thames Water is responsible for a range of water management infrastructure projects including: the Thames Water Ring Main around London; the Lee Tunnel; Europe's largest wastewater treatment works and the UK's first large-scale desalination plant, both at Beckton.", "Deephams Sewage Treatment Works __knowledge__ Deephams Sewage Treatment Works is a sewage treatment facility close to Picketts Lock, Edmonton, England.", "Deephams Sewage Treatment Works __knowledge__ The outflow discharges via Pymmes Brook into the River Lee Navigation at Tottenham Lock.", "Deephams Sewage Treatment Works __knowledge__ The treatment works was upgraded in 2012/3.", "Deephams Sewage Treatment Works __knowledge__ The treatment works is located at .", "Deephams Sewage Treatment Works __knowledge__ It is bordered by the A1055 road and the Lea Valley Line railway to the west, Lee Valley golf course to the north, the William Girling Reservoir and the Lee Navigation to the east, and an industrial park to the south.", "Deephams Sewage Treatment Works __knowledge__ Treatment of sewage in the area began in the late nineteenth century.", "Deephams Sewage Treatment Works __knowledge__ The 1881 Ordnance Survey map shows open fields and Deephams farm between the railway and the navigation, but by 1896, housing has begun to appear.", "Environmental impact of hydraulic fracturing in the United States __knowledge__ Environmental impact of hydraulic fracturing in the United States has been an issue of public concern, and includes the potential contamination of ground and surface water, methane emissions, air pollution, migration of gases and hydraulic fracturing chemicals and radionuclides to the surface, the potential mishandling of solid waste, drill cuttings, increased seismicity and associated effects on human and ecosystem health.", "Environmental impact of hydraulic fracturing in the United States __knowledge__ A number of instances with groundwater contamination have been documented, however opponents of water safety regulation claim hydraulic fracturing has never caused any drinking water contamination." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Autism __knowledge__ Autism is a developmental disorder characterized by troubles with social interaction and communication.", "Autism __knowledge__ Often there is also restricted and repetitive behavior.", "Autism __knowledge__ Parents usually notice signs in the first two or three years of their child's life.", "Autism __knowledge__ These signs often develop gradually, though some children with autism reach their developmental milestones at a normal pace and then worsen.", "Autism __knowledge__ Autism is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.", "Autism __knowledge__ Risk factors include certain infections during pregnancy such as rubella as well as valproic acid, alcohol, or cocaine use during pregnancy.", "Autism __knowledge__ Controversies surround other proposed environmental causes; for example the vaccine hypotheses, which have been disproven.", "Autism __knowledge__ Autism affects information processing in the brain by altering how nerve cells and their synapses connect and organize; how this occurs is not well understood.", "Autism __knowledge__ In the DSM V, autism is included within the autism spectrum (ASDs), along with Asperger syndrome which is less severe, and pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS).", "Autism __knowledge__ Early speech or behavioral interventions can help children with autism gain self-care, social, and communication skills.", "Autism __knowledge__ Although there is no known cure, there have been cases of children who recovered.", "Gone (novel series) __knowledge__ Gone is a bestselling book series written by Michael Grant.", "Gone (novel series) __knowledge__ The series is centered on the fictional Southern Californian town of Perdido Beach, in which every human aged 15 and older vanishes.", "Gone (novel series) __knowledge__ The town and surrounding areas become encased within an impenetrable energy barrier, with many of its inhabitants developing supernatural powers.", "Gone (novel series) __knowledge__ The books follow the exploits of the protagonist, Sam Temple, as he battles antagonists Caine Soren and Drake Merwin, as well as a mysterious, malevolent creature, known as the Darkness or the gaiaphage (derived from Gaia, a Greek personification of the Earth, and \"phage\", from the Greek φαγεῖν \"phagein\" \"to devour\").", "Autism therapies __knowledge__ Autism therapies are interventions that attempt to lessen the deficits and problem behaviours associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in order to increase the quality of life and functional independence of autistic individuals.", "Autism therapies __knowledge__ Treatment is typically catered to person's needs.", "Autism therapies __knowledge__ Treatments fall into two major categories: educational interventions and medical management.", "Autism therapies __knowledge__ Training and support are also given to families of those with ASD.", "Autism therapies __knowledge__ Studies of interventions have some methodological problems that prevent definitive conclusions about efficacy.", "Autism therapies __knowledge__ Although many psychosocial interventions have some positive evidence, suggesting that some form of treatment is preferable to no treatment, the systematic reviews have reported that the quality of these studies has generally been poor, their clinical results are mostly tentative, and there is little evidence for the relative effectiveness of treatment options.", "MMR vaccine controversy __knowledge__ The MMR vaccine controversy started with the 1998 publication of a fraudulent research paper in \"The Lancet\" linking the combined measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine to colitis and autism spectrum disorders.", "MMR vaccine controversy __knowledge__ The claims in the paper were widely reported, leading to a sharp drop in vaccination rates in the UK and Ireland and increases in the incidence of measles and mumps, resulting in deaths and serious permanent injuries.", "MMR vaccine controversy __knowledge__ Following the initial claims in 1998, multiple large epidemiological studies were undertaken.", "MMR vaccine controversy __knowledge__ Reviews of the evidence by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Institute of Medicine of the US National Academy of Sciences, the UK National Health Service, and the Cochrane Library all found no link between the MMR vaccine and autism.", "Thiomersal controversy __knowledge__ The thiomersal controversy describes claims that vaccines containing the mercury-based preservative thiomersal contribute to the development of autism and other brain development disorders.", "Thiomersal controversy __knowledge__ Thimerosal is no longer used in children's vaccines in the United States, except some types of flu shots.", "Thiomersal controversy __knowledge__ While exposure to mercury may result in damage to brain, kidneys, and developing fetus, the current scientific consensus has found no convincing scientific evidence supporting claims that thiomersal has such effects.", "Thiomersal controversy __knowledge__ Thiomersal (also spelled \"thimerosal\", especially in the United States) is an organomercury compound used as a preservative in vaccines since the 1930s to prevent bacterial and fungal contamination.", "Causes of autism __knowledge__ Many causes of autism have been proposed, but understanding of the theory of causation of autism and the other autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is incomplete.", "Causes of autism __knowledge__ Research indicates that genetic factors predominate.", "Causes of autism __knowledge__ The heritability of autism, however, is complex, and it is typically unclear which genes are responsible.", "Causes of autism __knowledge__ In rare cases, autism is strongly associated with agents that cause birth defects.", "Causes of autism __knowledge__ Many other causes have been proposed, such as childhood immunizations, but numerous epidemiological studies have shown no scientific evidence supporting any link between vaccinations and autism.", "Causes of autism __knowledge__ Autism involves atypical brain development which often becomes apparent in behavior and social development before a child is three years old.", "Autism rights movement __knowledge__ The autism rights movement (ARM), also known as the autistic culture movement, is a social movement within the neurodiversity and disability rights movements that encourages autistic people, their caregivers and society to adopt a position of neurodiversity, accepting autism as a variation in functioning rather than a disorder to be cured.", "Autism rights movement __knowledge__ The ARM advocates a variety of goals including a greater acceptance of autistic behaviors; therapies that teach autistic individuals coping skills rather than therapies focused on imitating behaviors of neurotypical peers; the creation of social networks and events that allow autistic people to socialize on their own terms; and the recognition of the autistic community as a minority group.", "Bernie Sanders presidential campaign, 2016 __knowledge__ The 2016 presidential campaign of Bernie Sanders, the junior United States Senator and former Representative from Vermont, began with an informal announcement on April 30, 2015, and a formal announcement that he planned to seek the Democratic Party's nomination for President of the United States on May 26, 2015, in Burlington, Vermont.", "Bernie Sanders presidential campaign, 2016 __knowledge__ Sanders had been considered a potential candidate for president since at least September 2014.", "Bernie Sanders presidential campaign, 2016 __knowledge__ Though he had previously run as an independent, he routinely caucused with the Democratic Party, as many of his views align with Democrats.", "Bernie Sanders presidential campaign, 2016 __knowledge__ Running as a Democrat made it easier to participate in debates and get his name on state ballots.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ Jiya Jale was a popular Hindi TV serial that aired on 9X channel from 19 November 2007 to 19 June 2008, Monday to Thursday at 8:30 pm IND / 9.00pm UK, based on the concept of love story of Sunaina and Chandan.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show was replaced by Dahhej, another popular show on 9X.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show aired again on 9X in 2009 due to its popularity.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The show also aired on Zee Anmol and Zee Lamhee in 2015.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The story is based on the life of an ordinary girl Sunaina, who was brought up in a close and caring family.", "Jiya Jale __knowledge__ The story takes off when Sunaina has just fallen in the love with the idea of love, when she meets Chandan.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The following is a list of recurring games, sketches, and other comedy routines from the NBC late night talk show \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", and its predecessor, \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The sketches feature host Jimmy Fallon, house band The Roots, announcer/sidekick Steve Higgins, the show's writers, celebrity guests, and audience members.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Most of the skits below appeared only on \"Late Night\", while some have carried over to the \"Tonight Show\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Every Tuesday on the show, Jimmy weighs the pros and cons of a topic that's currently in the news, with the pros being the setups and the cons being the punchlines.", "Belle Taylor __knowledge__ Susan \"Belle\" Jefferies (née Taylor) is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Home and Away\", played by Jessica Tovey.", "Belle Taylor __knowledge__ She made her first on-screen appearance on 3 February 2006.", "Belle Taylor __knowledge__ Belle's storylines included finding her birth mother, a drug addiction, her relationship with Aden Jefferies and being diagnosed with cancer.", "Belle Taylor __knowledge__ In 2009, it was announced that Tovey had quit the show and the writers took the decision to kill off the character.", "Belle Taylor __knowledge__ Belle made her last appearance on 11 August 2009.", "Belle Taylor __knowledge__ Tovey joined \"Home and Away\" in 2006 when she was 18.", "Belle Taylor __knowledge__ The character of Belle was her first television role.", "Castiel (Supernatural) __knowledge__ Castiel is a fictional character portrayed by Misha Collins on the CW Television Network's American television series \"Supernatural\".", "Castiel (Supernatural) __knowledge__ An Angel of the Lord, he first appears in the fourth season, and is used to introduce the theme of Christian theology to the series.", "Castiel (Supernatural) __knowledge__ In the series, Castiel brings Dean Winchester back from Hell and frequently helps him and his brother Sam in their battles with various demons and angels along the way.", "Castiel (Supernatural) __knowledge__ During his travels with the Winchesters, Castiel develops friendships with both men.", "Castiel (Supernatural) __knowledge__ As an angel, he possesses a number of supernatural abilities, including the ability to kill demons.", "List of OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes characters __knowledge__ The American animated series \"OK K.O.!", "List of OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes characters __knowledge__ Let's Be Heroes\" features a diverse fictional cast created by Ian Jones-Quartey.", "List of OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes characters __knowledge__ The series centers on K.O.", "List of OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes characters __knowledge__ (voiced by Stephanie Nadolny alternating with Courtenay Taylor) and his efforts to become a true hero.", "List of OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes characters __knowledge__ In order to do so, he starts working at Gar's Bodega owned by the all powerful Mr. Gar (voiced by David Herman) and run by his two teenage employees Enid (voiced by Ashly Burch) and Radicles \"Rad\" (voiced by Ian Jones-Quartey).", "List of OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes characters __knowledge__ Together they battle the evil forces of Boxmore, owned by the sinister Lord Boxman (voiced by Jim Cummings).", "List of OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes characters __knowledge__ K.O.", "List of OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes characters __knowledge__ also receives help from a variety of people including his mother Carol (voiced by Kate Flannery) and his best friend Dendy (voiced by Melissa Fahn)." ] ]

[ 3, 5, 14, 0, 37 ]

[ "I agree. I don't funny understand the disease, but I know it is tough on the kids and the parents. Parents apparently notice that their children may have autism in the first two or three years of a child's life.", "I'm not sure what causes it, but the experts suggest it's a combo of genetic and environmental factors. Infections before child-birth, too. Rough all the way around.", "That's amazing. I'll bet that some of the educational treatment works for sure. You are definitely a hero for doing this.", "That's a huge deal. Thank you for helping people with this condition!", "I have not met many people with autism - a few. They are memorable. I'm glad there is some movement to helping people with autism to develop coping skills. It matters a lot! Great to chat with you." ]

[ "Autism", "Autism", "Autism", "Autism", "Autism" ]

[ "Heavy metal music\nHeavy metal music or hard rock is my absolute favorite , right now i am listening to AC/DC . Do you have a favorite type of music?", "During your workouts do you have a favorite? For me its all heavy metal but if i want a relaxing song, there are some awesome love ballads.", "Ooooh yes, i love Metallica. They are the best! When i work out i listen to Billy Idol however he isnt real metal", "I am not into them so much unless they do covers of classic rock songs. I think they have done that with the band Police" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Heavy metal (or simply metal) is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ With roots in blues rock and psychedelic/acid rock, the bands that created heavy metal developed a thick, massive sound, characterized by highly amplified distortion, extended guitar solos, emphatic beats, and overall loudness.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are sometimes associated with aggression and machismo.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ In 1968, three of the genre's most famous acts, Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath and Deep Purple were founded.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Though they came to attract wide audiences, they were often derided by critics.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the genre's evolution by discarding much of its blues influence; Motörhead introduced a punk rock sensibility and an increasing emphasis on speed.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Beginning in the late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden and Saxon followed in a similar vein.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Before the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as \"metalheads\" or \"headbangers\".", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ During the 1980s, glam metal became popular with groups such as Mötley Crüe and Poison.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Underground scenes produced an array of more aggressive styles: thrash metal broke into the mainstream with bands such as Metallica, Megadeth, Slayer, and Anthrax, while other extreme subgenres of metal such as death metal and black metal remain subcultural phenomena.", "New wave of British heavy metal __knowledge__ The new wave of British heavy metal (commonly abbreviated as NWOBHM) was a nationwide musical movement that started in the United Kingdom in the late 1970s and achieved international attention by the early 1980s.", "New wave of British heavy metal __knowledge__ Journalist Geoff Barton coined the term in a May 1979 issue of the British music newspaper \"Sounds\" to describe the emergence of new heavy metal bands in the late 1970s, during the period of punk rock's decline and the dominance of new wave music.", "New wave of British heavy metal __knowledge__ Although encompassing diverse mainstream and underground styles, the music of the NWOBHM is best remembered for drawing on the heavy metal of the 1970s and infusing it with the intensity of punk rock to produce fast and aggressive songs.", "Hard rock __knowledge__ Hard rock is a loosely defined subgenre of rock music that began in the mid-1960s, with the garage, psychedelic and blues rock movements.", "Hard rock __knowledge__ It is typified by a heavy use of aggressive vocals, distorted electric guitars, bass guitar, drums, and often accompanied with keyboards.", "Hard rock __knowledge__ Hard rock developed into a major form of popular music in the 1970s, with notable bands such as AC/DC, the Who, Led Zeppelin, Queen, Black Sabbath, Deep Purple, Aerosmith, KISS and Van Halen.", "Hard rock __knowledge__ During the 1980s, some hard rock bands moved away from their hard rock roots and more towards pop rock, while others began to return to a hard rock sound.", "Australian heavy metal __knowledge__ Australian heavy metal music has its roots in both the Australian hard rock and pub rock tradition of the 1970s and the American and British heavy metal scenes.", "Australian heavy metal __knowledge__ Since the mid-1980s, Australian heavy metal has been particularly influenced by foreign bands, particularly Swedish death metal, American thrash metal and black metal from Norway.", "Australian heavy metal __knowledge__ Within Australia heavy metal has always remained part of the underground but since the mid-1990s many Australian metal acts have found widespread acceptance in overseas markets, particularly in Europe.", "Australian heavy metal __knowledge__ AC/DC is often cited as being Australia's foremost hard rock band.", "Heavy metal lyrics __knowledge__ Heavy metal lyrics are the words used in songs by heavy metal artists.", "Heavy metal lyrics __knowledge__ Given that there are many genres of heavy metal, it is difficult to make generalizations about the lyrics and lyrical themes.", "Heavy metal lyrics __knowledge__ In 1989, two metal scholars wrote that heavy metal lyrics concentrate \"on dark and depressing subject matter to an extent hitherto unprecedented\" in any form of popular music.", "Heavy metal lyrics __knowledge__ Jeffrey Arnett states that metal songs are \"overwhelmingly dominated\" by \"ugly and unhappy\" themes which express \"no hope\" for the future.", "Heavy metal lyrics __knowledge__ Deena Weinstein has proposed one way to analyze metal song themes is loosely grouping them into two categories: the Dionysian theme (a reference to the Roman God of wine), which celebrates \"sex, drugs and rock and roll\", partying, and enjoyment of life and the Chaotic theme, which involves dark subjects such as Hell, injustice, mayhem, carnage and death.", "Christian metal __knowledge__ Christian metal, also known as white metal, Jesus metal or heavenly metal, is a form of heavy metal music usually defined by its message using song lyrics as well as the dedication of the band members to Christianity.", "Christian metal __knowledge__ Christian metal is typically performed by professed Christians principally for Christians who listen to heavy metal music and often produced and distributed through various Christian networks.", "Christian metal __knowledge__ Christian metal bands exist in most of the subgenres of heavy metal music, and the only common link among most Christian metal bands are the lyrics.", "Christian metal __knowledge__ The Christian themes are often melded with the subjects of the genre the band is rooted in, regularly providing a Christian take on the subject matter.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ A number of heavy metal genres have developed since the emergence of heavy metal (often shortened to \"metal\") during the late 1960s and early 1970s.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ At times heavy metal genres may overlap or are difficult to distinguish, but they can be identified by a number of traits.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ They may differ in terms of: instrumentation, tempo, song structure, vocal style, lyrics, guitar playing style, drumming style, and so on.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ Alternative metal is a style of heavy metal and alternative rock which emerged in the mid-1980s, and gained popularity in the early 1990s.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ Alternative metal usually combines heavy metal with influences from genres like alternative rock, and in some cases other genres not normally associated with metal as well." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Heavy metal (or simply metal) is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ With roots in blues rock and psychedelic/acid rock, the bands that created heavy metal developed a thick, massive sound, characterized by highly amplified distortion, extended guitar solos, emphatic beats, and overall loudness.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are sometimes associated with aggression and machismo.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ In 1968, three of the genre's most famous acts, Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath and Deep Purple were founded.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Though they came to attract wide audiences, they were often derided by critics.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the genre's evolution by discarding much of its blues influence; Motörhead introduced a punk rock sensibility and an increasing emphasis on speed.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Beginning in the late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden and Saxon followed in a similar vein.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Before the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as \"metalheads\" or \"headbangers\".", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ During the 1980s, glam metal became popular with groups such as Mötley Crüe and Poison.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Underground scenes produced an array of more aggressive styles: thrash metal broke into the mainstream with bands such as Metallica, Megadeth, Slayer, and Anthrax, while other extreme subgenres of metal such as death metal and black metal remain subcultural phenomena.", "Scaredy Squirrel __knowledge__ Scaredy Squirrel is a children's book series written and illustrated by French-Canadian author Mélanie Watt.", "Scaredy Squirrel __knowledge__ The books have won several awards.", "Scaredy Squirrel __knowledge__ The first book of the Scaredy Squirrel series was published in March 2006 by Kids Can Press.", "Scaredy Squirrel __knowledge__ A television series based on the books began in 2011.", "Scaredy Squirrel __knowledge__ The stories are told using large pictures with simple descriptive text.", "Scaredy Squirrel __knowledge__ The books often follow the same format: the titular protagonist Scaredy Squirrel identifies his fears, shows how he avoids them at all costs, and develops contingency plans, which usually involve an emergency kit and playing dead till the threat has passed.", "Sentimental ballad __knowledge__ Sentimental ballads, also known as pop ballads, rock ballads or power ballads, are an emotional style of music that often deal with romantic and intimate relationships, and to a lesser extent, war (protest songs), loneliness, death, drug abuse, politics and religion, usually in a poignant but solemn manner.", "Sentimental ballad __knowledge__ Ballads are generally melodic enough to get the listener's attention.", "Sentimental ballad __knowledge__ Sentimental ballads are found in most music genres, such as, pop, R&B, soul, country, folk, rock and electronic music, among others.", "Sentimental ballad __knowledge__ Usually slow in tempo, ballads tend to have a lush musical arrangement which emphasize the song's melody and harmonies.", "Nu metal __knowledge__ Nu metal (also known as nü-metal and ) is a form of that combines elements of with elements of other music genres such as hip hop, alternative rock, funk and grunge.", "Nu metal __knowledge__ bands have drawn elements and influences from a variety of musical styles, including multiple genres of heavy metal.", "Nu metal __knowledge__ rarely features guitar solos; the genre is heavily syncopated and based on guitar riffs.", "Nu metal __knowledge__ Many nu metal guitarists use that are down-tuned to play a heavier sound.", "Nu metal __knowledge__ DJs are occasionally featured in nu metal to provide instrumentation such as sampling, turntable scratching and electronic backgrounds.", "Nu metal __knowledge__ Vocal styles in include singing, rapping, screaming and growling.", "Heavy metal lyrics __knowledge__ Heavy metal lyrics are the words used in songs by heavy metal artists.", "Heavy metal lyrics __knowledge__ Given that there are many genres of heavy metal, it is difficult to make generalizations about the lyrics and lyrical themes.", "Heavy metal lyrics __knowledge__ In 1989, two metal scholars wrote that heavy metal lyrics concentrate \"on dark and depressing subject matter to an extent hitherto unprecedented\" in any form of popular music.", "Heavy metal lyrics __knowledge__ Jeffrey Arnett states that metal songs are \"overwhelmingly dominated\" by \"ugly and unhappy\" themes which express \"no hope\" for the future.", "Heavy metal lyrics __knowledge__ Deena Weinstein has proposed one way to analyze metal song themes is loosely grouping them into two categories: the Dionysian theme (a reference to the Roman God of wine), which celebrates \"sex, drugs and rock and roll\", partying, and enjoyment of life and the Chaotic theme, which involves dark subjects such as Hell, injustice, mayhem, carnage and death.", "Master of Puppets __knowledge__ Master of Puppets is the third studio album by American heavy metal band Metallica.", "Master of Puppets __knowledge__ It was released on March 3, 1986 by Elektra Records.", "Master of Puppets __knowledge__ Recorded at the Sweet Silence Studios with producer Flemming Rasmussen, it was the first Metallica album released on a major record label.", "Master of Puppets __knowledge__ \"Master of Puppets\" was the band's last album to feature bassist Cliff Burton, who died in a bus accident in Sweden during the album's promotional tour.", "Master of Puppets __knowledge__ The album peaked at number 29 on the \"Billboard\" 200 and became the first thrash metal album to be certified platinum.", "Master of Puppets __knowledge__ It was certified 6× platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in 2003 for shipping six million copies in the United States.", "Viking metal __knowledge__ Viking metal is a style of heavy metal music characterized by a lyrical and thematic focus on Norse mythology, Norse paganism, and the Viking Age.", "Viking metal __knowledge__ Viking metal is quite diverse as a musical style, to the point where some consider it more a cross-genre term than a genre, but it is typically seen as black metal with influences from Nordic folk music.", "Viking metal __knowledge__ Common traits include a slow-paced and heavy riffing style, anthemic choruses, use of both sung and harsh vocals, a reliance on folk instrumentation, and often the use of keyboards for atmospheric effect.", "Viking metal __knowledge__ Viking metal emerged from black metal during the late 1980s and early 1990s, sharing with black metal an opposition to Christianity, but rejecting Satanism and occult themes in favor of the Vikings and paganism.", "Christian metal __knowledge__ Christian metal, also known as white metal, Jesus metal or heavenly metal, is a form of heavy metal music usually defined by its message using song lyrics as well as the dedication of the band members to Christianity.", "Christian metal __knowledge__ Christian metal is typically performed by professed Christians principally for Christians who listen to heavy metal music and often produced and distributed through various Christian networks.", "Christian metal __knowledge__ Christian metal bands exist in most of the subgenres of heavy metal music, and the only common link among most Christian metal bands are the lyrics.", "Christian metal __knowledge__ The Christian themes are often melded with the subjects of the genre the band is rooted in, regularly providing a Christian take on the subject matter.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ A number of heavy metal genres have developed since the emergence of heavy metal (often shortened to \"metal\") during the late 1960s and early 1970s.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ At times heavy metal genres may overlap or are difficult to distinguish, but they can be identified by a number of traits.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ They may differ in terms of: instrumentation, tempo, song structure, vocal style, lyrics, guitar playing style, drumming style, and so on.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ Alternative metal is a style of heavy metal and alternative rock which emerged in the mid-1980s, and gained popularity in the early 1990s.", "Heavy metal genres __knowledge__ Alternative metal usually combines heavy metal with influences from genres like alternative rock, and in some cases other genres not normally associated with metal as well.", "Folk metal __knowledge__ Folk metal is a fusion genre of heavy metal music and traditional folk music that developed in Europe during the 1990s.", "Folk metal __knowledge__ It is characterised by the widespread use of folk instruments and, to a lesser extent, traditional singing styles (for example, Dutch Heidevolk, Danish Sylvatica and Spanish Stone of Erech).", "Folk metal __knowledge__ It also sometimes features soft instrumentation influenced by folk rock.", "Folk metal __knowledge__ The earliest folk metal bands were Skyclad from England and Cruachan from Ireland.", "Folk metal __knowledge__ Skyclad's debut album \"The Wayward Sons of Mother Earth\" was released in 1991 and would be considered a thrash metal album with some folk influences, unlike Cruachan’s early work which embraced the folk element as a defining part of their sound.", "Australian heavy metal __knowledge__ Australian heavy metal music has its roots in both the Australian hard rock and pub rock tradition of the 1970s and the American and British heavy metal scenes.", "Australian heavy metal __knowledge__ Since the mid-1980s, Australian heavy metal has been particularly influenced by foreign bands, particularly Swedish death metal, American thrash metal and black metal from Norway.", "Australian heavy metal __knowledge__ Within Australia heavy metal has always remained part of the underground but since the mid-1990s many Australian metal acts have found widespread acceptance in overseas markets, particularly in Europe.", "Australian heavy metal __knowledge__ AC/DC is often cited as being Australia's foremost hard rock band.", "Psychology of music preference __knowledge__ The psychology of music preference refers to the psychological factors behind peoples' different music preferences.", "Psychology of music preference __knowledge__ Music is heard by people daily in many parts of the world, and affects people in various ways from emotion regulation to cognitive development, along with providing a means for self-expression.", "Psychology of music preference __knowledge__ Music training has been shown to help improve intellectual development and ability, though no connection has been found as to how it affects emotion regulation.", "Psychology of music preference __knowledge__ Numerous studies have been conducted to show that individual personality can have an effect on music preference, mostly using the Big Five personality traits." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Heavy metal (or simply metal) is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ With roots in blues rock and psychedelic/acid rock, the bands that created heavy metal developed a thick, massive sound, characterized by highly amplified distortion, extended guitar solos, emphatic beats, and overall loudness.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are sometimes associated with aggression and machismo.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ In 1968, three of the genre's most famous acts, Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath and Deep Purple were founded.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Though they came to attract wide audiences, they were often derided by critics.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the genre's evolution by discarding much of its blues influence; Motörhead introduced a punk rock sensibility and an increasing emphasis on speed.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Beginning in the late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden and Saxon followed in a similar vein.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Before the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as \"metalheads\" or \"headbangers\".", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ During the 1980s, glam metal became popular with groups such as Mötley Crüe and Poison.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Underground scenes produced an array of more aggressive styles: thrash metal broke into the mainstream with bands such as Metallica, Megadeth, Slayer, and Anthrax, while other extreme subgenres of metal such as death metal and black metal remain subcultural phenomena.", "Cyberpunk (album) __knowledge__ Cyberpunk is the fifth studio album by English rock vocalist Billy Idol.", "Cyberpunk (album) __knowledge__ A concept album, it was released in 1993 by Chrysalis Records.", "Cyberpunk (album) __knowledge__ Inspired by his personal interest in technology and his first attempts to use computers in the creation of his music, Idol based the album on the cyberdelic subculture of the late 1980s and early 1990s.", "Cyberpunk (album) __knowledge__ Heavily experimental in its style, the album was an attempt by Idol to take control of the creative process in the production of his albums, while simultaneously introducing Idol's fans and other musicians to the opportunities presented by digital media.", "Cyberpunk (album) __knowledge__ The album featured a cyberpunk-styled narrative as well as synthesized vocals and industrial influences.", "Something Kinda Ooooh __knowledge__ \"Something Kinda Ooooh\" is a song by British all-female pop group Girls Aloud, taken from their first greatest hits collection \"\" (2006).", "Something Kinda Ooooh __knowledge__ The song was written by Miranda Cooper, Brian Higgins and his production team Xenomania, and produced by Higgins and Xenomania.", "Something Kinda Ooooh __knowledge__ Inspired by 1980s pop and George Michael, \"Something Kinda Ooooh\" was released as a single in October 2006.", "Something Kinda Ooooh __knowledge__ It returned Girls Aloud to the top three of the UK Singles Chart for the first time in two years.", "Something Kinda Ooooh __knowledge__ It also made Girls Aloud the first British act to debut in the top five on the chart based on legal download sales alone.", "Something Kinda Ooooh __knowledge__ The music video shows Girls Aloud driving sports cars.", "Billy Idol __knowledge__ William Michael Albert Broad (born 30 November 1955), known professionally as Billy Idol, is an English musician, singer, songwriter, and actor.", "Billy Idol __knowledge__ He first achieved fame in the 1970s as a member of the punk rock band Generation X.", "Billy Idol __knowledge__ Subsequently, he embarked on a solo career which led to international recognition and made Idol one of the lead artists during the MTV-driven \"Second British Invasion\" in the United States.", "Billy Idol __knowledge__ Idol began his career in late 1975 as a guitarist in the punk rock band Chelsea.", "Billy Idol __knowledge__ However, he soon left the group and along with his bandmate Tony James formed Generation X with Idol being the lead singer.", "MTV __knowledge__ MTV (originally an initialism of Music Television) is an American cable and satellite television channel owned by Viacom Media Networks (a division of Viacom) and headquartered in New York City.", "MTV __knowledge__ Launched on August 1, 1981, the channel originally aired music videos as guided by television personalities known as \"video jockeys\" (VJs).", "MTV __knowledge__ At first, MTV's main target demographic was young adults, but today it is primarily teenagers, particularly high school and college students.", "MTV __knowledge__ MTV has toned down its music video programming significantly in recent years, and its programming now consists mainly of original reality, comedy and drama programming and some off-network syndicated programs and films, with limited music video programming in off-peak time periods.", "Metallica __knowledge__ Metallica is an American heavy metal band from Los Angeles, California.", "Metallica __knowledge__ The band was formed in 1981 by drummer Lars Ulrich and vocalist/guitarist James Hetfield.", "Metallica __knowledge__ The band's fast tempos, instrumentals and aggressive musicianship made them one of the founding \"big four\" bands of thrash metal, alongside Megadeth, Anthrax and Slayer.", "Metallica __knowledge__ Metallica's current lineup comprises founding members Hetfield and Ulrich, longtime lead guitarist Kirk Hammett and bassist Robert Trujillo.", "Metallica __knowledge__ Guitarist Dave Mustaine (who formed Megadeth) and bassists Ron McGovney, Cliff Burton and Jason Newsted are former members of the band.", "1980s in music __knowledge__ This article includes an overview of the major events and trends in popular music in the 1980s.", "1980s in music __knowledge__ The 1980s saw the emergence of dance music and new wave.", "1980s in music __knowledge__ As disco fell out of fashion in the decade's early years, genres such as post-disco, Italo disco, Euro disco and dance-pop became more popular.", "1980s in music __knowledge__ Rock music continued to enjoy a wide audience.", "1980s in music __knowledge__ Soft rock, glam metal, thrash metal, shred guitar characterized by heavy distortion, pinch harmonics and whammy bar abuse became very popular.", "1980s in music __knowledge__ Adult contemporary, quiet storm, and smooth jazz gained popularity.", "1980s in music __knowledge__ In the late 1980s, glam metal became the largest, most commercially successful brand of music in the United States and worldwide.", "Zawi ben Ziri __knowledge__ Zawi ben Ziri as-Sinhayi or Al-Mansur Zawi Ibn Ziri Ibn as-Manad Sanhaji (), was a chief in the Berber Sanhaja tribe.", "Zawi ben Ziri __knowledge__ He arrived in Spain in 1000 (391) during the reign of Almanzor.", "Zawi ben Ziri __knowledge__ He took part in the rebellion against the Caliphate of Córdoba and settled in the with followers from his Sanhaja tribe.", "Zawi ben Ziri __knowledge__ He founded the Taifa of Granada, and founded the Zirid dynasty of Granada as its first Emir, reigning from 1013 to 1019.", "Zawi ben Ziri __knowledge__ Zawi's father, Ziri ibn Manad (Ziri) was the leader of the Berber Sanhaja tribe, with allegiance to Al-Mansur Billah, leader of the Fatimid Caliphate.", "Zawi ben Ziri __knowledge__ Ziri founded the Zirid dynasty in the Maghreb with the permission of Al-Mansur Billah in 944 and built the city of El Achir.", "Iron Maiden __knowledge__ Iron Maiden are an English heavy metal band formed in Leyton, East London, in 1975 by bassist and primary songwriter Steve Harris.", "Iron Maiden __knowledge__ The band's discography has grown to thirty-eight albums, including sixteen studio albums, twelve live albums, four EPs, and seven compilations.", "Iron Maiden __knowledge__ Pioneers of the new wave of British heavy metal, Iron Maiden achieved initial success during the early 1980s.", "Iron Maiden __knowledge__ After several line-up changes, the band went on to release a series of UK and US platinum and gold albums, including 1982's \"The Number of the Beast\", 1983's \"Piece of Mind\", 1984's \"Powerslave\", 1985's live release \"Live After Death\", 1986's \"Somewhere in Time\" and 1988's \"Seventh Son of a Seventh Son\".", "Sonisphere Festival __knowledge__ The Sonisphere Festival is a touring rock music festival which takes place across Europe between June and August.", "Sonisphere Festival __knowledge__ The festival is owned by John Jackson and Kilimanjaro Live.", "Sonisphere Festival __knowledge__ It is jointly promoted by K2 and Kilimanjaro Live.", "Sonisphere Festival __knowledge__ It has hosted heavy metal bands such as Iron Maiden, Metallica, Mötley Crüe, Slayer, Judas Priest and Megadeth.", "Sonisphere Festival __knowledge__ The idea for Sonisphere was first conceived by John Jackson in the late 90s.", "Sonisphere Festival __knowledge__ John chose the name Sonisphere, from a combination of Sonic and Sphere.", "Sonisphere Festival __knowledge__ In 2008 Stuart Galbraith had formed business partnership with AEG Live called Kilimanjaro Live.", "Sonisphere Festival __knowledge__ John Jackson approached Stuart Galbraith with the idea of a Pan-World touring festival which fit in with plans Kilimanjaro Live had to launch a UK festival.", "Bruce Dickinson __knowledge__ Paul Bruce Dickinson (born 7 August 1958) is an English singer, songwriter, musician, airline pilot, entrepreneur, author and broadcaster.", "Bruce Dickinson __knowledge__ He is the lead singer of the heavy metal band Iron Maiden and is renowned for his wide-ranging operatic vocal style and energetic stage presence.", "Bruce Dickinson __knowledge__ Born in Worksop, Nottinghamshire, Dickinson began his career in music fronting small pub bands in the 1970s while attending school in Sheffield and university in London.", "Bruce Dickinson __knowledge__ In 1979, he joined the new wave of British heavy metal band Samson, with whom he gained some popularity under the stage name \"Bruce Bruce\" and performed on two studio records.", "New wave of British heavy metal __knowledge__ The new wave of British heavy metal (commonly abbreviated as NWOBHM) was a nationwide musical movement that started in the United Kingdom in the late 1970s and achieved international attention by the early 1980s.", "New wave of British heavy metal __knowledge__ Journalist Geoff Barton coined the term in a May 1979 issue of the British music newspaper \"Sounds\" to describe the emergence of new heavy metal bands in the late 1970s, during the period of punk rock's decline and the dominance of new wave music.", "New wave of British heavy metal __knowledge__ Although encompassing diverse mainstream and underground styles, the music of the NWOBHM is best remembered for drawing on the heavy metal of the 1970s and infusing it with the intensity of punk rock to produce fast and aggressive songs.", "Iron Maiden (album) __knowledge__ Iron Maiden is the debut studio album by the English heavy metal band Iron Maiden.", "Iron Maiden (album) __knowledge__ It was issued by EMI on 14 April 1980 in the UK, and a few months later in North America, originally on Harvest/Capitol Records and subsequently Sanctuary Records/Columbia Records in the US.", "Iron Maiden (album) __knowledge__ The North American version also included the song \"Sanctuary\", previously released in the UK as a non-album single.", "Iron Maiden (album) __knowledge__ In 1998, along with the rest of the band's pre-1995 releases, \"Iron Maiden\" was remastered with \"Sanctuary\" added in all territories (but 2015 digital releases and all vinyl reissues use original tracklisting around the globe).", "Dave Mustaine __knowledge__ David Scott Mustaine (born September 13, 1961) is an American singer, songwriter, actor and author.", "Dave Mustaine __knowledge__ He is known as a co-founder of the American thrash metal band Megadeth, its guitarist, lead singer, and primary songwriter as well as the original lead guitarist of the American band Metallica.", "Dave Mustaine __knowledge__ David Mustaine was born September 13, 1961 in La Mesa, California, to Emily (née David) and John Mustaine.", "Dave Mustaine __knowledge__ His father was of French, Canadian, Irish and Finnish descent and his mother was German.", "Dave Mustaine __knowledge__ He was brought up as a Jehovah's Witness.", "Dave Mustaine __knowledge__ Panic was Mustaine's first band.", "Dave Mustaine __knowledge__ The lineup was Mike Leftwych on drums, Bob Evans on bass, Tom Quecke on rhythm guitar, Pat Voeks as the vocalist, with Mustaine as the lead guitarist." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Heavy metal (or simply metal) is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ With roots in blues rock and psychedelic/acid rock, the bands that created heavy metal developed a thick, massive sound, characterized by highly amplified distortion, extended guitar solos, emphatic beats, and overall loudness.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are sometimes associated with aggression and machismo.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ In 1968, three of the genre's most famous acts, Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath and Deep Purple were founded.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Though they came to attract wide audiences, they were often derided by critics.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the genre's evolution by discarding much of its blues influence; Motörhead introduced a punk rock sensibility and an increasing emphasis on speed.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Beginning in the late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden and Saxon followed in a similar vein.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Before the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as \"metalheads\" or \"headbangers\".", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ During the 1980s, glam metal became popular with groups such as Mötley Crüe and Poison.", "Heavy metal music __knowledge__ Underground scenes produced an array of more aggressive styles: thrash metal broke into the mainstream with bands such as Metallica, Megadeth, Slayer, and Anthrax, while other extreme subgenres of metal such as death metal and black metal remain subcultural phenomena.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses, often abbreviated as GNR, is an American hard rock band from Los Angeles, California, formed in 1985.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ The lineup, when first signed to Geffen Records in 1986, consisted of vocalist Axl Rose, lead guitarist Slash, rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin, bassist Duff McKagan, and drummer Steven Adler.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses has released six studio albums, accumulating sales of more than 100 million records worldwide, including 45 million in the United States, making them the 41st best-selling artist of all time.", "Guns N' Roses __knowledge__ Guns N' Roses' debut album, \"Appetite for Destruction\" (1987), reached number one on the \"Billboard\" 200 a year after its release, on the strength of \"Sweet Child o' Mine\", the band's only single to reach number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.", "Classic rock __knowledge__ Classic rock is a radio format which developed from the album-oriented rock (AOR) format in the early 1980s.", "Classic rock __knowledge__ In the United States, the classic rock format features music ranging generally from the mid-1960s to the late 1980s, primarily focusing on commercially successful hard rock popularized in the 1970s.", "Classic rock __knowledge__ The radio format became increasingly popular with the baby boomer demographic by the end of the 1990s.", "Classic rock __knowledge__ Although classic rock has mostly appealed to adult listeners, music associated with this format received more exposure with younger generations of listeners with the presence of the Internet and digital downloading.", "Petra (band) __knowledge__ Petra is a music group regarded as a pioneer of the Christian rock and contemporary Christian music genres.", "Petra (band) __knowledge__ Formed in 1972, the band took its name from the Greek word for \"rock\".", "Petra (band) __knowledge__ Though it disbanded formally in 2006, incarnations have played reunion shows in the years since and released an album in November 2010.", "Petra (band) __knowledge__ In 2013, it reformed with a new drummer, Cristian Borneo, and recorded a new song titled \"Holy is Your Name\", before going back on tour.", "Petra (band) __knowledge__ With a style initially similar to The Eagles and Lynyrd Skynyrd, Petra's sound evolved into a more energetic, driving rock sound in the early 1980s akin to Foreigner, Styx and Journey.", "Stairway to Heaven __knowledge__ \"Stairway to Heaven\" is a song by the English rock band Led Zeppelin, released in late 1971.", "Stairway to Heaven __knowledge__ It was composed by guitarist Jimmy Page and vocalist Robert Plant for the band's untitled fourth studio album (often called \"Led Zeppelin IV\").", "Stairway to Heaven __knowledge__ It is often referred to as one of the greatest rock songs of all time.", "Stairway to Heaven __knowledge__ The song has three sections, each one progressively increasing in tempo and volume.", "Stairway to Heaven __knowledge__ The song begins in a slow tempo with acoustic instruments (guitar and recorders) before introducing electric instruments.", "Stairway to Heaven __knowledge__ The final section is an uptempo hard rock arrangement highlighted by Page's intricate guitar solo accompanying Plant's vocals that end with the plaintive a cappella line: \"And she's buying a stairway to heaven.\"", "Chris Cornell __knowledge__ Chris Cornell (born Christopher John Boyle; July 20, 1964 – May 18, 2017) was an American musician, singer, and songwriter.", "Chris Cornell __knowledge__ He was best known as the lead vocalist for the rock bands Soundgarden and Audioslave.", "Chris Cornell __knowledge__ Cornell was also known for his numerous solo works and soundtrack contributions since 1991, and as the founder and frontman for Temple of the Dog, the one-off tribute band dedicated to his late friend Andrew Wood.", "Chris Cornell __knowledge__ Cornell is considered one of the chief architects of the 1990s grunge movement, and is well known for his extensive catalog as a songwriter, his nearly four-octave vocal range, and his powerful vocal belting technique.", "Haley Reinhart __knowledge__ Haley Elizabeth Reinhart (born September 9, 1990) is an American singer, songwriter and voice actress from Wheeling, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago.", "Haley Reinhart __knowledge__ She first rose to prominence after placing third in the tenth season of \"American Idol\".", "Haley Reinhart __knowledge__ In July 2011, Reinhart signed a recording deal with Interscope Records.", "Haley Reinhart __knowledge__ Her debut album \"Listen Up!\"", "Haley Reinhart __knowledge__ was released on May 22, 2012 to critical acclaim and she subsequently became the first \"American Idol\" alumna to perform at Lollapalooza.", "Haley Reinhart __knowledge__ After being dropped by Interscope Records following a change in the company's management in 2012, Reinhart expanded the agreement she had with her music publisher, ole, in 2014.", "XTC __knowledge__ XTC were an English rock band formed in Swindon in 1972 and active until 2006.", "XTC __knowledge__ Led by songwriters Andy Partridge and Colin Moulding, the band gained popularity during the rise of punk and new wave in the 1970s, later playing in a variety of styles that ranged from angular guitar riffs to elaborately arranged pop.", "XTC __knowledge__ Partly because the group did not fit into contemporary trends, they failed to maintain commercial success in the UK and US.", "XTC __knowledge__ They have since attracted a considerable cult following, and are recognised for their influence on Britpop and later power pop acts.", "XTC __knowledge__ Partridge (guitar, vocals) and Moulding (bass, vocals) met at a record store in the early 1970s and subsequently formed a glitter rock outfit with drummer Terry Chambers.", "Graduation (album) __knowledge__ Graduation is the third studio album by American rapper Kanye West.", "Graduation (album) __knowledge__ It was released on September 11, 2007, through Roc-A-Fella Records.", "Graduation (album) __knowledge__ Recording sessions for the album took place during 2005 to 2007 at Chung King Studios, Sony Music Studios in New York City, at Chalice Studios and The Record Plant in Los Angeles.", "Graduation (album) __knowledge__ It was primarily produced by West himself, with contributions from DJ Toomp, as well as Mike Dean, Nottz, Brian \"All Day\" Miller, Eric Hudson, Warryn Campbell, Gee Roberson, Plain Pat and Jon Brion.", "Graduation (album) __knowledge__ It features guest contributions from artists, including Mos Def, Dwele, T-Pain, Lil Wayne, DJ Premier and Chris Martin of Coldplay.", "Good Morning (Kanye West song) __knowledge__ \"Good Morning\" is a song by American hip-hop recording artist and record producer Kanye West.", "Good Morning (Kanye West song) __knowledge__ It was released as the first song on the track-listing of his third studio album \"Graduation\" (2007).", "Good Morning (Kanye West song) __knowledge__ The song was produced by West and contains samples from the recording \"Someone Saved My Life Tonight\" by English singer and pianist Elton John.", "Good Morning (Kanye West song) __knowledge__ As the album-opener, \"Good Morning\" serves as an introduction to both the musical and lyrical themes of \"Graduation\".", "Good Morning (Kanye West song) __knowledge__ The song harbors keyboard-laden, electronic instrumentation and poignant, introspective discussion.", "Good Morning (Kanye West song) __knowledge__ The track's atmomspheric hip-hop production demonstrates a subdued measure of progressiveness as West allows ambient and New-Age elements into the mix.", "Homecoming (Kanye West song) __knowledge__ \"Homecoming\" is a song by American hip-hop recording artist and record producer Kanye West.", "Homecoming (Kanye West song) __knowledge__ It was included as the twelfth song on the track-listing of his third studio album \"Graduation\" (2007).", "Homecoming (Kanye West song) __knowledge__ The track was produced by West with Warryn Campbell and features a guest appearance from Chris Martin, lead vocalist of the English alternative rock band Coldplay.", "Homecoming (Kanye West song) __knowledge__ Chris Martin sings the song's chorus and plays a gospel-tinged piano motif.", "Homecoming (Kanye West song) __knowledge__ Kanye West wrote \"Homecoming\" as a tribute dedicated to his hometown of Chicago, Illinois.", "Homecoming (Kanye West song) __knowledge__ His conceptual lyricism expresses an extended metaphor in which he personifies Chicago as a childhood sweetheart in order to convey his relationship with the city.", "Jay-Z __knowledge__ Shawn Corey Carter (born December 4, 1969), known professionally as JAY-Z, is an American rapper and businessman.", "Jay-Z __knowledge__ He is one of the best-selling musicians of all time, having sold more than 100 million records, while receiving 21 Grammy Awards for his music.", "Jay-Z __knowledge__ MTV ranked him the \"Greatest MC of all time\" in 2006.", "Jay-Z __knowledge__ \"Rolling Stone\" ranked three of his albums—\"Reasonable Doubt\" (1996), \"The Blueprint\" (2001), and \"The Black Album\" (2003)—among The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.", "Jay-Z __knowledge__ In 2017, \"Forbes\" estimated his net worth at $810 million, making him the second-richest hip hop artist in the U.S. As an artist, Jay-Z holds the record for most number one albums by a solo artist on the US \"Billboard\" 200 with 14.", "2009 MTV Video Music Awards __knowledge__ The 2009 MTV Video Music Awards took place on September 13, 2009, at Radio City Music Hall in New York City, honoring the best music videos from June 19, 2008, to June 29, 2009.", "2009 MTV Video Music Awards __knowledge__ Comedian Russell Brand hosted the event for the second time in a row.", "2009 MTV Video Music Awards __knowledge__ The awards were held a few months after Michael Jackson died.", "2009 MTV Video Music Awards __knowledge__ The VMAs dedicated the night to Jackson with an opening performance featuring a music video montage medley with dancers performing Jackson's choreography and concluding with a special appearance by Janet Jackson performing her duet \"Scream\" alongside footage of her brother.", "2009 MTV Video Music Awards __knowledge__ Madonna opened the show with a speech about Jackson.", "Rihanna __knowledge__ Robyn Rihanna Fenty (; February 20, 1988) is a Barbadian singer, songwriter, and actress.", "Rihanna __knowledge__ Born in Saint Michael, Barbados and raised in Bridgetown, during 2003 she recorded demo tapes under the direction of record producer Evan Rogers and signed a recording contract with Def Jam Recordings after auditioning for its then-president, hip hop producer and rapper Jay Z.", "Rihanna __knowledge__ In 2005, Rihanna rose to fame with the release of her debut studio album \"Music of the Sun\" and its follow-up \"A Girl like Me\" (2006), which charted on the top 10 of the US \"Billboard\" 200 and respectively produced the singles \"Pon de Replay\" and \"SOS\".", "Big Brother (Kanye West song) __knowledge__ \"Big Brother\" is a song by American hip-hop artist Kanye West.", "Big Brother (Kanye West song) __knowledge__ It was released on his 2007 studio album, \"Graduation\".", "Big Brother (Kanye West song) __knowledge__ The song was produced by Atlanta record producer DJ Toomp.", "Big Brother (Kanye West song) __knowledge__ \"Big Brother\" is a tribute by Kanye dedicated to Jay-Z, containing lyrics that discuss the ups and downs of their friendship.", "Big Brother (Kanye West song) __knowledge__ The song received very positive reviews from music critics, who praised West's lyricism and storytelling ability.", "Big Brother (Kanye West song) __knowledge__ Though not released as a single, \"Big Brother\" managed to enter and peak at number nineteen on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Bubbling Under R&B/Hip-Hop Singles chart.", "Big Brother (Kanye West song) __knowledge__ \"Big Brother\" was written by Kanye West while the music was produced by Atlanta record producer DJ Toomp." ] ]

[ 35, 61, 31, 56 ]

[ "yeah I like to listen to relaxing music, but during a workout I prefer metal music ", "During workout i prefer iron maiden, Metallica. It gives me an adrenaline urge to push harder. ", "Sometimes i love listening to Eminem and Kanye west too", "\"homecoming\" by kanye is always on my favorite list " ]

[ "Heavy metal music", "Heavy metal music", "Heavy metal music", "Heavy metal music" ]

[ "Surfing\ni want to surf but i cant swim", "i love how The Hawaiians referred to surfing as he’enalu, which means “wave sliding.” ", "i think so, WWII led to the invention of chemicals and materials that helped revolutionize the construction of surfboards.", "Kelly Slater (1972– ) holds the record for most money made by a surfer in one year when he made $3 million in 2009. so if you are good its lucrative" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils.", "Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG __knowledge__ The Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG (C197 / R197) is a front mid-engine, 2-seater luxury, limited production supercar automobile developed by Mercedes-AMG of German automaker Mercedes-Benz and was the first Mercedes-Benz automobile designed in-house by AMG.", "Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG __knowledge__ The car, which has gull-wing doors, was the successor to the Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren and was described by Mercedes-Benz as a spiritual successor to the Mercedes-Benz 300SL Gullwing.", "Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG __knowledge__ SLS stands for \"Super Leicht Sport\" (Super Light Sport).", "Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG __knowledge__ The Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG was assembled largely by hand, with its chassis and aluminum body shell produced by Magna Steyr in Graz, Austria and then transferred to Sindelfingen, Germany for assembly, with its engine being hand built by AMG in Affalterbach, Germany.", "Track geometry __knowledge__ Track geometry is three-dimensional geometry of track layouts and associated measurements used in design, construction and maintenance of railroad tracks.", "Track geometry __knowledge__ The subject is used in the context of standards, speed limits and other regulations in the areas of track gauge, alignment, elevation, curvature and track surface.", "Track geometry __knowledge__ Although, the geometry of the tracks is three-dimensional by nature, the standards are usually expressed in two separate layouts for horizontal and vertical.", "Track geometry __knowledge__ Horizontal layout is the track layout on the horizontal plane.", "Track geometry __knowledge__ This can be thought of as the plan view which is a view of a 3-dimensional track from the position above the track.", "James Cant Ranch Historic District __knowledge__ The James Cant Ranch is a pioneer ranch complex in Grant County in eastern Oregon, United States.", "James Cant Ranch Historic District __knowledge__ The ranch is located on both sides of the John Day River in the John Day Fossil Beds National Monument.", "James Cant Ranch Historic District __knowledge__ The ranch was originally homesteaded by Floyd Officer in 1890.", "James Cant Ranch Historic District __knowledge__ Officer sold the property to James Cant in 1910.", "James Cant Ranch Historic District __knowledge__ Cant increased the size of the property and built a modern ranch complex on the west bank of the river.", "James Cant Ranch Historic District __knowledge__ The National Park Service bought the ranch from the Cant family in 1975, and incorporated the property into the John Day Fossil Beds National Monument.", "James Cant Ranch Historic District __knowledge__ The National Park Service used the main house as a visitor center until 2003.", "CANT Z.1007 __knowledge__ The CANT Z.1007 \"Alcione\" (\"Kingfisher\") was a three-engined medium bomber, with wooden structure.", "CANT Z.1007 __knowledge__ Designed by \"ingegner\" Filippo Zappata, who also designed the CANT Z.506 it had \"excellent flying characteristics and good stability\" and was regarded by some as \"the best Italian bomber of World War II\" although its wooden structure was easily damaged by the climate, as experienced in North Africa and in Russia.", "CANT Z.1007 __knowledge__ It was used by the Italian \"Regia Aeronautica\", Italian Co-Belligerent Air Force, \"Aeronautica Nazionale Repubblicana\" and \"Luftwaffe\" during World War II.", "CANT Z.1007 __knowledge__ In 1935, Filippo Zappata, the chief designer of the \"Cantieri Aeronautici e Navali Triestini\" (CANT), designed two medium bombers, the twin-engined CANT Z.1011 and the three-engined CANT Z.1007.", "Thieves' cant __knowledge__ Thieves' cant or rogues' cant, also known as peddler's French, was a secret language (a \"cant\" or \"cryptolect\") which was formerly used by thieves, beggars and hustlers of various kinds in Great Britain and to a lesser extent in other English-speaking countries.", "Thieves' cant __knowledge__ The classic, colourful argot is now mostly obsolete, and is largely relegated to the realm of literature and fantasy role-playing, although individual terms continue to be used in the criminal subcultures of both Britain and the United States.", "Thieves' cant __knowledge__ Its South German and Swiss equivalent is the Rotwelsch , its Dutch equivalent is Bargoens and Serbo-Croatian equivalent is Šatrovački.", "Sanne Cant __knowledge__ Sanne Cant (born 8 October 1990) is a Belgian racing cyclist.", "Sanne Cant __knowledge__ She participates mainly in cyclo-cross.", "Sanne Cant __knowledge__ In her youth Cant competed in both athletics and duathlon.", "Sanne Cant __knowledge__ In 2002, she started cycling, focusing mainly on cyclocross and mountain biking.", "Sanne Cant __knowledge__ In her first year as a cyclist she immediately won the provincial championship at the 12 years old.", "Sanne Cant __knowledge__ In 2003, she repeated this, as in 2004.", "Sanne Cant __knowledge__ In this latter year she scored her first major victory, becoming Belgian champion in the 14-year-old category.", "Sanne Cant __knowledge__ She then moved into the youth category, continuing her provincial title run, as well as its MTB title.", "Sanne Cant __knowledge__ For 2006, the expectations were high, winning another provincial title and her first national title.", "Uncle Tobys Super Series __knowledge__ The Uncle Toby's Super Series was a professional Australian Iron Man circuit that ran from 1989 to 2001.", "Uncle Tobys Super Series __knowledge__ It was considered by many to be the pinnacle of Surf Lifesaving and inspired many young kids to become involved in the sport.", "Uncle Tobys Super Series __knowledge__ It also made the sport professional and gave the opportunity for contracted competitors to make a full-time living from the sport.", "Uncle Tobys Super Series __knowledge__ Televised on Network 10, The Uncle Toby's Super Series became a major event on the Australian Sporting Calendar each summer.", "Uncle Tobys Super Series __knowledge__ In 1984 The Coolangatta Gold became the first ever professional Iron Man race with $20,000 prize money.", "Uncle Tobys Super Series __knowledge__ Guy Leech won the race in its inaugural year and also the following year before The SLSA decided to discontinue the event." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ The riding of waves has likely existed since humans began swimming in the ocean.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ In this sense, bodysurfing is the oldest type of wave-catching.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ Standing up on what is now called a surfboard is a relatively recent innovation developed by the Polynesians.The influences for modern surfing can be directly traced to the surfers of pre-contact Hawaii.", "History of surfing __knowledge__ The art of surfing, known as \"heʻe ʻana\" (\"heʻe\" means \"to surf\", and \"ʻana\" is the nominilizing particle) in the Hawaiian language, was first discovered by Joseph Banks on the HMS Endeavour during the first voyage of James Cook, during the ship's stay in Tahiti.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ A surfboard is an elongated platform used in the sport of surfing.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ Surfboards are relatively light, but are strong enough to support an individual standing on them while riding an ocean surface wave breaking wave.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ They were invented in ancient Hawaii, where they were known as \"papa he'e nalu\" in the Hawaiian language, they were usually made of wood from local trees, such as koa, and were often over in length and extremely heavy.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ Major advances over the years include the addition of one or more fins on the bottom rear of the board to improve directional stability, and numerous improvements in materials and shape.", "Hawaii __knowledge__ Hawaii ( ; ) is the 50th and most recent state to have joined the United States of America, having received statehood on August 21, 1959.", "Hawaii __knowledge__ Hawaii is the only U.S. state located in Oceania and the only one composed entirely of islands.", "Hawaii __knowledge__ It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean.", "Hawaii __knowledge__ Hawaii is the only U.S. state located outside North America.", "Hawaii __knowledge__ The state encompasses nearly the entire volcanic Hawaiian archipelago, which comprises hundreds of islands spread over .", "Hawaii __knowledge__ At the southeastern end of the archipelago, the eight main islands are—in order from northwest to southeast: Niihau, Kauai, Oahu, Molokai, Lānai, Kahoolawe, Maui, and the Island of Hawaii.", "Diego Bautista Urbaneja Municipality __knowledge__ The Diego Bautista Urbaneja Municipality is one of the 21 municipalities (municipios) that makes up the eastern Venezuelan state of Anzoátegui and, according to the 2011 census by the National Institute of Statistics of Venezuela, the municipality has a population of 37,829.", "Diego Bautista Urbaneja Municipality __knowledge__ The town of Lechería is the shire town of the Diego Bautista Urbaneja Municipality.", "Diego Bautista Urbaneja Municipality __knowledge__ The municipality is named for the independence hero Diego Bautista Urbaneja.", "Diego Bautista Urbaneja Municipality __knowledge__ The town of Lechería was founded as San Miguel de Neverí in 1535, but resistance from native groups, among them being the Cumanagotos, caused the town to be abandoned one year later by the Spaniards.", "Rice v. Cayetano __knowledge__ Rice v. Cayetano, 528 U.S. 495 (2000), was a case filed in 1996 by Big Island rancher Harold \"Freddy\" Rice against the state of Hawaii and argued before the United States Supreme Court.", "Rice v. Cayetano __knowledge__ In 2000, the Court ruled that the state could not restrict eligibility to vote in elections for the Board of Trustees of the Office of Hawaiian Affairs to persons of Native Hawaiian descent.", "Rice v. Cayetano __knowledge__ Rice was represented by attorney John Goemans.", "Rice v. Cayetano __knowledge__ John Roberts (who would later become the Chief Justice of the United States) argued for Ben Cayetano, the governor of Hawaii at the time.", "Rice v. Cayetano __knowledge__ The February 2000 court ruling in \"Rice v. Cayetano\" encouraged Hawaiian sovereignty opponents to file a similar lawsuit, \"Arakaki v. State of Hawai‘i\", months later.", "Music of Hawaii __knowledge__ The music of Hawaii includes an array of traditional and popular styles, ranging from native Hawaiian folk music to modern rock and hip hop.", "Music of Hawaii __knowledge__ Hawaii's musical contributions to the music of the United States are out of proportion to the state's small size.", "Music of Hawaii __knowledge__ Styles like slack-key guitar are well-known worldwide, while Hawaiian-tinged music is a frequent part of Hollywood soundtracks.", "Music of Hawaii __knowledge__ Hawaii also made a contribution to country music with the introduction of the steel guitar.", "Music of Hawaii __knowledge__ In addition, the music which began to be played by Puerto Ricans in Hawaii in the early 1900s is called cachi cachi music, on the islands of Hawaii.", "Native Americans in the United States __knowledge__ Native Americans, also known as American Indians, Indians, Indigenous Americans and other terms, are the indigenous peoples of the United States.", "Native Americans in the United States __knowledge__ There are over 500 federally recognized tribes within the U.S., about half of which are associated with Indian reservations.", "Native Americans in the United States __knowledge__ The term excludes Native Hawaiians and some Alaska Natives.", "Native Americans in the United States __knowledge__ The ancestors of modern Native Americans arrived in what is now the United States at least 15,000 years ago, possibly much longer, from Asia through Beringia.", "Native Americans in the United States __knowledge__ A vast variety of peoples, societies and cultures subsequently developed.", "Native Americans in the United States __knowledge__ Native Americans were greatly affected by the European colonization of the Americas, which began in 1492, and their population declined precipitously due to introduced diseases, warfare, and slavery.", "Santa Cruz, California __knowledge__ Santa Cruz (, ) is the county seat and largest city of Santa Cruz County, California.", "Santa Cruz, California __knowledge__ As of 2013 the U.S. Census Bureau estimated Santa Cruz's population at 62,864.", "Santa Cruz, California __knowledge__ Situated on the northern edge of Monterey Bay, about south of San Jose and 75 mi (120 km) south of San Francisco, the city is part of the 12-county San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland Combined Statistical Area.", "Santa Cruz, California __knowledge__ Santa Cruz is known for its moderate climate, natural environment, coastline, redwood forests, alternative community lifestyles, and socially liberal leanings.", "Santa Cruz, California __knowledge__ It is also home to the University of California, Santa Cruz, a premier research institution and educational hub, as well as the Santa Cruz Beach Boardwalk, an oceanfront amusement park operating continuously since 1907.", "Native American mascot controversy __knowledge__ The use of terms and images referring to Native Americans/First Nations as the name or mascot for a sports team is a topic of public controversy in the United States and Canada.", "Native American mascot controversy __knowledge__ Since the 1960s, as part of the indigenous civil rights movements, there have been a number of protests and other actions by Native Americans and their supporters targeting the more prominent use of such names and images by professional franchises such as the Cleveland Indians (in particular their \"Chief Wahoo\" logo); and the Washington Redskins (the term \"redskins\" being defined in most American English dictionaries as 'derogatory slang').", "Native American disease and epidemics __knowledge__ European diseases and epidemics pervade many aspects of Native American life, both throughout history and in the present day.", "Native American disease and epidemics __knowledge__ Diseases and epidemics can be chronicled from centuries ago when European settlers brought forth diseases that devastated entire tribes.", "Native American disease and epidemics __knowledge__ This has even led to affect modern day Native Americans who continue to face serious struggles with particular diseases.", "Native American disease and epidemics __knowledge__ The current crises in diseases and epidemics are addressed by many different groups, both governmental and independent, and is done through a multitude of programs.", "Native American disease and epidemics __knowledge__ The arrival of Europeans also brought on the Columbian Exchange.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surf culture is the culture that includes the people, language, fashion, and lifestyle surrounding the sport of surfing.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ The history of surfing began with the ancient Polynesians.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ That initial culture directly influenced modern surfing, which began to flourish and evolve in the early 20th century, with its popularity spiking during the 1950s and 1960s (principally in Hawaii, Australia, and California).", "Surf culture __knowledge__ It has affected music, clothing fashion, literature, film, art, and youth jargon in popular culture' the number of surfers throughout the world continues to increase.", "Surf culture __knowledge__ Surfers' desire for the best possible waves to ride make them dependent on conditions that may change rapidly, given the unpredictable nature of weather events and their effect on the surface of the ocean.", "Cleveland Indians name and logo controversy __knowledge__ As part of the Native American mascot controversy, the Cleveland Indians logo, Chief Wahoo, has drawn particular criticism from some activist groups as an offensive racial caricature.", "Cleveland Indians name and logo controversy __knowledge__ However the use of \"Indians\" as the name of a team is also part of the controversy which has led over 115 activists groups to publish resolutions or policies that state that any use of Native American names and/or symbols by non-native sports teams is a harmful form of ethnic stereotyping that promote misunderstanding and prejudice which contributes to other problems faced by Native Americans.", "Cleveland Indians name and logo controversy __knowledge__ A few Native Americans have been protesting and taking other actions opposing the name and logo since the 1970s." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ A surfboard is an elongated platform used in the sport of surfing.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ Surfboards are relatively light, but are strong enough to support an individual standing on them while riding an ocean surface wave breaking wave.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ They were invented in ancient Hawaii, where they were known as \"papa he'e nalu\" in the Hawaiian language, they were usually made of wood from local trees, such as koa, and were often over in length and extremely heavy.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ Major advances over the years include the addition of one or more fins on the bottom rear of the board to improve directional stability, and numerous improvements in materials and shape.", "Productivity improving technologies __knowledge__ This article is about the important technologies that have historically increased productivity.", "Productivity improving technologies __knowledge__ Productivity in general is a ratio of output to input in the production of goods and services.", "Productivity improving technologies __knowledge__ Productivity is increased by lowering the amount of labor, capital, energy or materials that go into producing any given amount of economic goods and services.", "Productivity improving technologies __knowledge__ Increases in productivity are largely responsible for the increase in per capita living standards.", "Productivity improving technologies __knowledge__ Productivity improving technologies date back to antiquity, with rather slow progress until the late Middle Ages.", "Productivity improving technologies __knowledge__ Important examples of early to medieval European technology include the water wheel, the horse collar, the spinning wheel, the three-field system (after 1500 the four-field system—see Crop rotation) and the blast furnace.", "Surfboard shaper __knowledge__ A surfboard shaper is someone who builds and designs surfboards by hand.", "Surfboard shaper __knowledge__ Originally made from wood, most modern surfboards are made from pre-formed polyurethane blanks or styrofoam and then fine shaped by the shaper using an array of tools ranging from surforms, rasps, sanding machines and power planers.", "Surfboard shaper __knowledge__ When the form is sculpted in the foam core, the shaper may complete the build by layering fiberglass sheets over the deck and bottom and laminating these with a thermosetting resin such as polyester.", "Surfboard shaper __knowledge__ Most shapers today design surfboards using computer programs to generate data that can be supplied to a computer cutting facility which will mill the raw foam blank within 90% of the finished shape, leaving the shaper to fine-tune the blank to its final state before glassing.", "The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care __knowledge__ Benjamin Spock's The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care is one of the best-selling books of the twentieth century, selling 500,000 copies in the six months after its initial publication in 1946, and 50 million by the time of Spock’s death in 1998.", "The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care __knowledge__ As of 2011, the book had been translated into 39 languages.", "The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care __knowledge__ Spock and his manual helped revolutionize child-rearing methods for the post-World War II generation.", "The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care __knowledge__ Mothers heavily relied on Spock’s advice and appreciated his friendly, reassuring tone.", "The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care __knowledge__ Spock emphasizes in his book that, above all, parents should have confidence in their abilities and trust their instincts.", "Economic history of the United States __knowledge__ The economic history of the United States is about characteristics of and important developments in the U.S. economy from colonial times to the present.", "Economic history of the United States __knowledge__ The emphasis is on economic performance and how it was affected by new technologies, the change of size in economic sectors and the effects of legislation and government policy.", "Economic history of the United States __knowledge__ Specialized business history is covered in American business history.", "Economic history of the United States __knowledge__ The colonial economy differed significantly from that of most other regions in that land and natural resources were abundant in America but labor was scarce.", "Economic history of the United States __knowledge__ From 1700 to 1775 the output of the thirteen colonies increased 12 fold, giving the colonies an economy about 30% the size of Britain's at the time of independence.", "Bruce Jones (surfboards) __knowledge__ Bruce Jones was a founding pioneer in the surfboard shaping industry.", "Bruce Jones (surfboards) __knowledge__ The company he founded, Bruce Jones Surfboards, has built premium surfboards since 1973.", "Bruce Jones (surfboards) __knowledge__ Jones developed his skills by working with industry pioneers Hobart Alter founder of Hobie, Gordon Duane founder of Gordie Surfboards, and Dick Brewer founder of Dick Brewer Surfboards.", "Bruce Jones (surfboards) __knowledge__ Jones still shaped all of his company's boards until his death.", "Bruce Jones (surfboards) __knowledge__ Bruce Jones had been surfing since the age of 15, and his love for the sport and interest in the art of building boards suggested to him that he pursue this as a career choice.", "Bruce Jones (surfboards) __knowledge__ It turned out to be a good decision.", "Tahiti __knowledge__ Tahiti (; ; previously also known as Otaheite (obsolete) is the largest island in the Windward group of French Polynesia.", "Tahiti __knowledge__ The island is located in the archipelago of the Society Islands in the central Southern Pacific Ocean, and is divided into two parts: the bigger, northwestern part \"Tahiti Nui\" and the smaller, southeastern part \"Tahiti Iti\".", "Tahiti __knowledge__ The island was formed from volcanic activity and is high and mountainous with surrounding coral reefs.", "Tahiti __knowledge__ The population is 189,517 inhabitants (2017 census), making it the most populous island of French Polynesia and accounting for 68.7 percent of its total population.", "Mutiny on the Bounty __knowledge__ The mutiny on the Royal Navy vessel occurred in the south Pacific on 28 April 1789.", "Mutiny on the Bounty __knowledge__ Led by Acting Lieutenant Fletcher Christian, disaffected crewmen seized control of the ship from their captain, Lieutenant William Bligh, and set him and 18 loyalists adrift in the ship's open launch.", "Mutiny on the Bounty __knowledge__ The mutineers variously settled on Tahiti or on Pitcairn Island.", "Mutiny on the Bounty __knowledge__ Bligh meanwhile completed a voyage of more than in the launch to reach safety, and began the process of bringing the mutineers to justice.", "Mutiny on the Bounty __knowledge__ \"Bounty\" had left England in 1787 on a mission to collect and transport breadfruit plants from Tahiti to the West Indies.", "Yup'ik __knowledge__ The Yup'ik or Yupiaq (sg & pl) and Yupiit or Yupiat (pl), also Central Alaskan Yup'ik, Central Yup'ik, Alaskan Yup'ik (own name \"Yup'ik\" \"Yupiik\" \"Yupiit\" ), are an Eskimo people of western and southwestern Alaska ranging from southern Norton Sound southwards along the coast of the Bering Sea on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (including living on Nelson and Nunivak Islands) and along the northern coast of Bristol Bay as far east as Nushagak Bay and the northern Alaska Peninsula at Naknek River and Egegik Bay.", "Yup'ik __knowledge__ They are also known as Cup'ik by the Chevak Cup'ik dialect-speaking Eskimos of Chevak and Cup'ig for the Nunivak Cup'ig dialect-speaking Eskimo of Nunivak Island.", "Yup'ik clothing __knowledge__ Yup'ik clothing (Yup'ik \"aturaq\" \"aturak\" \"aturat\" , \"aklu\", \"akluq\", \"un’u\" ; also, \"piluguk\" in Unaliq-Pastuliq dialect, \"aklu\", \"cangssagar\", \"un’u\" in Nunivak dialect) refers to the traditional Eskimo-style clothing worn by the Yupik people of southwestern Alaska.", "Yup'ik clothing __knowledge__ Also known as Cup'ik clothing for the Chevak Cup'ik-speaking people of Chevak and Cup'ig clothing for the Nunivak Cup'ig-speaking people of Nunivak Island.", "Yup'ik clothing __knowledge__ The traditional clothing system developed and used by the Eskimo peoples is the most effective cold weather clothing developed to date.", "Yup'ik clothing __knowledge__ Yup'ik women made clothes and footwear from animal skins (especially hide and fur of marine and land mammals for fur clothing, sometimes birds, also fish), sewn together using needles made from animal bones, walrus ivory, and bird bones such as front part of a crane's foot and threads made from other animal products, such as sinew.", "Wenjack (novella) __knowledge__ Wenjack is a historical fiction novella based on the story of Chanie \"Charlie\" Wenjack by Canadian author Joseph Boyden.", "Wenjack (novella) __knowledge__ It was published by Hamish Hamilton of Penguin Books in 2016 and features illustrations by Cree artist Kent Monkman.", "Wenjack (novella) __knowledge__ It was part of a collaborative effort to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Chanie's death.", "Wenjack (novella) __knowledge__ The book follows Chanie Wenjack, a 12-year-old Ojibwe boy, as he escapes from a Northern Ontario residential school in the futile hopes of returning home to his family and two dogs.", "Wenjack (novella) __knowledge__ It alternates between Chanie’s perspective and the perspectives of Manitous, who take on different animal forms to keep a silent watch on Chanie as he walks on foot to a home he does not know is hundreds of kilometers away.", "First voyage of James Cook __knowledge__ The first voyage of James Cook was a combined Royal Navy and Royal Society expedition to the south Pacific Ocean aboard HMS \"Endeavour\", from 1768 to 1771.", "First voyage of James Cook __knowledge__ It was the first of three Pacific voyages of which Cook was the commander.", "First voyage of James Cook __knowledge__ The aims of this first expedition were to observe the 1769 transit of Venus across the Sun (3–4 June of that year), and to seek evidence of the postulated \"Terra Australis Incognita\" or \"unknown southern land\".", "First voyage of James Cook __knowledge__ The voyage was commissioned by King George III and commanded by Lieutenant James Cook, a junior naval officer with good skills in cartography and mathematics.", "First voyage of James Cook __knowledge__ Departing from Plymouth-Dock (Devonport) in August 1768, the expedition crossed the Atlantic, rounded Cape Horn and reached Tahiti in time to observe the transit of Venus.", "Joseph Banks __knowledge__ Sir Joseph Banks, 1st Baronet, (19 June 1820) was an English naturalist, botanist and patron of the natural sciences.", "Joseph Banks __knowledge__ Banks made his name on the 1766 natural history expedition to Newfoundland and Labrador.", "Joseph Banks __knowledge__ He took part in Captain James Cook's first great voyage (1768–1771), visiting Brazil, Tahiti, and, after 6 months in New Zealand, Australia, returning to immediate fame.", "Joseph Banks __knowledge__ He held the position of President of the Royal Society for over 41 years.", "Joseph Banks __knowledge__ He advised King George III on the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and by sending botanists around the world to collect plants, he made Kew the world's leading botanical gardens." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Surfing __knowledge__ Surfing is a surface water sport in which the wave rider, referred to as a surfer, rides on the forward or deep face of a moving wave, which is usually carrying the surfer towards the shore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Waves suitable for surfing are primarily found in the ocean, but can also be found in lakes or in rivers in the form of a standing wave or tidal bore.", "Surfing __knowledge__ However, surfers can also utilize artificial waves such as those from boat wakes and the waves created in artificial wave pools.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The term \"surfing\" refers to the act of riding a wave, regardless of whether the wave is ridden with a board or without a board, and regardless of the stance used.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The native peoples of the Pacific, for instance, surfed waves on alaia, paipo, and other such craft, and did so on their belly and knees.", "Surfing __knowledge__ The modern-day definition of surfing, however, most often refers to a surfer riding a wave standing up on a surfboard; this is also referred to as stand-up surfing.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Another prominent form of surfing is body boarding, when a surfer rides a wave on a bodyboard, either lying on their belly, drop knee, or sometimes even standing up on a body board.", "Surfing __knowledge__ Other types of surfing include knee boarding, surf matting (riding inflatable mats), and using foils.", "Kelly Slater __knowledge__ Robert Kelly Slater (born February 11, 1972) is an American professional surfer known for his competitive prowess and style.", "Kelly Slater __knowledge__ He has been crowned World Surf League Champion a record 11 times, including 5 consecutive titles in 1994–98.", "Kelly Slater __knowledge__ He is the youngest (at age 20) and the oldest (at age 39) to win the title.", "Kelly Slater __knowledge__ Upon winning his 5th world title in 1997, Slater passed Australian surfer Mark Richards to become the most successful champion in the history of the sport.", "Kelly Slater __knowledge__ In 2007 he also became the all-time leader in career event wins by winning the Boost Mobile Pro event at Lower Trestles near San Clemente, California.", "Andy Irons __knowledge__ Philip Andrew Irons (July 24, 1978November 2, 2010) was an American professional surfer.", "Andy Irons __knowledge__ Irons learned to surf on the dangerous and shallow reefs of the North Shore in Kauai, Hawaii.", "Andy Irons __knowledge__ Over the course of his professional career, he won three world titles (2002, 2003, 2004), three Quiksilver Pro France titles (2003, 2004, 2005), two Rip Curl Pro Search titles (2006 and 2007) and 20 elite tour victories including the Vans Triple Crown of Surfing four times from 2002-2006.", "Andy Irons __knowledge__ On September 3, 2010 he won the Billabong Pro Teahupoo in Tahiti.", "Andy Irons __knowledge__ He and his family hosted the Annual Irons Brothers Pinetrees Classic, a contest for youngsters.", "Sean Mattison __knowledge__ Sean Mattison is an American former professional surfer and current professional surf coach and mastermind behind Kelly Slater's \"nubster\".", "Sean Mattison __knowledge__ A fifth fin that was created by Mattison that some critics say helped Kelly Slater win his 11th ASP World Championship.", "Sean Mattison __knowledge__ Mattison also is the designer of his own alternative high performance surfboards and surfboard fins named Von-Sol.", "Sean Mattison __knowledge__ In 2009 Assistant Coach Sean Mattison along with Head Coach Ian Cairns founder of the Association of Surfing Professionals coached the 2009 USA Surf Team to a Gold Medal in the 2009 ISA World Championships.", "Sean Mattison __knowledge__ Prior to that win, the USA had not won a Gold Medal since 1996. in Costa Rica; France: 2nd Place, Australia: 3rd Place.", "Mavericks, California __knowledge__ Mavericks is a surfing location in northern California about from shore outside Pillar Point Harbor, just north of the town of Half Moon Bay at the village of Princeton-by-the-Sea.", "Mavericks, California __knowledge__ After a strong winter storm in the northern Pacific Ocean, waves can routinely crest at over and top out at over .", "Mavericks, California __knowledge__ Routinely, waves that break can be recorded on seismometers.", "Mavericks, California __knowledge__ The break is caused by an unusually shaped underwater rock formation.", "Mavericks, California __knowledge__ Mavericks is a winter destination for some of the world's best big wave surfers.", "Mavericks, California __knowledge__ Very few riders become big wave surfers, and of those, only a select few are willing to risk their lives under the hazardous, sometimes deadly, conditions at Mavericks.", "List of Saved by the Bell characters __knowledge__ The American television sitcom \"Saved by the Bell\", that aired on NBC from 1989 to 1993, follows a group of six high school students and their principal, Mr. Belding.", "List of Saved by the Bell characters __knowledge__ Kelly Kapowski (portrayed by Tiffani Amber Thiessen) is the most popular girl in school and is head cheerleader and captain of the volleyball, swim, and softball teams.", "List of Saved by the Bell characters __knowledge__ Though a good student and role model, Kelly did find herself sentenced to detention on a couple of occasions.", "List of Saved by the Bell characters __knowledge__ She is also a big fan of George Michael.", "List of Saved by the Bell characters __knowledge__ She also is the love interest and later wife of Zack Morris.", "List of Saved by the Bell characters __knowledge__ At the start of her freshman year, Zack had been trying to go out with Kelly ever since she can remember.", "Kelly Slater's Pro Surfer __knowledge__ Kelly Slater's Pro Surfer is an extreme sports video game developed by Trayarch and published by Activision under the Activision O2 label, endorsed by veteran surfer Kelly Slater and released for Game Boy Advance, GameCube, PlayStation 2 and Xbox in 2002, and for Mobile and Microsoft Windows in 2003.", "Kelly Slater's Pro Surfer __knowledge__ \"Kelly Slater's Pro Surfer\" received \"generally favorable reviews\" on all platforms except the Game Boy Advance version, which received \"average\" reviews, according to video game review aggregator Metacritic.", "Kelly Slater's Pro Surfer __knowledge__ \"Famitsu\" gave it a score of two sevens, one six, and one seven for a total of 27 out of 40.", "Surfboard shaper __knowledge__ A surfboard shaper is someone who builds and designs surfboards by hand.", "Surfboard shaper __knowledge__ Originally made from wood, most modern surfboards are made from pre-formed polyurethane blanks or styrofoam and then fine shaped by the shaper using an array of tools ranging from surforms, rasps, sanding machines and power planers.", "Surfboard shaper __knowledge__ When the form is sculpted in the foam core, the shaper may complete the build by layering fiberglass sheets over the deck and bottom and laminating these with a thermosetting resin such as polyester.", "Surfboard shaper __knowledge__ Most shapers today design surfboards using computer programs to generate data that can be supplied to a computer cutting facility which will mill the raw foam blank within 90% of the finished shape, leaving the shaper to fine-tune the blank to its final state before glassing.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ A surfboard is an elongated platform used in the sport of surfing.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ Surfboards are relatively light, but are strong enough to support an individual standing on them while riding an ocean surface wave breaking wave.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ They were invented in ancient Hawaii, where they were known as \"papa he'e nalu\" in the Hawaiian language, they were usually made of wood from local trees, such as koa, and were often over in length and extremely heavy.", "Surfboard __knowledge__ Major advances over the years include the addition of one or more fins on the bottom rear of the board to improve directional stability, and numerous improvements in materials and shape.", "Donald Takayama __knowledge__ Donald Moke Takayama (November 16, 1943 – October 22, 2012) was an American professional surfer and surfboard shaper.", "Donald Takayama __knowledge__ Originally a longboard surfer, Takayama won the Master's division of the United States Surfing Champions in 1971, 1972 and 1973.", "Donald Takayama __knowledge__ Hawaiian born, Takayama learned surf at Waikiki Beach and moved to California in the mid-1950s.", "Donald Takayama __knowledge__ Takayama died of complications from heart surgery, he is survived by his wife and four daughters.", "Donald Takayama __knowledge__ Takayama started surfing during his kindergarten year at Waikiki Beach on the south shore of Oʻahu, Hawaii.", "Donald Takayama __knowledge__ At 45 pounds, his 95-pound redwood surfboard was too heavy to carry home.", "Simon Anderson __knowledge__ Simon Anderson (born 7 July 1954) is an Australian competitive surfer, surfboard shaper, and writer.", "Simon Anderson __knowledge__ He is credited with the 1980 invention of a three-fin surfboard design, called the \"thruster\", which remains the industry standard.", "Simon Anderson __knowledge__ Anderson grew up in the Northern Beaches area of Sydney with three brothers.", "Simon Anderson __knowledge__ His family lived in a house that overlooked Collaroy Beach.", "Simon Anderson __knowledge__ In 1977, he won the junior division at the Bells Beach Classic Easter competition and began shaping surfboards in the Sydney suburb of Brookvale.", "Simon Anderson __knowledge__ In 1975, Anderson started his own surfboard factory, Energy Surfboards, in Brookvale.", "Dale Velzy __knowledge__ Dale Velzy (September 23, 1927 – May 26, 2005) was an American surfboard shaper, credited with being the world's first commercial shaper.", "Dale Velzy __knowledge__ He opened the first professional surf shop in Manhattan Beach, California in 1950, personally hand fashioning the surfboards from wood or synthetic material.", "Dale Velzy __knowledge__ By 1960, Velzy owned five retail shops and three production facilities in California and Hawaii.", "Dale Velzy __knowledge__ He was known as \"Hawk\" for his keen eyesight.", "Dale Velzy __knowledge__ Velzy was born on September 23, 1927 in Hermosa Beach, California.", "Dale Velzy __knowledge__ He had Dutch ancestry and his family was involved in wood-working, cabinetmaking or logging.", "Dale Velzy __knowledge__ His father was a woodworker and part-time life guard.", "Thomas Meyerhoffer __knowledge__ Thomas Meyerhoffer is a Swedish-American designer, innovator and design entrepreneur.", "Thomas Meyerhoffer __knowledge__ He is the founder and principal designer of Studio Meyerhoffer an award-winning design firm.", "Thomas Meyerhoffer __knowledge__ He is also regarded as one of the more progressive surfboard shapers in the world and is the founder of his own surf brand.", "Thomas Meyerhoffer __knowledge__ Meyerhoffer believes in design which connects with people on a deeper level through form and innovation.", "Thomas Meyerhoffer __knowledge__ He is the recipient of multiple international design awards such as D&AD, IDEA, IF and Red Dot Awards.", "Thomas Meyerhoffer __knowledge__ In addition, Meyerhoffer has been a participant in major design exhibitions in the Cooper Hewitt , San Francisco Museum of Modern Art and Design Museum London." ] ]

[ 5, 12, 19, 10 ]

[ "Well you can learn! Surfing can done with or without a board and it takes practice! Native people in the Pacific do it all the time.", "Yup, wasn't that saying discovered by Joseph Banks on the HMS Endeavor where his ship stayed in Tahiti? ", "Oh a surfboard shaper! Someone who builds and designs surfboards by hand!", "Yup. Slater was a 11 time winning World Surf League Champion! He was skilled and knew what was needed to make a good surfboard!" ]

[ "Surfing", "Surfing", "Surfing", "Surfing" ]

[ "Pie\nI love pie. My favorite type is pecan. ", "Really, I never knew that. Does it have to have a crust and top too?", "What do you think is the ideal temperature to bake pies at?", "Do you prefer pies or cakes?", "I like cake too. My favorite is chocolate." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pie __knowledge__ A pie is a baked dish which is usually made of a pastry dough casing that covers or completely contains a filling of various sweet or savoury ingredients.", "Pie __knowledge__ Pies are defined by their crusts.", "Pie __knowledge__ A \"filled\" pie (also \"single-crust\" or \"bottom-crust\"), has pastry lining the baking dish, and the filling is placed on top of the pastry but left open.", "Pie __knowledge__ A \"top-crust\" pie has the filling in the bottom of the dish and is covered with a pastry or other covering before baking.", "Pie __knowledge__ A \"two-crust\" pie has the filling completely enclosed in the pastry shell.", "Pie __knowledge__ Shortcrust pastry is a typical kind of pastry used for pie crusts, but many things can be used, including baking powder biscuits, mashed potatoes, and crumbs.", "Pie __knowledge__ Pies can be a variety of sizes, ranging from bite-size to ones designed for multiple servings.", "Pie __knowledge__ The need for nutritious, easy-to-store, easy-to-carry, and long-lasting foods on long journeys, in particular at sea, was initially solved by taking live food along with a butcher or cook.", "Pie __knowledge__ However, this took up additional space on what were either horse-powered treks or small ships, reducing the time of travel before additional food was required.", "Pie __knowledge__ This resulted in early armies adopting the style of hunter-foraging.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Pecan pie __knowledge__ Pecan pie is a pie of pecan nuts mixed with a filling of eggs, butter, and sugar (typically corn syrup).", "Pecan pie __knowledge__ Variations may include white or brown sugar, sugar syrup, molasses, maple syrup, or honey.", "Pecan pie __knowledge__ It is popularly served at holiday meals and is also considered a specialty of Southern U.S. cuisine.", "Pecan pie __knowledge__ Most pecan pie recipes include salt and vanilla as flavorings.", "Pecan pie __knowledge__ Chocolate and bourbon whiskey are other popular additions to the recipe.", "Pecan pie __knowledge__ Pecan pie is often served with whipped cream, vanilla ice cream, or hard sauce.", "Pecan pie __knowledge__ Pecans are native to the southern United States.", "Pecan pie __knowledge__ Archaeological evidence found in Texas indicates that Native Americans used pecans more than 8,000 years ago.", "Pecan __knowledge__ The pecan (\"Carya illinoinensis\") is a species of hickory native to Mexico and the Southern United States.", "Pecan __knowledge__ \"Pecan\" is from an Algonquian word variously referring to pecans, walnuts and hickory nuts, or more broadly to any nut requiring a stone to crack.", "Pecan __knowledge__ There are many variant pronunciations, some regional and others not.", "Pecan __knowledge__ The most common American pronunciation is ; the most common British one is .", "Pecan __knowledge__ Unusually, there is little agreement in the United States, even regionally, as to the \"correct\" pronunciation.", "Pecan __knowledge__ The pecan tree is a large deciduous tree, growing to in height, rarely to .", "Pecan __knowledge__ It typically has a spread of with a trunk up to diameter.", "Pecan anthracnose __knowledge__ Pecan anthracnose is a fungal disease of pecan trees caused by the ascomycete \"Glomerella cingulata\" (Stoneman) Spauld.", "Pecan anthracnose __knowledge__ & H. It is a widespread disease found wherever pecan trees are grown.", "Pecan anthracnose __knowledge__ Pecan anthracnose has been reported as far back in time as 1914 (Rand 1914), and as far away as Argentina (Mantz, Minhot et al.", "Pecan anthracnose __knowledge__ 2010).", "Pecan anthracnose __knowledge__ \"Glomerella cingulata\" has two anamorphs which cause disease on pecan trees, \"Colletotrichum gloeosporioides\" and \"Colletotrichum acutatum\" (Latham 1995).", "Pecan anthracnose __knowledge__ The occurrence of \"Colletotrichum\" on pecans has contributed to a significant decline in pecan production in various years.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ This is a list of \"Strawberry Shortcake\" characters.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ There are (at this writing) four distinct continuities in which Strawberry Shortcake's adventures take place: The original, 1980s version, the 2003 reboot, the 2009/2010 reboot and the upcoming 2018 reboot.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Many of Strawberry Shortcake's friends appear in more than one continuity, and their appearance and/or characterization can vary greatly between versions.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Distinct traits will be noted in each of the circas in which a character happens to appear.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Strawberry Shortcake is the protagonist and the title character of \"The World of Strawberry Shortcake\" franchise.", "List of American Pie characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the film series \"American Pie\" consisting of \"American Pie\" (1999), \"American Pie 2\" (2001), \"American Wedding\" (2003), \"\" (2005), \"\" (2006), \"\" (2007), \"\" (2009), and \"American Reunion\" (2012).", "List of American Pie characters __knowledge__ Only one character, Noah Levenstein played by Eugene Levy, has appeared in all eight released films.", "List of American Pie characters __knowledge__ Biggs, Hannigan, Scott, Nicholas, Thomas, Coolidge, Cho, Isfield, Cheek, and Owen all play their characters in four films each; other characters appear in fewer films.", "List of American Pie characters __knowledge__ Noah Levenstein, also known as \"Jim's dad\", is the only character to appear in all eight films to date.", "Elliot Pecan __knowledge__ The Elliot Pecan, or Elliott Pecan, is a pecan variety planted predominately in Georgia and Florida.", "Elliot Pecan __knowledge__ The nut is distinguishable by its smooth shell and small, tear-drop shape.", "Elliot Pecan __knowledge__ The first Elliot tree was a seedling in the lawn of the American lumberman Henry Elliot in Milton, Florida.", "Elliot Pecan __knowledge__ The Elliot Pecan tree is among the most disease-resistant pecan trees planted in the Southeastern United States.", "Elliot Pecan __knowledge__ The original Elliot tree in Henry Elliot's lawn had a trunk diameter of and was noted for its resistance to pecan scab and other diseases.", "Elliot Pecan __knowledge__ The tree annually produced up to of pecan nuts.", "Elliot Pecan __knowledge__ In 1919, the Elliot family shared some of their pecans with Mr. Harlan of Harlan Farms Nursery in Paxton, Florida." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pie __knowledge__ A pie is a baked dish which is usually made of a pastry dough casing that covers or completely contains a filling of various sweet or savoury ingredients.", "Pie __knowledge__ Pies are defined by their crusts.", "Pie __knowledge__ A \"filled\" pie (also \"single-crust\" or \"bottom-crust\"), has pastry lining the baking dish, and the filling is placed on top of the pastry but left open.", "Pie __knowledge__ A \"top-crust\" pie has the filling in the bottom of the dish and is covered with a pastry or other covering before baking.", "Pie __knowledge__ A \"two-crust\" pie has the filling completely enclosed in the pastry shell.", "Pie __knowledge__ Shortcrust pastry is a typical kind of pastry used for pie crusts, but many things can be used, including baking powder biscuits, mashed potatoes, and crumbs.", "Pie __knowledge__ Pies can be a variety of sizes, ranging from bite-size to ones designed for multiple servings.", "Pie __knowledge__ The need for nutritious, easy-to-store, easy-to-carry, and long-lasting foods on long journeys, in particular at sea, was initially solved by taking live food along with a butcher or cook.", "Pie __knowledge__ However, this took up additional space on what were either horse-powered treks or small ships, reducing the time of travel before additional food was required.", "Pie __knowledge__ This resulted in early armies adopting the style of hunter-foraging.", "Crust (geology) __knowledge__ In geology, the crust is the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet, dwarf planet, or natural satellite.", "Crust (geology) __knowledge__ It is usually distinguished from the underlying mantle by its chemical makeup; however, in the case of icy satellites, it may be distinguished based on its phase (solid crust vs. liquid mantle).", "Crust (geology) __knowledge__ The crusts of Earth, Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Io, and other planetary bodies formed via igneous processes, and were later modified by erosion, impact cratering, volcanism, and sedimentation.", "Crust (geology) __knowledge__ Most terrestrial planets have fairly uniform crusts.", "Crust (geology) __knowledge__ Earth, however, has two distinct types: continental crust and oceanic crust.", "Plate tectonics __knowledge__ Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin \"tectonicus\", from the \"pertaining to building\") is a scientific theory describing the large-scale motion of seven large plates and the movements of a larger number of smaller plates of the Earth's lithosphere, since tectonic processes began on Earth between 3 and 3.5 billion years ago.", "Plate tectonics __knowledge__ The model builds on the concept of continental drift, an idea developed during the first decades of the 20th century.", "Plate tectonics __knowledge__ The geoscientific community accepted plate-tectonic theory after seafloor spreading was validated in the late 1950s and early 1960s.", "Plate tectonics __knowledge__ The lithosphere, which is the rigid outermost shell of a planet (the crust and upper mantle), is broken into tectonic plates.", "Continental crust __knowledge__ The continental crust is the layer of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks that forms the continents and the areas of shallow seabed close to their shores, known as continental shelves.", "Continental crust __knowledge__ This layer is sometimes called \"sial\" because its bulk composition is more felsic compared to the oceanic crust, called \"sima\" which has a more mafic bulk composition.", "Continental crust __knowledge__ Changes in seismic wave velocities have shown that at a certain depth (the Conrad discontinuity), there is a reasonably sharp contrast between the more felsic upper continental crust and the lower continental crust, which is more mafic in character.", "History of As the World Turns __knowledge__ As the World Turns is a long-running soap opera television series that aired on CBS from April 2, 1956, to September 17, 2010.", "History of As the World Turns __knowledge__ Its fictional world has a long and involved history.", "History of As the World Turns __knowledge__ List of characters who were part of the original cast: Like many daytime dramas of the period, the show entered into a mixed experiment with heavily youth-oriented action-adventure storylines in the early 1980s under producer Mary-Ellis Bunim and writers Bridget and Jerome Dobson.", "History of As the World Turns __knowledge__ One of their juiciest stories centered around the various and sundry traumas endured by Jennifer's daughter Barbara Ryan (Colleen Zenk Pinter) - during the years of her marriage to the charismatic criminal James Stenbeck (Anthony Herrera) (This was after she had left Tom Hughes at the altar in June 1980).", "Crust punk __knowledge__ Crust punk (also known as crustcore or simply crust) is a form of music influenced by English punk rock and extreme metal.", "Crust punk __knowledge__ The style, which evolved in the mid-1980s in England, often has songs with dark and pessimistic lyrics that linger on political and social ills.", "Crust punk __knowledge__ The term \"crust\" was coined by Hellbastard on their 1986 \"Ripper Crust\" demo.", "Crust punk __knowledge__ Crust is partly defined by its \"bassy\" and \"dirty\" sound.", "Crust punk __knowledge__ It is often played at a fast tempo with occasional slow sections.", "Crust punk __knowledge__ Vocals are usually guttural and may be grunted, growled or screamed.", "Crust punk __knowledge__ Crust punk takes cues from the anarcho-punk of Crass and Discharge and the extreme metal of bands like Venom, Hellhammer/Celtic Frost and Motörhead.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Having reformed from his violent ways, Bigby (a.k.a.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ the Big Bad Wolf) became the cigarette-smoking, trench coat-clad sheriff of Fabletown.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is extremely cunning and resourceful, in addition to being an excellent detective.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Due to Snow White's possession of a lycanthropy-stained knife, he is now a werewolf and can change between wolf form, human form and an intermediate \"wolfman\" stage at will (in \"The Great Fables Crossover\", it is revealed that Bigby's nature as one of the North Wind's sons allows him to change forms at will).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is the son of the North Wind, and, as such, has control over the lower-tier winds, plus the \"huff and puff\" of legend.", "I Never Knew You __knowledge__ I Never Knew You is the second extended play by American rapper Cage.", "I Never Knew You __knowledge__ Released by Adult Swim and Definitive Jux, the EP was released to promote Cage's album \"Depart from Me\" and the first music video from that album, \"I Never Knew You\", and contained four exclusive tracks.", "I Never Knew You __knowledge__ The title track, \"I Never Knew You\", appeared on the album \"Depart from Me\".", "I Never Knew You __knowledge__ \"I Never Knew You\" was initially released as a free digital download, but has since been released through digital stores.", "I Never Knew You __knowledge__ The EP was released in conjunction with the release of a music video for \"I Never Knew You\" directed by Shia LaBeouf.", "I Never Knew You __knowledge__ The video features actor Dan Byrd following a woman played by Scarlett Kapella.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Apple pie __knowledge__ An apple pie is a pie or a tart, in which the principal filling ingredient is apple.", "Apple pie __knowledge__ It is, on occasion, served with whipped cream or ice cream on top, or alongside cheddar cheese.", "Apple pie __knowledge__ The pastry is generally used top-and-bottom, making it a double-crust pie; the upper crust may be a circular or a pastry lattice woven of crosswise strips.", "Apple pie __knowledge__ Depending on the baker's preference, the bottom of the double-crust may be baked first (before baking the whole pie) to prevent the bottom from getting soggy.", "Apple pie __knowledge__ Exceptions are deep-dish apple pie, with a top crust only, and open-face Tarte Tatin.", "Apple pie __knowledge__ The apple pie is one of the United State's signature comfort foods.", "Buko pie __knowledge__ Buko pie is a traditional Filipino baked young-coconut (malauhog) custard pie.", "Buko pie __knowledge__ It is considered a specialty in the city of Los Baños, Laguna located on the island of Luzon.", "Buko pie __knowledge__ Popular with Filipinos, it resembles a coconut cream pie, except that it is made with young coconuts (\"buko\" in Tagalog) and has neither cream in the coconut custard filling or meringue swirls on top of the baked coconut custard.", "Buko pie __knowledge__ Instead, the pie uses sweetened condensed milk, making it denser and healthier.", "Buko pie __knowledge__ The pie is made with \"buko\" meat.", "Buko pie __knowledge__ There are also variations of the pie, which are similar but use slightly different ingredients, such as \"macapuno pie\", that uses a special type of coconut which differs from ordinary coconut as it is thick and sticky.", "Stargazy pie __knowledge__ Stargazy pie (sometimes called starrey gazey pie, stargazey pie and other variants) is a Cornish dish made of baked pilchards (or sardines), along with eggs and potatoes, covered with a pastry crust.", "Stargazy pie __knowledge__ Although there are a few variations with different fish being used, the unique feature of stargazy pie is fish heads (and sometimes tails) protruding through the crust, so that they appear to be gazing skyward.", "Stargazy pie __knowledge__ This allows the oils released during cooking to flow back into the pie.", "Stargazy pie __knowledge__ The dish is traditionally held to have originated from the village of Mousehole in Cornwall and is traditionally eaten during the festival of Tom Bawcock's Eve to celebrate his heroic catch during a very stormy winter.", "Denby Dale Pies __knowledge__ Denby Dale Pies is a manufacturer of pies founded in the 'Pie Village' of Denby Dale.", "Denby Dale Pies __knowledge__ Their products are sold in branches of Sainsbury's, Tesco, Waitrose, the Co-operative Food, Asda, Morrisons and Booths.", "Denby Dale Pies __knowledge__ The village's renowned pies are a tradition dating back 220 years, usually baked to celebrate events and occasions of national importance.", "Denby Dale Pies __knowledge__ A total of ten commemorative pies have been baked, as part of the 9 festivals held since the year 1788.", "Denby Dale Pies __knowledge__ The first of these is thought to have marked the return to sanity of King George III, with the home of the first Denby Dale pie being the White Hart Inn.", "Scuffler __knowledge__ A scuffler is a word in Yorkshire dialect originating from the Castleford area meaning a large bread cake.", "Scuffler __knowledge__ This bread is always baked in a roughly triangular shape and is similar to the Northern stottie, but lighter.", "Scuffler __knowledge__ Always baked in triangular shapes, Scufflers often have a small amount of flour on the top.", "Samosa __knowledge__ A samosa (), sambusa, or samboksa is a fried or baked dish with a savoury filling, such as spiced potatoes, onions, peas, lentils, macaroni, noodles, cheese, minced lamb or minced beef.", "Samosa __knowledge__ Pine nuts can also be added.", "Samosa __knowledge__ Its size and consistency may vary, but typically it is distinctly triangular or tetrahedral in shape.", "Samosa __knowledge__ Indian samosas are usually vegetarian, and often accompanied by a mint chutney.", "Samosa __knowledge__ Samosas are a popular entrée, appetizer or snack in the local cuisines of the Arabian Peninsula, Southeast Asia, Southwest Asia, the Mediterranean, the Indian subcontinent, the Horn of Africa, East Africa, North Africa and South Africa." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pie __knowledge__ A pie is a baked dish which is usually made of a pastry dough casing that covers or completely contains a filling of various sweet or savoury ingredients.", "Pie __knowledge__ Pies are defined by their crusts.", "Pie __knowledge__ A \"filled\" pie (also \"single-crust\" or \"bottom-crust\"), has pastry lining the baking dish, and the filling is placed on top of the pastry but left open.", "Pie __knowledge__ A \"top-crust\" pie has the filling in the bottom of the dish and is covered with a pastry or other covering before baking.", "Pie __knowledge__ A \"two-crust\" pie has the filling completely enclosed in the pastry shell.", "Pie __knowledge__ Shortcrust pastry is a typical kind of pastry used for pie crusts, but many things can be used, including baking powder biscuits, mashed potatoes, and crumbs.", "Pie __knowledge__ Pies can be a variety of sizes, ranging from bite-size to ones designed for multiple servings.", "Pie __knowledge__ The need for nutritious, easy-to-store, easy-to-carry, and long-lasting foods on long journeys, in particular at sea, was initially solved by taking live food along with a butcher or cook.", "Pie __knowledge__ However, this took up additional space on what were either horse-powered treks or small ships, reducing the time of travel before additional food was required.", "Pie __knowledge__ This resulted in early armies adopting the style of hunter-foraging.", "The Great British Bake Off (series 2) __knowledge__ The second series of \"The Great British Bake Off\" started 14 August 2011 with twelve amateur bakers.", "The Great British Bake Off (series 2) __knowledge__ Unlike series one, the competition was held in a single location – in the ground of Valentines Mansion, a 17th-century mansion house in Redbridge.", "The Great British Bake Off (series 2) __knowledge__ In addition to their on-screen presenting roles, Mel Giedroyc and Sue Perkins also took over the narration of the show, which had been done by Stephen Noonan the previous series.", "The Great British Bake Off (series 2) __knowledge__ Series two also introduced the \"star baker\" award for the most impressive performer each week.", "The Great British Bake Off (series 2) __knowledge__ Three and a half thousand people applied for the competition, and 12 were selected.", "The Pot of Gold and Other Stories __knowledge__ The Pot of Gold and Other Stories is a collection of children's short stories written by American author Mary Eleanor Wilkins Freeman.", "The Pot of Gold and Other Stories __knowledge__ First published in 1892 by D. Lothrop Company in Boston, the stories are set in the villages of New England.", "The Pot of Gold and Other Stories __knowledge__ Hiding beneath the child-friendly narration of these sixteen stories, Wilkins comments on New England village life and the post-Civil war woman.", "The Pot of Gold and Other Stories __knowledge__ \"The Pot of Gold\" tells the story of the Flower family, who live in a meadow across from a vast green mountain where rainbows frequently form.", "The Pot of Gold and Other Stories __knowledge__ Within the Flower family are Father and Mother Flower and their seven children, including their oldest daughter Flax Flower.", "The Great British Bake Off (series 5) __knowledge__ The fifth series of \"The Great British Bake Off\" began on Wednesday 6 August 2014.", "The Great British Bake Off (series 5) __knowledge__ Mel Giedroyc and Sue Perkins presented the show and Mary Berry and Paul Hollywood returned as judges.", "The Great British Bake Off (series 5) __knowledge__ Twelve contestants competed in this series, and the competition was held in Welford Park in Berkshire.", "The Great British Bake Off (series 5) __knowledge__ The series was won by Nancy Birtwhistle, with Luis Troyano and Richard Burr finishing as runners-up.", "The Great British Bake Off (series 5) __knowledge__ The programme was moved from BBC Two to BBC One starting this year, however the Masterclass episodes remained on BBC Two.", "The Great British Bake Off (series 5) __knowledge__ A companion series \"\" hosted by comedian Jo Brand started this year was also shown on BBC Two.", "The Great British Bake Off (series 3) __knowledge__ The third series of \"The Great British Bake Off\" began airing on Tuesday 14 August 2012.", "The Great British Bake Off (series 3) __knowledge__ The series was filmed at Harptree Court in East Harptree, Somerset.", "The Great British Bake Off (series 3) __knowledge__ Seven thousand applied for the competition and twelve contestants were chosen.", "The Great British Bake Off (series 3) __knowledge__ For the first time, all three finalists were male: Brendan Lynch, John Whaite and James Morton.", "The Great British Bake Off (series 3) __knowledge__ The competition was won by John Whaite.", "The Great British Bake Off (series 3) __knowledge__ No one was eliminated this week due to John having injured his finger and could not complete the last bake, and the judges thought it would be unfair to eliminate anyone.", "The Great British Bake Off (series 3) __knowledge__ Two were eliminated the next week.", "The Great British Bake Off (series 3) __knowledge__ Colour key: The contestants were required to make an upside-down cake for their signature bake.", "Incandescent light bulb __knowledge__ An incandescent light bulb, incandescent lamp or incandescent light globe is an electric light with a wire filament heated to such a high temperature that it glows with visible light (incandescence).", "Incandescent light bulb __knowledge__ The filament, heated by passing an electric current through it, is protected from oxidation with a glass or fused quartz bulb that is filled with inert gas or evacuated.", "Incandescent light bulb __knowledge__ In a halogen lamp, filament evaporation is slowed by a chemical process that redeposits metal vapor onto the filament, extending its life.", "Incandescent light bulb __knowledge__ The light bulb is supplied with electric current by feed-through terminals or wires embedded in the glass.", "Meat pie (Australia and New Zealand) __knowledge__ An Australian or New Zealand meat pie is a hand-sized meat pie containing diced or minced meat and gravy, sometimes with onion, mushrooms, or cheese and often consumed as a takeaway food snack.", "Meat pie (Australia and New Zealand) __knowledge__ The meat pie is considered iconic in Australia and New Zealand.", "Meat pie (Australia and New Zealand) __knowledge__ It was described by former New South Wales Premier Bob Carr in 2003 as Australia's \"national dish\".", "Meat pie (Australia and New Zealand) __knowledge__ New Zealanders regard the meat pie as a part of New Zealand cuisine, and it forms part of the New Zealand national identity.", "Meat pie (Australia and New Zealand) __knowledge__ The Victorian pie brand Four'n Twenty produces 50,000 pies per hour and Australians consume an average of 12 meat pies per year.", "Game pie __knowledge__ Game pie is a form of meat pie featuring game.", "Game pie __knowledge__ The dish dates from Roman times when the main ingredients were wild birds and animals such as partridge, pheasant, deer, and hare.", "Game pie __knowledge__ The pies reached their most elaborate form in Victorian England, with complex recipes and specialized moulds and serving dishes.", "Game pie __knowledge__ Modern versions are simpler but savoury combinations of rabbit, venison, pigeon, pheasant, and other commercially available game.", "Game pie __knowledge__ Game pies were consumed by the wealthy in the days of the Roman Empire.", "Game pie __knowledge__ Wilhelm Adolf Becker states that the emperor Augustus consumed pies that contained chicken, pheasants, pigeon, and duck.", "Apple pie __knowledge__ An apple pie is a pie or a tart, in which the principal filling ingredient is apple.", "Apple pie __knowledge__ It is, on occasion, served with whipped cream or ice cream on top, or alongside cheddar cheese.", "Apple pie __knowledge__ The pastry is generally used top-and-bottom, making it a double-crust pie; the upper crust may be a circular or a pastry lattice woven of crosswise strips.", "Apple pie __knowledge__ Depending on the baker's preference, the bottom of the double-crust may be baked first (before baking the whole pie) to prevent the bottom from getting soggy.", "Apple pie __knowledge__ Exceptions are deep-dish apple pie, with a top crust only, and open-face Tarte Tatin.", "Apple pie __knowledge__ The apple pie is one of the United State's signature comfort foods.", "Buko pie __knowledge__ Buko pie is a traditional Filipino baked young-coconut (malauhog) custard pie.", "Buko pie __knowledge__ It is considered a specialty in the city of Los Baños, Laguna located on the island of Luzon.", "Buko pie __knowledge__ Popular with Filipinos, it resembles a coconut cream pie, except that it is made with young coconuts (\"buko\" in Tagalog) and has neither cream in the coconut custard filling or meringue swirls on top of the baked coconut custard.", "Buko pie __knowledge__ Instead, the pie uses sweetened condensed milk, making it denser and healthier.", "Buko pie __knowledge__ The pie is made with \"buko\" meat.", "Buko pie __knowledge__ There are also variations of the pie, which are similar but use slightly different ingredients, such as \"macapuno pie\", that uses a special type of coconut which differs from ordinary coconut as it is thick and sticky.", "Stargazy pie __knowledge__ Stargazy pie (sometimes called starrey gazey pie, stargazey pie and other variants) is a Cornish dish made of baked pilchards (or sardines), along with eggs and potatoes, covered with a pastry crust.", "Stargazy pie __knowledge__ Although there are a few variations with different fish being used, the unique feature of stargazy pie is fish heads (and sometimes tails) protruding through the crust, so that they appear to be gazing skyward.", "Stargazy pie __knowledge__ This allows the oils released during cooking to flow back into the pie.", "Stargazy pie __knowledge__ The dish is traditionally held to have originated from the village of Mousehole in Cornwall and is traditionally eaten during the festival of Tom Bawcock's Eve to celebrate his heroic catch during a very stormy winter.", "The Tale of the Pie and the Patty-Pan __knowledge__ The Tale of the Pie and the Patty-Pan (originally, The Pie and the Patty-Pan) is a children's book written and illustrated by Beatrix Potter, and published by Frederick Warne & Co. in October 1905.", "The Tale of the Pie and the Patty-Pan __knowledge__ It tells of a cat called Ribby and a tea party she holds for a dog called Duchess.", "The Tale of the Pie and the Patty-Pan __knowledge__ Complications arise when Duchess tries to replace Ribby's mouse pie with her own veal and ham pie, and then believes she has swallowed a small tin pastry form called a patty-pan.", "The Tale of the Pie and the Patty-Pan __knowledge__ Its themes are etiquette and social relations in a small town.", "The Tale of the Pie and the Patty-Pan __knowledge__ A version of the tale was composed by Potter in 1903, but set aside to develop other projects.", "Blind-baking __knowledge__ Baking blind (sometimes called pre-baking) is the process of baking a pie crust or other pastry without the filling.", "Blind-baking __knowledge__ Blind baking a pie crust is necessary when it will be filled with an unbaked filling (such as with pudding or cream pies), in which case the crust must be fully baked.", "Blind-baking __knowledge__ It is also called for if the filling has a shorter bake time than the crust, in which case the crust is partly baked.", "Blind-baking __knowledge__ Blind baking is also used to keep pie crust from becoming soggy due to a wet filling.", "Blind-baking __knowledge__ Blind baking can be accomplished by different methods.", "Blind-baking __knowledge__ In one technique, the pie crust is lined with aluminium foil or parchment paper, then filled with pastry- or pie weights (sometimes called \"baking beans\") to ensure the crust retains its shape while baking." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pie __knowledge__ A pie is a baked dish which is usually made of a pastry dough casing that covers or completely contains a filling of various sweet or savoury ingredients.", "Pie __knowledge__ Pies are defined by their crusts.", "Pie __knowledge__ A \"filled\" pie (also \"single-crust\" or \"bottom-crust\"), has pastry lining the baking dish, and the filling is placed on top of the pastry but left open.", "Pie __knowledge__ A \"top-crust\" pie has the filling in the bottom of the dish and is covered with a pastry or other covering before baking.", "Pie __knowledge__ A \"two-crust\" pie has the filling completely enclosed in the pastry shell.", "Pie __knowledge__ Shortcrust pastry is a typical kind of pastry used for pie crusts, but many things can be used, including baking powder biscuits, mashed potatoes, and crumbs.", "Pie __knowledge__ Pies can be a variety of sizes, ranging from bite-size to ones designed for multiple servings.", "Pie __knowledge__ The need for nutritious, easy-to-store, easy-to-carry, and long-lasting foods on long journeys, in particular at sea, was initially solved by taking live food along with a butcher or cook.", "Pie __knowledge__ However, this took up additional space on what were either horse-powered treks or small ships, reducing the time of travel before additional food was required.", "Pie __knowledge__ This resulted in early armies adopting the style of hunter-foraging.", "Cake __knowledge__ Cake is a form of sweet dessert that is typically baked.", "Cake __knowledge__ In its oldest forms, cakes were modifications of breads, but cakes now cover a wide range of preparations that can be simple or elaborate, and that share features with other desserts such as pastries, meringues, custards, and pies.", "Cake __knowledge__ Typical cake ingredients are flour, sugar, eggs, butter or oil or margarine, a liquid, and leavening agents, such as baking soda or baking powder.", "Cake __knowledge__ Common additional ingredients and flavourings include dried, candied, or fresh fruit, nuts, cocoa, and extracts such as vanilla, with numerous substitutions for the primary ingredients.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas traditions vary from country to country.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas celebrations for many nations include the installing and lighting of Christmas trees, the hanging of Advent wreaths, Christmas stockings, candy canes, and the creation of Nativity scenes depicting the birth of Jesus Christ.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas carols may be sung and stories told about such figures as the Baby Jesus, St Nicholas, Santa Claus, Father Christmas, Christkind or Grandfather Frost.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ The sending and exchange of Christmas card greetings, observance of fasting and special religious observances such as a midnight Mass or Vespers on Christmas Eve, the burning of a Yule log, and the giving and receiving of presents.", "Meat pie (Australia and New Zealand) __knowledge__ An Australian or New Zealand meat pie is a hand-sized meat pie containing diced or minced meat and gravy, sometimes with onion, mushrooms, or cheese and often consumed as a takeaway food snack.", "Meat pie (Australia and New Zealand) __knowledge__ The meat pie is considered iconic in Australia and New Zealand.", "Meat pie (Australia and New Zealand) __knowledge__ It was described by former New South Wales Premier Bob Carr in 2003 as Australia's \"national dish\".", "Meat pie (Australia and New Zealand) __knowledge__ New Zealanders regard the meat pie as a part of New Zealand cuisine, and it forms part of the New Zealand national identity.", "Meat pie (Australia and New Zealand) __knowledge__ The Victorian pie brand Four'n Twenty produces 50,000 pies per hour and Australians consume an average of 12 meat pies per year.", "Wedding cake __knowledge__ A wedding cake is the traditional cake served at wedding receptions following dinner.", "Wedding cake __knowledge__ In some parts of England, the wedding cake is served at a wedding breakfast; the 'wedding breakfast' does not mean the meal will be held in the morning, but at a time following the ceremony on the same day.", "Wedding cake __knowledge__ In modern Western culture, the cake is usually on display and served to guests at the reception.", "Wedding cake __knowledge__ Traditionally, wedding cakes were made to bring good luck to all guests and the couple.", "Wedding cake __knowledge__ Modernly however, they are more of a centerpiece to the wedding and are not always even served to the guests.", "Wedding cake __knowledge__ Some cakes are built with only a single edible tier for the bride and groom to share, but this is rare since the cost difference between fake and real tiers is minimal.", "Dessert __knowledge__ Dessert () is a confectionery course that concludes a main meal.", "Dessert __knowledge__ The course usually consists of sweet foods, and possibly a beverage such as dessert wine or liqueur, but may include coffee, cheeses, nuts, or other savory items.", "Dessert __knowledge__ In some parts of the world, such as much of central and western Africa, and most parts of China, there is no tradition of a dessert course to conclude a meal.", "Dessert __knowledge__ The term \"dessert\" can apply to many confections, such as cakes, tarts, cookies, biscuits, gelatins, pastries, ice creams, pies, puddings, custards, and sweet soups.", "Dessert __knowledge__ Fruit is also commonly found in dessert courses because of its naturally occurring sweetness.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Combined cycle __knowledge__ In electric power generation a combined cycle is an assembly of heat engines that work in tandem from the same source of heat, converting it into mechanical energy, which in turn usually drives electrical generators.", "Combined cycle __knowledge__ The principle is that after completing its cycle (in the first engine), the temperature of the working fluid engine is still high enough that a second subsequent heat engine may extract energy from the waste heat that the first engine produced.", "Combined cycle __knowledge__ By combining these multiple streams of work upon a single mechanical shaft turning an electric generator, the overall net efficiency of the system may be increased by 50–60%.", "Applications of the Stirling engine __knowledge__ Applications of the Stirling engine range from mechanical propulsion to heating and cooling to electrical generation systems.", "Applications of the Stirling engine __knowledge__ A Stirling engine is a heat engine operating by cyclic compression and expansion of air or other gas, the \"working fluid\", at different temperature levels such that there is a net conversion of heat to mechanical work.", "Applications of the Stirling engine __knowledge__ The Stirling cycle heat engine can also be driven in reverse, using a mechanical energy input to drive heat transfer in a reversed direction (i.e.", "Applications of the Stirling engine __knowledge__ a heat pump, or refrigerator).", "Applications of the Stirling engine __knowledge__ There are several design configurations for Stirling engines that can be built, many of which require rotary or sliding seals, which can introduce difficult tradeoffs between frictional losses and refrigerant leakage.", "Soil __knowledge__ Soil is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support life.", "Soil __knowledge__ The Earth's body of soil is the pedosphere, which has four important functions: it is a medium for plant growth; it is a means of water storage, supply and purification; it is a modifier of Earth's atmosphere; it is a habitat for organisms; all of which, in turn, modify the soil.", "Soil __knowledge__ Soil interfaces with the lithosphere, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the biosphere.", "Soil __knowledge__ The term \"pedolith\", used commonly to refer to the soil, literally translates \"ground stone\".", "Soil __knowledge__ Soil consists of a solid phase of minerals and organic matter (the soil matrix), as well as a porous phase that holds gases (the soil atmosphere) and water (the soil solution).", "Heat pump __knowledge__ A heat pump is a device that transfers heat energy from a source of heat to a destination called a \"heat sink\".", "Heat pump __knowledge__ Heat pumps are designed to move thermal energy in the opposite direction of spontaneous heat transfer by absorbing heat from a cold space and releasing it to a warmer one.", "Heat pump __knowledge__ A heat pump uses a small amount of external power to accomplish the work of transferring energy from the heat source to the heat sink.", "Heat pump __knowledge__ While air conditioners and freezers are familiar examples of heat pumps, the term \"heat pump\" is more general and applies to many HVAC (heating, ventilating, and air conditioning) devices used for space heating or space cooling.", "Soldering __knowledge__ Soldering (AmE: , BrE: ), is a process in which two or more items (usually metal) are joined together by melting and putting a filler metal (solder) into the joint, the filler metal having a lower melting point than the adjoining metal.", "Soldering __knowledge__ Soldering differs from welding in that soldering does not involve melting the work pieces.", "Soldering __knowledge__ In brazing, the filler metal melts at a higher temperature, but the work piece metal does not melt.", "Soldering __knowledge__ In the past, nearly all solders contained lead, but environmental and health concerns have increasingly dictated use of lead-free alloys for electronics and plumbing purposes.", "Heat capacity __knowledge__ Heat capacity or thermal capacity is a measurable physical quantity equal to the ratio of the heat added to (or removed from) an object to the resulting temperature change.", "Heat capacity __knowledge__ The unit of heat capacity is joule per kelvin formula_1, or kilogram metre squared per kelvin second squared formula_2 in the International System of Units (SI).", "Heat capacity __knowledge__ The dimensional form is .", "Heat capacity __knowledge__ Specific heat is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one kilogram of mass by 1 kelvin.", "Heat capacity __knowledge__ Heat capacity is an extensive property of matter, meaning that it is proportional to the size of the system.", "Heat capacity __knowledge__ When expressing the same phenomenon as an intensive property, the heat capacity is divided by the amount of substance, mass, or volume, thus the quantity is independent of the size or extent of the sample.", "Electrical resistance heating remediation __knowledge__ Electrical Resistance Heating (ERH) is an intensive in situ environmental remediation method that uses the flow of alternating current electricity to heat soil and groundwater and evaporate contaminants.", "Electrical resistance heating remediation __knowledge__ Electric current is passed through a targeted soil volume between subsurface electrode elements.", "Electrical resistance heating remediation __knowledge__ The resistance to electrical flow that exists in the soil causes the formation of heat; resulting in an increase in temperature until the boiling point of water at depth is reached.", "Electrical resistance heating remediation __knowledge__ After reaching this temperature, further energy input causes a phase change, forming steam and removing volatile contaminants." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pie __knowledge__ A pie is a baked dish which is usually made of a pastry dough casing that covers or completely contains a filling of various sweet or savoury ingredients.", "Pie __knowledge__ Pies are defined by their crusts.", "Pie __knowledge__ A \"filled\" pie (also \"single-crust\" or \"bottom-crust\"), has pastry lining the baking dish, and the filling is placed on top of the pastry but left open.", "Pie __knowledge__ A \"top-crust\" pie has the filling in the bottom of the dish and is covered with a pastry or other covering before baking.", "Pie __knowledge__ A \"two-crust\" pie has the filling completely enclosed in the pastry shell.", "Pie __knowledge__ Shortcrust pastry is a typical kind of pastry used for pie crusts, but many things can be used, including baking powder biscuits, mashed potatoes, and crumbs.", "Pie __knowledge__ Pies can be a variety of sizes, ranging from bite-size to ones designed for multiple servings.", "Pie __knowledge__ The need for nutritious, easy-to-store, easy-to-carry, and long-lasting foods on long journeys, in particular at sea, was initially solved by taking live food along with a butcher or cook.", "Pie __knowledge__ However, this took up additional space on what were either horse-powered treks or small ships, reducing the time of travel before additional food was required.", "Pie __knowledge__ This resulted in early armies adopting the style of hunter-foraging.", "Devil's food cake __knowledge__ Devil's food cake is a moist, airy, rich chocolate layer cake.", "Devil's food cake __knowledge__ It is considered a counterpart to the white or yellow angel food cake.", "Devil's food cake __knowledge__ Because of differing recipes and changing ingredient availability over the course of the 20th century, it is difficult to precisely qualify what distinguishes devil's food from the more standard chocolate cake, though it traditionally has more chocolate than a regular chocolate cake, making it darker.", "Devil's food cake __knowledge__ The cake is usually paired with a rich chocolate frosting.", "Devil's food cake __knowledge__ Devil's food cake is commonly a dense, rich chocolate cake, quite different from other chocolate cakes such as the German chocolate cake.", "Wedding cake __knowledge__ A wedding cake is the traditional cake served at wedding receptions following dinner.", "Wedding cake __knowledge__ In some parts of England, the wedding cake is served at a wedding breakfast; the 'wedding breakfast' does not mean the meal will be held in the morning, but at a time following the ceremony on the same day.", "Wedding cake __knowledge__ In modern Western culture, the cake is usually on display and served to guests at the reception.", "Wedding cake __knowledge__ Traditionally, wedding cakes were made to bring good luck to all guests and the couple.", "Wedding cake __knowledge__ Modernly however, they are more of a centerpiece to the wedding and are not always even served to the guests.", "Wedding cake __knowledge__ Some cakes are built with only a single edible tier for the bride and groom to share, but this is rare since the cost difference between fake and real tiers is minimal.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Stavanger __knowledge__ Stavanger () is a city and municipality in Norway.", "Stavanger __knowledge__ It is the third largest city and metropolitan area in Norway (through conurbation with neighbouring Sandnes) and the administrative centre of Rogaland county.", "Stavanger __knowledge__ The municipality is the fourth most populous in Norway.", "Stavanger __knowledge__ Located on the Stavanger Peninsula in Southwest Norway, Stavanger counts its official founding year as 1125, the year the Stavanger Cathedral was completed.", "Stavanger __knowledge__ Stavangers core is to a large degree 18th- and 19th-century wooden houses that are protected and considered part of the city's cultural heritage.", "Stavanger __knowledge__ This has caused the town centre and inner city to retain a small-town character with an unusually high ratio of detached houses, and has contributed significantly to spreading the city's population growth to outlying parts of Greater Stavanger.", "Rotary vacuum-drum filter __knowledge__ Rotary vacuum filter drum consists of a drum rotating in a tub of liquid to be filtered.", "Rotary vacuum-drum filter __knowledge__ The technique is well suited to slurries, and liquids with a high solid content, which could clog other forms of filter.", "Rotary vacuum-drum filter __knowledge__ The drum is pre-coated with a filter aid, typically of diatomaceous earth (DE) or Perlite.", "Rotary vacuum-drum filter __knowledge__ After pre-coat has been applied, the liquid to be filtered is sent to the tub below the drum.", "Rotary vacuum-drum filter __knowledge__ The drum rotates through the liquid and the vacuum sucks liquid and solids onto the drum pre-coat surface, the liquid portion is \"sucked\" by the vacuum through the filter media to the internal portion of the drum, and the filtrate pumped away.", "Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats __knowledge__ Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats are produced in different variations around the world, with several countries claiming to have invented it or hailing it as their \"national confection\".", "Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats __knowledge__ Originally the treat was made using cream (hence the Danish name \"flødeboller\" (cream buns)), but the filling was later made from egg whites to help industrialize production and improve shelf life.", "Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats __knowledge__ Many languages used to call these treats by phrases or compounds using a counterpart to negro (e.g.", "Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats __knowledge__ \"negro's kiss\", \"negro bun\"); most but not all of these are increasingly being avoided, especially in formal writing, in favour of replacements such as \"choco-kiss\".", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Chocolate is a typically sweet, usually brown food preparation of \"Theobroma cacao\" seeds, roasted and ground.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ It is made in the form of a liquid, paste, or in a block, or used as a flavoring ingredient in other foods.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Cacao has been cultivated by many cultures for at least three millennia in Mesoamerica.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The earliest evidence of use traces to the Olmecs (Mexico), with evidence of chocolate beverages dating back to 1900 BCE.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ In fact, the majority of Mesoamerican people made chocolate beverages, including the Maya and Aztecs, who made it into a beverage known as \"xocolātl\" , a Nahuatl word meaning \"bitter water\".", "Arrow's impossibility theorem __knowledge__ In social choice theory, Arrow's impossibility theorem, the general possibility theorem or Arrow's paradox is an impossibility theorem stating that when voters have three or more distinct alternatives (options), no ranked voting electoral system can convert the ranked preferences of individuals into a community-wide (complete and transitive) ranking while also meeting a specified set of criteria: \"unrestricted domain\", \"non-dictatorship\", \"Pareto efficiency\" and \"independence of irrelevant alternatives\".", "Arrow's impossibility theorem __knowledge__ The theorem is often cited in discussions of voting theory as it is further interpreted by the Gibbard–Satterthwaite theorem.", "Simmons–Su protocols __knowledge__ The Simmons–Su protocols are several protocols for envy-free division.", "Simmons–Su protocols __knowledge__ They are based on Sperner's lemma.", "Simmons–Su protocols __knowledge__ The merits of these protocols is that they put few restrictions on the preferences of the partners, and ask the partners only simple queries such as \"which piece do you prefer?\".", "Simmons–Su protocols __knowledge__ Protocols were developed for solving several related problems: In the envy-free cake-cutting problem, a \"cake\" (a heterogeneous divisible resource) has to be divided among \"n\" partners with different preferences over parts of the cake.", "Simmons–Su protocols __knowledge__ The cake has to be divided to \"n\" pieces such that: (a) each partner receives a single connected piece, and (b) each partner believes that his piece is (weakly) better than all other pieces.", "Envy-free cake-cutting __knowledge__ An envy-free cake-cutting is a kind of fair cake-cutting.", "Envy-free cake-cutting __knowledge__ It is a division of a heterogeneous resource (\"cake\") that satisfies the envy-free criterion, namely, that every partner feels that their allocated share is at least as good as any other share, according to their own subjective valuation.", "Envy-free cake-cutting __knowledge__ When there are only 2 partners, the problem is easy and has been solved in Biblical times by the divide and choose protocol.", "Envy-free cake-cutting __knowledge__ When there are 3 or more partners, the problem becomes much more challenging.", "Envy-free cake-cutting __knowledge__ Two major variants of the problem have been studied: The modern research of the fair cake-cutting problem has started in the 1940s.", "Angel food cake __knowledge__ Angel food cake, or angel cake, is a type of sponge cake made with egg whites, flour, and sugar.", "Angel food cake __knowledge__ A whipping agent, such as cream of tartar is commonly added.", "Angel food cake __knowledge__ It differs from other cakes because it uses no butter.", "Angel food cake __knowledge__ Its structure comes from whipped egg whites known as a protein foam.", "Angel food cake __knowledge__ Angel food cake originated in the United States and first became popular in the late 19th century.", "Angel food cake __knowledge__ It gained its unique reputation along with its name due to its light and fluffy texture, said to resemble the \"food of the angels\".", "Angel food cake __knowledge__ Angel food cake requires egg whites whipped until they are stiff; cream of tartar is added to the mixture to stabilize the egg whites.", "Bologna __knowledge__ Bologna (; ; ; ) is the capital and largest city of the Emilia-Romagna Region in Northern Italy.", "Bologna __knowledge__ It is the seventh most populous city in Italy, at the heart of a metropolitan area of about one million people.", "Bologna __knowledge__ Of Etruscan origin, the city has been a major urban centre for centuries, first under the Romans (\"Bononia\"), then again in the Middle Ages, as a free municipality and signoria, when it was among the largest European cities by population.", "Bologna __knowledge__ Famous for its towers, churches and lengthy porticoes, Bologna has a well-preserved historical centre, thanks to a careful restoration and conservation policy which began at the end of the 1970s.", "Fair cake-cutting __knowledge__ Fair cake-cutting is a kind of fair division problem.", "Fair cake-cutting __knowledge__ The problem involves a \"heterogeneous\" resource, such as a cake with different toppings, that is assumed to be \"divisible\" – it is possible to cut arbitrarily small pieces of it without destroying their value.", "Fair cake-cutting __knowledge__ The resource has to be divided among several partners who have different preferences over different parts of the cake, i.e., some people prefer the chocolate toppings, some prefer the cherries, some just want as large a piece as possible.", "Fair cake-cutting __knowledge__ The division should be subjectively fair, in that each person should receive a piece that he or she believes to be a fair share." ] ]

[ 1, 11, 9, 11, 42 ]

[ "a pie is always baked", "some pie have crust on top", "low temperature, but the time can be reduce", "i prefer cake", "really i love brown chocolate" ]

[ "Pie", "Pie", "Pie", "Pie", "Pie" ]

[ "Alcoholism\nI personally have a drink every so often, but I make sure not to let it get out of hand because I've what alcoholism can do to a person.", "So can the alcohol itself cause any physical or mental issues that are unique to purely alcoholism compared to, say, addiction to heroin or other drugs?", "I figured, since the liver is what breaks the alcohol down, correct?", "That's interesting that it can manifest in different ways. What does this manifestation depend on, if you know?", "I know a little bit about fatty liver because my brother had it, but not due to alcohol. How else can alcohol impact a person?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Alcoholism, also known as alcohol use disorder (AUD), is a broad term for any drinking of alcohol that results in mental or physical health problems.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ The disorder was previously divided into two types: alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ In a medical context, alcoholism is said to exist when two or more of the following conditions is present: a person drinks large amounts over a long time period, has difficulty cutting down, acquiring and drinking alcohol takes up a great deal of time, alcohol is strongly desired, usage results in not fulfilling responsibilities, usage results in social problems, usage results in health problems, usage results in risky situations, withdrawal occurs when stopping, and alcohol tolerance has occurred with use.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Risky situations include drinking and driving or having unsafe sex, among other things.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Alcohol use can affect all parts of the body, but it particularly affects the brain, heart, liver, pancreas, and immune system.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ This can result in mental illness, Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome, an irregular heartbeat, cirrhosis of the liver, and an increase in the risk of cancer, among other diseases.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Drinking during pregnancy can cause damage to the baby resulting in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "List of Person of Interest characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters in the American science fiction crime drama television series \"Person of Interest\".", "List of Person of Interest characters __knowledge__ John Reese (played by Jim Caviezel) is the name adopted by the former Special Forces soldier and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) officer who serves as Finch's armed enforcer used to stop future crimes.", "List of Person of Interest characters __knowledge__ Presumed dead following a failed CIA operation in China, Reese's real name is unknown.", "List of Person of Interest characters __knowledge__ He was nicknamed \"The Man in the Suit\" by law enforcement, who know him only in terms of the description given by witnesses.", "List of Person of Interest characters __knowledge__ Harold Finch (played by Michael Emerson) is a reclusive billionaire software engineer who built a machine that predicts future crimes and outputs either the victim's or perpetrator's Social Security number.", "List of Ben 10 villains __knowledge__ Below is a list of all the villains who appear in the \"Ben 10\" universe ranging from \"Ben 10\", \"\", \"\", \"\", and \"Ben 10 (Reboot)\".", "List of Ben 10 villains __knowledge__ Each of the villains has been sorted into the TV series that he or she debuted in.", "List of Ben 10 villains __knowledge__ Voiced by: Vilgax is a warlord who is Ben's first and most recurring nemesis through the series.", "List of Ben 10 villains __knowledge__ Being of the Chimera Sui Generis (named after the mythological Chimera) race, who are able to turn into giant squid-like creatures when exposed to water, Vilgax was exiled from his home world for being ruthless, cruel, and power hungry.", "List of Ben 10 villains __knowledge__ Soon after, Vilgax meets Maltruant as depicted in the Omniverse series finale which had him indirectly learn of the Omnitrix's existence when attacked by George Washington and a mysterious figure later revealed to be Ben.", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of character summaries from the FX Networks television series, \"The Shield\".", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ Captain Monica Rawling is a fictional character from the FX television show \"The Shield\", played by Glenn Close, who received an Emmy nomination as Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series for her performance.", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ Monica Rawling succeeded David Aceveda as Captain of the Farmington precinct.", "List of The Shield characters __knowledge__ A morally strong woman, she tried to redeem Vic Mackey and Ronnie Gardocki by involving them in a controversial asset forfeiture program designed to clean up Farmington, by destroying the neighborhood drug trade.", "Alcohol abuse __knowledge__ Alcohol abuse is a previous psychiatric diagnosis in which there is recurring harmful use of alcohol despite its negative consequences.", "Alcohol abuse __knowledge__ In 2013 it was reclassified as alcohol use disorder (alcoholism) along with alcohol dependence.", "Alcohol abuse __knowledge__ There are two types of alcohol abuse, those who have anti-social and pleasure-seeking tendencies, and those who are anxiety-ridden people who are able to go without drinking for long periods of time but are unable to control themselves once they start.", "Alcohol abuse __knowledge__ Binge drinking is another form of alcohol abuse.", "Alcohol abuse __knowledge__ According to surveys, the heaviest drinkers are the United Kingdom's adolescents." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Alcoholism, also known as alcohol use disorder (AUD), is a broad term for any drinking of alcohol that results in mental or physical health problems.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ The disorder was previously divided into two types: alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ In a medical context, alcoholism is said to exist when two or more of the following conditions is present: a person drinks large amounts over a long time period, has difficulty cutting down, acquiring and drinking alcohol takes up a great deal of time, alcohol is strongly desired, usage results in not fulfilling responsibilities, usage results in social problems, usage results in health problems, usage results in risky situations, withdrawal occurs when stopping, and alcohol tolerance has occurred with use.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Risky situations include drinking and driving or having unsafe sex, among other things.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Alcohol use can affect all parts of the body, but it particularly affects the brain, heart, liver, pancreas, and immune system.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ This can result in mental illness, Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome, an irregular heartbeat, cirrhosis of the liver, and an increase in the risk of cancer, among other diseases.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Drinking during pregnancy can cause damage to the baby resulting in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.", "Addiction __knowledge__ Addiction is a brain disorder characterized by compulsive engagement in rewarding stimuli despite adverse consequences.", "Addiction __knowledge__ Despite the involvement of a number of psychosocial factors, a biological process – one which is induced by repeated exposure to an addictive stimulus – is the core pathology that drives the development and maintenance of an addiction.", "Addiction __knowledge__ The two properties that characterize all addictive stimuli are that they are reinforcing (i.e., they increase the likelihood that a person will seek repeated exposure to them) and intrinsically rewarding (i.e., they are perceived as being inherently positive, desirable, and pleasurable).", "Arguments for and against drug prohibition __knowledge__ Arguments about the prohibition of drugs, and over drug policy reform, are subjects of considerable controversy.", "Arguments for and against drug prohibition __knowledge__ The following is a presentation of major drug policy arguments, including those for drug law enforcement on one side of the debate, and arguments for drug law reform on the other.", "Arguments for and against drug prohibition __knowledge__ Arguments for and against drug prohibition discuss which system is more effective to protects human rights, prevent drug abuse and violence, and which system is more ethical.", "Arguments for and against drug prohibition __knowledge__ Supporters of prohibition claim that drug laws have a successful track record suppressing illicit drug use since they were introduced 100 years ago.", "Long-term effects of alcohol consumption __knowledge__ The long-term effects of alcohol (also known formally as ethanol) consumption range from cardioprotective health benefits for low to moderate alcohol consumption in industrialized societies with higher rates of cardiovascular disease to severe detrimental effects in cases of chronic alcohol abuse.", "Long-term effects of alcohol consumption __knowledge__ Health effects associated with alcohol intake in large amounts include an increased risk of alcoholism, malnutrition, chronic pancreatitis, alcoholic liver disease and cancer.", "Long-term effects of alcohol consumption __knowledge__ In addition, damage to the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system can occur from chronic alcohol abuse.", "Long-term effects of alcohol consumption __knowledge__ The long-term use of alcohol is capable of damaging nearly every organ and system in the body.", "Substance abuse __knowledge__ Substance abuse, also known as drug abuse, is a patterned use of a drug in which the user consumes the substance in amounts or with methods which are harmful to themselves or others, and is a form of substance-related disorder.", "Substance abuse __knowledge__ Widely differing definitions of drug abuse are used in public health, medical and criminal justice contexts.", "Substance abuse __knowledge__ In some cases criminal or anti-social behavior occurs when the person is under the influence of a drug, and long term personality changes in individuals may occur as well.", "Substance abuse __knowledge__ In addition to possible physical, social, and psychological harm, use of some drugs may also lead to criminal penalties, although these vary widely depending on the local jurisdiction.", "Heroin __knowledge__ Heroin, also known as diamorphine among other names, is an opioid most commonly used as a recreational drug for its euphoric effects.", "Heroin __knowledge__ Medically it is used in several countries to relieve pain or in opioid replacement therapy.", "Heroin __knowledge__ Heroin is typically injected, usually into a vein; however, it can also be smoked, snorted or inhaled.", "Heroin __knowledge__ Onset of effects is usually rapid and lasts for a few hours.", "Heroin __knowledge__ Common side effects include respiratory depression (decreased breathing), dry mouth, euphoria, and addiction.", "Heroin __knowledge__ Other side effects can include abscesses, infected heart valves, blood borne infections, constipation, and pneumonia.", "Downtown Eastside __knowledge__ The Downtown Eastside (DTES) is a neighbourhood in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.", "Downtown Eastside __knowledge__ The area, one of the city's oldest, is notorious for its levels of drug use, poverty, mental illness, sex work, homelessness, and crime.", "Downtown Eastside __knowledge__ It is also known for its strong community resilience and history of social activism.", "Downtown Eastside __knowledge__ Around the beginning of the 20th century, the DTES was the political, cultural, and retail centre of the city.", "Downtown Eastside __knowledge__ Over several decades, the city centre gradually shifted westwards and the DTES became a poor, although relatively stable, neighbourhood.", "Downtown Eastside __knowledge__ In the 1980s, the area began a rapid decline due to several factors including an influx of hard drugs, the de-institutionalization of mentally ill individuals, policies that pushed prostitution and drug-related activity out of nearby areas, and the cessation of federal funding for social housing.", "Effects of global warming on human health __knowledge__ The effects of global warming include its gayon human health.", "Effects of global warming on human health __knowledge__ The observed and projected increased frequency and severity of climate related impacts will further exacerbate the effects on human health.", "Effects of global warming on human health __knowledge__ This article describes some of those effects on individuals and populations.", "Effects of global warming on human health __knowledge__ A good example of the impact of global warming on health can be seen in the disease Erythromelalgia.", "Effects of global warming on human health __knowledge__ This is a vascular disease that is commonly triggered by the involvement of change in temperature, which leads to syndromes including (first and second degree) burning pain, increased temperature, erythema and swelling, of mainly the hands and feet that are affected.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Well-being is a much-studied topic in psychology, especially positive psychology.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Related concepts are eudaimonia, happiness, flourishing, quality of life, contentment, and meaningful life.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Central theories are Diener's tripartite model of subjective well-being, Ryff's Six-factor Model of Psychological Well-being, Corey Keyes' work on flourishing, and Seligmann's contributions to positive psychology and his theories on \"authentic happiness\" and P.E.R.M.A.", "Well-being contributing factors __knowledge__ Positive psychology is concerned with eudaimonia, \"the good life\" or flourishing, living according to what holds the greatest value in life – the factors that contribute the most to a well-lived and fulfilling life.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ A mental disorder, also called a mental illness or psychiatric disorder, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Such features may be persistent, relapsing and remitting, or occur as a single episode.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Many disorders have been described, with signs and symptoms that vary widely between specific disorders.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Such disorders may be diagnosed by a mental health professional.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ The causes of mental disorders are often unclear.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Theories may incorporate findings from a range of fields.", "Mental disorder __knowledge__ Mental disorders are usually defined by a combination of how a person behaves, feels, perceives, or thinks.", "World Happiness Report __knowledge__ The World Happiness Report is a measure of happiness published by the United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network.", "World Happiness Report __knowledge__ The World Happiness Report is edited by John F. Helliwell, Richard Layard and Jeffrey Sachs.", "World Happiness Report __knowledge__ The 2017 edition added three associate editors; Jan-Emmanuel De Neve, Haifang Huang, and Shun Wang.", "World Happiness Report __knowledge__ Authors of chapters include Richard Easterlin, Edward F. Diener, Martine Durand, Nicole Fortin, Jon Hall, Valerie Møller, and many others.", "World Happiness Report __knowledge__ In July 2011, the UN General Assembly resolution 65/309 \"Happiness: Towards a Holistic Definition of Developmen\"t inviting member countries to measure the happiness of their people and to use the data to help guide public policy.", "Causes of mental disorders __knowledge__ As defined by experts with a biomedical background, a mental disorder is \"a clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome or psychological pattern that occurs in an individual and that is associated with present disability or with a significantly increased risk of suffering, death, pain, disability, or an important loss of freedom.\"", "Causes of mental disorders __knowledge__ The causes of mental disorders are generally complex and vary depending on the particular disorder and the individual.", "Causes of mental disorders __knowledge__ Although the causes of most mental disorders are unknown, it has been found that different biological, psychological, and environmental factors can all contribute to the development or progression of mental disorders.", "Forgiveness __knowledge__ Forgiveness is the intentional and voluntary process by which a victim undergoes a change in feelings and attitude regarding an offense, lets go of negative emotions such as vengefulness, with an increased ability to wish the offender well.", "Forgiveness __knowledge__ Forgiveness is different from condoning (failing to see the action as wrong and in need of forgiveness), excusing (not holding the offender as responsible for the action), forgetting (removing awareness of the offense from consciousness), pardoning (granted for an acknowledged offense by a representative of society, such as a judge), and reconciliation (restoration of a relationship)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Alcoholism, also known as alcohol use disorder (AUD), is a broad term for any drinking of alcohol that results in mental or physical health problems.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ The disorder was previously divided into two types: alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ In a medical context, alcoholism is said to exist when two or more of the following conditions is present: a person drinks large amounts over a long time period, has difficulty cutting down, acquiring and drinking alcohol takes up a great deal of time, alcohol is strongly desired, usage results in not fulfilling responsibilities, usage results in social problems, usage results in health problems, usage results in risky situations, withdrawal occurs when stopping, and alcohol tolerance has occurred with use.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Risky situations include drinking and driving or having unsafe sex, among other things.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Alcohol use can affect all parts of the body, but it particularly affects the brain, heart, liver, pancreas, and immune system.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ This can result in mental illness, Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome, an irregular heartbeat, cirrhosis of the liver, and an increase in the risk of cancer, among other diseases.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Drinking during pregnancy can cause damage to the baby resulting in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.", "Long-term effects of alcohol consumption __knowledge__ The long-term effects of alcohol (also known formally as ethanol) consumption range from cardioprotective health benefits for low to moderate alcohol consumption in industrialized societies with higher rates of cardiovascular disease to severe detrimental effects in cases of chronic alcohol abuse.", "Long-term effects of alcohol consumption __knowledge__ Health effects associated with alcohol intake in large amounts include an increased risk of alcoholism, malnutrition, chronic pancreatitis, alcoholic liver disease and cancer.", "Long-term effects of alcohol consumption __knowledge__ In addition, damage to the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system can occur from chronic alcohol abuse.", "Long-term effects of alcohol consumption __knowledge__ The long-term use of alcohol is capable of damaging nearly every organ and system in the body.", "Alcohol and cancer __knowledge__ Alcoholic beverages are classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a Group 1 carcinogen (carcinogenic to humans).", "Alcohol and cancer __knowledge__ IARC classifies alcoholic beverage consumption as a cause of female breast, colorectum, larynx, liver, esophagus, oral cavity, and pharynx cancers; and as a probable cause of pancreatic cancer.", "Alcohol and cancer __knowledge__ 3.6% of all cancer cases and 3.5% of cancer deaths worldwide are attributable to consumption of alcohol (also known formally as ethanol).", "Alcohol and cancer __knowledge__ Australia: A 2009 study found that 2,100 Australians die from alcohol-related cancer each year.", "Alcohol and cancer __knowledge__ Europe: A 2011 study found that one in 10 of all cancers in men and one in 33 in women were caused by past or current alcohol intake.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver tissue.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ Some people have no symptoms whereas others develop yellow discoloration of the skin and whites of the eyes, poor appetite, vomiting, tiredness, abdominal pain, or diarrhea.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ Hepatitis may be temporary (acute) or long term (chronic) depending on whether it lasts for less than or more than six months.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ Acute hepatitis can sometimes resolve on its own, progress to chronic hepatitis, or rarely result in acute liver failure.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ Over time the chronic form may progress to scarring of the liver, liver failure, or liver cancer.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ The most common cause worldwide is viruses.", "Liver __knowledge__ The liver, an organ only found in vertebrates, detoxifies various metabolites, synthesizes proteins, and produces biochemicals necessary for digestion.", "Liver __knowledge__ In humans, it is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, below the diaphragm.", "Liver __knowledge__ Its other roles in metabolism include the regulation of glycogen storage, decomposition of red blood cells and the production of hormones.", "Liver __knowledge__ The liver is an accessory digestive gland that produces bile, an alkaline compound which helps the breakdown of fat.", "Liver __knowledge__ Bile aids in digestion via the emulsification of lipids.", "Liver __knowledge__ The gallbladder, a small pouch that sits just under the liver, stores bile produced by the liver.", "Alcoholic liver disease __knowledge__ Alcoholic liver disease is a term that encompasses the liver manifestations of alcohol overconsumption, including fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and chronic hepatitis with liver fibrosis or cirrhosis.", "Alcoholic liver disease __knowledge__ It is the major cause of liver disease in Western countries.", "Alcoholic liver disease __knowledge__ Although steatosis (fatty liver) will develop in any individual who consumes a large quantity of alcoholic beverages over a long period of time, this process is transient and reversible.", "Alcoholic liver disease __knowledge__ Of all chronic heavy drinkers, only 15–20% develop hepatitis or cirrhosis, which can occur concomitantly or in succession.", "Alcoholic liver disease __knowledge__ The mechanism behind this is not completely understood.", "Alcohol (drug) __knowledge__ Alcohol, also known by its chemical name ethanol, is a psychoactive substance or drug which is present as the active ingredient in alcoholic beverages such as beer, wine, and distilled spirits (hard liquor).", "Alcohol (drug) __knowledge__ It is one of the oldest and most common recreational substances, causing the characteristic effects of alcohol intoxication or \"drunkenness\".", "Alcohol (drug) __knowledge__ Among other effects, alcohol produces mood lift and euphoria, decreased anxiety, increased sociability, sedation, impairment of cognitive, memory, motor, and sensory function, and generalized depression of central nervous system function.", "Alcohol (drug) __knowledge__ Ethanol is a type of chemical compound known as an alcohol, and is the only type of alcohol that is found in alcoholic beverages or is commonly used for recreational purposes; other alcohols such as methanol and isopropyl alcohol are toxic.", "Liver transplantation __knowledge__ Liver transplantation or hepatic transplantation is the replacement of a diseased liver with the healthy liver from another person (allograft).", "Liver transplantation __knowledge__ Liver transplantation is a treatment option for end-stage liver disease and acute liver failure, although availability of donor organs is a major limitation.", "Liver transplantation __knowledge__ The most common technique is orthotopic transplantation, in which the native liver is removed and replaced by the donor organ in the same anatomic position as the original liver.", "Liver transplantation __knowledge__ The surgical procedure is complex, requiring careful harvest of the donor organ and meticulous implantation into the recipient.", "Organ transplantation __knowledge__ Organ transplantation is a medical procedure in which an organ is removed from one body and placed in the body of a recipient, to replace a damaged or missing organ.", "Organ transplantation __knowledge__ The donor and recipient may be at the same location, or organs may be transported from a donor site to another location.", "Organ transplantation __knowledge__ Organs and/or tissues that are transplanted within the same person's body are called autografts.", "Organ transplantation __knowledge__ Transplants that are recently performed between two subjects of the same species are called allografts.", "Organ transplantation __knowledge__ Allografts can either be from a living or cadaveric source.", "Organ transplantation __knowledge__ Organs that have been successfully transplanted include the heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, pancreas, intestine, and thymus.", "Organ donation __knowledge__ Organ donation is when a person allows an organ of theirs to be removed, legally, either by consent while the donor is alive or after death with the assent of the next of kin.", "Organ donation __knowledge__ Donation may be for research, or, more commonly healthy transplantable organs and tissues may be donated to be transplanted into another person.", "Organ donation __knowledge__ Common transplantations include: kidneys, heart, liver, pancreas, intestines, lungs, bones, bone marrow, skin, and corneas.", "Organ donation __knowledge__ Some organs and tissues can be donated by living donors, such as a kidney or part of the liver, part of the pancreas, part of the lungs or part of the intestines, but most donations occur after the donor has died.", "Offal __knowledge__ Offal , also called variety meats, pluck or organ meats, refers to the internal organs and entrails of a butchered animal.", "Offal __knowledge__ The word does not refer to a particular list of edible organs, which varies by culture and region, but includes most internal organs excluding muscle and bone.", "Offal __knowledge__ As an English mass noun, the term \"offal\" has no plural form.", "Offal __knowledge__ Some cultures strongly consider offal as food to be taboo, while others use it as everyday food, or in delicacies.", "Offal __knowledge__ Certain offal dishes—including \"foie gras\", \"pâté\" and sweetbread—are considered gourmet food in international cuisine.", "Offal __knowledge__ Others remain part of traditional regional cuisine and may be consumed especially in connection with holidays.", "Pancreatic cancer __knowledge__ Pancreatic cancer arises when cells in the pancreas, a glandular organ behind the stomach, begin to multiply out of control and form a mass.", "Pancreatic cancer __knowledge__ These cancerous cells have the ability to invade other parts of the body.", "Pancreatic cancer __knowledge__ There are a number of types of pancreatic cancer.", "Pancreatic cancer __knowledge__ The most common, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, accounts for about 85% of cases, and the term \"pancreatic cancer\" is sometimes used to refer only to that type.", "Pancreatic cancer __knowledge__ These adenocarcinomas start within the part of the pancreas which makes digestive enzymes.", "Pancreatic cancer __knowledge__ Several other types of cancer, which collectively represent the majority of the non-adenocarcinomas, can also arise from these cells." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Alcoholism, also known as alcohol use disorder (AUD), is a broad term for any drinking of alcohol that results in mental or physical health problems.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ The disorder was previously divided into two types: alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ In a medical context, alcoholism is said to exist when two or more of the following conditions is present: a person drinks large amounts over a long time period, has difficulty cutting down, acquiring and drinking alcohol takes up a great deal of time, alcohol is strongly desired, usage results in not fulfilling responsibilities, usage results in social problems, usage results in health problems, usage results in risky situations, withdrawal occurs when stopping, and alcohol tolerance has occurred with use.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Risky situations include drinking and driving or having unsafe sex, among other things.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Alcohol use can affect all parts of the body, but it particularly affects the brain, heart, liver, pancreas, and immune system.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ This can result in mental illness, Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome, an irregular heartbeat, cirrhosis of the liver, and an increase in the risk of cancer, among other diseases.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Drinking during pregnancy can cause damage to the baby resulting in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.", "American anthropology __knowledge__ American anthropology has culture as its central and unifying concept.", "American anthropology __knowledge__ This most commonly refers to the universal human capacity to classify and encode human experiences symbolically, and to communicate symbolically encoded experiences socially.", "American anthropology __knowledge__ American anthropology is organized into four fields, each of which plays an important role in research on culture: Research in these fields has influenced anthropologists working in other countries to different degrees.", "American anthropology __knowledge__ Discussion concerning culture among biological anthropologists centers around two debates.", "American anthropology __knowledge__ First, is culture uniquely human or shared by other species (most notably, other primates)?", "Manifest destiny __knowledge__ In the 19th century, manifest destiny was a widely held belief in the United States that its settlers were destined to expand across North America.", "Manifest destiny __knowledge__ There are three basic themes to manifest destiny: Historian Frederick Merk says this concept was born out of \"a sense of mission to redeem the Old World by high example ... generated by the potentialities of a new earth for building a new heaven\".", "Manifest destiny __knowledge__ Historians have emphasized that \"manifest destiny\" was a contested concept—\"pre-civil war\" Democrats endorsed the idea but many prominent Americans (such as Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, and most Whigs) rejected it.", "Value-form __knowledge__ The value-form or form of value () is a concept in Karl Marx's critique of political economy, Marxism and post-Marxism.", "Value-form __knowledge__ It refers to the \"social form\" of a commodity (any product traded in markets) as a symbol of value, which contrasts with its physical features, as a product which can satisfy some human need.", "Value-form __knowledge__ The physical appearance of a commodity is directly observable, but the meaning of its social form is not.", "Value-form __knowledge__ Narrating the paradoxical oddities and metaphysical niceties of ordinary things when they become instruments of trade, Marx seeks to provide a brief morphology of the category of economic value as such - what its substance really is, the forms which this substance takes, and how its magnitude is determined or expressed.", "Bahá'í/Bábí split __knowledge__ The Bahá'í/Bábí split occurred when most Bábís accepted Bahá'u'lláh as the messiah of the Báb's writings, leading them to become Bahá'ís, and leaving a remnant of Bábís who became known as Azalis.", "Bahá'í/Bábí split __knowledge__ The split occurred after Bahá'í founder Bahá'u'lláh made his claims to be the messiah public in 1866, leading to expressions of support from the majority of the Bábí community, and opposition from Subh-i-Azal, who became the leader of the remaining group.", "Bahá'í/Bábí split __knowledge__ Siyyid `Alí-Muhammad was a merchant from Shiraz, Persia, who at the age of 25, claimed to be a new and independent Manifestation of God, and the promised Qá'im, or Mihdí of Islam.", "Philosophy of mind __knowledge__ Philosophy of mind is a branch of philosophy that studies the nature of the mind.", "Philosophy of mind __knowledge__ The mind–body problem is a paradigm issue in philosophy of mind, although other issues are addressed, such as the hard problem of consciousness, and the nature of particular mental states.", "Philosophy of mind __knowledge__ Aspects of the mind that are studied include mental events, mental functions, mental properties, consciousness, the ontology of the mind, the nature of thought, and the relationship of the mind to the body.", "Philosophy of mind __knowledge__ Dualism and monism are the two central schools of thought on the mind–body problem, although nuanced views have arisen that do not fit one or the other category neatly.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ Social inhibition is a conscious or subconscious avoidance of a situation or social interaction.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ With a high level of social inhibition, situations are avoided because of the possibility of others disapproving of their feelings or expressions.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ Social inhibition is related to behavior, appearance, social interactions, or a subject matter for discussion.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ Related processes that deal with social inhibition are social evaluation concerns, anxiety in social interaction, social avoidance, and withdrawal.", "Social inhibition __knowledge__ Also related are components such as cognitive brain patterns, anxious apprehension during social interactions, and internalizing problems.", "Discworld gods __knowledge__ The Discworld gods are the fictional deities from Terry Pratchett's \"Discworld\" series of fantasy novels.", "Discworld gods __knowledge__ The Discworld, being a flat disc supported on the backs of four elephants on top of a giant flying turtle, exists in a region of the universe where reality is somewhat less consistent than it appears in our own, more mundane corner of existence.", "Discworld gods __knowledge__ Because reality on the Disc is so fragile and malleable, belief has a tendency to take on a life of its own, and gods are far more obvious to the people of the Disc than they appear to us.", "Discworld gods __knowledge__ Gods are everywhere on the Discworld, a crucial element of the world's peculiar ecology that gives power to belief and demands resolution to any and all narratives.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver tissue.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ Some people have no symptoms whereas others develop yellow discoloration of the skin and whites of the eyes, poor appetite, vomiting, tiredness, abdominal pain, or diarrhea.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ Hepatitis may be temporary (acute) or long term (chronic) depending on whether it lasts for less than or more than six months.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ Acute hepatitis can sometimes resolve on its own, progress to chronic hepatitis, or rarely result in acute liver failure.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ Over time the chronic form may progress to scarring of the liver, liver failure, or liver cancer.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ The most common cause worldwide is viruses.", "Alcoholic liver disease __knowledge__ Alcoholic liver disease is a term that encompasses the liver manifestations of alcohol overconsumption, including fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and chronic hepatitis with liver fibrosis or cirrhosis.", "Alcoholic liver disease __knowledge__ It is the major cause of liver disease in Western countries.", "Alcoholic liver disease __knowledge__ Although steatosis (fatty liver) will develop in any individual who consumes a large quantity of alcoholic beverages over a long period of time, this process is transient and reversible.", "Alcoholic liver disease __knowledge__ Of all chronic heavy drinkers, only 15–20% develop hepatitis or cirrhosis, which can occur concomitantly or in succession.", "Alcoholic liver disease __knowledge__ The mechanism behind this is not completely understood.", "Cirrhosis __knowledge__ Cirrhosis is a condition in which the liver does not function properly due to long-term damage.", "Cirrhosis __knowledge__ This damage is characterized by the replacement of normal liver tissue by scar tissue.", "Cirrhosis __knowledge__ Typically, the disease develops slowly over months or years.", "Cirrhosis __knowledge__ Early on, there are often no symptoms.", "Cirrhosis __knowledge__ As the disease worsens, a person may become tired, weak, itchy, have swelling in the lower legs, develop yellow skin, bruise easily, have fluid build up in the abdomen, or develop spider-like blood vessels on the skin.", "Cirrhosis __knowledge__ The fluid build-up in the abdomen may become spontaneously infected.", "Cirrhosis __knowledge__ Other complications include hepatic encephalopathy, bleeding from dilated veins in the esophagus or dilated stomach veins, and liver cancer.", "Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease __knowledge__ Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the types of fatty liver which occurs when fat is deposited (steatosis) in the liver due to causes other than excessive alcohol use.", "Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease __knowledge__ Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the most extreme form of NAFLD.", "Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease __knowledge__ NAFLD is the most common liver disorder in developed countries.", "Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease __knowledge__ NAFLD is related to insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome and may respond to treatments originally developed for other insulin-resistant states (e.g.", "Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease __knowledge__ diabetes mellitus type 2) such as weight loss, metformin, and thiazolidinediones.", "Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease __knowledge__ Up to 80% of obese people have the disease.", "Hepatocellular carcinoma __knowledge__ Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer in adults, and is the most common cause of death in people with cirrhosis.", "Hepatocellular carcinoma __knowledge__ It occurs in the setting of chronic liver inflammation, and is most closely linked to chronic viral hepatitis infection (hepatitis B or C) or exposure to toxins such as alcohol or aflatoxin.", "Hepatocellular carcinoma __knowledge__ Certain diseases, such as hemochromatosis and alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, markedly increase the risk of developing HCC.", "Hepatocellular carcinoma __knowledge__ Metabolic syndrome and NASH are also increasingly recognized as risk factors for HCC.", "Hepatocellular carcinoma __knowledge__ As with any cancer, the treatment and prognosis of HCC vary depending on the specifics of tumor histology, size, how far the cancer has spread, and overall health.", "Long-term effects of alcohol consumption __knowledge__ The long-term effects of alcohol (also known formally as ethanol) consumption range from cardioprotective health benefits for low to moderate alcohol consumption in industrialized societies with higher rates of cardiovascular disease to severe detrimental effects in cases of chronic alcohol abuse.", "Long-term effects of alcohol consumption __knowledge__ Health effects associated with alcohol intake in large amounts include an increased risk of alcoholism, malnutrition, chronic pancreatitis, alcoholic liver disease and cancer.", "Long-term effects of alcohol consumption __knowledge__ In addition, damage to the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system can occur from chronic alcohol abuse.", "Long-term effects of alcohol consumption __knowledge__ The long-term use of alcohol is capable of damaging nearly every organ and system in the body.", "Fatty liver __knowledge__ Fatty liver is a reversible condition wherein large vacuoles of triglyceride fat accumulate in liver cells via the process of steatosis (i.e., abnormal retention of lipids within a cell).", "Fatty liver __knowledge__ Despite having multiple causes, fatty liver can be considered a single disease that occurs worldwide in those with excessive alcohol intake and the obese (with or without effects of insulin resistance).", "Fatty liver __knowledge__ The condition is also associated with other diseases that influence fat metabolism.", "Fatty liver __knowledge__ When this process of fat metabolism is disrupted, the fat can accumulate in the liver in excessive amounts, thus resulting in a fatty liver." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Alcoholism, also known as alcohol use disorder (AUD), is a broad term for any drinking of alcohol that results in mental or physical health problems.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ The disorder was previously divided into two types: alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ In a medical context, alcoholism is said to exist when two or more of the following conditions is present: a person drinks large amounts over a long time period, has difficulty cutting down, acquiring and drinking alcohol takes up a great deal of time, alcohol is strongly desired, usage results in not fulfilling responsibilities, usage results in social problems, usage results in health problems, usage results in risky situations, withdrawal occurs when stopping, and alcohol tolerance has occurred with use.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Risky situations include drinking and driving or having unsafe sex, among other things.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Alcohol use can affect all parts of the body, but it particularly affects the brain, heart, liver, pancreas, and immune system.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ This can result in mental illness, Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome, an irregular heartbeat, cirrhosis of the liver, and an increase in the risk of cancer, among other diseases.", "Alcoholism __knowledge__ Drinking during pregnancy can cause damage to the baby resulting in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.", "Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease __knowledge__ Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the types of fatty liver which occurs when fat is deposited (steatosis) in the liver due to causes other than excessive alcohol use.", "Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease __knowledge__ Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the most extreme form of NAFLD.", "Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease __knowledge__ NAFLD is the most common liver disorder in developed countries.", "Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease __knowledge__ NAFLD is related to insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome and may respond to treatments originally developed for other insulin-resistant states (e.g.", "Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease __knowledge__ diabetes mellitus type 2) such as weight loss, metformin, and thiazolidinediones.", "Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease __knowledge__ Up to 80% of obese people have the disease.", "Fatty liver __knowledge__ Fatty liver is a reversible condition wherein large vacuoles of triglyceride fat accumulate in liver cells via the process of steatosis (i.e., abnormal retention of lipids within a cell).", "Fatty liver __knowledge__ Despite having multiple causes, fatty liver can be considered a single disease that occurs worldwide in those with excessive alcohol intake and the obese (with or without effects of insulin resistance).", "Fatty liver __knowledge__ The condition is also associated with other diseases that influence fat metabolism.", "Fatty liver __knowledge__ When this process of fat metabolism is disrupted, the fat can accumulate in the liver in excessive amounts, thus resulting in a fatty liver.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver tissue.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ Some people have no symptoms whereas others develop yellow discoloration of the skin and whites of the eyes, poor appetite, vomiting, tiredness, abdominal pain, or diarrhea.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ Hepatitis may be temporary (acute) or long term (chronic) depending on whether it lasts for less than or more than six months.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ Acute hepatitis can sometimes resolve on its own, progress to chronic hepatitis, or rarely result in acute liver failure.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ Over time the chronic form may progress to scarring of the liver, liver failure, or liver cancer.", "Hepatitis __knowledge__ The most common cause worldwide is viruses.", "Alcoholic liver disease __knowledge__ Alcoholic liver disease is a term that encompasses the liver manifestations of alcohol overconsumption, including fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and chronic hepatitis with liver fibrosis or cirrhosis.", "Alcoholic liver disease __knowledge__ It is the major cause of liver disease in Western countries.", "Alcoholic liver disease __knowledge__ Although steatosis (fatty liver) will develop in any individual who consumes a large quantity of alcoholic beverages over a long period of time, this process is transient and reversible.", "Alcoholic liver disease __knowledge__ Of all chronic heavy drinkers, only 15–20% develop hepatitis or cirrhosis, which can occur concomitantly or in succession.", "Alcoholic liver disease __knowledge__ The mechanism behind this is not completely understood.", "Acute fatty liver of pregnancy __knowledge__ Acute fatty liver of pregnancy is a rare life-threatening complication of pregnancy that occurs in the third trimester or the immediate period after delivery.", "Acute fatty liver of pregnancy __knowledge__ It is thought to be caused by a disordered metabolism of fatty acids by mitochondria in the mother, caused by long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency.", "Acute fatty liver of pregnancy __knowledge__ The condition was previously thought to be universally fatal, but aggressive treatment by stabilizing the mother with intravenous fluids and blood products in anticipation of early delivery has improved prognosis.", "Acute fatty liver of pregnancy __knowledge__ Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (or hepatic lipidosis of pregnancy) usually manifests in the third trimester of pregnancy, but may occur any time in the second half of pregnancy, or in the puerperium, the period immediately after delivery.", "Long-term effects of alcohol consumption __knowledge__ The long-term effects of alcohol (also known formally as ethanol) consumption range from cardioprotective health benefits for low to moderate alcohol consumption in industrialized societies with higher rates of cardiovascular disease to severe detrimental effects in cases of chronic alcohol abuse.", "Long-term effects of alcohol consumption __knowledge__ Health effects associated with alcohol intake in large amounts include an increased risk of alcoholism, malnutrition, chronic pancreatitis, alcoholic liver disease and cancer.", "Long-term effects of alcohol consumption __knowledge__ In addition, damage to the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system can occur from chronic alcohol abuse.", "Long-term effects of alcohol consumption __knowledge__ The long-term use of alcohol is capable of damaging nearly every organ and system in the body.", "Cirrhosis __knowledge__ Cirrhosis is a condition in which the liver does not function properly due to long-term damage.", "Cirrhosis __knowledge__ This damage is characterized by the replacement of normal liver tissue by scar tissue.", "Cirrhosis __knowledge__ Typically, the disease develops slowly over months or years.", "Cirrhosis __knowledge__ Early on, there are often no symptoms.", "Cirrhosis __knowledge__ As the disease worsens, a person may become tired, weak, itchy, have swelling in the lower legs, develop yellow skin, bruise easily, have fluid build up in the abdomen, or develop spider-like blood vessels on the skin.", "Cirrhosis __knowledge__ The fluid build-up in the abdomen may become spontaneously infected.", "Cirrhosis __knowledge__ Other complications include hepatic encephalopathy, bleeding from dilated veins in the esophagus or dilated stomach veins, and liver cancer." ] ]

[ 1, 5, 29, 44, 6 ]

[ "That's a wise decision. Alcoholism is a term for drinking excessively and causes mental and physical health problems.", "Yes, alcohol particularly affects the brain, heart, liver, and pancreas. The first organ that is typically damaged is the liver.", "Correct. Alcohol liver disease is often due to overconsumption. This could manifest as fatty liver, hepatitis, fibrosis, or cirrhosis.", "Fatty liver is reversible if treated in time. The other conditions are more serious. It really depends on the health of the person drinking as to what conditions they get.", "Alcoholism can also lead to mental illness. Frequent overconsumption can cause brain damage." ]

[ "Alcoholism", "Alcoholism", "Alcoholism", "Alcoholism", "Alcoholism" ]

[ "Hindu", "Yes. They consider themselves Hindu and they are also Buddhist for religion.", "Yes, but essentially those who live in the Indian peninsult." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hindu __knowledge__ Hindu () refers to any person who regards themselves as culturally, ethnically, or religiously adhering to aspects of Hinduism.", "Hindu __knowledge__ It has historically been used as a geographical, cultural, and later religious identifier for people indigenous to South Asia.", "Hindu __knowledge__ The historical meaning of the term \"Hindu\" has evolved with time.", "Hindu __knowledge__ Starting with the Persian and Greek references to the land of the Indus in the 1st millennium BCE through the texts of the medieval era, the term Hindu implied a geographic, ethnic or cultural identifier for people living in the Indian subcontinent around or beyond the Sindhu (Indus) river.", "Hindu __knowledge__ By the 16th century, the term began to refer to residents of the subcontinent who were not Turkic or Muslims.", "Hindu __knowledge__ The historical development of Hindu self-identity within the local South Asian population, in a religious or cultural sense, is unclear.", "Hindu __knowledge__ Competing theories state that Hindu identity developed in the British colonial era, or that it developed post-8th century CE after the Islamic invasion and medieval Hindu-Muslim wars.", "Hindu __knowledge__ A sense of Hindu identity and the term \"Hindu\" appears in some texts dated between the 13th and 18th century in Sanskrit and regional languages.", "Hindu __knowledge__ The 14th- and 18th-century Indian poets such as Vidyapati, Kabir and Eknath used the phrase \"Hindu dharma\" (Hinduism) and contrasted it with \"Turaka dharma\" (Islam)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hindu __knowledge__ Hindu () refers to any person who regards themselves as culturally, ethnically, or religiously adhering to aspects of Hinduism.", "Hindu __knowledge__ It has historically been used as a geographical, cultural, and later religious identifier for people indigenous to South Asia.", "Hindu __knowledge__ The historical meaning of the term \"Hindu\" has evolved with time.", "Hindu __knowledge__ Starting with the Persian and Greek references to the land of the Indus in the 1st millennium BCE through the texts of the medieval era, the term Hindu implied a geographic, ethnic or cultural identifier for people living in the Indian subcontinent around or beyond the Sindhu (Indus) river.", "Hindu __knowledge__ By the 16th century, the term began to refer to residents of the subcontinent who were not Turkic or Muslims.", "Hindu __knowledge__ The historical development of Hindu self-identity within the local South Asian population, in a religious or cultural sense, is unclear.", "Hindu __knowledge__ Competing theories state that Hindu identity developed in the British colonial era, or that it developed post-8th century CE after the Islamic invasion and medieval Hindu-Muslim wars.", "Hindu __knowledge__ A sense of Hindu identity and the term \"Hindu\" appears in some texts dated between the 13th and 18th century in Sanskrit and regional languages.", "Hindu __knowledge__ The 14th- and 18th-century Indian poets such as Vidyapati, Kabir and Eknath used the phrase \"Hindu dharma\" (Hinduism) and contrasted it with \"Turaka dharma\" (Islam).", "History of Hinduism __knowledge__ History of Hinduism denotes a wide variety of related Hindu denominations native to the Indian Subcontinent, most of whom live in modern-day India, Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan.", "History of Hinduism __knowledge__ Adherents are also found in the Indonesian island of Bali.", "History of Hinduism __knowledge__ Its history overlaps or coincides with the development of Indian religions since Iron Age India.", "History of Hinduism __knowledge__ It has thus been called the \"oldest living religion\" in the world.", "History of Hinduism __knowledge__ Scholars regard Hinduism as a synthesis of various Indian cultures and traditions, with diverse roots and no single founder or source.", "History of Hinduism __knowledge__ The history of Hinduism is often divided into periods of development, with the first period being that of the historical Vedic religion dated from about 1900 BCE to 1400 BCE.", "Buddhist philosophy __knowledge__ Buddhist philosophy refers to the philosophical investigations and systems of inquiry that developed among various Buddhist schools in India following the death of the Buddha and later spread throughout Asia.", "Buddhist philosophy __knowledge__ Buddhism's main concern has always been freedom from dukkha (unease), and the path to that ultimate freedom consists in ethical action (karma), meditation and in direct insight (prajña) into the nature of \"things as they truly are\" (yathābhūtaṃ viditvā).", "Buddhist philosophy __knowledge__ Indian Buddhists sought this understanding not just from the revealed teachings of the Buddha, but through philosophical analysis and rational deliberation.", "Religion in China __knowledge__ China has long been a cradle and host to a variety of the most enduring religio-philosophical traditions of the world.", "Religion in China __knowledge__ Confucianism and Taoism, later joined by Buddhism, constitute the \"three teachings\" that have shaped Chinese culture.", "Religion in China __knowledge__ There are no clear boundaries between these intertwined religious systems, which do not claim to be exclusive, and elements of each enrich popular or folk religion.", "Religion in China __knowledge__ The emperors of China claimed the Mandate of Heaven and participated in Chinese religious practices.", "Religion in China __knowledge__ In the early 20th century, reform-minded officials and intellectuals attacked all religions as \"superstitious\", and since 1949, China has been governed by the Communist Party of China, an atheist institution that prohibits party members from practising religion while in office.", "Buddhism in Nepal __knowledge__ Buddha was born in Shakya (Shakya) Kingdom of Kapilvastu which lies in present-day Rupandehi district, Lumbini zone of Nepal.", "Buddhism in Nepal __knowledge__ Buddhism is the second-largest religion in Nepal.", "Buddhism in Nepal __knowledge__ According to 2011 census, the Buddhist population in Nepal is 6,164,900 which make up 9% of the country population.", "Buddhism in Nepal __knowledge__ It has not been possible to assign with certainty the year in which Prince Siddhartha (the birth name of the Buddha) was born, it is usually placed at around 623 BCE.", "Buddhism in Nepal __knowledge__ According to 2001 census, 10.74% of Nepal's population practice Buddhism, consisting mainly of Tibeto-Burman-speaking ethnicities.", "Buddhism in Nepal __knowledge__ In Nepal's hill and mountain regions Hinduism has absorbed Buddhist tenets to such an extent that in many cases they have shared deities as well as temples.", "Advaita Vedanta __knowledge__ Advaita Vedanta (IAST, '; , literally, \"not-two\"), originally known as Puruṣavāda\"', is a school of Hindu philosophy and religious practice, and one of the classic Indian paths to spiritual realization.", "Advaita Vedanta __knowledge__ The term \"Advaita\" refers to its idea that the soul (true Self, Atman) is the same as the highest metaphysical Reality (Brahman).", "Advaita Vedanta __knowledge__ The followers of this school are known as \"Advaita Vedantins\", or just \"Advaitins\", and they seek spiritual liberation through acquiring \"vidyā\" (knowledge) of one's true identity as \"Atman\", and the identity of \"Atman\" and \"Brahman\".", "Advaita Vedanta __knowledge__ Advaita Vedanta traces its roots in the oldest Upanishads.", "Jainism __knowledge__ Jainism (), traditionally known as Jain Dharma, is an ancient Indian religion.", "Jainism __knowledge__ Followers of Jainism are called \"Jains\", a word derived from the Sanskrit word \"jina\" (victor) and connoting the path of victory in crossing over life's stream of rebirths through an ethical and spiritual life.", "Jainism __knowledge__ Jains trace their history through a succession of twenty-four victorious saviors and teachers known as Tirthankaras, with the first being Rishabhanatha, who is believed to have lived millions of years ago, and twenty-fourth being the Mahavira around 500 BCE.", "Jainism __knowledge__ Jains believe that Jainism is an eternal \"dharma\" with the Tirthankaras guiding every cycle of the Jain cosmology.", "Hinduism __knowledge__ Hinduism is an Indian Dharma, or a way of life, widely practiced in South Asia.", "Hinduism __knowledge__ Hinduism has been called the oldest religion in the world, and some practitioners and scholars refer to it as \"\", \"the eternal tradition,\" or the \"eternal way,\" beyond human history.", "Hinduism __knowledge__ Scholars regard Hinduism as a fusion or synthesis of various Indian cultures and traditions, with diverse roots and no founder.", "Hinduism __knowledge__ This \"Hindu synthesis\" started to develop between 500 BCE and 300 CE, following the Vedic period (1500 BCE to 500 BCE).", "Hinduism __knowledge__ Although Hinduism contains a broad range of philosophies, it is linked by shared concepts, recognisable rituals, cosmology, shared textual resources, and pilgrimage to sacred sites.", "Women in Hinduism __knowledge__ Hindu texts present diverse and conflicting views on the position of women, ranging from feminine leadership as the highest goddess, to limiting her role to an obedient daughter, housewife and mother.", "Women in Hinduism __knowledge__ The \"Devi Sukta\" hymn of Rigveda, a scripture of Hinduism, declares the feminine energy as the essence of the universe, the one who creates all matter and consciousness, the eternal and infinite, the metaphysical and empirical reality (Brahman), the soul (supreme self) of everything.", "Women in Hinduism __knowledge__ The woman is celebrated as the most powerful and the empowering force in some Hindu Upanishads, Sastras and Puranas, particularly the Devi Upanishad, Devi Mahatmya and Devi-Bhagavata Purana.", "Persecution of Hindus __knowledge__ Hindus have experienced religious persecution in the form of forceful conversions, documented massacres, demolition and desecrations of temples, as well as the destruction of universities and schools.", "Persecution of Hindus __knowledge__ In modern times, Hindus in the Muslim-majority regions of Kashmir, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan and other countries have suffered persecution.", "Persecution of Hindus __knowledge__ The Zoroastrian high-priest Kartir in the Sasanian Empire helped in propagation of Zoroastrianism and supported its priests while suppressing non-Zoroastrian communities, including Hindus among other religions.", "Persecution of Hindus __knowledge__ The Sasanian state, though often tolerant of other communities like Jews, made occasional attempts to extripate non-Zoroastrians, as evidenced by an inscription set up by Kartir at Ka'ba-yi Zardusht: The Naqsh-i-Rustam inscription of Kartir states that \"the teaching of Ahriman and devas disappeared from the empire and was abandoned, and Jews and Buddhists and Brahmins and Nazaraeans, and Christians and Mugdugs and Manichaeans were annihilated within the empire and the idols were destroyed and the caves of the devas were devastated and transformed into the house and seat of the gods.\"", "Mahatma Gandhi __knowledge__ Mahātmā Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (; ; 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was an Indian activist who was the leader of the Indian independence movement against British rule.", "Mahatma Gandhi __knowledge__ Employing nonviolent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world.", "Mahatma Gandhi __knowledge__ The honorific Mahātmā (Sanskrit: \"high-souled\", \"venerable\")—applied to him first in 1914 in South Africa—is now used worldwide.", "Mahatma Gandhi __knowledge__ In India, he is also called Bapu (Gujarati: endearment for \"father\", \"papa\") and Gandhi ji.", "Mahatma Gandhi __knowledge__ He is unofficially called the \"Father of the Nation.\"", "Mahatma Gandhi __knowledge__ Born and raised in a Hindu merchant caste family in coastal Gujarat, western India, and trained in law at the Inner Temple, London, Gandhi first employed nonviolent civil disobedience as an expatriate lawyer in South Africa, in the resident Indian community's struggle for civil rights.", "Hinduism in Indonesia __knowledge__ Hinduism in Indonesia is practised by 1.7% of the total population, and by 83.5% of the population in Bali as of the 2010 census.", "Hinduism in Indonesia __knowledge__ Hinduism is one of the six official religions of Indonesia.", "Hinduism in Indonesia __knowledge__ In 2010, there were an estimated total of over 4 million Hindus in Indonesia according to Indonesian census.", "Hinduism in Indonesia __knowledge__ The Parisada Hindu Dharma Indonesia disputed the census methodology, and estimated 18 million Hindus lived in Indonesia in 2005.", "Hinduism in Indonesia __knowledge__ In 2010, the Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Government of Indonesia estimated that about 10 million Hindus lived on Indonesian islands, in contrast to the Indonesian official decadal census of over 4 million." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hindu __knowledge__ Hindu () refers to any person who regards themselves as culturally, ethnically, or religiously adhering to aspects of Hinduism.", "Hindu __knowledge__ It has historically been used as a geographical, cultural, and later religious identifier for people indigenous to South Asia.", "Hindu __knowledge__ The historical meaning of the term \"Hindu\" has evolved with time.", "Hindu __knowledge__ Starting with the Persian and Greek references to the land of the Indus in the 1st millennium BCE through the texts of the medieval era, the term Hindu implied a geographic, ethnic or cultural identifier for people living in the Indian subcontinent around or beyond the Sindhu (Indus) river.", "Hindu __knowledge__ By the 16th century, the term began to refer to residents of the subcontinent who were not Turkic or Muslims.", "Hindu __knowledge__ The historical development of Hindu self-identity within the local South Asian population, in a religious or cultural sense, is unclear.", "Hindu __knowledge__ Competing theories state that Hindu identity developed in the British colonial era, or that it developed post-8th century CE after the Islamic invasion and medieval Hindu-Muslim wars.", "Hindu __knowledge__ A sense of Hindu identity and the term \"Hindu\" appears in some texts dated between the 13th and 18th century in Sanskrit and regional languages.", "Hindu __knowledge__ The 14th- and 18th-century Indian poets such as Vidyapati, Kabir and Eknath used the phrase \"Hindu dharma\" (Hinduism) and contrasted it with \"Turaka dharma\" (Islam).", "List of songs recorded by K. L. Saigal __knowledge__ K. L. Saigal (11 April 1904 – 18 January 1947) was an Indian singer-actor who acted and sang in Hindi and Bengali films and was active from 1932-1947.", "List of songs recorded by K. L. Saigal __knowledge__ He is cited as the first \"superstar\" of Indian Cinema with films like \"President\", \"Devdas\" and \"Street Singer\" leaving an impact on Hindi film music.", "List of songs recorded by K. L. Saigal __knowledge__ He sang a total of 185 songs which included film, non-film, ghazals, Hindi/Urdu, Bengali, Punjabi, Tamil and Persian songs.", "List of songs recorded by K. L. Saigal __knowledge__ However, only 170 songs still survive.", "List of songs recorded by K. L. Saigal __knowledge__ Saigal was introduced to B. N. Sircar by R. C. Boral and Pankaj Mullick, who had met him at an impromptu evening singing session.", "List of songs recorded by K. L. Saigal __knowledge__ Sircar cast Saigal in his debut role as the main lead in \"Mohabbat Ke Ansu\" (1932).", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Abdelilah Benkirane __knowledge__ Abdelilah Benkirane (Arabic: عبد الإله بنكيران, born 1954) is a Moroccan politician who was Prime Minister of Morocco from November 2011 to March 2017.", "Abdelilah Benkirane __knowledge__ After having won a plurality of seats in the 2011 parliamentary election, his party, the moderate Islamist Justice and Development Party formed a coalition with three parties that had been part of previous governments.", "Abdelilah Benkirane __knowledge__ During the 1970s, Benkirane was a leftist political activist.", "Abdelilah Benkirane __knowledge__ He has represented Salé in the Moroccan parliament since 14 November 1997.", "Abdelilah Benkirane __knowledge__ He was elected leader of the Justice and Development Party in July 2008, taking over from Saadeddine Othmani.", "YES Network __knowledge__ The Yankees Entertainment and Sports Network (YES) is an American cable and satellite television regional sports network that is owned by 21st Century Fox (which owns a controlling 80% interest and serves as managing partner) and Yankee Global Enterprises (which owns the remaining 20%).", "YES Network __knowledge__ Primarily serving New York City, New York and the surrounding metropolitan area, it broadcasts a variety of sports events, as well as magazine, documentary and discussion programs; however, its main emphasis is focused on games and team-related programs involving the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (owned by minority partner Yankee Global), the NBA's Brooklyn Nets and New York City FC of Major League Soccer.", "Atempo __knowledge__ Atempo, SAS.", "Atempo __knowledge__ was founded in 1992 in Paris (Les Ulis), France and is a global provider of data management software products designed for preservation, protection and archiving of corporate digital assets.", "Atempo __knowledge__ The company has headquarters in Paris (Les Ulis France), with 13 offices across North America, Europe and Asia.", "Atempo __knowledge__ In March 2006, Atempo acquired Storactive and added a desktop/laptop data protection solution called Atempo Live Backup to its product portfolio.", "Atempo __knowledge__ As a result of the acquisition, Neal Ater, CEO of Storactive, became the CEO of Atempo and the company moved its global headquarters to Palo Alto, California.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Yes Minister is a Political satire British sitcom written by Antony Jay and Jonathan Lynn that was first transmitted on BBC Two from 1980 to 1984, split over three seven-episode series.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ The sequel, Yes, Prime Minister, ran from 1986 to 1988.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ In total there were 38 episodes, of which all but one lasted half an hour.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Almost all episodes ended with a variation of the title of the series spoken as the answer to a question posed by Hacker.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Several episodes were adapted for BBC Radio, and a stage play was produced in 2010, the latter leading to a new television series on UKTV Gold in 2013.", "Yes Minister __knowledge__ Set principally in the private office of a British Cabinet minister in the fictional Department of Administrative Affairs in Whitehall, \"Yes Minister\" follows the ministerial career of the Rt Hon Jim Hacker MP, played by Paul Eddington.", "2011–12 Moroccan protests __knowledge__ The Moroccan protests are a series of demonstrations across Morocco which occurred from 20 February 2011 to the spring of 2012.", "2011–12 Moroccan protests __knowledge__ They were inspired by other protests in the region.", "2011–12 Moroccan protests __knowledge__ The protests were organized by the 20 February Movement.", "2011–12 Moroccan protests __knowledge__ The protests in Morocco were inspired by the Arab Spring protests and revolutions in other North African countries.", "2011–12 Moroccan protests __knowledge__ They were centred around demands for political reform, which included reform against police brutality, electoral fraud, political censorship and high unemployment.", "2011–12 Moroccan protests __knowledge__ On 20 February, thousands of Moroccans rallied in the capital, Rabat, to demand that King Mohammed give up some of his powers, chanting slogans such as \"Down with autocracy\" and \"The people want to change the constitution.\"", "South Asia __knowledge__ South Asia or Southern Asia (also known as Indian subcontinent) is a term used to represent the southern region of the Asian continent, which comprises the sub-Himalayan SAARC countries and, for some authorities, adjoining countries to the west and east.", "South Asia __knowledge__ Topographically, it is dominated by the Indian Plate, which rises above sea level as Nepal and northern parts of India situated south of the Himalayas and the Hindu Kush.", "South Asia __knowledge__ South Asia is bounded on the south by the Indian Ocean and on land (clockwise, from west) by West Asia, Central Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia.", "South Asia __knowledge__ The current territories of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka form South Asia.", "History of India __knowledge__ The history of India includes the prehistoric settlements and societies in the Indian subcontinent; the advancement of civilisation from the Indus Valley Civilisation to the eventual blending of the Indo-Aryan culture to form the Vedic Civilisation; the rise of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism; the onset of a succession of powerful dynasties and empires for more than three millennia throughout various geographic areas of the subcontinent, including the growth of Muslim dominions during the Medieval period intertwined with Hindu powers; the advent of European traders and privateers, resulting in the establishment of British India; and the subsequent independence movement that led to the Partition of India and the creation of the Republic of India.", "Indo-Aryan migration __knowledge__ Indo-Aryan migration models discuss scenarios around the theory of an origin from outside South Asia of Indo-Aryan peoples, an ascribed ethnolinguistic group that spoke Indo-Aryan languages, the predominant languages of North India.", "Indo-Aryan migration __knowledge__ Proponents of Indo-Aryan origin outside of South Asia generally consider migrations into the region and Anatolia (ancient Mitanni) from Central Asia to have started around 1500 BCE, as a slow diffusion during the Late Harappan period, which led to a language shift in northern South Asia.", "Indo-Aryan migration __knowledge__ The Iranian languages were brought into Iran by the Iranians, who were closely related to the Indo-Aryans.", "Pakistan __knowledge__ Pakistan ( or ; ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (), is a country in South Asia.", "Pakistan __knowledge__ It is the fifth-most populous country with a population exceeding 209,970,000 people.", "Pakistan __knowledge__ In terms of area, it is the 33rd-largest country spanning .", "Pakistan __knowledge__ Pakistan has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west, Iran to the southwest, and China in the far northeast, respectively.", "Pakistan __knowledge__ It is separated narrowly from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's Wakhan Corridor in the north-west, and also shares a maritime border with Oman.", "Pakistan __knowledge__ The territory that now constitutes Pakistan was the site of several ancient cultures, including the Mehrgarh of the Neolithic and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation, and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures, including Hindus, Indo-Greeks, Muslims, Turco-Mongols, Afghans, and Sikhs.", "Miscegenation __knowledge__ Miscegenation (; from the Latin \"miscere\" \"to mix\" + \"genus\" \"kind\") is the mixing of different racial groups through marriage, cohabitation, sexual relations, or procreation.", "Miscegenation __knowledge__ Because of the term's historical use in contexts that typically implied disapproval, more unambiguously neutral terms such as \"interracial\", \"interethnic\", or \"cross-cultural\" are more common in contemporary usage.", "Miscegenation __knowledge__ The term \"miscegenation\" has been used since the 19th century to refer to interracial marriage and interracial sexual relations, and more generally to the process of genetic admixture.", "Miscegenation __knowledge__ Historically, the term has been used in the context of laws banning interracial marriage and sex, known as anti-miscegenation laws.", "Hinduism __knowledge__ Hinduism is an Indian Dharma, or a way of life, widely practiced in South Asia.", "Hinduism __knowledge__ Hinduism has been called the oldest religion in the world, and some practitioners and scholars refer to it as \"\", \"the eternal tradition,\" or the \"eternal way,\" beyond human history.", "Hinduism __knowledge__ Scholars regard Hinduism as a fusion or synthesis of various Indian cultures and traditions, with diverse roots and no founder.", "Hinduism __knowledge__ This \"Hindu synthesis\" started to develop between 500 BCE and 300 CE, following the Vedic period (1500 BCE to 500 BCE).", "Hinduism __knowledge__ Although Hinduism contains a broad range of philosophies, it is linked by shared concepts, recognisable rituals, cosmology, shared textual resources, and pilgrimage to sacred sites." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 6 ]

[ "Hi. I need to learn more about Hinduism, I don't know nearly enough about it. But a Hindu is someone who considers themselves either culturally or ethnically Hindu.", "In history, the word Hindu has been used to identify people from South Asia or whose cultural identity is in South Asia.", "It's unclear how Hindu self-identity developed in local populations to South Asia, in the religious and cultural sense." ]

[ "Hindu", "Hindu", "Hindu" ]

[ "React (JavaScript library)\nWhat do you know about React, the JavaScript library? I believe it's maintained by Facebook, but that's about all I know.", "Can anyone access it or is it reserved for certain people?", "That's great for developers. Must look into it. I designed a very rudimentary website years ago. May have to learn new methods!", "Sounds really interesting. These resources must really have changed the way web developers operate.", "That's great. With all the negative news about Facebook recently, it's so good to see someone making something positive!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ In computing, React (sometimes styled React.js or ReactJS) is a JavaScript library for building user interfaces.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It is maintained by Facebook, Instagram and a community of individual developers and corporations.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React allows developers to create large web-applications that use data and can change over time without reloading the page.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It aims primarily to provide speed, simplicity, and scalability.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React processes only user interfaces in applications.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ This corresponds to View in the Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern, and can be used in combination with other JavaScript libraries or frameworks in MVC, such as AngularJS.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React was created by Jordan Walke, a software engineer at Facebook.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ He was influenced by XHP, an HTML component framework for PHP.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It was first deployed on Facebook's newsfeed in 2011 and later on Instagram.com in 2012.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It was open-sourced at JSConf US in May 2013.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React Native, which enables native Android, iOS, and UWP development with React, was announced at Facebook's React.js Conf in February 2015 and open-sourced in March 2015.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ On April 18, 2017, Facebook announced React Fiber, a new core algorithm of React framework library for building user interfaces.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React Fiber will become the foundation of any future improvements and feature development of the React framework.", "JavaScript __knowledge__ JavaScript (), often abbreviated as JS, is a high-level, dynamic, weakly typed, prototype-based, multi-paradigm, and interpreted programming language.", "JavaScript __knowledge__ Alongside HTML and CSS, JavaScript is one of the three core technologies of World Wide Web content production.", "JavaScript __knowledge__ It is used to make webpages interactive and provide online programs, including video games.", "JavaScript __knowledge__ The majority of websites employ it, and all modern web browsers support it without the need for plug-ins by means of a built-in JavaScript engine.", "JavaScript __knowledge__ Each of the many JavaScript engines represent a different implementation of JavaScript, all based on the ECMAScript specification, with some engines not supporting the spec fully, and with many engines supporting additional features beyond ECMA.", "TypeScript __knowledge__ TypeScript is a free and open-source programming language developed and maintained by Microsoft.", "TypeScript __knowledge__ It is a strict syntactical superset of JavaScript, and adds optional static typing to the language.", "TypeScript __knowledge__ Anders Hejlsberg, lead architect of C# and creator of Delphi and Turbo Pascal, has worked on the development of TypeScript.", "TypeScript __knowledge__ TypeScript may be used to develop JavaScript applications for client-side or server-side (Node.js) execution.", "TypeScript __knowledge__ TypeScript is designed for development of large applications and compiles to JavaScript.", "TypeScript __knowledge__ As TypeScript is a superset of JavaScript, existing JavaScript programs are also valid TypeScript programs.", "Criticism of Facebook __knowledge__ Criticism of Facebook relates to how Facebook's market dominance have led to international media coverage and significant reporting of its shortcomings.", "Criticism of Facebook __knowledge__ Notable issues include Internet privacy, such as its use of a widespread \"like\" button on third-party websites tracking users, possible indefinite records of user information, automatic facial recognition software, and its role in the workplace, including employer-employee account disclosure.", "Criticism of Facebook __knowledge__ The use of Facebook can have psychological effects, including feelings of jealousy and stress, a lack of attention, and social media addiction, in some cases comparable to drug addiction.", "JQuery __knowledge__ jQuery is a cross-platform JavaScript library designed to simplify the client-side scripting of HTML.", "JQuery __knowledge__ It is free, open-source software using the permissive MIT License.", "JQuery __knowledge__ Web analysis indicates that it is the most widely deployed JavaScript library by a large margin.", "JQuery __knowledge__ jQuery's syntax is designed to make it easier to navigate a document, select DOM elements, create animations, handle events, and develop Ajax applications.", "JQuery __knowledge__ jQuery also provides capabilities for developers to create plug-ins on top of the JavaScript library.", "JQuery __knowledge__ This enables developers to create abstractions for low-level interaction and animation, advanced effects and high-level, themeable widgets.", "JavaScript library __knowledge__ A JavaScript library is a library of pre-written JavaScript which allows for easier development of JavaScript-based applications, especially for AJAX and other web-centric technologies.", "JavaScript library __knowledge__ While JavaScript, as first developed by Netscape (and later Mozilla), has long had a presence on the Web for many websites, it gained a particular pitch with the rise of the Web 2.0 era of computing, in which JavaScript became increasingly used for the development of user interfaces for applications, both web-based and desktop-based.", "JavaScript library __knowledge__ JavaScript was also combined with CSS to create dynamic web pages, which have also become popular as a more efficient and accessible alternative to Flash-based websites.", "SWFObject __knowledge__ SWFObject (originally FlashObject) is an open-source JavaScript library used to embed Adobe Flash content onto Web pages, which is supplied as one small JavaScript file.", "SWFObject __knowledge__ The library can also detect the installed Adobe Flash Player plug-in in all major web browsers, on all major operating systems (OS), and can redirect the visitor to another webpage or show alternate HTML content if the installed plug-in is not suitable.", "SWFObject __knowledge__ The library is independent, although related external libraries often integrate with it, such as SWFAddress for deep linking and SWFFit for dynamic content scaling.", "SWFObject __knowledge__ With the multitude of Flash embedding JavaScript libraries, SWFObject has emerged as the most popular being used by over 2,600,000 websites as of 2011, including high-profile websites such as Ask.com, Windows.com, Time.com, Skype.com, Discovery.com and YouTube." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ In computing, React (sometimes styled React.js or ReactJS) is a JavaScript library for building user interfaces.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It is maintained by Facebook, Instagram and a community of individual developers and corporations.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React allows developers to create large web-applications that use data and can change over time without reloading the page.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It aims primarily to provide speed, simplicity, and scalability.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React processes only user interfaces in applications.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ This corresponds to View in the Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern, and can be used in combination with other JavaScript libraries or frameworks in MVC, such as AngularJS.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React was created by Jordan Walke, a software engineer at Facebook.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ He was influenced by XHP, an HTML component framework for PHP.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It was first deployed on Facebook's newsfeed in 2011 and later on Instagram.com in 2012.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It was open-sourced at JSConf US in May 2013.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React Native, which enables native Android, iOS, and UWP development with React, was announced at Facebook's React.js Conf in February 2015 and open-sourced in March 2015.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ On April 18, 2017, Facebook announced React Fiber, a new core algorithm of React framework library for building user interfaces.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React Fiber will become the foundation of any future improvements and feature development of the React framework.", "Crime in South Africa __knowledge__ South Africa has a notably high rate of murders, assaults, rapes and other violent crimes, compared with most countries.", "Crime in South Africa __knowledge__ The popularity of gated communities and increasing dependence on private security indicates a view that the situation may be beyond control of the police.", "Crime in South Africa __knowledge__ The causes of the crime, the calculating of the statistics and the formulating of law enforcement policies are all matters of ongoing debate in government and at the United Nations.", "Crime in South Africa __knowledge__ In February 2007, the Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation was contracted by the South African government to carry out a study on the nature of crime in South Africa.", "OpenSNP __knowledge__ Released in September 2011, openSNP is an open source website where users can share their genetic information.", "OpenSNP __knowledge__ Users upload their genes, including gender, age, eye color, medical history, Fitbit data.", "OpenSNP __knowledge__ With a focus on user patient-led research (PLR), there is potential to redefine the way health research is conducted.", "OpenSNP __knowledge__ \"It promises to be a vital supplement to standard research: it can focus on conditions that are neglected by standard research, such as rare diseases or side effects, and can draw on a broader range of data and deliver outcomes more rapidly.", "OpenSNP __knowledge__ It can also be a way of realising valuable forms of social interaction and support in cases where members of a community conduct PLR together, for example, patients suffering from the same illness.", "Unisex public toilet __knowledge__ A unisex public toilet (alternatively called gender-inclusive, gender-neutral or all-gender) is a public toilet that people of any gender or gender identity are permitted to use.", "Unisex public toilet __knowledge__ Gender-neutral toilet facilities benefit transgender populations and people who exist outside of the gender binary.", "Unisex public toilet __knowledge__ Unisex public toilets also benefit people with disabilities, the elderly, and anyone else who may require the assistance from someone of another gender, including parents who wish to accompany their children to the washroom or toilet facility.", "Unisex public toilet __knowledge__ Public bathroom facilities in 19th and 20th century Europe and United States were strongly segregated by sex, race, class, and religion, but only sex segregation remained normative at the end of the 20th century.", "Excommunication (Catholic Church) __knowledge__ \"For the canonical penalty of excommunication as regulated by the Code of Canon Law of 1917 and the present Code, see excommunication#Catholic Church.", "Excommunication (Catholic Church) __knowledge__ This article reflects the state of before 1917.\"", "Excommunication (Catholic Church) __knowledge__ In the canon law of the Catholic Church, excommunication (Lat.", "Excommunication (Catholic Church) __knowledge__ \"ex\", out of, and \"communio\" or \"communicatio\", communion, meaning exclusion from the communion), the principal and severest censure, is a medicinal, spiritual penalty that deprives the guilty Christian of all participation in the common blessings of ecclesiastical society.", "Excommunication (Catholic Church) __knowledge__ Being a penalty, it presupposes guilt; and being the most serious penalty that the Catholic Church can inflict, it naturally supposes a very grave offense.", "Reproductive rights __knowledge__ Reproductive rights are legal rights and freedoms relating to reproduction and reproductive health that vary amongst countries around the world.", "Reproductive rights __knowledge__ The World Health Organization defines reproductive rights as follows: Reproductive rights rest on the recognition of the basic right of all couples and individuals to decide freely and responsibly the number, spacing and timing of their children and to have the information and means to do so, and the right to attain the highest standard of sexual and reproductive health.", "Reproductive rights __knowledge__ They also include the right of all to make decisions concerning reproduction free of discrimination, coercion and violence.", "Saint __knowledge__ A saint (also historically known as a hallow) is a person who is recognized as having an exceptional degree of holiness or likeness or closeness to God.", "Saint __knowledge__ Depending on the context and denomination, the term also retains its original Christian meaning, as any believer who is \"in Christ\" and in whom Christ dwells, whether in Heaven or on Earth.", "Saint __knowledge__ In Anglican, Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Lutheran, and Oriental Orthodox doctrine, all of their faithful deceased in Heaven are considered to be saints, but some are considered worthy of greater honor or emulation; official ecclesiastical recognition, and consequently veneration, is given to some saints through the process of canonization in the Catholic Church or glorification in the Eastern Orthodox Church.", "Assisted suicide __knowledge__ Assisted suicide is suicide committed with the aid of another person, sometimes a physician.", "Assisted suicide __knowledge__ The term is often used interchangeably with physician-assisted suicide (PAS), which involves a doctor \"knowingly and intentionally providing a person with the knowledge or means or both required to commit suicide, including counseling about lethal doses of drugs, prescribing such lethal doses or supplying the drugs.\"", "Assisted suicide __knowledge__ Canada, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Switzerland allow physicians to physically assist in the death of patients.", "Assisted suicide __knowledge__ In the United States, six states allow medical aid in dying, a legal practice in which a person who has been diagnosed as terminally ill with 6 months or less to live can request a lethal dose of a medication to self-administer in order to end their life.", "Instagram __knowledge__ Instagram is a mobile, desktop, and Internet-based photo-sharing application and service that allows users to share pictures and videos either publicly, or privately to pre-approved followers.", "Instagram __knowledge__ It was created by Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger, and launched in October 2010 as a free mobile app exclusively for the iOS operating system.", "Instagram __knowledge__ A version for Android devices was released two years later, in April 2012, followed by a feature-limited website interface in November 2012, and apps for Windows 10 Mobile and Windows 10 in April 2016 and October 2016 respectively.", "Instagram __knowledge__ It is owned by Facebook.", "Instagram __knowledge__ Instagram lets registered users upload photos or videos to the service.", "Facebook __knowledge__ Facebook is an American online social media and social networking service company based in Menlo Park, California.", "Facebook __knowledge__ The Facebook website was launched on February 4, 2004, by Mark Zuckerberg, along with fellow Harvard College students and roommates, Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz, and Chris Hughes.", "Facebook __knowledge__ The founders had initially limited the website's membership to Harvard students; however, later they expanded it to higher education institutions in the Boston area, the Ivy League schools, and Stanford University.", "Facebook __knowledge__ Facebook gradually added support for students at various other universities, and eventually to high school students as well.", "Social media marketing __knowledge__ Social media marketing is the use of social media platforms and websites to promote a product or service.", "Social media marketing __knowledge__ Although the terms e-marketing and digital marketing are still dominant in academia, social media marketing is becoming more popular for both practitioners and researchers.", "Social media marketing __knowledge__ Most social media platforms have built-in data analytics tools, which enable companies to track the progress, success, and engagement of ad campaigns.", "Social media marketing __knowledge__ Companies address a range of stakeholders through social media marketing, including current and potential customers, current and potential employees, journalists, bloggers, and the general public.", "Social media __knowledge__ Social media are computer-mediated technologies that facilitate the creation and sharing of information, ideas, career interests and other forms of expression via virtual communities and networks.", "Social media __knowledge__ The variety of stand-alone and built-in social media services currently available introduces challenges of definition; however, there are some common features: Users typically access social media services via web-based technologies on desktop, computers, and laptops, or download services that offer social media functionality to their mobile devices (e.g., smartphones and tablet computers).", "Social media __knowledge__ When engaging with these services, users can create highly interactive platforms through which individuals, communities and organizations can share, co-create, discuss, and modify user-generated content or pre-made content posted online.", "Criticism of Facebook __knowledge__ Criticism of Facebook relates to how Facebook's market dominance have led to international media coverage and significant reporting of its shortcomings.", "Criticism of Facebook __knowledge__ Notable issues include Internet privacy, such as its use of a widespread \"like\" button on third-party websites tracking users, possible indefinite records of user information, automatic facial recognition software, and its role in the workplace, including employer-employee account disclosure.", "Criticism of Facebook __knowledge__ The use of Facebook can have psychological effects, including feelings of jealousy and stress, a lack of attention, and social media addiction, in some cases comparable to drug addiction.", "Privacy concerns with social networking services __knowledge__ Since the arrival of early social networking sites in the early 2000s, online social networking platforms have expanded exponentially, with the biggest names in social media in the mid-2010s being Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and SnapChat.", "Privacy concerns with social networking services __knowledge__ The massive influx of personal information that has become available online and stored in the cloud has put user privacy at the forefront of discussion of the databases ability to safely store such personal information.", "Privacy concerns with social networking services __knowledge__ The extent to which users and social media platform administrators can access user profiles has become a new topic of ethical consideration and the legality, awareness and boundaries of subsequent privacy violations are critical concerns in the advance of the technological age.", "Celebrity branding __knowledge__ Celebrity branding or celebrity endorsement is a form of advertising campaign or marketing strategy used by brands, companies, or a non-profit organization which involves celebrities or a well-known person using their social status or their fame to help promote a product, service or even raise awareness on environmental or social matters.", "Celebrity branding __knowledge__ Marketers use celebrity endorsers in hopes that the positive images of the celebrity endorser of the brand will also be passed on to the products or the brand image associated with the celebrities.", "Celebrity branding __knowledge__ Celebrity endorsement is usually commonly used by fashion or beauty brands, but a non-profit organization relies on celebrities as well, as celebrities have mass communication skills which can attract people's attention and is helpful in reaching a wider audience to raise their awareness towards a certain organization or an issue." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ In computing, React (sometimes styled React.js or ReactJS) is a JavaScript library for building user interfaces.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It is maintained by Facebook, Instagram and a community of individual developers and corporations.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React allows developers to create large web-applications that use data and can change over time without reloading the page.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It aims primarily to provide speed, simplicity, and scalability.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React processes only user interfaces in applications.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ This corresponds to View in the Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern, and can be used in combination with other JavaScript libraries or frameworks in MVC, such as AngularJS.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React was created by Jordan Walke, a software engineer at Facebook.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ He was influenced by XHP, an HTML component framework for PHP.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It was first deployed on Facebook's newsfeed in 2011 and later on Instagram.com in 2012.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It was open-sourced at JSConf US in May 2013.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React Native, which enables native Android, iOS, and UWP development with React, was announced at Facebook's React.js Conf in February 2015 and open-sourced in March 2015.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ On April 18, 2017, Facebook announced React Fiber, a new core algorithm of React framework library for building user interfaces.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React Fiber will become the foundation of any future improvements and feature development of the React framework.", "Origin of language __knowledge__ The first language in the human species has been the topic of scholarly discussions for several centuries.", "Origin of language __knowledge__ There is no consensus on the origin or age of human language.", "Origin of language __knowledge__ The topic is difficult to study because of the lack of direct evidence.", "Origin of language __knowledge__ Consequently, scholars wishing to study the origins of language must draw inferences from other kinds of evidence such as the fossil record, archaeological evidence, contemporary language diversity, studies of language acquisition, and comparisons between human language and systems of communication existing among animals (particularly other primates).", "Origin of language __knowledge__ Many argue that the origins of language probably relate closely to the origins of modern human behavior, but there is little agreement about the implications and directionality of this connection.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "Amphibian __knowledge__ Amphibians are ectothermic, tetrapod vertebrates of the class Amphibia.", "Amphibian __knowledge__ Modern amphibians are all Lissamphibia.", "Amphibian __knowledge__ They inhabit a wide variety of habitats, with most species living within terrestrial, fossorial, arboreal or freshwater aquatic ecosystems.", "Amphibian __knowledge__ Thus amphibians typically start out as larvae living in water, but some species have developed behavioural adaptations to bypass this.", "Amphibian __knowledge__ The young generally undergo metamorphosis from larva with gills to an adult air-breathing form with lungs.", "Amphibian __knowledge__ Amphibians use their skin as a secondary respiratory surface and some small terrestrial salamanders and frogs lack lungs and rely entirely on their skin.", "Frog __knowledge__ A frog is any member of a diverse and largely carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians composing the order Anura (Ancient Greek \"an-,\" without + \"oura\", tail).", "Frog __knowledge__ The oldest fossil \"proto-frog\" appeared in the early Triassic of Madagascar, but molecular clock dating suggests their origins may extend further back to the Permian, 265 million years ago.", "Frog __knowledge__ Frogs are widely distributed, ranging from the tropics to subarctic regions, but the greatest concentration of species diversity is in tropical rainforests.", "Frog __knowledge__ There are approximately 4,800 recorded species, accounting for over 85% of extant amphibian species.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands had a considerable part in the making of modern society.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands and its people have made numerous seminal contributions to the world's civilization, especially in art, science, technology and engineering, economics and finance, cartography and geography, exploration and navigation, law and jurisprudence, thought and philosophy, medicine, and agriculture.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ Dutch-speaking people, in spite of their relatively small number, have a significant history of invention, innovation, discovery and exploration.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The following list is composed of objects, (largely) unknown lands, breakthrough ideas/concepts, principles, phenomena, processes, methods, techniques, styles etc., that were discovered or invented (or pioneered) by people from the Netherlands and Dutch-speaking people from the former Southern Netherlands (\"Zuid-Nederlanders\" in Dutch).", "Vocabulary development __knowledge__ Vocabulary development is a process by which people acquire words.", "Vocabulary development __knowledge__ Babbling shifts towards meaningful speech as infants grow and produce their first words around the age of one year.", "Vocabulary development __knowledge__ In early word learning, infants build their vocabulary slowly.", "Vocabulary development __knowledge__ By the age of 18 months, infants can typically produce about 50 words and begin to make word combinations.", "Vocabulary development __knowledge__ In order to build their vocabularies, infants must learn about the meanings that words carry.", "Vocabulary development __knowledge__ The mapping problem asks how infants correctly learn to attach words to referents.", "Vocabulary development __knowledge__ Constraints theories, domain-general views, social-pragmatic accounts, and an emergentist coalition model have been proposed to account for the mapping problem... From an early age, infants use language to communicate.", "Élisée Maclet __knowledge__ Élisée Maclet (1881–1962) was a French impressionist painter.", "Élisée Maclet __knowledge__ Emile Elisee Maclet was the son of a gardener who lived in Lyons-en Santerre in Picardy.", "Élisée Maclet __knowledge__ He was born there in 1881.", "Élisée Maclet __knowledge__ Since his family was poor, he began to work at an early age as an assistant to his father.", "Élisée Maclet __knowledge__ Picardy is renowned for its roses, and Maclet used to say that he was born among cabbages and roses.", "Élisée Maclet __knowledge__ By the mysterious alchemy of genius, the gardener’s son wielded a painter’s brush almost as soon as he swung a pick and hoe.", "Élisée Maclet __knowledge__ His father was not only a gardener, but also the sexton of the parish church, so the boy inevitably became a choirboy.", "History of free and open-source software __knowledge__ In the 1950s and 1960s, computer operating software and compilers were delivered as a part of hardware purchases without separate fees.", "History of free and open-source software __knowledge__ At the time, source code, the human-readable form of software, was generally distributed with the software providing the ability to fix bugs or add new functions.", "History of free and open-source software __knowledge__ Universities were early adopters of computing technology.", "History of free and open-source software __knowledge__ Many of the modifications developed by universities were openly shared, in keeping with the academic principles of sharing knowledge, and organizations sprung up to facilitate sharing.", "History of free and open-source software __knowledge__ As large-scale operating systems matured, fewer organizations allowed modifications to the operating software, and eventually such operating systems were closed to modification.", "Open-source software movement __knowledge__ The open-source software movement is a movement that supports the use of open-source licenses for some or all software, a part of the broader notion of open collaboration.", "Open-source software movement __knowledge__ The open-source movement was started to spread the concept/idea of open-source software.", "Open-source software movement __knowledge__ Programmers who support the open-source movement philosophy contribute to the open-source community by voluntarily writing and exchanging programming code for software development.", "Open-source software movement __knowledge__ The term \"open source\" requires that no one can discriminate against a group in not sharing the edited code or hinder others from editing their already-edited work.", "Open-source software __knowledge__ Open-source software (OSS) is computer software with its source code made available with a license in which the copyright holder provides the rights to study, change, and distribute the software to anyone and for any purpose.", "Open-source software __knowledge__ Open-source software may be developed in a collaborative public manner.", "Open-source software __knowledge__ According to scientists who studied it, open-source software is a prominent example of open collaboration.", "Open-source software __knowledge__ The term is often written without a hyphen as \"open source software\".", "Open-source software __knowledge__ Open-source software development, or collaborative development from multiple independent sources, generates an increasingly more diverse scope of design perspective than any one company is capable of developing and sustaining long term.", "Open-source model __knowledge__ The open-source model is a decentralized software-development model that encourages open collaboration.", "Open-source model __knowledge__ A main principle of open-source software development is peer production, with products such as source code, blueprints, and documentation freely available to the public.", "Open-source model __knowledge__ The open-source movement in software began as a response to the limitations of proprietary code.", "Open-source model __knowledge__ The model is used for projects such as in open-source appropriate technology, and open-source drug discovery.", "Open-source model __knowledge__ Open source promotes universal access via an open-source or free license to a product's design or blueprint, and universal redistribution of that design or blueprint.", "Linux Foundation __knowledge__ The Linux Foundation (LF) is dedicated to building sustainable ecosystems around open source projects to accelerate technology development and commercial adoption.", "Linux Foundation __knowledge__ The largest open source non-profit organization, it works to promote, protect, and advance Linux and collaborative development and support the \"greatest shared technology resources in history.\"", "Linux Foundation __knowledge__ It began in 2000 under the Open Source Development Labs (OSDL) and became the organization it is today when OSDL merged with the Free Standards Group (FSG).", "Linux Foundation __knowledge__ The Linux Foundation sponsors the work of Linux creator Linus Torvalds and lead maintainer Greg Kroah-Hartman and is supported by members such as AT&T, Cisco, Fujitsu, Hitachi, Huawei, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, NEC, Oracle, Qualcomm, Samsung, and VMware, as well as developers from around the world." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ In computing, React (sometimes styled React.js or ReactJS) is a JavaScript library for building user interfaces.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It is maintained by Facebook, Instagram and a community of individual developers and corporations.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React allows developers to create large web-applications that use data and can change over time without reloading the page.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It aims primarily to provide speed, simplicity, and scalability.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React processes only user interfaces in applications.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ This corresponds to View in the Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern, and can be used in combination with other JavaScript libraries or frameworks in MVC, such as AngularJS.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React was created by Jordan Walke, a software engineer at Facebook.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ He was influenced by XHP, an HTML component framework for PHP.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It was first deployed on Facebook's newsfeed in 2011 and later on Instagram.com in 2012.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It was open-sourced at JSConf US in May 2013.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React Native, which enables native Android, iOS, and UWP development with React, was announced at Facebook's React.js Conf in February 2015 and open-sourced in March 2015.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ On April 18, 2017, Facebook announced React Fiber, a new core algorithm of React framework library for building user interfaces.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React Fiber will become the foundation of any future improvements and feature development of the React framework.", "Web beacon __knowledge__ A web beacon or web bug is one of various techniques used on web pages or email, to unobtrusively (usually invisibly) allow checking that a user has accessed some content.", "Web beacon __knowledge__ Common uses are email tracking and page tagging for web analytics.", "Web beacon __knowledge__ Alternative names are tracking bug, tag, or page tag, tracking pixel, pixel tag, 1×1 gif, and clear gif.", "Web beacon __knowledge__ When implemented using JavaScript, they may be called JavaScript tags.", "Web beacon __knowledge__ There is a work in progress to standardize an interface that web developers can use to asynchronously transfer small HTTP data from the User Agent to a web server that call it simply beacons (in the context of web development) which can be used to send data to a web server prior to the loading of the document without delaying the load and affecting the perception of page load performance for the next navigation.", "Web development __knowledge__ Web development is a broad term for the work involved in developing a web site for the Internet (World Wide Web) or an intranet (a private network).", "Web development __knowledge__ Web development can range from developing the simplest static single page of plain text to the most complex web-based internet applications (or just 'web apps') electronic businesses, and social network services.", "Web development __knowledge__ A more comprehensive list of tasks to which web development commonly refers, may include web engineering, web design, web content development, client liaison, client-side/server-side scripting, web server and network security configuration, and e-commerce development.", "Web 2.0 __knowledge__ Web 2.0 refers to World Wide Web websites that emphasize user-generated content, usability (ease of use, even by non-experts), and interoperability (this means that a website can work well with other products, systems, and devices) for end users.", "Web 2.0 __knowledge__ The term was popularized by Tim O'Reilly and Dale Dougherty at the O'Reilly Media Web 2.0 Conference in late 2004, though it was coined by Darcy DiNucci in 1999.", "Web 2.0 __knowledge__ Web 2.0 does not refer to an update to any technical specification, but to changes in the way Web pages are designed and used.", "Web 2.0 __knowledge__ A Web 2.0 website may allow users to interact and collaborate with each other in a social media dialogue as creators of user-generated content in a virtual community, in contrast to the first generation of Web 1.0-era websites where people were limited to the passive viewing of content.", "Content designer __knowledge__ A content designer develops creative ideas and content strategies for social media, digital publication app, software engineering, and other digital platform such as a blog.", "Content designer __knowledge__ The term is used mainly in fields such as online marketing and sound design.", "Content designer __knowledge__ Content design can be used in print work; however, it is generally refers to the web or in the media industry such as (music production).", "Content designer __knowledge__ Content designers work in digital agencies also as in-house designers for the creation and curation of web content.", "Content designer __knowledge__ Moreover, the term can be stretched to include producers of any content that a user will interact with.", "History of the Internet __knowledge__ The history of the Internet begins with the development of electronic computers in the 1950s.", "History of the Internet __knowledge__ Initial concepts of wide area networking originated in several computer science laboratories in the United States, United Kingdom, and France.", "History of the Internet __knowledge__ The US Department of Defense awarded contracts as early as the 1960s, including for the development of the ARPANET project, directed by Robert Taylor and managed by Lawrence Roberts.", "History of the Internet __knowledge__ The first message was sent over the ARPANET in 1969 from computer science Professor Leonard Kleinrock's laboratory at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) to the second network node at Stanford Research Institute (SRI).", "Google Chrome __knowledge__ Google Chrome is a freeware web browser developed by Google.", "Google Chrome __knowledge__ It was first released in September 2008, for Microsoft Windows, and was later ported to Linux, macOS, iOS and Android.", "Google Chrome __knowledge__ Google Chrome is also the main component of Chrome OS, where it serves as a platform for running web apps.", "Google Chrome __knowledge__ Google releases the majority of Chrome's source code as the Chromium open-source project.", "Google Chrome __knowledge__ One component that is not open-source is the built-in Adobe Flash Player (that Chrome has disabled by default since September 2016).", "Google Chrome __knowledge__ Chrome used the WebKit layout engine until version 27.", "Google Chrome __knowledge__ As of version 28, all Chrome ports except the iOS port use Blink, a fork of the WebKit engine.", "Wolfenstein: The New Order __knowledge__ Wolfenstein: The New Order is an action-adventure first-person shooter video game developed by MachineGames and published by Bethesda Softworks.", "Wolfenstein: The New Order __knowledge__ It was released on 20 May 2014 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, Xbox 360, and Xbox One.", "Wolfenstein: The New Order __knowledge__ The game is the seventh main entry in the \"Wolfenstein\" series and the sequel to 2009's \"Wolfenstein\", set in an alternate history 1960s Europe where the Nazis won the Second World War.", "Wolfenstein: The New Order __knowledge__ The story follows war veteran William \"B.J.\"", "Wolfenstein: The New Order __knowledge__ Blazkowicz and his efforts to stop the Nazis from ruling over the world.", "Wolfenstein: The New Order __knowledge__ The game is played from a first-person perspective and most of its levels are navigated on foot.", "Facebook __knowledge__ Facebook is an American online social media and social networking service company based in Menlo Park, California.", "Facebook __knowledge__ The Facebook website was launched on February 4, 2004, by Mark Zuckerberg, along with fellow Harvard College students and roommates, Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz, and Chris Hughes.", "Facebook __knowledge__ The founders had initially limited the website's membership to Harvard students; however, later they expanded it to higher education institutions in the Boston area, the Ivy League schools, and Stanford University.", "Facebook __knowledge__ Facebook gradually added support for students at various other universities, and eventually to high school students as well.", "Criticism of Facebook __knowledge__ Criticism of Facebook relates to how Facebook's market dominance have led to international media coverage and significant reporting of its shortcomings.", "Criticism of Facebook __knowledge__ Notable issues include Internet privacy, such as its use of a widespread \"like\" button on third-party websites tracking users, possible indefinite records of user information, automatic facial recognition software, and its role in the workplace, including employer-employee account disclosure.", "Criticism of Facebook __knowledge__ The use of Facebook can have psychological effects, including feelings of jealousy and stress, a lack of attention, and social media addiction, in some cases comparable to drug addiction.", "List of Facebook features __knowledge__ Facebook is a social network service website launched on February 4, 2004.", "List of Facebook features __knowledge__ This is a list of software and technology features that can be found on the Facebook website and are available to users of the social media site.", "List of Facebook features __knowledge__ The news feed is the primary system through which users are exposed to content posted on the network.", "List of Facebook features __knowledge__ Using a secret method (initially known as EdgeRank), Facebook selects a handful updates to actually show users every time they visit their feed, out of an average of 1500 updates they can potentially receive.", "List of Facebook features __knowledge__ On September 6, 2006, Ruchi Sanghvi announced a new home page feature called News Feed.", "List of Google April Fools' Day jokes __knowledge__ Google frequently inserts jokes and hoaxes into its products on April Fools' Day, which takes place on April 1.", "List of Google April Fools' Day jokes __knowledge__ Google's first April Fools' Day hoax, the Mental flex hoax, invited users to project a mental image of what they wanted to find whilst staring at an animated GIF.", "List of Google April Fools' Day jokes __knowledge__ Several humorous error messages were then displayed on the search results page, all listed below: An additional error message was included which converted all navigation text to German, but was scrapped after user complaints.", "List of Google April Fools' Day jokes __knowledge__ Google reveals the technology behind its PageRank Systems—PigeonRank.", "List of Google April Fools' Day jokes __knowledge__ Google touts the benefits of this cost-effective and efficient means of ranking pages and reassures readers that there is no animal cruelty involved in the process.", "Privacy concerns with social networking services __knowledge__ Since the arrival of early social networking sites in the early 2000s, online social networking platforms have expanded exponentially, with the biggest names in social media in the mid-2010s being Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and SnapChat.", "Privacy concerns with social networking services __knowledge__ The massive influx of personal information that has become available online and stored in the cloud has put user privacy at the forefront of discussion of the databases ability to safely store such personal information.", "Privacy concerns with social networking services __knowledge__ The extent to which users and social media platform administrators can access user profiles has become a new topic of ethical consideration and the legality, awareness and boundaries of subsequent privacy violations are critical concerns in the advance of the technological age.", "Coree __knowledge__ The Coree (also Connamox, Cores, Corennines, Connamocksocks, Coranine Indians, Neuse River Indians) were a very small Native American tribe, who once occupied a coastal area south of the Neuse River in southeastern North Carolina in the area now covered by Carteret and Craven counties.", "Coree __knowledge__ Early 20th-century scholars were unsure of what language they spoke, but the coastal areas were mostly populated by Iroquois and Algonquian peoples.", "Coree __knowledge__ The Coree were not described by English colonists until 1701, by which time their population had already been reduced to as few as 125 members, likely due to epidemics of infectious disease and warfare." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ In computing, React (sometimes styled React.js or ReactJS) is a JavaScript library for building user interfaces.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It is maintained by Facebook, Instagram and a community of individual developers and corporations.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React allows developers to create large web-applications that use data and can change over time without reloading the page.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It aims primarily to provide speed, simplicity, and scalability.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React processes only user interfaces in applications.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ This corresponds to View in the Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern, and can be used in combination with other JavaScript libraries or frameworks in MVC, such as AngularJS.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React was created by Jordan Walke, a software engineer at Facebook.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ He was influenced by XHP, an HTML component framework for PHP.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It was first deployed on Facebook's newsfeed in 2011 and later on Instagram.com in 2012.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ It was open-sourced at JSConf US in May 2013.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React Native, which enables native Android, iOS, and UWP development with React, was announced at Facebook's React.js Conf in February 2015 and open-sourced in March 2015.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ On April 18, 2017, Facebook announced React Fiber, a new core algorithm of React framework library for building user interfaces.", "React (JavaScript library) __knowledge__ React Fiber will become the foundation of any future improvements and feature development of the React framework.", "Privacy concerns with social networking services __knowledge__ Since the arrival of early social networking sites in the early 2000s, online social networking platforms have expanded exponentially, with the biggest names in social media in the mid-2010s being Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and SnapChat.", "Privacy concerns with social networking services __knowledge__ The massive influx of personal information that has become available online and stored in the cloud has put user privacy at the forefront of discussion of the databases ability to safely store such personal information.", "Privacy concerns with social networking services __knowledge__ The extent to which users and social media platform administrators can access user profiles has become a new topic of ethical consideration and the legality, awareness and boundaries of subsequent privacy violations are critical concerns in the advance of the technological age.", "Criticism of Facebook __knowledge__ Criticism of Facebook relates to how Facebook's market dominance have led to international media coverage and significant reporting of its shortcomings.", "Criticism of Facebook __knowledge__ Notable issues include Internet privacy, such as its use of a widespread \"like\" button on third-party websites tracking users, possible indefinite records of user information, automatic facial recognition software, and its role in the workplace, including employer-employee account disclosure.", "Criticism of Facebook __knowledge__ The use of Facebook can have psychological effects, including feelings of jealousy and stress, a lack of attention, and social media addiction, in some cases comparable to drug addiction.", "Social media __knowledge__ Social media are computer-mediated technologies that facilitate the creation and sharing of information, ideas, career interests and other forms of expression via virtual communities and networks.", "Social media __knowledge__ The variety of stand-alone and built-in social media services currently available introduces challenges of definition; however, there are some common features: Users typically access social media services via web-based technologies on desktop, computers, and laptops, or download services that offer social media functionality to their mobile devices (e.g., smartphones and tablet computers).", "Social media __knowledge__ When engaging with these services, users can create highly interactive platforms through which individuals, communities and organizations can share, co-create, discuss, and modify user-generated content or pre-made content posted online.", "Celebrity branding __knowledge__ Celebrity branding or celebrity endorsement is a form of advertising campaign or marketing strategy used by brands, companies, or a non-profit organization which involves celebrities or a well-known person using their social status or their fame to help promote a product, service or even raise awareness on environmental or social matters.", "Celebrity branding __knowledge__ Marketers use celebrity endorsers in hopes that the positive images of the celebrity endorser of the brand will also be passed on to the products or the brand image associated with the celebrities.", "Celebrity branding __knowledge__ Celebrity endorsement is usually commonly used by fashion or beauty brands, but a non-profit organization relies on celebrities as well, as celebrities have mass communication skills which can attract people's attention and is helpful in reaching a wider audience to raise their awareness towards a certain organization or an issue.", "Facebook __knowledge__ Facebook is an American online social media and social networking service company based in Menlo Park, California.", "Facebook __knowledge__ The Facebook website was launched on February 4, 2004, by Mark Zuckerberg, along with fellow Harvard College students and roommates, Eduardo Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz, and Chris Hughes.", "Facebook __knowledge__ The founders had initially limited the website's membership to Harvard students; however, later they expanded it to higher education institutions in the Boston area, the Ivy League schools, and Stanford University.", "Facebook __knowledge__ Facebook gradually added support for students at various other universities, and eventually to high school students as well.", "News values __knowledge__ News values, sometimes called news criteria, determine how much prominence a news story is given by a media outlet, and the attention it is given by the audience.", "News values __knowledge__ A. Boyd states that: \"News journalism has a broadly agreed set of values, often referred to as 'newsworthiness'...\" News values are not universal and can vary widely between different cultures.", "News values __knowledge__ In Western practice, decisions on the selection and prioritization of news are made by editors on the basis of their experience and intuition, although analysis by J. Galtung and M. Ruge showed that several factors are consistently applied across a range of news organizations.", "R. K. Milholland __knowledge__ Randal Keith Milholland (born November 25, 1975), better known as R. K. Milholland, is an American webcomic author.", "R. K. Milholland __knowledge__ His works include \"Something Positive\", \"New Gold Dreams\", \"Midnight Macabre\", \"Classically Positive\" and \"Super Stupor\".", "R. K. Milholland __knowledge__ Raised in Bedford, Texas, Milholland attended Harwood Junior High and Trinity High School in neighboring Euless, Texas.", "R. K. Milholland __knowledge__ During high school he won several awards for his editorial cartoons.", "R. K. Milholland __knowledge__ He went on to enroll in the art department at the University of North Texas where he spent four years.", "R. K. Milholland __knowledge__ Milholland moved to Boston in the spring of 1999.", "R. K. Milholland __knowledge__ He worked odd jobs, including stints at a dot com startup, scientific non-profit, medical billing and medical research companies.", "USS Walke (DD-416) __knowledge__ USS \"Walke\" (DD-416) was a World War II-era in the service of the United States Navy, named after Rear Admiral Henry A. Walke USN (1809–1896).", "USS Walke (DD-416) __knowledge__ \"Walke\" operated with the Neutrality Patrol in the Caribbean before World War II and fought in the Pacific Theater during the war before being sunk in the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal.", "USS Walke (DD-416) __knowledge__ \"Walke\" was laid down by the Naval Shipyard at Boston in Massachusetts on 31 May 1938, launched on 20 October 1939 by Mrs. Clarence Dillon, grandniece of Rear Admiral Walke and commissioned on 27 April 1940.", "USS Walke (DD-416) __knowledge__ Following fitting-out and engineering trials, \"Walke\" took on board torpedoes, warheads, and exercise warheads at the Naval Torpedo Station, Newport, Rhode Island, on 25 June and sailed for Norfolk, Virginia, on the following day.", "Bernard Walke __knowledge__ Bernard Walke, born Nicolo Bernard Walke, was an English Anglican priest.", "Bernard Walke __knowledge__ Most of his ministry was in three Cornish parishes; he was parish priest of St Hilary from 1913 to 1936.", "Bernard Walke __knowledge__ Bernard Walke was the eldest of three sons of a Tractarian clergyman who was vicar of Redlynch in Wiltshire.", "Bernard Walke __knowledge__ Walke married artist Anne Fearon in 1911.", "Bernard Walke __knowledge__ The couple was described by Newlyn School artist Laura Knight: They were both long and thin, and Ber always wore dandy silk socks – he was not in the least like a parson to look at.", "Bernard Walke __knowledge__ A man with ideals that he lived up to – he was big-hearted enough to understand anyone and had it in him to enjoy vulgar fun as much as any.", "USS Walke (DD-723) __knowledge__ USS \"Walke\" (DD-723), an , was the third ship of the United States Navy to be named for Henry A. Walke, a Rear Admiral during the Mexican-American War and the American Civil War.", "USS Walke (DD-723) __knowledge__ The third \"Walke\" (DD-723) was laid down on 7 June 1943 at Bath, Maine, by the Bath Iron Works and launched on 27 October 1943; sponsored by Mrs. Douglas Dillon.", "USS Walke (DD-723) __knowledge__ The ship was commissioned at the Boston Navy Yard on 21 January 1944, Comdr.", "USS Walke (DD-723) __knowledge__ John C. Zahm in command.", "USS Walke (DD-723) __knowledge__ After fitting out at the Boston Navy Yard, \"Walke\" got underway on 12 February for Washington, D.C., which she visited from 14 to 18 February before heading for Bermuda and shakedown training.", "Olive Walke __knowledge__ Olive Walke, MBE (1911-1969) was a Trinidadian musician and ethnomusicologist who was one of the first to collect regional Caribbean folk songs.", "Olive Walke __knowledge__ She founded the well-known choir, La Petite Musicale and directed it for many years.", "Olive Walke __knowledge__ Between 1961 and 1966, she served as a Senator in the first Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago established after its independence.", "Olive Walke __knowledge__ Beatrice Olive Walke was born on 21 December 1911 in the Belmont neighborhood of Port of Spain, Trinidad to Anella and Samuel Arthur Walke.", "Olive Walke __knowledge__ Walke was raised by her aunt and uncle, Edith and Simeon Hayes, from the age of ten.", "Olive Walke __knowledge__ She attended Tranquillity Girls School and the Intermediate Government School before graduating from Bishop Anstey High School.", "Software engineer __knowledge__ A software engineer is a person who applies the principles of software engineering to the design, development, maintenance, testing, and evaluation of the software that make computers or other devices containing software work.", "Software engineer __knowledge__ Prior to the mid-1970s, software practitioners called themselves \"computer programmers\" or \"software developers,\" regardless of their actual jobs.", "Software engineer __knowledge__ Many people prefer to call themselves \"software developer\" and \"programmer\", because most widely agree what these terms mean, while \"software engineer\" is still being debated.", "Software engineer __knowledge__ Half of all practitioners today have degrees in computer science, information systems, or information technology.", "USS Walke (DD-34) __knowledge__ The first USS \"Walke\" (DD-34) was a in the United States Navy during World War I.", "USS Walke (DD-34) __knowledge__ She was named for Rear Admiral Henry A. Walke.", "USS Walke (DD-34) __knowledge__ \"Walke\" was laid down on 5 March 1910 at Quincy, Massachusetts, by the Fore River Shipbuilding Company; launched on 3 November 1910; sponsored by Miss Mildred Walke Walter, granddaughter of Rear Admiral Walke; and commissioned on 22 July 1911 at the Boston Navy Yard, Lieutenant Charles R. Train in command.", "USS Walke (DD-34) __knowledge__ Upon commissioning, \"Walke\" was assigned to the 9th Division, Atlantic Torpedo Fleet.", "USS Walke (DD-34) __knowledge__ After fitting out at Boston, Massachusetts, she moved to the Torpedo Station at Newport, Rhode Island, where she loaded torpedoes for training with the Atlantic Torpedo Fleet." ] ]

[ 2, 10, 12, 7, 13 ]

[ "It is indeed maintained by FaceBook, but also Instagram and a community of developers and corps.", "Yes anyone can access it now. It has been open source since JSConf US in May of 2013.", "I did a little dabbing myself in web dev, it's really fun! FaceBook also announced React Fiber, a new coree algorithm, you may want to check that out as well!", "Definitely! All thanks to React's creator Jordan Walke who was a software engineer at FaceBook.", "Definitely! React Fiber is doing so well, actually, that it is on par to becoming the foundation of any future improvements and feature development for the React framework." ]

[ "React (JavaScript library)", "React (JavaScript library)", "React (JavaScript library)", "React (JavaScript library)", "React (JavaScript library)" ]

[ "Country music", "What year did it originate?", "Who is the most popular country artist?", "Well do you know who the first African American country singer was?", "Wow, he influenced the king himself. What are some dance styles associated with country music?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Country music __knowledge__ Country (or country and western) is a musical genre that originated in the southern United States in the early 1920s.", "Country music __knowledge__ It takes its roots from genres such as folk music (especially Appalachian folk music) and blues.", "Country music __knowledge__ Country music often consists of ballads and dance tunes with generally simple forms, folk lyric and harmonies accompanied by mostly string instruments such as banjos, electric and acoustic guitars, steel guitars (such as pedal steels and dobros), and fiddles as well as harmonicas.", "Country music __knowledge__ Blues modes have been used extensively throughout its recorded history.", "Country music __knowledge__ According to Lindsey Starnes, the term \"country music\" gained popularity in the 1940s in preference to the earlier term \"hillbilly music\"; it came to encompass Western music, which evolved parallel to hillbilly music from similar roots, in the mid-20th century.", "Country music __knowledge__ In 2009, in the United States country music was the most listened to rush hour radio genre during the evening commute, and second most popular in the morning commute.", "Country music __knowledge__ The term \"country music\" is used today to describe many styles and subgenres.", "Country music __knowledge__ The origins of country music are the folk music of working class Americans, who blended popular songs, Irish and Celtic fiddle tunes, traditional English ballads, and cowboy songs, and various musical traditions from European immigrant communities." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Country music __knowledge__ Country (or country and western) is a musical genre that originated in the southern United States in the early 1920s.", "Country music __knowledge__ It takes its roots from genres such as folk music (especially Appalachian folk music) and blues.", "Country music __knowledge__ Country music often consists of ballads and dance tunes with generally simple forms, folk lyric and harmonies accompanied by mostly string instruments such as banjos, electric and acoustic guitars, steel guitars (such as pedal steels and dobros), and fiddles as well as harmonicas.", "Country music __knowledge__ Blues modes have been used extensively throughout its recorded history.", "Country music __knowledge__ According to Lindsey Starnes, the term \"country music\" gained popularity in the 1940s in preference to the earlier term \"hillbilly music\"; it came to encompass Western music, which evolved parallel to hillbilly music from similar roots, in the mid-20th century.", "Country music __knowledge__ In 2009, in the United States country music was the most listened to rush hour radio genre during the evening commute, and second most popular in the morning commute.", "Country music __knowledge__ The term \"country music\" is used today to describe many styles and subgenres.", "Country music __knowledge__ The origins of country music are the folk music of working class Americans, who blended popular songs, Irish and Celtic fiddle tunes, traditional English ballads, and cowboy songs, and various musical traditions from European immigrant communities.", "List of newspapers in the United Kingdom by circulation __knowledge__ At the start of the 19th century, the highest-circulation newspaper in the United Kingdom was the \"Morning Post\", which sold around 4,000 copies per day, twice the sales of its nearest rival.", "List of newspapers in the United Kingdom by circulation __knowledge__ As production methods improved, print runs increased, and newspapers were sold at lower prices.", "List of newspapers in the United Kingdom by circulation __knowledge__ By 1828, the \"Morning Herald\" was selling the most copies, but it was soon overtaken by \"The Times\".", "List of newspapers in the United Kingdom by circulation __knowledge__ Pubs would typically take in one or two papers for their customers to read, and through this method, by the 1850s the newspaper of the licensed trade, the \"Morning Advertiser\", had the second highest circulation.", "Diamond __knowledge__ Diamond ( or ) is a metastable allotrope of carbon, where the carbon atoms are arranged in a variation of the face-centered cubic crystal structure called a diamond lattice.", "Diamond __knowledge__ Diamond is less stable than graphite, but the conversion rate from diamond to graphite is negligible at standard conditions.", "Diamond __knowledge__ Diamond is renowned as a material with superlative physical qualities, most of which originate from the strong covalent bonding between its atoms.", "Diamond __knowledge__ In particular, diamond has the highest hardness and thermal conductivity of any bulk material.", "Diamond __knowledge__ Those properties determine the major industrial application of diamond in cutting and polishing tools and the scientific applications in diamond knives and diamond anvil cells.", "Medulloblastoma __knowledge__ Medulloblastoma () is the most common type of pediatric malignant primary brain tumor (cancer), originating in the part of the brain that is towards the back and the bottom, on the floor of the skull, in the cerebellum, or posterior fossa.", "Medulloblastoma __knowledge__ The brain is divided into two main parts, the larger cerebrum on top and the smaller cerebellum below towards the back.", "Medulloblastoma __knowledge__ They are separated by a membrane called the tentorium.", "Medulloblastoma __knowledge__ Tumors that originate in the cerebellum or the surrounding region below the tentorium are, therefore, called infratentorial.", "Medulloblastoma __knowledge__ Historically medulloblastomas have been classified as a primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET), but it is now known that medulloblastoma is distinct from supratentorial PNETs and are no longer considered similar entities.", "Cosmic ray __knowledge__ Cosmic rays are high-energy radiation, mainly originating outside the Solar System and even from distant galaxies.", "Cosmic ray __knowledge__ Upon impact with the Earth's atmosphere, cosmic rays can produce showers of secondary particles that sometimes reach the surface.", "Cosmic ray __knowledge__ Composed primarily of high-energy protons and atomic nuclei, they are of mysterious origin.", "Cosmic ray __knowledge__ Data from the Fermi Space Telescope (2013) have been interpreted as evidence that a significant fraction of primary cosmic rays originate from the supernova explosions of stars.", "Cosmic ray __knowledge__ Active galactic nuclei are also theorized to produce cosmic rays.", "Cosmic ray __knowledge__ The term \"ray\" is somewhat of a misnomer due to a historical accident, as cosmic rays were at first, and wrongly, thought to be mostly electromagnetic radiation.", "Olfactory tubercle __knowledge__ The olfactory tubercle (OT), also known as the tuberculum olfactorium, is a multi-sensory processing center that is contained within the olfactory cortex and ventral striatum and plays a role in reward cognition.", "Olfactory tubercle __knowledge__ OT has also been shown to play a role in locomotor and attentional behaviors, particularly in relation to social and sensory responsiveness, and it may be necessary for behavioral flexibility.", "Olfactory tubercle __knowledge__ The OT is interconnected with numerous brain regions, especially the sensory, arousal, and reward centers, thus making it a potentially critical interface between processing of sensory information and the subsequent behavioral responses.", "United States Congress __knowledge__ The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States consisting of two chambers: the Senate and the House of Representatives.", "United States Congress __knowledge__ The Congress meets in the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.", "United States Congress __knowledge__ Both senators and representatives are chosen through direct election, though vacancies in the Senate may be filled by a gubernatorial appointment.", "United States Congress __knowledge__ Congress has 535 voting members: 435 Representatives and 100 Senators.", "United States Congress __knowledge__ The House of Representatives has six non-voting members representing Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Washington, D.C. in addition to its 435 voting members.", "Eta Carinae __knowledge__ Eta Carinae (η Carinae, abbreviated to η Car), formerly known as Eta Argus, is a stellar system containing at least two stars with a combined luminosity greater than five million times that of the Sun, located around 7,500 light-years (2,300 parsecs) distant in the constellation Carina.", "Eta Carinae __knowledge__ Previously a 4th-magnitude star, it brightened in 1837 to become brighter than Rigel marking the start of the Great Eruption.", "Eta Carinae __knowledge__ Eta Carinae became the second-brightest star in the sky between 11 and 14 March 1843 before fading well below naked eye visibility after 1856.", "Eta Carinae __knowledge__ In a smaller eruption, it reached 6th magnitude in 1892 before fading again.", "Culture of the Southern United States __knowledge__ The culture of the Southern United States, or Southern culture, is a subculture of the United States.", "Culture of the Southern United States __knowledge__ The combination of its unique history and the fact that many Southerners maintain—and even nurture—an identity separate from the rest of the country has led to its being the most studied and written-about region of the U.S. Southern culture has been and remains generally more socially conservative than that of the rest of the country.", "Culture of the Southern United States __knowledge__ Because of the central role of agriculture in the antebellum economy, society remained stratified according to land ownership, and communities often developed strong attachment to their churches as the primary community institution.", "Disco __knowledge__ Disco is a musical style originating in the early 1970s.", "Disco __knowledge__ It began to emerge from America's urban nightlife scene, where it had been curtailed to house parties and makeshift discotheques from the middle of the decade onwards, after which, it began making regular mainstream appearances, gaining popularity and increasing airplay on radio.", "Disco __knowledge__ Its popularity was achieved sometime during the mid-1970s to the early 1980s.", "Disco __knowledge__ Its initial audiences in the U.S. were club-goers, both male and female, from the African American, Italian American, Latino, and psychedelic communities in Philadelphia, Chicago, San Francisco, and New York City during the late 1960s and early 1970s.", "Trace Adkins __knowledge__ Tracy Darrell Adkins (born January 13, 1962) is an American country singer, songwriter, and actor.", "Trace Adkins __knowledge__ In 1998, Adkins appeared on the PBS music program \"Austin City Limits\" (season 23).", "Trace Adkins __knowledge__ Adkins made his debut in 1996 with the album \"Dreamin' Out Loud\", released on Capitol Records Nashville.", "Trace Adkins __knowledge__ Since then, Adkins has released ten more studio albums and two Greatest Hits compilations.", "Trace Adkins __knowledge__ In addition, he has charted more than 20 singles on the \"Billboard\" country music charts, including the Number One hits \"(This Ain't) No Thinkin' Thing\", \"Ladies Love Country Boys\", and \"You're Gonna Miss This\", which peaked in 1997, 2007, and 2008, respectively.", "Blues __knowledge__ Blues is a music genre and musical form originated by African Americans in the Deep South of the United States around the end of the 19th century.", "Blues __knowledge__ The genre developed from roots in African musical traditions, African-American work songs, spirituals, and the folk music of white Americans of European heritage.", "Blues __knowledge__ Blues incorporated spirituals, work songs, field hollers, shouts, chants, and rhymed simple narrative ballads.", "Blues __knowledge__ The blues form, ubiquitous in jazz, rhythm and blues and rock and roll, is characterized by the call-and-response pattern, the blues scale and specific chord progressions, of which the twelve-bar blues is the most common.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ Hi-5 are an Australian children's musical group formed in 1998, who are associated with the children's television series of the same name.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ As of December 2016, the members are Lachie Dearing, Courtney Clarke, Shay Clifford, Joe Kalou and Bailey Spalding.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The group is aimed at preschoolers, composed of five performers who entertain and educate children through music, movement and play.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ \"Hi-5\" was created by Helena Harris and Posie Graeme-Evans, initially a television series for the Nine Network, which premiered in 1999.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The cast of the show became a recognised musical group for children.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The original members were Kellie Crawford, Kathleen de Leon Jones, Nathan Foley, Tim Harding and Charli Robinson.", "The Greencards __knowledge__ The Greencards are an American progressive bluegrass band that formed in 2003 in Austin, Texas, and relocated in 2005 to Nashville, Tennessee.", "The Greencards __knowledge__ The band was founded by Englishman Eamon McLoughlin and Australians Kym Warner and Carol Young.", "The Greencards __knowledge__ The musicians originally performed in local Austin bars, and soon found increasing acclaim.", "The Greencards __knowledge__ They have released one independent album, \"Movin' On\", in 2003, and two albums, \"Weather and Water\" and \"Viridian\", on the Dualtone record label.", "The Greencards __knowledge__ Their fourth album, \"Fascination\", was released on Sugar Hill in 2009.", "The Greencards __knowledge__ Their fifth album, \"The Brick Album\" (2011), was self-produced with the direct support of their fans." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Country music __knowledge__ Country (or country and western) is a musical genre that originated in the southern United States in the early 1920s.", "Country music __knowledge__ It takes its roots from genres such as folk music (especially Appalachian folk music) and blues.", "Country music __knowledge__ Country music often consists of ballads and dance tunes with generally simple forms, folk lyric and harmonies accompanied by mostly string instruments such as banjos, electric and acoustic guitars, steel guitars (such as pedal steels and dobros), and fiddles as well as harmonicas.", "Country music __knowledge__ Blues modes have been used extensively throughout its recorded history.", "Country music __knowledge__ According to Lindsey Starnes, the term \"country music\" gained popularity in the 1940s in preference to the earlier term \"hillbilly music\"; it came to encompass Western music, which evolved parallel to hillbilly music from similar roots, in the mid-20th century.", "Country music __knowledge__ In 2009, in the United States country music was the most listened to rush hour radio genre during the evening commute, and second most popular in the morning commute.", "Country music __knowledge__ The term \"country music\" is used today to describe many styles and subgenres.", "Country music __knowledge__ The origins of country music are the folk music of working class Americans, who blended popular songs, Irish and Celtic fiddle tunes, traditional English ballads, and cowboy songs, and various musical traditions from European immigrant communities.", "Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ Carrie Marie Underwood (born March 10, 1983) is an American country singer, songwriter, and actress.", "Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ She rose to fame as the winner of the fourth season of \"American Idol\", in 2005.", "Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ Her debut album, \"Some Hearts\", was released in 2005.", "Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ Bolstered by the huge crossover success of the singles \"Jesus, Take the Wheel\" and \"Before He Cheats\", it became the best-selling solo female debut album in country music history, the fastest-selling debut country album in Nielsen SoundScan history and the best-selling country album of the last 14 years.", "Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ Underwood won three Grammy Awards for the album, including Best New Artist.", "2010s in music __knowledge__ This article describes trends in popular music in the 2010s.", "2010s in music __knowledge__ See also: 2010s in the music industry.", "2010s in music __knowledge__ The melismatic vocals mainstream during the 1990s and 2000s in pop and contemporary R&B lost favor by mid-late 2009, as vocally lower key artists, including Katy Perry, Taylor Swift and Rihanna, started to outsell new releases by perennial melismatic favorites, Mariah Carey and Christina Aguilera.", "2010s in music __knowledge__ By the mid-2010s, the style of vocals popular in indie pop have become immensely widespread among pop instrumentalists as they are commonly used by younger artists, like Lorde and Birdy.", "2010s in music __knowledge__ Traditional instruments, such as the mandolin, dulcimer, ukulele, banjo, and accordion, have been utilized more often, especially in indie rock musicians and singer songwriters, including Mumford and Sons, Vance Joy, Phillip Phillips, and The Lumineers, along with country players, such as Kacey Musgraves, Granger Smith and Zac Brown Band.", "Connie Smith __knowledge__ Connie Smith (born Constance June Meador; August 14, 1941) is an American country music artist.", "Connie Smith __knowledge__ Active since 1964, Smith is widely considered to be one of the genre's best female vocalists.", "Connie Smith __knowledge__ She has earned 11 Grammy award nominations, 20 top ten \"Billboard\" country singles, and 31 charting albums, three of which have hit number one.", "Connie Smith __knowledge__ On October 21, 2012, Smith became the 12th solo female vocalist and 19th woman to be elected to the Country Music Hall of Fame.", "Connie Smith __knowledge__ Smith has an estimated net worth of $18 million.", "Connie Smith __knowledge__ Despite her success, Smith is considered by some music critics to be one of the most underrated vocalists in country music history due to the decision not to pursue super stardom with the non-country general media market like such contemporaries as Loretta Lynn, Dolly Parton, and Tammy Wynette.", "Teen Choice Award for Choice Music – Country Artist __knowledge__ The following is a list of Teen Choice Award winners and nominees for Choice Music – Country Artist.", "Teen Choice Award for Choice Music – Country Artist __knowledge__ Formally awarded as three separate categories from 2010 to 2014: Choice Music – Country Group, Choice Music – Male Country Artist and Choice Music – Female Country Artist.", "Teen Choice Award for Choice Music – Country Artist __knowledge__ Beginning in 2015, the country genre was condensed from three categories to one, renamed Choice Country Artist.", "Teen Choice Award for Choice Music – Country Artist __knowledge__ Taylor Swift and Lady Antebellum are the most awarded artists in this category with five wins each.", "Teen Choice Award for Choice Music – Country Artist __knowledge__ Lady Antebellum has won the most times for Choice Music - Country Group, with five wins.", "Teen Choice Award for Choice Music – Country Artist __knowledge__ Hunter Hayes has won the most times for Choice Music - Male Country Artist, taking home three wins.", "Once a Day __knowledge__ \"Once a Day\" is a song written by Bill Anderson and recorded as the debut single by American country artist Connie Smith.", "Once a Day __knowledge__ It was produced by Bob Ferguson for her self-titled debut album.", "Once a Day __knowledge__ The song was released in August 1964, topping the \"Billboard\" country music chart for eight weeks between late 1964 and early 1965.", "Once a Day __knowledge__ It was the first debut single by a female country artist to reach number one, and held the record for the most weeks spent at number one by a female country artist until it was surpassed by Taylor Swift's \"We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together\" in December 2012.", "Once a Day __knowledge__ This song peaked at number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart for the week of November 28, 1964, and it stayed at number one for eight consecutive weeks.", "Blake Shelton __knowledge__ Blake Tollison Shelton (born June 18, 1976) is an American country singer-songwriter and television personality.", "Blake Shelton __knowledge__ In 2001, he made his debut with the single \"Austin\".", "Blake Shelton __knowledge__ The lead-off single from his self-titled debut album, \"Austin\" spent five weeks at number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart.", "Blake Shelton __knowledge__ The now Platinum-certified debut album also produced two more top 20 entries (\"All Over Me\" and \"Ol' Red\").", "Blake Shelton __knowledge__ Although the album was released on Giant Records Nashville, he was transferred to Warner Bros. Records Nashville after Giant closed in late 2001.", "Blake Shelton __knowledge__ His second and third albums, 2003's \"The Dreamer\" and 2004's \"Blake Shelton's Barn & Grill\", are gold and platinum, respectively.", "Appalachian music __knowledge__ Appalachian music is the music of the region of Appalachia in the Eastern United States.", "Appalachian music __knowledge__ It is derived from various European and African influences, including English ballads, Irish and Scottish traditional music (especially fiddle music), hymns, and African-American blues.", "Appalachian music __knowledge__ First recorded in the 1920s, Appalachian musicians were a key influence on the early development of Old-time music, country music, and bluegrass, and were an important part of the American folk music revival of the 1960s.", "Appalachian music __knowledge__ Instruments typically used to perform Appalachian music include the banjo, American fiddle, fretted dulcimer, and guitar.", "Folk music __knowledge__ Folk music includes both traditional music and the genre that evolved from it during the 20th century folk revival.", "Folk music __knowledge__ The term originated in the 19th century, but is often applied to music older than that.", "Folk music __knowledge__ Some types of folk music are also called world music.", "Folk music __knowledge__ Traditional folk music has been defined in several ways: as music transmitted orally, music with unknown composers, or music performed by custom over a long period of time.", "Folk music __knowledge__ It has been contrasted with commercial and classical styles.", "Folk music __knowledge__ Starting in the mid-20th century, a new form of popular folk music evolved from traditional folk music.", "Folk music __knowledge__ This process and period is called the (second) folk revival and reached a zenith in the 1960s.", "Old-time music __knowledge__ Old-time music is a genre of North American folk music.", "Old-time music __knowledge__ It developed along with various North American folk dances, such as square dancing, clogging, and buck dancing.", "Old-time music __knowledge__ It is played on acoustic instruments, generally centering on a combination of fiddle and plucked string instruments (most often the guitar and banjo), as well as the mandolin.", "Old-time music __knowledge__ Reflecting the cultures that settled North America, the roots of old-time music are in the traditional musics of the British Isles (primarily English and Scottish), Ireland and Africa.", "Old-time music __knowledge__ African influences include the banjo.", "Old-time music __knowledge__ In some regions French and German sources are also prominent.", "Music history of the United States __knowledge__ The music history of the United States includes many styles of folk, popular and classical music.", "Music history of the United States __knowledge__ Some of the best-known genres of American music are blues, rock and roll, and country.", "Music history of the United States __knowledge__ The history began with the Native Americans, the first people to populate North America.", "Music history of the United States __knowledge__ The music of these people was highly varied in form, and was mostly religious in purpose.", "Music history of the United States __knowledge__ With the colonization of America from European countries like France, Spain, Scotland, England, Ireland, and Wales came Christian choirs, musical notation, broadsides, as well as West African slaves.", "Music history of the United States __knowledge__ West African slaves played a variety of instruments, especially drums and string instruments similar to the banjo.", "American folk music __knowledge__ The term American folk music encompasses numerous music genres, variously known as traditional music, traditional folk music, contemporary folk music, or roots music.", "American folk music __knowledge__ Many traditional songs have been sung within the same family or folk group for generations, and sometimes trace back to such origins as Great Britain, Europe, or Africa.", "American folk music __knowledge__ Mike Seeger once famously commented that the definition of American folk music is \"...all the music that fits between the cracks.\"", "American folk music __knowledge__ Roots music is a broad category of music including bluegrass, gospel, old time music, jug bands, Appalachian folk, blues, Cajun and Native American music.", "Roots revival __knowledge__ A roots revival (folk revival) is a trend which includes young performers popularizing the traditional musical styles of their ancestors.", "Roots revival __knowledge__ Often, roots revivals include an addition of newly composed songs with socially and politically aware lyrics, as well as a general modernization of the folk sound.", "Roots revival __knowledge__ The term \"roots revival\" is vague, and may not always refer to identical events.", "Roots revival __knowledge__ Characteristics associated with a roots revival include: With such a vague and variable definition, \"roots revival\" could be seen as referring to the creation of any kind of pop music industry, though there are countries with well-developed pop traditions that have not had a period referred to as a roots revival (such as Jamaica, India, Cuba and Kenya).", "Loraine Wyman __knowledge__ (Julie) Loraine Wyman (October 23, 1885 – September 11, 1937) was an American soprano, noted for her concert performances of folk songs, some of which she collected herself from traditional singers in field work.", "Loraine Wyman __knowledge__ Paul J. Stamler has called Wyman \"the first real practitioner of the urban folk revival.\"", "Loraine Wyman __knowledge__ Her mother, Julie Moran Wyman (1860-1907) was from Joliet, Illinois, near Chicago.", "Loraine Wyman __knowledge__ She possessed a mezzo-soprano voice described as a \"marvel\" and had a successful career as an opera singer.", "Loraine Wyman __knowledge__ On 2 April 1880 Julie Moran married Walter C. Wyman (1850-1927), a \"coal merchant\", \"society man\", and collector and dealer in Native American anthropological artifacts." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Country music __knowledge__ Country (or country and western) is a musical genre that originated in the southern United States in the early 1920s.", "Country music __knowledge__ It takes its roots from genres such as folk music (especially Appalachian folk music) and blues.", "Country music __knowledge__ Country music often consists of ballads and dance tunes with generally simple forms, folk lyric and harmonies accompanied by mostly string instruments such as banjos, electric and acoustic guitars, steel guitars (such as pedal steels and dobros), and fiddles as well as harmonicas.", "Country music __knowledge__ Blues modes have been used extensively throughout its recorded history.", "Country music __knowledge__ According to Lindsey Starnes, the term \"country music\" gained popularity in the 1940s in preference to the earlier term \"hillbilly music\"; it came to encompass Western music, which evolved parallel to hillbilly music from similar roots, in the mid-20th century.", "Country music __knowledge__ In 2009, in the United States country music was the most listened to rush hour radio genre during the evening commute, and second most popular in the morning commute.", "Country music __knowledge__ The term \"country music\" is used today to describe many styles and subgenres.", "Country music __knowledge__ The origins of country music are the folk music of working class Americans, who blended popular songs, Irish and Celtic fiddle tunes, traditional English ballads, and cowboy songs, and various musical traditions from European immigrant communities.", "African Americans in Omaha, Nebraska __knowledge__ African Americans in Omaha, Nebraska are central to the development and growth of the 43rd largest city in the United States.", "African Americans in Omaha, Nebraska __knowledge__ The first free black settler in the city arrived in 1854, the year the city was incorporated.", "African Americans in Omaha, Nebraska __knowledge__ In 1894 black residents of Omaha organized the first fair in the United States for African-American exhibitors and attendees.", "African Americans in Omaha, Nebraska __knowledge__ The 2000 US Census recorded 51,910 African Americans as living in Omaha (over 13% of the city's population).", "African Americans in Omaha, Nebraska __knowledge__ In the 19th century, the growing city of Omaha attracted ambitious people making new lives, such as Dr. Matthew Ricketts was the first African American to graduate from a Nebraska college or university, and Silas Robbins was the first African American to be admitted to the bar in Nebraska.", "Military history of African Americans __knowledge__ The military history of African Americans spans from the arrival of the first enslaved Africans during the colonial history of the United States to the present day.", "Military history of African Americans __knowledge__ In every war fought by or within the United States, African Americans participated, including the Revolutionary War, the War of 1812, the Mexican–American War, the Civil War, the Spanish–American War, the World Wars, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Gulf War, and the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq as well as other minor conflicts.", "Military history of African Americans __knowledge__ African-Americans as slaves and free blacks served on both sides during the war.", "Military history of African Americans __knowledge__ Gary Nash reports that recent research concludes there were about 9000 black Patriot soldiers, counting the Continental Army and Navy, and state militia units, as well as privateers, wagoneers in the Army, servants to officers, and spies.", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ Elvis Aaron Presley (January 8, 1935 – August 16, 1977) was an American singer, musician, and actor.", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ Regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century, he is often referred to as the \"King of Rock and Roll\" or simply \"the King\".", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, and relocated to Memphis, Tennessee, with his family when he was 13 years old.", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ His music career began there in 1954, recording at Sun Records with producer Sam Phillips, who wanted to bring the sound of African American music to a wider audience.", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ Accompanied by guitarist Scotty Moore and bassist Bill Black, Presley was a pioneer of rockabilly, an uptempo, backbeat-driven fusion of country music and rhythm and blues.", "African Americans __knowledge__ African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans or Afro-Americans) are an ethnic group of Americans with total or partial ancestry from any of the black racial groups of Africa.", "African Americans __knowledge__ This term may also be used to include only those individuals who are descended from enslaved Africans.", "African Americans __knowledge__ As a compound adjective, the term is usually hyphenated as African-American.", "African Americans __knowledge__ Black and African Americans constitute the third largest racial and ethnic group in the United States (after White Americans and Hispanic and Latino Americans).", "African Americans __knowledge__ Most African Americans are descendants of enslaved peoples within the boundaries of the present United States.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The music of the United States reflects the country's multi-ethnic population through a diverse array of styles.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ It is a mixture of music influenced by West African, Irish, Scottish and mainland European among others.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The country's most internationally renowned genres are jazz, blues, country, bluegrass, rock, rhythm and blues, soul, ragtime, hip hop, barbershop, pop, experimental, techno, house, dance, boogaloo, salsa, and rock and roll.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The United States has the world's largest music market with a total retail value of 4,898.3 million dollars in 2014, and its music is heard around the world.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ Since the beginning of the 20th century, some forms of American popular music have gained a near global audience.", "African Americans in foreign policy __knowledge__ African-Americans in foreign policy in the United States catalogs distinguished African Americans who have and continue to contribute to international development, diplomacy, and defense through their work with the U.S. Department of State, the U.S. Agency for International Development, the U.S. Information Agency, and the U.S. Congress, and other notable agencies and non-governmental organizations.", "African Americans in foreign policy __knowledge__ The creators acknowledge the presence of the interagency contributions to the foreign affairs realm, and welcome additional content to showcase the achievements of African-Americans in other relevant USG agencies.", "Rush hour __knowledge__ A rush hour (American English, British English) is a part of the day during which traffic congestion on roads and crowding on public transport is at its highest.", "Rush hour __knowledge__ Normally, this happens twice every weekday—once in the morning and once in the afternoon or evening, the times during which the most people commute.", "Rush hour __knowledge__ The term is often used for a period of peak congestion that may last for more than one hour.", "Rush hour __knowledge__ The term is very broad, but often refers specifically to private automobile transportation traffic, even when there is a large volume of cars on a road but not a large number of people, or if the volume is normal but there is some disruption of speed.", "Rush Hour (film series) __knowledge__ The \"Rush Hour\" film series is a series of three Chinese-American martial arts/action-comedy buddy cop films created by Ross LaManna, directed by Brett Ratner, and distributed by New Line Cinema.", "Rush Hour (film series) __knowledge__ All three films center on a pair of police detectives: a Hong Kong Police Force inspector and an American LAPD detective (portrayed by Jackie Chan and Chris Tucker) who go on a series of misadventures often involving corrupt crime figures.", "Rush Hour (film series) __knowledge__ The films were released theatrically between 1998 and 2007, and have achieved commercial success and incorporate elements of martial arts, humor, and the buddy cop subgenre.", "List of genres __knowledge__ This is a list of genres of literature and entertainment, excluding .", "List of genres __knowledge__ Genre is the term for any category of literature or other forms of art or entertainment, e.g.", "List of genres __knowledge__ music, whether written or spoken, audio or visual, based on some set of stylistic criteria.", "List of genres __knowledge__ Genres are formed by conventions that change over time as new genres are invented and the use of old ones are discontinued.", "List of genres __knowledge__ Often, works fit into multiple genres by way of borrowing and recombining these conventions.", "List of genres __knowledge__ Absurdist and surreal fiction challenges causal reasoning and the purposefulness of life.", "List of genres __knowledge__ There is often, though not always, a connection to comedy.", "Rush Hour 2 __knowledge__ Rush Hour 2 is a 2001 martial arts buddy action comedy film and the sequel to the 1998 film \"Rush Hour\".", "Rush Hour 2 __knowledge__ Shifting the primary location from Los Angeles to Hong Kong, the film follows characters Inspector Lee (Jackie Chan) and James Carter (Chris Tucker) involved in a counterfeit scam involving the Triad.", "Rush Hour 2 __knowledge__ \"Rush Hour 2\" was released on August 3, 2001 and surpassed its predecessor, earning $347,325,902 in total.", "Rush Hour 2 __knowledge__ It became the 5th highest grossing domestic film of 2001 and is the highest grossing martial arts film.", "Rush Hour 2 __knowledge__ The film, however, received mixed reception.", "Rush Hour 2 __knowledge__ Four days after the events of \"Rush Hour\", LAPD Detective James Carter is on vacation in Hong Kong visiting his friend, Hong Kong Police Force Chief Inspector Lee, as he was asked to vacation along with Lee after helping save the Chinese Consul's Han daughter, Soo Yung, in Los Angeles.", "List of former Metro Local routes __knowledge__ Former Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority Metro Local routes in Los Angeles County, California.", "List of former Metro Local routes __knowledge__ Line 1 was retired in June 1999; alternatives include Lines 180, 181, 217, and 780 along Hollywood Boulevard, and Lines 2 and 302 along Sunset Boulevard.", "List of former Metro Local routes __knowledge__ Line 3 was cancelled in June 2003; alternatives include Lines 2, 14, and 302.", "List of former Metro Local routes __knowledge__ Line 11 was cancelled in June 2007; the majority of the route was duplicated by the route of Line 10.", "List of former Metro Local routes __knowledge__ Line 21 was cancelled in June 2007.", "List of former Metro Local routes __knowledge__ Line 22 was canceled in June 2003; replaced by Lines 20, 720 and Santa Monica Transit Line 4.", "List of former Metro Local routes __knowledge__ Line 26 was cancelled in June 2011.", "Rush Hour 3 __knowledge__ Rush Hour 3 is a 2007 American martial arts/buddy action comedy film and the third film in the \"Rush Hour\" series, starring Jackie Chan and Chris Tucker.", "Rush Hour 3 __knowledge__ The film was officially announced on May 7, 2006, and filming began on July 4, 2006.", "Rush Hour 3 __knowledge__ The film is set in Paris and Los Angeles.", "Rush Hour 3 __knowledge__ Released on August 10, 2007, \"Rush Hour 3\" received negative reviews, and grossed $258 million worldwide against an $140 million budget.", "Rush Hour 3 __knowledge__ Three years after the events of \"Rush Hour 2\", In Los Angeles, Chinese Ambassador Solon Han, with Hong Kong Police Force Chief Inspector Lee as his bodyguard, addresses the importance of fighting the Triads at the World Criminal Court, announcing that he may know the whereabouts of Shy Shen, a semi-mythical individual of great importance to the Chinese mob." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Country music __knowledge__ Country (or country and western) is a musical genre that originated in the southern United States in the early 1920s.", "Country music __knowledge__ It takes its roots from genres such as folk music (especially Appalachian folk music) and blues.", "Country music __knowledge__ Country music often consists of ballads and dance tunes with generally simple forms, folk lyric and harmonies accompanied by mostly string instruments such as banjos, electric and acoustic guitars, steel guitars (such as pedal steels and dobros), and fiddles as well as harmonicas.", "Country music __knowledge__ Blues modes have been used extensively throughout its recorded history.", "Country music __knowledge__ According to Lindsey Starnes, the term \"country music\" gained popularity in the 1940s in preference to the earlier term \"hillbilly music\"; it came to encompass Western music, which evolved parallel to hillbilly music from similar roots, in the mid-20th century.", "Country music __knowledge__ In 2009, in the United States country music was the most listened to rush hour radio genre during the evening commute, and second most popular in the morning commute.", "Country music __knowledge__ The term \"country music\" is used today to describe many styles and subgenres.", "Country music __knowledge__ The origins of country music are the folk music of working class Americans, who blended popular songs, Irish and Celtic fiddle tunes, traditional English ballads, and cowboy songs, and various musical traditions from European immigrant communities.", "Hip-hop dance __knowledge__ Hip-hop dance refers to street dance styles primarily performed to hip-hop music or that have evolved as part of hip-hop culture.", "Hip-hop dance __knowledge__ It includes a wide range of styles primarily breaking which was created in the 1970s and made popular by dance crews in the United States.", "Hip-hop dance __knowledge__ The television show \"Soul Train\" and the 1980s films \"Breakin'\", \"Beat Street\", and \"Wild Style\" showcased these crews and dance styles in their early stages; therefore, giving hip-hop mainstream exposure.", "Hip-hop dance __knowledge__ The dance industry responded with a commercial, studio-based version of hip-hop—sometimes called \"new style\"—and a hip-hop influenced style of jazz dance called \"jazz-funk\".", "Disco __knowledge__ Disco is a musical style originating in the early 1970s.", "Disco __knowledge__ It began to emerge from America's urban nightlife scene, where it had been curtailed to house parties and makeshift discotheques from the middle of the decade onwards, after which, it began making regular mainstream appearances, gaining popularity and increasing airplay on radio.", "Disco __knowledge__ Its popularity was achieved sometime during the mid-1970s to the early 1980s.", "Disco __knowledge__ Its initial audiences in the U.S. were club-goers, both male and female, from the African American, Italian American, Latino, and psychedelic communities in Philadelphia, Chicago, San Francisco, and New York City during the late 1960s and early 1970s.", "History of hip-hop dance __knowledge__ The History of Hip-Hop dance encompasses the people and events since the late 1960s that have contributed to the development of the early hip-hop dance moves, such as uprock, breaking, locking, roboting, boogaloo, and popping.", "History of hip-hop dance __knowledge__ Black Americans and Latino Americans created uprock and breaking in New York City.", "History of hip-hop dance __knowledge__ Black Americans in California created locking, roboting, boogaloo, and popping—collectively referred to as the \"funk styles\".", "History of hip-hop dance __knowledge__ All of these dance styles are different stylistically.", "History of hip-hop dance __knowledge__ They share common ground in their street origins and in their improvisational nature.", "History of hip-hop dance __knowledge__ More than 50 years old, hip-hop dance became widely known after the first professional street-based dance crews formed in the 1970s in the United States.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time.", "Music __knowledge__ The common elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, meter, and articulation), dynamics (loudness and softness), and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture (which are sometimes termed the \"color\" of a musical sound).", "Music __knowledge__ Different styles or types of music may emphasize, de-emphasize or omit some of these elements.", "Music __knowledge__ Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping; there are solely instrumental pieces, solely vocal pieces (such as songs without instrumental accompaniment) and pieces that combine singing and instruments.", "American popular music __knowledge__ American popular music has had a profound effect on music across the world.", "American popular music __knowledge__ The country has seen the rise of popular styles that have had a significant influence on global culture, including ragtime, blues, jazz, swing, rock, bluegrass, country, R&B, doo wop, gospel, soul, funk, heavy metal, punk, disco, house, techno, salsa, grunge and hip hop.", "American popular music __knowledge__ In addition, the American music industry is quite diverse, supporting a number of regional styles such as zydeco, klezmer and slack-key.", "American popular music __knowledge__ Distinctive styles of American popular music emerged early in the 19th century, and in the 20th century the American music industry developed a series of new forms of music, using elements of blues and other genres of American folk music.", "Persian dance __knowledge__ Persian dance or Iranian dance (Persian:رقص ایرانی) refers to the dance styles indigenous to Iran.", "Persian dance __knowledge__ Genres of dance in Iran vary depending on the area, culture, and language of the local people, and can range from sophisticated reconstructions of refined court dances to energetic folk dances.", "Persian dance __knowledge__ The population of Iran includes many ethnicities, such as Kurds, Azerbaijanis, Turkmen, Jews, Armenian, Georgian peoples, in addition to numerous Iranian tribal groups which can be found within the borders of modern-day Iran.", "Persian dance __knowledge__ Each group, region, and historical epoch has specific dance styles associated with it.", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ Elvis Aaron Presley (January 8, 1935 – August 16, 1977) was an American singer, musician, and actor.", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ Regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century, he is often referred to as the \"King of Rock and Roll\" or simply \"the King\".", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, and relocated to Memphis, Tennessee, with his family when he was 13 years old.", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ His music career began there in 1954, recording at Sun Records with producer Sam Phillips, who wanted to bring the sound of African American music to a wider audience.", "Elvis Presley __knowledge__ Accompanied by guitarist Scotty Moore and bassist Bill Black, Presley was a pioneer of rockabilly, an uptempo, backbeat-driven fusion of country music and rhythm and blues.", "Joseph A. Tunzi __knowledge__ Joseph Anthony Tunzi (born July 25, 1953) is a Chicago, Illinois-based author, publisher, and producer.", "Joseph A. Tunzi __knowledge__ He has been described as \"a renowned author from Chicago\" and \"one of the foremost authorities on Elvis Presley,\" authoring, self-publishing, and producing over fifty titles about Presley for the past thirty years.", "Joseph A. Tunzi __knowledge__ Tunzi has also compiled a massive photo archive, from which he licenses photographs of Presley.", "Joseph A. Tunzi __knowledge__ Adam Victor referred to Tunzi in his 2008 publication, \"The Elvis Encyclopedia\" as \"one of the world's most prolific Elvis authors, with more than twenty books to his name, specializing in photo books about specific events and tours through his own publishing operation, J.A.T.", "Hound Dog (song) __knowledge__ \"Hound Dog\" is a twelve-bar blues song written by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller.", "Hound Dog (song) __knowledge__ Recorded originally by Willie Mae \"Big Mama\" Thornton on August 13, 1952, in Los Angeles and released by Peacock Records in late February 1953, \"Hound Dog\" was Thornton's only hit record, selling over 500,000 copies, spending 14 weeks in the R&B charts, including seven weeks at number one.", "Hound Dog (song) __knowledge__ Thornton's recording of \"Hound Dog\" is listed as one of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's \"500 Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll\", and was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in February 2013.", "Hound Dog (song) __knowledge__ \"Hound Dog\" has been recorded more than 250 times.", "DeFord Bailey __knowledge__ DeFord Bailey (December 14, 1899 – July 2, 1982) was an American country music and blues star from the 1920s until 1941.", "DeFord Bailey __knowledge__ He was the first performer to be introduced on the Grand Ole Opry and the first African-American performer on the show.", "DeFord Bailey __knowledge__ He played several instruments but is best known for his harmonica tunes.", "DeFord Bailey __knowledge__ A grandson of slaves, Bailey was born near the Bellwood community in Smith County, Tennessee, and learned to play the harmonica at the age of three, when he contracted polio (or, as it was called at the time, infantile paralysis).", "DeFord Bailey __knowledge__ He was confined to bed for a year, during which he began developing his distinctive style of playing.", "Rockabilly __knowledge__ Rockabilly is one of the earliest styles of rock and roll music, dating back to the early 1950s in the United States, especially the South.", "Rockabilly __knowledge__ As a genre it blends the sound of Western musical styles such as country with that of rhythm and blues, leading to what is considered \"classic\" rock and roll.", "Rockabilly __knowledge__ Some have also described it as a blend of bluegrass with rock and roll.", "Rockabilly __knowledge__ The term \"rockabilly\" itself is a portmanteau of \"rock\" (from \"rock 'n' roll\") and \"hillbilly\", the latter a reference to the country music (often called \"hillbilly music\" in the 1940s and 1950s) that contributed strongly to the style.", "Colonel Tom Parker __knowledge__ Thomas Andrew \"Colonel Tom\" Parker (born Andreas Cornelis van Kuijk; June 26, 1909 – January 21, 1997) was the Dutch-born American manager of Elvis Presley.", "Colonel Tom Parker __knowledge__ His success with Presley defined the role of masterminding talent management, which involved every facet of the client's life and was seen as central to the success of Presley's career.", "Colonel Tom Parker __knowledge__ Parker's exceptionally high earnings have led some to question whether it came at the detriment of his client.", "Colonel Tom Parker __knowledge__ While other managers took compensation in the range of 1015 percent of earnings, Parker took as much as 50 percent toward the end of Presley's life.", "Lisa Marie Presley __knowledge__ Lisa Marie Presley (born February 1, 1968) is an American singer-songwriter.", "Lisa Marie Presley __knowledge__ She is the only child of singer and actor Elvis Presley and actress and business magnate Priscilla Presley.", "Lisa Marie Presley __knowledge__ Sole heir to her father's estate, she has developed a career in the music business and has issued three albums.", "Lisa Marie Presley __knowledge__ Presley has been married four times, including to singer Michael Jackson and actor Nicolas Cage, before marrying music producer Michael Lockwood, father of her twin girls.", "Lisa Marie Presley __knowledge__ Lisa Marie was born on February 1, 1968, to Elvis and Priscilla Presley at Baptist Memorial Hospital in Memphis, Tennessee, nine months to the day after her parents' May 1, 1967, wedding." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 6, 18, 3 ]

[ "Hi! I love country music! It originated in the southern United States, just like me!", "Unlike me, it originated in the 1920s from Appalachian Folk music.", "I don't know the most popular artist, but country is the most popular rush hour radio genre, so all of them are pretty popular.", "That is actually debatable, but DeFord Bailey is a contender who went on to influence Elvis Presley and many others in music.", "I think that the most popular dance has to be the Two-Step, while the most popular instruments are guitar, banjo, fiddle and harmonica." ]

[ "Country music", "Country music", "Country music", "Country music", "Country music" ]

[ "Red wine\nwhat is red wine made from?", "what year was red wine first discovered?", "ok nice, which country produces the most red wines in the world?", "thanks for making me know more about the red wine" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Red wine __knowledge__ Red wine is a type of wine made from dark-colored (black) grape varieties.", "Red wine __knowledge__ The actual color of the wine can range from intense violet, typical of young wines, through to brick red for mature wines and brown for older red wines.", "Red wine __knowledge__ The juice from most purple grapes is greenish-white; the red color comes from anthocyan pigments (also called anthocyanins) present in the skin of the grape; exceptions are the relatively uncommon teinturier varieties, which produce a red colored juice.", "Red wine __knowledge__ Much of the red-wine production process therefore involves extraction of color and flavor components from the grape skin.", "Red wine __knowledge__ The first step in red wine production, after picking, involves physical processing of the grapes.", "Red wine __knowledge__ Hand-picked or machine-harvested grapes are usually tipped into a receival bin when they arrive at the winery and conveyed by a screw mechanism to the grape-processing equipment.", "Red wine __knowledge__ On arrival at the winery there is usually a mixture of individual berries, whole bunches (particularly with hand-picked grapes), stems, and leaves.", "Red wine __knowledge__ The presence of stems during fermentation can lead to a bitter taste in the wine, and the purpose of destemming is to separate grapes from the stems and leaves.", "Red wine __knowledge__ Mechanical de-stemmers usually consist of a rotating cage perforated with grape-sized holes.", "Rosé __knowledge__ A rosé (from French \"rosé\"; also known as \"rosado\" in Portugal and Spanish-speaking countries and \"rosato\" in Italy) is a type of wine that incorporates some of the color from the grape skins, but not enough to qualify it as a red wine.", "Rosé __knowledge__ It may be the oldest known type of wine, as it is the most straightforward to make with the skin contact method.", "Rosé __knowledge__ The pink color can range from a pale \"onion-skin\" orange to a vivid near-purple, depending on the varietals used and winemaking techniques.", "Rosé __knowledge__ There are three major ways to produce rosé wine: skin contact, saignée, and blending.", "Rosé __knowledge__ Rosé wines can be made still, semi-sparkling or sparkling and with a wide range of sweetness levels from highly dry Provençal rosé to sweet White Zinfandels and blushes.", "Straw wine __knowledge__ Straw wine, or raisin wine, is a wine made from grapes that have been dried to concentrate their juice.", "Straw wine __knowledge__ The result is similar to that of the ice wine process, but suitable for warmer climates.", "Straw wine __knowledge__ The classic method dries clusters of grapes on mats of straw in the sun, but some regions dry them under cover, on roofs, or on modern racks, while some hang up the grapes or leave them to dry on the vine.", "Straw wine __knowledge__ The technique dates back to pre-Roman times, and most production of these wines has been in Northern Italy, Greece, and the French Alps.", "Straw wine __knowledge__ However producers in other areas are now starting to experiment with the method.", "Slovenian wine __knowledge__ Slovenian wine is wine from Slovenia.", "Slovenian wine __knowledge__ Viticulture and winemaking has existed in this region since the time of the Celts and Illyrians tribes, long before the Romans would introduce winemaking to the lands of France, Spain and Germany.", "Slovenian wine __knowledge__ Today Slovenia has more than 28,000 wineries making between 80 and 90 million litres annually from the country's 22,300 ha of vineyards.", "Slovenian wine __knowledge__ About 75% of the country's production is white wine.", "Slovenian wine __knowledge__ Almost all of the wine is consumed domestically with only 6.1 million l a year being exported—mostly to the United States, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, and lately the Czech Republic.", "Zinfandel __knowledge__ Zinfandel (also known as Primitivo) is a variety of black-skinned wine grape.", "Zinfandel __knowledge__ The variety is grown in over 10 percent of California vineyards.", "Zinfandel __knowledge__ DNA analysis has revealed that it is genetically equivalent to the Croatian grapes Crljenak Kaštelanski and Tribidrag, as well as to the Primitivo variety traditionally grown in Apulia (the \"heel\" of Italy), where it was introduced in the 18th century.", "Zinfandel __knowledge__ The grape found its way to the United States in the mid-19th century, where it became known by variations of the name \"Zinfandel\", a name which is probably of Austrian origin.", "Zinfandel __knowledge__ The grapes typically produce a robust red wine, although in the United States a semi-sweet rosé (blush-style) wine called White Zinfandel has six times as many sales as the red wine.", "Merlot __knowledge__ Merlot is a dark blue-colored wine grape variety, that is used as both a blending grape and for varietal wines.", "Merlot __knowledge__ The name \"Merlot\" is thought to be a diminutive of \"merle\", the French name for the blackbird, probably a reference to the color of the grape.", "Merlot __knowledge__ Its softness and \"fleshiness\", combined with its earlier ripening, makes Merlot a popular grape for blending with the sterner, later-ripening Cabernet Sauvignon, which tends to be higher in tannin.", "Merlot __knowledge__ Along with Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Malbec and Petit Verdot, Merlot is one of the primary grapes used in Bordeaux wine, and it is the most widely planted grape in the Bordeaux wine regions.", "Bordeaux wine regions __knowledge__ The wine regions of Bordeaux are a large number of wine growing areas, differing widely in size and sometimes overlapping, which lie within the overarching wine region of Bordeaux, centred on the city of Bordeaux and covering the whole area of the Gironde department of Aquitaine.", "Bordeaux wine regions __knowledge__ The Bordeaux region is naturally divided by the Gironde Estuary into a Left Bank area which includes the Médoc and Graves and a Right Bank area which includes the Libournais, Bourg and Blaye.", "Bordeaux wine regions __knowledge__ The Médoc is itself divided into Haut-Médoc (the upstream or southern portion) and Bas-Médoc (the downstream or northern portion, often referred to simply as \"Médoc\").", "Sparkling wine __knowledge__ Sparkling wine is a wine with significant levels of carbon dioxide in it, making it fizzy.", "Sparkling wine __knowledge__ The best known example of a sparkling wine is champagne, which is exclusively produced in the Champagne region of France.", "Sparkling wine __knowledge__ Usually sparkling wine is white or rosé, but there are examples of red sparkling wines such as the Italian Brachetto, Bonarda, and Lambrusco, Australian sparkling Shiraz, and Azerbaijani \"Pearl of Azerbaijan\" made from Madrasa grapes.", "Sparkling wine __knowledge__ The sweetness of sparkling wine can range from very dry \"brut\" styles to sweeter \"doux\" varieties (French for 'raw' and 'sweet', respectively).", "Sparkling wine __knowledge__ The sparkling quality of these wines comes from its carbon dioxide content and may be the result of natural fermentation, either in a bottle, as with the traditional method, in a large tank designed to withstand the pressures involved (as in the Charmat process), or as a result of simple carbon dioxide injection in some cheaper sparkling wines." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Red wine __knowledge__ Red wine is a type of wine made from dark-colored (black) grape varieties.", "Red wine __knowledge__ The actual color of the wine can range from intense violet, typical of young wines, through to brick red for mature wines and brown for older red wines.", "Red wine __knowledge__ The juice from most purple grapes is greenish-white; the red color comes from anthocyan pigments (also called anthocyanins) present in the skin of the grape; exceptions are the relatively uncommon teinturier varieties, which produce a red colored juice.", "Red wine __knowledge__ Much of the red-wine production process therefore involves extraction of color and flavor components from the grape skin.", "Red wine __knowledge__ The first step in red wine production, after picking, involves physical processing of the grapes.", "Red wine __knowledge__ Hand-picked or machine-harvested grapes are usually tipped into a receival bin when they arrive at the winery and conveyed by a screw mechanism to the grape-processing equipment.", "Red wine __knowledge__ On arrival at the winery there is usually a mixture of individual berries, whole bunches (particularly with hand-picked grapes), stems, and leaves.", "Red wine __knowledge__ The presence of stems during fermentation can lead to a bitter taste in the wine, and the purpose of destemming is to separate grapes from the stems and leaves.", "Red wine __knowledge__ Mechanical de-stemmers usually consist of a rotating cage perforated with grape-sized holes.", "Rosé __knowledge__ A rosé (from French \"rosé\"; also known as \"rosado\" in Portugal and Spanish-speaking countries and \"rosato\" in Italy) is a type of wine that incorporates some of the color from the grape skins, but not enough to qualify it as a red wine.", "Rosé __knowledge__ It may be the oldest known type of wine, as it is the most straightforward to make with the skin contact method.", "Rosé __knowledge__ The pink color can range from a pale \"onion-skin\" orange to a vivid near-purple, depending on the varietals used and winemaking techniques.", "Rosé __knowledge__ There are three major ways to produce rosé wine: skin contact, saignée, and blending.", "Rosé __knowledge__ Rosé wines can be made still, semi-sparkling or sparkling and with a wide range of sweetness levels from highly dry Provençal rosé to sweet White Zinfandels and blushes.", "White wine __knowledge__ White wine is a wine whose colour can be straw-yellow, yellow-green, or yellow-gold.", "White wine __knowledge__ It is produced by the alcoholic fermentation of the non-coloured pulp of grapes, which may have a skin of any colour.", "White wine __knowledge__ White wine has existed for at least 2500 years.", "White wine __knowledge__ The wide variety of white wines comes from the large number of varieties, methods of winemaking, and ratios of residual sugar.", "White wine __knowledge__ White wine is mainly from \"white\" grapes, which are green or yellow in colour, such as the Chardonnay, Sauvignon, and Riesling.", "White wine __knowledge__ Some white wine is also made from grapes with coloured skin, provided that the obtained wort is not stained.", "Mulled wine __knowledge__ Mulled wine is a beverage usually made with red wine along with various mulling spices and sometimes raisins.", "Mulled wine __knowledge__ It is served hot or warm and is alcoholic, although there are non-alcoholic versions of mulled wine.", "Mulled wine __knowledge__ It is a traditional drink during winter, especially around Christmas.", "Mulled wine __knowledge__ Wine was first recorded as spiced and heated in Rome during the 2nd century.", "Mulled wine __knowledge__ The Romans travelled across Europe, conquering much of it and trading with the rest.", "Mulled wine __knowledge__ The legions brought wine and viticulture with them up to the Rhine and Danube rivers and to the Scottish border, along with their recipes.", "Mulled wine __knowledge__ The Forme of Cury, a medieval English cookery book from 1390, which mentioned mulled wine, says: \"Pur fait Ypocras …\" grinding together cinnamon, ginger, galangal, cloves, long pepper, nutmeg, marjoram, cardamom and grains of paradise (\"spykenard de Spayn\", rosemary may be substituted).", "Health effects of wine __knowledge__ The health effects of wine are mainly determined by its active ingredient alcohol.", "Health effects of wine __knowledge__ Some studies found that drinking small quantities of alcohol (up to one standard drink per day for women and one to two drinks per day for men) is associated with a decreased risk of heart disease, stroke, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and early death.", "Health effects of wine __knowledge__ However, other studies found no such effect.", "Health effects of wine __knowledge__ Drinking more than the standard drink amount increases the risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, stroke and cancer.", "Health effects of wine __knowledge__ Mixed results are also observed in light drinking and cancer mortality.", "Phenolic content in wine __knowledge__ The phenolic content in wine refers to the phenolic compounds—natural phenol and polyphenols—in wine, which include a large group of several hundred chemical compounds that affect the taste, color and mouthfeel of wine.", "Phenolic content in wine __knowledge__ These compounds include phenolic acids, stilbenoids, flavonols, dihydroflavonols, anthocyanins, flavanol monomers (catechins) and flavanol polymers (proanthocyanidins).", "Phenolic content in wine __knowledge__ This large group of natural phenols can be broadly separated into two categories, flavonoids and non-flavonoids.", "Phenolic content in wine __knowledge__ Flavonoids include the anthocyanins and tannins which contribute to the color and mouthfeel of the wine.", "Winemaking __knowledge__ Winemaking or vinification is the production of wine, starting with selection of the fruit, its fermentation into alcohol, and the bottling of the finished liquid.", "Winemaking __knowledge__ The history of wine-making stretches over millennia.", "Winemaking __knowledge__ The science of wine and winemaking is known as oenology.", "Winemaking __knowledge__ A winemaker may also be called a vintner.", "Winemaking __knowledge__ The growing of grapes is viticulture and there are many varieties of grapes Winemaking can be divided into two general categories: still wine production (without carbonation) and sparkling wine production (with carbonation — natural or injected).", "Winemaking __knowledge__ Red wine, white wine, and rose are the other main categories.", "Wine __knowledge__ Wine (from Latin \"vinum\") is an alcoholic beverage made from grapes, generally \"Vitis vinifera\", fermented without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes, water, or other nutrients.", "Wine __knowledge__ Yeast consumes the sugar in the grapes and converts it to ethanol and carbon dioxide.", "Wine __knowledge__ Different varieties of grapes and strains of yeasts produce different styles of wine.", "Wine __knowledge__ These variations result from the complex interactions between the biochemical development of the grape, the reactions involved in fermentation, the terroir, and the production process.", "Wine __knowledge__ Many countries enact legal appellations intended to define styles and qualities of wine.", "Grenache __knowledge__ Grenache () or Garnacha () is one of the most widely planted red wine grape varieties in the world.", "Grenache __knowledge__ It ripens late, so it needs hot, dry conditions such as those found in Spain, where the grape most likely originated.", "Grenache __knowledge__ It is also grown in the Italian isle of Sardinia, the south of France, Australia, and California's San Joaquin Valley.", "Grenache __knowledge__ It is generally spicy, berry-flavored and soft on the palate and produces wine with a relatively high alcohol content, but it needs careful control of yields for best results.", "Grenache __knowledge__ Characteristic flavor profiles on Grenache include red fruit flavors (raspberry and strawberry) with a subtle, white pepper spice note.", "Black Grape __knowledge__ Black Grape are a rock band from England, featuring former members of Happy Mondays and Ruthless Rap Assassins.", "Black Grape __knowledge__ Their musical style fuses funk and electronic rock with electronic programming and samples.", "Black Grape __knowledge__ The band was formed in 1993 by former Happy Mondays members Shaun Ryder and Bez.", "Black Grape __knowledge__ It was Ryder's first musical project after the disintegration of Happy Mondays due both to his multiple drug addictions and to disagreements about revenues with other band members.", "Black Grape __knowledge__ The formation of the new band was intended to draw a line between his past life and his new one.", "Black Grape __knowledge__ Ryder and Bez recruited rappers Paul \"Kermit\" Leveridge and Carl \"Psycho\" McCarthy, drummer Ged Lynch (like Leveridge, a former member of Ruthless Rap Assassins), and guitarist Wags (formerly of the Manchester-based group the Paris Angels) and Oli \"Dirtycash\" Dillon on ocarina.", "Cabernet Sauvignon __knowledge__ Cabernet Sauvignon () is one of the world's most widely recognized red wine grape varieties.", "Cabernet Sauvignon __knowledge__ It is grown in nearly every major wine producing country among a diverse spectrum of climates from Canada's Okanagan Valley to Lebanon's Beqaa Valley.", "Cabernet Sauvignon __knowledge__ Cabernet Sauvignon became internationally recognized through its prominence in Bordeaux wines where it is often blended with Merlot and Cabernet Franc.", "Cabernet Sauvignon __knowledge__ From France, the grape spread across Europe and to the New World where it found new homes in places like California's Santa Cruz Mountains, Napa Valley, New Zealand's Hawkes Bay, Australia's Margaret River and Coonawarra regions, and Chile's Maipo Valley and Colchagua.", "Incrocio Manzoni __knowledge__ Incrocio Manzoni or Manzoni grapes is a family of grape varieties named after Professor Luigi Manzoni (1888-1968) of Italy's oldest school of oenology located in Conegliano, in the Veneto region.", "Incrocio Manzoni __knowledge__ Manzoni created the new grape varieties by selecting, crossing and grafting vines from various vineyards during the 1920s and 1930s.", "Incrocio Manzoni __knowledge__ The family includes both white and red grape varieties.", "Incrocio Manzoni __knowledge__ Although most Manzonis are grown in northeastern Italy, they are mainly grown in the Piave area of Province of Treviso and are only now starting to be sold commercially in Europe and the United States.", "Incrocio Manzoni __knowledge__ The name Incrocio is Italian for \"crossing\" with the second part of the name usually being the last name of the grape breeder.", "Merlot __knowledge__ Merlot is a dark blue-colored wine grape variety, that is used as both a blending grape and for varietal wines.", "Merlot __knowledge__ The name \"Merlot\" is thought to be a diminutive of \"merle\", the French name for the blackbird, probably a reference to the color of the grape.", "Merlot __knowledge__ Its softness and \"fleshiness\", combined with its earlier ripening, makes Merlot a popular grape for blending with the sterner, later-ripening Cabernet Sauvignon, which tends to be higher in tannin.", "Merlot __knowledge__ Along with Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Malbec and Petit Verdot, Merlot is one of the primary grapes used in Bordeaux wine, and it is the most widely planted grape in the Bordeaux wine regions.", "Chilean wine __knowledge__ Chilean wine has a long history for a New World wine region, as it was the 16th century when the Spanish conquistadors brought \"Vitis vinifera\" vines with them as they colonized the region.", "Chilean wine __knowledge__ In the mid-19th century, French wine varieties such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Carmenère and Franc were introduced.", "Chilean wine __knowledge__ In the early 1980s, a renaissance began with the introduction of stainless steel fermentation tanks and the use of oak barrels for aging.", "Chilean wine __knowledge__ Wine exports grew very quickly as quality wine production increased.", "Chilean wine __knowledge__ The number of wineries has grown from 12 in 1995 to over 70 in 2005.", "Chilean wine __knowledge__ A large number of French people immigrated to Chile during the late 20th century, and they were able to share their fine tastes and experience with the native Chileans, expanding their knowledge of the wine world.", "New Zealand wine __knowledge__ New Zealand wine is produced in several major wine growing regions, spanning latitudes 36° to 45° South and extending .", "New Zealand wine __knowledge__ They are, from north to south Northland, Auckland, Gisborne, Hawke's Bay, Wairarapa, Nelson, Marlborough, Canterbury/Waipara and Central Otago.", "New Zealand wine __knowledge__ Wine making and vine growing go back to colonial times in New Zealand.", "New Zealand wine __knowledge__ British Resident and keen oenologist James Busby was, as early as 1836, attempting to produce wine at his land in Waitangi.", "New Zealand wine __knowledge__ In 1851 New Zealand's oldest existing vineyard was established by French Roman Catholic missionaries at Mission Estate in Hawke's Bay.", "New Zealand wine __knowledge__ In 1883 William Henry Beetham was recognised as being the first pioneer to plant Pinot Noir and Hermitage (Syrah) grapes in New Zealand at his Lansdowne vineyard in Masterton." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Red wine __knowledge__ Red wine is a type of wine made from dark-colored (black) grape varieties.", "Red wine __knowledge__ The actual color of the wine can range from intense violet, typical of young wines, through to brick red for mature wines and brown for older red wines.", "Red wine __knowledge__ The juice from most purple grapes is greenish-white; the red color comes from anthocyan pigments (also called anthocyanins) present in the skin of the grape; exceptions are the relatively uncommon teinturier varieties, which produce a red colored juice.", "Red wine __knowledge__ Much of the red-wine production process therefore involves extraction of color and flavor components from the grape skin.", "Red wine __knowledge__ The first step in red wine production, after picking, involves physical processing of the grapes.", "Red wine __knowledge__ Hand-picked or machine-harvested grapes are usually tipped into a receival bin when they arrive at the winery and conveyed by a screw mechanism to the grape-processing equipment.", "Red wine __knowledge__ On arrival at the winery there is usually a mixture of individual berries, whole bunches (particularly with hand-picked grapes), stems, and leaves.", "Red wine __knowledge__ The presence of stems during fermentation can lead to a bitter taste in the wine, and the purpose of destemming is to separate grapes from the stems and leaves.", "Red wine __knowledge__ Mechanical de-stemmers usually consist of a rotating cage perforated with grape-sized holes.", "Rosé __knowledge__ A rosé (from French \"rosé\"; also known as \"rosado\" in Portugal and Spanish-speaking countries and \"rosato\" in Italy) is a type of wine that incorporates some of the color from the grape skins, but not enough to qualify it as a red wine.", "Rosé __knowledge__ It may be the oldest known type of wine, as it is the most straightforward to make with the skin contact method.", "Rosé __knowledge__ The pink color can range from a pale \"onion-skin\" orange to a vivid near-purple, depending on the varietals used and winemaking techniques.", "Rosé __knowledge__ There are three major ways to produce rosé wine: skin contact, saignée, and blending.", "Rosé __knowledge__ Rosé wines can be made still, semi-sparkling or sparkling and with a wide range of sweetness levels from highly dry Provençal rosé to sweet White Zinfandels and blushes.", "Côte Chalonnaise __knowledge__ Côte Chalonnaise is a subregion of the Burgundy wine region of France.", "Côte Chalonnaise __knowledge__ Côte Chalonnaise lies to the south of the Côte d'Or continuing the same geology southward.", "Côte Chalonnaise __knowledge__ It is still in the main area of Burgundy wine production but it includes no Grand cru vineyards.", "Côte Chalonnaise __knowledge__ Like the Côte d'Or, it is at the western edge of the broad valley of the river Saône, on the rising ground overlooking the town of Chalon-sur-Saône which is about six kilometers out into the plain.", "Côte Chalonnaise __knowledge__ To the north, across the River Dheune, lies the Côte de Beaune.", "Côte Chalonnaise __knowledge__ To the south is the Mâconnais.", "Côte Chalonnaise __knowledge__ The grapes of the region are predominantly Pinot noir and Chardonnay with some Aligoté and Gamay also grown in vineyards spread over a stretch of 25 kilometers long and 7 kilometers wide of undulating land in which vineyards are interspersed with orchards and other forms of farming.", "White wine __knowledge__ White wine is a wine whose colour can be straw-yellow, yellow-green, or yellow-gold.", "White wine __knowledge__ It is produced by the alcoholic fermentation of the non-coloured pulp of grapes, which may have a skin of any colour.", "White wine __knowledge__ White wine has existed for at least 2500 years.", "White wine __knowledge__ The wide variety of white wines comes from the large number of varieties, methods of winemaking, and ratios of residual sugar.", "White wine __knowledge__ White wine is mainly from \"white\" grapes, which are green or yellow in colour, such as the Chardonnay, Sauvignon, and Riesling.", "White wine __knowledge__ Some white wine is also made from grapes with coloured skin, provided that the obtained wort is not stained.", "Côte de Beaune __knowledge__ The Côte de Beaune area is the southern part of the Côte d'Or, the limestone ridge that is home to the great names of Burgundy wine.", "Côte de Beaune __knowledge__ The Côte de Beaune starts between Nuits-Saint-Georges and Beaune, and extends southwards for about 25 km to the River Dheune.", "Côte de Beaune __knowledge__ The trend of producing red wines continues from the Côte de Nuits to the north, down through Beaune, although the wines become lighter and more perfumed.", "Côte de Beaune __knowledge__ Farther south lie the great names of white Burgundy such as Meursault and Chassagne-Montrachet.", "Côte de Beaune __knowledge__ The far south of the district sees a return to red wines in Santenay that continues across the Dheune into the Côte Chalonnaise.", "Côte de Nuits __knowledge__ The Côte de Nuits () is a French wine region located in the northern part of the Côte d'Or, the limestone ridge that is at the heart of the Burgundy wine region.", "Côte de Nuits __knowledge__ It extends from Dijon to just south of Nuits-Saint-Georges, which gives its name to the district and is the regional center.", "Côte de Nuits __knowledge__ Though some white and rosé wines are produced in the region, the Côte de Nuits is most famous for reds made from pinot noir.", "Côte de Nuits __knowledge__ The Côte de Nuits covers fourteen communes.", "Côte de Nuits __knowledge__ Six produce grand cru wines, in the central district between Gevrey-Chambertin and Nuits-Saint-Georges, with four lesser villages either side.", "Côte de Nuits __knowledge__ The Grand Crus of the Cote de Nuits are some of the smallest appellations in France, less than a hectare in the case of La Romanée.", "Malolactic fermentation __knowledge__ Malolactic fermentation (also known as malolactic conversion or MLF) is a process in winemaking in which tart-tasting malic acid, naturally present in grape must, is converted to softer-tasting lactic acid.", "Malolactic fermentation __knowledge__ Malolactic fermentation is most often performed as a secondary fermentation shortly after the end of the primary fermentation, but can sometimes run concurrently with it.", "Malolactic fermentation __knowledge__ The process is standard for most red wine production and common for some white grape varieties such as Chardonnay, where it can impart a \"buttery\" flavor from diacetyl, a byproduct of the reaction.", "Malolactic fermentation __knowledge__ The fermentation reaction is undertaken by the family of lactic acid bacteria (LAB); \"Oenococcus oeni\", and various species of \"Lactobacillus\" and \"Pediococcus\".", "Loire Valley (wine) __knowledge__ The Loire Valley wine region includes the French wine regions situated along the Loire River from the Muscadet region near the city of Nantes on the Atlantic coast to the region of Sancerre and Pouilly-Fumé just southeast of the city of Orléans in north central France.", "Loire Valley (wine) __knowledge__ In between are the regions of Anjou, Saumur, Bourgueil, Chinon, and Vouvray.", "Loire Valley (wine) __knowledge__ The Loire Valley itself follows the river through the Loire province to the river's origins in the Cévennes but the majority of the wine production takes place in the regions noted above.", "Loire Valley (wine) __knowledge__ The area includes 87 appellations under the \"Appellation d'origine contrôlée\" (AOC), \"Vin Délimité de Qualité Superieure\" (VDQS) and \"Vin de pays\" systems.", "Winemaking __knowledge__ Winemaking or vinification is the production of wine, starting with selection of the fruit, its fermentation into alcohol, and the bottling of the finished liquid.", "Winemaking __knowledge__ The history of wine-making stretches over millennia.", "Winemaking __knowledge__ The science of wine and winemaking is known as oenology.", "Winemaking __knowledge__ A winemaker may also be called a vintner.", "Winemaking __knowledge__ The growing of grapes is viticulture and there are many varieties of grapes Winemaking can be divided into two general categories: still wine production (without carbonation) and sparkling wine production (with carbonation — natural or injected).", "Winemaking __knowledge__ Red wine, white wine, and rose are the other main categories.", "List of Breaking Bad and Better Call Saul characters __knowledge__ \"Breaking Bad\" is an American television series created by Vince Gilligan.", "List of Breaking Bad and Better Call Saul characters __knowledge__ The show was followed, in 2015, by the prequel series \"Better Call Saul\".", "List of Breaking Bad and Better Call Saul characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from both series.", "List of Breaking Bad and Better Call Saul characters __knowledge__ Walter Hartwell White (also known by his clandestine alias Heisenberg) (played by Bryan Cranston) is an underachieving Albuquerque, New Mexico high school chemistry teacher who, after being diagnosed with lung cancer, starts manufacturing methamphetamine to provide for his family upon his death.", "List of Breaking Bad and Better Call Saul characters __knowledge__ Knowing nothing about the drug trade, he enlists the aid of his former student, Jesse Pinkman, to sell the meth he produces.", "Merlot __knowledge__ Merlot is a dark blue-colored wine grape variety, that is used as both a blending grape and for varietal wines.", "Merlot __knowledge__ The name \"Merlot\" is thought to be a diminutive of \"merle\", the French name for the blackbird, probably a reference to the color of the grape.", "Merlot __knowledge__ Its softness and \"fleshiness\", combined with its earlier ripening, makes Merlot a popular grape for blending with the sterner, later-ripening Cabernet Sauvignon, which tends to be higher in tannin.", "Merlot __knowledge__ Along with Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Malbec and Petit Verdot, Merlot is one of the primary grapes used in Bordeaux wine, and it is the most widely planted grape in the Bordeaux wine regions.", "Straw wine __knowledge__ Straw wine, or raisin wine, is a wine made from grapes that have been dried to concentrate their juice.", "Straw wine __knowledge__ The result is similar to that of the ice wine process, but suitable for warmer climates.", "Straw wine __knowledge__ The classic method dries clusters of grapes on mats of straw in the sun, but some regions dry them under cover, on roofs, or on modern racks, while some hang up the grapes or leave them to dry on the vine.", "Straw wine __knowledge__ The technique dates back to pre-Roman times, and most production of these wines has been in Northern Italy, Greece, and the French Alps.", "Straw wine __knowledge__ However producers in other areas are now starting to experiment with the method." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Red wine __knowledge__ Red wine is a type of wine made from dark-colored (black) grape varieties.", "Red wine __knowledge__ The actual color of the wine can range from intense violet, typical of young wines, through to brick red for mature wines and brown for older red wines.", "Red wine __knowledge__ The juice from most purple grapes is greenish-white; the red color comes from anthocyan pigments (also called anthocyanins) present in the skin of the grape; exceptions are the relatively uncommon teinturier varieties, which produce a red colored juice.", "Red wine __knowledge__ Much of the red-wine production process therefore involves extraction of color and flavor components from the grape skin.", "Red wine __knowledge__ The first step in red wine production, after picking, involves physical processing of the grapes.", "Red wine __knowledge__ Hand-picked or machine-harvested grapes are usually tipped into a receival bin when they arrive at the winery and conveyed by a screw mechanism to the grape-processing equipment.", "Red wine __knowledge__ On arrival at the winery there is usually a mixture of individual berries, whole bunches (particularly with hand-picked grapes), stems, and leaves.", "Red wine __knowledge__ The presence of stems during fermentation can lead to a bitter taste in the wine, and the purpose of destemming is to separate grapes from the stems and leaves.", "Red wine __knowledge__ Mechanical de-stemmers usually consist of a rotating cage perforated with grape-sized holes.", "Rosé __knowledge__ A rosé (from French \"rosé\"; also known as \"rosado\" in Portugal and Spanish-speaking countries and \"rosato\" in Italy) is a type of wine that incorporates some of the color from the grape skins, but not enough to qualify it as a red wine.", "Rosé __knowledge__ It may be the oldest known type of wine, as it is the most straightforward to make with the skin contact method.", "Rosé __knowledge__ The pink color can range from a pale \"onion-skin\" orange to a vivid near-purple, depending on the varietals used and winemaking techniques.", "Rosé __knowledge__ There are three major ways to produce rosé wine: skin contact, saignée, and blending.", "Rosé __knowledge__ Rosé wines can be made still, semi-sparkling or sparkling and with a wide range of sweetness levels from highly dry Provençal rosé to sweet White Zinfandels and blushes.", "White wine __knowledge__ White wine is a wine whose colour can be straw-yellow, yellow-green, or yellow-gold.", "White wine __knowledge__ It is produced by the alcoholic fermentation of the non-coloured pulp of grapes, which may have a skin of any colour.", "White wine __knowledge__ White wine has existed for at least 2500 years.", "White wine __knowledge__ The wide variety of white wines comes from the large number of varieties, methods of winemaking, and ratios of residual sugar.", "White wine __knowledge__ White wine is mainly from \"white\" grapes, which are green or yellow in colour, such as the Chardonnay, Sauvignon, and Riesling.", "White wine __knowledge__ Some white wine is also made from grapes with coloured skin, provided that the obtained wort is not stained.", "Winemaking __knowledge__ Winemaking or vinification is the production of wine, starting with selection of the fruit, its fermentation into alcohol, and the bottling of the finished liquid.", "Winemaking __knowledge__ The history of wine-making stretches over millennia.", "Winemaking __knowledge__ The science of wine and winemaking is known as oenology.", "Winemaking __knowledge__ A winemaker may also be called a vintner.", "Winemaking __knowledge__ The growing of grapes is viticulture and there are many varieties of grapes Winemaking can be divided into two general categories: still wine production (without carbonation) and sparkling wine production (with carbonation — natural or injected).", "Winemaking __knowledge__ Red wine, white wine, and rose are the other main categories.", "Health effects of wine __knowledge__ The health effects of wine are mainly determined by its active ingredient alcohol.", "Health effects of wine __knowledge__ Some studies found that drinking small quantities of alcohol (up to one standard drink per day for women and one to two drinks per day for men) is associated with a decreased risk of heart disease, stroke, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and early death.", "Health effects of wine __knowledge__ However, other studies found no such effect.", "Health effects of wine __knowledge__ Drinking more than the standard drink amount increases the risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, stroke and cancer.", "Health effects of wine __knowledge__ Mixed results are also observed in light drinking and cancer mortality.", "Mulled wine __knowledge__ Mulled wine is a beverage usually made with red wine along with various mulling spices and sometimes raisins.", "Mulled wine __knowledge__ It is served hot or warm and is alcoholic, although there are non-alcoholic versions of mulled wine.", "Mulled wine __knowledge__ It is a traditional drink during winter, especially around Christmas.", "Mulled wine __knowledge__ Wine was first recorded as spiced and heated in Rome during the 2nd century.", "Mulled wine __knowledge__ The Romans travelled across Europe, conquering much of it and trading with the rest.", "Mulled wine __knowledge__ The legions brought wine and viticulture with them up to the Rhine and Danube rivers and to the Scottish border, along with their recipes.", "Mulled wine __knowledge__ The Forme of Cury, a medieval English cookery book from 1390, which mentioned mulled wine, says: \"Pur fait Ypocras …\" grinding together cinnamon, ginger, galangal, cloves, long pepper, nutmeg, marjoram, cardamom and grains of paradise (\"spykenard de Spayn\", rosemary may be substituted).", "Phenolic content in wine __knowledge__ The phenolic content in wine refers to the phenolic compounds—natural phenol and polyphenols—in wine, which include a large group of several hundred chemical compounds that affect the taste, color and mouthfeel of wine.", "Phenolic content in wine __knowledge__ These compounds include phenolic acids, stilbenoids, flavonols, dihydroflavonols, anthocyanins, flavanol monomers (catechins) and flavanol polymers (proanthocyanidins).", "Phenolic content in wine __knowledge__ This large group of natural phenols can be broadly separated into two categories, flavonoids and non-flavonoids.", "Phenolic content in wine __knowledge__ Flavonoids include the anthocyanins and tannins which contribute to the color and mouthfeel of the wine.", "Wine __knowledge__ Wine (from Latin \"vinum\") is an alcoholic beverage made from grapes, generally \"Vitis vinifera\", fermented without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes, water, or other nutrients.", "Wine __knowledge__ Yeast consumes the sugar in the grapes and converts it to ethanol and carbon dioxide.", "Wine __knowledge__ Different varieties of grapes and strains of yeasts produce different styles of wine.", "Wine __knowledge__ These variations result from the complex interactions between the biochemical development of the grape, the reactions involved in fermentation, the terroir, and the production process.", "Wine __knowledge__ Many countries enact legal appellations intended to define styles and qualities of wine.", "Cabernet Sauvignon __knowledge__ Cabernet Sauvignon () is one of the world's most widely recognized red wine grape varieties.", "Cabernet Sauvignon __knowledge__ It is grown in nearly every major wine producing country among a diverse spectrum of climates from Canada's Okanagan Valley to Lebanon's Beqaa Valley.", "Cabernet Sauvignon __knowledge__ Cabernet Sauvignon became internationally recognized through its prominence in Bordeaux wines where it is often blended with Merlot and Cabernet Franc.", "Cabernet Sauvignon __knowledge__ From France, the grape spread across Europe and to the New World where it found new homes in places like California's Santa Cruz Mountains, Napa Valley, New Zealand's Hawkes Bay, Australia's Margaret River and Coonawarra regions, and Chile's Maipo Valley and Colchagua.", "Sparkling wine __knowledge__ Sparkling wine is a wine with significant levels of carbon dioxide in it, making it fizzy.", "Sparkling wine __knowledge__ The best known example of a sparkling wine is champagne, which is exclusively produced in the Champagne region of France.", "Sparkling wine __knowledge__ Usually sparkling wine is white or rosé, but there are examples of red sparkling wines such as the Italian Brachetto, Bonarda, and Lambrusco, Australian sparkling Shiraz, and Azerbaijani \"Pearl of Azerbaijan\" made from Madrasa grapes.", "Sparkling wine __knowledge__ The sweetness of sparkling wine can range from very dry \"brut\" styles to sweeter \"doux\" varieties (French for 'raw' and 'sweet', respectively).", "Sparkling wine __knowledge__ The sparkling quality of these wines comes from its carbon dioxide content and may be the result of natural fermentation, either in a bottle, as with the traditional method, in a large tank designed to withstand the pressures involved (as in the Charmat process), or as a result of simple carbon dioxide injection in some cheaper sparkling wines." ] ]

[ 1, 5, 2, 4 ]

[ "it is made from dark colored or black grape type of fruit.", "im not sure but i can tell you the first step in the production after picking them is physically processing the grapes. i imagine red wine has been around for BCE though", "i cant tell you but i can tell you the actual color of th wine can range from intense violent like younger wines, to brick red for mature wines, and brown for older wines", "no problem. one last fact much of red win production involves extraction of color and flavor components from the grape skin." ]

[ "Red wine", "Red wine", "Red wine", "Red wine" ]

[ "Kobe beef", "No, i have never heard of Kobe beef could you tell me more about it?", "that is really interesting, do you know of some Kobe beef dishes?", "Well it sounds delicious if i ever go to japan i will make sure to give it a try, could you tell me more about kobe beef" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Kobe beef is also called , or in Japanese.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Cattle were brought to Japan from China at the same time as the cultivation of rice, in about the second century AD, in the Yayoi period.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Until about the time of the Meiji Restoration in 1868, they were used only as draught animals, in agriculture, forestry, mining and for transport, and as a source of fertiliser.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Milk consumption was unknown, and – for cultural and religious reasons – meat was not eaten.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Japan was effectively isolated from the rest of the world from 1635 until 1854; there was no possibility of intromission of foreign genes to the cattle population during this time.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Between 1868, the year of the Meiji Restoration, and 1887, some 2600 foreign cattle were imported, including Braunvieh, Shorthorn, and Devon.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Between about 1900 and 1910 there was extensive cross-breeding of these with native stock.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ From 1919, the various heterogeneous regional populations that resulted from this brief period of cross-breeding were registered and selected as \"Improved Japanese Cattle\".", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Four separate strains were characterised, based mainly on which type of foreign cattle had most influenced the hybrids, and were recognised as breeds in 1944.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ These were the four wagyū breeds, the Japanese Black, the Japanese Brown, the Japanese Polled and the Japanese Shorthorn." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Kobe beef is also called , or in Japanese.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Cattle were brought to Japan from China at the same time as the cultivation of rice, in about the second century AD, in the Yayoi period.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Until about the time of the Meiji Restoration in 1868, they were used only as draught animals, in agriculture, forestry, mining and for transport, and as a source of fertiliser.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Milk consumption was unknown, and – for cultural and religious reasons – meat was not eaten.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Japan was effectively isolated from the rest of the world from 1635 until 1854; there was no possibility of intromission of foreign genes to the cattle population during this time.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Between 1868, the year of the Meiji Restoration, and 1887, some 2600 foreign cattle were imported, including Braunvieh, Shorthorn, and Devon.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Between about 1900 and 1910 there was extensive cross-breeding of these with native stock.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ From 1919, the various heterogeneous regional populations that resulted from this brief period of cross-breeding were registered and selected as \"Improved Japanese Cattle\".", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Four separate strains were characterised, based mainly on which type of foreign cattle had most influenced the hybrids, and were recognised as breeds in 1944.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ These were the four wagyū breeds, the Japanese Black, the Japanese Brown, the Japanese Polled and the Japanese Shorthorn.", "Kobe __knowledge__ The earliest written records regarding the region come from the \"Nihon Shoki\", which describes the founding of the Ikuta Shrine by Empress Jingū in AD 201.", "Kobe __knowledge__ For most of its history, the area was never a single political entity, even during the Tokugawa period, when the port was controlled directly by the Tokugawa shogunate.", "Kobe __knowledge__ Kobe did not exist in its current form until its founding in 1889.", "Kobe __knowledge__ Its name comes from , an archaic title for supporters of the city's Ikuta Shrine.", "Kobe __knowledge__ Kobe became one of Japan's 17 designated cities in 1956.", "Kobe __knowledge__ Kobe was one of the cities to open for trade with the West following the 1853 end of the policy of seclusion and has since been known as a cosmopolitan and Nuclear free zone port city.", "Kobe foreign settlement __knowledge__ The , also known as the Kobe foreign concession, was a foreign settlement located about 3.5 kilometers east of the Port of Kobe, in the future Chūō-ku of Kobe, Japan.", "Kobe foreign settlement __knowledge__ Established based on the Ansei Treaties, it existed from January 1, 1868, to July 16, 1899.", "Kobe foreign settlement __knowledge__ The site was located between the to the east, the (site of a future thoroughfare) to the west, the sea to the south, and the highway to the north.", "Kobe foreign settlement __knowledge__ It had an area of 78,000 \"tsubo\" (about 25.8 hectares), and was developed based on a logical urban plan.", "Kobe foreign settlement __knowledge__ For these reasons, it has been praised as the \"best-planned foreign settlement in the Orient\".", "Wagyu __knowledge__ In several areas of Japan, wagyu beef is shipped carrying area names.", "Wagyu __knowledge__ Some examples are Matsusaka beef, Kobe beef, Yonezawa beef, Mishima beef, Ōmi beef, and Sanda beef.", "Wagyu __knowledge__ There are four breeds of wagyu: , , , and .", "Wagyu __knowledge__ Wagyu cattle's genetic predisposition yields a beef that contains a higher percentage of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids than typical beef.", "Wagyu __knowledge__ The increased marbling also increases the ratio of monounsaturated fats to saturated fats.", "Wagyu __knowledge__ Japanese Black makes up 90% of all fattened cattle in Japan.", "Wagyu __knowledge__ Strains of Japanese Black include Tottori, Tajima, Shimane and Okayama.", "Wagyu __knowledge__ Japanese Brown, also known as Japanese Red, is the other main breed; strains include Kochi and Kumamoto.", "Giraudi __knowledge__ Giraudi Group is based in the Principality of Monaco and is made up of various companies in the sectors of meat trading and import/export, restaurants and lifestyle.", "Giraudi __knowledge__ Initially, the primary business of Giraudi was dealing with import/export within the meat industry.", "Giraudi __knowledge__ Founded by Erminio Giraudi in the 1960s, the group established itself in Monaco in the middle of the 1970s.", "Giraudi __knowledge__ The company has developed and diversified into other domains, notably restaurants concepts and various lifestyle products.", "Giraudi __knowledge__ Gradually, Giraudi became one of the European leaders in trading and import/export of meat.", "Giraudi __knowledge__ The Monegasque group is the primary exporter of French beef, and Dutch veal whilst also being the European leader in the import of hormone-free US Black Angus, Australian and Canadian Black Angus beef.", "Riccardo Giraudi __knowledge__ Riccardo Giraudi (born November 14, 1975 in Genova) is the CEO of Giraudi Group.", "Riccardo Giraudi __knowledge__ Riccardo Giraudi is Erminio Giraudi and Francien Giraudi’s son.", "Riccardo Giraudi __knowledge__ He grew up in the Principality of Monaco before studying at the European Business School of London where he obtained a Bachelor in Business Administration in 1999.", "Riccardo Giraudi __knowledge__ In 2001, Riccardo Giraudi joined the family-owned company created by his father Erminio Giraudi in the 1970’s : Giraudi Group.", "Riccardo Giraudi __knowledge__ The group is one of the European leader in meat import / export (40% veal, 30% beef, 10% pork).", "Riccardo Giraudi __knowledge__ Supervised by Riccardo Giraudi, the company turned to new businesses such as hospitality & exclusive meats.", "Kansai region __knowledge__ The or the lies in the southern-central region of Japan's main island Honshū.", "Kansai region __knowledge__ The region includes the prefectures of Mie, Nara, Wakayama, Kyoto, Osaka, Hyōgo and Shiga, sometimes Fukui, Tokushima and Tottori.", "Kansai region __knowledge__ While the use of the terms \"Kansai\" and \"Kinki\" have changed over history, in most modern contexts the use of the two terms is interchangeable.", "Kansai region __knowledge__ The urban region of Osaka, Kobe and Kyoto (Keihanshin region) is the second most populated in Japan after the Greater Tokyo Area.", "Kansai region __knowledge__ The Kansai region is the cultural and historical heart of Japan with 11% of its land area and 22,757,897 residents as of 2010.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger, beefburger or burger is a sandwich consisting of one or more cooked patties of ground meat, usually beef, placed inside a sliced bread roll or bun.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The patty may be pan fried, barbecued, or flame broiled.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ Hamburgers are often served with cheese, lettuce, tomato, bacon, onion, pickles, or chiles; condiments such as mustard, mayonnaise, ketchup, relish, or \"special sauce\"; and are frequently placed on sesame seed buns.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger topped with cheese is called a cheeseburger.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term \"burger\" can also be applied to the meat patty on its own, especially in the UK where the term \"patty\" is rarely used, or the term can even refer simply to ground beef.", "Steak __knowledge__ A steak () is a meat generally sliced across the muscle fibers, potentially including a bone.", "Steak __knowledge__ Exceptions, in which the meat is sliced parallel to the fibers, include the skirt steak that is cut from the plate, the flank steak that is cut from the abdominal muscles, and the famous Silverfinger steak that is cut from the loin and includes three rib bones.", "Steak __knowledge__ When the word \"steak\" is used without qualification, it generally refers to a beefsteak.", "Steak __knowledge__ In a larger sense, there are also fish steaks, ground meat steaks, pork steak and many more varieties of steaks.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are usually grilled, but they can be pan-fried, or broiled." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Kobe beef is also called , or in Japanese.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Cattle were brought to Japan from China at the same time as the cultivation of rice, in about the second century AD, in the Yayoi period.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Until about the time of the Meiji Restoration in 1868, they were used only as draught animals, in agriculture, forestry, mining and for transport, and as a source of fertiliser.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Milk consumption was unknown, and – for cultural and religious reasons – meat was not eaten.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Japan was effectively isolated from the rest of the world from 1635 until 1854; there was no possibility of intromission of foreign genes to the cattle population during this time.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Between 1868, the year of the Meiji Restoration, and 1887, some 2600 foreign cattle were imported, including Braunvieh, Shorthorn, and Devon.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Between about 1900 and 1910 there was extensive cross-breeding of these with native stock.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ From 1919, the various heterogeneous regional populations that resulted from this brief period of cross-breeding were registered and selected as \"Improved Japanese Cattle\".", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Four separate strains were characterised, based mainly on which type of foreign cattle had most influenced the hybrids, and were recognised as breeds in 1944.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ These were the four wagyū breeds, the Japanese Black, the Japanese Brown, the Japanese Polled and the Japanese Shorthorn.", "Kobe __knowledge__ The earliest written records regarding the region come from the \"Nihon Shoki\", which describes the founding of the Ikuta Shrine by Empress Jingū in AD 201.", "Kobe __knowledge__ For most of its history, the area was never a single political entity, even during the Tokugawa period, when the port was controlled directly by the Tokugawa shogunate.", "Kobe __knowledge__ Kobe did not exist in its current form until its founding in 1889.", "Kobe __knowledge__ Its name comes from , an archaic title for supporters of the city's Ikuta Shrine.", "Kobe __knowledge__ Kobe became one of Japan's 17 designated cities in 1956.", "Kobe __knowledge__ Kobe was one of the cities to open for trade with the West following the 1853 end of the policy of seclusion and has since been known as a cosmopolitan and Nuclear free zone port city.", "Corned beef __knowledge__ Corned beef is a salt-cured beef product.", "Corned beef __knowledge__ The term comes from the treatment of the meat with large grained rock salt, also called \"corns\" of salt.", "Corned beef __knowledge__ It features as an ingredient in many cuisines.", "Corned beef __knowledge__ Most recipes include nitrates or nitrites, which convert the natural myoglobin in beef to nitrosomyoglobin, giving a pink color.", "Corned beef __knowledge__ Nitrates and nitrites reduce the risk of dangerous botulism during curing by inhibiting the growth of \"Clostridium botulinum\" spores.", "Corned beef __knowledge__ Beef cured with salt only has a gray color and is sometimes called \"New England corned beef\".", "Corned beef __knowledge__ Often, sugar and spices are also added to recipes for corned beef.", "Kobe foreign settlement __knowledge__ The , also known as the Kobe foreign concession, was a foreign settlement located about 3.5 kilometers east of the Port of Kobe, in the future Chūō-ku of Kobe, Japan.", "Kobe foreign settlement __knowledge__ Established based on the Ansei Treaties, it existed from January 1, 1868, to July 16, 1899.", "Kobe foreign settlement __knowledge__ The site was located between the to the east, the (site of a future thoroughfare) to the west, the sea to the south, and the highway to the north.", "Kobe foreign settlement __knowledge__ It had an area of 78,000 \"tsubo\" (about 25.8 hectares), and was developed based on a logical urban plan.", "Kobe foreign settlement __knowledge__ For these reasons, it has been praised as the \"best-planned foreign settlement in the Orient\".", "Steak __knowledge__ A steak () is a meat generally sliced across the muscle fibers, potentially including a bone.", "Steak __knowledge__ Exceptions, in which the meat is sliced parallel to the fibers, include the skirt steak that is cut from the plate, the flank steak that is cut from the abdominal muscles, and the famous Silverfinger steak that is cut from the loin and includes three rib bones.", "Steak __knowledge__ When the word \"steak\" is used without qualification, it generally refers to a beefsteak.", "Steak __knowledge__ In a larger sense, there are also fish steaks, ground meat steaks, pork steak and many more varieties of steaks.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are usually grilled, but they can be pan-fried, or broiled.", "Christmas dinner __knowledge__ Christmas dinner is a meal traditionally eaten at Christmas.", "Christmas dinner __knowledge__ This meal can take place any time from the evening of Christmas Eve to the evening of Christmas Day itself.", "Christmas dinner __knowledge__ The meals are often particularly rich and substantial, in the tradition of the Christian feast day celebration, and form a significant part of gatherings held to celebrate Christmas.", "Christmas dinner __knowledge__ In some cases, there is a ritual element to the meal related to the religious celebration.", "Christmas dinner __knowledge__ The actual meal consumed varies in different parts of the world with regional cuisines and local traditions.", "Christmas dinner __knowledge__ In many parts of the world, particularly former British colonies, the meal shares some connection with the English Christmas dinner involving roasted meats and pudding of some description.", "Giraudi __knowledge__ Giraudi Group is based in the Principality of Monaco and is made up of various companies in the sectors of meat trading and import/export, restaurants and lifestyle.", "Giraudi __knowledge__ Initially, the primary business of Giraudi was dealing with import/export within the meat industry.", "Giraudi __knowledge__ Founded by Erminio Giraudi in the 1960s, the group established itself in Monaco in the middle of the 1970s.", "Giraudi __knowledge__ The company has developed and diversified into other domains, notably restaurants concepts and various lifestyle products.", "Giraudi __knowledge__ Gradually, Giraudi became one of the European leaders in trading and import/export of meat.", "Giraudi __knowledge__ The Monegasque group is the primary exporter of French beef, and Dutch veal whilst also being the European leader in the import of hormone-free US Black Angus, Australian and Canadian Black Angus beef.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ Limousin cattle are a breed of highly muscled beef cattle originating from the Limousin and Marche regions of France.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ The breed is known as in France.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ Limousins were first exported from France in significant numbers in the 1960s and are now present in about 70 countries.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ They are naturally horned and have a distinctive lighter wheat to darker golden-red colouring, although international breeders have now bred polled (do not have horns) and black Limousins.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ Initially used mainly as draft animals, interest in Limousins as a source of high quality meat grew about two hundred years ago.", "Limousin cattle __knowledge__ The first Limousin herd book was then established in France in 1886 to ensure the breed's purity and improvement by only recording and breeding animals that satisfied a strictly enforced breed standard.", "Cattle slaughter in India __knowledge__ Cattle slaughter is a controversial topic in India because of the cattle's traditional status as an endeared and respected living being to many in Hinduism, Sikhism, Jainism and Buddhism, in contrast to cattle being considered as an acceptable source of meat by many in Islam, Christianity as well as some adherents of Indian religions.", "Cattle slaughter in India __knowledge__ More specifically, the cow's slaughter has been shunned because of a number of reasons such as being associated with god Krishna in Hinduism, cattle being respected as an integral part of rural livelihoods and an essential economic necessity.", "Cattle slaughter in India __knowledge__ Historically, cattle slaughter has also been opposed by various Indian religions because of the ethical principle of Ahimsa (non-violence) and the belief in the unity of all life.", "Cattle __knowledge__ Cattle—colloquially cows—are the most common type of large domesticated ungulates.", "Cattle __knowledge__ They are a prominent modern member of the subfamily Bovinae, are the most widespread species of the genus \"Bos\", and are most commonly classified collectively as Bos taurus.", "Cattle __knowledge__ Cattle are commonly raised as livestock for meat (beef and veal), as dairy animals for milk and other dairy products, and as draft animals (oxen or bullocks that pull carts, plows and other implements).", "Cattle __knowledge__ Other products include leather and dung for manure or fuel.", "Cattle __knowledge__ In some regions, such as parts of India, cattle have significant religious meaning.", "Cattle judging __knowledge__ Cattle judging is the process of judging a series of cattle and pronouncing a first-, second- and third-place animal based on each animal's individual traits compared to that of the others.", "Cattle judging __knowledge__ Most cattle judging occurs in show rings at agricultural shows.", "Cattle judging __knowledge__ Judgments on cattle are ultimately based on which animal is worth the most profit.", "Cattle judging __knowledge__ There are many fine points to cattle judging.", "Cattle judging __knowledge__ In a beef animal, for example, it is desirable to have a large animal with muscle development.", "Cattle judging __knowledge__ In a dairy cow, however, the judge would look for characteristics that would help to produce the best possible milk.", "Cattle judging __knowledge__ When judging cattle, there is an overjudge, who looks at all of the cattle and puts them in order of ‘best’ animal to ‘worst’ animal.", "Dairy cattle __knowledge__ Dairy cattle (also called dairy cows) are cattle cows bred for the ability to produce large quantities of milk, from which dairy products are made.", "Dairy cattle __knowledge__ Dairy cows generally are of the species \"Bos taurus\".", "Dairy cattle __knowledge__ Historically, there was little distinction between dairy cattle and beef cattle, with the same stock often being used for both meat and milk production.", "Dairy cattle __knowledge__ Today, the bovine industry is more specialized and most dairy cattle have been bred to produce large volumes of milk.", "Dairy cattle __knowledge__ The United States dairy herd produced 83.9 billion kg (185 billion lbs) of milk in 2007, up from 52.6 billion kg (116 billion lbs) in 1950, yet there were only about 9 million cows on U.S. dairy farms—about 13 million fewer than there were in 1950." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Kobe beef is also called , or in Japanese.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Cattle were brought to Japan from China at the same time as the cultivation of rice, in about the second century AD, in the Yayoi period.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Until about the time of the Meiji Restoration in 1868, they were used only as draught animals, in agriculture, forestry, mining and for transport, and as a source of fertiliser.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Milk consumption was unknown, and – for cultural and religious reasons – meat was not eaten.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Japan was effectively isolated from the rest of the world from 1635 until 1854; there was no possibility of intromission of foreign genes to the cattle population during this time.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Between 1868, the year of the Meiji Restoration, and 1887, some 2600 foreign cattle were imported, including Braunvieh, Shorthorn, and Devon.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Between about 1900 and 1910 there was extensive cross-breeding of these with native stock.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ From 1919, the various heterogeneous regional populations that resulted from this brief period of cross-breeding were registered and selected as \"Improved Japanese Cattle\".", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ Four separate strains were characterised, based mainly on which type of foreign cattle had most influenced the hybrids, and were recognised as breeds in 1944.", "Kobe beef __knowledge__ These were the four wagyū breeds, the Japanese Black, the Japanese Brown, the Japanese Polled and the Japanese Shorthorn.", "Kobe __knowledge__ The earliest written records regarding the region come from the \"Nihon Shoki\", which describes the founding of the Ikuta Shrine by Empress Jingū in AD 201.", "Kobe __knowledge__ For most of its history, the area was never a single political entity, even during the Tokugawa period, when the port was controlled directly by the Tokugawa shogunate.", "Kobe __knowledge__ Kobe did not exist in its current form until its founding in 1889.", "Kobe __knowledge__ Its name comes from , an archaic title for supporters of the city's Ikuta Shrine.", "Kobe __knowledge__ Kobe became one of Japan's 17 designated cities in 1956.", "Kobe __knowledge__ Kobe was one of the cities to open for trade with the West following the 1853 end of the policy of seclusion and has since been known as a cosmopolitan and Nuclear free zone port city.", "Kobe foreign settlement __knowledge__ The , also known as the Kobe foreign concession, was a foreign settlement located about 3.5 kilometers east of the Port of Kobe, in the future Chūō-ku of Kobe, Japan.", "Kobe foreign settlement __knowledge__ Established based on the Ansei Treaties, it existed from January 1, 1868, to July 16, 1899.", "Kobe foreign settlement __knowledge__ The site was located between the to the east, the (site of a future thoroughfare) to the west, the sea to the south, and the highway to the north.", "Kobe foreign settlement __knowledge__ It had an area of 78,000 \"tsubo\" (about 25.8 hectares), and was developed based on a logical urban plan.", "Kobe foreign settlement __knowledge__ For these reasons, it has been praised as the \"best-planned foreign settlement in the Orient\".", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Various characters appeared in the sitcom \"Friends\", which aired for ten seasons on NBC from 1994 to 2004.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ It featured six main cast members: Rachel Green (Jennifer Aniston), Phoebe Buffay (Lisa Kudrow), Joey Tribbiani (Matt LeBlanc), Chandler Bing (Matthew Perry), Ross Geller (David Schwimmer) and Monica Geller (Courteney Cox).", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Many celebrities guest starred on the series throughout its ten-year run.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ The main cast members were familiar to television viewers before their roles on \"Friends\", but were not considered to be stars.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Series creator David Crane wanted all six characters to be equally prominent, and the series was lauded as being \"the first true 'ensemble' show\".", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "Wagyu __knowledge__ In several areas of Japan, wagyu beef is shipped carrying area names.", "Wagyu __knowledge__ Some examples are Matsusaka beef, Kobe beef, Yonezawa beef, Mishima beef, Ōmi beef, and Sanda beef.", "Wagyu __knowledge__ There are four breeds of wagyu: , , , and .", "Wagyu __knowledge__ Wagyu cattle's genetic predisposition yields a beef that contains a higher percentage of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids than typical beef.", "Wagyu __knowledge__ The increased marbling also increases the ratio of monounsaturated fats to saturated fats.", "Wagyu __knowledge__ Japanese Black makes up 90% of all fattened cattle in Japan.", "Wagyu __knowledge__ Strains of Japanese Black include Tottori, Tajima, Shimane and Okayama.", "Wagyu __knowledge__ Japanese Brown, also known as Japanese Red, is the other main breed; strains include Kochi and Kumamoto.", "Corned beef __knowledge__ Corned beef is a salt-cured beef product.", "Corned beef __knowledge__ The term comes from the treatment of the meat with large grained rock salt, also called \"corns\" of salt.", "Corned beef __knowledge__ It features as an ingredient in many cuisines.", "Corned beef __knowledge__ Most recipes include nitrates or nitrites, which convert the natural myoglobin in beef to nitrosomyoglobin, giving a pink color.", "Corned beef __knowledge__ Nitrates and nitrites reduce the risk of dangerous botulism during curing by inhibiting the growth of \"Clostridium botulinum\" spores.", "Corned beef __knowledge__ Beef cured with salt only has a gray color and is sometimes called \"New England corned beef\".", "Corned beef __knowledge__ Often, sugar and spices are also added to recipes for corned beef.", "Beef __knowledge__ Beef is the culinary name for meat from cattle, particularly skeletal muscle.", "Beef __knowledge__ Humans have been eating beef since prehistoric times.", "Beef __knowledge__ Beef is a source of high-quality protein and essential nutrients.", "Beef __knowledge__ Beef skeletal muscle meat can be cut into roasts, short ribs or steak (filet mignon, sirloin steak, rump steak, rib steak, rib eye steak, hanger steak, etc.).", "Beef __knowledge__ Some cuts are processed (corned beef or beef jerky), and trimmings, usually mixed with meat from older, leaner cattle, are ground, minced or used in sausages.", "Beef __knowledge__ The blood is used in some varieties of blood sausage.", "Beef __knowledge__ Other parts that are eaten include other muscles and offal, such as the oxtail, liver, tongue, tripe from the reticulum or rumen, glands (particularly the pancreas and thymus, referred to as sweetbread), the heart, the brain (although forbidden where there is a danger of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, BSE), the kidneys, and the tender testicles of the bull (known in the United States as \"calf fries\", \"prairie oysters\", or \"Rocky Mountain oysters\").", "Fray Bentos (food brand) __knowledge__ The Fray Bentos food brand is associated with tinned processed meat products, originally corned beef and, latterly, meat pies.", "Fray Bentos (food brand) __knowledge__ The brand has been sold in the United Kingdom, other European countries, and Australia.", "Fray Bentos (food brand) __knowledge__ Created in the latter half of the 19th century, the name is derived from the port of Fray Bentos in Uruguay where the products were originally processed and packaged until the 1960s.", "Fray Bentos (food brand) __knowledge__ The brand is now owned in the UK by Baxters, which manufactures the product range in Scotland.", "Fray Bentos (food brand) __knowledge__ Additionally, the Campbell Soup Company manufactures and sells Fray Bentos branded steak and kidney pies in Australia.", "Field ration __knowledge__ A field ration, combat ration or ration pack is a canned or pre-packaged meal, easily prepared and eaten, transported by military troops on the battlefield.", "Field ration __knowledge__ They are distinguished from regular military rations by virtue of being designed for minimal preparation in the field, using canned, pre-cooked or freeze-dried foods, powdered beverage mixes and concentrated food bars, as well as for long shelf life.", "Field ration __knowledge__ Such meals also prove invaluable for disaster relief operations, where large stocks of these can be ferried and distributed easily, and provide basic nutritional support to victims before kitchens can be set up to produce fresh food.", "New England boiled dinner __knowledge__ New England boiled dinner is the basis of a traditional New England meal, consisting of corned beef or a smoked \"picnic ham\" shoulder, with cabbage and added vegetable items, often including potato, rutabaga, parsnip, carrot, white turnip, and onion.", "New England boiled dinner __knowledge__ With a beef roast, this meal is often known simply as corned beef and cabbage.", "New England boiled dinner __knowledge__ A similar Newfoundland dish is called a Jiggs dinner.", "New England boiled dinner __knowledge__ New England boiled dinner is a traditional meal on St. Patrick's Day.", "New England boiled dinner __knowledge__ Ireland produced a significant amount of the corned beef in the Atlantic trade from local cattle and salt imported from the Iberian Peninsula and southwestern France.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The Hamburger most likely first appeared in the 19th or early 20th century.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The modern hamburger was a product of the culinary needs of a society rapidly changing due to industrialization, the emergence of the working class and middle class and the demand for mass-produced, affordable food that could be consumed outside of the home.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Americans contend they were the first to combine two slices of bread and a steak of ground beef into a \"hamburger sandwich\" and sell it.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Part of the controversy over the origin of the hamburger is because the two basic ingredients, bread and beef, were prepared and consumed separately for many years before their combination.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century." ] ]

[ 1, 10, 17, 2 ]

[ "Have you heard of Kobe beef? It is special beef from Japan.", "Yeah they kept the Kobe beef cow separate from cross breeding. There are 4 breeds for the purpose.", "Not really but I think they like to eat it in steak form. I prefer corned beef myself.", "Sure the cattle were brought to Japan from China in the 2nd century AD." ]

[ "Kobe beef", "Kobe beef", "Kobe beef", "Kobe beef" ]

[ "Aquarium", "I don't but I am fascinated by them. What kind of fish are in your aquarium?", "That is so cool. Is it hard to build auariums?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Aquarium __knowledge__ An aquarium (plural: \"aquariums\" or \"aquaria\") is a vivarium of any size having at least one transparent side in which aquatic plants or animals are kept and displayed.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ Fishkeepers use aquaria to keep fish, invertebrates, amphibians, aquatic reptiles such as turtles, and aquatic plants.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ The term \"aquarium\", coined by English naturalist Philip Henry Gosse, combines the Latin root \"aqua\", meaning water, with the suffix \"-arium\", meaning \"a place for relating to\".", "Aquarium __knowledge__ The aquarium principle was fully developed in 1850 by the chemist Robert Warington, who explained that plants added to water in a container would give off enough oxygen to support animals, so long as the numbers of animals did not grow too large.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ The aquarium craze was launched in early Victorian England by Gosse, who created and stocked the first public aquarium at the London Zoo in 1853, and published the first manual, \"The Aquarium: An Unveiling of the Wonders of the Deep Sea\" in 1854.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ An aquarium is a water-filled tank in which fish swim about.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ Small aquariums are kept in the home by hobbyists.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ There are larger public aquariums in many cities.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ This kind of aquarium is a building with fish and other aquatic animals in large tanks." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Aquarium __knowledge__ An aquarium (plural: \"aquariums\" or \"aquaria\") is a vivarium of any size having at least one transparent side in which aquatic plants or animals are kept and displayed.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ Fishkeepers use aquaria to keep fish, invertebrates, amphibians, aquatic reptiles such as turtles, and aquatic plants.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ The term \"aquarium\", coined by English naturalist Philip Henry Gosse, combines the Latin root \"aqua\", meaning water, with the suffix \"-arium\", meaning \"a place for relating to\".", "Aquarium __knowledge__ The aquarium principle was fully developed in 1850 by the chemist Robert Warington, who explained that plants added to water in a container would give off enough oxygen to support animals, so long as the numbers of animals did not grow too large.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ The aquarium craze was launched in early Victorian England by Gosse, who created and stocked the first public aquarium at the London Zoo in 1853, and published the first manual, \"The Aquarium: An Unveiling of the Wonders of the Deep Sea\" in 1854.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ An aquarium is a water-filled tank in which fish swim about.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ Small aquariums are kept in the home by hobbyists.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ There are larger public aquariums in many cities.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ This kind of aquarium is a building with fish and other aquatic animals in large tanks.", "Fishkeeping __knowledge__ Fishkeeping is a popular hobby, practiced by aquarists, concerned with keeping fish in a home aquarium or garden pond.", "Fishkeeping __knowledge__ There is also a piscicultural fishkeeping industry, as a branch of agriculture.", "Fishkeeping __knowledge__ Fish have been raised as food in pools and ponds for thousands of years.", "Fishkeeping __knowledge__ Brightly colored or tame specimens of fish in these pools have sometimes been valued as pets rather than food.", "Fishkeeping __knowledge__ Many other cultures kept fish for both functional and decorative purposes.", "Fishkeeping __knowledge__ Ancient Sumerians kept wild-caught fish in ponds, before preparing them for meals.", "Fishkeeping __knowledge__ Depictions of the sacred fish of Oxyrhynchus kept in captivity in rectangular temple pools have been found in ancient Egyptian art.", "Monterey Bay Aquarium __knowledge__ Monterey Bay Aquarium is a nonprofit public aquarium in Monterey, California.", "Monterey Bay Aquarium __knowledge__ The aquarium is known for its regional focus on the marine habitats of Monterey Bay, being the first institution to exhibit a living kelp forest.", "Monterey Bay Aquarium __knowledge__ Its biologists have pioneered the animal husbandry of jellyfish and, , it remains the only public aquarium to have successfully exhibited a great white shark for longer than 16 days.", "Monterey Bay Aquarium __knowledge__ The aquarium participates in various animal breeding programs, publishes scientific research, and hosts and partakes in conferences.", "Monterey Bay Aquarium __knowledge__ Seafood Watch, the aquarium's seafood consumer awareness program, has had an influential role among consumers and businesses in enhancing sustainable fishing practices.", "Marine aquarium __knowledge__ A marine aquarium is an aquarium that keeps marine plants and animals in a contained environment.", "Marine aquarium __knowledge__ Marine aquaria are further subdivided by hobbyists into fish only (FO), fish only with live rock (FOWLR), and reef aquaria.", "Marine aquarium __knowledge__ Fish only tanks often showcase large or aggressive marine fish species and generally rely on mechanical and chemical filtration.", "Marine aquarium __knowledge__ FOWLR and reef tanks use live rock, a material composed of coral skeletons harboring beneficial nitrogen waste metabolizing bacteria, as a means of more natural biological filtration.", "Marine aquarium __knowledge__ Marine fishkeeping is different from its freshwater counterpart because of the fundamental differences in the constitution of saltwater and the resulting differences in the adaptation of its inhabitants.", "Vancouver Aquarium __knowledge__ The Vancouver Aquarium (officially the Vancouver Aquarium Marine Science Centre) is a public aquarium located in Stanley Park in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.", "Vancouver Aquarium __knowledge__ In addition to being a major tourist attraction for Vancouver, the aquarium is a centre for marine research, conservation and marine animal rehabilitation.", "Vancouver Aquarium __knowledge__ The Vancouver Aquarium was one of the first facilities to incorporate professional naturalists into the galleries to interpret animal behaviours.", "Vancouver Aquarium __knowledge__ Prior to this, at the London Zoo Fish House, naturalists James S. Bowerbank, Ray Lankester, David W. Mitchell and Philip H. Gosse (the creator of the word aquarium) had regularly held \"open house\" events, but the Vancouver Aquarium was the first to employ educational naturalists on a full-time basis.", "Tennessee Aquarium __knowledge__ The Tennessee Aquarium is a non-profit public aquarium located in Chattanooga, Tennessee, United States.", "Tennessee Aquarium __knowledge__ It opened in 1992 on the banks of the Tennessee River in downtown Chattanooga, with a major expansion added in 2005.", "Tennessee Aquarium __knowledge__ The Aquarium, which has been accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) since 1993, is home to more than 12,000 animals representing almost 800 species.", "Tennessee Aquarium __knowledge__ More than 20 million people have visited the facility, with the twenty-millionth visitor arriving in March 2013.", "Tennessee Aquarium __knowledge__ It is consistently recognized as one of the country's top public aquariums.", "Tennessee Aquarium __knowledge__ The Tennessee Aquarium's exhibits are housed in two structures, the original River Journey building which opened in 1992 and the neighboring Ocean Journey expansion, which opened in 2005.", "National Aquarium (Baltimore) __knowledge__ The National Aquarium (formerly known originally as the Baltimore Aquarium when it opened in 1981, then shortly later as the National Aquarium in Baltimore) is a non-profit public aquarium located at 501 East Pratt Street on Pier 3 in the Inner Harbor area of downtown Baltimore, Maryland in the United States.", "National Aquarium (Baltimore) __knowledge__ Constructed during a period of urban renewal in Baltimore, the aquarium opened on August 8, 1981.", "National Aquarium (Baltimore) __knowledge__ The aquarium has an annual attendance of 1.5 million visitors and is the largest tourism attraction in the State of Maryland.", "National Aquarium (Baltimore) __knowledge__ The Aquarium holds more than of water, and has more than 17,000 specimens representing over 750 species.", "World Association of Zoos and Aquariums __knowledge__ The World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA) is the \"umbrella\" organisation for the world zoo and aquarium community.", "World Association of Zoos and Aquariums __knowledge__ Its mission is to provide leadership and support for zoos, aquariums, and partner organizations of the world in animal care and welfare, conservation of biodiversity, environmental education and global sustainability.", "World Association of Zoos and Aquariums __knowledge__ The organisation is based in Gland, Switzerland.", "World Association of Zoos and Aquariums __knowledge__ After an earlier International Union of Directors of Zoological Gardens (IUDZG), founded in 1935 at Basel, Switzerland, ceased to exist during World War II, a new IUDZG was founded in Rotterdam in 1946 by a group of zoo directors from allied or neutral countries.", "Reef aquarium __knowledge__ A reef aquarium or reef tank is a marine aquarium that prominently displays live corals and other marine invertebrates as well as fish that play a role in maintaining the tropical coral reef environment.", "Reef aquarium __knowledge__ A reef aquarium requires appropriately intense lighting, turbulent water movement, and more stable water chemistry than fish-only marine aquaria, and careful consideration is given to which reef animals are appropriate and compatible with each other.", "Reef aquarium __knowledge__ Reef aquariums consist of a number of components, in addition to the livestock, including: Display tank: The primary tank in which the livestock are kept and shown.", "Freshwater aquarium __knowledge__ A freshwater aquarium is a receptacle that holds one or more freshwater aquatic organisms for decorative, pet-keeping, or research purposes.", "Freshwater aquarium __knowledge__ Modern aquariums are most often made from transparent glass or acrylic glass.", "Freshwater aquarium __knowledge__ Typical inhabitants include fish, plants, amphibians, and invertebrates, such as snails and crustaceans.", "Freshwater aquarium __knowledge__ Freshwater fish may be either coldwater or tropical species.", "Freshwater aquarium __knowledge__ Although freshwater aquariums can be set up as community tanks, coldwater and tropical fish are generally not mixed due to incompatibilities in temperature requirements.", "Freshwater aquarium __knowledge__ Coldwater aquariums house goldfish and other species that do not require a heating apparatus.", "Canada's Accredited Zoos and Aquariums __knowledge__ Canada's Accredited Zoos and Aquariums - CAZA () is an accreditation and advocacy organization representing zoos and aquariums within Canada.", "Canada's Accredited Zoos and Aquariums __knowledge__ The organization states that its member zoos and aquariums care for more than 100,000 individual animals representing over 2000 species of wildlife, observed by an estimated 11 million visitors each year.", "Canada's Accredited Zoos and Aquariums __knowledge__ The organization is a member of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums.", "Canada's Accredited Zoos and Aquariums __knowledge__ The organization was founded in 1975 at a conference of the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (then named the American Association of Zoological Parks and Aquariums).", "List of marine aquarium fish species __knowledge__ The following list of marine aquarium fish species commonly available in the aquarium trade is not a completely comprehensive list; certain rare specimens may available commercially yet not be listed here.", "List of marine aquarium fish species __knowledge__ A brief section on each, with a link to the page about the particular species is provided along with references for further information.", "List of marine aquarium fish species __knowledge__ These large fish are considered to be quite hardy, but because of their size may present a significant challenge to the keeper.", "List of marine aquarium fish species __knowledge__ They need huge aquariums, up to 180 gallons to house one for its entire lifespan.", "List of marine aquarium fish species __knowledge__ Two angels might be kept in the same aquarium provided it is a large aquarium, they are properly acclimated as juveniles, and they have very different colouring and body shape." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Aquarium __knowledge__ An aquarium (plural: \"aquariums\" or \"aquaria\") is a vivarium of any size having at least one transparent side in which aquatic plants or animals are kept and displayed.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ Fishkeepers use aquaria to keep fish, invertebrates, amphibians, aquatic reptiles such as turtles, and aquatic plants.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ The term \"aquarium\", coined by English naturalist Philip Henry Gosse, combines the Latin root \"aqua\", meaning water, with the suffix \"-arium\", meaning \"a place for relating to\".", "Aquarium __knowledge__ The aquarium principle was fully developed in 1850 by the chemist Robert Warington, who explained that plants added to water in a container would give off enough oxygen to support animals, so long as the numbers of animals did not grow too large.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ The aquarium craze was launched in early Victorian England by Gosse, who created and stocked the first public aquarium at the London Zoo in 1853, and published the first manual, \"The Aquarium: An Unveiling of the Wonders of the Deep Sea\" in 1854.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ An aquarium is a water-filled tank in which fish swim about.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ Small aquariums are kept in the home by hobbyists.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ There are larger public aquariums in many cities.", "Aquarium __knowledge__ This kind of aquarium is a building with fish and other aquatic animals in large tanks.", "Vitis mengziensis __knowledge__ Vitis mengziensis is a species of plant in the grape family.", "Vitis mengziensis __knowledge__ It is found in the province of Yunnan in China, where it is known by the name meng zi pu tao, meaning Mengzi or Mengtze grape.", "Vitis mengziensis __knowledge__ The specific epithet \"mengziensis\" and vernacular Chinese name refer to Mengzi, a county in the southeast of Yunnan.", "Vitis mengziensis __knowledge__ It grows in temperate rainforests, at elevations near 1600 meters.", "Neville Knox __knowledge__ Neville Alexander Knox (10 October 1884, Clapham, London – 3 March 1935, Surbiton, Surrey) was an English fast bowler of the late 1900s and effectively the successor to Tom Richardson and William Lockwood in the Surrey team.", "Neville Knox __knowledge__ Because of his profession as a singer, Knox's career was short, but he was undoubtedly the fastest bowler of his time and one of the fastest bowlers ever to play for England – probably capable of speeds over 150 km/h (93 mph).", "Neville Knox __knowledge__ Knox attended Dulwich College.", "Neville Knox __knowledge__ He played two matches for Surrey in 1904 without achieving a great deal, but the following year, aided by some fiery pitches at The Oval, advanced so much that he was an excellent backup to Walter Lees in a major Surrey revival.", "David Hilbert __knowledge__ David Hilbert (; 23 January 1862 – 14 February 1943) was a German mathematician.", "David Hilbert __knowledge__ He is recognized as one of the most influential and universal mathematicians of the 19th and early 20th centuries.", "David Hilbert __knowledge__ Hilbert discovered and developed a broad range of fundamental ideas in many areas, including invariant theory and the axiomatization of geometry.", "David Hilbert __knowledge__ He also formulated the theory of Hilbert spaces, one of the foundations of functional analysis.", "David Hilbert __knowledge__ Hilbert adopted and warmly defended Georg Cantor's set theory and transfinite numbers.", "David Hilbert __knowledge__ A famous example of his leadership in mathematics is his 1900 presentation of a collection of problems that set the course for much of the mathematical research of the 20th century.", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ James Todd Smith (born January 14, 1968), better known by his stage name LL Cool J (short for Ladies Love Cool James), is an American rapper, actor, author and entrepreneur from Queens, New York.", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ He is known for such hip hop hits as \"Going Back to Cali\", \"I'm Bad\", \"The Boomin' System\", \"Rock The Bells\" and \"Mama Said Knock You Out\", as well as romantic ballads such as \"Doin' It\", \"I Need Love\", \"Around the Way Girl\" and \"Hey Lover\".", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ LL Cool J has released 13 studio albums and two greatest hits compilations.", "LL Cool J __knowledge__ His twelfth album \"Exit 13\" (2008), was his last for his long-tenured deal with Def Jam Recordings.", "Aayiram Jenmangal __knowledge__ Aayiram Jenmangal () is a 1978 Tamil-language horror film directed by Durai, starring Vijayakumar, Latha, Rajinikanth and Padmapriya in the lead roles.", "Aayiram Jenmangal __knowledge__ It was the first horror film of Rajinikanth.", "Aayiram Jenmangal __knowledge__ The movie was a hit at the box office.", "Aayiram Jenmangal __knowledge__ Ravi (Vijayakumar) is happily married to Savitri (Latha).", "Aayiram Jenmangal __knowledge__ Savitri’s brother Ramesh (Rajinikanth) has come from Singapore, and they all go to Ravi’s estate for a vacation.", "Aayiram Jenmangal __knowledge__ And that night starts Savitri’s terrible ordeal.", "Aayiram Jenmangal __knowledge__ An apparition is visible only to her eye; an eerie song and the sound of anklets make themselves heard only to her ears.", "Aayiram Jenmangal __knowledge__ And before she realizes what is happening, another spirit enters her body, driving out her own spirit!", "Glasir __knowledge__ In Norse mythology, Glasir (Old Norse \"gleaming\") is a tree or grove, described as \"the most beautiful among gods and men\", bearing golden red leaves located in the realm of Asgard, outside the doors of Valhalla.", "Glasir __knowledge__ Glasir is attested in the 13th century \"Prose Edda\" book \"Skáldskaparmál\" where it receives three mentions, one of which mentions its location and all of which focus on the golden leaves of the tree.", "Glasir __knowledge__ Glasislundr (Old Norse \"Glasir's Grove\") appears in the \"Poetic Edda\" poem \"Helgakviða Hjörvarðssonar\".", "Glasir __knowledge__ The \"Poetic Edda\" poem \"Helgakviða Hjörvarðssonar\" opens in Glasislundr, where a talking bird offers his services in exchange for a sacrifice from the prince Atli Fránmarsson.", "Donatas Plungė __knowledge__ Donatas Plungė (born November 11, 1960) is a retired male hammer thrower from Lithuania, who competed in the late 1980s and early 1990s on the highest level.", "Donatas Plungė __knowledge__ He set his personal best (80.78 metres) on September 22, 1989 at a meet in Volgograd.", "Fishkeeping __knowledge__ Fishkeeping is a popular hobby, practiced by aquarists, concerned with keeping fish in a home aquarium or garden pond.", "Fishkeeping __knowledge__ There is also a piscicultural fishkeeping industry, as a branch of agriculture.", "Fishkeeping __knowledge__ Fish have been raised as food in pools and ponds for thousands of years.", "Fishkeeping __knowledge__ Brightly colored or tame specimens of fish in these pools have sometimes been valued as pets rather than food.", "Fishkeeping __knowledge__ Many other cultures kept fish for both functional and decorative purposes.", "Fishkeeping __knowledge__ Ancient Sumerians kept wild-caught fish in ponds, before preparing them for meals.", "Fishkeeping __knowledge__ Depictions of the sacred fish of Oxyrhynchus kept in captivity in rectangular temple pools have been found in ancient Egyptian art.", "Aquatic mammal __knowledge__ Aquatic and semiaquatic mammals are a diverse group of mammals that dwell partly or entirely in bodies of water.", "Aquatic mammal __knowledge__ They include the various marine mammals who dwell in oceans, as well as various freshwater species, such as the European otter.", "Aquatic mammal __knowledge__ They are not a taxon and are not unified by any distinct biological grouping, but rather their dependence on and integral relation to aquatic ecosystems.", "Aquatic mammal __knowledge__ The level of dependence on aquatic life are vastly different among species, with the Amazonian manatee and river dolphins being completely aquatic and fully dependent on aquatic ecosystems; whereas the Baikal seal feeds underwater but rests, molts, and breeds on land; and the capybara and hippopotamus are able to venture in and out of water in search of food.", "Green sea turtle __knowledge__ The green sea turtle (\"Chelonia mydas\"), also known as the green turtle, black (sea) turtle or Pacific green turtle, is a large sea turtle of the family Cheloniidae.", "Green sea turtle __knowledge__ It is the only species in the genus Chelonia.", "Green sea turtle __knowledge__ Its range extends throughout tropical and subtropical seas around the world, with two distinct populations in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, but it is also found in the Indian Ocean.", "Green sea turtle __knowledge__ The common name comes from the usually green fat found beneath its carapace; these turtles' shells are olive to black.", "Green sea turtle __knowledge__ This sea turtle's dorsoventrally flattened body is covered by a large, teardrop-shaped carapace; it has a pair of large, paddle-like flippers.", "Lake ecosystem __knowledge__ A lake ecosystem includes biotic (living) plants, animals and micro-organisms, as well as abiotic (nonliving) physical and chemical interactions.", "Lake ecosystem __knowledge__ Lake ecosystems are a prime example of lentic ecosystems.", "Lake ecosystem __knowledge__ \"Lentic\" refers to stationary or relatively still water, from the Latin \"lentus\", which means sluggish.", "Lake ecosystem __knowledge__ Lentic waters range from ponds to lakes to wetlands, and much of this article applies to lentic ecosystems in general.", "Lake ecosystem __knowledge__ Lentic ecosystems can be compared with lotic ecosystems, which involve flowing terrestrial waters such as rivers and streams.", "Lake ecosystem __knowledge__ Together, these two fields form the more general study area of freshwater or aquatic ecology.", "Turtle __knowledge__ Turtles are reptiles of the order Testudines (or Chelonii) characterized by a special bony or cartilaginous shell developed from their ribs and acting as a shield.", "Turtle __knowledge__ \"Turtle\" may refer to the order as a whole (American English) or to fresh-water and sea-dwelling testudines (British English).", "Turtle __knowledge__ The order Testudines includes both extant (living) and extinct species.", "Turtle __knowledge__ The earliest known members of this group date from , making turtles one of the oldest reptile groups and a more ancient group than snakes or crocodilians.", "Turtle __knowledge__ Of the 356 known species alive today, some are highly endangered.", "Turtle __knowledge__ Turtles are ectotherms—animals commonly called cold-blooded—meaning that their internal temperature varies according to the ambient environment.", "Aquaculture __knowledge__ Aquaculture is the farming of fish, crustaceans, molluscs, aquatic plants, algae, and other aquatic organisms.", "Aquaculture __knowledge__ Aquaculture involves cultivating freshwater and saltwater populations under controlled conditions, and can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is the harvesting of wild fish.", "Aquaculture __knowledge__ It is less commonly spelled aquiculture), and is also known as aquafarming.", "Aquaculture __knowledge__ Mariculture refers to aquaculture practiced in marine environments and in underwater habitats.", "Aquaculture __knowledge__ According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), aquaculture \"is understood to mean the farming of aquatic organisms including fish, molluscs, crustaceans and aquatic plants." ] ]

[ 7, 2, 4 ]

[ "I build aquariums for a living! I am a hobbyist as well and keep some aquariums at home! How about you?", "Awesome! I keep exotic fish, turtles, and aquatic plants in my tanks! I love feeding them at work.", "Correct! I always admire Robert Warington because he developed the complex idea of an aquarium in 1850!" ]

[ "Aquarium", "Aquarium", "Aquarium" ]

[ "American Red Cross\nI would like to volunteer at the Red Cross someday.", "What are some of the programs?", "Do volunteers travel or are they in most locations already?", "That sounds like a very rewarding volunteer job. What else can you tell me?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ The American Red Cross (ARC), also known as the American National Red Cross, is a humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance, disaster relief and education in the United States.", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ It is the designated US affiliate of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and the United States movement to the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ The organization offers services and development programs.", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ ARC was established in Washington, D.C. on May 21, 1881, by Clara Barton.", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ She became its first president.", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ Barton organized a meeting on May 12 of that year at the home of Senator Omar D. Conger (R, MI).", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ Fifteen people were present at this first meeting, including Barton, Conger and Representative William Lawrence (R, OH) (who became the first vice-president).", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ The first local chapter was established in 1881 at the English Evangelical Lutheran Church of Dansville at Dansville, New York.", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ Jane Delano (1862–1919) founded the American Red Cross Nursing Service on January 20, 1910.", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ Clara Barton (1821–1912) founded the American chapter after learning of the Red Cross in Geneva, Switzerland.", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ In 1869, she went to Europe and became involved in the work of the International Red Cross during the Franco-Prussian War.", "International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement __knowledge__ The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is an international humanitarian movement with approximately 97 million volunteers, members and staff worldwide which was founded to protect human life and health, to ensure respect for all human beings, and to prevent and alleviate human suffering.", "International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement __knowledge__ The movement consists of several distinct organizations that are legally independent from each other, but are united within the movement through common basic principles, objectives, symbols, statutes and governing organisations.", "International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement __knowledge__ The movement's parts are: Until the middle of the 19th century, there were no organized and/or well-established army nursing systems for casualties and no safe and protected institutions to accommodate and treat those who were wounded on the battlefield.", "British Red Cross __knowledge__ The British Red Cross Society is the United Kingdom body of the worldwide neutral and impartial humanitarian network the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.", "British Red Cross __knowledge__ The society was formed in 1870, and is a registered charity with more than 32,500 volunteers and 3,500 staff.", "British Red Cross __knowledge__ At the heart of their work is providing help to people in crisis, both in the UK and overseas.", "British Red Cross __knowledge__ The Red Cross is committed to helping people without discrimination, regardless of their ethnic origin, nationality, political beliefs or religion.", "British Red Cross __knowledge__ The mission of the British Red Cross is to mobilise the power of humanity so that individuals and communities can prepare for, deal with and recover from a crisis, summed up by the strapline 'refusing to ignore people in crisis'.", "Red Cross Youth (Philippines) __knowledge__ The Red Cross Youth is one of the six major services of the Philippine Red Cross.", "Red Cross Youth (Philippines) __knowledge__ Its mission is to educate and empower the children and youth in the spirit of Red Cross through constructive trainings and effective leadership, and provide opportunities for directing and harnessing their energy and idealism into worthwhile humanitarian activities.", "Red Cross Youth (Philippines) __knowledge__ When the Philippine Branch became a Chapter of the American Red Cross on December 4, 1917, it included the Junior Red Cross (JRC) among its activities.", "Red Cross Youth (Philippines) __knowledge__ The Director of Education who was elected chairman of the JRC, directed the work of 6,000 children in JRC in the schools of Manila.", "International Committee of the Red Cross __knowledge__ The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is a humanitarian institution based in Geneva, Switzerland, and a three-time Nobel Prize Laureate.", "International Committee of the Red Cross __knowledge__ State parties (signatories) to the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and their Additional Protocols of 1977 (Protocol I, Protocol II) and 2005 have given the ICRC a mandate to protect victims of international and internal armed conflicts.", "International Committee of the Red Cross __knowledge__ Such victims include war wounded, prisoners, refugees, civilians, and other non-combatants.", "International Committee of the Red Cross __knowledge__ The ICRC is part of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement along with the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) and 190 National Societies.", "Emblems of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement __knowledge__ The emblems of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, under the Geneva Conventions, are to be placed on humanitarian and medical vehicles and buildings, and to be worn by medical personnel and others carrying out humanitarian work, to protect them from military attack on the battlefield.", "Emblems of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement __knowledge__ There are four such emblems, three of which are in use: the Red Cross, the Red Crescent, and the Red Crystal.", "Emblems of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement __knowledge__ The Red Lion and Sun is also a recognized emblem, but is no longer in use.", "Emblems of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement __knowledge__ There were also prior disputes concerning the use of a Red Star of David by Magen David Adom (MDA), the Israeli first-aid society; the Red Crystal was created in response to these disputes, thus enabling the admission of MDA to the movement.", "Romanian Red Cross __knowledge__ The Romanian Red Cross (CRR), also known as the National Society of Red Cross from Romania (\"Societatea Naționalǎ de Cruce Roșie din România\"), is a volunteer-led, humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance, disaster relief and education inside Romania.", "Romanian Red Cross __knowledge__ It is the designated national affiliate of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.", "Romanian Red Cross __knowledge__ Romania became a signatory to the First Geneva Convention of 1864 and ratified it in 1874.", "Romanian Red Cross __knowledge__ Two years later, on July 4, 1876, the Romanian Red Cross Society was founded in Romania and began work in the present headquarters of the Colțea Hospital in Bucharest." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ The American Red Cross (ARC), also known as the American National Red Cross, is a humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance, disaster relief and education in the United States.", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ It is the designated US affiliate of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and the United States movement to the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ The organization offers services and development programs.", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ ARC was established in Washington, D.C. on May 21, 1881, by Clara Barton.", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ She became its first president.", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ Barton organized a meeting on May 12 of that year at the home of Senator Omar D. Conger (R, MI).", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ Fifteen people were present at this first meeting, including Barton, Conger and Representative William Lawrence (R, OH) (who became the first vice-president).", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ The first local chapter was established in 1881 at the English Evangelical Lutheran Church of Dansville at Dansville, New York.", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ Jane Delano (1862–1919) founded the American Red Cross Nursing Service on January 20, 1910.", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ Clara Barton (1821–1912) founded the American chapter after learning of the Red Cross in Geneva, Switzerland.", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ In 1869, she went to Europe and became involved in the work of the International Red Cross during the Franco-Prussian War.", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ The Master of Business Administration (MBA or M.B.A.) is a master's degree in business administration (management).", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ The MBA degree originated in the United States in the early 20th century when the country industrialized and companies sought scientific approaches to management.", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ The core courses in an MBA program cover various areas of business such as accounting, applied statistics, business communication, business ethics, business law, finance, managerial economics, management, marketing and operations in a manner most relevant to management analysis and strategy.", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ Most programs also include elective courses and concentrations for further study in a particular area, for example accounting, finance, and marketing.", "Workplace wellness __knowledge__ Workplace wellness is any workplace health promotion activity or organizational policy designed to support healthy behavior in the workplace and to improve health outcomes.", "Workplace wellness __knowledge__ Known as 'corporate wellbeing' outside the US, workplace wellness often comprises activities such as health education, medical screenings, weight management programs, on-site fitness programs or facilities.", "Workplace wellness __knowledge__ These programs can be classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary health programs, depending on the goal of the specific program.", "Workplace wellness __knowledge__ Primary prevention programs usually target a fairly healthy employee population, and encourage them to more frequently engage in health behaviors that will encourage ongoing good health.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ Television is one of the major mass media of the United States.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ , household ownership of television sets in the country is 96.7%, with approximately 114,200,000 American households owning at least one television set as of August 2013.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ The majority of households have more than one set.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ The peak ownership percentage of households with at least one television set occurred during the 1996–97 season, with 98.4% ownership.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ As a whole, the television networks that broadcast in the United States are the largest and most distributed in the world, and programs produced specifically for U.S.-based networks are the most widely syndicated internationally.", "Television content rating system __knowledge__ Television content rating systems are systems for evaluating the content and reporting the suitability of television programs for children, teenagers, or adults.", "Television content rating system __knowledge__ Many countries have their own television rating system and countries' rating processes vary by local priorities.", "Television content rating system __knowledge__ Programs are rated by the organization that manages the system, the broadcaster, or the content producers.", "Television content rating system __knowledge__ A rating is usually set for each individual episode of a television series.", "Television content rating system __knowledge__ The rating can change per episode, network, rerun, and country.", "Television content rating system __knowledge__ As such, program ratings are usually not meaningful unless when and where the rating is used is mentioned.", "MTS system architecture __knowledge__ MTS System Architecture describes the software organization of the Michigan Terminal System, a time-sharing computer operating system in use from 1967 to 1999 on IBM S/360-67, IBM System/370, and compatible computers.", "MTS system architecture __knowledge__ UMMPS, the supervisor, has complete control of the hardware and manages a collection of job programs.", "MTS system architecture __knowledge__ One of the job programs is MTS, the job program with which most users interact.", "MTS system architecture __knowledge__ MTS operates as a collection of command language subsystems (CLSs).", "MTS system architecture __knowledge__ One of the CLSs allows for the execution of user programs.", "MTS system architecture __knowledge__ MTS provides a collection of system subroutines that are available to CLSs, user programs, and MTS itself.", "Sex education in the United States __knowledge__ Sex education in the United States is taught in two main forms: comprehensive sex education and abstinence-only.", "Sex education in the United States __knowledge__ Comprehensive sex education is also called abstinence-based, abstinence-plus, abstinence-plus-risk-reduction, and sexual risk reduction sex education.", "Sex education in the United States __knowledge__ This approach covers abstinence as a choice option, but also informs adolescents about human sexuality, age of consent and the availability of contraception and techniques to avoid contraction of sexually transmitted infections.", "Sex education in the United States __knowledge__ Abstinence-only sex education is also called abstinence-centered, abstinence-only-until-marriage, sexual risk avoidance, and most recently, youth empowerment sex education.", "New Deal __knowledge__ The New Deal was a series of federal programs, public work projects, financial reforms and regulations enacted in the United States during the 1930s in response to the Great Depression.", "New Deal __knowledge__ Some of these federal programs included the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), the Civil Works Administration (CWA), the Farm Security Administration (FSA), the National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 (NIRA) and the Social Security Administration (SSA).", "New Deal __knowledge__ These programs included support for farmers, the unemployed, youth and the elderly as well as new constraints and safeguards on the banking industry and changes to the monetary system.", "Personal development __knowledge__ Personal development covers activities that improve awareness and identity, develop talents and potential, build human capital and facilitate employability, enhance the quality of life and contribute to the realization of dreams and aspirations.", "Personal development __knowledge__ Personal development takes place over the course of a person's entire life.", "Personal development __knowledge__ Not limited to self-help, the concept involves formal and informal activities for developing others in roles such as teacher, guide, counselor, manager, life coach or mentor.", "Personal development __knowledge__ When personal development takes place in the context of institutions, it refers to the methods, programs, tools, techniques, and assessment systems that support human development at the individual level in organizations.", "Katipunan ng Kabataan __knowledge__ The Katipunan ng Kabataan (KK) which means Youth Federation in English, is the mainstream federation of Filipino youths duly sponsored by the government of the Republic of the Philippines.", "Katipunan ng Kabataan __knowledge__ It has chapters in all the 41,996 barangays of the country.", "Katipunan ng Kabataan __knowledge__ Its chapter officers are elected at large by the members of the Katipunan ng Kabataan in each Barangay.", "Katipunan ng Kabataan __knowledge__ The officers elected are known as the Sangguniang Kabataan, whose term of office is usually three years, although this has been extended in some cases.", "Katipunan ng Kabataan __knowledge__ The Katipunan ng Kabataan is not as popular as the Sangguniang Kabataan, although its members who are at least fifteen years old but not more than eighteen years based on the latest law, vote the officers that compose the Sangguniang Kabataan (Youth Council).", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication refers to the use of communication to facilitate social development.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication engages stakeholders and policy makers, establishes conducive environments, assesses risks and opportunities and promotes information exchanges to bring about positive social change via sustainable development.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication techniques include information dissemination and education, behavior change, social marketing, social mobilization, media advocacy, communication for social change and community participation.", "Development communication __knowledge__ Development communication has been labeled the \"Fifth Theory of the Press\", with \"social transformation and development\", and \"the fulfillment of basic needs\" as its primary purposes.", "Economic development incentive __knowledge__ An economic development incentive can be strictly defined as “cash or near-cash assistance provided on a discretionary basis to attract or retain business operations.", "Economic development incentive __knowledge__ In practice, however, it is a broadly used term denoting an array of benefits designed to promote new business activity or to encourage business or job retention.", "Economic development incentive __knowledge__ These benefits principally encompass tax and economic incentives provided by federal, state or local governmental bodies.", "Economic development incentive __knowledge__ Other entities, such as utilities and non-profits, can also make incentives available for these purposes.", "Economic development incentive __knowledge__ They accord the recipient, in some manner, a monetary benefit (i.e., tax incentives) or an in-kind benefit (e.g., state regulatory releases of environmental liability, municipal infrastructure improvements).", "Information and communication technologies for development __knowledge__ Information and communication technologies for development (ICT4D) refers to the application of information and communication technologies (ICT) toward social, economic, and political development, with a particular emphasis on helping poor and marginalized people and communities.", "Information and communication technologies for development __knowledge__ It aims to help in international development by bridging the digital divide and providing equitable access to technologies.", "Information and communication technologies for development __knowledge__ ICT4D is grounded in the notions of \"development\", \"growth\", \"progress\" and \"globalization\" and is often interpreted as the use of technology to deliver a greater good.", "Information and communication technologies for development __knowledge__ Another similar term used in the literature is \"digital development\".", "United States Agency for International Development __knowledge__ The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) is an independent agency of the United States federal government that is primarily responsible for administering civilian foreign aid and development assistance.", "United States Agency for International Development __knowledge__ With a budget of over $27 billion, USAID is one of the largest official aid agencies in the world, and accounts for more than half of all U.S. foreign assistance (which in absolute dollar terms is the highest in the world).", "United States Agency for International Development __knowledge__ Congress passed the Foreign Assistance Act on September 4, 1961, which reorganized U.S. foreign assistance programs and mandated the creation of an agency to administer economic aid.", "Development aid __knowledge__ Development aid (also development assistance, technical assistance, international aid, overseas aid, official development assistance (ODA), or foreign aid) is financial aid given by governments and other agencies to support the economic, environmental, social, and political development of developing countries.", "Development aid __knowledge__ It is distinguished from humanitarian aid by focusing on alleviating poverty in the long term, rather than a short term response.", "Development aid __knowledge__ The term development co-operation, which is used, for example, by the World Health Organization (WHO) is used to express the idea that a partnership should exist between donor and recipient, rather than the traditional situation in which the relationship was dominated by the wealth and specialised knowledge of one side." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ The American Red Cross (ARC), also known as the American National Red Cross, is a humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance, disaster relief and education in the United States.", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ It is the designated US affiliate of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and the United States movement to the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ The organization offers services and development programs.", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ ARC was established in Washington, D.C. on May 21, 1881, by Clara Barton.", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ She became its first president.", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ Barton organized a meeting on May 12 of that year at the home of Senator Omar D. Conger (R, MI).", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ Fifteen people were present at this first meeting, including Barton, Conger and Representative William Lawrence (R, OH) (who became the first vice-president).", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ The first local chapter was established in 1881 at the English Evangelical Lutheran Church of Dansville at Dansville, New York.", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ Jane Delano (1862–1919) founded the American Red Cross Nursing Service on January 20, 1910.", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ Clara Barton (1821–1912) founded the American chapter after learning of the Red Cross in Geneva, Switzerland.", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ In 1869, she went to Europe and became involved in the work of the International Red Cross during the Franco-Prussian War.", "Habitat for Humanity __knowledge__ Habitat for Humanity International (HFHI), generally referred to as Habitat for Humanity or simply Habitat, is an international, non-governmental, and nonprofit organization, which was founded in 1976.", "Habitat for Humanity __knowledge__ Habitat has been devoted to building \"simple, decent, and affordable\" housing, a self-described \"Christian housing ministry,\" and has addressed the issues of poverty housing all over the world.", "Habitat for Humanity __knowledge__ The international operational headquarters are located in Americus, Georgia, United States, with the administrative headquarters located in Atlanta.", "Habitat for Humanity __knowledge__ There are five area offices located around the world: United States and Canada; Africa and the Middle East (located in Pretoria, South Africa); Asia-Pacific (Manila, Philippines); Europe and Central Asia (Bratislava, Slovakia); and Latin America and the Caribbean (San Jose, Costa Rica).", "Burger King franchises __knowledge__ The majority of the locations of international fast-food restaurant chain Burger King are privately owned franchises.", "Burger King franchises __knowledge__ While the majority of franchisees are smaller operations, several have grown into major corporations in their own right.", "Burger King franchises __knowledge__ At the end of the company's fiscal year in 2015, Burger King reported it had more than 15,000 outlets in 84 countries; of these, approximately 50% are in the United States and 99.9% are privately owned and operated.", "Burger King franchises __knowledge__ The company locations employ more than 37,000 people who serve approximately 11.4 million customers daily.", "Burger King franchises __knowledge__ Since its predecessor's inception in 1953, Burger King has used several variations of franchising to expand its operations.", "January 2000 North American blizzard __knowledge__ The Carolina Crusher was one of the most powerful winter storms on record in parts of North Carolina.", "January 2000 North American blizzard __knowledge__ The storm hit Central Virginia on January 25, 2000 causing thousands of power outages within the area leaving 11 inches in Richmond, VA and 20.3 inches in Raleigh-Durham International Airport before moving out to the Atlantic.", "January 2000 North American blizzard __knowledge__ The storm occurred during a mild winter with below-average snowfall across much of the East Coast.", "January 2000 North American blizzard __knowledge__ The major storm portion began on Friday January 21st; snow started falling on Wednesday.", "January 2000 North American blizzard __knowledge__ At the time many computer models suggested an area of low pressure would develop and track up the East Coast after getting energy from another low pressure system in Canada.", "Habitat for Humanity Canada __knowledge__ Habitat for Humanity Canada is a Canadian non-governmental, and non-profit organization.", "Habitat for Humanity Canada __knowledge__ In 1985, the Habitat for Humanity movement spread to Canada with the first Canadian build in Winkler, Manitoba.", "Habitat for Humanity Canada __knowledge__ Habitat for Humanity in Canada has since grown to 72 affiliates in 10 provinces and 3 territories and has successfully provided over 2,500 families with safe, decent and affordable housing.", "Habitat for Humanity Canada __knowledge__ Each affiliate is managed by a local board of directors.", "Habitat for Humanity Canada __knowledge__ With the first build in Quebec, Habitat homes have been built in all ten provinces in 1998 and in all three territories in 2014.", "Habitat for Humanity Canada __knowledge__ World’s first ReStore was opened by Habitat for Humanity Winnipeg in 1991.", "Students Offering Support __knowledge__ Students Offering Support (SOS) is a multi-national charitable and entrepreneurial initiative that currently supports and develops individual SOS chapters within post-secondary institutions across North America.", "Students Offering Support __knowledge__ This organization’s business model – uniquely designed \"by students for students\" – raises funds to build schools in Latin America through their Exam-AID review sessions, which are held prior to an exam and taught, as well as coordinated, by student volunteers.", "Students Offering Support __knowledge__ Students Offering Support (SOS) is a student-led charitable organization that currently supports and develops individual SOS chapters in post-secondary institutions across North America.", "Unite For Sight __knowledge__ Unite for Sight is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization founded in 2000 by Jennifer Staple-Clark specializing in healthcare delivery to communities around the world.", "Unite For Sight __knowledge__ The organization invests human and financial resources in local eye clinics in Ghana, Honduras, and India to eliminate patient barriers to care.", "Unite For Sight __knowledge__ As of January 2017, Unite for Sight has assisted more than 2.4 million people worldwide and provided over 97,000 vision-restoring surgeries.", "Unite For Sight __knowledge__ The Global Impact Corps is a volunteer abroad program that places students and professionals with Unite For Sight’s local eye clinic partners.", "Unite For Sight __knowledge__ After completing global health training, Global Impact Fellows travel to one of three country locations to support local clinicians as they deliver eye care to patients living in extreme poverty.", "Habitat for Humanity Toronto __knowledge__ Habitat for Humanity GTA, established in 1988, is a non-profit, non-denominational Christian housing organization that builds simple, decent, affordable homes in partnership with low-income families.", "Habitat for Humanity Toronto __knowledge__ Habitat Toronto is an affiliate of Habitat for Humanity Canada.", "Habitat for Humanity Toronto __knowledge__ Habitat for Humanity Toronto was a local grassroots organization from its founding in 1988 to 2000.", "Habitat for Humanity Toronto __knowledge__ Every couple of years the organization built one or two homes thanks to a small group of dedicated volunteers and corporate donors.", "Habitat for Humanity Toronto __knowledge__ In 2001 Habitat Toronto increased its building capacity by completing 6 homes in only 9 days on Luttrell Ave in Toronto's east end.", "Humanitarian response to Typhoon Haiyan __knowledge__ In the wake of Typhoon Haiyan, the Philippines received numerous messages of condolence and offers of assistance from a range of international leaders.", "Humanitarian response to Typhoon Haiyan __knowledge__ The United Nations said it was going to increase critical relief operations as a result of the devastation caused by the typhoon.", "Humanitarian response to Typhoon Haiyan __knowledge__ Its Manila office issued a statement that read, \"Access remains a key challenge as some areas are still cut off from relief operations.", "Humanitarian response to Typhoon Haiyan __knowledge__ Unknown numbers of survivors do not have basic necessities such as food, water and medicines and remain inaccessible for relief operations, as roads, airports and bridges were destroyed or covered in wreckage.\"", "Humanitarian response to the 2015 Nepal earthquake __knowledge__ An earthquake struck Nepal at on 25 April 2015 with a moment magnitude (M) of 7.8 or 8.1M and a maximum Mercalli Intensity of IX (\"Violent\").", "Humanitarian response to the 2015 Nepal earthquake __knowledge__ It was the most powerful earthquake to strike Nepal since the 1934 Nepal–Bihar earthquake.", "Humanitarian response to the 2015 Nepal earthquake __knowledge__ Many thousands of people died as a result, with most casualties reported in Nepal, including on Mount Everest, and adjoining areas of India, China, and Bangladesh.", "Humanitarian response to the 2015 Nepal earthquake __knowledge__ Within minutes of the earthquake, the Government of India, via the Indian Armed Forces, initiated Operation Maitri (), created humanitarian missions with the primary objective of conducting relief and rescue operations in Nepal.", "International disaster response laws __knowledge__ The growing number of disasters and their humanitarian impacts has prompted the need for a framework that addresses the responsibilities of states and humanitarian agencies in disaster settings.", "International disaster response laws __knowledge__ This has led to the emergence of international disaster response laws, rules and principles (IDRL): a collection of international instruments addressing various aspects of post-disaster humanitarian relief.", "International disaster response laws __knowledge__ The IDRL of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent (IFRC) examines the legal issues and frameworks associated with disaster response with particular emphasis on international humanitarian assistance.", "All Partners Access Network __knowledge__ All Partners Access Network (APAN), formerly called Asia-Pacific Area Network, is a United States Department of Defense (USDOD) social networking Website used for information sharing and collaboration.", "All Partners Access Network __knowledge__ APAN is the premier collaboration enterprise for the USDOD.", "All Partners Access Network __knowledge__ The APAN network of communities fosters multinational interaction and multilateral cooperation by allowing users to post multimedia and other content in blogs, wikis, forums, document libraries and media galleries.", "All Partners Access Network __knowledge__ APAN is used for Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief, Exercise Planning, Conferences and Work Groups.", "All Partners Access Network __knowledge__ APAN provides non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and U.S. partner nations who do not have access to traditional, closed USDOD networks with an unclassified tool to communicate.", "Humanitarian principles __knowledge__ There are a number of meanings for the term humanitarian.", "Humanitarian principles __knowledge__ Here humanitarian pertains to the practice of saving lives and alleviating suffering.", "Humanitarian principles __knowledge__ It is usually related to emergency response (also called humanitarian response) whether in the case of a natural disaster or a man-made disaster such as war or other armed conflict.", "Humanitarian principles __knowledge__ Humanitarian principles govern the way humanitarian response is carried out.", "Humanitarian principles __knowledge__ The principle of humanity means that all humankind shall be treated humanely and equally in all circumstances by saving lives and alleviating suffering, while ensuring respect for the individual.", "Humanitarian principles __knowledge__ It is the fundamental principle of humanitarian response.", "United States Southern Command __knowledge__ The United States Southern Command (USSOUTHCOM), located in Doral, Florida in Greater Miami, is one of nine Unified Combatant Commands (CCMDs) in the United States Department of Defense.", "United States Southern Command __knowledge__ It is responsible for providing contingency planning, operations, and security cooperation for Central and South America, the Caribbean (except US commonwealths, territories, and possessions), their territorial waters, and for the force protection of US military resources at these locations.", "United States Southern Command __knowledge__ USSOUTHCOM is also responsible for ensuring the defense of the Panama Canal and the canal area.", "United States Southern Command __knowledge__ As explained below, USSOUTHCOM has been under scrutiny due to several human rights and rule of law controversies in which it has been embroiled for nearly a decade.", "Emergency management __knowledge__ Emergency management is the organization and management of resources and responsibilities for dealing with all humanitarian aspects of emergencies (preparedness, response, and recovery).", "Emergency management __knowledge__ The aim is to reduce the harmful effects of all hazards, including disasters.", "Emergency management __knowledge__ It should not be equated to \"disaster management\".", "Emergency management __knowledge__ The World Health Organization defines an emergency as the state in which normal procedures are interrupted, and immediate measures need to be taken to prevent that state turning into a disaster.", "Emergency management __knowledge__ Thus, emergency management is crucial to avoid the disruption transforming into a disaster, which is even harder to recover from." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ The American Red Cross (ARC), also known as the American National Red Cross, is a humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance, disaster relief and education in the United States.", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ It is the designated US affiliate of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and the United States movement to the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ The organization offers services and development programs.", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ ARC was established in Washington, D.C. on May 21, 1881, by Clara Barton.", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ She became its first president.", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ Barton organized a meeting on May 12 of that year at the home of Senator Omar D. Conger (R, MI).", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ Fifteen people were present at this first meeting, including Barton, Conger and Representative William Lawrence (R, OH) (who became the first vice-president).", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ The first local chapter was established in 1881 at the English Evangelical Lutheran Church of Dansville at Dansville, New York.", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ Jane Delano (1862–1919) founded the American Red Cross Nursing Service on January 20, 1910.", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ Clara Barton (1821–1912) founded the American chapter after learning of the Red Cross in Geneva, Switzerland.", "American Red Cross __knowledge__ In 1869, she went to Europe and became involved in the work of the International Red Cross during the Franco-Prussian War.", "Guiding Light (1960–69) __knowledge__ The Guiding Light (GL) (known since 1975 as Guiding Light) was a long-running American television soap opera.", "Guiding Light (1960–69) __knowledge__ Agnes Nixon wanted to see social issues worked into the plot, and set the tone for much of the material used during the 1960s.", "Guiding Light (1960–69) __knowledge__ One story, which involved Bert's battle with uterine cancer gave many female viewers the incentive to see their gynecologists.", "Guiding Light (1960–69) __knowledge__ In 1965, Nixon left the show to become the headwriter of NBC's Another World, at the behest of her mentor, Irna Phillips, who created both GL and AW.\"", "Guiding Light (1960–69) __knowledge__ On March 13, 1967, the show was first broadcast in color.", "Guiding Light (1960–69) __knowledge__ On September 9, 1968, the show expanded from 15 to 30 minutes as did CBS' then other 15 minute daytime drama, \"Search for Tomorrow\".", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken was a band from Melbourne, Australia, which formed in 1999 and disbanded in 2007.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ They were one of Australia's most well-known ska bands and one of the most popular Christian bands in the country.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ They were signed to Boomtown Records.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken's musical style included a blend of Ska, Hardcore, Reggae & Rock.The band placed a high emphasis on touring and were known for their \"high energy\" live performances.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken shared stages and toured with such bands, including Reel Big Fish, Mad Caddies, Crowned King, Hilltop Hoods, Kisschasy, Area-7, Gyroscope, Bodyjar, 28 Days, Killing Heidi, The O.C.", "Dass, Nigeria __knowledge__ Dass is a Local Government Area of Bauchi State, Nigeria.", "Dass, Nigeria __knowledge__ Its headquarters are in the town of Dass.", "Dass, Nigeria __knowledge__ It has an area of 535 km² and a population of 89,943 at the 2006 census.", "Dass, Nigeria __knowledge__ The postal code of the area is 740.", "Dass, Nigeria __knowledge__ People began to settle in Dass as far back as the period before the jihad of Danfodiyo around the foot and on the Mbula hill.", "Dass, Nigeria __knowledge__ Most of the early settlers came in search of security, which they hid in caves and on the hilltop to avoid attack by their enemies.", "Dass, Nigeria __knowledge__ Later at the early part of the 19th century during the jihad of Shehu Danfodio Jarawa people immigrated to the area in search for security and respite.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Various characters appeared in the sitcom \"Friends\", which aired for ten seasons on NBC from 1994 to 2004.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ It featured six main cast members: Rachel Green (Jennifer Aniston), Phoebe Buffay (Lisa Kudrow), Joey Tribbiani (Matt LeBlanc), Chandler Bing (Matthew Perry), Ross Geller (David Schwimmer) and Monica Geller (Courteney Cox).", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Many celebrities guest starred on the series throughout its ten-year run.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ The main cast members were familiar to television viewers before their roles on \"Friends\", but were not considered to be stars.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Series creator David Crane wanted all six characters to be equally prominent, and the series was lauded as being \"the first true 'ensemble' show\".", "Volunteer management __knowledge__ Volunteer Management is also known as volunteer engagement, volunteer coordination, volunteer administration and refers to “the systematic and logical process of working with and through volunteers to achieve an organisation’s objectives”.", "Volunteer management __knowledge__ Volunteer Management became an occupation during the late 1960s and early 1970s when the long-term volunteer was the prevalent type of volunteer, at least in the non-profit organisations.", "Volunteer management __knowledge__ At that time, people volunteered as an alternative to work.", "Volunteer management __knowledge__ When the field’s founders began to try to get volunteer management recognised as a profession, they adopted a lot of standard workplace practices, such as written job descriptions and interviews, to determine the volunteer’s suitability for a role.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Chinese numerology __knowledge__ In Chinese tradition, certain numbers are believed by some to be auspicious (吉利, ) or inauspicious (不利, ) based on the Chinese word that the number sounds similar to.", "Chinese numerology __knowledge__ The numbers 6, 8 and 9 are generally considered to be auspicious, while 4 and 7 are considered inauspicious.", "Chinese numerology __knowledge__ The number 0 (零, ) is the beginning of all things and is generally considered a good number.", "Chinese numerology __knowledge__ The number 1 (一, ) is neither auspicious nor inauspicious.", "Chinese numerology __knowledge__ It is a number given to winners to indicate the first place.", "Chinese numerology __knowledge__ But it can also symbolize loneliness or being single.", "Chinese numerology __knowledge__ For example: November 11th is the Singles' Day in China, as the date has four ‘1’ which stand for singles.", "7.5 cm Infanteriegeschütz 37 __knowledge__ The 7.5 cm Infanteriegeschütz 37 (7.5 cm IG 37) was an infantry support gun, used by Germany, during World War II.", "7.5 cm Infanteriegeschütz 37 __knowledge__ The guns were originally designated 7.5 cm PaK 37.", "7.5 cm Infanteriegeschütz 37 __knowledge__ The IG 37s were manufactured, beginning in late 1944, from carriages of 3.7 cm Pak 36s (and the nearly identical Soviet 3.7 cm PaK 158(r)) and a barrel designed originally for the IG 42 infantry support gun.", "7.5 cm Infanteriegeschütz 37 __knowledge__ As an anti-tank weapon it used a hollow charge shell with 0.5 kg of explosives to penetrate up to 85 mm with a v0 of 395 m/s.", "7.5 cm Infanteriegeschütz 37 __knowledge__ The first 84 guns were delivered in June 1944.", "7.5 cm Infanteriegeschütz 37 __knowledge__ By the end of the war 1,304 guns were operational.", "7.5 cm Infanteriegeschütz 37 __knowledge__ While the gun carriage was an old design, the gun itself was a new design created by Krupp; though the design had been shelved at the time of its conception.", "Mahmud Gawan Madrasa __knowledge__ The Madrasa of Mahmud Gawan \"(Madrasa-e-Mahmud Gawan)\" is an ancient madrasa or Islamic college in Bidar, Karnataka, India.", "Mahmud Gawan Madrasa __knowledge__ It was built in the 1460s and is an example of the regional style of Indo-Islamic architecture under the Bahmani Sultanate.", "Mahmud Gawan Madrasa __knowledge__ This heritage structure is placed under the list of monuments of national importance.", "Mahmud Gawan Madrasa __knowledge__ Founded by the prime-minister of the Bahamani empire in the late 15th century, it bears testimony to the scholarly genius of Mahmud Gawan, who first came to Delhi as a Persian trader (in exile) from Gilan in Iran and moved to Bidar in 1453.", "Mahmud Gawan Madrasa __knowledge__ Mahmud reportedly built the madrasa with his own money and it functioned like a residential University which was built and maintained on the lines of Madrasa of Khurasan.", "History of the Bahmani Sultanate __knowledge__ The Bahmani Sultanate, or Bahmanid Empire, was a Muslim state of the Deccan Plateau in southern India between 1347 and 1527 and was one of the great medieval kingdoms.", "History of the Bahmani Sultanate __knowledge__ It occupied the North Deccan region to the river Krishna.", "History of the Bahmani Sultanate __knowledge__ According to Muslim historians, a rebel chieftain of Saulatabad (an area around Ellora) was under Muhammad bin Tughlaq.", "History of the Bahmani Sultanate __knowledge__ The sultanate was founded on 3 August 1347, by Governor Ala-ud-Din Hassan Bahman Shah / Hasan Gangu / Allauddin Hassan, who revolted against the Sultan of Delhi, Muhammad bin Tughluq.", "History of the Bahmani Sultanate __knowledge__ Nazir uddin Ismail Shah who had revolted against the Delhi sultanate stepped down on that day in favour of Zafar Khan/Hassan Gangu who ascended the throne with the title of Alauddin Bahman Shah.", "Mahmud Gawan __knowledge__ Mahmud Gawan (1411, Iran - 1481) was a Prime Minister in the Bahamani Sultanate of Deccan.", "Mahmud Gawan __knowledge__ \"Khwaja Mahmud Gilani\", from the village of \"Gawan\" in Persia, was well-versed in Islamic theology, Persian language and Mathematics and was a poet and a prose writer of repute.", "Mahmud Gawan __knowledge__ Later, he became a minister in the court of Muhammad Shah III Lashkari (1463-1482).", "Mahmud Gawan __knowledge__ A storehouse of wisdom, Mahmud enjoyed the trust and confidence of rulers, locals as well as that of foreign kingdoms, who had great respect for Mahmud.", "Mahmud Gawan __knowledge__ His characteristics are as follows: competent and successful general, capable administrator, learned man, patron of art.", "Tormented (2009 British film) __knowledge__ Tormented is a 2009 British comedy horror slasher film directed by Jon Wright and written by Stephen Prentice.", "Tormented (2009 British film) __knowledge__ The film stars Alex Pettyfer, April Pearson, Dimitri Leonidas, Calvin Dean and Tuppence Middleton.", "Tormented (2009 British film) __knowledge__ The plot centers around a group of students being stalked and murdered by the ghost of a bullied teenager.", "Tormented (2009 British film) __knowledge__ The film was released on 22 May 2009 in the United Kingdom by Pathé and was produced by BBC Films, Pathé, Slingshot Studios, Forward Films, and Screen West Midlands.", "Tormented (2009 British film) __knowledge__ It received mixed to positive reviews from critics, with many praising the humour and cast, but criticizing the formulaic plot.", "St Joseph's College, Allahabad __knowledge__ St. Joseph's College, widely known as SJC, established in 1884, is a prominent ICSE Board school in Allahabad, with considerable high rankings both in the state and in India as well.", "St Joseph's College, Allahabad __knowledge__ The college was founded in 1884 by the Capuchin Friars of Ancona and Bologna, Italy, and is currently under the aegis of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Allahabad.", "St Joseph's College, Allahabad __knowledge__ It is affiliated to the Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (ISC & ICSE).", "St Joseph's College, Allahabad __knowledge__ With over 6000 male students collectively enrolled within its main, annexe and girls' wing campuses, the college preferably is one of the largest schools of Allahabad in terms of pupil strength.", "National Museum of Korea __knowledge__ The National Museum of Korea is the flagship museum of Korean history and art in South Korea and is the cultural organization that represents Korea.", "National Museum of Korea __knowledge__ Since its establishment in 1945, the museum has been committed to various studies and research activities in the fields of archaeology, history, and art, continuously developing a variety of exhibitions and education programs.", "National Museum of Korea __knowledge__ In 2012, it was reported that since its relocation to Yongsan District in 2005, the museum has attracted an attendance of 20 million visitors, or over 3 million annually which makes it one of the most visited art museums in the world as well as third most visited in Asia and the most visited in South Korea." ] ]

[ 3, 1, 0, 4 ]

[ "they offer a lot of services and development programs", "they provide humanitarian assistance, disaster relief and other things", "From what I can tell they mostly travle", "It was established all the wayback on May 21st, 1881" ]

[ "American Red Cross", "American Red Cross", "American Red Cross", "American Red Cross" ]

[ "Horse training", "That sounds cool. What exactly do you do? ", "Oo, okay. That kinda sounds like a service animal. Is it? or is that something else?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Horse training __knowledge__ Horse training refers to a variety of practices that teach horses to perform certain behaviors when asked to do so by humans.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Horses are trained to be manageable by humans for everyday care as well as for equestrian activities from horse racing to therapeutic horseback riding for people with disabilities.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Historically, horses were trained for warfare, farm work, sport and transport.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Today, most horse training is geared toward making horses useful for a variety of recreational and sporting equestrian pursuits.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Horses are also trained for specialized jobs from movie stunt work to police and crowd control activities, circus entertainment, and equine-assisted psychotherapy.", "Horse training __knowledge__ There is tremendous controversy over various methods of horse training and even some of the words used to describe these methods.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Some techniques are considered cruel, other methods are considered gentler and more humane.", "Horse training __knowledge__ However, it is beyond the scope of this article to go into the details of various training methodology, so general, basic principles are described below.", "Horse training __knowledge__ The \"see also\" section of this article provides links to more specific information about various schools and techniques of horse training.", "Horse training __knowledge__ The range of training techniques and training goals is large, but basic animal training concepts apply to all forms of horse training." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Horse training __knowledge__ Horse training refers to a variety of practices that teach horses to perform certain behaviors when asked to do so by humans.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Horses are trained to be manageable by humans for everyday care as well as for equestrian activities from horse racing to therapeutic horseback riding for people with disabilities.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Historically, horses were trained for warfare, farm work, sport and transport.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Today, most horse training is geared toward making horses useful for a variety of recreational and sporting equestrian pursuits.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Horses are also trained for specialized jobs from movie stunt work to police and crowd control activities, circus entertainment, and equine-assisted psychotherapy.", "Horse training __knowledge__ There is tremendous controversy over various methods of horse training and even some of the words used to describe these methods.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Some techniques are considered cruel, other methods are considered gentler and more humane.", "Horse training __knowledge__ However, it is beyond the scope of this article to go into the details of various training methodology, so general, basic principles are described below.", "Horse training __knowledge__ The \"see also\" section of this article provides links to more specific information about various schools and techniques of horse training.", "Horse training __knowledge__ The range of training techniques and training goals is large, but basic animal training concepts apply to all forms of horse training.", "Chinese Democracy __knowledge__ Chinese Democracy is the sixth studio album by American hard rock band Guns N' Roses.", "Chinese Democracy __knowledge__ It was released on November 23, 2008, by Geffen Records.", "Chinese Democracy __knowledge__ The album was the band's first studio album since \"\"The Spaghetti Incident?\"\"", "Chinese Democracy __knowledge__ in November 1993, and their first album of original studio material since the simultaneous releases of \"Use Your Illusion I\" and \"II\" in September 1991.", "Chinese Democracy __knowledge__ Although it debuted at number three on the \"Billboard\" 200 and was certified Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), \"Chinese Democracy\" domestically undersold expectations.", "Chinese Democracy __knowledge__ It received generally favorable reviews from music critics.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "The Sound of Belgium __knowledge__ The Sound of Belgium is a 2012 Belgian documentary film directed by Jozef Devillé and produced by independent Belgian production company Visualantics.", "The Sound of Belgium __knowledge__ The film had its world premiere on 19 October 2012 at the Flanders International Film Festival Ghent.", "The Sound of Belgium __knowledge__ The film is entirely spoken in Dutch and French, but English subtitles are shown.", "The Sound of Belgium __knowledge__ The film was featured at the Cork International Film Festival on 8 November 2014 in Cork, Ireland and the IN-EDIT film festival in Greece on 22 February 2015.", "The Sound of Belgium __knowledge__ It was nominated for Best Documentary Film at the 2013 Magritte Awards.", "The Sound of Belgium __knowledge__ In the 2010 documentary \"The Sound of Belgium\" a production of Visualantics.", "Jerry Finn __knowledge__ Jermone Gregory \"Jerry\" Finn (March 31, 1969 – August 21, 2008) was an American record producer and mix engineer.", "Jerry Finn __knowledge__ He worked with numerous punk rock and pop-punk artists, such as Blink-182, AFI, Sum 41, Alkaline Trio, Green Day, Morrissey, MxPx, and Rancid.", "Jerry Finn __knowledge__ Finn was known for the warm guitar tone present on albums he produced, as well as the \"punchy\" sound of his mixes.", "Jerry Finn __knowledge__ He was instrumental in developing the polished sound of pop-punk in its second wave of popularity between the mid-1990s and early 2000s.", "Jerry Finn __knowledge__ A graduate of the Dick Grove School of Music, Finn began his career in the early 1990s as an assistant engineer at various Hollywood-based studios.", "Impressive Instant __knowledge__ \"Impressive Instant\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Madonna from her 2000 studio album \"Music\".", "Impressive Instant __knowledge__ Originally intended to be the fourth single of the album, the release was cancelled due to a disagreement between Madonna and her recording company.", "Impressive Instant __knowledge__ Finally Warner Bros. released it in the United States as a promotional single on September 18, 2001.", "Impressive Instant __knowledge__ Written and produced by Madonna and Mirwais Ahmadzaï, the track is bright and uplifting in its content and composition.", "Impressive Instant __knowledge__ It was the first song that Madonna and Ahmadzaï worked on and recorded.", "Impressive Instant __knowledge__ Ahmadzaï had to work separately on his laptop to generate the sound elements which Madonna wanted in the song, since it was difficult to generate the music in the recording studio.", "Suicide, it's a suicide __knowledge__ The phrase \"suicide, it's a suicide\" was first used by rapper KRS-One in the song \"Moshitup\" (Just-Ice feat.", "Suicide, it's a suicide __knowledge__ KRS-One) in 1987.", "Suicide, it's a suicide __knowledge__ It has since entered into hip hop music as a meme, and has been used by artists such as Ice-T, Gravediggaz, Redman, Fabolous, Ras Kass, Jay-Z, Jedi Mind Tricks, Snoop Dogg, Goldie Lookin' Chain, Krayzie Bone, Wyclef Jean and Pusha T. It serves as a good example of the intertextual nature of the genre, where quoting older works serves as a form of homage to other artists.", "Suicide, it's a suicide __knowledge__ The phrase was first used by Boogie Down Productions's KRS-One in 1987. an early socially and politically conscious East Coast rapper.", "Travis Touchdown __knowledge__ Travis Touchdown is a video game antihero and the main protagonist of the video game franchise \"No More Heroes\".", "Travis Touchdown __knowledge__ 27 years old in the original game, he is both an otaku and a professional assassin, wielding a Beam Katana.", "Travis Touchdown __knowledge__ He was created by Goichi Suda, and voiced by Kazuya Nakai in Japanese and Robin Atkin Downes in most English-language appearances.", "Travis Touchdown __knowledge__ He later appeared in the 2010 video game \"\", and will reappear in the upcoming 2018 video game \"\".", "Travis Touchdown __knowledge__ He is named after the protagonist of the film \"Paris, Texas\" directed by Wim Wenders.", "Travis Touchdown __knowledge__ He lives a lifestyle that is often compared to those of average people because of his obsession with anime, professional wrestling, pornography, and action figures; however, this lifestyle has also been called an \"uber male fantasy.\"", "Occupational therapy __knowledge__ Occupational therapy (OT) is the use of assessment and intervention to develop, recover, or maintain the meaningful activities, or \"occupations\", of individuals, groups, or communities.", "Occupational therapy __knowledge__ It is an allied health profession performed by occupational therapists.", "Occupational therapy __knowledge__ OTs often work with people with mental health problems, disabilities, injuries, or impairments.", "Occupational therapy __knowledge__ The American Occupational Therapy Association defines an occupational therapist as someone who \"helps people across the lifespan participate in the things they want and need to do through the therapeutic use of everyday activities (occupations).", "Occupational therapy __knowledge__ Common occupational therapy interventions include helping children with disabilities to participate fully in school and social situations, injury rehabilitation, and providing supports for older adults experiencing physical and cognitive changes.\"", "Occupational therapist __knowledge__ An occupational therapist works with a client to help them achieve a fulfilled and satisfied state in life through the use of \"purposeful activity or interventions designed to achieve functional outcomes which promote health, prevent injury or disability.", "Occupational therapist __knowledge__ and which develop, improve, sustain or restore the highest possible level of independence.\"", "Occupational therapist __knowledge__ A practical definition for OT can also be illustrated with the use of models such as the Occupational Performance Model (Australia), known as the OPM(A).", "Occupational therapist __knowledge__ At the core of this approach is the ideology that occupational therapists are concerned with the occupations of people and how these contribute to health.", "Management of cerebral palsy __knowledge__ Over time, the approach to cerebral palsy management has shifted away from narrow attempts to fix individual physical problems such as spasticity in a particular limb to making such treatments part of a larger goal of maximizing the person's independence and community engagement.", "Management of cerebral palsy __knowledge__ Much of childhood therapy is aimed at improving gait and walking.", "Management of cerebral palsy __knowledge__ Approximately 60% of people with CP are able to walk independently or with aids at adulthood.", "Management of cerebral palsy __knowledge__ However, the evidence base for the effectiveness of intervention programs reflecting the philosophy of independence has not yet caught up: effective interventions for body structures and functions have a strong evidence base, but evidence is lacking for effective interventions targeted toward participation, environment, or personal factors.", "Art therapy __knowledge__ Art therapy (also known as arts therapy) is a creative method of expression used as a therapeutic technique.", "Art therapy __knowledge__ Art therapy originated in the fields of art and psychotherapy and may vary in definition.", "Art therapy __knowledge__ Art therapy may focus on the creative art-making process itself, as therapy, or on the analysis of expression gained through an exchange of patient and therapist interaction.", "Art therapy __knowledge__ The psychoanalytic approach was one of the earliest forms of art psychotherapy.", "Art therapy __knowledge__ This approach employs the transference process between the therapist and the client who makes art.", "Art therapy __knowledge__ The therapist interprets the client's symbolic self-expression as communicated in the art and elicits interpretations from the client.", "Home care __knowledge__ Home care (also referred to as domiciliary care, social care, or in-home care) is supportive care provided in the home.", "Home care __knowledge__ Care may be provided by licensed healthcare professionals who provide medical treatment needs or by professional caregivers who provide daily assistance to ensure the activities of daily living (ADLs) are met.", "Home care __knowledge__ In-home medical care is often and more accurately referred to as home health care or formal care.", "Home care __knowledge__ Often, the term home \"health\" care is used to distinguish it from non-medical care, custodial care, or private-duty care which refers to assistance and services provided by persons who are not nurses, doctors, or other licensed medical personnel.", "Respiratory therapist __knowledge__ A respiratory therapist is a specialized healthcare practitioner trained in pulmonary medicine in order to work therapeutically with people suffering from pulmonary disease.", "Respiratory therapist __knowledge__ Respiratory therapists graduate from a community college or university with a certification in respiratory therapy and have passed a national board certifying examination.", "Respiratory therapist __knowledge__ The NBRC (National Board for Respiratory Care) is the not-for-profit organization responsible for credentionaling the seven areas of Respiratory Therapy.", "Respiratory therapist __knowledge__ Those seven areas of Respiratory Therapy include, as of December 2017: CRT (Certified Respiratory Therapist), RRT (Registered Respiratory Therapist), CPFT and RPFT (Certified or Registered Pulmonary Function Technologist), ACCS (Adult Critical Care Specialist), NPS (Neonatal/Pediatric Specialist), and SDS (Sleep Disorder Specialist).", "Management of domestic violence __knowledge__ The management of domestic violence deals with the treatment of victims of domestic violence and preventing repetitions of such violence.", "Management of domestic violence __knowledge__ The response to domestic violence in Western countries is typically a combined effort between law enforcement, social services and health care.", "Management of domestic violence __knowledge__ The role of each has evolved as domestic violence has been brought more into public view.", "Management of domestic violence __knowledge__ Historically, domestic violence has been viewed as a private family matter that need not involve the government or criminal justice.", "Management of domestic violence __knowledge__ Police officers were often reluctant to intervene by making an arrest, and often chose instead to simply counsel the couple and/or ask one of the parties to leave the residence for a period of time." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Horse training __knowledge__ Horse training refers to a variety of practices that teach horses to perform certain behaviors when asked to do so by humans.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Horses are trained to be manageable by humans for everyday care as well as for equestrian activities from horse racing to therapeutic horseback riding for people with disabilities.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Historically, horses were trained for warfare, farm work, sport and transport.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Today, most horse training is geared toward making horses useful for a variety of recreational and sporting equestrian pursuits.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Horses are also trained for specialized jobs from movie stunt work to police and crowd control activities, circus entertainment, and equine-assisted psychotherapy.", "Horse training __knowledge__ There is tremendous controversy over various methods of horse training and even some of the words used to describe these methods.", "Horse training __knowledge__ Some techniques are considered cruel, other methods are considered gentler and more humane.", "Horse training __knowledge__ However, it is beyond the scope of this article to go into the details of various training methodology, so general, basic principles are described below.", "Horse training __knowledge__ The \"see also\" section of this article provides links to more specific information about various schools and techniques of horse training.", "Horse training __knowledge__ The range of training techniques and training goals is large, but basic animal training concepts apply to all forms of horse training.", "Service dog __knowledge__ A service dog is a type of assistance dog specifically trained to help people who have disabilities, such as visual impairment, hearing impairments, mental illnesses (such as post traumatic stress disorder), seizure disorder, mobility impairment, and diabetes.", "Service dog __knowledge__ Desirable character traits in service animals typically include good temperament or psychological make-up (including biddability and trainability) and good health (including physical structure and stamina).", "Service dog __knowledge__ Some service dogs are bred and trained by service dog organizations, while others are bred by breeders, and trained by private trainers or even the individuals with disabilities who will someday become their partners.", "Service animal __knowledge__ Service animals are animals that have been trained to perform tasks that assist disabled people.", "Service animal __knowledge__ Service animals may also be referred to as assistance animals, assist animals, support animals, or helper animals depending on the country and the animal's function.", "Service animal __knowledge__ Dogs are the most common service animals, assisting people in many different ways since at least 1927.", "Service animal __knowledge__ Other animals such as monkeys, birds, and horses have also been documented.", "Service animal __knowledge__ In places of public accommodation in the United States, only dogs (and in some cases miniature horses) are legally considered service animals.", "Service animal __knowledge__ It is legal in certain states to have service \"animals\".", "Paperwork (T.I. album) __knowledge__ Paperwork is the ninth studio album by American rapper T.I.", "Paperwork (T.I. album) __knowledge__ It was released on October 21, 2014, by Grand Hustle Records and Columbia Records.", "Paperwork (T.I. album) __knowledge__ The album is his first project under Columbia Records, after his contract with Atlantic Records expired, following the release of his eighth album \"\" (2012).", "Paperwork (T.I. album) __knowledge__ \"Paperwork\" derives its title from T.I.", "Paperwork (T.I. album) __knowledge__ 's most successful project, his sixth album \"Paper Trail\" (2008).", "Paperwork (T.I. album) __knowledge__ \"Paperwork\" features guest appearances from Chris Brown, The-Dream, Jeezy, Skylar Grey, Nipsey Hussle, Rick Ross, Victoria Monet, Trae tha Truth and Pharrell Williams, the latter of which served as the album's executive producer.", "Guide dog __knowledge__ Guide dogs, (also known as service animals, assistance animals or colloquially as seeing eye dogs), are assistance dogs trained to lead blind and visually impaired people around obstacles.", "Guide dog __knowledge__ Although dogs can be trained to navigate various obstacles, many are (red–green) color blind and are not capable of interpreting street signs.", "Guide dog __knowledge__ The human does the directing, based on skills acquired through previous mobility training.", "Guide dog __knowledge__ The handler might be likened to an aircraft's navigator, who must know \"how\" to get from one place to another, and the dog is the pilot, who gets them there safely.", "Guide dog __knowledge__ In several countries, guide dogs, along with most service and hearing dogs, are exempt from regulations against the presence of animals in places such as restaurants and public transportation.", "Emotional support animal __knowledge__ An emotional support animal (ESA) is a companion animal that a medical professional has determined provides benefit for an individual with a disability.", "Emotional support animal __knowledge__ This may include improving at least one symptom of the disability.", "Emotional support animal __knowledge__ Emotional support animals, typically dogs, but sometimes cats or other animals, may be used by people with a range of physical, psychiatric, or intellectual disabilities.", "Emotional support animal __knowledge__ In order to be prescribed an emotional support animal the person seeking such an animal must have a verifiable disability.", "Emotional support animal __knowledge__ To be afforded protection under United States federal law, a person must meet the federal definition of disability and must have a note from a physician or other medical professional stating that the person has that disability and that the emotional support animal provides a benefit for the individual with the disability.", "John J. Ensminger __knowledge__ John J. Ensminger is an American attorney and a national consultant on legal issues involving skilled dogs and their handlers.", "John J. Ensminger __knowledge__ He is author of the books: \"Service and Therapy Dogs in American Society: Science, Law and the Evolution of Canine Caregivers\", and \"Police and Military Dogs: Criminal Detection, Forensic Evidence, and Judicial Admissibility\".", "John J. Ensminger __knowledge__ He is editor of \"The Complete Book of Dogs\", editor of and contributor to \"Canine Olfaction Science and Law: Advances in Forensic Science, Medicine, Conservation, and Environmental Remediation\", editor of \"Money Laundering, Terrorism and Financial Institutions\", a treatise which he updates monthly with a newsletter as an information service to attorneys covering laws, regulations and compliance issues surrounding the USA PATRIOT Act, a contributor to GPSolo Magazine, and \"Tax Notes\" as well as a contributing editor on canine legal issues which may be found on the website of the Animal Legal and Historical Center of Michigan State University.", "Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 __knowledge__ The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 () is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination based on disability.", "Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 __knowledge__ It affords similar protections against discrimination to Americans with disabilities as the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which made discrimination based on race, religion, sex, national origin, and other characteristics illegal.", "Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 __knowledge__ In addition, unlike the Civil Rights Act, the ADA also requires covered employers to provide reasonable accommodations to employees with disabilities, and imposes accessibility requirements on public accommodations.", "Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 __knowledge__ In 1986, the National Council on Disability had recommended enactment of an Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and drafted the first version of the bill which was introduced in the House and Senate in 1988.", "Child development __knowledge__ Child development entails the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of adolescence, as the individual progresses from dependency to increasing autonomy.", "Child development __knowledge__ It is a continuous process with a predictable sequence, yet having a unique course for every child.", "Child development __knowledge__ It does not progress at the same rate and each stage is affected by the preceding developmental experiences.", "Child development __knowledge__ Because these developmental changes may be strongly influenced by genetic factors and events during prenatal life, genetics and prenatal development are usually included as part of the study of child development.", "G factor (psychometrics) __knowledge__ The g\" factor (also known as general intelligence, general mental ability or general intelligence factor) is a construct developed in psychometric investigations of cognitive abilities and human intelligence.", "G factor (psychometrics) __knowledge__ It is a variable that summarizes positive correlations among different cognitive tasks, reflecting the fact that an individual's performance on one type of cognitive task tends to be comparable to that person's performance on other kinds of cognitive tasks.", "G factor (psychometrics) __knowledge__ The \"g\" factor typically accounts for 40 to 50 percent of the between-individual performance differences on a given cognitive test, and composite scores (\"IQ scores\") based on many tests are frequently regarded as estimates of individuals' standing on the \"g\" factor.", "Lothian birth-cohort studies __knowledge__ The Lothian birth-cohort studies are two ongoing cohort studies which primarily involve research into how childhood intelligence relates to intelligence and health in old age.", "Lothian birth-cohort studies __knowledge__ The Lothian Birth Cohort studies of 1921 and 1936 have, respectively, followed up Lothian-based participants in the Scottish Mental Surveys of 1932 and 1947 in old age.", "Lothian birth-cohort studies __knowledge__ Scottish Mental Survey data has provided a measure of the intelligence of Lothian Birth Cohort participants at age 11, which has enabled the investigation of how childhood intelligence relates to cognition, mental health and physical health in old age.", "Lothian birth-cohort studies __knowledge__ Major cognitive ageing findings of the studies have concerned the stability of intelligence from childhood to old age, the influence of genetics on cognitive function and decline, and the role of the brain's white matter integrity in successful cognitive ageing.", "Cognitive behavioral therapy __knowledge__ Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a psycho-social intervention that is the most widely used evidence-based practice for improving mental health.", "Cognitive behavioral therapy __knowledge__ Guided by empirical research, CBT focuses on the development of personal coping strategies that target solving current problems and changing unhelpful patterns in cognitions (e.g.", "Cognitive behavioral therapy __knowledge__ thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes), behaviors, and emotional regulation.", "Cognitive behavioral therapy __knowledge__ It was originally designed to treat depression, and is now used for a number of mental health conditions.", "Cognitive behavioral therapy __knowledge__ The CBT model is based on the combination of the basic principles from behavioral and cognitive psychology .", "Clinical psychology __knowledge__ Clinical psychology is an integration of science, theory and clinical knowledge for the purpose of understanding, preventing, and relieving psychologically-based distress or dysfunction and to promote subjective well-being and personal development.", "Clinical psychology __knowledge__ Central to its practice are psychological assessment, clinical formulation, and psychotherapy, although clinical psychologists also engage in research, teaching, consultation, forensic testimony, and program development and administration.", "Clinical psychology __knowledge__ In many countries, clinical psychology is a regulated mental health profession.", "Clinical psychology __knowledge__ The field is generally considered to have begun in 1896 with the opening of the first psychological clinic at the University of Pennsylvania by Lightner Witmer.", "Operational transformation __knowledge__ Operational transformation (OT) is a technology for supporting a range of collaboration functionalities in advanced collaborative software systems.", "Operational transformation __knowledge__ OT was originally invented for consistency maintenance and concurrency control in collaborative editing of plain text documents.", "Operational transformation __knowledge__ Two decades of research has extended its capabilities and expanded its applications to include group undo, locking, conflict resolution, operation notification and compression, group-awareness, HTML/XML and tree-structured document editing, collaborative office productivity tools, application-sharing, and collaborative computer-aided media design tools (see OTFAQ).", "Neuropsychology __knowledge__ Neuropsychology is the study of the structure and function of the brain as they relate to specific psychological processes and behaviours.", "Neuropsychology __knowledge__ It is an experimental field of psychology that aims to understand how behavior and cognition are influenced by brain functioning and is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of behavioral and cognitive effects of neurological disorders.", "Neuropsychology __knowledge__ Whereas classical neurology focuses on the physiology of the nervous system and classical psychology is largely divorced from it, neuropsychology seeks to discover how the brain correlates with the mind.", "Neuropsychology __knowledge__ It thus shares concepts and concerns with neuropsychiatry and with behavioral neurology in general." ] ]

[ 2, 52, 14 ]

[ "Hey there! I train horses for therapeutic purposes, generally to assist occupational therapists with their clients.", "When an OT, who has a client with a specific cognitive or mental setback, I find a horse suited to help them with their rehab.", "You can think of them that way, yeah. I train them to assist physically or mentally disabled individuals learn to cope with their condition." ]

[ "Horse training", "Horse training", "Horse training" ]

[ "Football", "Our town is big into high school football - our quarterback just left to go play for Clemson.", "That's interesting - what are the different codes?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Football __knowledge__ Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball with a foot to score a goal.", "Football __knowledge__ Unqualified, the word \"football\" is understood to refer to whichever form of football is the most popular in the regional context in which the word appears.", "Football __knowledge__ Sports commonly called \"football\" in certain places include: association football (known as soccer in some countries); gridiron football (specifically American football or Canadian football); Australian rules football; rugby football (either rugby league or rugby union); and Gaelic football.", "Football __knowledge__ These different variations of football are known as football codes.", "Football __knowledge__ Various forms of football can be identified in history, often as popular peasant games.", "Football __knowledge__ Contemporary codes of football can be traced back to the codification of these games at English public schools during the nineteenth century.", "Football __knowledge__ The expanse of the British Empire allowed these rules of football to spread to areas of British influence outside the directly controlled Empire.", "Football __knowledge__ By the end of the nineteenth century, distinct regional codes were already developing: Gaelic football, for example, deliberately incorporated the rules of local traditional football games in order to maintain their heritage." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Football __knowledge__ Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball with a foot to score a goal.", "Football __knowledge__ Unqualified, the word \"football\" is understood to refer to whichever form of football is the most popular in the regional context in which the word appears.", "Football __knowledge__ Sports commonly called \"football\" in certain places include: association football (known as soccer in some countries); gridiron football (specifically American football or Canadian football); Australian rules football; rugby football (either rugby league or rugby union); and Gaelic football.", "Football __knowledge__ These different variations of football are known as football codes.", "Football __knowledge__ Various forms of football can be identified in history, often as popular peasant games.", "Football __knowledge__ Contemporary codes of football can be traced back to the codification of these games at English public schools during the nineteenth century.", "Football __knowledge__ The expanse of the British Empire allowed these rules of football to spread to areas of British influence outside the directly controlled Empire.", "Football __knowledge__ By the end of the nineteenth century, distinct regional codes were already developing: Gaelic football, for example, deliberately incorporated the rules of local traditional football games in order to maintain their heritage.", "2001 Gator Bowl __knowledge__ The 2001 Gator Bowl was a post-season American college football bowl game between the Virginia Tech Hokies and the Clemson Tigers at Alltel Stadium in Jacksonville, Florida on January 1, 2001.", "2001 Gator Bowl __knowledge__ The game was the final contest of the 2000 NCAA Division I-A football season for both teams, and ended in a 41–20 victory for Virginia Tech.", "2001 Gator Bowl __knowledge__ Virginia Tech entered the game headed by star quarterback Michael Vick, who led the Hokies to a 10–1 regular-season record despite being injured for a part of the season.", "2001 Gator Bowl __knowledge__ Clemson entered the game with a regular-season record of 9–2 under the command of head coach Tommy Bowden, who was in the second year of his tenure.", "Early history of American football __knowledge__ The early history of American football can be traced to early versions of rugby football and association football.", "Early history of American football __knowledge__ Both games have their origin in varieties of football played in Britain in the mid–19th century, in which a football is kicked at a goal or run over a line, which in turn were based on the varieties of English public school football games.", "Early history of American football __knowledge__ American football resulted from several major divergences from association football and rugby football, most notably the rule changes instituted by Walter Camp, a Yale University and Hopkins School graduate considered to be the \"father of gridiron football\".", "Clemson Tigers football __knowledge__ The Clemson Tigers, known traditionally as the \"Clemson University Tigers\", represent Clemson University in the sport of American football.", "Clemson Tigers football __knowledge__ The Tigers compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Atlantic Division of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC).", "Clemson Tigers football __knowledge__ Formed in 1896, the program has over 700 wins and has achieved two consensus Division I Football National Championships in the modern era and were College Football Playoff National Championship Finalists in 2015 and 2016, winning the championship game over the Alabama Crimson Tide for the 2016 season.", "2015 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The 2015 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously \"Alabama\", \"UA\", \"Bama\", or \"The Tide\") represented the University of Alabama in the 2015 NCAA Division I FBS football season.", "2015 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ It marked the Crimson Tide's 121st overall season, 82nd as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and its 24th within the SEC Western Division.", "2015 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The team played its home games at Bryant–Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.", "2015 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ They were led by ninth-year head coach Nick Saban.", "2015 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ They finished the season with a record of 14 wins and 1 loss (14–1 overall, 7–1 in the SEC), as SEC champions and as consensus national champions after they defeated Clemson in the College Football Playoff (CFP) National Championship Game.", "Clemson–South Carolina rivalry __knowledge__ The Clemson–South Carolina rivalry, also called the Carolina–Clemson rivalry, is an American collegiate athletic rivalry between the University of South Carolina Gamecocks and the Clemson University Tigers.", "Clemson–South Carolina rivalry __knowledge__ Since 2015, the two also compete in the Palmetto Series, which is an athletic, head-to-head competition between both schools, not just in football, but also more than a dozen competitions throughout each school year.", "Clemson–South Carolina rivalry __knowledge__ Both institutions are public universities supported by the state of South Carolina, and their campuses are separated by only 132 miles.", "Clemson–South Carolina rivalry __knowledge__ USC and Clemson have been bitter rivals since the 1880s, and a heated rivalry continues to this day for a variety of reasons, including the historic tensions regarding their respective charters and the passions surrounding their athletic programs.", "Miami Hurricanes football __knowledge__ The Miami Hurricanes football team represents the University of Miami in the sport of American football.", "Miami Hurricanes football __knowledge__ The Hurricanes compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA)'s Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) and the Coastal Division of the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC).", "Miami Hurricanes football __knowledge__ The program began in 1926 and has won five AP national championships (1983, 1987, 1989, 1991, 2001).", "Miami Hurricanes football __knowledge__ The Miami Hurricanes are among the most storied and decorated football programs in NCAA history.", "Miami Hurricanes football __knowledge__ Miami is ranked fourth on the list of All-time Associated Press National Poll Championships, tied with Southern California and Ohio State and behind Alabama, Notre Dame, and Oklahoma.", "Steve Spurrier __knowledge__ Stephen Orr Spurrier (born April 20, 1945) is a former American football player and coach.", "Steve Spurrier __knowledge__ Spurrier served as the head coach of three college and two professional teams.", "Steve Spurrier __knowledge__ He was also a standout college football player, and spent a decade playing professionally in the National Football League (NFL).", "Steve Spurrier __knowledge__ Spurrier retired from coaching in 2015 and now serves as an ambassador and consultant for the University of Florida's athletic department.", "Steve Spurrier __knowledge__ He is nicknamed the \"Head Ball Coach\".", "Steve Spurrier __knowledge__ Spurrier was born in Miami Beach, Florida and grew up in Tennessee, where he was a multi-sport all-state athlete at Science Hill High School in Johnson City.", "Laws of rugby union __knowledge__ The laws of Rugby Union are defined by World Rugby (originally the International Rugby Football Board, and later International Rugby Board) and dictate how the game should be played.", "Laws of rugby union __knowledge__ They are enforced by a referee, generally with the help of two assistant referees.", "Laws of rugby union __knowledge__ When playing a game of Rugby Union the overall objective is to score more points than the opposition through tries and goals.", "Laws of rugby union __knowledge__ A try worth five points is scored when a team grounds the ball in the opposition's in-goal.", "Laws of rugby union __knowledge__ A conversion (kick at a goal) is then attempted by either place or drop kicking the ball between the H-shaped goal posts and above the crossbar, if successful this is worth two extra points.", "Comparison of American and Canadian football __knowledge__ American and Canadian football are gridiron codes of football that are very similar.", "Comparison of American and Canadian football __knowledge__ Both have their origins in rugby football.", "Comparison of American and Canadian football __knowledge__ There are, however, some key differences.", "Comparison of American and Canadian football __knowledge__ Football was introduced to North America in Canada by the British Army garrison in Montreal, which played a series of games with McGill University.", "Comparison of American and Canadian football __knowledge__ In 1874, the U.S. Harvard University hosted Canada's McGill University to play the new game derived from rugby football in a home-and-home series.", "Comparison of American and Canadian football __knowledge__ When the Canadians arrived several days early, to take advantage of the trip to see Boston and the surrounding areas, they held daily practices.", "David Campese __knowledge__ David Ian Campese, AM (born 21 October 1962), also known as Campo, is a former Australian rugby union player.", "David Campese __knowledge__ Campese was capped by the Wallabies 101 times, and held the world record for the most tries in test matches (64) until Daisuke Ohata scored his 65th try playing for Japan on 14 May 2006.", "David Campese __knowledge__ Campese made his debut for the Wallabies on the 1982 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand, during which he scored a try in his first two Tests.", "David Campese __knowledge__ In 1983, he equaled the then record for most tries in a Test match for Australia against the USA, scoring four tries.", "David Campese __knowledge__ He was a member of the Eighth Wallabies for the 1984 Australia rugby union tour of Britain and Ireland that won rugby union's \"grand slam\", the first Australian side to defeat all four home nations, England, Ireland, Wales and Scotland, on a tour.", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ The following is a description of the various and alternating rules of gridiron football.", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ Numerous leagues or organizations tend to send a laundry list of rules in order to better distinguish themselves from their counterparts.", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ American football is played on a field .", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ The longer boundary lines are \"sidelines\", while the shorter boundary lines are \"end lines\".", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ Sidelines and end lines are out of bounds.", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ Near each end of the field is a \"goal line\"; they are apart.", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ A scoring area called an \"end zone\" extends beyond each goal line to each end line.", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ The end zone includes the goal line but not the end line.", "Glossary of rugby union terms __knowledge__ Rugby union is a team sport played between two teams of fifteen players.", "Glossary of rugby union terms __knowledge__ It is known for its rich terminology.", "Glossary of rugby union terms __knowledge__ This is a general glossary of the terminology used in the sport of rugby union.", "Glossary of rugby union terms __knowledge__ Where words in a sentence are also defined elsewhere in this article, they appear in italics.", "Glossary of rugby union terms __knowledge__ 22 The 22 m line, marking from the tryline.", "Glossary of rugby union terms __knowledge__ 89 An \"89\" or \"eight-nine move\" is a phase following a \"scrum\", in which the \"number 8\" picks up the ball and transfers it to number 9 (\"scrum-half\").", "Glossary of rugby union terms __knowledge__ 99 The \"99\" call was a policy of simultaneous retaliation by the 1974 British Lions tour to South Africa, (the 99 comes from the British emergency services telephone number which is 999).", "2007 Cleveland Browns season __knowledge__ The 2007 Cleveland Browns season was the team's 59th season as a professional sports franchise and its 55th season as a member of the National Football League (NFL).", "2007 Cleveland Browns season __knowledge__ The season began with the Browns attempting to improve upon their 4–12 record from the 2006 season, in which the team finished in fourth place in the AFC North.", "2007 Cleveland Browns season __knowledge__ The Browns also attempted to overcome the many injuries that plagued the team throughout the 2006 season.", "2007 Cleveland Browns season __knowledge__ The Browns remained under the supervision of head coach Romeo Crennel and they played all of their home games in Cleveland Browns Stadium in Cleveland, Ohio.", "2007 Cleveland Browns season __knowledge__ During the 2007 NFL Draft, the Browns selected Wisconsin offensive tackle Joe Thomas with the third overall selection.", "Rugby union gameplay __knowledge__ Rugby union is a contact sport that consists of two teams of fifteen players.", "Rugby union gameplay __knowledge__ The objective is to obtain more points than the opposition through scoring tries or kicking goals over eighty minutes of playing time.", "Rugby union gameplay __knowledge__ The Play is started with one team drop kicking the ball from the halfway line towards the opposition.", "Rugby union gameplay __knowledge__ The rugby ball can be moved up the field by either carrying it or kicking it.", "Rugby union gameplay __knowledge__ However, when passing the ball it can only be thrown laterally or backward.", "Rugby union gameplay __knowledge__ The opposition can stop players moving up the field by tackling them.", "Rugby union gameplay __knowledge__ Only players carrying the ball can be tackled and once a tackle is completed the opposition can compete for the ball." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Football __knowledge__ Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball with a foot to score a goal.", "Football __knowledge__ Unqualified, the word \"football\" is understood to refer to whichever form of football is the most popular in the regional context in which the word appears.", "Football __knowledge__ Sports commonly called \"football\" in certain places include: association football (known as soccer in some countries); gridiron football (specifically American football or Canadian football); Australian rules football; rugby football (either rugby league or rugby union); and Gaelic football.", "Football __knowledge__ These different variations of football are known as football codes.", "Football __knowledge__ Various forms of football can be identified in history, often as popular peasant games.", "Football __knowledge__ Contemporary codes of football can be traced back to the codification of these games at English public schools during the nineteenth century.", "Football __knowledge__ The expanse of the British Empire allowed these rules of football to spread to areas of British influence outside the directly controlled Empire.", "Football __knowledge__ By the end of the nineteenth century, distinct regional codes were already developing: Gaelic football, for example, deliberately incorporated the rules of local traditional football games in order to maintain their heritage.", "Coding theory __knowledge__ Coding theory is the study of the properties of codes and their respective fitness for specific applications.", "Coding theory __knowledge__ Codes are used for data compression, cryptography, error-correction, and networking.", "Coding theory __knowledge__ Codes are studied by various scientific disciplines—such as information theory, electrical engineering, mathematics, linguistics, and computer science—for the purpose of designing efficient and reliable data transmission methods.", "Coding theory __knowledge__ This typically involves the removal of redundancy and the correction or detection of errors in the transmitted data.", "Coding theory __knowledge__ There are four types of coding: Data compression attempts to compress the data from a source in order to transmit it more efficiently.", "IATA airport code __knowledge__ An IATA airport code, also known as an IATA location identifier, IATA station code or simply a location identifier, is a three-letter code designating many airports around the world, defined by the International Air Transport Association (IATA).", "IATA airport code __knowledge__ The characters prominently displayed on baggage tags attached at airport check-in desks are an example of a way these codes are used.", "IATA airport code __knowledge__ The assignment of these codes is governed by IATA Resolution 763, and it is administered by IATA headquarters in Montreal.", "IATA airport code __knowledge__ The codes are published biannually in the IATA Airline Coding Directory.", "IATA airport code __knowledge__ IATA also provides codes for railway stations and for airport handling entities.", "Code-division multiple access __knowledge__ Code-division multiple access (CDMA) is a channel access method used by various radio communication technologies.", "Code-division multiple access __knowledge__ CDMA is an example of multiple access, where several transmitters can send information simultaneously over a single communication channel.", "Code-division multiple access __knowledge__ This allows several users to share a band of frequencies (see bandwidth).", "Code-division multiple access __knowledge__ To permit this without undue interference between the users, CDMA employs spread spectrum technology and a special coding scheme (where each transmitter is assigned a code).", "Code-division multiple access __knowledge__ CDMA is used as the access method in many mobile phone standards.", "Code-division multiple access __knowledge__ IS-95, also called \"cdmaOne\", and its 3G evolution CDMA2000, are often simply referred to as \"CDMA\", but UMTS, the 3G standard used by GSM carriers, also uses \"wideband CDMA\", or W-CDMA, as well as TD-CDMA and TD-SCDMA, as its radio technologies.", "Football (word) __knowledge__ The English word football may mean any one of several team sports (or the ball used in that respective sport), depending on the national or regional origin and location of the person using the word.", "Football (word) __knowledge__ So where English is a first language the unqualified use of the word \"football\" is used to refer to the most popular code of football in that region.", "Football (word) __knowledge__ The sports most frequently referred to as simply \"football\" are association football (soccer), American football, Australian rules football, Canadian football, Gaelic football, rugby league football and rugby union football.", "Football (word) __knowledge__ Of the 45 \"national\" FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) affiliates in which English is an official or primary language, 43 use \"football\" in their organisations' official names (Canada and the United States use \"soccer\").", "GPS signals __knowledge__ Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites broadcast microwave signals to enable GPS receivers on or near the Earth's surface to determine location and time and derive velocity.", "GPS signals __knowledge__ The GPS system itself is operated by the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) for use by both the military and the general public.", "GPS signals __knowledge__ GPS signals include ranging signals, used to measure the distance to the satellite, and navigation messages.", "GPS signals __knowledge__ The navigation messages include \"ephemeris\" data, used to calculate the position of each satellite in orbit, and information about the time and status of the entire satellite constellation, called the \"almanac\".", "Australian rules football schism (1938–1949) __knowledge__ The Australian rules football schism (1938–1949) was a period of division in the rules and governance of Australian rules football, primarily in the sport's traditional heartland of Melbourne, and to lesser extents in North West Tasmania and parts of regional Victoria.", "Australian rules football schism (1938–1949) __knowledge__ The schism existed primarily between Melbourne's pre-eminent league, the Victorian Football League (VFL), and its secondary league, the Victorian Football Association (VFA).", "Australian rules football schism (1938–1949) __knowledge__ In the context of VFA history, this period is often referred to as the throw-pass era.", "Australian rules football schism (1938–1949) __knowledge__ The schism began in 1938, when the VFA introduced several rule changes, including legalising throwing of the football in general play.", "Garage door opener __knowledge__ A garage door opener is a motorized device that opens and closes garage doors.", "Garage door opener __knowledge__ Most are controlled by switches on the garage wall, as well as by remote controls carried by the owner.", "Garage door opener __knowledge__ The electric overhead garage door opener was invented by C.G.", "Garage door opener __knowledge__ Johnson in 1926 in Hartford City, Indiana.", "Garage door opener __knowledge__ Electric Garage Door openers did not become popular until Era Meter Company of Chicago offered one after World War II where the overhead garage door could be opened via a key pad located on a post at the end of the driveway or a switch inside the garage.", "Garage door opener __knowledge__ As in an elevator, the electric motor does not provide most of the power to move a heavy garage door.", "Neaira (hetaera) __knowledge__ Neaira (; ), also Neaera (), was a hetaera who lived in the 4th century BC in ancient Greece.", "Neaira (hetaera) __knowledge__ She was brought to trial between 343 and 340 BC, accused of marrying an Athenian citizen illegally and misrepresenting her daughter as an Athenian citizen.", "Neaira (hetaera) __knowledge__ The speech made against Neaira in this trial by Apollodorus is preserved as Demosthenes' fifty-ninth speech, though the speech is often attributed to Pseudo-Demosthenes, who seems to have worked on many of the speeches given by Apollodorus.", "Neaira (hetaera) __knowledge__ The speech provides more details than any other about prostitutes of antiquity, and consequently a great deal of information about sex trade in the ancient Greek city-states (poleis).", "Football in Australia __knowledge__ Football in Australia refers to football codes played in the country including Australian rules football, rugby league, rugby union, association football, American football and Gaelic football.", "Football in Australia __knowledge__ Professional football is played in Australia for four of these codes, with the leagues involved including the Australian Football League (Aussie rules), the National Rugby League (Rugby League), Super Rugby (rugby union), and the A-League (soccer).", "Football in Australia __knowledge__ Professional football has been televised for many years, with Australian rules football and rugby league being the most popular codes on television.", "Football in Australia __knowledge__ Australia has a number of national football teams encompassing several football codes including Australian rules, rugby league, rugby union, soccer, Gaelic and gridiron.", "History of soccer in Brisbane, Queensland __knowledge__ The earliest known records of regular association football (soccer) games in Brisbane date from the early 1880s, when a group comprising mostly Scottish immigrants commenced playing at Queen's Park, adjacent to Alice and Edward Streets in the city (now part of the City Botanic Gardens) and vacant land in Melbourne Street South Brisbane, between Grey and Stanley Streets.", "History of soccer in Brisbane, Queensland __knowledge__ This group of players subsequently formed the Anglo-Queensland Football Association in early 1884, and commenced playing fixtures at the sportsfield behind the Pineapple Hotel, in Main Street Kangaroo Point, and at Queen's Park, in June 1884.", "Australian rules football __knowledge__ Australian rules football, officially known as Australian football, or simply called Aussie rules, football or footy, is a contact sport played between two teams of eighteen players on an oval-shaped field, often a modified cricket ground.", "Australian rules football __knowledge__ Points are scored by kicking the oval-shaped ball between the opposing goal posts (worth six points) or behind posts (worth one point).", "Australian rules football __knowledge__ The team with the highest score at the end of the match wins unless a draw is declared.", "Australian rules football __knowledge__ During general play, players may position themselves anywhere on the field and use any part of their bodies to move the ball.", "Australian rules football __knowledge__ The primary methods are kicking, handballing and running with the ball.", "2012 Australian football code crowds __knowledge__ Australia is home to 4 professional football codes.", "2012 Australian football code crowds __knowledge__ This is a comprehensive list of crowd figures for Australian football codes in 2012.", "2012 Australian football code crowds __knowledge__ It includes several different competitions and matches from Australian rules football, Association football (Soccer), rugby league and rugby union and International rules football which is hybrid game played between Australian & Ireland which takes aspect from Australian rules football & Gaelic football.", "2012 Australian football code crowds __knowledge__ Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane have teams represented in all four codes.", "2012 Australian football code crowds __knowledge__ Hobart and Darwin are Australia's only capital cities without a professional football team though they are home to professional games of Australian Football.", "2008 Australian football code crowds __knowledge__ Australia is home to four professional football codes.", "2008 Australian football code crowds __knowledge__ This is a comprehensive list of crowd figures for Australian football codes in 2008.", "2008 Australian football code crowds __knowledge__ It includes several different competitions and matches from Australian rules football, rugby league, football (soccer) and rugby union (international rules football is a code of football played by Australian rules footballers).", "2008 Australian football code crowds __knowledge__ Sydney and Brisbane have teams represented in all four codes.", "2008 Australian football code crowds __knowledge__ Hobart and Darwin are Australia's only capital cities without a professional football team.", "2008 Australian football code crowds __knowledge__ Several football codes have national (domestic) competitions in Australia, the following are taken into consideration: Two of these leagues, specifically the NRL and A-League, have one team in New Zealand." ] ]

[ 1, 4, 6 ]

[ "I love football! Im a kicker kicking a ball with a foot to score a goal.", "neat I have heard variations of football are known as football codes.", "Well Contemporary codes of football can be traced back to the codification of the game!" ]

[ "Football", "Football", "Football" ]

[ "Housewife\nMy wife stays at home to help raise our kids, do you have a wife?", "Yeah we have two little girls that my wife home school. What does your wife enjoy doing? ", "Yeah you can say that then, what does your wife like to cook?", "When it comes to the household in my family, my wife take care of the inside and I take care of the outside of the house." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Housewife __knowledge__ A housewife is a woman whose occupation is running or managing her family's home—caring for her children; buying, cooking, and storing food for the family; buying goods that the family needs in everyday life; housekeeping and maintaining the home; and making clothes for the family—and who is not employed outside the home.", "Housewife __knowledge__ A housewife may also be called a \"stay-at-home mother\" or \"SAHM\", and a househusband may be called a \"male homemaker\", \"stay-at-home father\", or \"SAHD\".", "Housewife __knowledge__ \"Webster's Dictionary\" describes a housewife as a married woman who is in charge of her household.", "Housewife __knowledge__ The British \"Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary\" (1901) defined a housewife as: \"the mistress of a household; a female domestic manager; a pocket sewing kit\".", "Housewife __knowledge__ A small sewing kit is sometimes called a \"housewife\" or \"hussif\".", "Housewife __knowledge__ Some feminists and non-feminist economists (particularly proponents of historical materialism, the methodological approach of Marxist historiography) note that the value of housewives' work is ignored in standard formulations of economic output, such as GDP or employment figures.", "Housewife __knowledge__ Housewives work many unpaid hours a week, often depending on income from their husband's employment for financial support.", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ \"Desperate Housewives\" is an American comedy-drama series that aired on ABC (American Broadcasting Company).", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ It focuses on the residents living on the fictional Wisteria Lane as narrated by their deceased neighbor, Mary Alice Young (Brenda Strong).", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ Specifically, the series follows four protagonists and Mary Alice's friends, Susan Mayer (Teri Hatcher), Lynette Scavo (Felicity Huffman), Bree Van de Kamp (Marcia Cross), and Gabrielle Solis (Eva Longoria).", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ \"Desperate Housewives\" features an ensemble cast, which also includes the women's husbands, children, love interests, neighbors, and other acquaintances.", "List of EastEnders characters (2008) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that first appeared in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" in 2008, by order of first appearance.", "List of EastEnders characters (2008) __knowledge__ All characters were introduced by executive producer Diederick Santer.", "List of EastEnders characters (2008) __knowledge__ Santer introduced four characters in January, Mr Lister, a new market inspector; Christian Clarke, the brother of Jane Beale and two members of the Branning family, Selina and Penny.", "List of EastEnders characters (2008) __knowledge__ In March, he introduced Jalil Iqbal, a new love interest for Shabnam Masood and in April he introduced Ricky Butcher's fiancée, Melinda as well as Bianca Jackson's children, Whitney, Morgan and Tiffany.", "List of EastEnders characters (2008) __knowledge__ Also in April he introduced Denise Fox's ex-husband, Lucas Johnson, and Opal Smith, the aunt of Gus and Juley Smith.", "List of EastEnders characters (2010) __knowledge__ The following are characters who first appeared, or returned, in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" during 2010 listed by order of first appearance.", "List of EastEnders characters (2010) __knowledge__ Executive producer Diederick Santer left \"EastEnders\" on 26 February 2010, handing over to Bryan Kirkwood, who fully took control from 1 March 2010.", "List of EastEnders characters (2010) __knowledge__ Santer introduced five new main characters in January, three from the online spin-off \"\" (Zsa Zsa Carter, Leon Small and Fatboy) as well as two members of the long-established Mitchell family, Glenda Mitchell and her son Danny.", "List of EastEnders characters (2010) __knowledge__ February saw the show's first birth of 2010, with Kamil Masood, the fourth child of the established Zainab Masood and Masood Ahmed.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "List of EastEnders characters (2014) __knowledge__ The following are characters who first appeared, or returned, in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" during 2014 listed by order of first appearance.", "List of EastEnders characters (2014) __knowledge__ All new characters in 2014 were introduced by Dominic Treadwell-Collins, executive producer.", "List of EastEnders characters (2014) __knowledge__ Nancy Carter arrived in January with her fiancé, Wayne Ladlow, Stan Carter, Babe Smith and new market inspector, Aleks Shirovs.", "List of EastEnders characters (2014) __knowledge__ February saw Stacey Branning return with her daughter Lily and also her new boyfriend, Luke Riley, followed by Tosh Mackintosh.", "List of EastEnders characters (2014) __knowledge__ On 10 March, Charlie Cotton and on 4 April, Lee Carter.", "List of EastEnders characters (2014) __knowledge__ Donna Yates, a new market stallholder and Pam Coker, Les Coker's wife, both arrived on 14 April.", "Craig Hart Neilsen __knowledge__ Craig Hart Neilsen (August 31, 1941 in Logan, Utah — November 19, 2006 in Las Vegas, Nevada) was an American gaming industry executive who founded Ameristar Casinos, Inc. and formed the Craig H. Neilsen Foundation to fund scientific research and quality of life programs for people living with spinal cord injuries.", "Craig Hart Neilsen __knowledge__ Craig Hart Neilsen was an American entrepreneur, gaming industry executive, and philanthropist.", "Craig Hart Neilsen __knowledge__ Neilsen was born in Logan, Utah, to Ray and Gwen Neilsen.", "Craig Hart Neilsen __knowledge__ The family later moved to Twin Falls, Idaho, where Neilsen graduated from high school in 1959.", "Craig Hart Neilsen __knowledge__ After receiving a degree in political science from Utah State University, Neilsen enrolled at the University of Utah where he earned a Master’s in Business Administration in 1964 and a law degree in 1967.", "Machismo __knowledge__ Machismo (; ; (from Spanish and Portuguese \"\"macho\"\", male)) is the sense of being 'manly' and self-reliant, the concept associated with \"a strong sense of masculine pride: an exaggerated masculinity.\"", "Machismo __knowledge__ It is associated with \"a man’s responsibility to provide for, protect, and defend his family.\"", "Machismo __knowledge__ In American political usage, William Safire said that it refers to the... \"condescension of the swaggering male; the trappings of manliness used to dominate women and keep them 'in their place...'\" The word has a long history in both Spain and Portugal as well as in Spanish and Portuguese languages.", "Machismo __knowledge__ It was originally associated with the ideal societal role men were expected to play in their communities, most particularly, Iberian language-speaking societies and countries." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Housewife __knowledge__ A housewife is a woman whose occupation is running or managing her family's home—caring for her children; buying, cooking, and storing food for the family; buying goods that the family needs in everyday life; housekeeping and maintaining the home; and making clothes for the family—and who is not employed outside the home.", "Housewife __knowledge__ A housewife may also be called a \"stay-at-home mother\" or \"SAHM\", and a househusband may be called a \"male homemaker\", \"stay-at-home father\", or \"SAHD\".", "Housewife __knowledge__ \"Webster's Dictionary\" describes a housewife as a married woman who is in charge of her household.", "Housewife __knowledge__ The British \"Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary\" (1901) defined a housewife as: \"the mistress of a household; a female domestic manager; a pocket sewing kit\".", "Housewife __knowledge__ A small sewing kit is sometimes called a \"housewife\" or \"hussif\".", "Housewife __knowledge__ Some feminists and non-feminist economists (particularly proponents of historical materialism, the methodological approach of Marxist historiography) note that the value of housewives' work is ignored in standard formulations of economic output, such as GDP or employment figures.", "Housewife __knowledge__ Housewives work many unpaid hours a week, often depending on income from their husband's employment for financial support.", "Starfish Country Home School Foundation __knowledge__ The Starfish Country Home School Foundation was registered as a non-profit organization in Thailand in March 2005.", "Starfish Country Home School Foundation __knowledge__ The foundation’s principal offices are located outside the Mae Taeng District, about 45 km (27 miles) north of Chiang Mai Province in northern Thailand.", "Starfish Country Home School Foundation __knowledge__ The use of Starfish in the name of the Starfish Country Home School Foundation originates from the famous parable of Loren Eisley, The Star Thrower.", "Starfish Country Home School Foundation __knowledge__ That story reflects the philosophy of the Starfish Country Home School Foundation of trying to give significant assistance to a relatively small number of beneficiaries so as to have a large impact on their lives.", "Evanston Gardens, South Australia __knowledge__ Evanston Gardens is an outer northern suburb of Adelaide, South Australia.", "Evanston Gardens, South Australia __knowledge__ It is located in the Town of Gawler.", "Evanston Gardens, South Australia __knowledge__ The suburb lies astride Angle Vale Road and is bounded on the east by the Sturt Highway (Gawler Bypass).", "Evanston Gardens, South Australia __knowledge__ The 2006 Census by the Australian Bureau of Statistics counted 770 persons in Evanston Gardens on census night.", "Evanston Gardens, South Australia __knowledge__ Of these, 50.6% were male and 49.4% were female.", "Evanston Gardens, South Australia __knowledge__ The majority of residents (78.3%) are of Australian birth, with an additional 8.4% identifying England as their country of birth.", "Evanston Gardens, South Australia __knowledge__ The age distribution of Evanston Gardens residents is similar to that of the greater Australian population.", "Baneheia murders __knowledge__ The Baneheia murders () was a notorious case of double rape-and murder that occurred in Norway on May 19, 2000.", "Baneheia murders __knowledge__ The victims were 10-year-old Lena Sløgedal Paulsen (born 14 May 1990) and 8-year-old Stine Sofie Sørstrønen (born 10 May 1992) who were found raped and killed at Baneheia in Kristiansand.", "Baneheia murders __knowledge__ Locals Viggo Kristiansen (born 24 May 1979) and Jan Helge Andersen (born 17 January 1981) were arrested and were convicted of the murders in 2002.", "Baneheia murders __knowledge__ The murders sent shock-waves through the Norwegian public who reacted with shock and disbelief.", "Baneheia murders __knowledge__ The case received massive media attention in Norway for several years in the early 2000s and beyond, as well as attracting attention abroad.", "Scary Little Girls __knowledge__ Scary Little Girls is an English production hub based in London and Cornwall.", "Scary Little Girls __knowledge__ Most of their work revolves around literary and matri-focal themes.", "Scary Little Girls __knowledge__ They also do comedy and cabaret work with predominantly female casts.", "Scary Little Girls __knowledge__ They are a charity registered in England and Wales under charity number 1136270.", "Scary Little Girls __knowledge__ The co-artistic directors are Rebecca Mordan and Sharon Andrew.", "Scary Little Girls __knowledge__ Scary Little Girls was founded in 2002 by actress and activist Rebecca Mordan and became an official charity in 2005, when Sharon Andrew joined as co-artistic director.", "Scary Little Girls __knowledge__ Between 2002 and 2005, Scary Little Girls did various school workshops, a production of Dracula (2003) with a female Dracula and a production of Maria Stuart (2005).", "Good Little Girls (novel) __knowledge__ \"Les petites filles modèles\" [\"Good Little Girls\"] is a novel for children by the Countess of Ségur first published in May 1858.", "Good Little Girls (novel) __knowledge__ It is the second book of a trilogy, with \"Sophie's Misfortunes\" (1858) and \"Les vacances\" [\"The Holidays\"] (1859).", "Good Little Girls (novel) __knowledge__ Hachette was still selling 20 000 copies of this novel at the beginning of the 21st century.", "Good Little Girls (novel) __knowledge__ In the introduction, the Countess of Ségur writes : “My two little girls are no creation, they really exist : they are portraits; the proof of this lies in their imperfections.", "Good Little Girls (novel) __knowledge__ They have flaws, light shadows which emphasize the charm of their portraits and prove the existence of their models.", "Hillside Home School I __knowledge__ In March 1887, Frank Lloyd Wright, having newly moved to Chicago to try to become an architect, received a letter from his aunt Ellen C. Lloyd Jones asking him to perhaps design a building for the school that she planned with her sister, Jane (\"Jenny\").", "Hillside Home School I __knowledge__ Biographer Meryle Secrest wrote about the letter from \"Aunt 'Nell'\" to Wright in her biography on the architect: The letter contains detailed instructions about floor plans... She added that some of her friends were contributing their architectural notions.", "Hillside Home School I __knowledge__ The nephew seems to have cut them all out fast.", "Hillside Home School I __knowledge__ His resulting designs were evidently derived from those of [Joseph Lyman] Silsbee [his then-employer], and one of his authorized biographies more or less acknowledges that this architect played the largest role.", "Cardus Education Survey Canada __knowledge__ The Cardus Education Survey: A Rising Tide Lifts All Boats (Cardus II) is a Canadian report measuring non-government school effects in service of the Canadian public good.", "Cardus Education Survey Canada __knowledge__ The first of its kind to explore the topic in Canada, the study was a survey from a representative sample of graduates of government and non-government schools ages 24–39.", "Cardus Education Survey Canada __knowledge__ The data included graduates from schools in all provinces except for Quebec, which is included separately in the report.", "Cardus Education Survey Canada __knowledge__ The data was collected in March 2012.", "Cardus Education Survey Canada __knowledge__ The report was made available on September 26, 2012 at http://www.cardus.ca/research/education/.", "Cardus Education Survey Canada __knowledge__ A Cardus Education Survey was published in the United States in 2011 called \"Do the Motivations for Private Religious Catholic and Protestant Schooling in North America Align with Graduate Outcomes?", "Spinster __knowledge__ Spinster is a term used to refer to an unmarried woman who is older than what is perceived as the prime age range during which women should marry.", "Spinster __knowledge__ It could also indicate that a woman was considered unlikely to ever marry..", "Spinster __knowledge__ The term originally denoted a woman whose occupation was to spin.", "Spinster __knowledge__ A synonymous but more pejorative term is old maid..", "Spinster __knowledge__ The closest equivalent term for males is 'bachelor', but 'bachelor' doesn't generally carry the same connotations in reference to age and perceived desirability in the marriage market.", "Spinster __knowledge__ Long before the Industrial Age, \"spinster\" denoted girls and women who spun wool.", "Josephine Earp __knowledge__ Josephine Sarah \"Sadie\" Earp (née Marcus; 1860 – December 19, 1944) was the common-law wife of Wyatt Earp, a famed Old West lawman and gambler.", "Josephine Earp __knowledge__ She met Wyatt in 1881 in the frontier boom town of Tombstone, Arizona Territory, when she was living with Johnny Behan, sheriff of Cochise County, Arizona.", "Josephine Earp __knowledge__ Josephine was born in New York to a Prussian Jewish family; her father was a baker.", "Josephine Earp __knowledge__ They moved to San Francisco, where Josephine attended dance school as a girl.", "Josephine Earp __knowledge__ When her father had difficulty finding work, the family moved in with her older sister and brother-in-law in a working-class tenement.", "Josephine Earp __knowledge__ Josephine ran away, possibly as early as age 14, and traveled to Arizona, where she had an \"adventure\".", "The Compleat Housewife __knowledge__ The Compleat Housewife, or, Accomplish'd Gentlewoman's Companion is a cookery book written by Eliza Smith and first published in London in 1727.", "The Compleat Housewife __knowledge__ It became extremely popular, running through 18 editions in fifty years.", "The Compleat Housewife __knowledge__ It was the first cookery book to be published in the Thirteen Colonies of America: it was printed in Williamsburg, Virginia, in 1742.", "The Compleat Housewife __knowledge__ It contained the first published recipe for \"katchup\", and appears to be the earliest source for bread and butter pudding.", "The Compleat Housewife __knowledge__ The book includes recipes not only for foods but for wines, cordial-waters, medicines and salves.", "The Compleat Housewife __knowledge__ The title page describes \"The Compleat Housewife\" as a The book was the first to publish a recipe for \"Katchup\"; it included mushrooms, anchovies and horseradish.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters in the television series \"Mad Men\", all of whom have appeared in multiple episodes.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Donald \"Don\" Draper (né Dick Whitman; Jon Hamm) born 1926, is the creative director at Sterling Cooper Advertising Agency; he eventually rises to become a partner.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ He later becomes a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Draper is the series' protagonist, and more storylines focus on him than on other characters.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ Margaret \"Peggy\" Olson (Elisabeth Moss), upon introduction, is the ostensibly naïve \"new girl\" at Sterling Cooper.", "List of Mad Men characters __knowledge__ She was originally Draper's secretary, but showed surprising talent and initiative, including a knack—similar to Draper's—for understanding the consumer's mind.", "Paulette Bernège __knowledge__ Paulette Bernège (1896 – 25 November 1973) was a French journalist, publicist and author who specialized in housework and home economics.", "Paulette Bernège __knowledge__ She was a pioneer in applying scientific principles to the study of housework and to the design of living spaces and appliances that would make this work more efficient.", "Paulette Bernège __knowledge__ She thought housework should be measured, analyzed and organized for efficiency in the same way as factory work.", "Paulette Bernège __knowledge__ Domestic appliances should be used to reduce labor and the home layout should minimize the need to move from one spot to another.", "Paulette Bernège __knowledge__ Although her ideal home was too expensive for most people in the period before World War II (1939–45), her work led to more efficient designs in French apartments and houses built after the war.", "History of women in the United States __knowledge__ This is a history of women in the United States since 1776, and of the Thirteen Colonies before that.", "History of women in the United States __knowledge__ The reliable sources on the topic were thin before the 1960s.", "History of women in the United States __knowledge__ Since then the study of women's history has been a major scholarly and popular field, with many scholarly books and articles, museum exhibits, and courses in schools and universities.", "History of women in the United States __knowledge__ The roles of women were long ignored in textbooks and popular histories.", "History of women in the United States __knowledge__ By the 1960s, women were being presented as successful as male roles.", "History of women in the United States __knowledge__ An early feminist approach underscored their victimization and inferior status at the hands of men.", "History of women in the United States __knowledge__ In the 21st century writers have emphasized the distinctive strengths displayed inside the community of women, with special concern for minorities among women." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Housewife __knowledge__ A housewife is a woman whose occupation is running or managing her family's home—caring for her children; buying, cooking, and storing food for the family; buying goods that the family needs in everyday life; housekeeping and maintaining the home; and making clothes for the family—and who is not employed outside the home.", "Housewife __knowledge__ A housewife may also be called a \"stay-at-home mother\" or \"SAHM\", and a househusband may be called a \"male homemaker\", \"stay-at-home father\", or \"SAHD\".", "Housewife __knowledge__ \"Webster's Dictionary\" describes a housewife as a married woman who is in charge of her household.", "Housewife __knowledge__ The British \"Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary\" (1901) defined a housewife as: \"the mistress of a household; a female domestic manager; a pocket sewing kit\".", "Housewife __knowledge__ A small sewing kit is sometimes called a \"housewife\" or \"hussif\".", "Housewife __knowledge__ Some feminists and non-feminist economists (particularly proponents of historical materialism, the methodological approach of Marxist historiography) note that the value of housewives' work is ignored in standard formulations of economic output, such as GDP or employment figures.", "Housewife __knowledge__ Housewives work many unpaid hours a week, often depending on income from their husband's employment for financial support.", "List of Weeds characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the television series \"Weeds\".", "List of Weeds characters __knowledge__ Nancy Botwin, née Price (Mary-Louise Parker, leading character)—also known as Lacey LaPlante (season two) and Nathalie Newman (season six)—was a PTA soccer mom until her husband, Judah, suddenly died of a heart attack.", "List of Weeds characters __knowledge__ To maintain the upper middle-class lifestyle to which she was accustomed in the fictional town of Agrestic, Nancy entered the world of marijuana dealing.", "List of Weeds characters __knowledge__ At the start, her regular clients include her accountant, her lawyer, and fellow suburban friends.", "List of Weeds characters __knowledge__ However, as she expands and fights for survival, she is confronted with the violent realities of her business as she jockeys against competitors, gangs, and drug lords.", "Social media __knowledge__ Social media are computer-mediated technologies that facilitate the creation and sharing of information, ideas, career interests and other forms of expression via virtual communities and networks.", "Social media __knowledge__ The variety of stand-alone and built-in social media services currently available introduces challenges of definition; however, there are some common features: Users typically access social media services via web-based technologies on desktop, computers, and laptops, or download services that offer social media functionality to their mobile devices (e.g., smartphones and tablet computers).", "Social media __knowledge__ When engaging with these services, users can create highly interactive platforms through which individuals, communities and organizations can share, co-create, discuss, and modify user-generated content or pre-made content posted online.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ TRL's Number Ones is the collection of music videos that had reached the number-one spot on the daily music video countdown show \"Total Request Live\" which aired on MTV from 1998 to 2008.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ Usually the same video will stay on the number-one spot for a series of weeks but after a certain period it will be retired or honorably discharged from the countdown and be put into the hall of fame.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ The music video is usually determined various ways such as voting online on MTV.com, the \"Billboard\" charts, ratings on the radio and downloads over the internet.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ January 2: \"Lose Yourself\" - Eminem January 3: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 6: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 7: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 8: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 9: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 10: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 13: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 14: \"All I Have\" - Jennifer Lopez featuring LL Cool J January 15: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 16: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 17: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 22: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 23: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 24: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 28: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 29: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 30: \"Bump, Bump, Bump\" - B2K featuring P. Diddy January 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 3: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 4: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 7: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 10: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 11: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 12: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 14: Valentine's Day Special #1 Video: \"Why I Love You\" - B2K February 17: TRL Awards #1 Video: \"Larger Than Life\" - Backstreet Boys February 18: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 19: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 20: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 21: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 24: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 25: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 26: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake February 27: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 28: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 3: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 4: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 7: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 10: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 11: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 12: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 14: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 17: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 18: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 19: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 20: Coverage on the war in Iraq March 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 24: \"The Hell Song\" - Sum 41 March 25: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 26: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 1: \"Girlfriend\" - B2K April 2: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 3: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 4: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 7: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 8: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 9: \"Addicted\" - Simple Plan April 10: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 11: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 15: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 16: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 17: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 18: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 22: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 23: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 24: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 25: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 28: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 29: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 30: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 1: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 2: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 5: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 6: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 7: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 8: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 9: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 12: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 13: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 15: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 16: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 19: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 20: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 22: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 26: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 27: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 28: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 29: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 30: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 2: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 3: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 4: \"Rock Wit U\" - Ashanti June 5: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 9: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 10: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 11: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 12: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 16: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 17: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 18: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 19: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 23: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 24: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 25: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 26: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 30: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 1: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 2: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 3: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 7: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 8: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 9: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 10: Dynamic Duos #1 Video: \"Girlfriend ( Remix )\"- 'N Sync featuring Nelly July 11: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 14: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 15: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 16: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 17: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 18: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 21: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 22: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 23: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 24: Funniest Video #1 Video: \"Without Me\" - Eminem July 25: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 28: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 29: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 30: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 31: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 1: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 4: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 5: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 6: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 7: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 8: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 11: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 12: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 13: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 14: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 15: August 18: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 19: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 20: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 21: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 26: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 27: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy August 28: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 29: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 2: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 3: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 4: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 5: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 8: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 9: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 10: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 11: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 12: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 15: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 17: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 18: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 19: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 23: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 24: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 25: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 26: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 29: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 30: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 1: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 2: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 3: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell October 6: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 7: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul October 8: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 9: \"Perfect\" - Simple Plan October 10: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 14: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 15: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 17: \"Trouble\" - P!nk October 18: \"Trouble\" - Pink October 21: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 23: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 27: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 28: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 29: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 30: \"Will You\" - P. O. D. October 31: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 3: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 4: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 5: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 6: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 7: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 11: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 12: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 13: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 14: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 17: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 18: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 19: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 20: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 24: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 25: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 1: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 2: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 3: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 4: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 5: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 8: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 11: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 16: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 17: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 18: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 19: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 22: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 23: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 29: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit December 30: Song Of The Year: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 5: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 6: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 7: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 8: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 13: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 14: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 16: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 19: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 21: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 22: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 26: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 27: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 28: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 29: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 30: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring Jason Weaver February 2: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 9: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 10: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 11: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 12: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 13: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte February 16: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 17: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 18: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 19: \"Sorry 2004\" - Ruben Studdard February 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 23: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 24: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 25: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon February 27: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 2: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 3: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 4: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 5: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 8: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears March 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 10: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 11: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 15: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 16: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 17: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 18: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 22: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 23: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 24: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 25: \"My Band\" - D12 March 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 29: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 30: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 31: \"My Band\" - D12 April 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 5: \"Naughty Girl\" - Beyoncé April 6: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 7: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 8: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 13: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 14: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 15: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 16: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 19: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 20: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 21: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 22: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 23: \"My Band\" - D12 April 26: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 27: \"My Band\" - D12 April 28: \"My Band\" - D12 April 29: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears May 3: \"My Band\" - D12 May 4: \"My Band\" - D12 May 5: \"My Band\" - D12 May 6: \"My Band\" - D12 May 7: \"My Band\" - D12 May 10: \"My Band\" - D12 May 11: \"My Band\" - D12 May 17: \"My Band\" - D12 May 18: \"Burn\" - Usher May 19: \"Burn\" - Usher May 20: \"Burn\" - Usher May 21: \"Burn\" - Usher May 24: \"My Band\" - D12 May 25: \"Burn\" - Usher May 26: \"Burn\" - Usher May 27: \"My Band\" - D12 May 28: \"My Band\" - D12 May 31: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 1: \"Burn\" - Usher June 2: \"Burn\" - Usher June 3: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 4: \"My Band\" - D12 June 7: \"My Band\" - D12 June 8: \"Burn\" - Usher June 9: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 10: Cross Country Countdown #1 Video: \"Forgot About Dre\" - Dr. Dre featuring Eminem June 11: \"Burn\" - Usher June 14: \"Burn\" - Usher June 15: \"How Come\" - D12 June 16: \"How Come\" - D12 June 17: \"How Come\" - D12 June 18: \"How Come\" - D12 June 21: \"How Come\" - D12 June 22: \"How Come\" - D12 June 23: \"Leave (Get Out)\" - JoJo June 24: \"How Come\" - D12 June 25: \"How Come\" - D12 June 28: \"Leave ( Get Out )\" - JoJo June 29: \"How Come\" - D12 June 30: \"Confessions Pt.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" (pronounced \"Yeah three times\" or \"Yeah Yeah Yeah\"; sometimes stylized as \"Yeah 3X\") is a song by American recording artist Chris Brown, released as the lead single from his fourth studio album \"F.A.M.E.\"", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ on October 25, 2010.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ It was written by Brown, DJ Frank E, Kevin McCall, Amber Streeter and Calvin Harris, and was produced by DJ Frank E. Brown recorded the song for his pop audience as he had been doing a lot of mixtapes and urban records.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" is an uptempo dance-pop, Europop, and electro house song; it uses a video game-type beat and features a thick bassline and big synth chords.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Plame affair __knowledge__ The Plame affair (also known as the CIA leak scandal and Plamegate) was a political scandal that revolved around journalist Robert Novak's public identification of Valerie Plame as a covert Central Intelligence Agency officer in 2003.", "Plame affair __knowledge__ In 2002, Plame wrote a memo to her superiors in which she expressed hesitation in recommending her husband, former diplomat Joseph C. Wilson, to the CIA for a mission to Niger to investigate claims that Iraq had arranged to purchase and import uranium from the country, but stated that he \"may be in a position to assist\".", "Plame affair __knowledge__ After President George W. Bush stated that \"Saddam Hussein recently sought significant quantities of uranium from Africa\" during the run-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Wilson published a July 2003 op-ed in \"The New York Times\" stating his doubts during the mission that any such transaction with Iraq had taken place.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitting is a method by which yarn is manipulated to create a textile or fabric for use in many types of garments.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitting creates multiple loops of yarn, called stitches, in a line or tube.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitting has multiple active stitches on the needle at one time.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitted fabric consists of a number of consecutive rows of intermeshing of loops.", "Knitting __knowledge__ As each row progresses, a newly created loop is pulled through one or more loops from the prior row, placed on the gaining needle, and the loops from the prior row are then pulled off the other needle.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Knitting may be done by hand or by using a machine.", "Knitting __knowledge__ Different types of yarns (fibre type, texture, and twist), needle sizes, and stitch types may be used to achieve knitted fabrics with different properties (color, texture, weight, heat retention, look, water resistance, and/or integrity).", "Crochet __knowledge__ \"Not to be confused with Crotchet, the common name for a Quarter note in music.\"", "Crochet __knowledge__ Crochet (; ) is a process of creating fabric by interlocking loops of yarn, thread, or strands of other materials using a crochet hook.", "Crochet __knowledge__ The name is derived from the French term \"crochet\", meaning 'small hook'.", "Crochet __knowledge__ These are made of materials such as metal, wood, or plastic and are manufactured commercially and produced in artisan workshops.", "Crochet __knowledge__ The salient difference between crochet and knitting, beyond the implements used for their production, is that each stitch in crochet is completed before proceeding with the next one, while knitting keeps a large number of stitches open at a time.", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ \"Desperate Housewives\" is an American comedy-drama series that aired on ABC (American Broadcasting Company).", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ It focuses on the residents living on the fictional Wisteria Lane as narrated by their deceased neighbor, Mary Alice Young (Brenda Strong).", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ Specifically, the series follows four protagonists and Mary Alice's friends, Susan Mayer (Teri Hatcher), Lynette Scavo (Felicity Huffman), Bree Van de Kamp (Marcia Cross), and Gabrielle Solis (Eva Longoria).", "List of Desperate Housewives characters __knowledge__ \"Desperate Housewives\" features an ensemble cast, which also includes the women's husbands, children, love interests, neighbors, and other acquaintances.", "Hand knitting __knowledge__ Hand knitting is a form of knitting, in which the knitted fabric is produced by hand using needles.", "Hand knitting __knowledge__ Flat knitting uses two straight needles to make generally two-dimensional (flat) pieces.", "Hand knitting __knowledge__ Flat knitting is usually used to knit flat pieces like scarves, blankets, afghans, and the backs, fronts and arms of sweaters (pullovers).", "Hand knitting __knowledge__ In flat knitting, generally stockinette stitch, the hand-knitter knits from right-to-left on one side of the fabric, turns the work (over), and then purls right-to-left back to the starting position.", "Hand knitting __knowledge__ Usually the smooth side of the fabric is considered the \"right side\", the one facing outwards for viewing; and the side that faces inwards, towards the body, the ridged side, is known as the \"wrong side\".", "History of knitting __knowledge__ Knitting is the process of using two or more needles to loop yarn into a series of interconnected loops in order to create a finished garment or some other type of fabric.", "History of knitting __knowledge__ The word is derived from \"knot\", thought to originate from the Dutch verb \"knutten\", which is similar to the Old English \"cnyttan\", to knot.", "History of knitting __knowledge__ Its origins lie in the basic human need for clothing for protection against the elements.", "History of knitting __knowledge__ More recently, hand knitting has become less a necessary skill and more a hobby.", "History of knitting __knowledge__ Knitting is a technique of producing fabric from a strand of yarn or wool.", "History of knitting __knowledge__ Unlike weaving, knitting does not require a loom or other large equipment, making it a valuable technique for nomadic and non-agrarian peoples.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ is the longest-running noontime variety show in the Philippines.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The show has featured hundreds of segments and competitions since its debut on July 30, 1979.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The following is an incomplete list of the segments of \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ throughout its thirty-eight year run on television.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The segments are organized alphabetically by title.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ It is a special segment that has a similar concept with \"I Object, Your Honor\" and \"I Object, #NasaanAngHustisya?", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \", that tests the cleverness and originality of the \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ hosts.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The hosts are divided into two teams.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ In each round, both teams are given one specific object." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Housewife __knowledge__ A housewife is a woman whose occupation is running or managing her family's home—caring for her children; buying, cooking, and storing food for the family; buying goods that the family needs in everyday life; housekeeping and maintaining the home; and making clothes for the family—and who is not employed outside the home.", "Housewife __knowledge__ A housewife may also be called a \"stay-at-home mother\" or \"SAHM\", and a househusband may be called a \"male homemaker\", \"stay-at-home father\", or \"SAHD\".", "Housewife __knowledge__ \"Webster's Dictionary\" describes a housewife as a married woman who is in charge of her household.", "Housewife __knowledge__ The British \"Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary\" (1901) defined a housewife as: \"the mistress of a household; a female domestic manager; a pocket sewing kit\".", "Housewife __knowledge__ A small sewing kit is sometimes called a \"housewife\" or \"hussif\".", "Housewife __knowledge__ Some feminists and non-feminist economists (particularly proponents of historical materialism, the methodological approach of Marxist historiography) note that the value of housewives' work is ignored in standard formulations of economic output, such as GDP or employment figures.", "Housewife __knowledge__ Housewives work many unpaid hours a week, often depending on income from their husband's employment for financial support.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (, lit: \"How many knots are left to untie?\")", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ is a Pakistani drama series, airs on Hum TV.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Created by Angeline Malik, the series is a sequel of the anthology series \"Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain\" (20112014).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ It premiered on 30 October 2016 with a different cast and different story.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ It revolves around a married couple, Saba (Hira Salman) and Kamran (Hassan Ahmed).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ They ask Jameela (servant) to give another servant duty if he/she is interested.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ She suppresses Rozi (Ushna Shah).", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ Saba is strict with her servants especially with Rozi.", "Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain (season 2) __knowledge__ She drinks water in Saba's glass, to which JHOOTA BURTAN has been derived.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of fictional characters from the British comedy-drama Shameless, created by Paul Abbott, which began broadcasting on Channel 4 in 2004.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The programme is set on the fictinal Chatsworth Estate in suburban Manchester and the surrounding area, and primarily follows the lives of the Gallagher family and the neighbouring Maguire family, and their friends and neighbours in the town's shops and local pub The Jockey.", "List of Shameless characters __knowledge__ The first series focuses on layabout Frank Gallagher and the lives of his six children, Fiona and boyfriend Steve, Lip, Ian, Carl, Debbie and Liam, and next-door neighbours, Kev and Veronica.", "Take Care (album) __knowledge__ Take Care is the second studio album by Canadian rapper Drake.", "Take Care (album) __knowledge__ It was released on November 15, 2011, by Young Money Entertainment, Cash Money Records and Republic Records.", "Take Care (album) __knowledge__ Recording sessions took place from 2010 to 2011.", "Take Care (album) __knowledge__ Production on the album was primarily handled by frequent collaborator Noah \"40\" Shebib, alongside T-Minus, The Weeknd, Boi-1da, Just Blaze, Jamie xx, among others.", "Take Care (album) __knowledge__ Noted by music writers for its minimalist R&B elements, existential subject matter, conflicted lyrics, and Drake's alternately sung and rapped vocals.", "Take Care (album) __knowledge__ The album online leaked nine days before its scheduled release.", "Take Care (album) __knowledge__ The album was promoted with eight singles—\"Marvins Room\", \"Headlines\", \"Make Me Proud\", \"The Motto\", \"Take Care\", \"HYFR (Hell Ya Fucking Right)\", \"Crew Love\" and \"Lord Knows\".", "Take Care (song) __knowledge__ \"Take Care\" is the title track from Canadian rapper Drake's 2011 album of the same name.", "Take Care (song) __knowledge__ The song features guest vocals from Barbadian singer Rihanna.", "Take Care (song) __knowledge__ The song samples Jamie xx's remix of Gil Scott-Heron's version of \"I'll Take Care of You\".", "Take Care (song) __knowledge__ \"Take Care\" was released as the fifth single from the album on February 21, 2012.", "Take Care (song) __knowledge__ It is a club song about a couple in a relationship acknowledging they have been hurt in their past, but will look after one another.", "Take Care (song) __knowledge__ \"Take Care\" peaked at number seven on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, while also reaching the top ten in Australia, Denmark, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom.", "List of The Tribe characters __knowledge__ This article contains detailed descriptions of characters of the teen sci-fi TV show \"The Tribe\".", "List of The Tribe characters __knowledge__ Like many other soaps the series had a large number of characters that increased as the series progressed.", "List of The Tribe characters __knowledge__ Most of the main characters were members of the Mall Rats at one point or another.", "List of The Tribe characters __knowledge__ Alice, played by Vanessa Stacey, is a member of the Mall Rats on the television series \"The Tribe\".", "List of The Tribe characters __knowledge__ She originally was the leader of the Farm Girls.", "List of The Tribe characters __knowledge__ She appears in episodes 132, 203 - 352, 547 - 548, 551.", "List of The Tribe characters __knowledge__ Alice is fun loving and can be rowdy, but deep down she is kind and sensitive and has wisdom.", "List of The Tribe characters __knowledge__ She is angry at injustice and has a hot temper.", "Lika Mutal __knowledge__ Lika Mutal (12 September 1939 – 7 November 2016) was a Peruvian sculptor whose career began in 1971.", "Lika Mutal __knowledge__ Mutal is well known for her hand carved stonework, which focuses on the interconnectedness of the human and non-human world.", "Lika Mutal __knowledge__ The idea of duality is an omnipresent theme in Mutal’s life, as she is of European heritage, but she lives part-time in the ancient landscape of Lima, Peru and part-time in the modern architecture of New York City.", "Lika Mutal __knowledge__ Duality manifests in her work as she juxtaposes rough, jagged edges with smooth, polished surfaces, as well as with the physical structure of the work, has each of the pieces typically as some element that links two independent pieces.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Downton Abbey, a British period drama television series created by Julian Fellowes and co-produced by Carnival Films and Masterpiece for ITV and PBS, respectively.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Robert Crawley, The 7th Earl of Grantham (also known as Lord Grantham) (played by Hugh Bonneville) was born in 1866 at Downton Abbey.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ His parents are the late 6th Earl of Grantham and the Dowager Countess of Grantham, Violet Crawley.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ He has a sister named Rosamund.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Despite the family's financial situation, Robert's education was privileged and he was tutored from ages 7 to 13, before attending Eton and then Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied philosophy.", "Vayeira __knowledge__ Vayeira, Vayera, or ( — Hebrew for \"and He appeared,\" the first word in the parashah) is the fourth weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading.", "Vayeira __knowledge__ It constitutes .", "Vayeira __knowledge__ The parashah tells the stories of Abraham's three visitors and Abraham's bargaining with God over Sodom and Gomorrah, Lot's two visitors and Lot's bargaining with the Sodomites, the flight of Lot and the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, how Lot's daughters became pregnant by their father, how Abraham once again passed off his wife Sarah as his sister, the birth of Isaac, the expulsion of Hagar, disputes over wells, and the binding of Isaac (, the \"Akedah\").", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that appear in \"\".", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The characters are listed in alphabetical order.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ Most characters are seen in their classic appearance (Catwoman, Green Arrow), while others (Blue Beetle) have their current costume.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ Some have even been re-imagined for the show (the Outsiders).", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The characters are described below using in-universe tone.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ 'Mazing Man is a short man who dresses up as a superhero.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ In the \"Kitty Catastrophe\" segment of \"Four Star Spectacular\", he is the accident-prone catsitter for a couple named Owen and Fiona.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ It is apparent that Batman is his favorite superhero and the inspiration for his costume.", "Sexuality in ancient Rome __knowledge__ Sexuality in ancient Rome, and more broadly, \"sexual attitudes and behaviors in ancient Rome,\" are indicated by Roman art, literature and inscriptions, and to a lesser extent by archaeological remains such as erotic artifacts and architecture.", "Sexuality in ancient Rome __knowledge__ It has sometimes been assumed that \"unlimited sexual license\" was characteristic of ancient Rome; Verstraete and Provençal express the opinion that this perspective was simply a Christian interpretation: \"The sexuality of the Romans has never had good press in the West ever since the rise of Christianity.", "Sexuality in ancient Rome __knowledge__ In the popular imagination and culture, it is synonymous with sexual license and abuse.\"" ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3, 7 ]

[ "I have a housewife, A housewife is a woman whose occupation is running or managing her family's home. So just like yours probably.", "She like knitting at home and cooking. We are about to have a kid so I guess she will then be a \"stay-at-home mother\".", "I like spaghetti so we have that a lot. She also makes some mean breakfast. Webster says a married woman who is in charge of her household. But I think it is more a mutal thing.", "Well Housewives work many unpaid hours a week So the husband really has to make some money for it to work at home." ]

[ "Housewife", "Housewife", "Housewife", "Housewife" ]

[ "Pie", "I do love pies but am not a baker so not sure what all goes in to making one. Would you happen to have any tips?", "I can see that. Are there different types of crust for different pies?", "Well, I was asking because I thought I had heard before that there were different types of crust that could be used. Such as graham cracker crust, etc. Is that correct?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pie __knowledge__ A pie is a baked dish which is usually made of a pastry dough casing that covers or completely contains a filling of various sweet or savoury ingredients.", "Pie __knowledge__ Pies are defined by their crusts.", "Pie __knowledge__ A \"filled\" pie (also \"single-crust\" or \"bottom-crust\"), has pastry lining the baking dish, and the filling is placed on top of the pastry but left open.", "Pie __knowledge__ A \"top-crust\" pie has the filling in the bottom of the dish and is covered with a pastry or other covering before baking.", "Pie __knowledge__ A \"two-crust\" pie has the filling completely enclosed in the pastry shell.", "Pie __knowledge__ Shortcrust pastry is a typical kind of pastry used for pie crusts, but many things can be used, including baking powder biscuits, mashed potatoes, and crumbs.", "Pie __knowledge__ Pies can be a variety of sizes, ranging from bite-size to ones designed for multiple servings.", "Pie __knowledge__ The need for nutritious, easy-to-store, easy-to-carry, and long-lasting foods on long journeys, in particular at sea, was initially solved by taking live food along with a butcher or cook.", "Pie __knowledge__ However, this took up additional space on what were either horse-powered treks or small ships, reducing the time of travel before additional food was required.", "Pie __knowledge__ This resulted in early armies adopting the style of hunter-foraging." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pie __knowledge__ A pie is a baked dish which is usually made of a pastry dough casing that covers or completely contains a filling of various sweet or savoury ingredients.", "Pie __knowledge__ Pies are defined by their crusts.", "Pie __knowledge__ A \"filled\" pie (also \"single-crust\" or \"bottom-crust\"), has pastry lining the baking dish, and the filling is placed on top of the pastry but left open.", "Pie __knowledge__ A \"top-crust\" pie has the filling in the bottom of the dish and is covered with a pastry or other covering before baking.", "Pie __knowledge__ A \"two-crust\" pie has the filling completely enclosed in the pastry shell.", "Pie __knowledge__ Shortcrust pastry is a typical kind of pastry used for pie crusts, but many things can be used, including baking powder biscuits, mashed potatoes, and crumbs.", "Pie __knowledge__ Pies can be a variety of sizes, ranging from bite-size to ones designed for multiple servings.", "Pie __knowledge__ The need for nutritious, easy-to-store, easy-to-carry, and long-lasting foods on long journeys, in particular at sea, was initially solved by taking live food along with a butcher or cook.", "Pie __knowledge__ However, this took up additional space on what were either horse-powered treks or small ships, reducing the time of travel before additional food was required.", "Pie __knowledge__ This resulted in early armies adopting the style of hunter-foraging.", "List of Monk characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters of \"Monk\", an American comedy-drama detective mystery television series, created by Andy Breckman and starring Tony Shalhoub as the titular character, Adrian Monk.", "List of Monk characters __knowledge__ Except for two changes, the principal cast of the series remained consistent.", "List of Monk characters __knowledge__ For the first three seasons Sharona Fleming was Monk's assistant.", "List of Monk characters __knowledge__ She left to remarry her ex-husband in the middle of season three.", "List of Monk characters __knowledge__ She was replaced by Natalie Teeger, in the episode \"Mr. Monk and the Red Herring\", and remained Monk's assistant for the remainder of the series.", "List of Monk characters __knowledge__ Stanley Kamel, who portrayed Monk's therapist, Dr. Charles Kroger, died of a heart attack in April 2008, during the production hiatus in between seasons six and seven.", "Shakira __knowledge__ Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll (; ; born 2 February 1977) is a Colombian singer and songwriter.", "Shakira __knowledge__ Born and raised in Barranquilla, she began performing in school, demonstrating Latin American, Arabic, and rock and roll influences and belly dancing abilities.", "Shakira __knowledge__ Shakira's first studio albums, \"Magia\" and \"Peligro\", failed to attain commercial success in the 1990s; however, she rose to prominence in Latin America with her major-label debut, \"Pies Descalzos\" (1996), and her fourth album, \"Dónde Están los Ladrones?\"", "Shakira __knowledge__ (1998).", "Shakira __knowledge__ As of 2001, before releasing her best seller Laundry Service, she has sold over 10 million albums alone in Latin America.", "Meat pie (Australia and New Zealand) __knowledge__ An Australian or New Zealand meat pie is a hand-sized meat pie containing diced or minced meat and gravy, sometimes with onion, mushrooms, or cheese and often consumed as a takeaway food snack.", "Meat pie (Australia and New Zealand) __knowledge__ The meat pie is considered iconic in Australia and New Zealand.", "Meat pie (Australia and New Zealand) __knowledge__ It was described by former New South Wales Premier Bob Carr in 2003 as Australia's \"national dish\".", "Meat pie (Australia and New Zealand) __knowledge__ New Zealanders regard the meat pie as a part of New Zealand cuisine, and it forms part of the New Zealand national identity.", "Meat pie (Australia and New Zealand) __knowledge__ The Victorian pie brand Four'n Twenty produces 50,000 pies per hour and Australians consume an average of 12 meat pies per year.", "List of 30 Rock characters __knowledge__ \"30 Rock\" is an American television comedy series created by Tina Fey, which aired on NBC.", "List of 30 Rock characters __knowledge__ The series takes place behind the scenes of a fictional live sketch comedy series, also airing on NBC; the name \"30 Rock\" refers to the address of the GE Building, where NBC Studios is located (30 Rockefeller Plaza).", "List of 30 Rock characters __knowledge__ The series has an ensemble cast consisting of 14 regular cast members: Tina Fey, Alec Baldwin, Tracy Morgan, Jane Krakowski, Jack McBrayer, Scott Adsit, Judah Friedlander, Katrina Bowden, Keith Powell, Lonny Ross, John Lutz, Kevin Brown, Grizz Chapman, and Maulik Pancholy.", "List of 30 Rock characters __knowledge__ The series features seven characters appearing during the opening credits: There are another seven characters not appearing during the opening credits but also receiving star billing.", "List of Shameless (U.S. TV series) characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the fictional characters appearing in the American comedy-drama television series \"Shameless\", created by Paul Abbott.", "List of Shameless (U.S. TV series) characters __knowledge__ The series was first broadcast on January 9, 2011 on the Showtime network.", "List of Shameless (U.S. TV series) characters __knowledge__ It is based on the UK series of the same name.", "List of Shameless (U.S. TV series) characters __knowledge__ \"Shameless\" is set in Chicago's South Side.", "List of Shameless (U.S. TV series) characters __knowledge__ It tells the story of an alcoholic father, Frank Gallagher and his six children, who strive to take care of each other and create better lives despite Frank's poor influence.", "List of Shameless (U.S. TV series) characters __knowledge__ Abbott grew up in a family in the United Kingdom much like that portrayed in the UK series \"Shameless\".", "List of Shameless (U.S. TV series) characters __knowledge__ Vernon Francis \"Frank\" Gallagher (William H. Macy) is the father of six children.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "List of Neighbours characters (2011) __knowledge__ \"Neighbours\" is an Australian television soap opera that was first broadcast on 18 March 1985.", "List of Neighbours characters (2011) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that first appeared in 2011, by order of first appearance.", "List of Neighbours characters (2011) __knowledge__ All characters were introduced by the shows executive producer Susan Bower.", "List of Neighbours characters (2011) __knowledge__ The 27th season of \"Neighbours\" began airing on 11 January 2011.", "List of Neighbours characters (2011) __knowledge__ That same month saw Jack Finsterer join the cast as Garland Cole.", "List of Neighbours characters (2011) __knowledge__ Dieter Brummer made his first appearance as Troy Miller in May and Carolyn Johnstone, a new love interest for Harold Bishop, followed shortly after.", "List of Neighbours characters (2011) __knowledge__ Ivan DeMarco and Superintendent Duncan Hayes began appearing in June.", "List of desserts __knowledge__ A dessert is typically the sweet course that concludes a meal in the culture of many countries, including the western world.", "List of desserts __knowledge__ The course usually consists of sweet foods, but may include other items.", "List of desserts __knowledge__ The word \"dessert\" originated from the French word \"desservir\" \"to clear the table\" and the negative of the Latin word \"servire\".", "List of desserts __knowledge__ There are a wide variety of desserts in western cultures, including cakes, cookies, biscuits, gelatins, pastries, ice creams, pies, puddings, and candies.", "List of desserts __knowledge__ Fruit is also commonly found in dessert courses because of its natural sweetness.", "List of desserts __knowledge__ Many different cultures have their own variations of similar desserts around the world, such as in Russia, where many breakfast foods such as blini, oladyi, and syrniki can be served with honey and jam to make them popular as desserts.", "Pancake __knowledge__ A pancake (or hotcake, griddlecake, or flapjack) is a flat cake, often thin and round, prepared from a starch-based batter that may contain eggs, milk and butter and cooked on a hot surface such as a griddle or frying pan, often frying with oil or butter.", "Pancake __knowledge__ In Britain, pancakes are often unleavened and resemble a crêpe.", "Pancake __knowledge__ In North America, a leavening agent is used (typically baking powder).", "Pancake __knowledge__ American pancakes are similar to Scotch pancakes or drop scones.", "Pancake __knowledge__ Archaeological evidence suggests that pancakes were probably the earliest and most widespread cereal food eaten in prehistoric societies.", "Pancake __knowledge__ The pancake's shape and structure varies worldwide.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Medieval cuisine includes foods, eating habits, and cooking methods of various European cultures during the Middle Ages, which lasted from the fifth to the fifteenth century.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ During this period, diets and cooking changed less than they did in the early modern period that followed, when those changes helped lay the foundations for modern European cuisine.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Cereals remained the most important staple during the early Middle Ages as rice was introduced late, and the potato was only introduced in 1536, with a much later date for widespread consumption.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Barley, oat and rye were eaten by the poor.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Wheat was for the governing classes.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Mince pie __knowledge__ A mince pie is a sweet pie of British origin, filled with a mixture of dried fruits and spices called \"mincemeat\", that is traditionally served during the Christmas season in the English-speaking world.", "Mince pie __knowledge__ Its ingredients are traceable to the 13th century, when returning European crusaders brought with them Middle Eastern recipes containing meats, fruits and spices.", "Mince pie __knowledge__ The early mince pie was known by several names, including \"mutton pie\", \"shrid pie\" and \"Christmas pie\".", "Mince pie __knowledge__ Typically its ingredients were a mixture of minced meat, suet, a range of fruits, and spices such as cinnamon, cloves and nutmeg.", "Mince pie __knowledge__ Served around Christmas, the savoury Christmas pie (as it became known) was associated with supposed Catholic \"idolatry\" and during the English Civil War was frowned on by the Puritan authorities." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pie __knowledge__ A pie is a baked dish which is usually made of a pastry dough casing that covers or completely contains a filling of various sweet or savoury ingredients.", "Pie __knowledge__ Pies are defined by their crusts.", "Pie __knowledge__ A \"filled\" pie (also \"single-crust\" or \"bottom-crust\"), has pastry lining the baking dish, and the filling is placed on top of the pastry but left open.", "Pie __knowledge__ A \"top-crust\" pie has the filling in the bottom of the dish and is covered with a pastry or other covering before baking.", "Pie __knowledge__ A \"two-crust\" pie has the filling completely enclosed in the pastry shell.", "Pie __knowledge__ Shortcrust pastry is a typical kind of pastry used for pie crusts, but many things can be used, including baking powder biscuits, mashed potatoes, and crumbs.", "Pie __knowledge__ Pies can be a variety of sizes, ranging from bite-size to ones designed for multiple servings.", "Pie __knowledge__ The need for nutritious, easy-to-store, easy-to-carry, and long-lasting foods on long journeys, in particular at sea, was initially solved by taking live food along with a butcher or cook.", "Pie __knowledge__ However, this took up additional space on what were either horse-powered treks or small ships, reducing the time of travel before additional food was required.", "Pie __knowledge__ This resulted in early armies adopting the style of hunter-foraging.", "Plate tectonics __knowledge__ Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin \"tectonicus\", from the \"pertaining to building\") is a scientific theory describing the large-scale motion of seven large plates and the movements of a larger number of smaller plates of the Earth's lithosphere, since tectonic processes began on Earth between 3 and 3.5 billion years ago.", "Plate tectonics __knowledge__ The model builds on the concept of continental drift, an idea developed during the first decades of the 20th century.", "Plate tectonics __knowledge__ The geoscientific community accepted plate-tectonic theory after seafloor spreading was validated in the late 1950s and early 1960s.", "Plate tectonics __knowledge__ The lithosphere, which is the rigid outermost shell of a planet (the crust and upper mantle), is broken into tectonic plates.", "Apple pie __knowledge__ An apple pie is a pie or a tart, in which the principal filling ingredient is apple.", "Apple pie __knowledge__ It is, on occasion, served with whipped cream or ice cream on top, or alongside cheddar cheese.", "Apple pie __knowledge__ The pastry is generally used top-and-bottom, making it a double-crust pie; the upper crust may be a circular or a pastry lattice woven of crosswise strips.", "Apple pie __knowledge__ Depending on the baker's preference, the bottom of the double-crust may be baked first (before baking the whole pie) to prevent the bottom from getting soggy.", "Apple pie __knowledge__ Exceptions are deep-dish apple pie, with a top crust only, and open-face Tarte Tatin.", "Apple pie __knowledge__ The apple pie is one of the United State's signature comfort foods.", "Meat pie __knowledge__ A meat pie is a pie with a filling of meat and often other savory ingredients.", "Meat pie __knowledge__ They are popular in the United Kingdom, Australia, Ghana, Nigeria, Europe, New Zealand, Canada, Zimbabwe and South Africa.", "Meat pie __knowledge__ The beginnings of the meat pie can be traced back to the Neolithic Period, around 9500 BC.", "Meat pie __knowledge__ The ancient Egyptians' diet featured basic pies made from oat, wheat, rye, and barley, and filled with honey and baked over hot coals.", "Meat pie __knowledge__ These pies were eventually adopted by the Greeks, and it is there that a flour-water paste substance closely resembling pie pastry was created and was first filled with meat.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Crust (geology) __knowledge__ In geology, the crust is the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet, dwarf planet, or natural satellite.", "Crust (geology) __knowledge__ It is usually distinguished from the underlying mantle by its chemical makeup; however, in the case of icy satellites, it may be distinguished based on its phase (solid crust vs. liquid mantle).", "Crust (geology) __knowledge__ The crusts of Earth, Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Io, and other planetary bodies formed via igneous processes, and were later modified by erosion, impact cratering, volcanism, and sedimentation.", "Crust (geology) __knowledge__ Most terrestrial planets have fairly uniform crusts.", "Crust (geology) __knowledge__ Earth, however, has two distinct types: continental crust and oceanic crust.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The history of pizza begins in antiquity, when various ancient cultures produced flatbreads with toppings.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flat bread known to the Romans as \"panis focacius\", to which toppings were then added.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza developed in Naples, when tomato was added to the focaccia in the late 18th century.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The word \"pizza\" was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Pizza was mainly eaten in the country of Italy and by emigrants from there.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ This changed after World War II, when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods.", "Biological soil crust __knowledge__ Biological soil crusts are communities of living organisms on the soil surface in arid and semi-arid ecosystems.", "Biological soil crust __knowledge__ They are found throughout the world with varying species composition and cover depending on topography, soil characteristics, climate, plant community, microhabitats, and disturbance regimes.", "Biological soil crust __knowledge__ Biological soil crusts perform important ecological roles including carbon fixation, nitrogen fixation, soil stabilization, alter soil albedo and water relations, and affect germination and nutrient levels in vascular plants.", "Biological soil crust __knowledge__ They can be damaged by fire, recreational activity, grazing, and other disturbance and can require long time periods to recover composition and function.", "Custard pie __knowledge__ A custard pie is any type of uncooked custard mixture added to an uncooked or partially cooked crust and baked together.", "Custard pie __knowledge__ In North America, custard pie commonly refers to a plain mixture of milk, eggs, sugar, salt, vanilla extract and sometimes nutmeg combined with a pie crust.", "Custard pie __knowledge__ It is distinctly different from a cream pie, which contains cooked custard poured into a cooled, precooked crust.", "Custard pie __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the comical or political act of pieing is conventionally done with a \"custard pie\".", "Custard pie __knowledge__ Some common custard pies include pumpkin pie, lemon and buttermilk chess pie, and coconut custard.", "Custard pie __knowledge__ True custard is defined as a liquid thickened with eggs.", "Passive margin __knowledge__ A passive margin is the transition between oceanic and continental lithosphere that is not an active plate margin.", "Passive margin __knowledge__ A passive margin forms by sedimentation above an ancient rift, now marked by transitional lithosphere.", "Passive margin __knowledge__ Continental rifting creates new ocean basins.", "Passive margin __knowledge__ Eventually the continental rift forms a mid-ocean ridge and the locus of extension moves away from the continent-ocean boundary.", "Passive margin __knowledge__ The transition between the continental and oceanic lithosphere that was originally created by rifting is known as a passive margin.", "Passive margin __knowledge__ Passive margins are found at every ocean and continent boundary that is not marked by a strike-slip fault or a subduction zone.", "Fungal loop hypothesis __knowledge__ The fungal loop hypothesis suggests that soil fungi in arid ecosystems connect the metabolic activity of plants and biological soil crusts which respond to different soil moisture levels.", "Fungal loop hypothesis __knowledge__ Compiling diverse evidence such as limited accumulation of soil organic matter, high phenol oxidative and proteolytic enzyme potentials due to microbial activity, and symbioses between plants and fungi, the fungal loop hypothesis suggests that carbon and nutrients are cycled in biotic pools rather than leached or effluxed to the atmosphere during and between pulses of precipitation.", "Fungal loop hypothesis __knowledge__ The fungal loop hypothesis is similar in concept to the microbial loop hypotheses in oceans or soil, more specifically for arid ecosystems.", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot () is a town and nagar panchayat in the Ratlam district of Madhya Pradesh, India.", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot is located at .", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot has a population of 40,948.", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot is a tehsil place and a small town; it is a tahsil of Ratlam district and the hometown to Jangalwa Dynasty.", "Alot __knowledge__ It is on the route of the Delhi–Bombay railway track.", "Alot __knowledge__ Through trade routes Jewellers and Businessman established themselves in the town before the 17th century and flourished businesses in ginning and jewellery.", "Alot __knowledge__ A glimpse of the business lifestyle during that era can still be found in the historical town.", "Alot __knowledge__ Alot is a main station for Jain ; many Jain people go there daily for the darshan of Lord Jain Swetamber." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pie __knowledge__ A pie is a baked dish which is usually made of a pastry dough casing that covers or completely contains a filling of various sweet or savoury ingredients.", "Pie __knowledge__ Pies are defined by their crusts.", "Pie __knowledge__ A \"filled\" pie (also \"single-crust\" or \"bottom-crust\"), has pastry lining the baking dish, and the filling is placed on top of the pastry but left open.", "Pie __knowledge__ A \"top-crust\" pie has the filling in the bottom of the dish and is covered with a pastry or other covering before baking.", "Pie __knowledge__ A \"two-crust\" pie has the filling completely enclosed in the pastry shell.", "Pie __knowledge__ Shortcrust pastry is a typical kind of pastry used for pie crusts, but many things can be used, including baking powder biscuits, mashed potatoes, and crumbs.", "Pie __knowledge__ Pies can be a variety of sizes, ranging from bite-size to ones designed for multiple servings.", "Pie __knowledge__ The need for nutritious, easy-to-store, easy-to-carry, and long-lasting foods on long journeys, in particular at sea, was initially solved by taking live food along with a butcher or cook.", "Pie __knowledge__ However, this took up additional space on what were either horse-powered treks or small ships, reducing the time of travel before additional food was required.", "Pie __knowledge__ This resulted in early armies adopting the style of hunter-foraging.", "Graham cracker crust __knowledge__ Graham cracker crust is a style of pie crust made from crushed graham crackers.", "Graham cracker crust __knowledge__ Graham crackers are a sweet American cracker made from unbleached, whole wheat graham flour.", "Graham cracker crust __knowledge__ The crust is usually flavored and stiffened with butter or vegetable oil and sometimes sugar.", "Graham cracker crust __knowledge__ Graham cracker crust is a very common type of crust for cheesecakes and cream pies in America.", "Graham cracker crust __knowledge__ Variations use crushed cookies or Nilla wafers as substitutes for the graham crackers.", "Graham cracker crust __knowledge__ The invention of the graham cracker crust is credited to Monroe Boston Strause, who was known as the Pie King and also invented the chiffon pie.", "Black bottom pie __knowledge__ Black bottom pie is a type of pie that features a layer of chocolate pastry cream or pudding, the \"black bottom,\" topped with whipped cream or meringue.", "Black bottom pie __knowledge__ The single crust is pre-baked and of variable composition, but a graham cracker crust is common.", "Black bottom pie __knowledge__ Black bottom pie is thought by some to be of Southern origin, the \"black bottom\" representing the dark, swampy lowlands along the Mississippi River; other sources have identified an origin in Louisiana or Oklahoma City in the early 1940s.", "Black bottom pie __knowledge__ Its invention has been claimed by Monroe Boston Strause of Los Angeles.", "Black bottom pie __knowledge__ Strause, who was known as the Pie King, was the inventor of the chiffon pie and the graham cracker crust.", "Plate tectonics __knowledge__ Plate tectonics (from the Late Latin \"tectonicus\", from the \"pertaining to building\") is a scientific theory describing the large-scale motion of seven large plates and the movements of a larger number of smaller plates of the Earth's lithosphere, since tectonic processes began on Earth between 3 and 3.5 billion years ago.", "Plate tectonics __knowledge__ The model builds on the concept of continental drift, an idea developed during the first decades of the 20th century.", "Plate tectonics __knowledge__ The geoscientific community accepted plate-tectonic theory after seafloor spreading was validated in the late 1950s and early 1960s.", "Plate tectonics __knowledge__ The lithosphere, which is the rigid outermost shell of a planet (the crust and upper mantle), is broken into tectonic plates.", "S'more __knowledge__ A s'more is a traditional nighttime campfire treat popular in the United States and Canada, consisting of a fire-roasted marshmallow and a layer of chocolate sandwiched between two pieces of graham cracker.", "S'more __knowledge__ National S'mores Day is celebrated annually on August 10.", "S'more __knowledge__ The Guinness World Record for number of people making s'mores at one time was 423, set April 21, 2016, in Huntington Beach, California.", "S'more __knowledge__ \"S'more\" is a contraction of the phrase \"some more\".", "S'more __knowledge__ One early published recipe for a s'more is found in a book of recipes published by the Campfire Smores company in the 1920s where it was called a \"Graham Cracker Sandwich\".", "Crust (geology) __knowledge__ In geology, the crust is the outermost solid shell of a rocky planet, dwarf planet, or natural satellite.", "Crust (geology) __knowledge__ It is usually distinguished from the underlying mantle by its chemical makeup; however, in the case of icy satellites, it may be distinguished based on its phase (solid crust vs. liquid mantle).", "Crust (geology) __knowledge__ The crusts of Earth, Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Io, and other planetary bodies formed via igneous processes, and were later modified by erosion, impact cratering, volcanism, and sedimentation.", "Crust (geology) __knowledge__ Most terrestrial planets have fairly uniform crusts.", "Crust (geology) __knowledge__ Earth, however, has two distinct types: continental crust and oceanic crust.", "Strawberry Delight __knowledge__ Strawberry Delight is a dessert salad found in the United States, especially in the South and more rural areas of Minnesota.", "Strawberry Delight __knowledge__ Strawberry Delight is made from milk, whipped topping, cream cheese, strawberries and strawberry gelatin over a graham cracker crust.", "Strawberry Delight __knowledge__ Variations include ingredients such as ice cream, canned fruit (mandarin oranges and pineapple can be used), marshmallows, lemon juice, and walnuts.", "Strawberry Delight __knowledge__ The crust ingredients are mixed and pressed in a pan with the creamy ingredients mixed and added on top.", "Strawberry Delight __knowledge__ Boiling water is added to the strawberry gelatin mix, strawberries are added to it, and then that mixture is poured over the creamy mixture in the pan, all of which is then refrigerated to set.", "Graham cracker __knowledge__ The graham cracker is a type of cracker confectionery.", "Graham cracker __knowledge__ It is eaten alone.", "Graham cracker __knowledge__ The graham cracker was inspired by the preaching of Sylvester Graham, who was a part of and strongly influenced by the 19th century temperance movement; Graham believed that a vegetarian diet anchored by home-made whole grain bread, made from wheat coarsely ground at home, as part of a lifestyle that involved minimizing pleasure and stimulation of all kinds, was how God intended people to live and that following this natural law would keep people healthy.", "Graham cracker __knowledge__ His preaching was taken up widely in the US in the midst of the 1829–51 cholera pandemic His followers, Grahamites, formed one of the first vegetarian movements in the US, and graham flour, graham crackers, and graham bread were created for them and marketed to them; Graham did not invent these products nor profit from them.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ is the longest-running noontime variety show in the Philippines.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The show has featured hundreds of segments and competitions since its debut on July 30, 1979.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The following is an incomplete list of the segments of \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ throughout its thirty-eight year run on television.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The segments are organized alphabetically by title.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ It is a special segment that has a similar concept with \"I Object, Your Honor\" and \"I Object, #NasaanAngHustisya?", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ \", that tests the cleverness and originality of the \"Eat Bulaga!\"", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ hosts.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ The hosts are divided into two teams.", "List of Eat Bulaga! segments __knowledge__ In each round, both teams are given one specific object.", "Cryptic crossword __knowledge__ A cryptic crossword is a crossword puzzle in which each clue is a word puzzle in and of itself.", "Cryptic crossword __knowledge__ Cryptic crosswords are particularly popular in the United Kingdom, where they originated, Ireland, Israel, the Netherlands, and in several Commonwealth nations, including Australia, Canada, India, Kenya, Malta, New Zealand, and South Africa.", "Cryptic crossword __knowledge__ In the United States, cryptics are sometimes known as \"British-style\" crosswords.", "Cryptic crossword __knowledge__ Compilers of cryptic crosswords are commonly called \"setters\" in the UK.", "Cryptic crossword __knowledge__ Cryptic crossword puzzles come in two main types: the basic cryptic in which each clue answer is entered into the diagram normally, and \"themed\" or \"variety\" cryptics, in which some or all of the answers must be altered before entering, usually in accordance with a hidden pattern or rule which must be discovered by the solver.", "Crossword __knowledge__ A crossword is a word puzzle that usually takes the form of a square or a rectangular grid of white-and black-shaded squares.", "Crossword __knowledge__ The game's goal is to fill the white squares with letters, forming words or phrases, by solving clues, which lead to the answers.", "Crossword __knowledge__ In languages that are written left-to-right, the answer words and phrases are placed in the grid from left to right and from top to bottom.", "Crossword __knowledge__ The shaded squares are used to separate the words or phrases.", "Crossword __knowledge__ Crossword grids such as those appearing in most North American newspapers and magazines feature solid areas of white squares.", "Crossword __knowledge__ Every letter is checked (i.e.", "William Matthew Scott __knowledge__ William Matthew Scott (born Leeds 30 September 1893; d. Herne Bay 7 May 1964), pen name Will Scott, was a British author of stories and books for adults and children, published from 1920 to 1965.", "William Matthew Scott __knowledge__ Towards the end of his life he was best known for \"The Cherrys\" series, written for children and published between 1952 and 1965.", "William Matthew Scott __knowledge__ However, in earlier years he was known for his detective novels, his stage plays which were made into films, notably \"The Limping Man\" in 1931 and 1936, and for the 2,000 short stories that he contributed to magazines and newspapers; believed to be a record for the United Kingdom during his lifetime.", "Mille-feuille __knowledge__ The mille-feuille (, \"thousand-leaf\"), vanilla slice or custard slice, also known as the Napoleon, is a French pastry whose exact origin is unknown.", "Mille-feuille __knowledge__ Its modern form was influenced by improvements made by Marie-Antoine Carême.", "Mille-feuille __knowledge__ Traditionally, a mille-feuille is made up of three layers of puff pastry (\"pâte feuilletée\"), alternating with two layers of pastry cream (\"crème pâtissière\"), but sometimes whipped cream or jam are substituted, when substituted with jam this is then called a Bavarian slice.", "Mille-feuille __knowledge__ The top pastry layer is dusted with confectioner's sugar, and sometimes cocoa, pastry crumbs, or pulverized seeds (e.g.", "The Amazing Race 23 __knowledge__ The Amazing Race 23 is the twenty-third installment of the reality television show \"The Amazing Race\".", "The Amazing Race 23 __knowledge__ It featured eleven teams of two people, each with a pre-existing relationship, in a race around the world for a grand prize.", "The Amazing Race 23 __knowledge__ The season premiered on September 29, 2013, at 8 p.m. ET/PT on CBS, with the two-hour season finale airing on December 8, 2013.", "The Amazing Race 23 __knowledge__ Dating couple Jason Case and Amy Diaz were the winners of this season of The Amazing Race.", "The Amazing Race 23 __knowledge__ The season was renewed on March 27, 2013 for the 2013–14 TV season.", "The Amazing Race 23 __knowledge__ A revised opening credits sequence and on screen clue information graphics were developed for this season with an updated map using 3D blue marble layout." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3, 5 ]

[ "I love pies because of they contains a filling of various sweet or savoury ingredients.", "Yes, the crust matters alot. This is because Pies are defined by their crusts", "Before i answer you, let me give you a big clue, the filling is placed on top of the pastry but left open ", "I'm not too sure but i know there is a top crust and a two crust pie filling completely enclosed in the pastry shell." ]

[ "Pie", "Pie", "Pie", "Pie" ]

[ "Computer engineering", "I did not know that either. My brother is a computer engineer and enjoys it.", "That is great and innovative too!", "Wow! I like progressive smart toys for kids. That is awesome. " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Computer engineering __knowledge__ Computer engineering is a discipline that integrates several fields of electrical engineering and computer science required to develop computer hardware and software.", "Computer engineering __knowledge__ Computer engineers usually have training in electronic engineering (or electrical engineering), software design, and hardware–software integration instead of only software engineering or electronic engineering.", "Computer engineering __knowledge__ Computer engineers are involved in many hardware and software aspects of computing, from the design of individual microcontrollers, microprocessors, personal computers, and supercomputers, to circuit design.", "Computer engineering __knowledge__ This field of engineering not only focuses on how computer systems themselves work, but also how they integrate into the larger picture.", "Computer engineering __knowledge__ Usual tasks involving computer engineers include writing software and firmware for embedded microcontrollers, designing VLSI chips, designing analog sensors, designing mixed signal circuit boards, and designing operating systems.", "Computer engineering __knowledge__ Computer engineers are also suited for robotics research, which relies heavily on using digital systems to control and monitor electrical systems like motors, communications, and sensors.", "Computer engineering __knowledge__ In many institutions, computer engineering students are allowed to choose areas of in-depth study in their junior and senior year, because the full breadth of knowledge used in the design and application of computers is beyond the scope of an undergraduate degree." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Computer engineering __knowledge__ Computer engineering is a discipline that integrates several fields of electrical engineering and computer science required to develop computer hardware and software.", "Computer engineering __knowledge__ Computer engineers usually have training in electronic engineering (or electrical engineering), software design, and hardware–software integration instead of only software engineering or electronic engineering.", "Computer engineering __knowledge__ Computer engineers are involved in many hardware and software aspects of computing, from the design of individual microcontrollers, microprocessors, personal computers, and supercomputers, to circuit design.", "Computer engineering __knowledge__ This field of engineering not only focuses on how computer systems themselves work, but also how they integrate into the larger picture.", "Computer engineering __knowledge__ Usual tasks involving computer engineers include writing software and firmware for embedded microcontrollers, designing VLSI chips, designing analog sensors, designing mixed signal circuit boards, and designing operating systems.", "Computer engineering __knowledge__ Computer engineers are also suited for robotics research, which relies heavily on using digital systems to control and monitor electrical systems like motors, communications, and sensors.", "Computer engineering __knowledge__ In many institutions, computer engineering students are allowed to choose areas of in-depth study in their junior and senior year, because the full breadth of knowledge used in the design and application of computers is beyond the scope of an undergraduate degree.", "Computer Engineer Barbie __knowledge__ Computer Engineer Barbie is the 126th career version of Mattel's Barbie doll.", "Computer Engineer Barbie __knowledge__ In response to poll results indicating strong support for computer engineers, the doll set was created and introduced in 2010.", "Computer Engineer Barbie __knowledge__ In 2014 Mattel apologized for the accompanying book, I Can Be a Computer Engineer, after internet complaints that it represented Barbie as incompetent in the field, needing the help of men.", "Computer Engineer Barbie __knowledge__ The doll has a pink laptop and a pink smartphone, and is wearing geometric pink glasses, a pink watch, black leggings, a T-shirt decorated with \"Barbie\" spelled in binary code, a fitted vest with saddle-stitch detailing, pink wedges, and a Bluetooth headset.", "List of Puerto Ricans in the United States Space Program __knowledge__ This is a list of notable Puerto Rican scientists involved in the United States Space Program, also known as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and their contributions to said program.", "List of Puerto Ricans in the United States Space Program __knowledge__ This list is not limited to Puerto Ricans born in Puerto Rico, it also includes people of Puerto Rican descent born elsewhere.", "List of Puerto Ricans in the United States Space Program __knowledge__ According to an article written by Margarita Santori Lopez for the official newspaper of the University of Puerto Rico's Mayagüez Campus, \"Prensa RUM\", as of 2003, of the 114 Hispanics working at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland, 70 were Puerto Ricans or of Puerto Rican descent.", "Payal Rohatgi __knowledge__ Payal Rohatgi (born 9 November 1984) is an Indian actress and reality TV performer who appears in Bollywood films.", "Payal Rohatgi __knowledge__ She was a contestant in the popular controversial reality show \"Bigg Boss\" in 2008.", "Payal Rohatgi __knowledge__ Rohatgi was born in Banjara Hills, Hyderabad, India.", "Payal Rohatgi __knowledge__ She is the daughter of Veena Rohatgi and Shashank Rohatgi.", "Payal Rohatgi __knowledge__ She has a brother named Gaurav Rohatgi.", "Payal Rohatgi __knowledge__ She was brought up in a middle-class family and grew up in Ahmedabad, Gujarat.", "Payal Rohatgi __knowledge__ She completed her schooling from Udgam School, Ahmedabad.", "Payal Rohatgi __knowledge__ She stood 7th in her 12th standard exams in entire Gujarat state.", "Payal Rohatgi __knowledge__ Being academically very strong she choose to take up engineering in her college.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Software engineer __knowledge__ A software engineer is a person who applies the principles of software engineering to the design, development, maintenance, testing, and evaluation of the software that make computers or other devices containing software work.", "Software engineer __knowledge__ Prior to the mid-1970s, software practitioners called themselves \"computer programmers\" or \"software developers,\" regardless of their actual jobs.", "Software engineer __knowledge__ Many people prefer to call themselves \"software developer\" and \"programmer\", because most widely agree what these terms mean, while \"software engineer\" is still being debated.", "Software engineer __knowledge__ Half of all practitioners today have degrees in computer science, information systems, or information technology.", "Engineering __knowledge__ Engineering is the application of scientific knowledge and mathematical methods to practical purposes of the design, construction or operation of structures, machines, or systems.", "Engineering __knowledge__ See glossary of engineering.", "Engineering __knowledge__ The discipline of engineering encompasses a range of more specialized fields of engineering, each with a more specific emphasis on particular areas of applied mathematics, applied science, and types of application.", "Engineering __knowledge__ The term \"engineering\" is derived from the Latin \"ingenium\", meaning \"cleverness\" and \"ingeniare\", meaning \"to contrive, devise\".", "Engineering __knowledge__ The American Engineers' Council for Professional Development (ECPD, the predecessor of ABET) has defined \"engineering\" as: The creative application of scientific principles to design or develop structures, machines, apparatus, or manufacturing processes, or works utilizing them singly or in combination; or to construct or operate the same with full cognizance of their design; or to forecast their behavior under specific operating conditions; all as respects an intended function, economics of operation and safety to life and property.", "John M. Hollerbach __knowledge__ John Matthew Hollerbach is a professor of computer science and research professor of mechanical engineering at the University of Utah.", "John M. Hollerbach __knowledge__ He is the editor of \"The International Journal of Robotics Research\", a Senior Editor of \"\", and a Governing Board member of the electronic journal \"Haptics-e\".", "John M. Hollerbach __knowledge__ Hollerbach was born in Marktheidenfeld, Germany to Hungarian refugees who met and married in a displacement camp.", "John M. Hollerbach __knowledge__ He and his family lived in a priest's attic in Germany for five years before emigrating to Detroit as refugees.", "John M. Hollerbach __knowledge__ He received his BS in chemistry in 1968 from the University of Michigan but was interested in the growing computer industry and spent an extra year taking computer science courses to receive an MS in mathematics.", "Robot __knowledge__ A robot is a machine—especially one programmable by a computer— capable of carrying out a complex series of actions automatically.", "Robot __knowledge__ Robots can be guided by an external control device or the control may be embedded within.", "Robot __knowledge__ Robots may be constructed to take on human form but most robots are machines designed to perform a task with no regard to how they look.", "Robot __knowledge__ Robots can be autonomous or semi-autonomous and range from humanoids such as Honda's \"Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility\" (ASIMO) and TOSY's \"TOSY Ping Pong Playing Robot\" (TOPIO) to industrial robots, medical operating robots, patient assist robots, dog therapy robots, collectively programmed \"swarm\" robots, UAV drones such as General Atomics MQ-1 Predator, and even microscopic nano robots.", "Clearpath Robotics __knowledge__ Clearpath Robotics, Inc. (also known as Clearpath) was founded in 2009 by a group of four University of Waterloo graduates, and remains headquartered in Waterloo Region, Canada.", "Clearpath Robotics __knowledge__ The original goal of Clearpath was to streamline field robotics research for universities and private corporations, but the company has since expanded and is now also manufacturing and selling the OTTO line of self-driving vehicles for industrial environments.", "Clearpath Robotics __knowledge__ Clearpath Robotics was founded in 2009 based on a growing demand for environmental monitoring and robotics research equipment.", "Clearpath Robotics __knowledge__ Unlike other robotics startups, they only raised a small amount of angel investment upon founding, and sought to achieve profitability before raising more.", "Robotics Institute __knowledge__ The Robotics Institute (RI) is a division of the School of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.", "Robotics Institute __knowledge__ A June 2014 article in \"Robotics Business Review\" magazine calls it \"the world's best robotics research facility\" and a \"pacesetter in robotics research and education.\"", "Robotics Institute __knowledge__ The Robotics Institute focuses on bringing robotics into everyday activities.", "Robotics Institute __knowledge__ Its faculty members and graduate students examine a variety of fields, including space robotics, medical robotics, industrial systems, computer vision and artificial intelligence, and they develop a broad array of robotics systems and capabilities.", "Industrial robot __knowledge__ An industrial robot is a robot system used for manufacturing.", "Industrial robot __knowledge__ Industrial robots are automated, programmable and capable of movement on two or more axes.", "Industrial robot __knowledge__ Typical applications of robots include welding, painting, assembly, pick and place for printed circuit boards, packaging and labeling, palletizing, product inspection, and testing; all accomplished with high endurance, speed, and precision.", "Industrial robot __knowledge__ They can help in material handling and provide interfaces.", "Industrial robot __knowledge__ In the year 2015, an estimated 1.63 million industrial robots were in operation worldwide according to International Federation of Robotics (IFR).", "Industrial robot __knowledge__ The most commonly used robot configurations are articulated robots, SCARA robots, delta robots and cartesian coordinate robots, (gantry robots or x-y-z robots).", "List of European Union robotics projects __knowledge__ This is a list of robotics projects in the European Union (EU), or sponsored by them.", "List of European Union robotics projects __knowledge__ It includes recent and past projects sponsored under the European Commission frameworks.", "List of European Union robotics projects __knowledge__ The European Robotics Coordination Action (euRobotics) was a project funded by the European Commission (EC) within the 7th Framework Programme that started on 1 January 2010 and ended on 31 December 2012.", "List of European Union robotics projects __knowledge__ The project was designed to implement \"improvements of cooperation between industry and academia\" and the \"Promotion of European robotics\" by applying concepts under Challenge 2 of the framework: Cognitive Systems, Interaction, Robotics (FP7-ICT-244852)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Computer engineering __knowledge__ Computer engineering is a discipline that integrates several fields of electrical engineering and computer science required to develop computer hardware and software.", "Computer engineering __knowledge__ Computer engineers usually have training in electronic engineering (or electrical engineering), software design, and hardware–software integration instead of only software engineering or electronic engineering.", "Computer engineering __knowledge__ Computer engineers are involved in many hardware and software aspects of computing, from the design of individual microcontrollers, microprocessors, personal computers, and supercomputers, to circuit design.", "Computer engineering __knowledge__ This field of engineering not only focuses on how computer systems themselves work, but also how they integrate into the larger picture.", "Computer engineering __knowledge__ Usual tasks involving computer engineers include writing software and firmware for embedded microcontrollers, designing VLSI chips, designing analog sensors, designing mixed signal circuit boards, and designing operating systems.", "Computer engineering __knowledge__ Computer engineers are also suited for robotics research, which relies heavily on using digital systems to control and monitor electrical systems like motors, communications, and sensors.", "Computer engineering __knowledge__ In many institutions, computer engineering students are allowed to choose areas of in-depth study in their junior and senior year, because the full breadth of knowledge used in the design and application of computers is beyond the scope of an undergraduate degree.", "Innovative financing __knowledge__ Innovative financing refers to a range of non-traditional mechanisms to raise additional funds for development aid through \"innovative\" projects such as micro-contributions, taxes, public-private partnerships and market-based financial transactions.", "Innovative financing __knowledge__ As of the beginning of 2010, most of the existing innovative financing mechanisms were allocated for the health care sector in developing countries.", "Innovative financing __knowledge__ Innovative financing mechanisms have already raised US$2 billion over the past 3 years.", "Innovative financing __knowledge__ The concept \"innovative financing for development\" was first mentioned and introduced at the International Conference on Financing for Development in 2002.", "Innovation leadership __knowledge__ Innovation leadership is a philosophy and technique that combines different leadership styles to influence employees to produce creative ideas, products, and services.", "Innovation leadership __knowledge__ The key role in the practice of innovation leadership is the innovation leader.", "Innovation leadership __knowledge__ Dr. David Gliddon (2006) developed the competency model of innovation leaders and established the concept of innovation leadership at Penn State University.", "Innovation leadership __knowledge__ As an approach to organization development, innovation leadership can support achievement of the mission or the vision of an organization or group.", "Innovation leadership __knowledge__ With new technologies and processes, it is necessary for organizations to think innovatively to ensure continued success and stay competitive.", "William Lazonick __knowledge__ William Lazonick (born in Toronto, Canada, on June 8, 1945) is an economist who studies innovation and competition in the global economy.", "William Lazonick __knowledge__ His research seeks to understand how, on the basis of innovative enterprise, a national economy can achieve stable and equitable economic growth.", "William Lazonick __knowledge__ Lazonick is the originator of “the theory of innovative enterprise”, which, he argues, provides both an essential intellectual foundation for understanding economic performance and a fundamental critique of the neoclassical theory of the market economy.", "William Lazonick __knowledge__ Much of his current work focuses on how the financialization of the U.S. industrial corporation, manifested in massive distributions of corporate cash to shareholders and the explosion of stock-based executive pay, results in employment instability and income inequity, while undermining the innovative capability of the U.S. economy.", "Information and communication technologies for development __knowledge__ Information and communication technologies for development (ICT4D) refers to the application of information and communication technologies (ICT) toward social, economic, and political development, with a particular emphasis on helping poor and marginalized people and communities.", "Information and communication technologies for development __knowledge__ It aims to help in international development by bridging the digital divide and providing equitable access to technologies.", "Information and communication technologies for development __knowledge__ ICT4D is grounded in the notions of \"development\", \"growth\", \"progress\" and \"globalization\" and is often interpreted as the use of technology to deliver a greater good.", "Information and communication technologies for development __knowledge__ Another similar term used in the literature is \"digital development\".", "Union College, University of Queensland __knowledge__ Union College is a heritage-listed residential college at University of Queensland, 38 Upland Road, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.", "Union College, University of Queensland __knowledge__ It was designed by James Birrell and built from 1964 to 1974.", "Union College, University of Queensland __knowledge__ It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 6 December 2004.", "Union College, University of Queensland __knowledge__ The Union College building at the University of Queensland campus was built in five major stages between 1964 and 1972 to the design of James Birrell, Staff Architect for the University between 1961 and 1966.", "Union College, University of Queensland __knowledge__ Proposals for a Queensland university were first made in the 1870s, but the idea did not have strong public or government support in a new colony where tertiary education was not a funding priority.", "History of Eastern role-playing video games __knowledge__ Eastern role-playing video games are role-playing video games developed in East Asia.", "History of Eastern role-playing video games __knowledge__ Most Eastern role-playing games are Japanese role-playing games (JRPG), developed in Japan.", "History of Eastern role-playing video games __knowledge__ Role-playing games are also developed in South Korea and in China.", "History of Eastern role-playing video games __knowledge__ While the Japanese video game industry has long been viewed as console-centric in the Western world, due to the worldwide success of Japanese consoles beginning with the NES, the country had in fact produced thousands of commercial personal computer games from the late 1970s up until the mid-1990s, in addition to \"dōjin soft\" independent games.", "History of Eastern role-playing video games __knowledge__ The country's computer market was very fragmented at first; \"Lode Runner\", for example, reportedly required 34 conversions to different hardware platforms.", "Spread offense __knowledge__ The spread offense is an offensive scheme in American and Canadian football that is used at every level of the game including professional (NFL, CFL), college (NCAA, NAIA, CIS), and high school programs across the US and Canada.", "Spread offense __knowledge__ Spread offenses typically place the quarterback in the shotgun formation, and \"spread\" the defense horizontally using three-, four-, and even five-receiver sets.", "Spread offense __knowledge__ Many spread offenses also employ a no-huddle approach.", "Spread offense __knowledge__ Some implementations of the spread also feature wide splits between the offensive linemen.", "Spread offense __knowledge__ Many spread offenses use the read option running play to put pressure on both sides of the defense.", "Computer Engineer Barbie __knowledge__ Computer Engineer Barbie is the 126th career version of Mattel's Barbie doll.", "Computer Engineer Barbie __knowledge__ In response to poll results indicating strong support for computer engineers, the doll set was created and introduced in 2010.", "Computer Engineer Barbie __knowledge__ In 2014 Mattel apologized for the accompanying book, I Can Be a Computer Engineer, after internet complaints that it represented Barbie as incompetent in the field, needing the help of men.", "Computer Engineer Barbie __knowledge__ The doll has a pink laptop and a pink smartphone, and is wearing geometric pink glasses, a pink watch, black leggings, a T-shirt decorated with \"Barbie\" spelled in binary code, a fitted vest with saddle-stitch detailing, pink wedges, and a Bluetooth headset.", "Barbie __knowledge__ Barbie is a fashion doll manufactured by the American toy company Mattel, Inc. and launched in March 1959.", "Barbie __knowledge__ American businesswoman Ruth Handler is credited with the creation of the doll using a German doll called Bild Lilli as her inspiration.", "Barbie __knowledge__ Barbie is the figurehead of a brand of Mattel dolls and accessories, including other family members and collectible dolls.", "Barbie __knowledge__ Barbie has been an important part of the toy fashion doll market for over fifty years, and has been the subject of numerous controversies and lawsuits, often involving parodies of the doll and her lifestyle.", "Barbie __knowledge__ Mattel has sold over a billion Barbie dolls, making it the company’s largest and most profitable line.", "Mattel __knowledge__ Mattel, Inc. () is an American multinational toy manufacturing company founded in 1945 with headquarters in El Segundo, California.", "Mattel __knowledge__ The products and brands it produces include Fisher-Price, Barbie, Monster High, Ever After High, Winx Club, Hot Wheels and Matchbox, Masters of the Universe, American Girl, board games, and WWE.", "Mattel __knowledge__ In the early 1980s, Mattel produced video game systems, under its own brands and under license from Nintendo.", "Mattel __knowledge__ The company has presence in 40 countries and territories and sells products in more than 150 countries.", "Mattel __knowledge__ The company operates through three business segments: North America, international, and American Girl.", "Barbie (film series) __knowledge__ There have been several American-Canadian computer animated and motion capture-based direct-to-video films based on and featuring the doll Barbie.", "Barbie (film series) __knowledge__ Since her film debut appearance in the 1987 film \"\", Barbie has been a computer animated virtual actress starring in several feature films and short films.", "Barbie (film series) __knowledge__ Barbie has also appeared as a character in other films including Mattel's \"My Scene\" line as well as the \"Toy Story\" film series.", "Barbie (film series) __knowledge__ Many of the Barbie films are classic stories ranging from fairy tales by the Brothers Grimm and Hans Christian Andersen to \"The Three Musketeers\" and \"The Nutcracker\".", "Barbie (film series) __knowledge__ Some are set in their own fantasy worlds such as with \"\", which are revisited in video sequels.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Disney/Pixar's \"Toy Story\" franchise which consists of the animated films \"Toy Story\" (1995), \"Toy Story 2\" (1999), and \"Toy Story 3\" (2010) and the animated short films.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ Voiced by: Sheriff Woody Pride is a 1950s old traditional pull string cowboy doll, and Andy's favorite toy.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ Appearing in all three \"Toy Story\" films, he usually acts as the leader of the gang.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ His rivalry with Buzz forms the basis of the plot of the first film.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ In \"Toy Story 2\", he is stolen at a yard sale by a toy collector, causing the other toys to embark on a rescue mission.", "List of Toy Story characters __knowledge__ In \"Toy Story 3\" he and the other toys are shipped to a daycare center.", "Mattel Inc v 3894207 Canada Inc __knowledge__ Mattel Inc v 3894207 Canada Inc is a leading decision of the Supreme Court of Canada on the infringement of famous trade-mark names.", "Mattel Inc v 3894207 Canada Inc __knowledge__ The Court found that Mattel Inc. could not enforce the use of their trade-marked name \"BARBIE\" against a restaurant named \"Barbie's\".", "Mattel Inc v 3894207 Canada Inc __knowledge__ Barbie’s restaurant, a Montreal chain of \"bar-and-grill\" type restaurants catering primarily to adults, applied to register the trade-mark “Barbie’s” and an associated design with respect to “restaurant services, take-out services, catering and banquet services.” Mattel Inc. owns the \"Barbie\" trade-mark, and has a worldwide reputation for Barbie dolls and accessories targeted primarily at girls aged 3 to 11 years old.", "My Scene __knowledge__ My Scene was an American series of fashion dolls created by Mattel in 2002.", "My Scene __knowledge__ Mattel's Barbie character is one of the dolls in the My Scene line, and the My Scene dolls have slim bodies similar to earlier Barbie dolls, but with larger heads.", "My Scene __knowledge__ \"The New York Times\" described their features as \"exaggerated lips and bulging, makeup-caked eyes.\"", "My Scene __knowledge__ My Scene were designed to appeal to the tween market and compete with the Bratz dolls from MGA Entertainment.", "My Scene __knowledge__ The series originally consisted of three female characters, but was expanded to eventually include ten different dolls.", "My Scene __knowledge__ The \"My Scene\" series of dolls was first introduced in the fall season of 2002, before the Diva Starz, to compete with the Bratz dolls." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Computer engineering __knowledge__ Computer engineering is a discipline that integrates several fields of electrical engineering and computer science required to develop computer hardware and software.", "Computer engineering __knowledge__ Computer engineers usually have training in electronic engineering (or electrical engineering), software design, and hardware–software integration instead of only software engineering or electronic engineering.", "Computer engineering __knowledge__ Computer engineers are involved in many hardware and software aspects of computing, from the design of individual microcontrollers, microprocessors, personal computers, and supercomputers, to circuit design.", "Computer engineering __knowledge__ This field of engineering not only focuses on how computer systems themselves work, but also how they integrate into the larger picture.", "Computer engineering __knowledge__ Usual tasks involving computer engineers include writing software and firmware for embedded microcontrollers, designing VLSI chips, designing analog sensors, designing mixed signal circuit boards, and designing operating systems.", "Computer engineering __knowledge__ Computer engineers are also suited for robotics research, which relies heavily on using digital systems to control and monitor electrical systems like motors, communications, and sensors.", "Computer engineering __knowledge__ In many institutions, computer engineering students are allowed to choose areas of in-depth study in their junior and senior year, because the full breadth of knowledge used in the design and application of computers is beyond the scope of an undergraduate degree.", "Smart toy __knowledge__ A smart toy is a toy which effectively has its own intelligence by virtue of on-board electronics.", "Smart toy __knowledge__ These enable it to learn, behave according to pattern, and alter its actions depending upon environmental stimuli.", "Smart toy __knowledge__ Typically, it can adjust to the abilities of the player.", "Smart toy __knowledge__ A modern smart toy has electronics consisting of one or more microprocessors or microcontrollers, volatile and/or non-volatile memory, storage devices, and various forms of input–output devices.", "Smart toy __knowledge__ It may be networked together with other smart toys or a personal computer in order to enhance its play value or educational features.", "Smart toy __knowledge__ Generally, the smart toy may be controlled by software which is embedded in firmware or else loaded from an input device such as a USB flash drive, Memory Stick or CD-ROM.", "Stevanne Auerbach __knowledge__ Stevanne Auerbach (born September 22, 1938) also known as Dr. Toy, is an American educator, child development expert, writer and \"toyologist\".", "Stevanne Auerbach __knowledge__ She is best known for being an expert on as well as advocate of toys, play and the toy industry.", "Stevanne Auerbach __knowledge__ After more than thirty years in the field of toys, she was named a \"Wonder Woman of Toys\" by 'Women In Toys' and \"Playthings\" magazine.", "Stevanne Auerbach __knowledge__ She is a frequent guest speaker on toys and play for all ages at industry, professional, parent and public meetings.", "Stevanne Auerbach __knowledge__ She makes several public appearances each year to promote her causes, which include building greater awareness in parents of their essential role as play tutors for their children, the educational and many other benefits of play, and to encourage the enhancement of play value and high standards of quality and safety in toys within the toy industry.", "Care Bears __knowledge__ The Care Bears are a group of multi-colored bear characters.", "Care Bears __knowledge__ The original artwork was painted by artist Claire Russell for American Greetings in 1981 to be used on greeting cards; but the characters were later used for toys, and in TV programs and films.", "Care Bears __knowledge__ The original development was through American Greetings' \"Those Characters From Cleveland\" research and development division, In 1983, Kenner turned the Care Bears into plush teddy bears.", "Care Bears __knowledge__ The Care Bears appeared in TV specials called \"The Care Bears in the Land Without Feelings\" (1983) and \"The Care Bears Battle the Freeze Machine\" (1984).", "Care Bears __knowledge__ They then had a television series from 1985 to 1988, and three feature films: \"The Care Bears Movie\" (1985), \"\" (1986) and \"The Care Bears Adventure in Wonderland\" (1987).", "TOSY __knowledge__ TOSY (TOSY Robotics) is a company from Vietnam that specializes in designing and manufacturing robots and smart toys.", "TOSY __knowledge__ Founded in 2004, TOSY’s products are now available in more than 60 countries worldwide and have been registered for patent, copyright and trademark in all these countries.", "TOSY __knowledge__ Its current commercial products are DiscoRobo, TOOP and AFO.", "TOSY __knowledge__ Technology – Originality – Satisfaction – Yearning Feb: TOPIO 2.0 made an impression at Spielwarenmesse Toy Trade Fair – world’s largest toy trade fair – held at Nuremberg, Germany; also introduced other smart toys like: BallRobo, TyreRobo & AFO.", "TOSY __knowledge__ Sep: Opened its second factory at Cau Giay Industrial Zone.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Connected toys __knowledge__ Connected toys are internet enabled devices with Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or other capabilities build in.", "Connected toys __knowledge__ These toys, which may or may not be smart toys, provide a more personalized experience for children through embedded software that includes speech recognition and web searching functions.", "Connected toys __knowledge__ A connected toy usually collects information about the users either voluntarily or involuntarily, which raises concerns on the topic of privacy.", "Connected toys __knowledge__ The data collected by the connected toys are usually stored in a database, where companies that produce connected toys can use the data for their own purpose.", "Connected toys __knowledge__ Different information can be collected by children's connected toys, including information from both parents and children.", "Aquapet __knowledge__ Aquapets are interactive, electronic toys that were introduced in the US in 2004 by Wild Planet.", "Aquapet __knowledge__ They consist of a transparent, water-filled case housing a thumb-sized figure, and a base with a microchip, microphone, and speaker to register and respond to sounds made by kids or by other Aquapets.", "Aquapet __knowledge__ Each character has its own look, sounds and songs and responds with movement and melody.", "Aquapet __knowledge__ The more a child plays with their Aquapets, the more songs they will perform and the livelier they will become.", "Aquapet __knowledge__ The first three characters of the original Aquapets (Miku, also referred to as Kiko; Puku and Tu) were sold exclusively at Toys R Us stores starting in February 2004.", "Yep Roc Records __knowledge__ Yep Roc Records is an American independent record label based in Hillsborough, North Carolina, and owned by Redeye Distribution.", "Yep Roc Records __knowledge__ Since 1997, the label has released albums from North Carolina and international artists, including Aoife O'Donovan, Chatham County Line, Dave Alvin, Gang of Four, Los Straitjackets, Nick Lowe, Paul Weller, Robyn Hitchcock, Ryan Adams, The Apples in Stereo, The Reverend Horton Heat, Mandolin Orange, and Tift Merritt.", "Yep Roc Records __knowledge__ Tor Hansen started the label in 1997, two years after moving to North Carolina to help manage a chain of record stores in the South.", "Yep Roc Records __knowledge__ In and around the musical hotbed of Chapel Hill, he encountered bands making good music but not really knowing how to get it out.", "Laurence Yep __knowledge__ Laurence Michael Yep (; born June 14, 1948) is a prolific Chinese-American writer, best known for children's books.", "Laurence Yep __knowledge__ In 2005, he received the biennial Laura Ingalls Wilder Medal for his career contribution to American children's literature.", "Laurence Yep __knowledge__ Yep was born in San Francisco to Yep Gim Lew (Thomas) and Franche.", "Laurence Yep __knowledge__ His older brother, Thomas, named him after studying a particular saint in a multicultural neighborhood that consisted of mostly African Americans.", "Laurence Yep __knowledge__ Growing up, he often felt torn between U.S. and Chinese culture, and expressed this in many of his books.", "Laurence Yep __knowledge__ A great deal of his work involves characters feeling alienated or not fitting into their surroundings and environment, something Yep has struggled with since childhood.", "Dragon (fantasy series) __knowledge__ The Dragon series is a tetralogy of fantasy novels by Chinese American author Laurence Yep.", "Dragon (fantasy series) __knowledge__ Yep had already written several books including the Newbery Honor novel \"Dragonwings\" by 1980, when, after undertaking careful research, he decided to adapt Chinese mythology into a fantasy form, something he had always wanted to do since he had sold his first science fiction story at 18.", "Dragon (fantasy series) __knowledge__ He \"tried to stay true to the spirit\" of these myths, but did not try \"to keep their exact details\".", "Dragon (fantasy series) __knowledge__ The \"perfect vehicle\" he chose was a folktale in which the Monkey King captured a river spirit who had flooded an entire city, which he at first tried to conceive in picture book form.", "Where It's At (Yep, Yep) __knowledge__ \"Where It's At (Yep, Yep)\" (also known as \"Where It's At\" in its short title) is a song recorded by American country music artist Dustin Lynch.", "Where It's At (Yep, Yep) __knowledge__ It was released in March 2014 as the first single from his second studio album.", "Where It's At (Yep, Yep) __knowledge__ The album, \"Where It's At\", was released on September 9, 2014.", "Where It's At (Yep, Yep) __knowledge__ The song was written by Cary Barlowe, Zach Crowell and Matt Jenkins.", "Where It's At (Yep, Yep) __knowledge__ The song garnered positive reviews from critics who praised its upbeat instrumentals and Lynch's vocal performance.", "Where It's At (Yep, Yep) __knowledge__ \"Where It's At (Yep Yep)\" was Lynch's first number-one single on the \"Billboard\" Country Airplay chart.", "Where It's At (Yep, Yep) __knowledge__ It also charted at numbers 4 and 42 on both the Hot Country Songs and Hot 100 charts respectively.", "The Mayflies USA __knowledge__ The Mayflies USA are a Chapel Hill, North Carolina-based power pop rock band signed to Yep Roc Records.", "The Mayflies USA __knowledge__ The band is a classic example of power pop, as their songs featured catchy melodies, vocal harmonies, and prominent guitar riffs.", "The Mayflies USA __knowledge__ Their style was influenced by older bands such as The Beatles, Big Star, and also more contemporary groups like Teenage Fanclub and Velvet Crush.", "The Mayflies USA __knowledge__ The band released their debut EP in 1997, and their next three albums were released by Yep Roc.", "The Mayflies USA __knowledge__ North Carolina producer Chris Stamey (formerly of The dB's, and credited by the band as the \"fifth\" Mayfly) produced their first two records for Yep Roc, \"Summertown\" and \"The Pity List\".", "Dragon of the Lost Sea __knowledge__ Dragon of the Lost Sea is a fantasy novel by Chinese-American author Laurence Yep.", "Dragon of the Lost Sea __knowledge__ It was first published in 1982 and is the first book in his \"Dragon\" series.", "Dragon of the Lost Sea __knowledge__ Having already written several books, Yep had wanted to adapt Chinese mythology into a fantasy form for some time, and began writing the story in 1980 after undertaking careful research.", "Dragon of the Lost Sea __knowledge__ He had originally intended to adapt a Chinese folktale in which the Monkey King captured a river spirit who had flooded an entire city, which he at first tried to conceive in picture book form.", "Dragon of the Lost Sea __knowledge__ However, he kept questioning the motivations of the river spirit, who he had renamed Civet.", "Aoife O'Donovan __knowledge__ Aoife O’Donovan ( ; ;) born November 18, 1982 in Newton, Massachusetts, is an Irish-American singer and songwriter.", "Aoife O'Donovan __knowledge__ She is best known as the lead singer for the progressive bluegrass/string band Crooked Still and as a member of the female folk-noir trio Sometymes Why.", "Aoife O'Donovan __knowledge__ Her first professional engagement was singing lead for the folk group The Wayfaring Strangers.", "Aoife O'Donovan __knowledge__ She has performed and recorded with Ollabelle, Karan Casey and Seamus Egan, Jerry Douglas, Jim Lauderdale, Darol Anger, Sarah Jarosz, Sara Watkins, Christina Courtin, Chris Thile (Nickel Creek, Punch Brothers), Noam Pikelny (Punch Brothers), Edgar Meyer, Stuart Duncan and Yo-Yo Ma." ] ]

[ 6, 8, 41, 8 ]

[ "Many people don't realize that computer engineers are also very applicable to robotics research!", "Cool! It's not just a male field anymore. Mattel even has a Computer Engineer Barbie!!!", "Yep. It was created and introduced in 2010.", "Funny that you say that because a \"smart toy\" is actually a toy that has on-board electronics. Relevant to our topic!" ]

[ "Computer engineering", "Computer engineering", "Computer engineering", "Computer engineering" ]

[ "Lizard\nHi, I find lizards fascinating!", "Oh my gosh! 6000 species? That sounds unbelievable... what areas do they live in?", "Interesting. I wonder why not Antarctica. Do they have to live in hot areas only? Or they just haven't got to travel there?", "That makes sense. They look like crocodiles and gators so they probably have the same \"needs\" - do you really think they came from Dinosaurs? " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lizard __knowledge__ Lizards are a widespread group of squamate reptiles, with over 6,000 species, ranging across all continents except Antarctica, as well as most oceanic island chains.", "Lizard __knowledge__ The group is paraphyletic as it excludes the snakes and Amphisbaenia which are also squamates.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Lizards range in size from chameleons and geckos a few centimeters long to the 3 meter long Komodo dragon.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Most lizards are quadrupedal, running with a strong side-to-side motion.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Others are legless, and have long snake-like bodies.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Some such as the forest-dwelling \"Draco\" lizards are able to glide.", "Lizard __knowledge__ They are often territorial, the males fighting off other males and signalling, often with brightly colours, to attract mates and to intimidate rivals.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Lizards are mainly carnivorous, often being sit-and-wait predators; many smaller species eat insects, while the Komodo eats mammals as big as water buffalo.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Lizards make use of a variety of antipredator adaptations, including venom, camouflage, reflex bleeding, and the ability to sacrifice and regrow their tails.", "Lizard __knowledge__ The adult length of species within the suborder ranges from a few centimeters for chameleons such as \"Brookesia micra\" and geckos such as \"Sphaerodactylus ariasae\" to nearly in the case of the largest living varanid lizard, the Komodo dragon.", "Order of the Phoenix (fictional organisation) __knowledge__ The Order of the Phoenix is a secret organisation in the \"Harry Potter\" series of fiction books written by J. K. Rowling.", "Order of the Phoenix (fictional organisation) __knowledge__ Founded by Albus Dumbledore to fight Lord Voldemort and his followers, the Death Eaters, the Order lends its name to the fifth book of the series, \"Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix\".", "Order of the Phoenix (fictional organisation) __knowledge__ Before the Harry Potter series starts – when the character Lord Voldemort declared war on the wizarding world – Albus Dumbledore, headmaster of Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry and an upstanding and powerful citizen of the wizarding world, attempted to take control of the situation by founding the Order of the Phoenix.", "List of supporting Harry Potter characters __knowledge__ The following are supporting characters in the \"Harry Potter\" series written by J. K. Rowling.", "List of supporting Harry Potter characters __knowledge__ For members of the Order of the Phoenix, Dumbledore's Army, Hogwarts staff, Ministry of Magic, or for Death Eaters, see the respective articles.", "List of supporting Harry Potter characters __knowledge__ The Dursley family are Harry Potter's last living relatives.", "List of supporting Harry Potter characters __knowledge__ To ensure Harry's safety, Albus Dumbledore placed him in the Dursleys' care when he was a baby.", "List of supporting Harry Potter characters __knowledge__ The Dursleys live at Number 4, Privet Drive, Little Whinging in Surrey, England.", "List of supporting Harry Potter characters __knowledge__ They are all Muggles, and despise all things related to magic – and anything out of the ordinary in general – and the Wizarding World, especially the Potters.", "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film) __knowledge__ Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (released in the United States as Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone) is a 2001 fantasy film directed by Chris Columbus and distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures.", "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film) __knowledge__ It is based on the novel of the same name by J. K. Rowling.", "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film) __knowledge__ The film is the first instalment in the long-running \"Harry Potter\" film series, and was written by Steve Kloves and produced by David Heyman.", "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film) __knowledge__ Its story follows Harry Potter's first year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry as he discovers that he is a famous wizard and begins his education.", "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (film) __knowledge__ The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter, with Rupert Grint as Ron Weasley, and Emma Watson as Hermione Granger.", "Lizard communication __knowledge__ Lizards are a diverse group of reptiles—there are nearly 4500 different lizard species, excluding snakes.", "Lizard communication __knowledge__ They come in all shapes, sizes, and colors, and also vary widely in many aspects of their behavior, such as how they reproduce and forage for food.", "Lizard communication __knowledge__ In addition to this extraordinary diversity in physical and behavioral characteristics, lizards have evolved many interesting ways to communicate.", "Lizard communication __knowledge__ Lizards rely on many different sensory systems, including the visual, olfactory, and auditory systems.", "Lizard communication __knowledge__ As these sensory systems have become more sophisticated, lizards have developed different modes of communication that incorporate these sensory systems, including visual, chemical, tactile, and vocal communication.", "Rubeus Hagrid __knowledge__ Rubeus Hagrid is a fictional character in the \"Harry Potter\" book series written by J. K. Rowling.", "Rubeus Hagrid __knowledge__ He is introduced in \"Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone\" as a half-giant and half-human who is the gamekeeper and Keeper of Keys and Grounds of Hogwarts, the primary setting for the first six novels.", "Rubeus Hagrid __knowledge__ In the third novel \"Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban\", Hagrid is promoted to Care of Magical Creatures teacher, and is later revealed to be a member of the Order of the Phoenix.", "Rubeus Hagrid __knowledge__ Hagrid was among the characters that Rowling says she created on \"the very first day\".", "Rubeus Hagrid __knowledge__ She has explained the source of his name as \"another old English word, meaning – if you were hagrid – it’s a dialect word – you’d had a bad night.", "Chełmno extermination camp __knowledge__ Chełmno extermination camp (), built during World War II, was the first of the Nazi German extermination camps and was situated north of the metropolitan city of Łódź, near the Polish village of Chełmno nad Nerem (\"Kulmhof an der Nehr\" in German).", "Chełmno extermination camp __knowledge__ Following the invasion of Poland in 1939 Germany annexed the area into the new territory of \"Reichsgau Wartheland\" (currently the Greater Poland Voivodeship), aiming at its complete \"Germanization\"; the camp was set up specifically to carry out ethnic cleansing through mass killings.", "Chełmno extermination camp __knowledge__ It operated from parallel to Operation Reinhard during the most deadly phase of the Holocaust, and again from to during the Soviet counter-offensive.", "CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive __knowledge__ CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive Co., Ltd. is one of the electric locomotive manufacturers in China.", "CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive __knowledge__ It is one of the subsidiaries of CRRC.", "CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive __knowledge__ Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Works was founded in 1936.", "CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive __knowledge__ On 31 August 2005, CSR Group Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Co., Ltd. was spin-off from the locomotive works; the original legal entity of the locomotive works became an intermediate holding company for CSR Group only.", "CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive __knowledge__ After the formation of listed company CSR Corporation Limited, the limited company \"CSR Group Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive\" became part of the listed portion of the group, and the intermediate holding company remained unlisted." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lizard __knowledge__ Lizards are a widespread group of squamate reptiles, with over 6,000 species, ranging across all continents except Antarctica, as well as most oceanic island chains.", "Lizard __knowledge__ The group is paraphyletic as it excludes the snakes and Amphisbaenia which are also squamates.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Lizards range in size from chameleons and geckos a few centimeters long to the 3 meter long Komodo dragon.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Most lizards are quadrupedal, running with a strong side-to-side motion.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Others are legless, and have long snake-like bodies.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Some such as the forest-dwelling \"Draco\" lizards are able to glide.", "Lizard __knowledge__ They are often territorial, the males fighting off other males and signalling, often with brightly colours, to attract mates and to intimidate rivals.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Lizards are mainly carnivorous, often being sit-and-wait predators; many smaller species eat insects, while the Komodo eats mammals as big as water buffalo.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Lizards make use of a variety of antipredator adaptations, including venom, camouflage, reflex bleeding, and the ability to sacrifice and regrow their tails.", "Lizard __knowledge__ The adult length of species within the suborder ranges from a few centimeters for chameleons such as \"Brookesia micra\" and geckos such as \"Sphaerodactylus ariasae\" to nearly in the case of the largest living varanid lizard, the Komodo dragon.", "Charlie Gard case __knowledge__ The Charlie Gard case was a best interests case in 2017 involving Charles Matthew William Gard (4 August 2016 – 28 July 2017), an infant boy from London, born with mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome (MDDS), a rare genetic disorder that causes progressive brain damage and muscle failure.", "Charlie Gard case __knowledge__ MDDS has no treatment and usually causes death in infancy.", "Charlie Gard case __knowledge__ The case became controversial because the medical team and parents disagreed about whether experimental treatment was in the best interests of the child.", "Charlie Gard case __knowledge__ In October 2016, Charlie was transferred to London's Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH), a National Health Service (NHS) children's hospital, because he was failing to thrive and his breathing was shallow.", "Salah Gosh __knowledge__ Major General Salah Abdallah \"Gosh\" is the former national security advisor of the republic of Sudan, prior to this position he was the director of Sudan's National Security and Intelligence Services, and holds the rank of army major general.", "Salah Gosh __knowledge__ Gosh was born in the village of Nuri, near Karima but moved during his childhood to Port Sudan.", "Salah Gosh __knowledge__ He was good a mathematics, became involved in the Islamist movement and went on to study engineering at the University of Khartoum.", "Salah Gosh __knowledge__ As a student he provided Hassan al Turabi's NIF movement with information about the beliefs of various student activists.", "Salah Gosh __knowledge__ After the 1989 coup he joined the Islamist government and helped Al Qaeda establish their base of operations in Sudan during the early 1990s.", "CIA activities in Sudan __knowledge__ Sudan has at least two conflicts: the Second Sudanese Civil War, now in a power-sharing agreement between the Northern Sudanese of Khartoum and the semi-autonomous South Sudan, with a capital in Juba, and a second conflict in the Darfur area of western Sudan.", "CIA activities in Sudan __knowledge__ The Khartoum government had, in the past, given sanctuary to trans-national Islamic terrorists, but, according to the 9/11 Commission Report, ousted al-Qaeda and cooperated with the US against such groups while simultaneously involving itself in human rights abuses in Darfur.", "CIA activities in Sudan __knowledge__ There are also transborder issues between Chad and Darfur, and, to a lesser extent, with the Central African Republic.", "Lenore, the Cute Little Dead Girl __knowledge__ Lenore, The Cute Little Dead Girl is a black comedy comic series created by Roman Dirge, inspired by the poem \"Lenore\" by Edgar Allan Poe.", "Lenore, the Cute Little Dead Girl __knowledge__ Lenore has appeared in several comic books by Dirge.", "Lenore, the Cute Little Dead Girl __knowledge__ From 1998 to 2007, she featured in her own series published by Slave Labor Graphics.", "Lenore, the Cute Little Dead Girl __knowledge__ Twenty-six flash-animated shorts were also produced for Sony's ScreenBlast website in 2002.", "Lenore, the Cute Little Dead Girl __knowledge__ In July 2009, a new comic series started, now published by Titan Books and called \"Lenore Volume II\".", "Lenore, the Cute Little Dead Girl __knowledge__ Previous issues were made into colored edition trade paperback called \"Lenore Volume I\", which is separated into three books.", "Lenore, the Cute Little Dead Girl __knowledge__ On 31 July 2013,\" Lenore Volume II #8\" was released, marking the start of a plot line that continued for six issues.", "The New Statesman __knowledge__ The New Statesman is a British sitcom made in the late 1980s and early 1990s satirising the United Kingdom's Conservative Party Government of the period.", "The New Statesman __knowledge__ It was written by Laurence Marks and Maurice Gran at the request of, and as a starring vehicle for, its principal actor Rik Mayall.", "The New Statesman __knowledge__ The show's theme tune is an arrangement by Alan Hawkshaw of part of the \"Promenade\" from \"Pictures at an Exhibition\" by Russian composer Modest Mussorgsky.", "The New Statesman __knowledge__ The programme was made by the ITV franchise Yorkshire Television between 1987 and 1992, although the BBC made two special episodes; one in 1988, the other in 1994.", "Yeezus __knowledge__ Yeezus is the sixth studio album by American rapper Kanye West.", "Yeezus __knowledge__ It was released on June 18, 2013, by Def Jam Recordings.", "Yeezus __knowledge__ West gathered a number of artists and close collaborators for production on the album, including Mike Dean, Daft Punk, Noah Goldstein, Hudson Mohawke, Arca, and Travis Scott.", "Yeezus __knowledge__ \"Yeezus\" also features guest vocals from Justin Vernon, Chief Keef, Kid Cudi, Assassin, King L, Charlie Wilson and Frank Ocean.", "Yeezus __knowledge__ Fifteen days before its release date, West enlisted the help of producer Rick Rubin to strip down the record's sound in favor of a more minimalist approach.", "Yeezus __knowledge__ \"Yeezus\" has been characterized as West's most experimental and sonically abrasive work.", "Peter and Wendy __knowledge__ Peter Pan; or, the Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up or Peter and Wendy is J. M. Barrie's most famous work, in the form of a 1904 play and a 1911 novel.", "Peter and Wendy __knowledge__ Both versions tell the story of Peter Pan, a mischievous yet innocent little boy who can fly, and has many adventures on the island of Neverland that is inhabited by mermaids, fairies, Native Americans and pirates.", "Peter and Wendy __knowledge__ Peter has many stories involving Wendy Darling and her two brothers, his fairy Tinker Bell, the Lost Boys, and the pirate Captain Hook.", "Peter and Wendy __knowledge__ The play and novel were inspired by Barrie's friendship with the Llewelyn Davies family.", "Peter and Wendy __knowledge__ Barrie continued to revise the play for years after its debut until publication of the play script in 1928.", "Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province __knowledge__ Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province (, \"Ostān-e Chahār-Mahāl-o Bakhtiyārī\" ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.", "Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province __knowledge__ It lies in the southwestern part of the country.", "Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province __knowledge__ Its capital is Shahr-e Kord.", "Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province __knowledge__ The province was put as part of Region 2 upon the division of the provinces into 5 regions solely for coordination and development purposes on June 22, 2014.", "Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province __knowledge__ It has an area of 16,332 square kilometers, and had a population of 895,263 in 2011.", "Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province __knowledge__ The history of the province is tied to that of the Bakhtiari tribe.", "Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province __knowledge__ The Bakhtiari tribe can be divided into two sub-tribes, \"Haft Lang\" and \"Chahar Lang\" with various territorial affiliations and they are the main speakers of Lurish language.", "History of botany __knowledge__ The history of botany examines the human effort to understand life on Earth by tracing the historical development of the discipline of botany—that part of natural science dealing with organisms traditionally treated as plants.", "History of botany __knowledge__ Rudimentary botanical science began with empirically-based plant lore passed from generation to generation in the oral traditions of paleolithic hunter-gatherers.", "History of botany __knowledge__ The first written records of plants were made in the Neolithic Revolution about 10,000 years ago as writing was developed in the settled agricultural communities where plants and animals were first domesticated.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Paleontology in New Mexico __knowledge__ Paleontology in New Mexico refers to paleontological research occurring within or conducted by people from the U.S. state of New Mexico.", "Paleontology in New Mexico __knowledge__ The fossil record of New Mexico is exceptionally complete and spans almost the entire stratigraphic column.", "Paleontology in New Mexico __knowledge__ More than 3,300 different kinds of fossil organisms have been found in the state.", "Paleontology in New Mexico __knowledge__ Of these more than 700 of these were new to science and more than 100 of those were type species for new genera.", "Paleontology in New Mexico __knowledge__ During the early Paleozoic, southern and western New Mexico were submerged by a warm shallow sea that would come to be home to creatures including brachiopods, bryozoans, cartilaginous fishes, corals, graptolites, nautiloids, placoderms, and trilobites.", "Law of value __knowledge__ The law of value (German: \"Wertgesetz\") is a central concept in Karl Marx's critique of political economy, first expounded in his polemic \"The Poverty of Philosophy\" (1847) against Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, with reference to David Ricardo's economics.", "Law of value __knowledge__ Most generally, it refers to a regulative principle of the economic exchange of the products of human work: the relative exchange-values of those products in trade, usually expressed by money-prices, are proportional to the average amounts of human labor-time which are currently socially necessary to produce them.", "Law of value __knowledge__ Thus, the fluctuating exchange value of commodities (exchangeable products) is regulated by their value, where the magnitude of their value is determined by the average quantity of human labour which is currently socially necessary to produce them (see labor theory of value and value-form).", "Food web __knowledge__ A food web (or food cycle) is a natural interconnection of food chains and a graphical representation (usually an image) of what-eats-what in an ecological community.", "Food web __knowledge__ Another name for food web is consumer-resource system.", "Food web __knowledge__ Ecologists can broadly lump all life forms into one of two categories called trophic levels: 1) the autotrophs, and 2) the heterotrophs.", "Food web __knowledge__ To maintain their bodies, grow, develop, and to reproduce, autotrophs produce organic matter from inorganic substances, including both minerals and gases such as carbon dioxide.", "Food web __knowledge__ These chemical reactions require energy, which mainly comes from the Sun and largely by photosynthesis, although a very small amount comes from hydrothermal vents and hot springs.", "Product (mathematics) __knowledge__ In mathematics, a product is the result of multiplying, or an expression that identifies factors to be multiplied.", "Product (mathematics) __knowledge__ Thus, for instance, 6 is the product of 2 and 3 (the result of multiplication), and formula_1 is the product of formula_2 and formula_3 (indicating that the two factors should be multiplied together).", "Product (mathematics) __knowledge__ The order in which real or complex numbers are multiplied has no bearing on the product; this is known as the commutative law of multiplication.", "Product (mathematics) __knowledge__ When matrices or members of various other associative algebras are multiplied, the product usually depends on the order of the factors.", "Product (mathematics) __knowledge__ Matrix multiplication, for example, and multiplication in other algebras is in general non-commutative." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lizard __knowledge__ Lizards are a widespread group of squamate reptiles, with over 6,000 species, ranging across all continents except Antarctica, as well as most oceanic island chains.", "Lizard __knowledge__ The group is paraphyletic as it excludes the snakes and Amphisbaenia which are also squamates.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Lizards range in size from chameleons and geckos a few centimeters long to the 3 meter long Komodo dragon.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Most lizards are quadrupedal, running with a strong side-to-side motion.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Others are legless, and have long snake-like bodies.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Some such as the forest-dwelling \"Draco\" lizards are able to glide.", "Lizard __knowledge__ They are often territorial, the males fighting off other males and signalling, often with brightly colours, to attract mates and to intimidate rivals.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Lizards are mainly carnivorous, often being sit-and-wait predators; many smaller species eat insects, while the Komodo eats mammals as big as water buffalo.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Lizards make use of a variety of antipredator adaptations, including venom, camouflage, reflex bleeding, and the ability to sacrifice and regrow their tails.", "Lizard __knowledge__ The adult length of species within the suborder ranges from a few centimeters for chameleons such as \"Brookesia micra\" and geckos such as \"Sphaerodactylus ariasae\" to nearly in the case of the largest living varanid lizard, the Komodo dragon.", "List of Super Friends members __knowledge__ The following is an overview of the members of the DC Comics superhero team known as the Super Friends (Super Powers Team in the ), an adaptation of the Justice League of America.", "List of Super Friends members __knowledge__ This is the list of Super Friends members that were on the show since its premiere in 1973.", "List of Super Friends members __knowledge__ He was a major character in the original season of the animated television series \"Super Friends\" (1973).", "List of Super Friends members __knowledge__ \"Super Friends\" is often credited with having exposed Aquaman to a much wider audience outside of the comic book community.", "List of Super Friends members __knowledge__ In this series, Aquaman was shown to display superstrength—hefting a bulldozer blade over his head, for example, and using it to help stop a tidal wave.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ The following is a list of episodes from the American animated children's television series, \"Wonder Pets!\".", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ It debuted on March 3, 2006, on the Nick Jr. block of the Nickelodeon cable television network and Noggin (now Nick Jr.) on December 27, 2006.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ 1.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ Save the Dolphin!/Save the Chimp!", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ (Air Date 9/18/06) The Wonder Pets travel to Hawaii to save a baby dolphin caught in a fishing net who is in danger of drowning.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ The Wonder Pets rig their Flyboat for space travel and head for the stars to rescue a baby chimp whose spaceship is about to be hit by a meteor!", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ (Fact: Christine Ka'aloa plays the mother dolphin in this first episode.)", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Wonder Woman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is a founding member of the Justice League, goddess, and Ambassador-at-Large of the Amazon people.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character first appeared in \"All Star Comics\" #8 in October 1941 and first cover-dated on \"Sensation Comics\" #1, January 1942.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ In her homeland, the island nation of Themyscira, her official title is Princess Diana of Themyscira, Daughter of Hippolyta.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ When blending into the society outside of her homeland, she adopts her civilian identity Diana Prince.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is also referred to by such epithets as the \"Amazing Amazon\", the \"Spirit of Truth\", \"Themyscira's Champion\", the \"God-killer\", and the \"Goddess of Love and War\".", "Antarctica __knowledge__ Antarctica (UK English or , US English ) is Earth's southernmost continent.", "Antarctica __knowledge__ It contains the geographic South Pole and is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean.", "Antarctica __knowledge__ At , it is the fifth-largest continent.", "Antarctica __knowledge__ For comparison, Antarctica is nearly twice the size of Australia.", "Antarctica __knowledge__ About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice that averages in thickness, which extends to all but the northernmost reaches of the Antarctic Peninsula.", "Antarctica __knowledge__ Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents.", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ Wonder Woman is a 2017 American superhero film based on the DC Comics character of the same name, distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures.", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ It is the fourth installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU).", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ The film is directed by Patty Jenkins, with a screenplay by Allan Heinberg, from a story by Heinberg, Zack Snyder, and Jason Fuchs, and stars Gal Gadot as Diana Prince / Wonder Woman, alongside Chris Pine, Robin Wright, Danny Huston, David Thewlis, Connie Nielsen, and Elena Anaya.", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ \"Wonder Woman\" is the second live action theatrical film featuring the titular character, following her debut in 2016's \"\".", "Wildlife of Antarctica __knowledge__ The wildlife of Antarctica are extremophiles, having to adapt to the dryness, low temperatures, and high exposure common in Antarctica.", "Wildlife of Antarctica __knowledge__ The extreme weather of the interior contrasts to the relatively mild conditions on the Antarctic Peninsula and the subantarctic islands, which have warmer temperatures and more liquid water.", "Wildlife of Antarctica __knowledge__ Much of the ocean around the mainland is covered by sea ice.", "Wildlife of Antarctica __knowledge__ The oceans themselves are a more stable environment for life, both in the water column and on the seabed.", "Wildlife of Antarctica __knowledge__ There is relatively little diversity in Antarctica compared to much of the rest of the world.", "Wildlife of Antarctica __knowledge__ Terrestrial life is concentrated in areas near the coast.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ Stevland Hardaway Morris (born Stevland Hardaway Judkins; May 13, 1950), known by his stage name Stevie Wonder, is an American musician, singer, songwriter, record producer, and multi-instrumentalist.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ A child prodigy, he is considered to be one of the most critically and commercially successful musical performers of the late 20th century.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ Wonder signed with Motown's Tamla label at the age of 11, and he continued performing and recording for Motown into the 2010s.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ He has been blind since shortly after birth.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ Among Wonder's works are singles such as \"Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours\", \"Superstition\", \"Sir Duke\", \"You Are the Sunshine of My Life\" and \"I Just Called to Say I Love You\"; and albums such as \"Talking Book\", \"Innervisions\" and \"Songs in the Key of Life\".", "Snake __knowledge__ Snakes are elongated, legless, carnivorous reptiles of the suborder Serpentes.", "Snake __knowledge__ Like all squamates, snakes are ectothermic, amniote vertebrates covered in overlapping scales.", "Snake __knowledge__ Many species of snakes have skulls with several more joints than their lizard ancestors, enabling them to swallow prey much larger than their heads with their highly mobile jaws.", "Snake __knowledge__ To accommodate their narrow bodies, snakes' paired organs (such as kidneys) appear one in front of the other instead of side by side, and most have only one functional lung.", "Snake __knowledge__ Some species retain a pelvic girdle with a pair of vestigial claws on either side of the cloaca.", "Snakebite __knowledge__ A snakebite is an injury caused by the bite of a snake, especially a venomous snake.", "Snakebite __knowledge__ A common symptom of a bite from a venomous snake is the presence of two puncture wounds from the animal's fangs.", "Snakebite __knowledge__ Sometimes venom injection from the bite may occur.", "Snakebite __knowledge__ This may result in redness, swelling, and severe pain at the area, which may take up to an hour to appear.", "Snakebite __knowledge__ Vomiting, trouble seeing, tingling of the limbs, and sweating may result.", "Snakebite __knowledge__ Most bites are on the hands or arms.", "Snakebite __knowledge__ Fear following a bite is common with symptoms of a racing heart and feeling faint.", "Snakebite __knowledge__ The venom may cause bleeding, kidney failure, a severe allergic reaction, tissue death around the bite, or breathing problems.", "Western honey bee __knowledge__ The western honey bee or European honey bee (\"Apis mellifera\") is the most common of the 7–12 species of honey bee worldwide.", "Western honey bee __knowledge__ The genus name \"Apis\" is Latin for \"bee\", and \"mellifera\" is the Latin for \"honey-bearing\", referring to the species' production of honey for the winter.", "Western honey bee __knowledge__ Like all honey bees, the western honey bee is eusocial, creating colonies with a single fertile female (or \"queen\"), many sterile females or \"workers,\" and small proportion of fertile males or \"drones.\"", "Western honey bee __knowledge__ Individual colonies can house tens of thousands of bees.", "Western honey bee __knowledge__ Colony activities are organized by complex communication between individuals, through both pheromones and the dance language.", "Metzgeriales __knowledge__ Metzgeriales is an order of liverworts.", "Metzgeriales __knowledge__ The group is sometimes called the simple thalloid liverworts: \"thalloid\" because the members lack structures resembling stems or leaves, and \"simple\" because their tissues are thin and relatively undifferentiated.", "Metzgeriales __knowledge__ All species in the order have a small gametophyte stage and a smaller, relatively short-lived, spore-bearing stage.", "Metzgeriales __knowledge__ Although these plants are almost entirely restricted to regions with high humidity or readily available moisture, the group as a whole is widely distributed, and occurs on every continent except Antarctica.", "Metzgeriales __knowledge__ Members of the Metzgeriales typically are small and thin enough to be translucent, with most of the tissues only a single cell layer in thickness.", "Association of Film Commissioners International __knowledge__ Association of Film Commissioners International (AFCI) is worldwide network of more than 360 commissions from 40 countries on every continent except Antarctica.", "Association of Film Commissioners International __knowledge__ The AFCI represents trained, experienced and professional Film Commissioners and their offices and staff, sets standards and provides professional education, offers training and business services in the field of Film Commissioning, and provides regular marketing and network opportunities in Hollywood and around the world for Film Commissions.", "Association of Film Commissioners International __knowledge__ The AFCI was founded in 1975 to serve the growing needs of on-location film and television production.", "Ostariophysi __knowledge__ Ostariophysi is the second-largest superorder of fish.", "Ostariophysi __knowledge__ Members of this superorder are called ostariophysians.", "Ostariophysi __knowledge__ This diverse group contains almost 8,000 species, about 28% of known fish species in the world and 68% of freshwater species, and are present on all major continents except Antarctica.", "Ostariophysi __knowledge__ They have a number of common characteristics such as an alarm substance and a Weberian apparatus.", "Ostariophysi __knowledge__ Members of this group include fish important to people for food, sport, the aquarium industry, and research.", "Ostariophysi __knowledge__ Currently, this superorder is divided into two series, Anotophysi and Otophysi.", "Ostariophysi __knowledge__ However, in older literature, Ostariophysi was restricted only to the fish that are currently classified under Otophysi.", "Cosmopolitan distribution __knowledge__ In biogeography, a taxon is said to have a cosmopolitan distribution if its range extends across all or most of the world in appropriate habitats.", "Cosmopolitan distribution __knowledge__ Such a taxon is said to exhibit cosmopolitanism or cosmopolitism.", "Cosmopolitan distribution __knowledge__ The opposite extreme is endemism.", "Cosmopolitan distribution __knowledge__ The term pandemism also is in use, but not all authors are consistent in the sense in which they use the term; some speak of pandemism mainly in referring to diseases and pandemics, and some as a term intermediate between endemism and cosmopolitanism, in effect regarding pandemism as subcosmopolitanism.", "Cosmopolitan distribution __knowledge__ This means near cosmopolitanism, but with major gaps in the distribution, say, complete absence from Australia." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Lizard __knowledge__ Lizards are a widespread group of squamate reptiles, with over 6,000 species, ranging across all continents except Antarctica, as well as most oceanic island chains.", "Lizard __knowledge__ The group is paraphyletic as it excludes the snakes and Amphisbaenia which are also squamates.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Lizards range in size from chameleons and geckos a few centimeters long to the 3 meter long Komodo dragon.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Most lizards are quadrupedal, running with a strong side-to-side motion.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Others are legless, and have long snake-like bodies.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Some such as the forest-dwelling \"Draco\" lizards are able to glide.", "Lizard __knowledge__ They are often territorial, the males fighting off other males and signalling, often with brightly colours, to attract mates and to intimidate rivals.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Lizards are mainly carnivorous, often being sit-and-wait predators; many smaller species eat insects, while the Komodo eats mammals as big as water buffalo.", "Lizard __knowledge__ Lizards make use of a variety of antipredator adaptations, including venom, camouflage, reflex bleeding, and the ability to sacrifice and regrow their tails.", "Lizard __knowledge__ The adult length of species within the suborder ranges from a few centimeters for chameleons such as \"Brookesia micra\" and geckos such as \"Sphaerodactylus ariasae\" to nearly in the case of the largest living varanid lizard, the Komodo dragon.", "Dinosaur __knowledge__ Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles of the clade Dinosauria.", "Dinosaur __knowledge__ They first appeared during the Triassic period, between 243 and 231 million years ago, although the exact origin and timing of the evolution of dinosaurs is the subject of active research.", "Dinosaur __knowledge__ They became the dominant terrestrial vertebrates after the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event 201 million years ago; their dominance continued through the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.", "Dinosaur __knowledge__ The fossil record indicates that birds are modern feathered dinosaurs, having evolved from earlier theropods during the late Jurassic Period.", "Dinosaur __knowledge__ As such, birds were the only dinosaur lineage to survive the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event 66 million years ago.", "Reptile __knowledge__ Reptiles are tetrapod animals in the class Reptilia, comprising today's turtles, crocodilians, snakes, amphisbaenians, lizards, tuatara, and their extinct relatives.", "Reptile __knowledge__ The study of these traditional reptile orders, historically combined with that of modern amphibians, is called herpetology.", "Reptile __knowledge__ Because some reptiles are more closely related to birds than they are to other reptiles (e.g., crocodiles are more closely related to birds than they are to lizards), the traditional groups of \"reptiles\" listed above do not together constitute a monophyletic grouping (or clade).", "Reptile __knowledge__ For this reason, many modern scientists prefer to consider the birds part of Reptilia as well, thereby making Reptilia a monophyletic class.", "Nile crocodile __knowledge__ The Nile crocodile (\"Crocodylus niloticus\") is an African crocodile, the largest freshwater predator in Africa, and may be considered the second largest extant reptile in the world, after the saltwater crocodile (\"Crocodylus porosus\").", "Nile crocodile __knowledge__ The Nile crocodile is quite widespread throughout Sub-Saharan Africa, occurring mostly in the central, eastern, and southern regions of the continent and lives in different types of aquatic environments such as lakes, rivers and marshlands.", "Nile crocodile __knowledge__ Although capable of living in saline environments, this species is rarely found in saltwater, but occasionally inhabits deltas and brackish lakes.", "Crocodilia __knowledge__ The Crocodilia (or Crocodylia) is an order of mostly large, predatory, semiaquatic reptiles, known as crocodilians.", "Crocodilia __knowledge__ They first appeared 83.5 million years ago in the Late Cretaceous period (Campanian stage) and are the closest living relatives of birds, as the two groups are the only known survivors of the Archosauria.", "Crocodilia __knowledge__ Members of the order's total group, the clade Pseudosuchia, appeared about 250 million years ago in the Early Triassic period, and diversified during the Mesozoic era.", "Crocodilia __knowledge__ The order Crocodilia includes the true crocodiles (family Crocodylidae), the alligators and caimans (family Alligatoridae), and the gharial and false gharial (family Gavialidae).", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Tyrannosaurus __knowledge__ Tyrannosaurus is a genus of coelurosaurian theropod dinosaur.", "Tyrannosaurus __knowledge__ The species Tyrannosaurus rex (\"rex\" meaning \"king\" in Latin) is one of the most well-represented of the large theropods.", "Tyrannosaurus __knowledge__ \"Tyrannosaurus\" lived throughout what is now western North America, on what was then an island continent known as Laramidia.", "Tyrannosaurus __knowledge__ \"Tyrannosaurus\" had a much wider range than other tyrannosaurids.", "Tyrannosaurus __knowledge__ Fossils are found in a variety of rock formations dating to the Maastrichtian age of the upper Cretaceous Period, 68 to 66 million years ago.", "Tyrannosaurus __knowledge__ It was the last known member of the tyrannosaurids, and among the last non-avian dinosaurs to exist before the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction.", "Allosaurus __knowledge__ Allosaurus () is a genus of large theropod dinosaur that lived 155 to 150 million years ago during the late Jurassic period (Kimmeridgian to early Tithonian).", "Allosaurus __knowledge__ The name \"\"Allosaurus\"\" means \"different lizard\".", "Allosaurus __knowledge__ It is derived from the Greek /\"allos\" (\"different, other\") and /\"sauros\" (\"lizard / generic reptile\").", "Allosaurus __knowledge__ The first fossil remains that could definitively be ascribed to this genus were described in 1877 by paleontologist Othniel Charles Marsh.", "Allosaurus __knowledge__ These remains became known as \"Antrodemus\".", "Allosaurus __knowledge__ As one of the first well-known theropod dinosaurs, it has long attracted attention outside of paleontological circles.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ Ultraviolet (UV) is an electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm, shorter than that of visible light but longer than X-rays.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ UV radiation constitutes about 10% of the total light output of the Sun, and is thus present in sunlight.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ It is also produced by electric arcs and specialized lights, such as mercury-vapor lamps, tanning lamps, and black lights.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ Although it's not considered an ionizing radiation because its photons lack the energy to ionize atoms, long-wavelength ultraviolet radiation can cause chemical reactions and causes many substances to glow or fluoresce.", "Ultraviolet __knowledge__ Consequently, the chemical and biological effects of UV are greater than simple heating effects, and many practical applications of UV radiation derive from its interactions with organic molecules.", "Soldering __knowledge__ Soldering (AmE: , BrE: ), is a process in which two or more items (usually metal) are joined together by melting and putting a filler metal (solder) into the joint, the filler metal having a lower melting point than the adjoining metal.", "Soldering __knowledge__ Soldering differs from welding in that soldering does not involve melting the work pieces.", "Soldering __knowledge__ In brazing, the filler metal melts at a higher temperature, but the work piece metal does not melt.", "Soldering __knowledge__ In the past, nearly all solders contained lead, but environmental and health concerns have increasingly dictated use of lead-free alloys for electronics and plumbing purposes.", "Desert __knowledge__ A desert is a barren area of landscape where little precipitation occurs and consequently living conditions are hostile for plant and animal life.", "Desert __knowledge__ The lack of vegetation exposes the unprotected surface of the ground to the processes of denudation.", "Desert __knowledge__ About one third of the land surface of the world is arid or semi-arid.", "Desert __knowledge__ This includes much of the polar regions where little precipitation occurs and which are sometimes called polar deserts or \"cold deserts\".", "Desert __knowledge__ Deserts can be classified by the amount of precipitation that falls, by the temperature that prevails, by the causes of desertification or by their geographical location.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ This list of ecoregions of North America provides an overview of North American ecoregions designated by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) in its North American Environmental Atlas.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ It should not be confused with Wikipedia articles based on the classification system developed by the World Wildlife Fund, such as List of ecoregions (WWF) and Lists of ecoregions by country.", "List of ecoregions in North America (CEC) __knowledge__ The commission was established in 1994 by the member states of Canada, Mexico, and the United States to address regional environmental concerns under the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC), the environmental side accord to the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).", "Heat capacity __knowledge__ Heat capacity or thermal capacity is a measurable physical quantity equal to the ratio of the heat added to (or removed from) an object to the resulting temperature change.", "Heat capacity __knowledge__ The unit of heat capacity is joule per kelvin formula_1, or kilogram metre squared per kelvin second squared formula_2 in the International System of Units (SI).", "Heat capacity __knowledge__ The dimensional form is .", "Heat capacity __knowledge__ Specific heat is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one kilogram of mass by 1 kelvin.", "Heat capacity __knowledge__ Heat capacity is an extensive property of matter, meaning that it is proportional to the size of the system.", "Heat capacity __knowledge__ When expressing the same phenomenon as an intensive property, the heat capacity is divided by the amount of substance, mass, or volume, thus the quantity is independent of the size or extent of the sample.", "Modern Mars habitability __knowledge__ One of the central questions of modern Astrobiology is whether there is, or ever has been life on Mars.", "Modern Mars habitability __knowledge__ Mars probably had oceans in the past, and it definitely had lakes and a thicker atmosphere.", "Modern Mars habitability __knowledge__ Modern Mars has become cold, dry, and almost uninhabitable, yet, if life did ever arise on Mars, some hardy microbes and perhaps even multicellular life might survive there right through to the present.", "Modern Mars habitability __knowledge__ The only missions to search for life on Mars, the two Viking missions, returned results that were inconclusive .", "Modern Mars habitability __knowledge__ However the instruments were not designed to cope with the unusual conditions which Viking discovered on Mars, which may have confused the results of the experiments." ] ]

[ 0, 1, 0, 15 ]

[ "They are very interesting, and there are so many different kinds of them, 6000 species!", "They can actually be found in every continent except Antarctica.", "I think it's because reptiles need enough heat to survive. That place is too cold for them.", "Actually I think they are different, birds are the only dinosaur link that survived." ]

[ "Lizard", "Lizard", "Lizard", "Lizard" ]

[ "Halloween", "yeah, its a good time, normally try and go to a party or something with people.", "What is your favourite scary movie?", "I don't really watch scary movies, prefer sci-fi movies but some of them can be scary like \"Aliens\"" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Halloween __knowledge__ Halloween or Hallowe'en (a contraction of All Hallows' Evening), also known as Allhalloween, All Hallows' Eve, or All Saints' Eve, is a celebration observed in a number of countries on 31 October, the eve of the Western Christian feast of All Hallows' Day.", "Halloween __knowledge__ It begins the three-day observance of Allhallowtide, the time in the liturgical year dedicated to remembering the dead, including saints (hallows), martyrs, and all the faithful departed.", "Halloween __knowledge__ It is widely believed that many Halloween traditions originated from ancient Celtic harvest festivals, particularly the Gaelic festival Samhain; that such festivals may have had pagan roots; and that Samhain itself was Christianized as Halloween by the early Church.", "Halloween __knowledge__ Some believe, however, that Halloween began solely as a Christian holiday, separate from ancient festivals like Samhain.", "Halloween __knowledge__ Halloween activities include trick-or-treating (or the related guising), attending Halloween costume parties, carving pumpkins into jack-o'-lanterns, lighting bonfires, apple bobbing, divination games, playing pranks, visiting haunted attractions, telling scary stories, and watching horror films.", "Halloween __knowledge__ In many parts of the world, the Christian religious observances of All Hallows' Eve, including attending church services and lighting candles on the graves of the dead, remain popular, although elsewhere it is a more commercial and secular celebration." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Halloween __knowledge__ Halloween or Hallowe'en (a contraction of All Hallows' Evening), also known as Allhalloween, All Hallows' Eve, or All Saints' Eve, is a celebration observed in a number of countries on 31 October, the eve of the Western Christian feast of All Hallows' Day.", "Halloween __knowledge__ It begins the three-day observance of Allhallowtide, the time in the liturgical year dedicated to remembering the dead, including saints (hallows), martyrs, and all the faithful departed.", "Halloween __knowledge__ It is widely believed that many Halloween traditions originated from ancient Celtic harvest festivals, particularly the Gaelic festival Samhain; that such festivals may have had pagan roots; and that Samhain itself was Christianized as Halloween by the early Church.", "Halloween __knowledge__ Some believe, however, that Halloween began solely as a Christian holiday, separate from ancient festivals like Samhain.", "Halloween __knowledge__ Halloween activities include trick-or-treating (or the related guising), attending Halloween costume parties, carving pumpkins into jack-o'-lanterns, lighting bonfires, apple bobbing, divination games, playing pranks, visiting haunted attractions, telling scary stories, and watching horror films.", "Halloween __knowledge__ In many parts of the world, the Christian religious observances of All Hallows' Eve, including attending church services and lighting candles on the graves of the dead, remain popular, although elsewhere it is a more commercial and secular celebration.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the British television and radio sketch show \"Little Britain\" (and its American spin-off, \"Little Britain USA\").", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played By: David Walliams Appearances: Season 3 Alan works for the Donkey Hospice in the town of Achingballs.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ After contributors give him some money, he blatantly places stickers on embarrassing body parts, such as the genital region or breasts and on someone's rear in a deleted scene.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ He makes one appearance in Series 3.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played by: David Walliams Episodes: Radio Show; Season 1, episodes 4 and 5 Catchphrase: \"I love you Anne\" and \"I need you Anne\" Peter Andre is a royal BBC correspondent who gets sacked after first making surreal and false claims about the Royal Family (such as Prince Charles having magical powers, describing The Queen as \"The Main One\" and mistaking Princess Eugenie for her mother, Sarah, Duchess of York) and then expressing his love for Princess Anne through song.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ TRL's Number Ones is the collection of music videos that had reached the number-one spot on the daily music video countdown show \"Total Request Live\" which aired on MTV from 1998 to 2008.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ Usually the same video will stay on the number-one spot for a series of weeks but after a certain period it will be retired or honorably discharged from the countdown and be put into the hall of fame.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ The music video is usually determined various ways such as voting online on MTV.com, the \"Billboard\" charts, ratings on the radio and downloads over the internet.", "TRL's Number Ones __knowledge__ January 2: \"Lose Yourself\" - Eminem January 3: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 6: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 7: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 8: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 9: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 10: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 13: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 14: \"All I Have\" - Jennifer Lopez featuring LL Cool J January 15: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 16: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 17: \"I'm With You\" - Avril Lavigne January 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 22: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 23: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 24: \"Cry Me A River\" - Justin Timberlake January 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 28: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 29: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 30: \"Bump, Bump, Bump\" - B2K featuring P. Diddy January 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 3: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 4: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 7: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 10: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 11: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 12: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte February 14: Valentine's Day Special #1 Video: \"Why I Love You\" - B2K February 17: TRL Awards #1 Video: \"Larger Than Life\" - Backstreet Boys February 18: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 19: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 20: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 21: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 24: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 25: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 26: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake February 27: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent February 28: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 3: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 4: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 5: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 6: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 7: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 10: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 11: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 12: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 13: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 14: \"Sing For The Moment\" - Eminem March 17: \"In Da Club\" - 50 Cent March 18: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 19: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 20: Coverage on the war in Iraq March 21: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 24: \"The Hell Song\" - Sum 41 March 25: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 26: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 27: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte March 31: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 1: \"Girlfriend\" - B2K April 2: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte April 3: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 4: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 7: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 8: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 9: \"Addicted\" - Simple Plan April 10: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 11: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 15: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 16: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 17: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 18: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 22: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 23: \"Rock Your Body\" - Justin Timberlake April 24: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 25: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg April 28: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 29: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera April 30: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 1: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 2: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 5: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 6: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 7: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 8: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 9: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 12: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 13: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 14: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 15: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 16: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 19: \"21 Questions\" - 50 Cent featuring Nate Dogg May 20: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 21: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 22: \"Fighter\" - Christina Aguilera May 26: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 27: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 28: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 29: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson May 30: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 2: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 3: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 4: \"Rock Wit U\" - Ashanti June 5: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 9: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 10: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 11: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 12: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 16: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 17: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 18: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 19: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson June 23: \"Girls & Boys\" - Good Charlotte June 24: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 25: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 26: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z June 30: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 1: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 2: \"Miss Independent\" - Kelly Clarkson July 3: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 7: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 8: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 9: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 10: Dynamic Duos #1 Video: \"Girlfriend ( Remix )\"- 'N Sync featuring Nelly July 11: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 14: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 15: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 16: \"Crazy In Love\" - Beyoncé featuring Jay-Z July 17: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 18: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 21: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 22: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim July 23: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 24: Funniest Video #1 Video: \"Without Me\" - Eminem July 25: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 28: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit July 29: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 30: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell July 31: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 1: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 4: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 5: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 6: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 7: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 8: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 11: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 12: \"Can't Hold Us Down\" - Christina Aguilera featuring Lil' Kim August 13: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 14: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell August 15: August 18: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 19: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 20: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 21: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 26: \"P. I. M. P. ( Remix )\" - 50 Cent featuring Snoop Dogg & G-Unit August 27: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy August 28: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson August 29: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 2: \"Right Thurr\" - Chingy September 3: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 4: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 5: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 8: \"Low\" - Kelly Clarkson September 9: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 10: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 11: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 12: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 15: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul September 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 17: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 18: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 19: \"So Yesterday\" - Hilary Duff September 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 23: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 24: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 25: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 26: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 29: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast September 30: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 1: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 2: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 3: \"Senorita\" - Justin Timberlake featuring Pharrell October 6: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 7: \"Baby Boy\" - Beyoncé featuring Sean Paul October 8: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 9: \"Perfect\" - Simple Plan October 10: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 14: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 15: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 16: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 17: \"Trouble\" - P!nk October 18: \"Trouble\" - Pink October 21: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 22: \"Hey Ya\" - Outkast October 23: \"The Voice Within\" - Christina Aguilera October 27: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 28: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 29: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna October 30: \"Will You\" - P. O. D. October 31: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 3: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 4: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 5: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 6: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 7: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 11: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 12: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 13: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 14: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 17: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 18: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 19: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna November 20: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 24: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte November 25: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 1: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 2: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 3: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 4: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 5: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 8: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 10: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 11: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 December 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken December 16: \"Me Against The Music\" - Britney Spears featuring Madonna December 17: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 18: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 19: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 22: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 23: \"Me, Myself, And I\" - Beyoncé December 29: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit December 30: Song Of The Year: \"The Anthem\" - Good Charlotte January 5: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 6: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 7: \"Poppin Them Thangs\" - G-Unit January 8: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 9: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 12: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 13: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 14: \"Feeling This\" - Blink-182 January 15: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 16: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 19: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 21: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 22: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 26: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 27: \"Invisible\" - Clay Aiken January 28: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 29: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears January 30: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring Jason Weaver February 2: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 9: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 10: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 11: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 12: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 13: \"Hold On\" - Good Charlotte February 16: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 17: \"One Call Away\" - Chingy featuring J/Weav February 18: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 19: \"Sorry 2004\" - Ruben Studdard February 20: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 23: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 24: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 25: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears February 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon February 27: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 2: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 3: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 4: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 5: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 8: \"Toxic\" - Britney Spears March 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 10: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 11: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 15: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 16: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 17: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken March 18: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 22: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 23: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 24: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 25: \"My Band\" - D12 March 26: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 29: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 30: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon March 31: \"My Band\" - D12 April 1: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 5: \"Naughty Girl\" - Beyoncé April 6: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 7: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 8: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 9: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 12: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 13: \"Yeah\" - Usher featuring Ludacris & Lil' Jon April 14: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 15: \"The Way\" - Clay Aiken April 16: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 19: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 20: \"Roses\" - Outkast April 21: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 22: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 23: \"My Band\" - D12 April 26: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears April 27: \"My Band\" - D12 April 28: \"My Band\" - D12 April 29: \"Everytime\" - Britney Spears May 3: \"My Band\" - D12 May 4: \"My Band\" - D12 May 5: \"My Band\" - D12 May 6: \"My Band\" - D12 May 7: \"My Band\" - D12 May 10: \"My Band\" - D12 May 11: \"My Band\" - D12 May 17: \"My Band\" - D12 May 18: \"Burn\" - Usher May 19: \"Burn\" - Usher May 20: \"Burn\" - Usher May 21: \"Burn\" - Usher May 24: \"My Band\" - D12 May 25: \"Burn\" - Usher May 26: \"Burn\" - Usher May 27: \"My Band\" - D12 May 28: \"My Band\" - D12 May 31: Summer Anthems #1 Video: \"Hot In Herre\" - Nelly June 1: \"Burn\" - Usher June 2: \"Burn\" - Usher June 3: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 4: \"My Band\" - D12 June 7: \"My Band\" - D12 June 8: \"Burn\" - Usher June 9: \"All Downhill From Here\" - New Found Glory June 10: Cross Country Countdown #1 Video: \"Forgot About Dre\" - Dr. Dre featuring Eminem June 11: \"Burn\" - Usher June 14: \"Burn\" - Usher June 15: \"How Come\" - D12 June 16: \"How Come\" - D12 June 17: \"How Come\" - D12 June 18: \"How Come\" - D12 June 21: \"How Come\" - D12 June 22: \"How Come\" - D12 June 23: \"Leave (Get Out)\" - JoJo June 24: \"How Come\" - D12 June 25: \"How Come\" - D12 June 28: \"Leave ( Get Out )\" - JoJo June 29: \"How Come\" - D12 June 30: \"Confessions Pt.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" (pronounced \"Yeah three times\" or \"Yeah Yeah Yeah\"; sometimes stylized as \"Yeah 3X\") is a song by American recording artist Chris Brown, released as the lead single from his fourth studio album \"F.A.M.E.\"", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ on October 25, 2010.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ It was written by Brown, DJ Frank E, Kevin McCall, Amber Streeter and Calvin Harris, and was produced by DJ Frank E. Brown recorded the song for his pop audience as he had been doing a lot of mixtapes and urban records.", "Yeah 3x __knowledge__ \"Yeah 3x\" is an uptempo dance-pop, Europop, and electro house song; it uses a video game-type beat and features a thick bassline and big synth chords.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ \"Oh Yeah\" is a single released in 1985 by the Swiss band Yello and featured on their album \"Stella\".", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ The song features a mix of electronic music and manipulated vocals.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ The song gained popularity after being featured in the films \"Ferris Bueller's Day Off\" and \"The Secret of My Success\", among other films.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ It has become an iconic anthem of the 1980s, and used to metaphorically represent lust (in various forms) and cocaine.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ It is a popular staple in movies, television and commercials.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ Its 1987 re-released version features the extra lyrics: \"such a good time / a really good time\".", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ Describing the composition of \"Oh Yeah,\" Blank said, \"First I did the music and then I invited Dieter to sing along, and he came up with some lines which I thought, 'no Dieter, it's too complicated, we don't need that many lyrics'.", "What Goes Around... Comes Around __knowledge__ \"What Goes Around.../...Comes Around (Interlude)\" is a song recorded by American singer and songwriter Justin Timberlake for his second studio album, \"FutureSex/LoveSounds\" (2006).", "What Goes Around... Comes Around __knowledge__ It was written and produced by Timberlake, Timbaland, and Danja.", "What Goes Around... Comes Around __knowledge__ The song was said by Timberlake to be about betrayal and forgiveness, and was described by some music critics as a \"sequel\" to his 2002 single \"Cry Me a River\".", "What Goes Around... Comes Around __knowledge__ The song received generally positive reviews from music critics.", "What Goes Around... Comes Around __knowledge__ The song was retitled \"What Goes Around... Comes Around\" for its December 19, 2006, release as the third single from \"FutureSex/LoveSounds\".", "List of Halloween characters __knowledge__ The following are fictional characters in the American \"Halloween\" film series.", "List of Halloween characters __knowledge__ Appears in \"\" Alan \"Big Al\" Gateway (Michael Ruud) lost his son, who was killed by Michael Myers, on October 31, 1978.", "List of Halloween characters __knowledge__ When he hears on a news station that Michael Myers has returned, he attempts to kill him for revenge.", "List of Halloween characters __knowledge__ He, his brother Orrin, his friend Earl and other local men band together and try to locate Michael so that they can kill him.", "List of Halloween characters __knowledge__ However, he is attacked and murdered by Michael, who stabs him in the central area of his stomach when he fights against him on the back of a pick up truck.", "List of Halloween characters __knowledge__ Appears in: \"Halloween II\" (1981) Alice Martin (Anne Bruner) is a supporting character in the second \"Halloween\" film.", "Halloween costume __knowledge__ Halloween costumes are costumes worn on or around Halloween, a festival which falls on October 31.", "Halloween costume __knowledge__ An early reference to wearing costumes at Halloween comes from Scotland in 1585, but they may pre-date this.", "Halloween costume __knowledge__ There are many references to the custom during the 18th and 19th centuries in the Celtic countries of Scotland, Ireland, Mann and Wales.", "Halloween costume __knowledge__ It has been suggested that the custom comes from the Celtic festivals of Samhain and Calan Gaeaf, or from the practise of \"souling\" during the Christian observance of Allhallowtide.", "Halloween costume __knowledge__ Wearing costumes and mumming has long been associated with festivals at other times of the year, such as on Christmas.", "FutureSex/LoveSounds __knowledge__ FutureSex/LoveSounds is the second studio album by American singer-songwriter Justin Timberlake.", "FutureSex/LoveSounds __knowledge__ It was released on September 8, 2006 by Jive Records and its affiliated label of the Zomba Group of Companies.", "FutureSex/LoveSounds __knowledge__ During a two-year hiatus, Timberlake resolved his feelings on being unable to record any new material, and as he returned to record some new music, he began collaborating with his longtime record producer Timbaland, alongside the latter's colleague Danja.", "FutureSex/LoveSounds __knowledge__ The album's contents were produced at Timbaland's Thomas Crown Studios.", "FutureSex/LoveSounds __knowledge__ The album shares some lyrical themes with Timberlake's debut album \"Justified\" (2002), although \"FutureSex/LoveSounds\" has more diversity in music genres.", "List of MÄR characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters in the \"MÄR\" series developed and designed by Nobuyuki Anzai.", "List of MÄR characters __knowledge__ (虎水ギンタ \"Toramizu Ginta\") (バッボ) Babbo is a unique ÄRM that was first wielded by Phantom and is later wielded by Ginta.", "List of MÄR characters __knowledge__ He resembles a metal kendama.", "List of MÄR characters __knowledge__ He contained the soul of the previous Elder of Caldia.", "List of MÄR characters __knowledge__ Babbo has many forms: (スノウ, \"Sunou\") Snow who was on the run from her step mother with her servant and good friend Ed.", "List of MÄR characters __knowledge__ People were told by the queen to kill her.", "List of MÄR characters __knowledge__ Much later they find an abandoned castle.", "List of MÄR characters __knowledge__ As they explore it Snow decided to seal herself away in ice.", "List of MÄR characters __knowledge__ Ed tried to convince her to not seal herself, but Snow reminded him about the fact of the people after her and told him to run.", "She Still Comes Around __knowledge__ She Still Comes Around (To Love What's Left of Me) is an album by Jerry Lee Lewis.", "She Still Comes Around __knowledge__ It was released on Smash Records in 1969.", "She Still Comes Around __knowledge__ After leaving Sun Records for Smash in 1963, Lewis had scored only a few minor hits and, unhappy with the label's lack of enthusiasm for his recordings, appeared content to wait out the remainder of his contract.", "She Still Comes Around __knowledge__ However, the surprise success of \"Another Place, Another Time\" and \"She Still Comes Around (To Love What's Left Of Me)\" sparked new interest in the rock and roll legend, something he was quick to capitalize on after a decade in the commercial wilderness.", "She Still Comes Around __knowledge__ As country music historian Colin Escott recounts in his essay for the 1986 Bear Family retrospective \"The Killer: The Smash/Mercury Years\", \"Jerry was holding the trump card; his third straight country hit 'She Still Comes Around,' was rapidly climbing the best sellers charts...Jerry was to receive a basic royalty rate of 7% of the suggested list price of all singles, tapes and albums." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Halloween __knowledge__ Halloween or Hallowe'en (a contraction of All Hallows' Evening), also known as Allhalloween, All Hallows' Eve, or All Saints' Eve, is a celebration observed in a number of countries on 31 October, the eve of the Western Christian feast of All Hallows' Day.", "Halloween __knowledge__ It begins the three-day observance of Allhallowtide, the time in the liturgical year dedicated to remembering the dead, including saints (hallows), martyrs, and all the faithful departed.", "Halloween __knowledge__ It is widely believed that many Halloween traditions originated from ancient Celtic harvest festivals, particularly the Gaelic festival Samhain; that such festivals may have had pagan roots; and that Samhain itself was Christianized as Halloween by the early Church.", "Halloween __knowledge__ Some believe, however, that Halloween began solely as a Christian holiday, separate from ancient festivals like Samhain.", "Halloween __knowledge__ Halloween activities include trick-or-treating (or the related guising), attending Halloween costume parties, carving pumpkins into jack-o'-lanterns, lighting bonfires, apple bobbing, divination games, playing pranks, visiting haunted attractions, telling scary stories, and watching horror films.", "Halloween __knowledge__ In many parts of the world, the Christian religious observances of All Hallows' Eve, including attending church services and lighting candles on the graves of the dead, remain popular, although elsewhere it is a more commercial and secular celebration.", "Scary Movie (film series) __knowledge__ Scary Movie is a series of American horror comedy parody films created by Keenen Ivory Wayans with his younger brothers, Shawn Wayans and Marlon Wayans, that mainly specialize in parodying horror films, which have collectively grossed over $895 million at the box-office worldwide.", "Scary Movie (film series) __knowledge__ The two main recurring actors of the first four installments were Anna Faris and Regina Hall as Cindy Campbell and Brenda Meeks, joined by new or recurring actors and characters.", "Scary Movie (film series) __knowledge__ The franchise was developed by The Wayans Brothers, who wrote and directed the first two films before leaving the franchise.", "Scary Movie (film series) __knowledge__ Their entries were produced by Dimension Films and distributed by two different studios: Miramax Films, as it was originally the studio's genre film label during executive producers Bob and Harvey Weinstein's run and produced the first three films, and The Weinstein Company—the brothers' subsequently formed studio—which produced the rest of the series' release after the Weinsteins departed Miramax and took the Dimension label with them.", "Scary Movie 5 __knowledge__ Scary Movie 5 is a 2013 American horror comedy film and the fifth installment in the \"Scary Movie\" franchise.", "Scary Movie 5 __knowledge__ It is the second film to be distributed by The Weinstein Company under the Dimension Films brand.", "Scary Movie 5 __knowledge__ The film is directed by Malcolm D. Lee and written by David Zucker.", "Scary Movie 5 __knowledge__ It was released on April 12, 2013.", "Scary Movie 5 __knowledge__ \"Scary Movie 5\" is the only installment of the franchise not to feature Cindy Campbell (played by Anna Faris) or Brenda Meeks (Regina Hall) (due to the end of their storyline).", "Scary Movie 5 __knowledge__ It premiered on April 11, at the Hollywood’s ArcLight Cinerama Dome.", "Scary Movie 5 __knowledge__ The film parodies various horror films and other popular culture.", "Scream (1996 film) __knowledge__ Scream is a 1996 American slasher film directed by Wes Craven and written by Kevin Williamson.", "Scream (1996 film) __knowledge__ The film stars David Arquette, Neve Campbell, Courteney Cox, Matthew Lillard, Rose McGowan, Skeet Ulrich, and Drew Barrymore.", "Scream (1996 film) __knowledge__ Released on December 20, 1996, \"Scream\" follows the character of Sidney Prescott (Campbell), a high school student in the fictional town of Woodsboro, California, who becomes the target of a mysterious killer known as Ghostface.", "Scream (1996 film) __knowledge__ The film combined black comedy and \"whodunit\" mystery with the violence of the slasher genre to satirize the clichés of the horror film genre popularized in films such as \"Halloween\" and \"Friday the 13th\".", "Scary Movie __knowledge__ Scary Movie is a 2000 American horror comedy film directed by Keenen Ivory Wayans.", "Scary Movie __knowledge__ The film is a parody of the horror, slasher, and mystery film genres.", "Scary Movie __knowledge__ Several mid- and late-'90s films and TV shows are spoofed, and the script is primarily based on the '90s hit horror films \"Scream\" (1996) and \"I Know What You Did Last Summer\" (1997).", "Scary Movie __knowledge__ The film was originally titled \"\"Last Summer I Screamed Because Halloween Fell on Friday the 13th\"\", but was changed to \"Scary Movie\" in homage to the production title of \"Scream\", which was also released through Dimension Films.", "Scary Movie __knowledge__ The first in the \"Scary Movie\" film series, it was followed by four sequels: \"Scary Movie 2\" (2001), \"Scary Movie 3\" (2003), \"Scary Movie 4\" (2006), and \"Scary Movie 5\" (2013).", "Scary Movie 4 __knowledge__ Scary Movie 4 is a 2006 American horror comedy film and the fourth film in the \"Scary Movie\" franchise, as well as the first film in the franchise to be released under The Weinstein Company banner since the purchase of Dimension Films.", "Scary Movie 4 __knowledge__ It was directed by David Zucker, written by Jim Abrahams, Craig Mazin, and Pat Proft, and produced by Robert K. Weiss and Craig Mazin.", "Scary Movie 4 __knowledge__ The film marks the final franchise appearances of the main stars, Anna Faris and Regina Hall (who portray Cindy and Brenda, respectively), and concludes the original story arc.", "Scary Movie 4 __knowledge__ This was initially intended to be the final film in the \"Scary Movie\" franchise, until \"Scary Movie 5\" was released by The Weinstein Company on April 12, 2013, in a different storyline, with Simon Rex, Charlie Sheen, and Molly Shannon in different roles.", "Anna Faris __knowledge__ Anna Kay Faris (; born November 29, 1976) is an American actress, producer, model, comedian, author and occasional singer.", "Anna Faris __knowledge__ Raised north of Seattle, Washington, Faris was active in theater as a child, performing with the Seattle Repertory Theater at age nine.", "Anna Faris __knowledge__ After graduating from college, Faris relocated to Los Angeles to pursue a career in acting.", "Anna Faris __knowledge__ She rose to prominence for her work in comedic roles, particularly the lead part of Cindy Campbell in the Wayans Brothers' \"Scary Movie\" films.", "Anna Faris __knowledge__ She became a recurring character on the TV sitcom \"Friends\" during its last season in 2004.", "Anna Faris __knowledge__ During the early to mid-2000s, she played supporting roles in dramatic pictures such as \"Lost in Translation\" (2003) and \"Brokeback Mountain\" (2005), and appeared in various comedies, including \"The Hot Chick\" (2002), \"Waiting...\" (2005), \"Just Friends\" (2005), and \"My Super Ex-Girlfriend\" (2006).", "Cindy Campbell __knowledge__ Cindy Campbell is a fictional character from the \"Scary Movie\" franchise.", "Cindy Campbell __knowledge__ Portrayed by Anna Faris and created by Shawn Wayans, Marlon Wayans, Buddy Johnson, Phil Beauman, Jason Friedberg and Aaron Seltzer, the character first appeared in \"Scary Movie\" (2000).", "Cindy Campbell __knowledge__ In the film, whose main parodies are the \"Scream\" and \"I Know What You Did Last Summer\" franchise, Cindy shares a role similar to Sidney Prescott and Julie James.", "Cindy Campbell __knowledge__ Faris would reprise her role of Cindy in the films sequels.", "Cindy Campbell __knowledge__ In \"Scary Movie 2\", Cindy is attending college and with her friends, goes to Hell House for Professor Oldman's experiment.", "Harvest festival __knowledge__ A harvest festival is an annual celebration that occurs around the time of the main harvest of a given region.", "Harvest festival __knowledge__ Given the differences in climate and crops around the world, harvest festivals can be found at various times at different places.", "Harvest festival __knowledge__ Harvest festivals typically feature feasting, both family and public, with foods that are drawn from crops that come to maturity around the time of the festival.", "Harvest festival __knowledge__ Ample food and freedom from the necessity to work in the fields are two central features of harvest festivals: eating, merriment, contests, music and romance are common features of harvest festivals around the world.", "List of Halloween characters __knowledge__ The following are fictional characters in the American \"Halloween\" film series.", "List of Halloween characters __knowledge__ Appears in \"\" Alan \"Big Al\" Gateway (Michael Ruud) lost his son, who was killed by Michael Myers, on October 31, 1978.", "List of Halloween characters __knowledge__ When he hears on a news station that Michael Myers has returned, he attempts to kill him for revenge.", "List of Halloween characters __knowledge__ He, his brother Orrin, his friend Earl and other local men band together and try to locate Michael so that they can kill him.", "List of Halloween characters __knowledge__ However, he is attacked and murdered by Michael, who stabs him in the central area of his stomach when he fights against him on the back of a pick up truck.", "List of Halloween characters __knowledge__ Appears in: \"Halloween II\" (1981) Alice Martin (Anne Bruner) is a supporting character in the second \"Halloween\" film.", "Samhain __knowledge__ Samhain (; ) is a Gaelic festival marking the end of the harvest season and the beginning of winter or the \"darker half\" of the year.", "Samhain __knowledge__ Traditionally, it is celebrated from 31 October to 1 November, as the Celtic day began and ended at sunset.", "Samhain __knowledge__ This is about halfway between the autumn equinox and the winter solstice.", "Samhain __knowledge__ It is one of the four Gaelic seasonal festivals, along with Imbolc, Bealtaine and Lughnasadh.", "Samhain __knowledge__ Historically, it was widely observed throughout Ireland, Scotland and the Isle of Man.", "Samhain __knowledge__ Similar festivals are held at the same time of year in other Celtic lands; for example the Brythonic Calan Gaeaf (in Wales), Kalan Gwav (in Cornwall), and Kalan Goañv (in Brittany).", "Celts (modern) __knowledge__ A modern Celtic identity emerged in Western Europe following the identification of the native peoples of the Atlantic fringe as Celts by Edward Lhuyd in the 18th century.", "Celts (modern) __knowledge__ Lhuyd and others equated the Celts described by Greco-Roman writers with the pre-Roman peoples of France, Great Britain and Ireland.", "Celts (modern) __knowledge__ The Irish and ancient British languages were thus Celtic languages.", "Celts (modern) __knowledge__ The descendants of these languages were the Brittonic (Breton, Cornish and Welsh variants) and Gaelic (Irish, Manx and Scottish variants) languages.", "Celts (modern) __knowledge__ These peoples were therefore modern Celts.", "Celts (modern) __knowledge__ Attempts were made to link their distinctive cultures to those of the Ancient Celtic people.", "Halloween costume __knowledge__ Halloween costumes are costumes worn on or around Halloween, a festival which falls on October 31.", "Halloween costume __knowledge__ An early reference to wearing costumes at Halloween comes from Scotland in 1585, but they may pre-date this.", "Halloween costume __knowledge__ There are many references to the custom during the 18th and 19th centuries in the Celtic countries of Scotland, Ireland, Mann and Wales.", "Halloween costume __knowledge__ It has been suggested that the custom comes from the Celtic festivals of Samhain and Calan Gaeaf, or from the practise of \"souling\" during the Christian observance of Allhallowtide.", "Halloween costume __knowledge__ Wearing costumes and mumming has long been associated with festivals at other times of the year, such as on Christmas.", "Carnival __knowledge__ Carnival (see other spellings and names) is a Western Christian festive season that occurs before the liturgical season of Lent.", "Carnival __knowledge__ The main events typically occur during February or early March, during the period historically known as Shrovetide (or Pre-Lent).", "Carnival __knowledge__ Carnival typically involves a public celebration or parade combining some elements of a circus, masks, and a public street party.", "Carnival __knowledge__ People wear masks and costumes during many such celebrations, allowing them to lose their everyday individuality and experience a heightened sense of social unity.", "Carnival __knowledge__ Excessive consumption of alcohol, meat, and other foods proscribed during Lent is extremely common." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Halloween __knowledge__ Halloween or Hallowe'en (a contraction of All Hallows' Evening), also known as Allhalloween, All Hallows' Eve, or All Saints' Eve, is a celebration observed in a number of countries on 31 October, the eve of the Western Christian feast of All Hallows' Day.", "Halloween __knowledge__ It begins the three-day observance of Allhallowtide, the time in the liturgical year dedicated to remembering the dead, including saints (hallows), martyrs, and all the faithful departed.", "Halloween __knowledge__ It is widely believed that many Halloween traditions originated from ancient Celtic harvest festivals, particularly the Gaelic festival Samhain; that such festivals may have had pagan roots; and that Samhain itself was Christianized as Halloween by the early Church.", "Halloween __knowledge__ Some believe, however, that Halloween began solely as a Christian holiday, separate from ancient festivals like Samhain.", "Halloween __knowledge__ Halloween activities include trick-or-treating (or the related guising), attending Halloween costume parties, carving pumpkins into jack-o'-lanterns, lighting bonfires, apple bobbing, divination games, playing pranks, visiting haunted attractions, telling scary stories, and watching horror films.", "Halloween __knowledge__ In many parts of the world, the Christian religious observances of All Hallows' Eve, including attending church services and lighting candles on the graves of the dead, remain popular, although elsewhere it is a more commercial and secular celebration.", "3:16AM __knowledge__ \"3:16AM\" is a song by American singer-songwriter Jhene Aiko, taken from her debut extended play, \"Sail Out\" (2013).", "3:16AM __knowledge__ Following the release of Aiko's debut mixtape \"Sailing Soul(s)\" (2011), Aiko signed a record deal with Artium records where she began work on her debut album.", "3:16AM __knowledge__ The song was release for digital download on September 4, 2014, through ARTium record and Def Jam Recordings.", "3:16AM __knowledge__ The song was written by Aiko herself, along with her frequent collaborators Mac Robinson and Brian Warfield while the latter two handled the song's production under their production name Fisticuffs.", "3:16AM __knowledge__ The songs accompanying music video was released on 10 August 2012 and was directed by Topshelf Jr. who had previously worked with Aiko, the video depicts Aiko in \"troubling scenes\" set in dimly lit rooms, woods and highways.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness.", "Sci-Fi Dine-In Theater Restaurant __knowledge__ The Sci-Fi Dine-In Theater Restaurant is a theme restaurant at Disney's Hollywood Studios, one of the four main theme parks at Walt Disney World in Bay Lake, Florida, United States.", "Sci-Fi Dine-In Theater Restaurant __knowledge__ Established in May 1991, the restaurant is modeled after a 1950s drive-in theater.", "Sci-Fi Dine-In Theater Restaurant __knowledge__ Walt Disney Imagineering designed the booths to resemble convertibles of the period, and some servers act as carhops while wearing roller skates.", "Sci-Fi Dine-In Theater Restaurant __knowledge__ While eating, guests watch a large projection screen displaying film clips from such 1950s and 1960s films as \"Frankenstein Meets the Space Monster\", \"Plan 9 from Outer Space\", and \"Attack of the 50 Foot Woman\".", "Scream (1996 film) __knowledge__ Scream is a 1996 American slasher film directed by Wes Craven and written by Kevin Williamson.", "Scream (1996 film) __knowledge__ The film stars David Arquette, Neve Campbell, Courteney Cox, Matthew Lillard, Rose McGowan, Skeet Ulrich, and Drew Barrymore.", "Scream (1996 film) __knowledge__ Released on December 20, 1996, \"Scream\" follows the character of Sidney Prescott (Campbell), a high school student in the fictional town of Woodsboro, California, who becomes the target of a mysterious killer known as Ghostface.", "Scream (1996 film) __knowledge__ The film combined black comedy and \"whodunit\" mystery with the violence of the slasher genre to satirize the clichés of the horror film genre popularized in films such as \"Halloween\" and \"Friday the 13th\".", "Nuttin' to Do __knowledge__ \"Nuttin' to Do\" / \"Scary Movies\" is the first single by hip hop duo Bad Meets Evil, composed of Detroit rappers Eminem and Royce da 5'9\", released on October 1, 1999 by Game Recordings.", "Nuttin' to Do __knowledge__ A year later, Bad Meets Evil would break up and Eminem would go on to work with D12 and Royce Da 5'9\" would work on solo projects.", "Nuttin' to Do __knowledge__ Royce took \"Nuttin' to Do\" for his album \"Build and Destroy\", and he also featured the sequel to \"Scary Movies\" as a solo song on it called \"Scary Movies (The Sequel)\".", "Nuttin' to Do __knowledge__ \"Scary Movies\" was also featured on the soundtrack to the 2000 film \"Scary Movie\".", "Nuttin' to Do __knowledge__ This track listing is confirmed by iTunes.", "Creature Features __knowledge__ Creature Features was a generic title for a genre of horror TV format shows broadcast on local U.S. television stations throughout the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s.", "Creature Features __knowledge__ The movies broadcast on the various shows were generally classic and cult horror movies of the 1930s to 1950s, the horror and science-fiction films of the 1950s, British horror films of the 1960s, and the Japanese \"giant monster\" movies of the 1960s and 1970s.", "Creature Features __knowledge__ \"Creature Features\" normally showed all the classic Universal Horror movies from the 1930s and 1940s, like \"Dracula\", \"Frankenstein\" and others.", "Creature Features __knowledge__ Plus several old RKO films like \"King Kong\", \"Son of Kong\", and the original \"Mighty Joe Young\".", "Bad Meets Evil __knowledge__ Bad Meets Evil is an American hip hop duo composed of Detroit-based rappers, Royce da 5'9\" (Bad) and Eminem (Evil).", "Bad Meets Evil __knowledge__ Bad Meets Evil was formed in 1999, thanks to the duo's mutual friend, Proof.", "Bad Meets Evil __knowledge__ Their discography consists of one extended play (EP) and four singles.", "Bad Meets Evil __knowledge__ In 1999, the duo released a double non-album single, \"Nuttin' to Do\" and \"Scary Movies\"; the former peaked at 36 on the Hot Rap Songs chart, while the latter peaked at 63 on the UK Singles Chart, and was featured on the soundtrack of the 2000 horror comedy parody film \"Scary Movie\".", "Bad Meets Evil __knowledge__ The duo broke up after a feud between Royce and the members of Eminem's group D12.", "In Living Color __knowledge__ In Living Color is an American sketch comedy television series that originally ran on Fox from April 15, 1990, to May 19, 1994.", "In Living Color __knowledge__ Brothers Keenen and Damon Wayans created, wrote and starred in the program.", "In Living Color __knowledge__ The show was produced by Ivory Way Productions in association with 20th Century Fox Television and was taped at stage 7 at the Fox Television Center on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood, California.", "In Living Color __knowledge__ The title of the series was inspired by the NBC announcement of broadcasts being presented \"in living color\" during the 1960s, prior to mainstream color television.", "In Living Color __knowledge__ It also refers to the fact that most of the show's cast were black, unlike other sketch comedy shows such as \"Saturday Night Live\" whose casts are mostly white.", "Keenen Ivory Wayans __knowledge__ Keenen Ivory Wayans, Sr. (born June 8, 1958) is an American actor, comedian, filmmaker, and a member of the Wayans Family of entertainers.", "Keenen Ivory Wayans __knowledge__ He first came to prominence as the host and co-creator of the 1990–1994 Fox sketch comedy series \"In Living Color\".", "Keenen Ivory Wayans __knowledge__ He has produced, directed and/or written a large number of films, starting with \"Hollywood Shuffle\", which he co-wrote, in 1987.", "Keenen Ivory Wayans __knowledge__ A majority of these films have included him and one or more of his brothers and sisters in the cast.", "Keenen Ivory Wayans __knowledge__ One of these films, \"Scary Movie\" (2000), which Wayans directed, was the highest-grossing movie ever directed by an African American until it was surpassed by Tim Story's \"Fantastic Four\" in 2005.", "Scary Movie 2 __knowledge__ Scary Movie 2 is a 2001 American horror comedy film and the second film in the \"Scary Movie\" franchise.", "Scary Movie 2 __knowledge__ The film stars Anna Faris, Regina Hall, Shawn Wayans, and Marlon Wayans (all reprising their roles from the first film, despite their characters having been killed off), as well as Tim Curry, Tori Spelling, Chris Elliott, Chris Masterson, Kathleen Robertson, David Cross, and James Woods.", "Scary Movie 2 __knowledge__ Where the original film was mainly based on the slasher films of the '90s, \"Scary Movie 2\" parodies an array of supernatural and haunted house films from various decades, including \"The Haunting\" (1999), \"The Exorcist\" (1973), \"The Amityville Horror\" (1979), \"Poltergeist\" (1982), \"The Legend of Hell House\" (1973), \"House on Haunted Hill\" (both the 1959 and 1999 versions), and \"The Changeling\" (1980).", "I'm Gonna Git You Sucka __knowledge__ I'm Gonna Git You Sucka is a 1988 American action comedy parody film of blaxploitation films written, directed by, and starring Keenen Ivory Wayans in his feature film directorial debut.", "I'm Gonna Git You Sucka __knowledge__ Featured in the film are several noteworthy African-American actors who were part of the genre of blaxploitation: Jim Brown, Bernie Casey, Antonio Fargas, and Isaac Hayes.", "I'm Gonna Git You Sucka __knowledge__ Other actors in the film are Kadeem Hardison, Ja'net Dubois, John Witherspoon, Damon Wayans, Clarence Williams III, and Chris Rock.", "I'm Gonna Git You Sucka __knowledge__ The film's main villain, \"Mr. Big\", was played by John Vernon.", "I'm Gonna Git You Sucka __knowledge__ In the film, Vernon states about his role as \"Mr. Big\" that while he might seem to be \"above playing an exploitation villain\", many others (including Angie Dickinson, Jamie Lee Curtis, and Shelley Winters) have taken on similar roles.", "The Glimmer Man __knowledge__ The Glimmer Man is a 1996 American action film directed by John Gray, and produced by Steven Seagal, who also starred in the film.", "The Glimmer Man __knowledge__ The film also co-stars Keenen Ivory Wayans, Bob Gunton and Brian Cox.", "The Glimmer Man __knowledge__ The film was released in the United States on October 4, 1996.", "The Glimmer Man __knowledge__ Seagal plays Jack Cole, a former government intelligence operative known as \"The Glimmer Man\", because he could move so quickly and quietly through the jungle that his victims would only see a glimmer before they died.", "The Glimmer Man __knowledge__ He now works as a detective with the Los Angeles Police Department.", "The Glimmer Man __knowledge__ Wayans co-stars as Cole's partner Detective Jim Campbell.", "Craig Wayans __knowledge__ Craig Mikel Wayans (born March 27, 1976) is an American writer, television producer, and actor.", "Craig Wayans __knowledge__ He is the nephew of Keenen Ivory Wayans, Damon Wayans, Sr., Kim Wayans, Shawn Wayans and Marlon Wayans.", "Craig Wayans __knowledge__ Craig was born in New York City, New York to Diedre Wayans, sister to Keenen Ivory Wayans, Damon Wayans, Sr., Kim Wayans, Shawn Wayans and Marlon Wayans.", "Craig Wayans __knowledge__ He worked as production assistant on his uncle Damon's film, \"Major Payne\".", "Craig Wayans __knowledge__ He helped write the script for \"Scary Movie 2\".", "Craig Wayans __knowledge__ He has also appeared in bit parts in \"Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in the Hood\" (1996) and \"The Sixth Man\" (1997).", "Scary Movie __knowledge__ Scary Movie is a 2000 American horror comedy film directed by Keenen Ivory Wayans.", "Scary Movie __knowledge__ The film is a parody of the horror, slasher, and mystery film genres.", "Scary Movie __knowledge__ Several mid- and late-'90s films and TV shows are spoofed, and the script is primarily based on the '90s hit horror films \"Scream\" (1996) and \"I Know What You Did Last Summer\" (1997).", "Scary Movie __knowledge__ The film was originally titled \"\"Last Summer I Screamed Because Halloween Fell on Friday the 13th\"\", but was changed to \"Scary Movie\" in homage to the production title of \"Scream\", which was also released through Dimension Films.", "Scary Movie __knowledge__ The first in the \"Scary Movie\" film series, it was followed by four sequels: \"Scary Movie 2\" (2001), \"Scary Movie 3\" (2003), \"Scary Movie 4\" (2006), and \"Scary Movie 5\" (2013)." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 22, 0 ]

[ "I love it when Halloween comes around on the on 31st of October, also known as Allhalloween. How about you?", "Me too, I like the parties and the costumes. Halloween actually originated from the ancient Celtic harvest festivals", "I like the 2000 horror satire called \"Scary Movies\" by Keenen Ivory Wayans. How about you, whats yours?", "I like sci-fi's also but I would consider \"Alien's\" to be a scary movie also." ]

[ "Halloween", "Halloween", "Halloween", "Halloween" ]

[ "Netflix\nHi. I like my netflix account. What do you think about them?", "Wow! Really? I'm kind of a geek, but I really enjoy documentaries. haha and murder shows.", "really? I might need to take a look, I watched stranger things on Netflix. I also liked Once upon a time", "I know that is pretty awesome. I basically use it for all our TV's. We got rid of cable.", "I think that too...but some of my family members have to have something with \"more sports\" haha" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix is an American entertainment company founded by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph on August 29, 1997, in Scotts Valley, California.", "Netflix __knowledge__ It specializes in and provides streaming media and video-on-demand online and DVD by mail.", "Netflix __knowledge__ In 2013, Netflix expanded into film and television production as well as online distribution.", "Netflix __knowledge__ It is headquartered in Los Gatos, California.", "Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix's initial business model included DVD sales and rental, although Hastings jettisoned DVD sales about a year after Netflix's founding to focus on the DVD rental by mail business.", "Netflix __knowledge__ In 2007, Netflix expanded its business with the introduction of streaming media, while retaining the DVD and Blu-ray rental service.", "Netflix __knowledge__ The company expanded internationally, with streaming made available to Canada in 2010 and continued growing its streaming service from there; by January 2016, Netflix services operated in over 190 countries.", "Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix entered the content-production industry in 2013, debuting its first series, \"House of Cards\".", "Netflix __knowledge__ It has greatly expanded the production of both film and television series since then, offering \"Netflix Original\" content through its online library of films and television.", "Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix released an estimated 126 original series or films in 2016, more than any other network or cable channel.", "List of Netflix-compatible devices __knowledge__ Netflix is an American global provider of streaming movies and TV series.", "List of Netflix-compatible devices __knowledge__ This is a list of devices that are compatible with Netflix streaming services.", "List of Netflix-compatible devices __knowledge__ The devices featured in this list feature hardware that is compatible for streaming Netflix: Supported web browsers by platform: Other software options: At E3 2008, Microsoft announced a deal to distribute Netflix videos over Xbox Live.", "List of Netflix-compatible devices __knowledge__ This service was launched on November 19, 2008 to Xbox 360 owners with a Netflix Unlimited subscription and an Xbox Live Gold subscription allowing them to stream films and television shows directly from their Netflix Instant Queue from an application on the Dashboard.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ Hi-5 are an Australian children's musical group formed in 1998, who are associated with the children's television series of the same name.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ As of December 2016, the members are Lachie Dearing, Courtney Clarke, Shay Clifford, Joe Kalou and Bailey Spalding.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The group is aimed at preschoolers, composed of five performers who entertain and educate children through music, movement and play.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ \"Hi-5\" was created by Helena Harris and Posie Graeme-Evans, initially a television series for the Nine Network, which premiered in 1999.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The cast of the show became a recognised musical group for children.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The original members were Kellie Crawford, Kathleen de Leon Jones, Nathan Foley, Tim Harding and Charli Robinson.", "Legal issues and controversies surrounding Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix is an American global provider of streaming films and television series.", "Legal issues and controversies surrounding Netflix __knowledge__ Since its launch in 1998, it has been at the centre of numerous legal issues and controversies.", "Legal issues and controversies surrounding Netflix __knowledge__ In 2006, Netflix held the first Netflix Prize competition to find a better program to predict user preferences and beat its existing Netflix movie recommendation system, known as Cinematch, by at least 10%.", "Legal issues and controversies surrounding Netflix __knowledge__ CEO Hastings did not necessarily expect a lot of quick progress towards the prize, \"We thought we built the best darn thing ever.\"", "Legal issues and controversies surrounding Netflix __knowledge__ But by June 2007, Hastings said the competition is \"three-quarters of the way there in three-quarters of a year.\"", "The Defenders (miniseries) __knowledge__ Marvel's The Defenders, or simply The Defenders, is an American web television miniseries created by Douglas Petrie and Marco Ramirez for Netflix, based on the Marvel Comics characters Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Luke Cage and Iron Fist, who form the eponymous superhero team.", "The Defenders (miniseries) __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films of the franchise and is the culmination of a series of interconnected shows from Marvel and Netflix.", "The Defenders (miniseries) __knowledge__ The miniseries is produced by Marvel Television in association with ABC Studios, Nine and a Half Fingers, Inc., and Goddard Textiles, with Ramirez serving as showrunner.", "Can't Get a Date __knowledge__ Can't Get a Date is a documentary-style reality show on VH1 and Logo.", "Can't Get a Date __knowledge__ The show takes a variety of subjects from New York City who feel that they have personal issues that are holding them back from finding romance.", "Can't Get a Date __knowledge__ An anonymous host, producer Stefan Springman, guides them through lifestyle changes - physical, emotional, and behavioral - to help them improve themselves and ultimately be more \"dateable\".", "Can't Get a Date __knowledge__ As VH1 states on its website, \"Can't Get a Date\" \"explores the problems of such people and teaches them the skills to find love in an honest, amusing and unique way\".", "Can't Get a Date __knowledge__ The working title of the program was \"Crushed Out\" and was co-created by Stefan Springman, Toby Barraud & Manny Kivowitz.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is an American media franchise and shared universe that is centered on a series of superhero films, independently produced by Marvel Studios and based on characters that appear in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The franchise has expanded to include comic books, short films, television series, and digital series.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The shared universe, much like the original Marvel Universe in comic books, was established by crossing over common plot elements, settings, cast, and characters.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Phil Coulson, portrayed by Clark Gregg, is an original character to the MCU and the only character to appear across all the different media of the MCU." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix is an American entertainment company founded by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph on August 29, 1997, in Scotts Valley, California.", "Netflix __knowledge__ It specializes in and provides streaming media and video-on-demand online and DVD by mail.", "Netflix __knowledge__ In 2013, Netflix expanded into film and television production as well as online distribution.", "Netflix __knowledge__ It is headquartered in Los Gatos, California.", "Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix's initial business model included DVD sales and rental, although Hastings jettisoned DVD sales about a year after Netflix's founding to focus on the DVD rental by mail business.", "Netflix __knowledge__ In 2007, Netflix expanded its business with the introduction of streaming media, while retaining the DVD and Blu-ray rental service.", "Netflix __knowledge__ The company expanded internationally, with streaming made available to Canada in 2010 and continued growing its streaming service from there; by January 2016, Netflix services operated in over 190 countries.", "Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix entered the content-production industry in 2013, debuting its first series, \"House of Cards\".", "Netflix __knowledge__ It has greatly expanded the production of both film and television series since then, offering \"Netflix Original\" content through its online library of films and television.", "Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix released an estimated 126 original series or films in 2016, more than any other network or cable channel.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ The following is list of characters the appear in the cartoon series, \"Generator Rex\".", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ Ricardo \"Rex\" Salazar is a young human-looking E.V.O, but unlike other E.V.O.s, Rex has the ability to control his nanites at will, allowing him to cure other E.V.O.s of their mutations and use his nanites to create a variety of machines on his body and communicate with a variety of machines.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ Rex is overconfident, impulsive, and typically, rebellious.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ He has a quick wit and is constantly making jokes.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ However, when Rex needs to defend himself, he doesn't hold back.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ He prefers to smash anything that gets in his way.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ Ha Dong-hoon (; born on August 20, 1979), better known by his stage name Haha (), is a South Korean singer, variety show host and member of Skull & Haha.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ He is best known for being in the sitcom, \"Nonstop\" and for co-hosting two popular variety programs, MBC's \"Infinite Challenge\" and SBS's \"Running Man\".", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ He has also hosted his own show, titled \"Ya Man TV\" on Mnet in 2015.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ Haha was born on August 20, 1979 in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany and moved to Seoul, South Korea when he was an infant.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ His parents are both Korean, with his mother holding a doctorate in psychology, and he has an older sister, Ha Juri () who is a pianist, also with a doctorate.", "List of Mortal Kombat characters __knowledge__ This is a list of playable characters from the \"Mortal Kombat\" fighting game series and the games in which they appear.", "List of Mortal Kombat characters __knowledge__ The series takes place in a fictional universe composed of six realms, which were created by the Elder Gods.", "List of Mortal Kombat characters __knowledge__ The Elder Gods created a fighting tournament called Mortal Kombat to reduce the wars between the realms.", "List of Mortal Kombat characters __knowledge__ The first \"Mortal Kombat\" game introduces a tournament in which Earthrealm can be destroyed if it loses once again.", "List of Mortal Kombat characters __knowledge__ The Earthrealm warriors manage to defeat the champion Goro and tournament host Shang Tsung, but this leads Tsung to search for other ways to destroy Earthrealm.", "Facebook like button __knowledge__ The Facebook like button is a feature on the social networking website Facebook.", "Facebook like button __knowledge__ It was first enabled on February 9, 2009.", "Facebook like button __knowledge__ The like button enables users to easily interact with status updates, comments, photos and videos, links shared by friends, and advertisements.", "Facebook like button __knowledge__ Once clicked by a user, the designated content appears in the News Feeds of that user's friends, and the button also displays the number of other users who have liked the content, including a full or partial list of those users.", "Facebook like button __knowledge__ The like button was extended to comments in June 2010.", "Facebook like button __knowledge__ After extensive testing and years of questions from the public about whether it had an intention to incorporate a \"Dislike\" button, Facebook officially rolled out \"Reactions\" to users worldwide on February 24, 2016, letting users long-press on the like button for an option to use one of five pre-defined emotions, including \"Love\", \"Haha\", \"Wow\", \"Sad\", or \"Angry\".", "Tony DiNozzo and Ziva David __knowledge__ Tony DiNozzo and Ziva David are fictional characters from the American police procedural drama \"NCIS\".", "Tony DiNozzo and Ziva David __knowledge__ Tony, an original character, is portrayed by Michael Weatherly, and Ziva, who first appeared in the third season, is portrayed by Cote de Pablo.", "Tony DiNozzo and Ziva David __knowledge__ Frequently referred to by the portmanteau \"Tiva\" (for Tony and Ziva), the characters' flirtation and the idea of them eventually beginning a relationship became a subject of interest among viewers, and by 2010, \"TV Guide\" reported that \"many fans have become obsessed with the romantic tension between Weatherly's character and co-worker Ziva\".", "Tony DiNozzo and Ziva David __knowledge__ Focus and media coverage on the pair escalated over the years, particularly after \"NCIS\" became the most watched television series in America during its tenth season.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "List of original programs distributed by Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix is an American global on-demand internet streaming media provider, that has distributed a number of original programs, including original series, specials (including stand-up comedy specials), miniseries, and documentaries and films.", "List of original programs distributed by Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix's original productions also include continuations of previously canceled series from other channels, as well as licensing or co-producing content from international broadcasters for exclusive broadcast in other territories, which is also branded in those regions as Netflix original content.", "List of original programs distributed by Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix previously produced content through Red Envelope Entertainment.", "Dark (TV series) __knowledge__ Dark is a German science fiction thriller web series co-created by Baran bo Odar and Jantje Friese.", "Dark (TV series) __knowledge__ It is the first German-language Netflix original series, and debuted on Netflix's streaming service on December 1, 2017.", "Dark (TV series) __knowledge__ The first season received mostly positive reviews from critics.", "Dark (TV series) __knowledge__ Positive and negative comparisons were made to the Netflix series \"Stranger Things\".", "Dark (TV series) __knowledge__ A second season has been green-lit by Netflix, with production to begin in 2018.", "Dark (TV series) __knowledge__ When local children in the German town of Winden start disappearing, it brings to light the fractured relationships, double lives, and dark past of four families living there, revealing a mystery that spans three generations.", "Netflix April Fools' Day jokes __knowledge__ Video on demand Internet streaming media provider, Netflix, performs April Fools' Day practical jokes on its subscribers.", "Netflix April Fools' Day jokes __knowledge__ These jokes have included overly detailed categories for films, comic public service announcements and two original films composed entirely of footage of food cooking.", "Netflix April Fools' Day jokes __knowledge__ In 2013, Netflix added overly detailed genres to its service, including \"Movies Starring Estelle Getty and Some Other Guy\" (with only the film \"Stop!", "Netflix April Fools' Day jokes __knowledge__ Or My Mom Will Shoot\" listed), \"Movies That Are in English, But Still Require Subtitles\" (with \"Snatch\" and \"Trainspotting\"), and \"TV Shows Where Defiantly Crossed Arms Mean Business!\"", "Carmen Sandiego (TV series) __knowledge__ Carmen Sandiego is an upcoming Netflix animated educational series that is based on the media franchise of the same name.", "Carmen Sandiego (TV series) __knowledge__ It was created through a partnership between Houghton Mifflin Harcourt and DHX Media, and will contain a \"serialized look at Carmen’s back story that is told from her perspective\".", "Carmen Sandiego (TV series) __knowledge__ Serving as an origin story for Broderbund's fictional thieving villain, it will be the fourth \"Carmen Sandiego\" television show after the PBS game shows \"World\" and \"Time\", and the FOX animated series \"Earth\".", "Carmen Sandiego (TV series) __knowledge__ On April 14, 2017, Hollywood insider information site The Tracking Board reported that they had exclusively learnt of an animated Carmen Sandiego project at Netflix, that Gina Rodriguez as the voice of the titular character.", "The Storm Warriors __knowledge__ The Storm Warriors is a 2009 Hong Kong \"wuxia\" fantasy film produced and directed by the Pang brothers.", "The Storm Warriors __knowledge__ It is the second live-action film adaptation of artist Ma Wing-shing's manhua series \"Fung Wan\", following the 1998 film \"The Storm Riders\".", "The Storm Warriors __knowledge__ \"The Storm Warriors\" is based on \"Fung Wan\"s \"Japanese Invasion\" story arc \"The Death Battle\".", "The Storm Warriors __knowledge__ Ekin Cheng and Aaron Kwok respectively reprise their roles as Wind and Cloud, who this time find themselves up against Lord Godless (Simon Yam), a ruthless Japanese warlord bent on invading China.", "The Storm Warriors __knowledge__ The film is a co-production between Universe Entertainment and Sil-Metropole Organisation.", "List of The Originals characters __knowledge__ \"The Originals\" is an American fantasy-drama television series picked up by The CW for their fall 2013 schedule, after a backdoor pilot for the series aired as an episode of The CW television series \"The Vampire Diaries\" in April 2013.", "List of The Originals characters __knowledge__ It is a spin-off of \"The Vampire Diaries\", sharing a universe with its predecessor.", "List of The Originals characters __knowledge__ It centers on three Mikaelson siblings, Klaus (Joseph Morgan), Elijah (Daniel Gillies), and Rebekah (Claire Holt), collectively known as \"original vampires\", or simply the \"originals\".", "List of The Originals characters __knowledge__ \"The Originals\" is set in the city of New Orleans.", "List of The Originals characters __knowledge__ It was created by Julie Plec.", "List of The Originals characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of series regulars who have appeared in one or more of the series' four seasons." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix is an American entertainment company founded by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph on August 29, 1997, in Scotts Valley, California.", "Netflix __knowledge__ It specializes in and provides streaming media and video-on-demand online and DVD by mail.", "Netflix __knowledge__ In 2013, Netflix expanded into film and television production as well as online distribution.", "Netflix __knowledge__ It is headquartered in Los Gatos, California.", "Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix's initial business model included DVD sales and rental, although Hastings jettisoned DVD sales about a year after Netflix's founding to focus on the DVD rental by mail business.", "Netflix __knowledge__ In 2007, Netflix expanded its business with the introduction of streaming media, while retaining the DVD and Blu-ray rental service.", "Netflix __knowledge__ The company expanded internationally, with streaming made available to Canada in 2010 and continued growing its streaming service from there; by January 2016, Netflix services operated in over 190 countries.", "Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix entered the content-production industry in 2013, debuting its first series, \"House of Cards\".", "Netflix __knowledge__ It has greatly expanded the production of both film and television series since then, offering \"Netflix Original\" content through its online library of films and television.", "Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix released an estimated 126 original series or films in 2016, more than any other network or cable channel.", "Stranger Things __knowledge__ Stranger Things is an American science fiction-horror web television series created, written, directed and co-executive produced by The Duffer Brothers, as well as co-executive produced by Shawn Levy and Dan Cohen.", "Stranger Things __knowledge__ The first season, released in July 2016, stars Winona Ryder, David Harbour, Finn Wolfhard, Millie Bobby Brown, Gaten Matarazzo, Caleb McLaughlin, Natalia Dyer, Charlie Heaton, Cara Buono and Matthew Modine, with Noah Schnapp and Joe Keery in recurring roles.", "Stranger Things __knowledge__ For the second season, Schnapp and Keery were promoted to series regulars, along with the additions of Sadie Sink, Dacre Montgomery, Sean Astin and Paul Reiser.", "Luke Cage (season 1) __knowledge__ The first season of the American web television series \"Luke Cage\", which is based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name, follows a former convict with superhuman strength and unbreakable skin who fights crime in Harlem.", "Luke Cage (season 1) __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films and other television series of the franchise.", "Luke Cage (season 1) __knowledge__ The season was produced by Marvel Television in association with ABC Studios, with Cheo Hodari Coker serving as showrunner.", "Luke Cage (season 1) __knowledge__ Mike Colter stars as Cage, reprising his role from the series \"Jessica Jones\".", "Luke Cage (season 1) __knowledge__ He is joined by principal cast members Mahershala Ali, Simone Missick, Theo Rossi, Erik LaRay Harvey, Rosario Dawson, and Alfre Woodard.", "The OA __knowledge__ The OA is an American mystery drama Netflix series with science fiction, supernatural, and fantasy elements, which debuted on Netflix on December 16, 2016.", "The OA __knowledge__ Created and executive produced by Brit Marling and Zal Batmanglij, the series is their third collaboration.", "The OA __knowledge__ The series consists of eight episodes, all directed by Batmanglij, and is produced by Plan B Entertainment and Anonymous Content.", "The OA __knowledge__ In the series, Marling stars as a young woman named Prairie Johnson who resurfaces after having been missing for seven years.", "The OA __knowledge__ Prairie now calls herself \"The OA\" and can see, despite having been blind before her disappearance.", "Music of Stranger Things __knowledge__ The \"Stranger Things\" original soundtracks are composed by Michael Stein and Kyle Dixon of the electronic band Survive.", "Music of Stranger Things __knowledge__ They make extensive use of synthesizers in homage to 1980s artists and film composers including Jean-Michel Jarre, Tangerine Dream, Vangelis, Goblin, John Carpenter, Giorgio Moroder, and Fabio Frizzi.", "Music of Stranger Things __knowledge__ According to Stein and Dixon, the Duffer Brothers had been fans of Survive's music, and used their song \"Dirge\" for the mock trailer that was used to sell the show to Netflix.", "Music of Stranger Things __knowledge__ Once the show was green-lit, the Duffers contacted Survive around July 2015 to ask if they were still doing music; the two provided the production team with dozens of songs from their band's past to gain their interest, helping to land them the role.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is an American media franchise and shared universe that is centered on a series of superhero films, independently produced by Marvel Studios and based on characters that appear in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The franchise has expanded to include comic books, short films, television series, and digital series.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The shared universe, much like the original Marvel Universe in comic books, was established by crossing over common plot elements, settings, cast, and characters.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Phil Coulson, portrayed by Clark Gregg, is an original character to the MCU and the only character to appear across all the different media of the MCU.", "List of Monster Allergy characters __knowledge__ This is the list of characters from Disney's comic book/animated series Monster Allergy.", "List of Monster Allergy characters __knowledge__ Ezekiel 'Zick' Barrymore \"(Ezechiele Zick in the original Italian version)\" is a fictional character and the male protagonist in the comic book and animated TV series, \"Monster Allergy\".", "List of Monster Allergy characters __knowledge__ In the animated series, he is voiced by Holly Gauthier-Frankel, Monica Ward in Italian, Feodor Atkine in French and Mika Doi in Japanese.", "List of Monster Allergy characters __knowledge__ Zick is a 12-year-old boy who is considered \"strange\" for his ability to see monsters others cannot see.", "List of Monster Allergy characters __knowledge__ He suffers from rather particular allergies that allow him to sense dangerous monsters.", "Stranger Things (Yuck album) __knowledge__ Stranger Things is the third studio album by UK-based indie rock band Yuck, released on Mamé Records on 26 February 2016.", "Stranger Things (Yuck album) __knowledge__ The album was recorded over a period of several months in 2015 in frontman Max Bloom's parents' house in London.", "Stranger Things (Yuck album) __knowledge__ \"Stranger Things\" was self-produced by the band.", "Stranger Things (Yuck album) __knowledge__ The album's release was preceded by three singles: \"Hold Me Closer\"; \"Hearts in Motion\"; and \"Cannonball\".", "Stranger Things (Yuck album) __knowledge__ In April 2013, original lead singer and guitarist Daniel Blumberg left the band.", "Stranger Things (Yuck album) __knowledge__ Guitarist Max Bloom subsequently took over duties as frontman and the band hired guitarist Ed Hayes as an official member that August.", "Social media __knowledge__ Social media are computer-mediated technologies that facilitate the creation and sharing of information, ideas, career interests and other forms of expression via virtual communities and networks.", "Social media __knowledge__ The variety of stand-alone and built-in social media services currently available introduces challenges of definition; however, there are some common features: Users typically access social media services via web-based technologies on desktop, computers, and laptops, or download services that offer social media functionality to their mobile devices (e.g., smartphones and tablet computers).", "Social media __knowledge__ When engaging with these services, users can create highly interactive platforms through which individuals, communities and organizations can share, co-create, discuss, and modify user-generated content or pre-made content posted online.", "Optimism bias __knowledge__ Optimism bias (also known as unrealistic or comparative optimism) is a cognitive bias that causes a person to believe that they are at a lesser risk of experiencing a negative event compared to others.", "Optimism bias __knowledge__ Optimism bias is quite common and transcends gender, race, nationality and age.", "Optimism bias __knowledge__ Optimistic biases are even reported in non-human animals such as rats and birds.", "Optimism bias __knowledge__ Four factors exist that cause a person to be optimistically biased: their desired end state, their cognitive mechanisms, the information they have about themselves versus others, and overall mood.", "Optimism bias __knowledge__ The optimistic bias is seen in a number of situations." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix is an American entertainment company founded by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph on August 29, 1997, in Scotts Valley, California.", "Netflix __knowledge__ It specializes in and provides streaming media and video-on-demand online and DVD by mail.", "Netflix __knowledge__ In 2013, Netflix expanded into film and television production as well as online distribution.", "Netflix __knowledge__ It is headquartered in Los Gatos, California.", "Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix's initial business model included DVD sales and rental, although Hastings jettisoned DVD sales about a year after Netflix's founding to focus on the DVD rental by mail business.", "Netflix __knowledge__ In 2007, Netflix expanded its business with the introduction of streaming media, while retaining the DVD and Blu-ray rental service.", "Netflix __knowledge__ The company expanded internationally, with streaming made available to Canada in 2010 and continued growing its streaming service from there; by January 2016, Netflix services operated in over 190 countries.", "Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix entered the content-production industry in 2013, debuting its first series, \"House of Cards\".", "Netflix __knowledge__ It has greatly expanded the production of both film and television series since then, offering \"Netflix Original\" content through its online library of films and television.", "Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix released an estimated 126 original series or films in 2016, more than any other network or cable channel.", "2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series __knowledge__ The 2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series was the 66th season of professional stock car racing in the United States and the 43rd modern-era Cup season.", "2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series __knowledge__ The season began at Daytona International Speedway, with the Sprint Unlimited, followed by the Daytona 500.", "2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series __knowledge__ The season ended with the Ford EcoBoost 400 at Homestead-Miami Speedway.", "2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series __knowledge__ This season was the final year of broadcasting for both the ESPN family of networks and Turner Sports.", "2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series __knowledge__ ESPN had covered the second half of the Sprint Cup season since 2007 while Turner Sports ended a thirty-one year relationship with NASCAR on TBS and later TNT.", "2014 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series __knowledge__ For 2015, their portions of the season were divided between Fox Sports and NBC.", "List of Parks and Recreation characters __knowledge__ The primary characters of the American television comedy series \"Parks and Recreation\" are the employees of the parks department of Pawnee, a fictional Indiana town.", "List of Parks and Recreation characters __knowledge__ The protagonist is Leslie Knope (Amy Poehler), the deputy parks director as well as serving on city council, and the rest of the ensemble cast consists of her friends and co-workers, including nurse Ann Perkins (Rashida Jones), parks director Ron Swanson (Nick Offerman), and parks department employees Tom Haverford (Aziz Ansari), April Ludgate (Aubrey Plaza), Andy Dwyer (Chris Pratt), Jerry Gergich (Jim O'Heir), and Donna Meagle (Retta).", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the series \"The Awesomes\".", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Professor Dr. Jeremy \"Prock\" Awesome (voiced by Seth Meyers) - The son of Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Jeremy Awesome is the young new leader of the Awesomes.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Known as Prock (a portmanteau of Professor and Doctor, since Prock has a JD and an MD) he has always wanted to be a superhero like his father, Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Prock disappointingly doesn't have any of his father's impressive physical powers: indeed, he is unimposing and injury-prone.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ However, he's the smartest on the team and a natural leader: in a crisis he comes up with excellent plans and assigns jobs to everyone on the team.", "List of Spider-Man (1994 TV series) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the 1994 television series \"Spider-Man.\"", "List of Spider-Man (1994 TV series) characters __knowledge__ Peter Benjamin Parker (Christopher Daniel Barnes) is the main protagonist of the series.", "List of Spider-Man (1994 TV series) characters __knowledge__ A one-time high school \"science geek\", Peter was the subject of much ridicule, especially at the hands of Flash Thompson.", "List of Spider-Man (1994 TV series) characters __knowledge__ After his parents died in a plane crash, Peter lived with his Uncle Ben and Aunt May, who doted and worried endlessly about the reclusive boy suddenly placed in their midst.", "List of Spider-Man (1994 TV series) characters __knowledge__ During a class field trip to see a demonstration of Neogenic radiation, carried on by Professor Farley Stillwell, a spider crawled into Stillwell's machine and became irradiated, biting Peter in the hand and granting him the proportionate abilities of a spider, including superhuman strength, durability, stamina, speed, agility, senses and a \"Spider-Sense\" that warned him of imminent danger.", "Avengers vs. X-Men __knowledge__ \"Avengers vs. X-Men\" (abbreviated \"AvX'\" and \"AvsX\") is a 2012 crossover event that was featured in comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Avengers vs. X-Men __knowledge__ The event, consisting of an eponymous limited series and numerous tie-in books, involves the return of the Phoenix Force and the subsequent war between the Avengers and the X-Men.", "Avengers vs. X-Men __knowledge__ The 12-issue twice-monthly series was first published in April 2012, and features a storyline by Jason Aaron, Brian Michael Bendis, Ed Brubaker, Jonathan Hickman and Matt Fraction, with a rotating team of artists including John Romita, Jr., Olivier Coipel and Adam Kubert.", "Avengers vs. X-Men __knowledge__ The event was preceded by the four-issue limited series \"Avengers: X-Sanction\" by Jeph Loeb and Ed McGuinness and \"Avengers vs. X-Men #0\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ This Is England '86 is a 2010 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne, a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Set three years later, it focuses on the mod revival scene rather than the skinhead subculture, with the gang variously adopting an eclectic mix of clothing styles.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Like the film version previously, Thomas Turgoose stars as Shaun, with central roles played by Joe Gilgun as Woody, now a scooter-riding mod, although girlfriend Lol (Vicky McClure) and her friend Trev stay loyal to their roots and still wear the skinhead garb.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Lol's sister Kelly has gone new wave/punk, while other gang members adopt psychobilly, early chav and mohican influences.", "LOL __knowledge__ LOL, or lol, is an acronym for laugh(ing) out loud or lots of laughs, and a popular element of Internet slang.", "LOL __knowledge__ It was first used almost exclusively on Usenet, but has since become widespread in other forms of computer-mediated communication and even face-to-face communication.", "LOL __knowledge__ It is one of many initialisms for expressing bodily reactions, in particular laughter, as text, including initialisms for more emphatic expressions of laughter such as LMAO (\"laugh(ing) my ass off\") and ROFL (or its older form ROTFL; \"roll(ing) on the floor laughing\").", "LOL __knowledge__ Other unrelated expansions include the now mostly obsolete \"lots of luck\" or \"lots of love\" used in letter-writing.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Robert James Smith (born 21 April 1959) is an English singer, songwriter and musician.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ He is the lead singer, guitarist, multi instrumentalist, lyricist, principal songwriter and only consistent member of the rock band The Cure, which he co-founded in 1976.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ He was also the lead guitarist for the band Siouxsie and the Banshees from 1982 to 1984 and was part of the short-lived group The Glove in 1983.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Smith is known for his distinctive voice and unique stage look, the latter of which was influential on the Goth subculture that rose to prominence in the 1980s.", "Robert Smith (musician) __knowledge__ Smith was born in the Lancashire town of Blackpool and is the third of four children born to James Alexander and Rita Mary (née Emmott) Smith.", "Abla __knowledge__ Abla is a municipality, former bishopric and Latin Catholic titular see in Almería province, in Andalusia, southeast Spain.", "Abla __knowledge__ It is considered to be the Abula mentioned by Ptolemy in his \"Geographia\" (II 6, 60) as located in the Iberian region of Bastetania.", "Abla __knowledge__ Another candidate for identification with ancient Abula is Ávila, which may instead have been the ancient Obila.", "Abla __knowledge__ Abula is said to be one of the first cities in Hispania that were Christianized, specifically by Saint Secundus, one of the group of Seven Apostolic Men (\"siete varones apostólicos\"), Christian clerics ordained in Rome by Saints Peter and Paul and sent to evangelize Spain.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ This Is England '90 is a 2015 British TV drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne and produced by Warp Films.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ A spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\", it is also a sequel to the series \"This Is England '86\" and \"This Is England '88\".", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ \"This Is England '90\" was originally due in late 2012, but in July 2012, Meadows announced that the production had been put on hold in order for him to complete his The Stone Roses, and the actors were still waiting for confirmation as to when filming would start.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ In March 2014, Meadows confirmed that shooting would start later in the year although he had not yet finished the script.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is an American media franchise and shared universe that is centered on a series of superhero films, independently produced by Marvel Studios and based on characters that appear in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The franchise has expanded to include comic books, short films, television series, and digital series.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The shared universe, much like the original Marvel Universe in comic books, was established by crossing over common plot elements, settings, cast, and characters.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Phil Coulson, portrayed by Clark Gregg, is an original character to the MCU and the only character to appear across all the different media of the MCU." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix is an American entertainment company founded by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph on August 29, 1997, in Scotts Valley, California.", "Netflix __knowledge__ It specializes in and provides streaming media and video-on-demand online and DVD by mail.", "Netflix __knowledge__ In 2013, Netflix expanded into film and television production as well as online distribution.", "Netflix __knowledge__ It is headquartered in Los Gatos, California.", "Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix's initial business model included DVD sales and rental, although Hastings jettisoned DVD sales about a year after Netflix's founding to focus on the DVD rental by mail business.", "Netflix __knowledge__ In 2007, Netflix expanded its business with the introduction of streaming media, while retaining the DVD and Blu-ray rental service.", "Netflix __knowledge__ The company expanded internationally, with streaming made available to Canada in 2010 and continued growing its streaming service from there; by January 2016, Netflix services operated in over 190 countries.", "Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix entered the content-production industry in 2013, debuting its first series, \"House of Cards\".", "Netflix __knowledge__ It has greatly expanded the production of both film and television series since then, offering \"Netflix Original\" content through its online library of films and television.", "Netflix __knowledge__ Netflix released an estimated 126 original series or films in 2016, more than any other network or cable channel.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ Ha Dong-hoon (; born on August 20, 1979), better known by his stage name Haha (), is a South Korean singer, variety show host and member of Skull & Haha.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ He is best known for being in the sitcom, \"Nonstop\" and for co-hosting two popular variety programs, MBC's \"Infinite Challenge\" and SBS's \"Running Man\".", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ He has also hosted his own show, titled \"Ya Man TV\" on Mnet in 2015.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ Haha was born on August 20, 1979 in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany and moved to Seoul, South Korea when he was an infant.", "Haha (entertainer) __knowledge__ His parents are both Korean, with his mother holding a doctorate in psychology, and he has an older sister, Ha Juri () who is a pianist, also with a doctorate.", "Running Man Brothers __knowledge__ Running Man Brothers is a South Korean pop duo, which is named after the South Korean television show \"Running Man\".", "Running Man Brothers __knowledge__ The group is composed of cast members Kim Jong-kook and Haha and was formed in 2014.", "Running Man Brothers __knowledge__ Kim and Haha are regular cast members on the variety show \"Running Man\", which started airing in 2010, and they have been called it's favorite \"duo.\"", "Running Man Brothers __knowledge__ Although Yoo Jae-suk is the star of the show, Kim and Haha have been written of as the \"spice\" of the show, with references to Kim's \"boyish likeability, upbeat personality and masculinity\" and Haha for \"his insatiable sense of humor and free spirit,\" and together are called \"the musical duo.\"", "Drug War (film) __knowledge__ Drug War () is a Chinese-Hong Kong crime thriller film directed and produced by Johnnie To.", "Drug War (film) __knowledge__ The film stars Sun Honglei as Police Captain Zhang, who partners with a drug lord named Timmy Choi (Louis Koo) after Choi is arrested.", "Drug War (film) __knowledge__ To avoid the death penalty, Choi agrees to reveal information about his partners' methamphetamine ring.", "Drug War (film) __knowledge__ Zhang starts to harbor doubts about Choi's honesty as the police begin to take on the drug ring.", "Drug War (film) __knowledge__ The film premiered at the Rome Film Festival on November 15, 2012.", "Drug War (film) __knowledge__ It has received positive reviews.", "Drug War (film) __knowledge__ Fleeing from an explosion at his drug production facility, Choi crashes his car into a restaurant and as he revives he is captured by Captain Zhang Lei.", "Mine-Haha, or On the Bodily Education of Young Girls __knowledge__ Mine-Haha, or On the Bodily Education of Young Girls (German: \"Mine-Haha oder Über die körperliche Erziehung der jungen Mädchen\") is a novella by German dramatist Frank Wedekind, first published in its final form in 1903.", "Mine-Haha, or On the Bodily Education of Young Girls __knowledge__ The novella purports to be an autobiographical manuscript handed to the editor by an 84-year-old retired teacher, Helene Engel, shortly before she committed suicide.", "Mine-Haha, or On the Bodily Education of Young Girls __knowledge__ The \"manuscript\" itself describes the bizarre education and socialisation of a young girl, Hidalla, in two boarding establishments, the first co-educational, the second all-female.", "Mine-Haha, or On the Bodily Education of Young Girls __knowledge__ At the age of seven Hidalla is placed in a coffin-like crate and transferred to the \"park\", a location that is both idyllic and hermetically sealed by high walls, where she spends the next seven years, learning only gymnastics, dance and music.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ The following is list of characters the appear in the cartoon series, \"Generator Rex\".", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ Ricardo \"Rex\" Salazar is a young human-looking E.V.O, but unlike other E.V.O.s, Rex has the ability to control his nanites at will, allowing him to cure other E.V.O.s of their mutations and use his nanites to create a variety of machines on his body and communicate with a variety of machines.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ Rex is overconfident, impulsive, and typically, rebellious.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ He has a quick wit and is constantly making jokes.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ However, when Rex needs to defend himself, he doesn't hold back.", "List of Generator Rex characters __knowledge__ He prefers to smash anything that gets in his way.", "Haha, I'm Sorry __knowledge__ Haha, I'm Sorry is the second extended play by American recording artist Kitty Pryde.", "Haha, I'm Sorry __knowledge__ It was released on June 11, 2012.", "Haha, I'm Sorry __knowledge__ The first and only single of \"Haha, I'm Sorry\", \"Okay Cupid\", was released as a digital download on April 11, 2012.", "Haha, I'm Sorry __knowledge__ On May 9, Kitty Pryde released the music video for \"Okay Cupid\", directed by Bryan McKay and Shannen Ortale, on YouTube.", "Haha, I'm Sorry __knowledge__ The video became a viral success, having been viewed over one million times as of April 2014.", "Haha, I'm Sorry __knowledge__ The music video garnered attention from various online music publications, including Complex, The Fader, Rolling Stone, and The New York Times.", "Haha, I'm Sorry __knowledge__ \"Haha, I'm Sorry\" received generally positive reviews from music critics.", "Haha Sound __knowledge__ Haha Sound is the second studio album by British indie electronic band Broadcast.", "Haha Sound __knowledge__ It was released on 11 August 2003 by Warp Records.", "Haha Sound __knowledge__ \"Haha Sound\" was released to critical acclaim and became their first charting album in the United States, reaching the top ten of the Top Dance/Electronic Albums chart.", "Haha Sound __knowledge__ Online music magazine \"Pitchfork\" placed \"Haha Sound\" at number 121 on their list of top 200 albums of the 2000s.", "Haha Sound __knowledge__ In November 2007, \"Haha Sound\" was listed as one of \"The Guardian\"s \"1000 Albums to Listen to Before You Die\".", "Haha Sound __knowledge__ In his review for \"Jockey Slut\", Paul Clarke called the album \"a dizzying ride\".", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ Television is one of the major mass media of the United States.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ , household ownership of television sets in the country is 96.7%, with approximately 114,200,000 American households owning at least one television set as of August 2013.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ The majority of households have more than one set.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ The peak ownership percentage of households with at least one television set occurred during the 1996–97 season, with 98.4% ownership.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ As a whole, the television networks that broadcast in the United States are the largest and most distributed in the world, and programs produced specifically for U.S.-based networks are the most widely syndicated internationally.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants Inc. is an American video game developer founded in 1994 by special-effects and computer-animation veterans Sherry McKenna and Lorne Lanning.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The company is primarily known for the incomplete \"Oddworld Quintology\", a series of award-winning video games about the fictional planet of Oddworld and its native creatures.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ The series debuted with \"\" in 1997 and continued with \"\" in 2001 but the studio has also developed standalone titles \"\" in 1998 and \"\" in 2005.", "Oddworld Inhabitants __knowledge__ Oddworld Inhabitants took a break from game development for a time following the release of \"Stranger's Wrath\", even though it had already begun preliminary work on its next Oddworld title, \"The Brutal Ballad of Fangus Klot\".", "Dubbing (filmmaking) __knowledge__ Dubbing, mixing or re-recording is a post-production process used in filmmaking and video production in which additional or supplementary recordings are \"mixed\" with original production sound to create the finished soundtrack.", "Dubbing (filmmaking) __knowledge__ The process usually takes place on a dub stage.", "Dubbing (filmmaking) __knowledge__ After sound editors edit and prepare all the necessary tracks – dialogue, automated dialogue replacement (ADR), effects, Foley, music – the dubbing mixers proceed to balance all of the elements and record the finished soundtrack.", "Dubbing (filmmaking) __knowledge__ Dubbing is sometimes confused with ADR, also known as \"additional dialogue replacement\", \"automated dialogue recording\", and \"looping\", in which the original actors re-record and synchronize audio segments.", "B movie __knowledge__ A B movie or B film is a low-budget commercial movie, but not an arthouse film.", "B movie __knowledge__ In its original usage, during the Golden Age of Hollywood, the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature (akin to B-sides for recorded music).", "B movie __knowledge__ Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s, the term \"B movie\" continues to be used in its broader sense to this day.", "B movie __knowledge__ In its post–Golden Age usage, there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition: on the one hand, the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient; on the other, many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is an American media franchise and shared universe that is centered on a series of superhero films, independently produced by Marvel Studios and based on characters that appear in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The franchise has expanded to include comic books, short films, television series, and digital series.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The shared universe, much like the original Marvel Universe in comic books, was established by crossing over common plot elements, settings, cast, and characters.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Phil Coulson, portrayed by Clark Gregg, is an original character to the MCU and the only character to appear across all the different media of the MCU.", "HBO __knowledge__ Home Box Office (HBO) is an American premium cable and satellite television network that is owned by Time Warner through its respective flagship company Home Box Office, Inc.", "HBO __knowledge__ Programming featured on the network consists primarily of theatrically released motion pictures and original television series, along with made-for-cable movies and documentaries, boxing matches, and occasional stand-up comedy and concert specials.", "HBO __knowledge__ HBO is the oldest and longest continuously operating pay television service (basic or premium) in the United States, having been in operation since November 8, 1972.", "HBO __knowledge__ In 2016, HBO had an adjusted operating income of US$1.93 billion, compared to the US$1.88 billion it accrued in 2015." ] ]

[ 10, 54, 0, 3, 0 ]

[ "I love mine! I like the Netflix Originals the most. They have 126 of them! My favorites are Dark and Godless.", "A lot of people compare Dark to Stranger Things, for better or worse lol", "I also like Once Upon a Time! I just love Netflix in general lol. No commercials and I don't have to wait to see my shows :)", "With all of their shows and movies and stuff they produce, I don't understand why people have cable anymore. It's so much cheaper!", "Lol thankfully none of mine care too much about sports! We have a party for the Super Bowl but that's just for the food haha" ]

[ "Netflix", "Netflix", "Netflix", "Netflix", "Netflix" ]

[ "Leather\nI can't wait until winter so I can pull out my favorite leather coat. ", "Yes it is keeps me so snug and it has fur around the neck so I am all set for the snow do you own a leather coat?", "Leather belts are ones that last long as well they come in handy leather is just pure and holds up great period.", "I can see the deerskin but sheep skin interesting to know I bet the cost is so high for these kinds of furs etc. " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Leather __knowledge__ Leather is a durable and flexible material created by tanning animal rawhide and skin, mostly cattle hide.", "Leather __knowledge__ It can be produced at manufacturing scales ranging from cottage industry to heavy industry.", "Leather __knowledge__ People use leather to make various goods—including clothing (e.g., shoes, hats, jackets, skirts, trousers, and belts), bookbinding, leather wallpaper, and as a furniture covering.", "Leather __knowledge__ It is produced in a wide variety of types and styles, decorated by a wide range of techniques.", "Leather __knowledge__ Several tanning processes transform hides and skins into leather: Leather, usually vegetable-tanned, can be oiled to improve its water resistance.", "Leather __knowledge__ This currying process after tanning supplements the natural oils remaining in the leather itself, which can be washed out through repeated exposure to water.", "Leather __knowledge__ Frequent oiling of leather, with mink oil, neatsfoot oil, or a similar material keeps it supple and improves its lifespan dramatically.", "Leather __knowledge__ In general, leather is produced in the following forms: Today, most leather is made of cattle skin, but many exceptions exist.", "Leather __knowledge__ Lamb and deerskin are used for soft leather in more expensive apparel.", "Leather __knowledge__ Deer and elkskin are widely used in work gloves and indoor shoes.", "Leather __knowledge__ Pigskin is used in apparel and on seats of saddles.", "Károly Szabó __knowledge__ Károly Szabó (November 17, 1916 – October 28, 1964) was an employee of the Swedish Embassy in Budapest from 1944 to 1945.", "Károly Szabó __knowledge__ He was a supporter of Raoul Wallenberg and had a significant role in making contact with the representatives of the Hungarian police and other state officials.", "Károly Szabó __knowledge__ He was arrested without legal proceedings 1953 in Budapest in a Raoul Wallenberg secret trial.", "Károly Szabó __knowledge__ Honored as Righteous among the Nations on November 12, 2012.", "Károly Szabó __knowledge__ In the Hungarian Boy Scouts in 1929 he (13 years old) became friends with Pál Szalai.", "Károly Szabó __knowledge__ This friendship continued in the critical months of 1944–1945 while Pál Szalai, high-ranking member of the police force, supported Raoul Wallenberg.", "National Bonsai Foundation __knowledge__ The National Bonsai Foundation (NBF) is a nonprofit organization that was created to sustain the National Bonsai and Penjing Museum.", "National Bonsai Foundation __knowledge__ NBF also helps the United States National Arboretum showcase the arts of Bonsai and Penjing to the general public.", "National Bonsai Foundation __knowledge__ The National Bonsai and Penjing Museum is located on the campus of the US National Arboretum in northeast Washington, D.C. Each year over 200,000 people visit the museum.", "National Bonsai Foundation __knowledge__ Distinguished national and international guests of various Federal Departments are also among the visitors.", "National Bonsai Foundation __knowledge__ \"The National Bonsai Foundation is a section 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization established in 1982 to sustain the National Bonsai and Penjing Museum.", "ZC Girls __knowledge__ ZC Girls is a series of Japanese action figures manufactured by ZC World.", "ZC Girls __knowledge__ The dolls are currently still in production.", "ZC Girls __knowledge__ The product was inspired by the phenomenal success of the Cy Girls.", "ZC Girls __knowledge__ The products were first released in 2009 to have a wide variety of modern occupations of the Lady's Mission, and the same interchangeable of the Cy Girls.", "ZC Girls __knowledge__ The original and current body design is called EVE.", "ZC Girls __knowledge__ This design features 25 points of articulation, including removable arms as well as two rubber bodices to choose from.", "ZC Girls __knowledge__ The bodices cover a \"T\" shaped socket that hold the arms and head in place.", "ZC Girls __knowledge__ The first bodice extends from the neck to the top of the ribcage to allow the abdominal joint to be more movable.", "Otto Fleischmann __knowledge__ Otto Fleschmann (January 24, 1896 in Mór, Hungary; January 8, 1963 in New York City) was a Hungarian-born medical doctor.", "Otto Fleischmann __knowledge__ Otto Fleischmann, a medical doctor, was taught psychoanalysis by Sigmund Freud in Vienna, where he was associated with other psychoanalysts including Anna Freud.", "Otto Fleischmann __knowledge__ After the German Nazi takeover of Austria, Fleischmann went to Budapest, Hungary.", "Otto Fleischmann __knowledge__ In 1944, with the German occupation of Hungary, he received protection from the Swedish Foreign Ministry through diplomatic cover provided by Raoul Wallenberg.", "Otto Fleischmann __knowledge__ Fleischmann subsequently worked with Raoul Wallenberg in his efforts to save Jews in Hungary, 1944–1945.", "In Death technology __knowledge__ Nora Roberts (under her pseudonym J. D. Robb)'s In Death novels begin in the slightly futuristic setting of 2058, and mostly take place in New York City.", "In Death technology __knowledge__ While many things remain the same, the author has created several inventions that are considered commonplace in this society.", "In Death technology __knowledge__ AutoChef: A countertop device that prepares any food or beverage programmed by the user.", "In Death technology __knowledge__ References are made to Eve Dallas having stale bagels in hers (while she's still single and living alone); Roarke giving a menu to Summerset; various police personnel coveting the special coffee available from Eve's AutoChef once she's married Roarke.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ This is a list of episodes for \"Deadliest Warrior\".", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ \"Deadliest Warrior\" premiered on April 7, 2009 at 10 pm ET.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Nine one-hour episodes of the show were produced for Season 1.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Season 1 was released on DVD and Blu-ray on May 11, 2010.", "List of Deadliest Warrior episodes __knowledge__ Apache team: Alan Tafoya (World Champion Knife Fighter), Snake Blocker (U.S. Army Combat Instructor) Apache weapons: Tomahawk, Knife, Bow & Arrow, War Club Apache armor: Rawhide Shield Apache statistics: \"Height:\" 5 feet, 7 inches \"Weight:\" 140 lbs \"Gear Weight:\" 10 pounds Gladiator team: Chris Torres (Ancient Weapons Specialist), Steven Dietrich (Gladiator Combat Instructor), Chuck Liddell (The Iceman) Gladiator weapons: Cestus, Scissor, Trident & Net, Sling, Sica Gladiator armor: Murmillo Helmet, Wooden Shield Gladiator statistics: \"Height:\" 5 feet, 8 inches \"Weight\": 185 lbs \"Gear Weight\": Ranges from 10 lbs to 38 lbs Reenactment 1 The Apache is seen walking in a grassy field.", "Horse culture in Mongolia __knowledge__ Horses play a large role in the daily and national life of the Mongols; it is traditionally said that \"A Mongol without a horse is like a bird without the wings.\"", "Horse culture in Mongolia __knowledge__ Elizabeth Kendall, who travelled through Mongolia in 1911, observed, \"To appreciate the Mongol you must see him on horseback,—and indeed you rarely see him otherwise, for he does not put foot to ground if he can help it.", "Horse culture in Mongolia __knowledge__ The Mongol without his pony is only half a Mongol, but with his pony he is as good as two men.", "Horse culture in Mongolia __knowledge__ It is a fine sight to see him tearing over the plain, loose bridle, easy seat, much like the Western cowboy, but with less sprawl.\"" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Leather __knowledge__ Leather is a durable and flexible material created by tanning animal rawhide and skin, mostly cattle hide.", "Leather __knowledge__ It can be produced at manufacturing scales ranging from cottage industry to heavy industry.", "Leather __knowledge__ People use leather to make various goods—including clothing (e.g., shoes, hats, jackets, skirts, trousers, and belts), bookbinding, leather wallpaper, and as a furniture covering.", "Leather __knowledge__ It is produced in a wide variety of types and styles, decorated by a wide range of techniques.", "Leather __knowledge__ Several tanning processes transform hides and skins into leather: Leather, usually vegetable-tanned, can be oiled to improve its water resistance.", "Leather __knowledge__ This currying process after tanning supplements the natural oils remaining in the leather itself, which can be washed out through repeated exposure to water.", "Leather __knowledge__ Frequent oiling of leather, with mink oil, neatsfoot oil, or a similar material keeps it supple and improves its lifespan dramatically.", "Leather __knowledge__ In general, leather is produced in the following forms: Today, most leather is made of cattle skin, but many exceptions exist.", "Leather __knowledge__ Lamb and deerskin are used for soft leather in more expensive apparel.", "Leather __knowledge__ Deer and elkskin are widely used in work gloves and indoor shoes.", "Leather __knowledge__ Pigskin is used in apparel and on seats of saddles.", "Sailors' Snug Harbor __knowledge__ Sailors' Snug Harbor, also known as Sailors Snug Harbor, Snug Harbor Cultural Center and Botanical Garden, and, informally, Snug Harbor, is a collection of architecturally significant 19th-century buildings set in an 83-acre park along the Kill Van Kull on the north shore of Staten Island in New York City, United States.", "Sailors' Snug Harbor __knowledge__ It was once a home for aged sailors.", "Sailors' Snug Harbor __knowledge__ Some of the buildings and the grounds are used by arts organizations under the umbrella of the Snug Harbor Cultural Center and Botanical Garden.", "Sailors' Snug Harbor __knowledge__ Sailors' Snug Harbor includes 26 Greek Revival, Beaux Arts, Italianate and Victorian style buildings.", "Yup'ik clothing __knowledge__ Yup'ik clothing (Yup'ik \"aturaq\" \"aturak\" \"aturat\" , \"aklu\", \"akluq\", \"un’u\" ; also, \"piluguk\" in Unaliq-Pastuliq dialect, \"aklu\", \"cangssagar\", \"un’u\" in Nunivak dialect) refers to the traditional Eskimo-style clothing worn by the Yupik people of southwestern Alaska.", "Yup'ik clothing __knowledge__ Also known as Cup'ik clothing for the Chevak Cup'ik-speaking people of Chevak and Cup'ig clothing for the Nunivak Cup'ig-speaking people of Nunivak Island.", "Yup'ik clothing __knowledge__ The traditional clothing system developed and used by the Eskimo peoples is the most effective cold weather clothing developed to date.", "Yup'ik clothing __knowledge__ Yup'ik women made clothes and footwear from animal skins (especially hide and fur of marine and land mammals for fur clothing, sometimes birds, also fish), sewn together using needles made from animal bones, walrus ivory, and bird bones such as front part of a crane's foot and threads made from other animal products, such as sinew.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Car coat __knowledge__ A car coat is an outer garment originally made to be worn by automobile drivers and passengers.", "Car coat __knowledge__ First designed to provide maximum warmth and coverage, over time it became a much shorter garment.", "Car coat __knowledge__ Today it describes a coat that typically ends at mid thigh.", "Car coat __knowledge__ It is worn by both men and women.", "Car coat __knowledge__ While fur, leather and heavy wool were preferred in the early days, today the coat may be made in a wide variety of materials.", "Car coat __knowledge__ In the period after World War II, it took on design elements of the jeep coat worn by servicemen and this is when the shorter length became common.", "Car coat __knowledge__ As car ownership grew so did the popularity of the coat; by the 1960s it was described as \"ubiquitous\".", "Cat __knowledge__ The domestic cat (\"Felis silvestris catus\" or \"Felis catus\") is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often called house cats when kept as indoor pets or simply cats when there is no need to distinguish them from other felids and felines.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often valued by humans for companionship and for their ability to hunt vermin.", "Cat __knowledge__ There are more than seventy cat breeds recognized by various cat registries.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with a strong flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cat senses fit a crepuscular and predatory ecological niche.", "Perfecto motorcycle jacket __knowledge__ Perfecto is a secondary brand of \"lancer fronted\" leather motorcycle jackets designed by Irving Schott and manufactured by American clothing company Schott NYC.", "Perfecto motorcycle jacket __knowledge__ The first jacket was introduced in 1928, making it the first such styled leather motorcycle jacket.", "Perfecto motorcycle jacket __knowledge__ They were worn by such icons as Marlon Brando in the 1953 seminal movie The Wild One, by punk rock pioneers The Ramones in the 1970s and styled by fashion designers such as Jean Paul Gaultier in the 1980s.", "Perfecto motorcycle jacket __knowledge__ Established as a manufacturer of motorcycle clothing since 1913, Schott, a Russian immigrant, named the brand after his favorite cigar as he did not think his Jewish family name would sell the garments.", "English medieval clothing __knowledge__ Around the year 1300 there was a change in well-off women’s clothing, to tighter-fitting garments, lower necklines, and more curvaceous silhouettes; “very tight lacing was used on women's clothes to create a form-fitting shape which, girdled at the hips, created a long-waisted appearance”.", "English medieval clothing __knowledge__ Clothing was over-lapped and tightly bound; “The female chest was frequently exposed, yet the true structure of the female body was visually distorted…”.", "English medieval clothing __knowledge__ The open surcoat, a garment with an open bodice and a skirt that trailed to the ground, became “one of the most elegant inventions of the Middle Ages…”.", "English medieval clothing __knowledge__ In fact, by the end of the 14th century, the gown had replaced all garment items aside from the surcoat.", "Patent leather __knowledge__ Patent leather is a type of coated leather that has a very glossy, shiny finish.", "Patent leather __knowledge__ The coating process was introduced to the United States and improved by inventor Seth Boyden, of Newark, New Jersey, in 1818, with commercial manufacture beginning September 20, 1819.", "Patent leather __knowledge__ Boyden's process, which he did not patent, used a lacquer coating that was based on linseed oil.", "Patent leather __knowledge__ Modern patent leather usually has a plastic coating.", "Patent leather __knowledge__ In general, patent leather begins as a superior grade of fine grain leather and undergoes a process to achieve the glossy look.", "Patent leather __knowledge__ An early reference to patent leather is in the 1793 British periodical \"The Bee, or Literary Weekly Intelligencer\", which notes, in an article entitled \"Hand's patent leather\", that \"a gentleman of the name of Hand\" in Birmingham, England, obtained a patent for preparing flexible leather having a glaze and polish that renders it impervious to water and need only be wiped with a sponge to restore it to its original luster.", "Leather crafting __knowledge__ Leather crafting or simply leathercraft is the practice of making leather into craft objects or works of art, using shaping techniques, coloring techniques or both.", "Leather crafting __knowledge__ Leather(loise kaibigan mo to) وةذقʾints of a tooled piece and so pooling in the background areas give nice contrasts.", "Leather crafting __knowledge__ Leaving parts unstained also provides a type of contrast.", "Leather crafting __knowledge__ Alternatives to spirit stains might include a number of options.", "Leather crafting __knowledge__ Shoe polish can be used to dye and preserve leather.", "Leather crafting __knowledge__ Oils such as neatsfoot or linseed can be applied to preserve leather but darkens them.", "Leather crafting __knowledge__ A wax paste more often than not serves as the final coat.", "Shoemaking __knowledge__ Shoemaking is the process of making footwear.", "Shoemaking __knowledge__ Originally, shoes were made one at a time by hand.", "Shoemaking __knowledge__ Traditional handicraft shoemaking has now been largely superseded in volume of shoes produced by industrial mass production of footwear, but not necessarily in quality, attention to detail, or craftsmanship.", "Shoemaking __knowledge__ Shoemakers (also known as cordwainers) may produce a range of footwear items, including shoes, boots, sandals, clogs and moccasins.", "Shoemaking __knowledge__ Such items are generally made of leather, wood, rubber, plastic, jute or other plant material, and often consist of multiple parts for better durability of the sole, stitched to a leather upper.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps is a dice game in which the players make wagers on the outcome of the roll, or a series of rolls, of a pair of dice.", "Craps __knowledge__ Players may wager money against each other (playing \"street craps\", also known as \"shooting dice,\" \"rolling bones,\" or any combination thereof) or a bank (playing \"casino craps\", also known as \"table craps\", or often just \"craps\").", "Craps __knowledge__ Because it requires little equipment, \"street craps\" can be played in informal settings.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps developed from a simplification of the early English game of \"hazard\".", "Craps __knowledge__ Its origins are complex and may date to the Crusades, later being influenced by French gamblers.", "Saddle __knowledge__ The saddle is a supportive structure for a rider or other load, fastened to an animal's back by a girth.", "Saddle __knowledge__ The most common type is the equestrian saddle designed for a horse, but specialized saddles have been created for camels and other creatures.", "Saddle __knowledge__ It is not known precisely when riders first began to use some sort of padding or protection, but a blanket attached by some form of surcingle or girth was probably the first \"saddle,\" followed later by more elaborate padded designs.", "Saddle __knowledge__ The solid saddle tree was a later invention, and though early stirrup designs predated the invention of the solid tree, the paired stirrup, which attached to the tree, was the last element of the saddle to reach the basic form that is still used today.", "Wehrmacht uniforms __knowledge__ The following is a general overview of the \"Wehrmacht\" main uniforms, though there were so many specialist uniforms and variations that not all (such as camouflage, \"Luftwaffe\", tropical, extreme winter) can be included.", "Wehrmacht uniforms __knowledge__ SS uniforms, not included here, began to break away in 1935 with minor design differences.", "Wehrmacht uniforms __knowledge__ Terms such as \"M40\" and \"M43\" were never designated by the \"Wehrmacht\", but are names given to the different versions of the \"Modell 1936\" field tunic by modern collectors, to discern between variations, as the M36 was steadily simplified and tweaked due to production time problems and combat experience." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Leather __knowledge__ Leather is a durable and flexible material created by tanning animal rawhide and skin, mostly cattle hide.", "Leather __knowledge__ It can be produced at manufacturing scales ranging from cottage industry to heavy industry.", "Leather __knowledge__ People use leather to make various goods—including clothing (e.g., shoes, hats, jackets, skirts, trousers, and belts), bookbinding, leather wallpaper, and as a furniture covering.", "Leather __knowledge__ It is produced in a wide variety of types and styles, decorated by a wide range of techniques.", "Leather __knowledge__ Several tanning processes transform hides and skins into leather: Leather, usually vegetable-tanned, can be oiled to improve its water resistance.", "Leather __knowledge__ This currying process after tanning supplements the natural oils remaining in the leather itself, which can be washed out through repeated exposure to water.", "Leather __knowledge__ Frequent oiling of leather, with mink oil, neatsfoot oil, or a similar material keeps it supple and improves its lifespan dramatically.", "Leather __knowledge__ In general, leather is produced in the following forms: Today, most leather is made of cattle skin, but many exceptions exist.", "Leather __knowledge__ Lamb and deerskin are used for soft leather in more expensive apparel.", "Leather __knowledge__ Deer and elkskin are widely used in work gloves and indoor shoes.", "Leather __knowledge__ Pigskin is used in apparel and on seats of saddles.", "Belt (mechanical) __knowledge__ A belt is a loop of flexible material used to link two or more rotating shafts mechanically, most often parallel.", "Belt (mechanical) __knowledge__ Belts may be used as a source of motion, to transmit power efficiently or to track relative movement.", "Belt (mechanical) __knowledge__ Belts are looped over pulleys and may have a twist between the pulleys, and the shafts need not be parallel.", "Belt (mechanical) __knowledge__ In a two pulley system, the belt can either drive the pulleys normally in one direction (the same if on parallel shafts), or the belt may be crossed, so that the direction of the driven shaft is reversed (the opposite direction to the driver if on parallel shafts).", "Belt (mechanical) __knowledge__ As a source of motion, a conveyor belt is one application where the belt is adapted to carry a load continuously between two points.", "English medieval clothing __knowledge__ Around the year 1300 there was a change in well-off women’s clothing, to tighter-fitting garments, lower necklines, and more curvaceous silhouettes; “very tight lacing was used on women's clothes to create a form-fitting shape which, girdled at the hips, created a long-waisted appearance”.", "English medieval clothing __knowledge__ Clothing was over-lapped and tightly bound; “The female chest was frequently exposed, yet the true structure of the female body was visually distorted…”.", "English medieval clothing __knowledge__ The open surcoat, a garment with an open bodice and a skirt that trailed to the ground, became “one of the most elegant inventions of the Middle Ages…”.", "English medieval clothing __knowledge__ In fact, by the end of the 14th century, the gown had replaced all garment items aside from the surcoat.", "Kilt accessories __knowledge__ The modern, tailored kilt which is ubiquitous at Highland games gatherings around the world has associated with it an evolving style of wear.", "Kilt accessories __knowledge__ This style includes the accessories and other accoutrements which are typically worn with it.", "Kilt accessories __knowledge__ In this sense, it is very much like other items of the fashion world.", "Kilt accessories __knowledge__ Along with this development, a range of opinion concerning proper, appropriate, or even \"correct\" styles has also developed.", "Kilt accessories __knowledge__ Attitudes range from those who hold very firm views on the etiquette of how, where, and with what, to wear the kilt, to those with more relaxed views, such as is represented by the following quotation from Matthew Newsome's \"Patented Advice for the First-Time Kilt Wearer\": This article will attempt to detail some of the more common kilt accessories as seen in actual wearing practice.", "Police duty belt __knowledge__ A police duty belt (sometimes referred to as a gun belt, \"duty rig\" and/or kit belt) is a belt, typically constructed of nylon or leather used by police and security officers to carry equipment easily, in a readily-accessible manner, while leaving the hands free to interact.", "Police duty belt __knowledge__ Many police forces in the United Kingdom began with a uniform consisting of a swallow-tail coat and top hat.", "Police duty belt __knowledge__ A pillbox or kepi hat along with a frock coat were introduced in the 1860s, along with helmets designed especially for protection against attack and the weather.", "Police duty belt __knowledge__ Truncheons themselves had been introduced as early as 1764, however it was not until 1994 that police forces in the UK started to nationally standardise their uniform prompting the introduction of the duty belt to contain such equipment, instead of previously having their staff carry equipment in their handbags or adapted pockets.", "Line shaft __knowledge__ A line shaft is a power driven rotating shaft for power transmission that was used extensively from the Industrial Revolution until the early 20th century.", "Line shaft __knowledge__ Prior to the widespread use of electric motors small enough to be connected directly to each piece of machinery, line shafting was used to distribute power from a large central power source to machinery throughout a workshop or an industrial complex.", "Line shaft __knowledge__ The central power source could be a water wheel, turbine, windmill, animal power or a steam engine.", "Line shaft __knowledge__ Power was distributed from the shaft to the machinery by a system of belts, pulleys and gears known as \"millwork\".", "Anglo-Saxon dress __knowledge__ Anglo-Saxon dress refers to the variety of early medieval European dress, or clothing, worn by the Anglo-Saxons from the time of their migration to Great Britain in the 5th century until the beginning of the Norman Conquest, when Norman fashions from the Continent began to have a major influence in England.", "Anglo-Saxon dress __knowledge__ Anglo-Saxons' clothing usually used only three types of fabric.", "Anglo-Saxon dress __knowledge__ Wool was a coarse material which was used for most garments.", "Anglo-Saxon dress __knowledge__ Lower-class people, such as slaves (\"theowas\") and poorer peasants (\"geburas\"), could only use wool for their garments, even for those worn against the skin.", "Anglo-Saxon dress __knowledge__ Linen, harvested from the flax plant, was a finer material which was used for garments that were worn close to the skin by better-off peasants (\"kotsetlas\" and \"geneatas\") and those above them in the social hierarchy.", "Sami people __knowledge__ The Sami people (also known as the Sámi or the Saami) are a Finno-Ugric people inhabiting Sápmi, which today encompasses large parts of Norway and Sweden, northern parts of Finland, and the Murmansk Oblast of Russia.", "Sami people __knowledge__ The Sami have historically been known in English as the Lapps or the Laplanders, but these terms can be perceived as derogatory.", "Sami people __knowledge__ The Sami are the only indigenous people in Scandinavia that are recognized and protected under the international conventions of indigenous peoples, and are hence one of the northernmost indigenous people of Europe.", "Sami people __knowledge__ Sami ancestral lands are not well-defined.", "Shoe polish __knowledge__ Shoe polish (or boot polish) is a waxy paste, cream, or liquid used to polish, shine, and waterproof leather shoes or boots to extend the footwear's life, and restore, maintain and improve their appearance.", "Shoe polish __knowledge__ Various substances have been used as shoe polish for hundreds of years, starting with natural substances such as wax and tallow.", "Shoe polish __knowledge__ Modern polish formulas were introduced early in the 20th century and many of those original formulations are still in use today.", "Shoe polish __knowledge__ Today, shoe polish is usually made from a mix of natural and synthetic materials, including naphtha, turpentine, dyes, and gum arabic, using straightforward chemical engineering processes." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Leather __knowledge__ Leather is a durable and flexible material created by tanning animal rawhide and skin, mostly cattle hide.", "Leather __knowledge__ It can be produced at manufacturing scales ranging from cottage industry to heavy industry.", "Leather __knowledge__ People use leather to make various goods—including clothing (e.g., shoes, hats, jackets, skirts, trousers, and belts), bookbinding, leather wallpaper, and as a furniture covering.", "Leather __knowledge__ It is produced in a wide variety of types and styles, decorated by a wide range of techniques.", "Leather __knowledge__ Several tanning processes transform hides and skins into leather: Leather, usually vegetable-tanned, can be oiled to improve its water resistance.", "Leather __knowledge__ This currying process after tanning supplements the natural oils remaining in the leather itself, which can be washed out through repeated exposure to water.", "Leather __knowledge__ Frequent oiling of leather, with mink oil, neatsfoot oil, or a similar material keeps it supple and improves its lifespan dramatically.", "Leather __knowledge__ In general, leather is produced in the following forms: Today, most leather is made of cattle skin, but many exceptions exist.", "Leather __knowledge__ Lamb and deerskin are used for soft leather in more expensive apparel.", "Leather __knowledge__ Deer and elkskin are widely used in work gloves and indoor shoes.", "Leather __knowledge__ Pigskin is used in apparel and on seats of saddles.", "North American fur trade __knowledge__ The North American fur trade was the industry and activities related to the acquisition, trade, exchange, and sale of animal furs in North America.", "North American fur trade __knowledge__ Aboriginal peoples in Canada and Native Americans in the United States of different regions traded among themselves in the Pre-Columbian Era, but Europeans participated in the trade beginning from the time of their arrival in the New World and extended its reach to Europe.", "North American fur trade __knowledge__ The French started trading in the 16th century, the English established trading posts on Hudson Bay in present-day Canada in the 17th century, and the Dutch had trade by the same time in New Netherland.", "Yup'ik clothing __knowledge__ Yup'ik clothing (Yup'ik \"aturaq\" \"aturak\" \"aturat\" , \"aklu\", \"akluq\", \"un’u\" ; also, \"piluguk\" in Unaliq-Pastuliq dialect, \"aklu\", \"cangssagar\", \"un’u\" in Nunivak dialect) refers to the traditional Eskimo-style clothing worn by the Yupik people of southwestern Alaska.", "Yup'ik clothing __knowledge__ Also known as Cup'ik clothing for the Chevak Cup'ik-speaking people of Chevak and Cup'ig clothing for the Nunivak Cup'ig-speaking people of Nunivak Island.", "Yup'ik clothing __knowledge__ The traditional clothing system developed and used by the Eskimo peoples is the most effective cold weather clothing developed to date.", "Yup'ik clothing __knowledge__ Yup'ik women made clothes and footwear from animal skins (especially hide and fur of marine and land mammals for fur clothing, sometimes birds, also fish), sewn together using needles made from animal bones, walrus ivory, and bird bones such as front part of a crane's foot and threads made from other animal products, such as sinew.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the California coast, the use of ships and the Pacific Ocean has historically included water craft (such as dugouts, canoes, sailing ships, and steamships), fisheries, shipbuilding, Gold Rush shipping, ports, shipwrecks, naval ships and installations, and lighthouses.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ The maritime history of California can be divided into several periods: the Native American period; European exploration period from 1542 to 1769; the Spanish colonial period, 1769 to 1821; the Mexican period, 1821 to 1847; and United States statehood period, which continues to the present day.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the northwest coast of California near the redwood forests several Indian tribes developed large dugout canoes they used for fishing, trade and warfare.", "Old Bazaar, Gjakova __knowledge__ The Old Bazaar (; ) in Gjakova is the oldest bazaar in Kosovo (also known as \"Çarshia e Madhe\" (Grand Bazaar) or \"Dakovica\".", "Old Bazaar, Gjakova __knowledge__ Mëhalla e Hadumit, the historical neighborhood where it is located also houses the city's oldest mosque, the Hadum Mosque (\"), which dates from the 15th century.", "Old Bazaar, Gjakova __knowledge__ The Grand Bazaar (from the meaning \"marketplace\" ) was the heart of the economy in Gjakova, a city of trade and merchandise which served the villages around the municipality of Gjakova, the Junik zone and Gjakova’s highlands (Malësia e Gjakovës) on the border between Kosovo and Albania.", "Old Bazaar, Gjakova __knowledge__ The Old Bazaar was burnt and destroyed and then it was reconstructed after suffering damage during the 1999 war (the last war in Kosovo).", "Oregon Trail __knowledge__ The Oregon Trail is a historic east–west, large-wheeled wagon route and emigrant trail in the United States that connected the Missouri River to valleys in Oregon.", "Oregon Trail __knowledge__ The eastern part of the Oregon Trail spanned part of the future state of Kansas, and nearly all of what are now the states of Nebraska and Wyoming.", "Oregon Trail __knowledge__ The western half of the trail spanned most of the future states of Idaho and Oregon.", "Oregon Trail __knowledge__ The Oregon Trail was laid by fur traders and traders from about 1811 to 1840, and was only passable on foot or by horseback.", "Oregon Trail __knowledge__ By 1836, when the first migrant wagon train was organized in Independence, Missouri, a wagon trail had been cleared to Fort Hall, Idaho.", "Mohawk people __knowledge__ The Mohawk people (who identify as Kanien'kehá:ka) are the most easterly tribe of the Haudenosaunee, or Iroquois Confederacy.", "Mohawk people __knowledge__ They are an Iroquoian-speaking indigenous people of North America.", "Mohawk people __knowledge__ The Mohawk were historically based in the Mohawk Valley in present-day upstate New York west of the Hudson River; their territory ranged north to the St. Lawrence River, southern Quebec and eastern Ontario; south to greater New Jersey and into Pennsylvania; eastward to the Green Mountains of Vermont; and westward to the border with the Iroquoian Oneida Nation's traditional homeland territory.", "Mohawk people __knowledge__ As one of the five original members of the Iroquois League, the Mohawk were known as the Keepers of the Eastern Door.", "Taiko __knowledge__ Taiko have a mythological origin in Japanese folklore, but historical records suggest that taiko were introduced to Japan through Korean and Chinese cultural influence as early as the 6th century CE.", "Taiko __knowledge__ Some taiko are similar to instruments originating from India.", "Taiko __knowledge__ Archaeological evidence also supports that taiko were present in Japan during the 6th century in the Kofun period.", "Taiko __knowledge__ Their function has varied through history, ranging from communication, military action, theatrical accompaniment, and religious ceremony to both festival and concert performances.", "Taiko __knowledge__ In modern times, taiko have also played a central role in social movements for minorities both within and outside Japan.", "Comanche __knowledge__ The Comanche () are a Native American nation from the Great Plains whose historic territory, known as Comancheria, consisted of present-day eastern New Mexico, southeastern Colorado, southwestern Kansas, western Oklahoma, and most of northwest Texas and northern Chihuahua.", "Comanche __knowledge__ The Comanche people are federally recognized as the Comanche Nation, headquartered in Lawton, Oklahoma.", "Comanche __knowledge__ Post-contact, the Comanches were hunter-gatherers with a horse culture.", "Comanche __knowledge__ There may have been as many as 45,000 Comanches in the late 18th century.", "Comanche __knowledge__ They were the dominant tribe on the Southern Plains and often took captives from weaker tribes during warfare, selling them as slaves to the Spanish and later Mexican settlers.", "Driving glove __knowledge__ A driving glove is a hand covering, typically constructed of very thin, soft leather, used to give a driver increased control of the vehicle through enhanced grip of the steering wheel and gear stick.", "Driving glove __knowledge__ The grain present on the leather and the pores present in the leather give the gloves the unique ability to assist the wearer as he or she grips the steering wheel and gear stick.", "Driving glove __knowledge__ As soft as a leather glove may be, its pores and grain provide a level of friction when \"gripped\" against an item or surface.", "Driving glove __knowledge__ The gloves usually have separate sheaths or openings for each finger and the thumb.", "Driving glove __knowledge__ They are designed for holding a steering wheel.", "Deerskin trade __knowledge__ The deerskin trade between Colonial America and the Native Americans was one of the most important trading relationships between Europeans and Native Americans, especially in the southeast.", "Deerskin trade __knowledge__ It was a form of the fur trade, but less known, since deer skins were not as valuable as furs from the north (such as beaver).", "Deerskin trade __knowledge__ Colonial deerskin exports were an important source of raw material for the European markets.", "Deerskin trade __knowledge__ The Cherokee mainly traded their deer-skins to the English, and the Shawnee traded deer skins to both the French and English colonies prior to 1760.", "Deerskin trade __knowledge__ In the early 18th century, after King William's War, the beaver fur trade declined dramatically while the deerskin trade boomed.", "Moccasin __knowledge__ A moccasin is a shoe, made of deerskin or other soft leather, consisting of a sole (made with leather that has not been \"worked\") and sides made of one piece of leather, stitched together at the top, and sometimes with a vamp (additional panel of leather).", "Moccasin __knowledge__ The sole is soft and flexible and the upper part often is adorned with embroidery or beading.", "Moccasin __knowledge__ Though sometimes worn inside, it is chiefly intended for outdoor use, as in exploring wildernesses and running.", "Moccasin __knowledge__ Historically, it is the footwear of many indigenous people of North America; moreover, hunters, traders, and European settlers wore them.", "Moccasin __knowledge__ Etymologically, the \"moccasin\" derives from the Algonquian language Powhatan word \"makasin\" (cognate to Massachusett \"mohkisson\" / \"mokussin\", Ojibwa \"makizin\", Mi'kmaq \"mksɨn\"), and from the Proto-Algonquian word *\"maxkeseni\" (shoe)." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 9, 10 ]

[ "I bet it's so warm! I love how durable and flexible leather is", "No but i have leather and fur winter shoes, i also have leather belts", "i just learned that lamb and deerskin are used for soft leather in more expensive apparek", "yeah, deer skin are widely used in work gloves and indoor shoes. i don't think i ever owed anything with deer skin leather" ]

[ "Leather", "Leather", "Leather", "Leather" ]

[ "Jimmy Fallon", "I find him annoying. The best thing he did was play in that Taxi Movie with queen latifah", "Now day's he is to pushy with his opinions. He just needs to chill out. Do you have any clue how old he is?", "That makes sense now, as he gets older he is getting cranky. My wife lives his TV show." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ James Thomas Fallon (born September 19, 1974) is an American comedian, actor, television host and musician.", "Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ He is known for his work in television as a cast member on \"Saturday Night Live\" and as the host of late-night talk show \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\" and before that \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\".", "Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ He was born in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn and raised in Saugerties, New York.", "Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ He grew up with an interest in comedy and music, moving to Los Angeles at 21 to pursue opportunities in stand-up comedy.", "Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ He was commissioned to join NBC's \"Saturday Night Live\" as a cast member in 1998, fulfilling a lifelong dream.", "Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ Fallon remained on \"SNL\" for six years between 1998 and 2004, co-hosting the program's Weekend Update segment and becoming a celebrity in the process.", "Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ He left the program for the film industry, starring in films such as \"Taxi\" (2004) and \"Fever Pitch\" (2005).", "Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ Following his film career, Fallon returned to television as the host of \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\" on NBC in 2009, where he became well known for his emphasis on music and games.", "Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ He moved from that program to become the sixth permanent host of the long-running \"The Tonight Show\" in 2014.", "Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ In addition to his television work, Fallon has released two comedy albums and five books." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ James Thomas Fallon (born September 19, 1974) is an American comedian, actor, television host and musician.", "Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ He is known for his work in television as a cast member on \"Saturday Night Live\" and as the host of late-night talk show \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\" and before that \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\".", "Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ He was born in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn and raised in Saugerties, New York.", "Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ He grew up with an interest in comedy and music, moving to Los Angeles at 21 to pursue opportunities in stand-up comedy.", "Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ He was commissioned to join NBC's \"Saturday Night Live\" as a cast member in 1998, fulfilling a lifelong dream.", "Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ Fallon remained on \"SNL\" for six years between 1998 and 2004, co-hosting the program's Weekend Update segment and becoming a celebrity in the process.", "Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ He left the program for the film industry, starring in films such as \"Taxi\" (2004) and \"Fever Pitch\" (2005).", "Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ Following his film career, Fallon returned to television as the host of \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\" on NBC in 2009, where he became well known for his emphasis on music and games.", "Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ He moved from that program to become the sixth permanent host of the long-running \"The Tonight Show\" in 2014.", "Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ In addition to his television work, Fallon has released two comedy albums and five books.", "Queen Latifah __knowledge__ Dana Elaine Owens (born March 18, 1970), known professionally by her stage name Queen Latifah, is an American rapper, songwriter, singer, actress, model, television producer, record producer, and talk show host.", "Queen Latifah __knowledge__ Born in Newark, New Jersey, she signed with Tommy Boy Records in 1989 and released her debut album \"All Hail the Queen\" the same year, featuring the hit single \"Ladies First\".", "Queen Latifah __knowledge__ \"Nature of a Sista\" (1991) was her second and final album with Tommy Boy Records.", "Queen Latifah __knowledge__ Latifah starred as Khadijah James on the FOX sitcom \"Living Single\", from 1993 to 1998.", "Queen Latifah __knowledge__ Her third album \"Black Reign\" (1993), spawned the single \"U.N.I.T.Y.", "Last Holiday (2006 film) __knowledge__ Last Holiday is a 2006 American romantic comedy-drama film starring Queen Latifah and directed by Wayne Wang.", "Last Holiday (2006 film) __knowledge__ Latifah plays a humble store assistant, Georgia, who is told that she has a rare brain condition, and only a few weeks to live.", "Last Holiday (2006 film) __knowledge__ She decides to spend her last funds on a luxury holiday in Europe before she dies.", "Last Holiday (2006 film) __knowledge__ The screenplay by Jeffrey Price and Peter S. Seaman was loosely adapted from the 1950 British film of the same name by J.", "Last Holiday (2006 film) __knowledge__ B. Priestley.", "Last Holiday (2006 film) __knowledge__ The writers were wanting John Candy for the star-role, but he died and Latifah’s agent suggested a new version starring her.", "Last Holiday (2006 film) __knowledge__ It gained mixed reviews, but Latifah's performance was universally praised for charm and humor.", "The Queen Latifah Show __knowledge__ The Queen Latifah Show is the title of two American television talk show programs hosted by the actress, singer and entertainer Queen Latifah.", "The Queen Latifah Show __knowledge__ The original \"The Queen Latifah Show\" ran from September 13, 1999 to August 31, 2001.", "The Queen Latifah Show __knowledge__ The revamped \"The Queen Latifah Show\" debuted September 16, 2013, and was renewed for a second season in January 2014.", "The Queen Latifah Show __knowledge__ On November 21, 2014, Sony Pictures Television cancelled \"The Queen Latifah Show\" after two seasons due to low ratings.", "The Queen Latifah Show __knowledge__ Production ceased on December 18, 2014 and the final episode aired on March 6, 2015, with reruns that continued airing until the end of the television season.", "Foxy Brown (rapper) __knowledge__ Inga DeCarlo Fung Marchand (born September 6, 1978), better known by her stage name Foxy Brown, is an American rapper, model, and actress.", "Foxy Brown (rapper) __knowledge__ She is of mixed Afro-Trinidadian, Indo-Trinidadian and Chinese Trinidadian descent.", "Foxy Brown (rapper) __knowledge__ She is best known for her solo work, as well as numerous collaborations with other artists and her brief stint as part of hip hop group The Firm.", "Foxy Brown (rapper) __knowledge__ Raised in Brooklyn, New York, her father Winston Marchand abandoned the family at a young age to pursue his career at ERAC records.", "Foxy Brown (rapper) __knowledge__ Her albums include \"Ill Na Na\" in 1996, followed by \"Chyna Doll\" in 1999, and Grammy-nominated \"Broken Silence\" in 2001.", "Best Thing I Never Had __knowledge__ \"Best Thing I Never Had\" is a song recorded by American singer Beyoncé for her fourth studio album, \"4\" (2011).", "Best Thing I Never Had __knowledge__ It was released by Columbia Records on June 1, 2011, as the third single from the album.", "Best Thing I Never Had __knowledge__ \"Best Thing I Never Had\" was composed by Patrick \"J. Que\" Smith, Kenneth \"Babyface\" Edmonds, Symbolyc One, Caleb McCambpell, Antonio Dixon, Beyoncé, and Shea Taylor.", "Best Thing I Never Had __knowledge__ The song was originally not written as a ballad, but was inspired by the drumming on Doug E. Fresh's 1985 single \"The Show\".", "Best Thing I Never Had __knowledge__ Beyoncé said that both men and women should be able to relate to the song.", "Best Thing I Never Had __knowledge__ A pop and R&B ballad, the subjects of \"Best Thing I Never Had\" are revenge and karma.", "Nature of a Sista' __knowledge__ Nature of a Sista' is the second studio album by American rapper Queen Latifah, which was released on September 23, 1991, through Tommy Boy Records.", "Nature of a Sista' __knowledge__ It was Latifah's final album with the record label and served as a follow-up to her 1989 debut album \"All Hail the Queen\".", "Nature of a Sista' __knowledge__ Latifah worked as an executive producer for \"Nature of a Sista'\" alongside American producer Shakim Compere.", "Nature of a Sista' __knowledge__ Although predominantly a hip hop album, it includes elements of reggae, jazz, R&B, new jack swing, and house music.", "Nature of a Sista' __knowledge__ The lyrics of the album's songs revolve gender politics and romance.", "Nature of a Sista' __knowledge__ While discussing the album's overall style, Latifah said she moved away from hardcore hip hop to experiment with other music genres and to have more creative control over her work.", "Let's Stay Together (30 Rock) __knowledge__ \"Let's Stay Together\" is the of the fifth season of the American television comedy series \"30 Rock\", and the 83rd overall episode of the series.", "Let's Stay Together (30 Rock) __knowledge__ It was directed by co-executive producer John Riggi and written by co-executive producer Jack Burditt.", "Let's Stay Together (30 Rock) __knowledge__ The episode originally aired on the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) network in the United States on October 7, 2010.", "Let's Stay Together (30 Rock) __knowledge__ Guest stars in this episode include John Amos, Todd Buonopane, Reg E. Cathey, Queen Latifah and Rob Reiner.", "Let's Stay Together (30 Rock) __knowledge__ In the episode, Jack Donaghy (Alec Baldwin) must appear before Congress to discuss NBC's merger with the fictitious company network KableTown (a parody of Comcast).", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The following is a list of recurring games, sketches, and other comedy routines from the NBC late night talk show \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", and its predecessor, \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The sketches feature host Jimmy Fallon, house band The Roots, announcer/sidekick Steve Higgins, the show's writers, celebrity guests, and audience members.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Most of the skits below appeared only on \"Late Night\", while some have carried over to the \"Tonight Show\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Every Tuesday on the show, Jimmy weighs the pros and cons of a topic that's currently in the news, with the pros being the setups and the cons being the punchlines.", "Late Night with Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ Late Night with Jimmy Fallon is an American late-night talk show hosted by comedian Jimmy Fallon.", "Late Night with Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ The hour-long show, which premiered on March 2, 2009, and ended on February 7, 2014, aired weeknights at 12:35 am Eastern/11:35 pm Central on NBC in the United States.", "Late Night with Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ The third incarnation of the \"Late Night\" franchise originated by David Letterman, the program originated from NBC Studio 6B (and Studio 6A for the final 6 months of its run) in the GE Building at 30 Rockefeller Center in New York City.", "Late Night with Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ The show typically opened with a brief monologue from Fallon, followed by a comedy \"desk piece,\" as well as prerecorded segments and audience competitions.", "The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon is an American late-night talk show hosted by Jimmy Fallon, on NBC.", "The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ The show premiered on February 17, 2014, and is produced by Broadway Video and Universal Television.", "The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ It is the seventh incarnation of NBC's long-running \"Tonight Show\" franchise, with Fallon serving as the sixth host.", "The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ The show also stars sidekick and announcer Steve Higgins and house band The Roots.", "The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ \"The Tonight Show\" is produced by Katie Hockmeyer and executive-produced by Lorne Michaels.", "The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ The show records from Studio 6B in Rockefeller Center, New York City.", "The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ This was where \"The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson\" was filmed until 1972.", "Race Through New York Starring Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ Race Through New York Starring Jimmy Fallon is a 3D motion-simulator attraction at Universal Studios Florida based on Jimmy Fallon's tenure at \"The Tonight Show\".", "Race Through New York Starring Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ It opened on April 6, 2017.", "Race Through New York Starring Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\" is an American late-night talk show hosted by \"Saturday Night Live\" alum, Jimmy Fallon, on NBC.", "Race Through New York Starring Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ The show premiered on February 17, 2014, and it is the seventh incarnation of NBC's long-running \"Tonight Show\" franchise, with Fallon serving as the sixth host.", "Race Through New York Starring Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ The show also stars sidekick and announcer Steve Higgins and house band The Roots.", "Race Through New York Starring Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ \"The Tonight Show\" originates from Studio 6B, where Johnny Carson's \"Tonight Show\" also was taped, in Rockefeller Center, New York City.", "2010 Tonight Show conflict __knowledge__ The 2010 \"Tonight Show\" conflict was a media and public relations conflict involving American television network NBC and two of its then-late-night talk show hosts, Conan O'Brien and Jay Leno.", "2010 Tonight Show conflict __knowledge__ Leno, the host of long-running franchise \"The Tonight Show\" since 1992, and O'Brien, host of \"Late Night\" since 1993, were strong ratings leaders for the network for much of the decade.", "2010 Tonight Show conflict __knowledge__ When O'Brien's contract neared its end and he was courted by other networks in 2001, NBC extended his contract and essentially guaranteed him he would be the fifth host of \"The Tonight Show\".", "2010 Tonight Show conflict __knowledge__ The network neglected to let Leno know this until his contract extension in 2004, when they informed him he would remain host for five more years and then transition the show to O'Brien in 2009.", "The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien __knowledge__ The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien is an American late-night talk show that featured Conan O'Brien as host from June 1, 2009, to January 22, 2010, as part of NBC's long-running \"Tonight Show\" franchise.", "The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien __knowledge__ O'Brien previously hosted NBC's \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\", which followed \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\" for 16 years, until his brief succession over Leno.", "The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien __knowledge__ Many members of the \"Late Night\" cast and crew made the transition to \"The Tonight Show\".", "The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien __knowledge__ The Max Weinberg 7, the house band from O'Brien's \"Late Night\", served as the house band under the new name, Max Weinberg and The Tonight Show Band." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ James Thomas Fallon (born September 19, 1974) is an American comedian, actor, television host and musician.", "Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ He is known for his work in television as a cast member on \"Saturday Night Live\" and as the host of late-night talk show \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\" and before that \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\".", "Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ He was born in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn and raised in Saugerties, New York.", "Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ He grew up with an interest in comedy and music, moving to Los Angeles at 21 to pursue opportunities in stand-up comedy.", "Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ He was commissioned to join NBC's \"Saturday Night Live\" as a cast member in 1998, fulfilling a lifelong dream.", "Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ Fallon remained on \"SNL\" for six years between 1998 and 2004, co-hosting the program's Weekend Update segment and becoming a celebrity in the process.", "Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ He left the program for the film industry, starring in films such as \"Taxi\" (2004) and \"Fever Pitch\" (2005).", "Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ Following his film career, Fallon returned to television as the host of \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\" on NBC in 2009, where he became well known for his emphasis on music and games.", "Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ He moved from that program to become the sixth permanent host of the long-running \"The Tonight Show\" in 2014.", "Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ In addition to his television work, Fallon has released two comedy albums and five books.", "Blue Crush 2 __knowledge__ Blue Crush 2 is a 2011 direct-to-video film directed by Mike Elliott, and stars Sasha Jackson, Elizabeth Mathis, Ben Milliken, Chris Fisher, Gideon Emery and Sharni Vinson.Despite the title, it is not considered to be connected to the 2002 film \"Blue Crush\".", "Blue Crush 2 __knowledge__ Film reviews were generally negative.", "Blue Crush 2 __knowledge__ After looking through her dead mother's diary filled with pictures of her time surfing in South Africa, Dana (Sasha Jackson) decides to leave California to travel there, surfing everywhere her mother did as well as Jeffreys Bay, where her mother always wanted to surf but never did.", "Blue Crush 2 __knowledge__ Dana leaves while her father (Gideon Emery) is away on a business trip taking a wooden carving with her.", "Joe Chill __knowledge__ Joe Chill is a fictional character appearing in comic books published by DC Comics, commonly in association with the superhero Batman.", "Joe Chill __knowledge__ Created by Bill Finger and Bob Kane, the character first appeared in \"Detective Comics\" #33 (November 1939).", "Joe Chill __knowledge__ In Batman's origin story, Joe Chill is the Gotham City mugger who murders young Bruce Wayne's parents, Dr. Thomas Wayne and Martha Wayne.", "Joe Chill __knowledge__ The murder traumatizes Bruce, and he swears to avenge their deaths by fighting crime as the vigilante Batman.", "Joe Chill __knowledge__ Joe Chill first appears in \"Detective Comics\" #33 and was created by Bill Finger and Bob Kane.", "Joe Chill __knowledge__ Not much is known about Chill except that he is, in most versions of \"Batman\", a petty mugger who kills Bruce's parents Thomas and Martha while trying to take their money and jewelry.", "The Amazing Race __knowledge__ The Amazing Race is a reality television game show in which teams of two people race around the world in competition with other teams.", "The Amazing Race __knowledge__ Contestants strive to arrive first at \"Pit Stops\" at the end of each leg of the race to win prizes and to avoid coming in last, which carries the possibility of elimination or a significant disadvantage in the following leg.", "The Amazing Race __knowledge__ Contestants travel to and within multiple countries in a variety of transportation modes, including airplanes, hot air balloons, helicopters, trucks, bicycles, taxicabs, cars, trains, buses, boats, and by foot.", "The Amazing Race __knowledge__ Clues provided in each leg lead the teams to the next destination or direct them to perform a task, either together or by a single member.", "Crossword __knowledge__ A crossword is a word puzzle that usually takes the form of a square or a rectangular grid of white-and black-shaded squares.", "Crossword __knowledge__ The game's goal is to fill the white squares with letters, forming words or phrases, by solving clues, which lead to the answers.", "Crossword __knowledge__ In languages that are written left-to-right, the answer words and phrases are placed in the grid from left to right and from top to bottom.", "Crossword __knowledge__ The shaded squares are used to separate the words or phrases.", "Crossword __knowledge__ Crossword grids such as those appearing in most North American newspapers and magazines feature solid areas of white squares.", "Crossword __knowledge__ Every letter is checked (i.e.", "Cryptic crossword __knowledge__ A cryptic crossword is a crossword puzzle in which each clue is a word puzzle in and of itself.", "Cryptic crossword __knowledge__ Cryptic crosswords are particularly popular in the United Kingdom, where they originated, Ireland, Israel, the Netherlands, and in several Commonwealth nations, including Australia, Canada, India, Kenya, Malta, New Zealand, and South Africa.", "Cryptic crossword __knowledge__ In the United States, cryptics are sometimes known as \"British-style\" crosswords.", "Cryptic crossword __knowledge__ Compilers of cryptic crosswords are commonly called \"setters\" in the UK.", "Cryptic crossword __knowledge__ Cryptic crossword puzzles come in two main types: the basic cryptic in which each clue answer is entered into the diagram normally, and \"themed\" or \"variety\" cryptics, in which some or all of the answers must be altered before entering, usually in accordance with a hidden pattern or rule which must be discovered by the solver.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that appear in \"\".", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The characters are listed in alphabetical order.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ Most characters are seen in their classic appearance (Catwoman, Green Arrow), while others (Blue Beetle) have their current costume.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ Some have even been re-imagined for the show (the Outsiders).", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The characters are described below using in-universe tone.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ 'Mazing Man is a short man who dresses up as a superhero.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ In the \"Kitty Catastrophe\" segment of \"Four Star Spectacular\", he is the accident-prone catsitter for a couple named Owen and Fiona.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ It is apparent that Batman is his favorite superhero and the inspiration for his costume.", "The 39 Clues __knowledge__ The 39 Clues is a series of adventure novels written by a collaboration of authors, including Rick Riordan, Gordon Korman, Peter Lerangis, Jude Watson, Patrick Carman, Linda Sue Park, Margaret Peterson Haddix, Roland Smith, David Baldacci, Jeff Hirsch, Natalie Standiford, C. Alexander London, Sarwat Chadda and Jenny Goebel.", "The 39 Clues __knowledge__ It consists of five series, \"The Clue Hunt\", \"Cahills vs. Vespers\", \"Unstoppable\", \"Doublecross\", and recently released, \"Superspecial\".", "The 39 Clues __knowledge__ They chronicle the adventures of two siblings, Amy and Dan Cahill, who discover that their family, the Cahills, has been the most influential family in history.", "The Land of Gorch __knowledge__ The Land of Gorch was a recurring skit that appeared in season one of the American comedy television program \"Saturday Night Live,\" featuring Jim Henson's Muppets.", "The Land of Gorch __knowledge__ Prior to his work for children on \"Sesame Street\", Henson had created puppetry work, including his show \"Sam and Friends\", for adult audiences.", "The Land of Gorch __knowledge__ His characters appeared regularly on the late-night comedy television programs, and \"The Ed Sullivan Show\".", "The Land of Gorch __knowledge__ After \"Sesame Street\", Henson feared he would become typecast into working on children's television series.", "The Land of Gorch __knowledge__ His talent agent Bernie Brillstein, who represented Gilda Radner, Dan Aykroyd, and John Belushi, helped him transition to \"Saturday Night Live\".", "Saturday Night Live __knowledge__ Saturday Night Live (SNL) is an American late-night live television variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol.", "Saturday Night Live __knowledge__ The show premiered on NBC on October 11, 1975, under the original title NBC's Saturday Night.", "Saturday Night Live __knowledge__ The show's comedy sketches, which parody contemporary culture and politics, are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members.", "Saturday Night Live __knowledge__ Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest, who usually delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast as with featured performances by a musical guest.", "Saturday Night Live __knowledge__ An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming, \"Live from New York, it's Saturday Night!", "The Last Voyage of the Starship Enterprise __knowledge__ \"The Last Voyage of the Starship \"Enterprise\"\" is a comedy sketch that first aired on May 29, 1976, during episode 22 of the first season of the NBC variety show, \"Saturday Night Live\".", "The Last Voyage of the Starship Enterprise __knowledge__ The twelve-minute sketch was written by Michael O'Donoghue during a month-long process consulting with actor John Belushi.", "The Last Voyage of the Starship Enterprise __knowledge__ The sketch is a satire of the 1969 cancellation of \"\".", "The Last Voyage of the Starship Enterprise __knowledge__ The set design featured an effective replica of the bridge of the U.S.S \"Enterprise\".", "The Last Voyage of the Starship Enterprise __knowledge__ Dress rehearsal was difficult, with the writer doubting whether Belushi would be able to pull off an effective parody of William Shatner's performance as Captain James Kirk.", "Don Roy King __knowledge__ Don Roy King is the director of \"Saturday Night Live\", having assumed the role in 2006.", "Don Roy King __knowledge__ He is the recipient of 9 Emmy awards and 17 nominations.", "Don Roy King __knowledge__ His work on \"Saturday Night Live\" has earned him seven Primetime Emmys and eleven nominations.", "Don Roy King __knowledge__ Mr. King has also been nominated for five Daytime Emmys for Outstanding Individual Direction For A Variety Show.", "Don Roy King __knowledge__ He won in 1977 for \"The Mike Douglas Show.\"", "Don Roy King __knowledge__ In 1991, he won an Emmy for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Graphic Design for his work on \"CBS Evening News with Dan Rather.\"", "Don Roy King __knowledge__ He has been nominated for eleven DGA (Director's Guild of America) awards, which he won in 2014, 2016 and 2017.", "History of Saturday Night Live (1975–80) __knowledge__ \"Saturday Night Live\" is an American sketch comedy series created and produced by Lorne Michaels for most of the show's run.", "History of Saturday Night Live (1975–80) __knowledge__ The show has aired on NBC since 1975.", "History of Saturday Night Live (1975–80) __knowledge__ \"Saturday Night Live\" was not an immediate hit with an emphasis on musical performances, the show soon developed its own identity with help from the \"Not Ready For Prime Time Players\".", "History of Saturday Night Live (1975–80) __knowledge__ After an unstable first season, more and more sketch comedy got on the air, and \"SNL\" became something of a New York institution.", "History of Saturday Night Live (1975–80) __knowledge__ The first four seasons of the show were a hit both commercially and critically, catapulting the original cast into stardom.", "Gilda Radner __knowledge__ Gilda Susan Radner (June 28, 1946 – May 20, 1989) was an American comedian, actress, and one of seven original cast members of the NBC sketch comedy show \"Saturday Night Live\" (\"SNL\").", "Gilda Radner __knowledge__ In her routines, Radner specialized in broad and obnoxious parodies of television stereotypes, such as annoying advice specialists and news anchors.", "Gilda Radner __knowledge__ She also portrayed those characters in her highly successful one-woman show on Broadway in 1979.", "Gilda Radner __knowledge__ Radner died from ovarian cancer in 1989, and her life and legacy from \"SNL\" established her as an iconic figure in the history of American comedy.", "Gilda Radner __knowledge__ Her widower, Gene Wilder, carried out her personal wish that information about her illness would help other cancer victims.", "Maya Rudolph __knowledge__ Maya Khabira Rudolph (born July 27, 1972) is an American actress, comedian and singer.", "Maya Rudolph __knowledge__ Rudolph first gained prominence in the mid-1990s as a member of the alternative rock band The Rentals before joining The Groundlings improv troupe later in the decade.", "Maya Rudolph __knowledge__ In 2000, Rudolph became a cast member on the NBC television series \"Saturday Night Live\" and subsequently appeared in supporting roles in films such as \"50 First Dates\" (2004) and \"A Prairie Home Companion\" (2006).", "Maya Rudolph __knowledge__ Since leaving \"Saturday Night Live\" in 2007, Rudolph has appeared in \"Grown Ups\" (2010), \"Bridesmaids\" (2011), \"Grown Ups 2\" (2013) and \"Sisters\" (2015)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ James Thomas Fallon (born September 19, 1974) is an American comedian, actor, television host and musician.", "Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ He is known for his work in television as a cast member on \"Saturday Night Live\" and as the host of late-night talk show \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\" and before that \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\".", "Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ He was born in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn and raised in Saugerties, New York.", "Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ He grew up with an interest in comedy and music, moving to Los Angeles at 21 to pursue opportunities in stand-up comedy.", "Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ He was commissioned to join NBC's \"Saturday Night Live\" as a cast member in 1998, fulfilling a lifelong dream.", "Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ Fallon remained on \"SNL\" for six years between 1998 and 2004, co-hosting the program's Weekend Update segment and becoming a celebrity in the process.", "Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ He left the program for the film industry, starring in films such as \"Taxi\" (2004) and \"Fever Pitch\" (2005).", "Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ Following his film career, Fallon returned to television as the host of \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\" on NBC in 2009, where he became well known for his emphasis on music and games.", "Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ He moved from that program to become the sixth permanent host of the long-running \"The Tonight Show\" in 2014.", "Jimmy Fallon __knowledge__ In addition to his television work, Fallon has released two comedy albums and five books.", "List of Donkey Kong characters __knowledge__ This page lists all the characters from the \"Donkey Kong\" franchise.", "List of Donkey Kong characters __knowledge__ The Kongs are a group of apes (mostly gorillas) and monkeys.", "List of Donkey Kong characters __knowledge__ The Kong Family (also known as the Kong Klan and the DK Crew) is the name of all of Donkey Kong's family and friends.", "List of Donkey Kong characters __knowledge__ Though they share the same last name, not all of them are related to one another.", "List of Donkey Kong characters __knowledge__ Instead, the name is a sign of their union as a species, tribe and/or clan.", "List of Donkey Kong characters __knowledge__ Thus, membership in the Kong Family appears to be earned.", "List of Donkey Kong characters __knowledge__ They are always at odds with the evil Kremling Krew who are always attempting to steal their Banana Hoard or kidnap them.", "List of Donkey Kong characters __knowledge__ In some games, they are playable or supporting characters.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that appear in \"\".", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The characters are listed in alphabetical order.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ Most characters are seen in their classic appearance (Catwoman, Green Arrow), while others (Blue Beetle) have their current costume.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ Some have even been re-imagined for the show (the Outsiders).", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The characters are described below using in-universe tone.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ 'Mazing Man is a short man who dresses up as a superhero.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ In the \"Kitty Catastrophe\" segment of \"Four Star Spectacular\", he is the accident-prone catsitter for a couple named Owen and Fiona.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ It is apparent that Batman is his favorite superhero and the inspiration for his costume.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "The Phantom Stallion __knowledge__ The Phantom Stallion books, first published in 2002 by Avon Books, are a series written for young adult readers by American Terri Farley.", "The Phantom Stallion __knowledge__ The main character is a girl named Samantha \"Sam\" Forster who shares a unique bond with a wild horse called The Phantom Stallion.", "The Phantom Stallion __knowledge__ Having spent two years away from her family's Las Vegas, Nevada ranch to recover from a riding accident, Sam returns home to find that things are never easy where horses are concerned.", "The Phantom Stallion __knowledge__ There are 24 books in the series with one million copies sold worldwide.", "The Phantom Stallion __knowledge__ Almost every book has a new equine character as its focus and Sam and her friends battle horse thieves, cougars, earthquakes and more to keep their horses safe.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Thomas & Friends annuals __knowledge__ \"Thomas & Friends\" annuals are books relating to the British children's television series \"Thomas & Friends\".", "Thomas & Friends annuals __knowledge__ After the Railway Series was published, many Thomas Annuals were printed and sold.", "Thomas & Friends annuals __knowledge__ They are still being made in print to this day.", "Thomas & Friends annuals __knowledge__ The Annuals have contained many activities, stories, and information about Thomas and his friends.", "Thomas & Friends annuals __knowledge__ The annuals are usually in hardcover format, with colour pictures and photos abundant throughout the book.", "Thomas & Friends annuals __knowledge__ The annual also featured a number of exclusive characters.", "Thomas & Friends annuals __knowledge__ A bus who is stationed on the Island of Sodor.", "Thomas & Friends annuals __knowledge__ When he first arrived, he teased Bertie, another bus, but soon became friends with him after breaking down.", "Pennsylvania Route 44 __knowledge__ Pennsylvania Route 44 (PA 44) is a -long state highway in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania.", "Pennsylvania Route 44 __knowledge__ The route is designated from Interstate 80 and Pennsylvania Route 42 in Buckhorn to the New York state line near New York State Route 417 in Ceres Township.", "Pennsylvania Route 44 __knowledge__ Commissioned in 1927 by the Pennsylvania Department of Highways, PA 44 originally ran from the NY state line to Jersey Shore.", "Pennsylvania Route 44 __knowledge__ Today, the highway is a scenic route from Columbia County to Potter County.", "Pennsylvania Route 44 __knowledge__ PA 44 begins in the census-designated place of Buckhorn in Hemlock Township, Columbia County at an intersection with PA 42 and exit 232 of I-80.", "Pennsylvania Route 44 __knowledge__ From here, the route heads northwest along two-lane undivided Buckhorn Road, passing businesses before running past homes in Buckhorn.", "Florida State Road 44 __knowledge__ State Road 44 (SR 44) is an east–west state highway in the U.S. state of Florida.", "Florida State Road 44 __knowledge__ It runs from Crystal River on the Gulf of Mexico east to New Smyrna Beach on the Atlantic Ocean, passing through Inverness, Wildwood, Leesburg and DeLand.", "Florida State Road 44 __knowledge__ A section in Lake County, between eastern Leesburg and a point north of Mount Dora, is concurrent with U.S. Highway 441 (SR 500).", "Florida State Road 44 __knowledge__ This concurrency is not signed; signs on US 441 mark it as SR 44.", "Florida State Road 44 __knowledge__ The former alignment of SR 44 in that area is now mostly County Road 44, which runs north of Lake Eustis, on the other side as US 441 and current SR 44.", "Florida State Road 44 __knowledge__ A former western extension of SR 44 from Crystal River to the Gulf of Mexico is now County Road 44.", "Yorkshire and the Humber __knowledge__ Yorkshire and the Humber is one of nine official regions of England at the first level of NUTS for statistical purposes.", "Yorkshire and the Humber __knowledge__ It comprises most of Yorkshire (South Yorkshire, West Yorkshire, the East Riding of Yorkshire including Hull, the shire county of North Yorkshire and the City of York), North Lincolnshire and North East Lincolnshire.", "Yorkshire and the Humber __knowledge__ It does not include Middlesbrough or Redcar and Cleveland.", "Yorkshire and the Humber __knowledge__ The population in 2011 was 5,284,000.", "Yorkshire and the Humber __knowledge__ The committees for the regions, including the one for Yorkshire and the Humber, ceased to exist upon the dissolution of Parliament on 12 April 2010; they were not re-established by the newly elected House.", "44 Parachute Brigade (South Africa) __knowledge__ 44 Parachute Brigade was a parachute infantry brigade of the South African Army.", "44 Parachute Brigade (South Africa) __knowledge__ It was founded on 20 April 1978, following the disbandment of 1 SA Corps.", "44 Parachute Brigade (South Africa) __knowledge__ Upon formation, the brigade was commanded by Brigadier M. J. du Plessis, who was assigned the task of establishing the unit with the assistance of the Parachute Staff Officer, Colonel Jan Breytenbach.", "44 Parachute Brigade (South Africa) __knowledge__ At the time du Plessis was the commanding officer of the Orange Free State Command (OFS Cmd) and had previous experience serving in 1 Parachute Battalion.", "44 Parachute Brigade (South Africa) __knowledge__ Breytenbach had also been a member of 1 Parachute Battalion and had also founded the South African Special Forces Brigade and 32 Battalion.", "1974–75 Ashes series __knowledge__ The 1974–75 Ashes series consisted of six cricket Test matches, each match lasted five days with six hours of play each day and eight ball overs.", "1974–75 Ashes series __knowledge__ It formed part of the MCC tour of Australia in 1974–75 and the matches outside the Tests were played in the name of the Marylebone Cricket Club.", "1974–75 Ashes series __knowledge__ Ian Chappell's Australians won the series 4–1 and \"brutally and unceremoniously wrenched the Ashes\" from Mike Denness's England team.", "1974–75 Ashes series __knowledge__ It was Australia's first series victory over England for ten years and the experience proved popular as 777,563 spectators came through the gates and paid nearly a million Australian dollars for the privilege.", ".44 Magnum __knowledge__ The .44 Remington Magnum, or simply .44 Magnum (10.9×33mmR), and frequently .44 Mag, is a large-bore cartridge originally designed for revolvers.", ".44 Magnum __knowledge__ After its introduction, it was quickly adopted for carbines and rifles.", ".44 Magnum __knowledge__ Despite the \".44\" designation, guns chambered for the .44 Magnum round, and its parent, the .44 Special, use diameter bullets.", ".44 Magnum __knowledge__ The .44 Magnum is based on a lengthened .44 Special case, loaded to higher pressures for greater velocity (and thus, energy).", ".44 Magnum __knowledge__ The .44 Magnum has since been eclipsed in power by the .454 Casull, and most recently by the .460 S&W Magnum and .500 S&W Magnum, among others; nevertheless, it has remained one of the most popular commercial large-bore magnum cartridges.", "List of county roads in Citrus County, Florida __knowledge__ The following is a list of county roads in Citrus County, Florida.", "List of county roads in Citrus County, Florida __knowledge__ All county roads are maintained by the county in which they reside.", "List of county roads in Citrus County, Florida __knowledge__ County Road 39 is a tri-county continuation of the former SR 39 in Citrus County, however the designation exists in two sections; One in southeastern Citrus, and another in northern Citrus County.", "List of county roads in Citrus County, Florida __knowledge__ The first section of County Road 39 enters Pineola from Istachatta at the Hernando-Citrus County Line, where it resumes its designation as County Road 39 from County Road 439 (Hernando County, Florida).", "List of county roads in Citrus County, Florida __knowledge__ The road is named South Istachatta Road and it winds along the Withlacoochee State Trail, but eventually the trail moves to the northwest." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 1, 3 ]

[ "Jimmy Fallon is a comedian. Do you like him?", "He used to be on \"Saturday Night Live\"", "He was born in 1974, so that makes him 44.", "He was born in Brooklyn and raised in New York." ]

[ "Jimmy Fallon", "Jimmy Fallon", "Jimmy Fallon", "Jimmy Fallon" ]

[ "Vegetarianism\nhave you ever tried vegetarianism", "yes eating animals is the number one cause of pollution", "yes eating too much meat can lead to gaining all kinds of diseases it is tough to adapt to the lifestyle at first", "yes it was tough changing that out of my diet those two products seem to be in just about everything in the store", "vegans are even more restrictive than vegetarians" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ A vegan diet excludes all animal products, including eggs and dairy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Some vegans also avoid other animal products such as beeswax, leather or silk clothing, and goose-fat shoe polish.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Packaged and processed foods, such as cakes, cookies, candies, chocolate, yogurt, and marshmallows, often contain unfamiliar animal ingredients, so may be a special concern for vegetarians due to the likelihood of such additions.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism has its roots in the civilizations of ancient India and ancient Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the theory and practice of voluntary non-consumption of the flesh of any animal (including sea animals), with or without also eschewing other animal derivatives (such as dairy products or eggs).", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The earliest records of vegetarianism as a concept and practice amongst a significant number of people concern ancient India and the ancient Greek civilizations in southern Italy and Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ In both instances the diet was closely connected with the idea of nonviolence toward animals (called \"ahimsa\" in India), and was promoted by religious groups and philosophers.", "Buddhist vegetarianism __knowledge__ Buddhist vegetarianism is the belief that following a vegetarian diet is implied in the Buddha's teaching.", "Buddhist vegetarianism __knowledge__ In Buddhism, however, the views on vegetarianism vary between different schools of thought.", "Buddhist vegetarianism __knowledge__ According to Theravada, the Buddha allowed his monks to eat pork, chicken and fish if the monk was aware that the animal was not killed on their behalf.", "Buddhist vegetarianism __knowledge__ The Mahayana schools generally recommend a vegetarian diet; according to some sutras the Buddha himself insisted that his followers should not eat the flesh of any sentient being.", "Buddhist vegetarianism __knowledge__ Monks of the Mahayana traditions that follow the Brahma Net Sutra are forbidden by their vows from eating flesh of any kind.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is strongly linked with a number of religions that originated in ancient India (Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism).", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ In Jainism, vegetarianism is mandatory for everyone; in Hinduism and Mahayana Buddhism, it is advocated by some influential scriptures and religious authorities.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Comparatively, in the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam), the Bahá'í Faith and Dharmic religions such as Sikhism, vegetarianism is not promoted by mainstream authorities, although in all these faiths there are small groups actively promoting vegetarianism on religious grounds.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Most Indian religions have philosophical schools that forbid consumption of meat and Jainism institutes an outright ban on the same.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ This article deals with vegetarianism and veganism by country, comparing the prevalence of vegetarianism and veganism in each country when sources are available by the number of vegetarians and vegans, and listing food standards, laws and general cultural attitudes.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ Some countries have strong cultural or religious traditions that promote vegetarianism, such as in India, while in other countries secular ethical concerns dominate, including animal rights and environmental protection, along with health concerns.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ In many countries, food labeling laws make it easier for vegetarians to identify foods compatible with their diets.", "Vegetarianism and Romanticism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism and Romanticism refers to the rise of vegetarianism during the Romanticism movement in Western Europe from the eighteenth to the nineteenth century.", "Vegetarianism and Romanticism __knowledge__ England, Germany, and France were most affected by the turn to a predominantly meatless diet during this time.", "Vegetarianism and Romanticism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism during the Romantic Period was ubiquitous and widespread, stemming primarily from literary influence as well as from new ideas about anthropology, consumerism, and evolution.", "Vegetarianism and Romanticism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism in the Romantic Period may also have been influenced by views on humanism developed during the Age of Enlightenment in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.", "Mahatma Gandhi __knowledge__ Mahātmā Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (; ; 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was an Indian activist who was the leader of the Indian independence movement against British rule.", "Mahatma Gandhi __knowledge__ Employing nonviolent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world.", "Mahatma Gandhi __knowledge__ The honorific Mahātmā (Sanskrit: \"high-souled\", \"venerable\")—applied to him first in 1914 in South Africa—is now used worldwide.", "Mahatma Gandhi __knowledge__ In India, he is also called Bapu (Gujarati: endearment for \"father\", \"papa\") and Gandhi ji.", "Mahatma Gandhi __knowledge__ He is unofficially called the \"Father of the Nation.\"", "Mahatma Gandhi __knowledge__ Born and raised in a Hindu merchant caste family in coastal Gujarat, western India, and trained in law at the Inner Temple, London, Gandhi first employed nonviolent civil disobedience as an expatriate lawyer in South Africa, in the resident Indian community's struggle for civil rights." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ A vegan diet excludes all animal products, including eggs and dairy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Some vegans also avoid other animal products such as beeswax, leather or silk clothing, and goose-fat shoe polish.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Packaged and processed foods, such as cakes, cookies, candies, chocolate, yogurt, and marshmallows, often contain unfamiliar animal ingredients, so may be a special concern for vegetarians due to the likelihood of such additions.", "Eating Animals __knowledge__ Eating Animals is the third book by the American novelist Jonathan Safran Foer, published in 2009.", "Eating Animals __knowledge__ It was written in close collaboration with Farm Forward, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that implements innovative strategies to promote conscientious food choices, reduce farmed animal suffering, and advance sustainable agriculture.", "Eating Animals __knowledge__ A \"New York Times\" best-seller, \"Eating Animals\" provides a dense discussion of what it means to eat animals in an industrialized world.", "Eating Animals __knowledge__ Foer presents the book as a way for him to decide whether or not his newborn child should eat meat.", "Eating Animals __knowledge__ Foer’s son is representative of the generations that are entering a world of industrialized farming, in which the decision to eat meat has many more implications than taste.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism is an activist and academic movement which states that all types of oppression are linked and must be eradicated, with a focus on including the domination of humans over nonhuman animals.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Through the feminist concept known as intersectionality, it is recognized that sexism, racism, classism, and other forms of inter human oppression are all connected.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism aims to include the domination of not only the environment but also of nonhuman animals to the list.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism is part of the academic and philosophical field of ecofeminism, which states that the ways in which the privileged dominates the oppressed should include the way humans dominate nature.", "Ethics of eating meat __knowledge__ In most societies the great majority of people eat meat when they can get it, but increasing controversy and debate has arisen over the ethics of eating animals.", "Ethics of eating meat __knowledge__ The most commonly given ethical objection to meat-eating is that, for most people living in the developed world, it is not necessary for survival or health; slaughtering animals solely because people enjoy the taste of meat is argued by some to be wrong and morally unjustifiable.", "Ethics of eating meat __knowledge__ Ethical vegetarians and ethical vegans may also object to the practices underlying the production of meat, or cite their concerns about animal welfare, animal rights, environmental ethics, and religious reasons.", "Jonathan Safran Foer __knowledge__ Jonathan Safran Foer (born February 21, 1977) is an American novelist.", "Jonathan Safran Foer __knowledge__ He is best known for his novels \"Everything Is Illuminated\" (2002), \"Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close\" (2005), and for his non-fiction work \"Eating Animals\" (2009).", "Jonathan Safran Foer __knowledge__ His most recent novel, \"Here I Am\", was published in 2016.", "Jonathan Safran Foer __knowledge__ He teaches creative writing at New York University.", "Jonathan Safran Foer __knowledge__ Foer was born in Washington, D.C., the son of Albert Foer, a lawyer and president of the American Antitrust Institute, and Esther Safran Foer, a child of Holocaust survivors born in Poland, who is now Senior Advisor at the Sixth & I Historic Synagogue.", "Jonathan Safran Foer __knowledge__ Foer is the middle son in this Jewish family; his older brother, Franklin, is a former editor of \"The New Republic\" and his younger brother, Joshua, is the founder of \"Atlas Obscura\".", "Animal rights __knowledge__ Animal rights is the idea in which some, or all, non-human animals are entitled to the possession of their own lives and that their most basic interests—such as the need to avoid suffering—should be afforded the same consideration as similar interests of human beings.", "Animal rights __knowledge__ Advocates oppose the assignment of moral value and fundamental protections on the basis of species membership alone—an idea known since 1970 as speciesism, when the term was coined by Richard D. Ryder—arguing that it is a prejudice as irrational as any other.", "Animal rights __knowledge__ They maintain that animals should no longer be viewed as property or used as food, clothing, research subjects, entertainment, or beasts of burden.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Psychology of eating meat __knowledge__ The psychology of eating meat is a complex area of study illustrating the confluence of morality, emotions, cognition, and personality characteristics.", "Psychology of eating meat __knowledge__ Research into the psychological and cultural factors of meat eating suggests correlations with masculinity; support for hierarchical values; and reduced openness to experience.", "Psychology of eating meat __knowledge__ Because meat eating is widely practiced but is sometimes associated with ambivalence, it has been used as a case study in moral psychology to illustrate theories of cognitive dissonance and moral disengagement.", "Psychology of eating meat __knowledge__ Research into the consumer psychology of meat is relevant both to meat industry marketing and to advocates of reduced meat consumption.", "Meat __knowledge__ Meat is animal flesh that is eaten as food.", "Meat __knowledge__ Humans have hunted and killed animals for meat since prehistoric times.", "Meat __knowledge__ The advent of civilization allowed the domestication of animals such as chickens, sheep, rabbits, pigs and cattle.", "Meat __knowledge__ This eventually led to their use in meat production on an industrial scale with the aid of slaughterhouses.", "Meat __knowledge__ Meat is mainly composed of water, protein, and fat.", "Meat __knowledge__ It is edible raw, but is normally eaten after it has been cooked and seasoned or processed in a variety of ways.", "Meat __knowledge__ Unprocessed meat will spoil or rot within hours or days as a result of infection with and decomposition by bacteria and fungi.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is strongly linked with a number of religions that originated in ancient India (Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism).", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ In Jainism, vegetarianism is mandatory for everyone; in Hinduism and Mahayana Buddhism, it is advocated by some influential scriptures and religious authorities.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Comparatively, in the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam), the Bahá'í Faith and Dharmic religions such as Sikhism, vegetarianism is not promoted by mainstream authorities, although in all these faiths there are small groups actively promoting vegetarianism on religious grounds.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Most Indian religions have philosophical schools that forbid consumption of meat and Jainism institutes an outright ban on the same.", "Milk and meat in Jewish law __knowledge__ Mixtures of milk and meat (, \"basar bechalav\", literally \"meat in milk\") are prohibited according to \"Jewish law\".", "Milk and meat in Jewish law __knowledge__ This dietary law, basic to kashrut, is based on two verses in the Book of Exodus, which forbid \"boiling a (kid) goat in its mother's milk\" and a third repetition of this prohibition in Deuteronomy.", "Milk and meat in Jewish law __knowledge__ Some claim the Biblical statement was referring to sebum (חֵלֶב) and not milk (חָלָב).", "Milk and meat in Jewish law __knowledge__ According to the Talmud, these three almost identical references are the basis for three distinct dietary laws: There are three categories of Kosher food – Meat, Dairy and Parve.", "Milk and meat in Jewish law __knowledge__ Haimes disagrees with this law on the grounds that the Torah only mentions not to boil a young goat in it's mother's milk.", "Diet in Hinduism __knowledge__ Diet in Hinduism varies with its diverse traditions.", "Diet in Hinduism __knowledge__ The ancient and medieval Hindu texts do not explicitly prohibit eating meat, but they do strongly recommend ahimsa—non-violence against all life forms including animals.", "Diet in Hinduism __knowledge__ Many Hindus prefer a vegetarian or lacto-vegetarian lifestyle, and methods of food production that are in sync with nature, compassionate, and respectful of other life forms as well as nature.", "Diet in Hinduism __knowledge__ The diet of Hindus usually does not include eggs, fish or meat.", "Diet in Hinduism __knowledge__ However, if included, Hindus often favor \"jhatka\" (quick death) style preparation of meat since Hindus believe that this method minimizes trauma and suffering to the animal." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ A vegan diet excludes all animal products, including eggs and dairy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Some vegans also avoid other animal products such as beeswax, leather or silk clothing, and goose-fat shoe polish.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Packaged and processed foods, such as cakes, cookies, candies, chocolate, yogurt, and marshmallows, often contain unfamiliar animal ingredients, so may be a special concern for vegetarians due to the likelihood of such additions.", "Meat __knowledge__ Meat is animal flesh that is eaten as food.", "Meat __knowledge__ Humans have hunted and killed animals for meat since prehistoric times.", "Meat __knowledge__ The advent of civilization allowed the domestication of animals such as chickens, sheep, rabbits, pigs and cattle.", "Meat __knowledge__ This eventually led to their use in meat production on an industrial scale with the aid of slaughterhouses.", "Meat __knowledge__ Meat is mainly composed of water, protein, and fat.", "Meat __knowledge__ It is edible raw, but is normally eaten after it has been cooked and seasoned or processed in a variety of ways.", "Meat __knowledge__ Unprocessed meat will spoil or rot within hours or days as a result of infection with and decomposition by bacteria and fungi.", "Effects of global warming on human health __knowledge__ The effects of global warming include its gayon human health.", "Effects of global warming on human health __knowledge__ The observed and projected increased frequency and severity of climate related impacts will further exacerbate the effects on human health.", "Effects of global warming on human health __knowledge__ This article describes some of those effects on individuals and populations.", "Effects of global warming on human health __knowledge__ A good example of the impact of global warming on health can be seen in the disease Erythromelalgia.", "Effects of global warming on human health __knowledge__ This is a vascular disease that is commonly triggered by the involvement of change in temperature, which leads to syndromes including (first and second degree) burning pain, increased temperature, erythema and swelling, of mainly the hands and feet that are affected.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Some people abstain from consuming various foods and beverages in conformity with various religious, cultural, legal or other societal prohibitions.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Many of these prohibitions constitute taboos.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Many food taboos and other prohibitions forbid the meat of a particular animal, including mammals, rodents, reptiles, amphibians, fish, molluscs, crustaceans and insects, which may relate to a disgust response being more often associated with meats than plant-based foods.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Some prohibitions are specific to a particular part or excretion of an animal, while others forgo the consumption of plants or fungi.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is strongly linked with a number of religions that originated in ancient India (Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism).", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ In Jainism, vegetarianism is mandatory for everyone; in Hinduism and Mahayana Buddhism, it is advocated by some influential scriptures and religious authorities.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Comparatively, in the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam), the Bahá'í Faith and Dharmic religions such as Sikhism, vegetarianism is not promoted by mainstream authorities, although in all these faiths there are small groups actively promoting vegetarianism on religious grounds.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Most Indian religions have philosophical schools that forbid consumption of meat and Jainism institutes an outright ban on the same.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.", "Cancer __knowledge__ These contrast with benign tumors, which do not spread to other parts of the body.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Possible signs and symptoms include a lump, abnormal bleeding, prolonged cough, unexplained weight loss, and a change in bowel movements.", "Cancer __knowledge__ While these symptoms may indicate cancer, they may have other causes.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Over 100 types of cancers affect humans.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Tobacco use is the cause of about 22% of cancer deaths.", "Cancer __knowledge__ Another 10% are due to obesity, poor diet, lack of physical activity, and excessive drinking of alcohol.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Dog meat is the flesh and other edible parts derived from dogs.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Historically, human consumption of dog meat has been recorded in many parts of the world, including East and Southeast Asia, West Africa, Europe, Oceania and the Americas.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ In the 21st century, dog meat is consumed in many parts of China, Korea, and Vietnam.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Some cultures view the consumption of dog meat as part of their traditional and day-to-day cuisine, while other cultures consider consumption of dog meat a taboo, although they have been consumed in times of war or other hardships.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ It was estimated in 2014 that worldwide, 25 million dogs are eaten each year by humans.", "Cattle slaughter in India __knowledge__ Cattle slaughter is a controversial topic in India because of the cattle's traditional status as an endeared and respected living being to many in Hinduism, Sikhism, Jainism and Buddhism, in contrast to cattle being considered as an acceptable source of meat by many in Islam, Christianity as well as some adherents of Indian religions.", "Cattle slaughter in India __knowledge__ More specifically, the cow's slaughter has been shunned because of a number of reasons such as being associated with god Krishna in Hinduism, cattle being respected as an integral part of rural livelihoods and an essential economic necessity.", "Cattle slaughter in India __knowledge__ Historically, cattle slaughter has also been opposed by various Indian religions because of the ethical principle of Ahimsa (non-violence) and the belief in the unity of all life.", "Ethics of eating meat __knowledge__ In most societies the great majority of people eat meat when they can get it, but increasing controversy and debate has arisen over the ethics of eating animals.", "Ethics of eating meat __knowledge__ The most commonly given ethical objection to meat-eating is that, for most people living in the developed world, it is not necessary for survival or health; slaughtering animals solely because people enjoy the taste of meat is argued by some to be wrong and morally unjustifiable.", "Ethics of eating meat __knowledge__ Ethical vegetarians and ethical vegans may also object to the practices underlying the production of meat, or cite their concerns about animal welfare, animal rights, environmental ethics, and religious reasons.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ This article deals with vegetarianism and veganism by country, comparing the prevalence of vegetarianism and veganism in each country when sources are available by the number of vegetarians and vegans, and listing food standards, laws and general cultural attitudes.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ Some countries have strong cultural or religious traditions that promote vegetarianism, such as in India, while in other countries secular ethical concerns dominate, including animal rights and environmental protection, along with health concerns.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ In many countries, food labeling laws make it easier for vegetarians to identify foods compatible with their diets.", "Our Shadows Will Remain __knowledge__ Our Shadows Will Remain is the fourth studio album by Joseph Arthur.", "Our Shadows Will Remain __knowledge__ The album was released in the US on September 28, 2004 on 12\" vinyl and October 12, 2004 on CD, then in the UK on July 11, 2005 on CD and double 12\" vinyl.", "Our Shadows Will Remain __knowledge__ The recording sessions also spawned the companion EP, \"And the Thieves Are Gone.\"", "Our Shadows Will Remain __knowledge__ There were four singles released when the album was picked up for UK distribution by 14th Floor Records.", "Our Shadows Will Remain __knowledge__ An extensive nationwide tour of the US followed the album's release, including dates with Joan Wasser.", "Our Shadows Will Remain __knowledge__ In 2005, Arthur went on a brief tour throughout Europe with R.E.M.", "Our Shadows Will Remain __knowledge__ Joseph Arthur began the recording of \"Our Shadows Will Remain\" shortly after tour dates supporting Tracy Chapman and worldwide solo tour dates (promoting his previous album \"Redemption's Son\") in late 2003.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism has its roots in the civilizations of ancient India and ancient Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the theory and practice of voluntary non-consumption of the flesh of any animal (including sea animals), with or without also eschewing other animal derivatives (such as dairy products or eggs).", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ The earliest records of vegetarianism as a concept and practice amongst a significant number of people concern ancient India and the ancient Greek civilizations in southern Italy and Greece.", "History of vegetarianism __knowledge__ In both instances the diet was closely connected with the idea of nonviolence toward animals (called \"ahimsa\" in India), and was promoted by religious groups and philosophers.", "Cardiovascular disease __knowledge__ Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels.", "Cardiovascular disease __knowledge__ Cardiovascular disease includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack).", "Cardiovascular disease __knowledge__ Other CVDs include stroke, heart failure, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, heart arrhythmia, congenital heart disease, valvular heart disease, carditis, aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery disease, thromboembolic disease, and venous thrombosis.", "Cardiovascular disease __knowledge__ The underlying mechanisms vary depending on the disease in question.", "Cardiovascular disease __knowledge__ Coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease involve atherosclerosis." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ A vegan diet excludes all animal products, including eggs and dairy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Some vegans also avoid other animal products such as beeswax, leather or silk clothing, and goose-fat shoe polish.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Packaged and processed foods, such as cakes, cookies, candies, chocolate, yogurt, and marshmallows, often contain unfamiliar animal ingredients, so may be a special concern for vegetarians due to the likelihood of such additions.", "Mile Cărpenișan __knowledge__ Mile Cărpenișan (August 23, 1975 – March 22, 2010) was a war correspondent who covered the wars in Iraq, Kosovo and the effects of the tsunami in Asia.", "Mile Cărpenișan __knowledge__ He died due to a septic shock at the age of 34.", "Mile Cărpenișan __knowledge__ Cărpenișan was born in Timişoara into a family of Serbian origins.", "Mile Cărpenișan __knowledge__ He studied at the city's Dositej Obradovici Serbian High School.", "Mile Cărpenișan __knowledge__ Afterwards, he went to the University of Craiova, to the Faculty of Management.", "Mile Cărpenișan __knowledge__ He also made an intensive 4-year specialization in audiovisual media in Lyon, France.", "Mile Cărpenișan __knowledge__ Cărpenișan debuted in newspapers and continued his career as a local correspondent for Antena 1.", "Mile Cărpenișan __knowledge__ He worked for more than ten years as a reporter for Antena 1 and Antena 3, being one of the first Romanian international correspondents.", "Rainilaiarivony __knowledge__ Rainilaiarivony (30 January 1828 – 17 July 1896) was a Malagasy politician who served as the Prime Minister of Madagascar from 1864 to 1895, succeeding his older brother Rainivoninahitriniony, who had held the post for thirteen years.", "Rainilaiarivony __knowledge__ His career mirrored that of his father Rainiharo, a renowned military man who became Prime Minister during the reign of Queen Ranavalona I.", "Rainilaiarivony __knowledge__ Despite a childhood marked by ostracism from his family, as a young man Rainilaiarivony was elevated to a position of high authority and confidence in the royal court, serving alongside his father and brother.", "Rainilaiarivony __knowledge__ He co-led a critical military expedition with Rainivoninahitriniony at the age of 24 and was promoted to Commander-in-Chief of the army following the death of the queen in 1861.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Springfield (The Simpsons) __knowledge__ Springfield is the fictional town in which the American animated sitcom \"The Simpsons\" is set.", "Springfield (The Simpsons) __knowledge__ A mid-sized town in an undetermined state of the United States, Springfield acts as a complete universe in which characters can explore the issues faced by modern society.", "Springfield (The Simpsons) __knowledge__ The geography of the town and its surroundings is flexible, changing to address whatever an episode's plot calls for.", "Springfield (The Simpsons) __knowledge__ Springfield's location is impossible to determine, and the show is deliberately evasive on the subject, providing contradictory clues and information about its location.", "Springfield (The Simpsons) __knowledge__ Springfield is intended to represent \"anytown, USA\" and not be a specific real town, although the producers acknowledge basing the town on numerous locations including \"The Simpsons\" creator Matt Groening's hometown of Portland, Oregon, and Mike Scully's hometown, Springfield, Massachusetts.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "Masdevallia sumapazensis __knowledge__ Masdevallia sumapazensis is a species of orchid in the genus \"Masdevallia\", endemic to the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia in northern South America.", "Masdevallia sumapazensis __knowledge__ It was first described by Pedro Ortiz in 1981.", "Masdevallia sumapazensis __knowledge__ The species \"Byrsella sumapazensis\", described in 2006 by Luer, is a synonym species of \"Masdevallia\".", "Masdevallia sumapazensis __knowledge__ The genus name Masdevallia is derived from José Masdeval, a physician and botanist in the court of Charles III of Spain.", "Masdevallia sumapazensis __knowledge__ The species epithet is taken from the Sumapaz Páramo, in pre-Columbian times inhabited by the Chibcha-speaking Sutagao, where the holotype has been collected at an altitude of in Cabrera in 1970.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Yaroslava Shvedova __knowledge__ Yaroslava Vyacheslavovna Shvedova (, born 12 September 1987) is a Russian-born Kazakhstani tennis player.", "Yaroslava Shvedova __knowledge__ Shvedova has won one singles and eleven doubles titles on the WTA tour, as well as five singles and four doubles titles on the ITF circuit in her career.", "Yaroslava Shvedova __knowledge__ On 29 October 2012, she reached her best singles ranking of world No.", "Yaroslava Shvedova __knowledge__ 25.", "Yaroslava Shvedova __knowledge__ On 22 February 2016, she peaked at No.", "Yaroslava Shvedova __knowledge__ 3 in the doubles rankings.", "Yaroslava Shvedova __knowledge__ Shvedova has made three Grand Slam singles quarterfinals, at the 2010 and the 2012 French Open and most recently at the 2016 Wimbledon Championships.", "Yaroslava Shvedova __knowledge__ She has won two Grand Slam women's doubles titles, the 2010 Wimbledon Championships and the 2010 US Open, partnering American player Vania King in both.", "Chris Squire __knowledge__ Christopher Russell Edward Squire (4March 1948 – 27June 2015) was an English musician, singer and songwriter.", "Chris Squire __knowledge__ He was best known as the bassist and a founding member of the progressive rock band Yes.", "Chris Squire __knowledge__ Prior to his death in 2015, he was the only constant member in the band, having appeared on every studio album released from 1969 to 2014.", "Chris Squire __knowledge__ Born in Kingsbury, London, Squire took an early interest in church music and sang in the local church and school choirs.", "Chris Squire __knowledge__ After he took up the bass guitar at age sixteen, his earliest gigs were in 1964 for the Selfs, which later evolved into the Syn.", "Chris Squire __knowledge__ In 1968, Squire formed Yes with singer Jon Anderson; he would remain the band's sole bassist for the next 47 years.", "Krajkovë __knowledge__ Krajkova or Krajkovë is a village in the municipality of Glogovac in Kosovo.", "Krajkovë __knowledge__ Krajkova is bordered by villages: Llapushnik, Domonek, Shtrubulovë and Zabel I Ulët, and very close to Drenas, 5 km west.", "Krajkovë __knowledge__ Krajkova is known as an ancient settlement where the archive documents of the former Ottoman Empire and the Austro-Hungarian Empire also shown.", "Krajkovë __knowledge__ An Argument might be that the Mosque of Krajkovë is the second- most ancient built Mosque in Kosovo, in the time of the Ottoman Empire, in 1480.", "Krajkovë __knowledge__ The settlements are along Kosovo's central mountain \"Mali Kosmaç\" or Mount Kosmaç, as an important touristic and geostrategic position for the region.", "Supply management (Canada) __knowledge__ Supply management () is a catch-all term for marketing boards that control the price of milk, cheese, eggs, chicken, and turkey in Canada.", "Supply management (Canada) __knowledge__ This system was previously used in other countries, for example, New Zealand, and Australia but has since been removed due to deregulation and trade liberalization.", "Supply management (Canada) __knowledge__ It restricts the supply of these products by controlling the amount produced domestically and limiting imports with high tariffs.", "Supply management (Canada) __knowledge__ The regulated and restricted domestic supply and lack of foreign product increase prices for the end consumer, estimated to be 38% to 300% higher retail prices than what is paid in most other countries for the same commodities.", "San Fernando, Romblon __knowledge__ ', officially the ', is a in the province of , .", "San Fernando, Romblon __knowledge__ According to the , it has a population of people.", "San Fernando, Romblon __knowledge__ The town of San Fernando was established in 1636 as \"Visita de Cauit\" in what is today Barangay Azagra.", "San Fernando, Romblon __knowledge__ It is one of two visitas in Sibuyan Island, the other being Cajidiocan.", "San Fernando, Romblon __knowledge__ In 1744, Cajiodiocan was turned into a \"pueblo\" (town) which included Visita de Cauit.", "San Fernando, Romblon __knowledge__ The first villages or barrios of Visita de Cauit were Pag-alad, Cangumba, Mabolo or San Roque, Canjalon, España or Canago, Agtiwa, Cangumon and Otod.", "San Fernando, Romblon __knowledge__ After Romblon was made a separate district in 1853, and the local government reorganization of 1855, 17 new pueblos were created including Visita de Cauit.", "2008 Chinese milk scandal __knowledge__ The 2008 Chinese milk scandal was a widespread food safety incident in China.", "2008 Chinese milk scandal __knowledge__ The scandal involved milk and infant formula along with other food materials and components being adulterated with melamine.", "2008 Chinese milk scandal __knowledge__ A Fonterra director had given San Lu management a document detailing the European Union's permitted levels of melamine, but Fonterra chief executive Andrew Ferrier has stated that at no time did Fonterra say small amounts of melamine were acceptable.", "2008 Chinese milk scandal __knowledge__ Of an estimated 300,000 victims in China, six babies died from kidney stones and other kidney damage and an estimated 54,000 babies were hospitalized." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, and the flesh of any other animal), and may also include abstention from by-products of animal slaughter.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be adopted for various reasons.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Many people object to eating meat out of respect for sentient life.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Such ethical motivations have been codified under various religious beliefs, as well as animal rights advocacy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Other motivations for vegetarianism are health-related, political, environmental, cultural, aesthetic, economic, or personal preference.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ There are variations of the diet as well: an ovo-lacto vegetarian diet includes both eggs and dairy products, an ovo-vegetarian diet includes eggs but not dairy products, and a lacto-vegetarian diet includes dairy products but not eggs.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ A vegan diet excludes all animal products, including eggs and dairy.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Some vegans also avoid other animal products such as beeswax, leather or silk clothing, and goose-fat shoe polish.", "Vegetarianism __knowledge__ Packaged and processed foods, such as cakes, cookies, candies, chocolate, yogurt, and marshmallows, often contain unfamiliar animal ingredients, so may be a special concern for vegetarians due to the likelihood of such additions.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ This article deals with vegetarianism and veganism by country, comparing the prevalence of vegetarianism and veganism in each country when sources are available by the number of vegetarians and vegans, and listing food standards, laws and general cultural attitudes.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ Some countries have strong cultural or religious traditions that promote vegetarianism, such as in India, while in other countries secular ethical concerns dominate, including animal rights and environmental protection, along with health concerns.", "Vegetarianism by country __knowledge__ In many countries, food labeling laws make it easier for vegetarians to identify foods compatible with their diets.", "Veganism __knowledge__ Veganism is both the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.", "Veganism __knowledge__ A follower of either the diet or the philosophy is known as a vegan ( ).", "Veganism __knowledge__ Distinctions are sometimes made between several categories of veganism.", "Veganism __knowledge__ \"Dietary vegans\" (or strict vegetarians) refrain from consuming animal products, not only meat but also eggs, dairy products and other animal-derived substances.", "Veganism __knowledge__ The term \"ethical vegan\" is often applied to those who not only follow a vegan diet but extend the philosophy into other areas of their lives, and oppose the use of animals for any purpose.", "Vegetarian nutrition __knowledge__ Vegetarian nutrition is the set of health-related challenges and advantages of vegetarian diets.", "Vegetarian nutrition __knowledge__ If well-planned and fortified to balance their deficiencies, vegetarian and vegan diets can become nutritionally adequate and can be appropriate for all stages of the life cycle, including during pregnancy, lactation, infancy, childhood, and adolescence.", "Vegetarian nutrition __knowledge__ When fortified, a vegetarian diet can provide adequate protein, iron, zinc, vitamin B, and calcium intake.", "Vegetarian nutrition __knowledge__ However, in non fortified vegetarian diets, and when not enough calories are consumed, these nutrients can be dangerously low and may compromise children's health and development.", "Vegan nutrition __knowledge__ Vegan nutrition refers to the nutritional aspects of vegan diets – diets which include no animal products.", "Vegan nutrition __knowledge__ While a well-planned, balanced vegan diet is suitable to meet all recommendations for nutrients in every stage of life, improperly-planned vegan diets may be deficient in vitamin B, vitamin D, calcium, iodine, iron, zinc, riboflavin (vitamin B), long-chain fatty acids EPA and DHA, and omega-3 fatty acids.", "Vegan nutrition __knowledge__ Doctors Dean Ornish, T. Colin Campbell, John A. McDougall, Michael Klaper, Caldwell Esselstyn, Michael Greger, Joel Fuhrman, and Neal D. Barnard claim that high animal fat and protein diets, such as the standard American diet, are detrimental to health.", "Vegaphobia __knowledge__ Vegaphobia (or vegephobia) is the aversion to and discrimination against vegetarian and vegan people.", "Vegaphobia __knowledge__ Some of the oldest episodes of aversion can be found in the 3rd and 4th centuries when Greek comedies are written where Pythagoras is despised of his choice of not eating meat.", "Vegaphobia __knowledge__ They then have episodes of persecution of vegetarians in China in the twelfth century as well as in the European medieval, where they were branded as heretics and persecuted by the Holy Inquisition.", "Vegaphobia __knowledge__ These persecutions are also detailed in the essay Pythagora's Supper by Erica Joy Mannucci.", "Vegaphobia __knowledge__ In recent times, Nazi Germany became the protagonist of the vegetarian persecution.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Vegetarianism is strongly linked with a number of religions that originated in ancient India (Jainism, Hinduism and Buddhism).", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ In Jainism, vegetarianism is mandatory for everyone; in Hinduism and Mahayana Buddhism, it is advocated by some influential scriptures and religious authorities.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Comparatively, in the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam), the Bahá'í Faith and Dharmic religions such as Sikhism, vegetarianism is not promoted by mainstream authorities, although in all these faiths there are small groups actively promoting vegetarianism on religious grounds.", "Vegetarianism and religion __knowledge__ Most Indian religions have philosophical schools that forbid consumption of meat and Jainism institutes an outright ban on the same.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cat food is food for consumption by cats.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Cats have specific requirements for their dietary nutrients.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Certain nutrients, including many vitamins and amino acids, are degraded by the temperatures, pressures and chemical treatments used during manufacture, and hence must be added after manufacture to avoid nutritional deficiency.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The amino acid taurine, for example, which is found in meat, is degraded during processing, so synthetic taurine is normally added afterwards.", "Cat food __knowledge__ Long-term taurine deficiency may result in retinal degeneration, loss of vision, and cardiac arrest.", "Cat food __knowledge__ The idea of preparing specialized food for cats came later than for dogs (see dog biscuits and dog food).", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism is an activist and academic movement which states that all types of oppression are linked and must be eradicated, with a focus on including the domination of humans over nonhuman animals.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Through the feminist concept known as intersectionality, it is recognized that sexism, racism, classism, and other forms of inter human oppression are all connected.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism aims to include the domination of not only the environment but also of nonhuman animals to the list.", "Vegetarian ecofeminism __knowledge__ Vegetarian ecofeminism is part of the academic and philosophical field of ecofeminism, which states that the ways in which the privileged dominates the oppressed should include the way humans dominate nature.", "Vegetarian/vegan dog diet __knowledge__ Like the human practice of veganism, vegan dog foods are those formulated with the exclusion of ingredients that contain or were processed with any part of an animal, or any animal byproduct.", "Vegetarian/vegan dog diet __knowledge__ Vegan dog food may incorporate the use of fruits, vegetables, cereals, legumes, nuts, vegetable oils, soya, as well as any other non-animal based foods.", "Vegetarian/vegan dog diet __knowledge__ The omnivorous domestic canine has evolved to metabolize carbohydrates and thrive on a diet lower in protein, and therefore, a vegan diet may be substantial if properly formulated and balanced.", "Vegetarian/vegan dog diet __knowledge__ Vegetarianism may be defined as the practice of consuming foods that are primarily derived from plants, with or without dairy products, eggs, and/or honey." ] ]

[ 3, 2, 7, 0, 14 ]

[ "Yes! i am one of the people that object eating meat for respect to the animals!", "Yes totally even tho vegetarianism may be adopted for varius reasons, like health and heart diseases!", "At first yes speccially when you also have to exclude eggs and dairy!", "It is very similar to a vegan diet, i really dont now the diference about it!", "Yes i was vegan for a time, i follow the philosophy but not the diet!" ]

[ "Vegetarianism", "Vegetarianism", "Vegetarianism", "Vegetarianism", "Vegetarianism" ]

[ "Reading (process)\nI like to read", "Of course. And it is good to teach kids to read too", "Definitely that is why i keep my chocolate handy while reading", "Oh yeah. I like to read anything whatsoever" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a complex \"cognitive process\" of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension).", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a means of language acquisition, communication, and of sharing information and ideas.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Like all languages, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ The reading process requires continuous practice, development, and refinement.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ In addition, reading requires creativity and critical analysis.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Because reading is such a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding (to translate symbols into sounds or visual representations of speech) and comprehension.", "Darryl Read __knowledge__ Darryl Michael Roy Read (19 September 1951 – 23 June 2013) was a British singer, guitarist, drummer, actor, poet and writer.", "Darryl Read __knowledge__ In the late 1960s, Read was a member of Crushed Butler, considered by some to be amongst the forerunners of punk rock.", "Darryl Read __knowledge__ He collaborated with musicians such as Bill Legend, Mickey Finn and Ray Manzarek.", "Darryl Read __knowledge__ Read appeared as a child actor in a number of films, including, aged 14, in \"Daylight Robbery\" (1964), for which he won a Silver medal for best actor at the Venice Film Festival.", "Darryl Read __knowledge__ He also appeared on stage in two rock-based plays and a number of television programmes.", "Darryl Read __knowledge__ He was a published author of poetry as well as a biographical novel.", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ Monkeys, particularly macaques and gibbons, have played significant roles in Chinese culture for over two thousand years.", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ Some examples familiar to English speakers include the zodiacal Year of the Monkey, the Monkey King Sun Wukong in the novel \"Journey to the West\", and Monkey Kung Fu.", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ The Chinese language has numerous words meaning \"simian; monkey; ape\".", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ Some diachronically changed meanings in reference to different simians.", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ For instance, Chinese \"xingxing\" 猩猩 originally named \"a mythical creature with a human face and pig body\", and became the modern name for the \"orangutan\".", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ Within the classification of Chinese characters, almost all \"monkey; ape\" words – with the exceptions of \"nao\" 夒 and \"yu\" 禺 that were originally monkey pictographs – are written with radical-phonetic compound characters.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ Bereshit, Bereishit, Bereishis, B'reshith, Beresheet, or Bereishees ( – Hebrew for \"in the beginning,\" the first word in the parashah) is the first weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ The parashah consists of In the parashah, God creates the world, and Adam and Eve.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ They eat fruit that God had forbidden them, and God expels them from the Garden of Eden.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ One of their sons, Cain, becomes the first murderer, killing his brother Abel out of jealousy.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ Adam, Eve, and Cain are cast out of paradise to East of Eden.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ Adam and Eve have other children, whose descendants populate the Earth, but each generation becomes more and more degenerate until God, despairing, decides to destroy humanity.", "Consistency model __knowledge__ In computer science, Consistency models are used in distributed systems like distributed shared memory systems or distributed data stores (such as a filesystems, databases, optimistic replication systems or Web caching).", "Consistency model __knowledge__ The system is said to support a given model if operations on memory follow specific rules.", "Consistency model __knowledge__ The data consistency model specifies a contract between programmer and system, wherein the system guarantees that if the programmer follows the rules, memory will be consistent and the results of reading, writing, or updating memory will be predictable.", "Consistency model __knowledge__ This is different from Cache coherence, an next that occurs in systems that are cached or cache-less is consistency of data with respect to all processors.", "Mark "Chopper" Read __knowledge__ Mark Brandon \"Chopper\" Read (17 November 1954 – 9 October 2013) was an Australian convicted criminal, gang member and author.", "Mark "Chopper" Read __knowledge__ Read wrote a series of semi-autobiographical fictional crime novels and children's books.", "Mark "Chopper" Read __knowledge__ The 2000 film \"Chopper\" is based on his life.", "Mark "Chopper" Read __knowledge__ Read was born on 12 November 1954 to a former army and Korean War veteran father and a mother who was a devout Seventh-day Adventist.", "Mark "Chopper" Read __knowledge__ He was placed in a children's home for the first five years of his life.", "Mark "Chopper" Read __knowledge__ He grew up in the Melbourne suburbs of Collingwood, Thomastown, Fitzroy and Preston.", "Mark "Chopper" Read __knowledge__ He was bullied at school, claiming that by the age of 15 he had been on the \"losing end of several hundred fights\" and that his father, usually on his mother's recommendation, beat him often as a child.", "Learning to read __knowledge__ Learning to read is the acquisition and practice of the skills necessary to understand the meaning behind printed words.", "Learning to read __knowledge__ For a fairly good reader, the skill of reading often feels simple, effortless, and automatic; however, the process of learning to read is complex and builds on cognitive, linguistic, and social skills developed from a very early age.", "Learning to read __knowledge__ Usually, in order to understand a text, it is necessary to understand the spoken language associated with that text.", "Learning to read __knowledge__ In this way, writing systems are distinguished form many other symbolic communication systems.", "Learning to read __knowledge__ Once established, writing systems on the whole change more slowly than their spoken counterparts, and often preserve features and expressions which are no longer current in the spoken language.", "Synchronous dynamic random-access memory __knowledge__ Synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM) is any dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) where the operation of its external pin interface is coordinated by an externally supplied clock signal.", "Synchronous dynamic random-access memory __knowledge__ DRAM integrated circuits (ICs) produced from the early 1970s to mid-1990s used an \"asynchronous\" interface, in which input control signals have a direct effect on internal functions only delayed by the trip across its semiconductor pathways.", "Synchronous dynamic random-access memory __knowledge__ SDRAM has a \"synchronous\" interface, whereby changes on control inputs are recognised after a rising edge of its clock input.", "Synchronous dynamic random-access memory __knowledge__ In SDRAM families standardized by JEDEC, the clock signal controls the stepping of an internal finite state machine that responds to incoming commands." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a complex \"cognitive process\" of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension).", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a means of language acquisition, communication, and of sharing information and ideas.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Like all languages, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ The reading process requires continuous practice, development, and refinement.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ In addition, reading requires creativity and critical analysis.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Because reading is such a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding (to translate symbols into sounds or visual representations of speech) and comprehension.", "National Geographic Kids __knowledge__ National Geographic Kids is the child-focused brand of National Geographic Partners.", "National Geographic Kids __knowledge__ Nat Geo Kids inspires young adventurers to explore the world through award-winning magazines, books, apps, games, toys, videos, events, and a website, and is the only kids brand with a world-class scientific organization at its core.", "National Geographic Kids __knowledge__ National Geographic Kids magazine (10 issues per year) and \"Little Kids\" magazine (six issues per year) are photo-driven publications and are available on newsstands or by subscription in print and on tablets.", "National Geographic Kids __knowledge__ The award-winning website natgeokids.com excites kids about the planet through games, videos, contests, photos, quizzes and blogs about cultures, animals and destinations.", "Joy Berry __knowledge__ Joy Berry (born April 15, 1944) is an American writer and Child Development specialist.", "Joy Berry __knowledge__ She has written over 250 self-help books for kids that have sold over 85 million copies, and is known in the juvenile publishing and media industries as the “Inventor of Self-Help Books for Kids.” According to Joy, “I began writing self-help books for kids in order to fill a void in both educational institutions as well as the marketplace.", "Joy Berry __knowledge__ My goal was to provide step-by-step, easy to understand information that could help kids become responsible for themselves, responsible in their relationship with others, and responsible in the way in which they relate to their environment.” As a child developmentalist, educator, and parenting expert, Joy worked from 1978 through 1990 to compile the Joy Berry Classics, which is the only comprehensive collection of self-help books that exists for children birth through 13 years of age.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton, the nominee of the Democratic Party for president of the United States in 2016, has taken positions on political issues while serving as First Lady of Arkansas (1979–81; 1983–92), First Lady of the United States (1993–2001); as U.S.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Senator from New York (2001–2009); and serving as the United States Secretary of State (2009–2013).", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In accordance with longstanding custom, during her time as Secretary of State she largely avoided taking stances on most domestic political issues.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In 2015, she announced her candidacy for the presidency.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Clinton won the Democratic primaries and formally became the party's nominee at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.", "Environmental groups and resources serving K–12 schools __knowledge__ This article includes information about environmental groups and resources (such as those provided by government, its agencies, and existing or proposed legislation) that serve K–12 schools in the United States and internationally.", "Environmental groups and resources serving K–12 schools __knowledge__ The entries in this article are for broad-scope organizations that serve at least one state (within the US) or similar region (outside of the US).", "Environmental groups and resources serving K–12 schools __knowledge__ As of 2008, many environmental groups exist, but they tend to overlap and duplicate efforts.", "Environmental groups and resources serving K–12 schools __knowledge__ The information here does not currently attempt to reconcile these issues but, rather, presents information as provided, when available, by each of the organizations described.", "Eva Moskowitz __knowledge__ Eva Sarah Moskowitz (born March 4, 1964) is founder and CEO of Success Academy Charter Schools and a former City Councilmember for the Upper East Side, both in New York City.", "Eva Moskowitz __knowledge__ Her later work has centered on the privatization of public education by the charter school movement.", "Eva Moskowitz __knowledge__ Besides founding charter management organization Success Academy Charter Schools (originally Harlem Success Academy), she has worked with the Harlem Education Fair, runs the Great Public Schools PAC, StudentsFirstNY, and worked with the New York City Charter School Center.", "Eva Moskowitz __knowledge__ She cowrote \"Mission Possible\" (2012) with Arin Lavinia, mainly a guide to running charter schools.", "Yahoo! Kids __knowledge__ Yahoo!", "Yahoo! Kids __knowledge__ Kids (known as Yahoo!きっず in Japan) is a public web portal provided by Yahoo!", "Yahoo! Kids __knowledge__ Japan to find age appropriate online content for children between the ages of four and twelve.", "Yahoo! Kids __knowledge__ This site was formerly available in English via Yahoo!, where it was known as Yahooligans!", "Yahoo! Kids __knowledge__ until November 2006, and in Korean via Yahoo!", "Yahoo! Kids __knowledge__ Korea.", "Yahoo! Kids __knowledge__ The website is used for both educational and entertainment purposes.", "Yahoo! Kids __knowledge__ It was established in March 1996 by Yahoo!", "Yahoo! Kids __knowledge__ to give children a venue to find appropriate, safe Internet content.", "Yahoo! Kids __knowledge__ Yahoo!", "Yahoo! Kids __knowledge__ Kids is the oldest online search directory for children.", "Yahoo! Kids __knowledge__ Yahoo!", "Yahoo! Kids __knowledge__ Kids and other less popular products were discontinued in English on April 30, 2013 and Korean earlier in the year, allowing the company to redirect its resources to mobile applications.", "Cyberchase __knowledge__ Cyberchase is an American/Canadian animated educational children's television series on PBS Kids.", "Cyberchase __knowledge__ The series focuses around three children from Earth: Jackie, Matt, and Inez.", "Cyberchase __knowledge__ They were brought into Cyberspace, a digital universe, in order to protect the world from the villain Hacker.", "Cyberchase __knowledge__ These kids are able to prevent Hacker from destroying Cyberspace by means of problem-solving skills in conjunction with basic math.", "Cyberchase __knowledge__ In Cyberspace, they meet Digit, a cybird that helps them on their missions.", "Cyberchase __knowledge__ \"Cyberchase\" was created by Thirteen.", "Cyberchase __knowledge__ It was first shown on WNET as a \"sneak peek\" on March 24, 2000, before making its official debut on January 21, 2002.", "Child development __knowledge__ Child development entails the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the end of adolescence, as the individual progresses from dependency to increasing autonomy.", "Child development __knowledge__ It is a continuous process with a predictable sequence, yet having a unique course for every child.", "Child development __knowledge__ It does not progress at the same rate and each stage is affected by the preceding developmental experiences.", "Child development __knowledge__ Because these developmental changes may be strongly influenced by genetic factors and events during prenatal life, genetics and prenatal development are usually included as part of the study of child development.", "Meditation __knowledge__ Meditation can be defined as a practice where an individual focuses his or her mind on a particular object, thought or activity to achieve a mentally clear and emotionally calm state.", "Meditation __knowledge__ Meditation may be used to reduce stress, anxiety, depression, and pain.", "Meditation __knowledge__ It may be done while sitting, repeating a mantra, and closing the eyes in a quiet environment.", "Meditation __knowledge__ Meditation has been practiced since antiquity in numerous religious traditions and beliefs.", "Meditation __knowledge__ Since the 19th century, it has spread from its Asian origins to Western cultures where it is commonly practiced in private and business life.", "Meditation __knowledge__ Meditation is under psychological, neurological, and cardiovascular research to define its possible health effects.", "North Lungpher __knowledge__ North Lungpher is a village in Mizoram, India.", "North Lungpher __knowledge__ North Lungpher is a medium size village located in Thingsulthliah RD Block of Aizawl district, Mizoram, with about 200 families residing there.", "North Lungpher __knowledge__ As of the 2011 India Census, North Lungpher had a population of 899.", "North Lungpher __knowledge__ Males constituted 57% of the population and females 43%.", "North Lungpher __knowledge__ In North Lungpher, 17.04% of the population is under 6 years of age.", "North Lungpher __knowledge__ North Lungpher is located in the district of Aizawl, Mizoram.", "North Lungpher __knowledge__ The population of children with ages 0–6 is 146 which makes up 17.04% of the total population of the village.", "North Lungpher __knowledge__ The average sex ratio of North Lungpher is 961, which is lower than the Mizoram state average of 976.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Vihangam Yoga is an ancient meditation technique practiced by Indian seers and sages.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ In the current time, it is established by Sadguru Sadafaldeo Ji Maharaj.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Vihangam Yoga is also known as \"Brahmavidya\", \"Madhu-vidya\", \"Para Vidhya\" in the Indian ancient most scriptures and Vedas.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ \"\"Vihangam\"\" literally means \"bird\".", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Just as a bird leaves its base on the earth to fly high in the sky, so does \"Vihangam Yoga\" enable the human Soul (Atma) to cut off its moorings in the Prakriti (phenomenal world) and realize its true and free nature.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ This knowledge is emerged from Brahma so it is also named as Brahma Vidya and who ever has gained this knowledge by practising it called Brahma Rishi.", "Scuba diving __knowledge__ Scuba diving is a form of underwater diving where the diver uses a self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (scuba) which is completely independent of surface supply, to breathe underwater.", "Scuba diving __knowledge__ Scuba divers carry their own source of breathing gas, usually compressed air, allowing them greater independence and freedom of movement than surface-supplied divers, and longer underwater endurance than breath-hold divers.", "Scuba diving __knowledge__ Open circuit scuba systems discharge the breathing gas into the environment as it is exhaled, and consist of one or more diving cylinders containing breathing gas at high pressure which is supplied to the diver through a regulator.", "Learning to read __knowledge__ Learning to read is the acquisition and practice of the skills necessary to understand the meaning behind printed words.", "Learning to read __knowledge__ For a fairly good reader, the skill of reading often feels simple, effortless, and automatic; however, the process of learning to read is complex and builds on cognitive, linguistic, and social skills developed from a very early age.", "Learning to read __knowledge__ Usually, in order to understand a text, it is necessary to understand the spoken language associated with that text.", "Learning to read __knowledge__ In this way, writing systems are distinguished form many other symbolic communication systems.", "Learning to read __knowledge__ Once established, writing systems on the whole change more slowly than their spoken counterparts, and often preserve features and expressions which are no longer current in the spoken language." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a complex \"cognitive process\" of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension).", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a means of language acquisition, communication, and of sharing information and ideas.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Like all languages, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ The reading process requires continuous practice, development, and refinement.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ In addition, reading requires creativity and critical analysis.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Because reading is such a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding (to translate symbols into sounds or visual representations of speech) and comprehension.", "John C. Handy __knowledge__ John Charles Handy (October 20, 1844 – September 24, 1891) was a prominent physician who attacked his wife's divorce attorney and was killed.", "John C. Handy __knowledge__ He practiced medicine from 1871 to 1891 in Tucson, Arizona Territory.", "John C. Handy __knowledge__ He was first a contract surgeon for the U.S. Army at Camp Thomas and married an Apache woman.", "John C. Handy __knowledge__ He became known for a fiery temper and during a disagreement with the post trader killed him, but was acquitted of all charges.", "John C. Handy __knowledge__ Handy moved to Tucson in 1871 and remarried.", "John C. Handy __knowledge__ He was selected in November 1886 as the first Chancellor of the University of Arizona and was a well-regarded physician.", "John C. Handy __knowledge__ He founded the Pima County Medical Society in 1879 and helped set high standards for medical care.", "W. C. Handy __knowledge__ William Christopher Handy (November 16, 1873 – March 28, 1958) was an African American composer and musician, known as the \"Father of the Blues\".", "W. C. Handy __knowledge__ Handy was one of the most influential American songwriters.", "W. C. Handy __knowledge__ He was one of many musicians who played the distinctively American blues music, and he is credited with giving it its contemporary form.", "W. C. Handy __knowledge__ Handy did not create the blues genre and was not the first to publish music in the blues form, but he took the blues from a regional music style (Delta blues) with a limited audience to one of the dominant national forces in American music.", "W. C. Handy __knowledge__ Handy was an educated musician who used elements of folk music in his compositions.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Chocolate is a typically sweet, usually brown food preparation of \"Theobroma cacao\" seeds, roasted and ground.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ It is made in the form of a liquid, paste, or in a block, or used as a flavoring ingredient in other foods.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ Cacao has been cultivated by many cultures for at least three millennia in Mesoamerica.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ The earliest evidence of use traces to the Olmecs (Mexico), with evidence of chocolate beverages dating back to 1900 BCE.", "Chocolate __knowledge__ In fact, the majority of Mesoamerican people made chocolate beverages, including the Maya and Aztecs, who made it into a beverage known as \"xocolātl\" , a Nahuatl word meaning \"bitter water\".", "Francis J. Heney __knowledge__ Francis Joseph Heney (March 17, 1859 – October 31, 1937) was a lawyer, judge, and politician who killed an opposing plaintiff in self defense, and who was shot in the head by a prospective juror during the San Francisco graft trials.", "Francis J. Heney __knowledge__ In 1891 while an attorney in Tucson, Arizona Territory, he defended the abused wife of John C. Handy.", "Francis J. Heney __knowledge__ Handy attacked Heney, and Heney shot and killed Handy.", "Francis J. Heney __knowledge__ Heney later served as Attorney General of the Arizona Territory between 1893 and 1895.", "Francis J. Heney __knowledge__ He was the chief prosecutor of the Oregon Land Fraud scandal from 1904 to 1910 and served as U.S. District Attorney for the District of Oregon from January 9 to December 3, 1905.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ This is a list of fictional characters from Happy Tree Friends.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ There are 27 main characters, and some other supporting characters.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ To celebrate the 10th anniversary of the series in 2010, the creators of the show announced that there would be one more character added to Happy Tree Friends in the near future.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ The candidates were a sheep/lamb named Lammy and a pig named Truffles.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ The voting took place during the month of March 2010, and the winner was Lammy, who have featured in most of the latest episodes.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ Even though Truffles lost the vote, he still cameos in some episodes.", "List of Happy Tree Friends characters __knowledge__ Cuddles is a laser yellow male rabbit with pink cheeks, or a blush along with pink bunny slippers.", "Jam Handy __knowledge__ Henry Jamison \"Jam\" Handy (March 6, 1886 – November 13, 1983) was an American Olympic breaststroke swimmer, water polo player, and leader in the field of commercial audio and visual communications.", "Jam Handy __knowledge__ Handy was noted for the number of training films that he produced over the years.", "Jam Handy __knowledge__ As a swimmer, Handy introduced a number of new swimming strokes to Americans, such as the Australian crawl.", "Jam Handy __knowledge__ He would often wake up early and devise new strokes to give him an edge over other swimmers.", "Jam Handy __knowledge__ Swimming led to him getting a bronze in the 1904 Olympics at St. Louis, Missouri.", "Jam Handy __knowledge__ Twenty years later he was part of the Illinois Athletic Club water polo team at the 1924 Olympics in Paris, France.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ Hot chocolate, also known as hot cocoa, drinking chocolate or just cocoa is a heated beverage consisting of shaved chocolate, melted chocolate or cocoa powder, heated milk or water, and usually a sweetener.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ Hot chocolate may be topped with whipped cream.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ Hot chocolate made with melted chocolate is sometimes called drinking chocolate, characterized by less sweetness and a thicker consistency.", "Hot chocolate __knowledge__ The first chocolate beverage is believed to have been created by the Mayans around 2,500-3,000 years ago, and a cocoa beverage was an essential part of Aztec culture by 1400 AD, by which they referred to as xocōlātl.", "Creativity __knowledge__ Creativity is a phenomenon whereby something new and somehow valuable is formed.", "Creativity __knowledge__ The created item may be intangible (such as an idea, a scientific theory, a musical composition, or a joke) or a physical object (such as an invention, a literary work, or a painting).", "Creativity __knowledge__ Scholarly interest in creativity involves many definitions and concepts pertaining to a number of disciplines: engineering, psychology, cognitive science, education, philosophy (particularly philosophy of science), technology, theology, sociology, linguistics, business studies, songwriting, and economics, covering the relations between creativity and general intelligence, mental and neurological processes, personality type and creative ability, creativity and mental health; the potential for fostering creativity through education and training, especially as augmented by technology; the maximization of creativity for national economic benefit, and the application of creative resources to improve the effectiveness of teaching and learning.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The Spirit of the Age (full title \"The Spirit of the Age: Or, Contemporary Portraits\") is a collection of character sketches by the early 19th century English essayist, literary critic, and social commentator William Hazlitt, portraying 25 men, mostly British, whom he believed to represent significant trends in the thought, literature, and politics of his time.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The subjects include thinkers, social reformers, politicians, poets, essayists, and novelists, many of whom Hazlitt was personally acquainted with or had encountered.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ Originally appearing in English periodicals, mostly \"The New Monthly Magazine\" in 1824, the essays were collected with several others written for the purpose and published in book form in 1825.", "Reading, Berkshire __knowledge__ Reading ( ) is a large, historically important minster town in Berkshire, England, of which it is the county town.", "Reading, Berkshire __knowledge__ It is located in the Thames Valley at the confluence of the River Thames and River Kennet, and on both the Great Western Main Line railway and the M4 motorway.", "Reading, Berkshire __knowledge__ Reading is east of Bristol, south of Oxford, west of London, north of Basingstoke, south-west of Maidenhead and east of Newbury as the crow flies.", "Reading, Berkshire __knowledge__ The first evidence for Reading as a settlement dates from the 8th century.", "Reading, Berkshire __knowledge__ It was an important trading and ecclesiastical centre in the medieval period, as the site of Reading Abbey, one of the richest monasteries of medieval England with strong royal connections, of which the 12th century abbey gateway and significant ruins remain.", "Functional magnetic resonance imaging __knowledge__ Functional magnetic resonance imaging or functional MRI (fMRI) measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow.", "Functional magnetic resonance imaging __knowledge__ This technique relies on the fact that cerebral blood flow and neuronal activation are coupled.", "Functional magnetic resonance imaging __knowledge__ When an area of the brain is in use, blood flow to that region also increases.", "Functional magnetic resonance imaging __knowledge__ The primary form of fMRI uses the blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) contrast, discovered by Seiji Ogawa.", "Functional magnetic resonance imaging __knowledge__ This is a type of specialized brain and body scan used to map neural activity in the brain or spinal cord of humans or other animals by imaging the change in blood flow (hemodynamic response) related to energy use by brain cells.", "Teach the Controversy __knowledge__ \"Teach the Controversy\" is a campaign, conducted by the Discovery Institute, to promote the pseudoscientific principle of intelligent design, a variant of traditional creationism, while attempting to discredit the teaching of evolution in United States public high school science courses.", "Teach the Controversy __knowledge__ The campaign claims that fairness and equal time require educating students with a 'critical analysis of evolution' where \"the full range of scientific views\", evolution's \"unresolved issues\", and the \"scientific weaknesses of evolutionary theory\" will be presented and evaluated alongside intelligent design concepts like irreducible complexity presented as a scientific argument against evolution through oblique references to books by design proponents listed in the bibliography of the Institute-proposed \"Critical Analysis of Evolution\" lesson plans.", "Sight-reading __knowledge__ Sight-reading, also called a prima vista (Italian meaning \"at first sight\"), is the reading and performing of a piece of music or song in music notation that the performer has not seen before.", "Sight-reading __knowledge__ Sight-singing is used to describe a singer who is sight-reading.", "Sight-reading __knowledge__ Both activities require the musician to play or sing the notated rhythms and pitches.", "Sight-reading __knowledge__ Many believe that sight-singing is the more challenging of the two, because singers do not have any keys, frets or valves (on keyboard instruments, guitars, and valved brass instruments, respectively) to help them obtain the correct pitches.", "Sight-reading __knowledge__ Singers must also read and sing the correct lyrics, which adds another layer beyond pitch and dynamics." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a complex \"cognitive process\" of decoding symbols in order to construct or derive meaning (reading comprehension).", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Reading is a means of language acquisition, communication, and of sharing information and ideas.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Like all languages, it is a complex interaction between the text and the reader which is shaped by the reader’s prior knowledge, experiences, attitude, and language community which is culturally and socially situated.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ The reading process requires continuous practice, development, and refinement.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ In addition, reading requires creativity and critical analysis.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Consumers of literature make ventures with each piece, innately deviating from literal words to create images that make sense to them in the unfamiliar places the texts describe.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Because reading is such a complex process, it cannot be controlled or restricted to one or two interpretations.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ There are no concrete laws in reading, but rather allows readers an escape to produce their own products introspectively.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ This promotes deep exploration of texts during interpretation.", "Reading (process) __knowledge__ Readers use a variety of reading strategies to assist with decoding (to translate symbols into sounds or visual representations of speech) and comprehension.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ \"Oh Yeah\" is a single released in 1985 by the Swiss band Yello and featured on their album \"Stella\".", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ The song features a mix of electronic music and manipulated vocals.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ The song gained popularity after being featured in the films \"Ferris Bueller's Day Off\" and \"The Secret of My Success\", among other films.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ It has become an iconic anthem of the 1980s, and used to metaphorically represent lust (in various forms) and cocaine.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ It is a popular staple in movies, television and commercials.", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ Its 1987 re-released version features the extra lyrics: \"such a good time / a really good time\".", "Oh Yeah (Yello song) __knowledge__ Describing the composition of \"Oh Yeah,\" Blank said, \"First I did the music and then I invited Dieter to sing along, and he came up with some lines which I thought, 'no Dieter, it's too complicated, we don't need that many lyrics'.", "Stella (album) __knowledge__ Stella is the fourth studio album by the Swiss electronic band Yello, first released in Germany, Switzerland and Austria on 29 January 1985, and in the UK and US in March 1985.", "Stella (album) __knowledge__ It was the first album made by the band without founder member Carlos Perón, and with his departure the remaining duo of Boris Blank and Dieter Meier began to move away from experimental electronic sounds towards a more commercial synthpop and cinematic soundtrack style.", "Stella (album) __knowledge__ As well as becoming the first album ever by a Swiss group to top the Swiss album chart, it was the band's breakthrough album internationally, helped by the success of the song \"Oh Yeah\", which gained the band worldwide attention the following year after it was prominently featured in the 1986 film \"Ferris Bueller's Day Off\" and then a year later in \"The Secret of My Success\".", "Oh Yeah (music centre) __knowledge__ Oh Yeah is a music centre located in Belfast, Northern Ireland, in the Cathedral Quarter.", "Oh Yeah (music centre) __knowledge__ It was founded primarily to support young talented musicians and bands from Northern Ireland and its huge and growing music scene by providing help and promotion, technical equipment for rehearsing, recording, gigs and event organisation, performing space and releases of band compilations (\"Oh Yeah Sessions\").", "Oh Yeah (music centre) __knowledge__ The Oh Yeah music centre's genres are varying in its manifoldness of Alternative rock, Indie rock, Electronica, Post rock, Post punk, Crossover, Experimental rock and further musical stylistic ways and conceptions.", "Sexy (Glee) __knowledge__ \"Sexy\" is the fifteenth episode of the second season of the American musical comedy-drama television series \"Glee\", and the thirty-seventh episode overall.", "Sexy (Glee) __knowledge__ It was written by Brad Falchuk, directed by Ryan Murphy, and first aired on the Fox network on March 8, 2011.", "Sexy (Glee) __knowledge__ The episode mainly revolves around the topics of sex and adolescent sexuality.", "Sexy (Glee) __knowledge__ In it, Holly Holliday (Gwyneth Paltrow) returns to McKinley High School as a substitute teacher in a class devoted to sex education.", "Sexy (Glee) __knowledge__ Glee club director Will Schuester (Matthew Morrison) begins to develop feelings for Holly, and guidance counselor and celibacy club advisor Emma Pillsbury (Jayma Mays) is less than pleased with Holly's lessons.", "Oh Yeah! Cartoons __knowledge__ Oh Yeah!", "Oh Yeah! Cartoons __knowledge__ Cartoons is an American animation showcase that appeared on the Nickelodeon cable network, who which was created and guided by Fred Seibert, former Creative Director of MTV Networks and President of Hanna-Barbera.", "Oh Yeah! Cartoons __knowledge__ Produced by Nickelodeon Animation Studio and Frederator Incorporated, it ran as part of Nickelodeon's Nicktoons lineup, and, in its second season, was hosted by Kenan Thompson of \"All That\" and \"Kenan & Kel\" fame; followed later by Josh Server, also from \"All That\", for its third season.", "Oh Yeah! Cartoons __knowledge__ Bill Burnett composed the show's theme music.", "Oh Yeah! Cartoons __knowledge__ In terms of sheer volume, \"Oh Yeah!", "Oh Yeah! Cartoons __knowledge__ Cartoons\" remains TV's biggest animation development program ever.", "Oh Yeah (Foxy Brown song) __knowledge__ \"Oh Yeah\" is the first single from Trinidadian American female hip-hop artist Foxy Brown's third album \"Broken Silence\".", "Oh Yeah (Foxy Brown song) __knowledge__ \"Oh Yeah\" was officially released on May 4, 2001 in the United States.", "Oh Yeah (Foxy Brown song) __knowledge__ Initially, it was released through the mixtape circuit in late 2000 with alternate lyrics- most notably on Foxy Brown's \"Best Of Foxy Brown\" mixtape in 2000, hosted by DJ Envy.", "Oh Yeah (Foxy Brown song) __knowledge__ The single was unsuccessful, receiving little airplay on urban radio stations (though popular on New York City and the upper East Coast urban stations) and little video rotation on MTV, though it was slightly more successful on BET.", "MBLAQ __knowledge__ MBLAQ (, ; an acronym for Music Boys Live in Absolute Quality) is a South Korean boy group created by South Korean entertainer Rain under J.", "MBLAQ __knowledge__ Tune Camp.", "MBLAQ __knowledge__ The group consists of Seungho, G.O, and Mir, and formerly Lee Joon and Thunder.", "MBLAQ __knowledge__ The group debuted on October 15, 2009, at Rain's Legend of Rainism concert.", "MBLAQ __knowledge__ On October 14, 2009, the group released their debut single album, \"Just BLAQ\", which topped various online and offline music charts in South Korea.", "MBLAQ __knowledge__ The group then released their first extended play album \"Y\" on May 19, 2010, and on January 10, 2011, MBLAQ released their first studio album, \"BLAQ Style\".", "Privacy concerns with social networking services __knowledge__ Since the arrival of early social networking sites in the early 2000s, online social networking platforms have expanded exponentially, with the biggest names in social media in the mid-2010s being Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and SnapChat.", "Privacy concerns with social networking services __knowledge__ The massive influx of personal information that has become available online and stored in the cloud has put user privacy at the forefront of discussion of the databases ability to safely store such personal information.", "Privacy concerns with social networking services __knowledge__ The extent to which users and social media platform administrators can access user profiles has become a new topic of ethical consideration and the legality, awareness and boundaries of subsequent privacy violations are critical concerns in the advance of the technological age.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ Self-disclosure is a process of communication by which one person reveals information about himself or herself to another.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ The information can be descriptive or evaluative, and can include thoughts, feelings, aspirations, goals, failures, successes, fears, and dreams, as well as one's likes, dislikes, and favorites.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ Social penetration theory posits that there are two dimensions to self-disclosure: breadth and depth.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ Both are crucial in developing a fully intimate relationship.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ The range of topics discussed by two individuals is the breadth of disclosure.", "Self-disclosure __knowledge__ The degree to which the information revealed is private or personal is the depth of that disclosure.", "Social networking service __knowledge__ A social networking service (also social networking site, SNS or social media) is an online platform that people use to build social networks or social relations with other people who share similar personal or career interests, activities, backgrounds or real-life connections.", "Social networking service __knowledge__ The variety of stand-alone and built-in social networking services currently available online introduces challenges of definition; however, some common features exist: Most social-network services are web-based and provide means for users to interact over the Internet, such as by e-mail, by instant messaging and through online forums.", "Information society __knowledge__ An information society is a society where the creation, distribution, use, integration and manipulation of information is a significant economic, political, and cultural activity.", "Information society __knowledge__ Its main drivers are digital information and communication technologies, which have resulted in an information explosion and are profoundly changing all aspects of social organization, including the economy, education, health, warfare, government and democracy.", "Information society __knowledge__ The People who have the means to partake in this form of society are sometimes called digital citizens, defined by K. Mossberger as “Those who use the Internet regularly and effectively”.", "Social penetration theory __knowledge__ The social penetration theory (SPT) proposes that, as relationships develop, interpersonal communication moves from relatively shallow, non-intimate levels to deeper, more intimate ones.", "Social penetration theory __knowledge__ The theory was formulated by psychologists Irwin Altman and Dalmas Taylor in 1973 to understand relationship development between individuals.", "Social penetration theory __knowledge__ Altman and Taylor notes that relationships \"involve different levels of intimacy of exchange or degree of social penetration\".", "Social penetration theory __knowledge__ The social penetration theory is known as an objective theory as opposed to an interpretive theory, meaning that it is based on data drawn from experiments and not from conclusions based on individuals' specific experiences.", "Delaware Center for the Contemporary Arts __knowledge__ The Delaware Contemporary is Delaware’s only contemporary art museum.", "Delaware Center for the Contemporary Arts __knowledge__ Founded in 1979 by a small volunteer group of artists and arts patrons, The Delaware Contemporary made its focus the promotion of growth and understanding of the contemporary arts in Delaware.", "Delaware Center for the Contemporary Arts __knowledge__ It started in a former sheet-metal fabricating factory and moved several times, finally finding a permanent home in 2000.", "Delaware Center for the Contemporary Arts __knowledge__ This location offered a 33,000-square-foot building and, once remodeled, opened with seven galleries, 26 on-site artist studios, an auditorium, a museum shop, a classroom, and administrative office space.", "Delaware Center for the Contemporary Arts __knowledge__ By this time a staff was in place and both community outreach and curatorial programming expanded exponentially.", "Criticism of Facebook __knowledge__ Criticism of Facebook relates to how Facebook's market dominance have led to international media coverage and significant reporting of its shortcomings.", "Criticism of Facebook __knowledge__ Notable issues include Internet privacy, such as its use of a widespread \"like\" button on third-party websites tracking users, possible indefinite records of user information, automatic facial recognition software, and its role in the workplace, including employer-employee account disclosure.", "Criticism of Facebook __knowledge__ The use of Facebook can have psychological effects, including feelings of jealousy and stress, a lack of attention, and social media addiction, in some cases comparable to drug addiction." ] ]

[ 4, 5, 2, 8 ]

[ "I do as well. I am teaching my young child to read and it requires continuous practice!", "Reading also requires creativity and critical analysis - so you are really using your brain when you read.", "That's funny. It is also a great way of sharing information and ideas.", "It really is a great escape and allows you to be introspective." ]

[ "Reading (process)", "Reading (process)", "Reading (process)", "Reading (process)" ]

[ "Association football\nMy son plays soccer and football", "What else can you tell me about it? I just watch games but don't know a lot lol", "I had no idea it was that popular!", "Yes and those goalies take a lot of abuse and get injured a lot", "What are Laws of the Game? Like rules of the game?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Association football __knowledge__ Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball.", "Association football __knowledge__ It is played by 250 million players in over 200 countries and dependencies, making it the world's most popular sport.", "Association football __knowledge__ The game is played on a rectangular field with a goal at each end.", "Association football __knowledge__ The object of the game is to score by getting the ball into the opposing goal.", "Association football __knowledge__ Players are not allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play, unless they are goalkeepers (and then only when within their penalty area).", "Association football __knowledge__ Other players mainly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may also use any part of their body except the hands and the arms.", "Association football __knowledge__ The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins.", "Association football __knowledge__ If the score is level at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition.", "Association football __knowledge__ The Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863.", "Association football __knowledge__ Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; ), which organises World Cups for both men and women every four years.", "List of The Story of Saiunkoku characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the light novel, anime and manga series, \"The Story of Saiunkoku\".", "List of The Story of Saiunkoku characters __knowledge__ The Hong clan is the second most powerful clan in the fictional country of Saiunkoku.", "List of The Story of Saiunkoku characters __knowledge__ The clan's specialties are growing tangerines and creating special \"seven-colored\" ink.", "List of The Story of Saiunkoku characters __knowledge__ Their clan seal bears the emblems of a paulownia, bamboo, phoenix, and kirin.", "List of The Story of Saiunkoku characters __knowledge__ is the daughter and only child of Shōka Hong.", "List of The Story of Saiunkoku characters __knowledge__ She is sixteen years old when the story begins.", "List of The Story of Saiunkoku characters __knowledge__ As a descendant of the direct line, she has the title hime, which means 'Princess' or 'Lady'.", "List of The Story of Saiunkoku characters __knowledge__ Despite the high social status of her family, Shūrei grew up in relatively impoverished circumstances.", "Hurricanes (TV series) __knowledge__ Hurricanes is an animated series produced by DIC Entertainment, Siriol Productions and Scottish Television.", "Hurricanes (TV series) __knowledge__ The show was distributed by Bohbot Entertainment for syndication outside of the UK, with Scottish Television controlling the UK rights.", "Hurricanes (TV series) __knowledge__ The series first aired in 1993 and ended in 1997.", "Hurricanes (TV series) __knowledge__ The series focused on a fictional football team headed by the female inheritor of the teams' legacy, Amanda Carey and their coach, Jock Stone.", "Hurricanes (TV series) __knowledge__ Stone was notably based on Celtic F.C.", "Hurricanes (TV series) __knowledge__ manager Jock Stein.", "Hurricanes (TV series) __knowledge__ During the series, the Hurricanes football team would either be battling a renegade football club, The Gorgons managed by Stavros Garkos, for pitch supremacy or having wild, unpredictable adventures off the field in exotic world touring locations.", "Simon vs. the Homo Sapiens Agenda __knowledge__ Simon vs. the Homo Sapiens Agenda is a young adult novel by Becky Albertalli.", "Simon vs. the Homo Sapiens Agenda __knowledge__ It is a coming-of-age novel.", "Simon vs. the Homo Sapiens Agenda __knowledge__ The book is based on the character Simon Spier.", "Simon vs. the Homo Sapiens Agenda __knowledge__ Becky Albertalli was inspired by Jaclyn Moriarty.", "Simon vs. the Homo Sapiens Agenda __knowledge__ Simon Spier – the 17-year-old gay protagonist who has yet to come out and is in an online relationship with a boy named \"Blue\".", "Simon vs. the Homo Sapiens Agenda __knowledge__ He goes by the pseudonym \"Jacques,\" which is a reference to \"Jacques a dit,\" meaning Simon Says in French.", "Simon vs. the Homo Sapiens Agenda __knowledge__ He loves Oreos and has a passion for Elliott Smith.", "Simon vs. the Homo Sapiens Agenda __knowledge__ He is fond of musical theater and participates in his school's productions, even though he gets bit parts.", "Simon vs. the Homo Sapiens Agenda __knowledge__ He plays \"Fagin's boy\" in their production of \"Oliver!\".", "List of The Sopranos characters – Friends and family __knowledge__ Domenica is the daughter of Janice and Bobby Baccalieri.", "List of The Sopranos characters – Friends and family __knowledge__ She was born sometime in 2005, after her parents got married.", "List of The Sopranos characters – Friends and family __knowledge__ Getting her registered for a pre-school was the reason why Janice and Bobby were not able to take care of Junior the night he shot Tony.", "List of The Sopranos characters – Friends and family __knowledge__ Domenica rode the amusement ride with her mother at the Feast of St. Elzéar when it broke.", "List of The Sopranos characters – Friends and family __knowledge__ She longed for another ride and Tony later spun her around at the feast, to her joy.", "List of The Sopranos characters – Friends and family __knowledge__ That year, Janice took Domenica to Satriale's Pork Store to demand that Tony make Bobby a capo.", "List of The Sopranos characters – Friends and family __knowledge__ In 2007, Domenica played at the house near the lake when Tony, Carmela, Bobby, and Janice celebrated Tony's birthday.", "Intransitive verb __knowledge__ In grammar, an intransitive verb does not allow a direct object.", "Intransitive verb __knowledge__ This is distinct from a transitive verb, which takes one or more objects.", "Intransitive verb __knowledge__ The verb property is called transitivity.", "Intransitive verb __knowledge__ In the following sentences, verbs are used without direct object: The following sentences contain transitive verbs (they take one or more objects): Some verbs allow for objects but do not always require one.", "Intransitive verb __knowledge__ Such a verb may be used as intransitive in one sentence, and as transitive in another: In general, intransitive verbs often involve weather terms, involuntary processes, states, bodily functions, motion, action processes, cognition, sensation, and emotion.", "Sa clan __knowledge__ The was a powerful noble clan of Baekje, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea.", "Sa clan __knowledge__ They were one of the \"Great Eight Families\" (\"Daeseongpaljok\", 大姓八族) of Baekje: (Sa (沙氏), Yeon (燕氏), Hyeop (劦氏), Hae (解氏), Jin (眞氏), Guk (國氏), Mok (木氏), and Baek (苩氏)).", "Sa clan __knowledge__ This helped them gain high court positions in the government and military.", "Sa clan __knowledge__ After the Battle at Mt.", "Sa clan __knowledge__ Amak fortress (阿莫山城) against Silla, At the beginning of the reign of King Mu of Baekje, the Great Eight Families lost a great deal of power.", "Sa clan __knowledge__ Among the families the Hae clan (who had led the battle), Hyeop, Jin and Mok disappeared from the central political stage leaving only the Yeon, Guk and Baek clans.", "Australia national soccer team __knowledge__ The Australian national soccer team represents Australia in international men's soccer.", "Australia national soccer team __knowledge__ Officially nicknamed the Socceroos, the team is controlled by the governing body for soccer in Australia, Football Federation Australia (FFA), which is currently a member of the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) and the regional ASEAN Football Federation (AFF) since leaving the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) in 2006.", "Australia national soccer team __knowledge__ Australia is the only national team to have been a champion of two confederations, having won the OFC Nations Cup four times between 1980 and 2004, as well as the AFC Asian Cup at the 2015 event on home soil." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Association football __knowledge__ Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball.", "Association football __knowledge__ It is played by 250 million players in over 200 countries and dependencies, making it the world's most popular sport.", "Association football __knowledge__ The game is played on a rectangular field with a goal at each end.", "Association football __knowledge__ The object of the game is to score by getting the ball into the opposing goal.", "Association football __knowledge__ Players are not allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play, unless they are goalkeepers (and then only when within their penalty area).", "Association football __knowledge__ Other players mainly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may also use any part of their body except the hands and the arms.", "Association football __knowledge__ The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins.", "Association football __knowledge__ If the score is level at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition.", "Association football __knowledge__ The Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863.", "Association football __knowledge__ Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; ), which organises World Cups for both men and women every four years.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ This Is England '86 is a 2010 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne, a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Set three years later, it focuses on the mod revival scene rather than the skinhead subculture, with the gang variously adopting an eclectic mix of clothing styles.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Like the film version previously, Thomas Turgoose stars as Shaun, with central roles played by Joe Gilgun as Woody, now a scooter-riding mod, although girlfriend Lol (Vicky McClure) and her friend Trev stay loyal to their roots and still wear the skinhead garb.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Lol's sister Kelly has gone new wave/punk, while other gang members adopt psychobilly, early chav and mohican influences.", "Game & Watch __knowledge__ Game & Watch ( \"Gēmu & Uotchi\"; called Tricotronic in West Germany and Austria) is a line of handheld electronic games produced by Nintendo from 1980 to 1991.", "Game & Watch __knowledge__ Created by game designer Gunpei Yokoi, each \"Game & Watch\" features a single game to be played on an LCD screen in addition to a clock, an alarm, or both.", "Game & Watch __knowledge__ This console inspired Nintendo to make the Game Boy.", "Game & Watch __knowledge__ It was the earliest Nintendo product to gain major success.", "Game & Watch __knowledge__ In 1979, Gunpei Yokoi, traveling on a Shinkansen, saw a bored businessman playing with an LCD calculator by pressing the buttons.", "Game & Watch __knowledge__ Yokoi then thought of an idea for a watch that doubled as a miniature game machine for killing time.", "List of Game & Watch games __knowledge__ This is a list of \"Game & Watch\" games released by Nintendo, along with their format and date of release, if known.", "List of Game & Watch games __knowledge__ See lists of video games for related lists.", "List of Game & Watch games __knowledge__ Several of these games were collected and re-released as ports for the \"Game & Watch Gallery\" series for Game Boy, Game Boy Color and Game Boy Advance.", "List of Game & Watch games __knowledge__ The games also were re-released as stand-alone titles for the Nintendo Mini Classics series in the late 1990s.", "List of Game & Watch games __knowledge__ Digital versions of the games were created as DSiWare which was released for Nintendo DSi in 2009 (2010 internationally) and for Nintendo 3DS in 2011.", "List of Game & Watch games __knowledge__ Ball (originally known as \"Toss-Up\" in North America) is a \"Game & Watch\" game released as a part of the Silver series on April 28, 1980.", "List of The Story of Tracy Beaker characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that were introduced in CBBC's \"The Story of Tracy Beaker\".", "List of The Story of Tracy Beaker characters __knowledge__ The series is based on the book of the same name by Jacqueline Wilson.", "List of The Story of Tracy Beaker characters __knowledge__ It ran on for five series from 2002 to 2005.", "List of The Story of Tracy Beaker characters __knowledge__ The series was followed by \"Tracy Beaker Returns\" that ran for three series from 2010 to 2012 and then \"The Dumping Ground\" that has aired since 2013.", "List of The Story of Tracy Beaker characters __knowledge__ Connor Byrne has played the role of Mike Milligan for all three programmes.", "List of The Story of Tracy Beaker characters __knowledge__ Dani Harmer and Lisa Coleman reprised their roles as Tracy Beaker and Cam Lawson for \"Tracy Beaker Returns\".", "List of The Story of Tracy Beaker characters __knowledge__ Tracy Beaker, played by actress Dani Harmer, is the main (and title) character throughout \"The Story of Tracy Beaker\" and \"Tracy Beaker Returns\".", "LOL __knowledge__ LOL, or lol, is an acronym for laugh(ing) out loud or lots of laughs, and a popular element of Internet slang.", "LOL __knowledge__ It was first used almost exclusively on Usenet, but has since become widespread in other forms of computer-mediated communication and even face-to-face communication.", "LOL __knowledge__ It is one of many initialisms for expressing bodily reactions, in particular laughter, as text, including initialisms for more emphatic expressions of laughter such as LMAO (\"laugh(ing) my ass off\") and ROFL (or its older form ROTFL; \"roll(ing) on the floor laughing\").", "LOL __knowledge__ Other unrelated expansions include the now mostly obsolete \"lots of luck\" or \"lots of love\" used in letter-writing.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ This Is England '90 is a 2015 British TV drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne and produced by Warp Films.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ A spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\", it is also a sequel to the series \"This Is England '86\" and \"This Is England '88\".", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ \"This Is England '90\" was originally due in late 2012, but in July 2012, Meadows announced that the production had been put on hold in order for him to complete his The Stone Roses, and the actors were still waiting for confirmation as to when filming would start.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ In March 2014, Meadows confirmed that shooting would start later in the year although he had not yet finished the script.", "2013 Lahad Datu standoff __knowledge__ The 2013 Lahad Datu standoff (also known as the Lahad Datu incursion) was a military conflict that started on 11 February 2013 and fully ended on 24 March 2013.", "2013 Lahad Datu standoff __knowledge__ The standoff arose after 235 militants, some of whom were armed, arrived by boats in Lahad Datu District, Sabah, Malaysia from Simunul island, Tawi-Tawi, in the southern Philippines, on 11 February 2013.", "2013 Lahad Datu standoff __knowledge__ The group, calling themselves the \"Royal Security Forces of the Sultanate of Sulu and North Borneo\", was sent by Jamalul Kiram III, one of the claimants to the throne of the Sultanate of Sulu.", "2013 Lahad Datu standoff __knowledge__ Kiram III stated that their objective was to assert the unresolved territorial claim of the Philippines to eastern Sabah (the former North Borneo).", "Early history of American football __knowledge__ The early history of American football can be traced to early versions of rugby football and association football.", "Early history of American football __knowledge__ Both games have their origin in varieties of football played in Britain in the mid–19th century, in which a football is kicked at a goal or run over a line, which in turn were based on the varieties of English public school football games.", "Early history of American football __knowledge__ American football resulted from several major divergences from association football and rugby football, most notably the rule changes instituted by Walter Camp, a Yale University and Hopkins School graduate considered to be the \"father of gridiron football\".", "Football __knowledge__ Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball with a foot to score a goal.", "Football __knowledge__ Unqualified, the word \"football\" is understood to refer to whichever form of football is the most popular in the regional context in which the word appears.", "Football __knowledge__ Sports commonly called \"football\" in certain places include: association football (known as soccer in some countries); gridiron football (specifically American football or Canadian football); Australian rules football; rugby football (either rugby league or rugby union); and Gaelic football.", "Football __knowledge__ These different variations of football are known as football codes.", "College football __knowledge__ College football is American football played by teams of student athletes fielded by American universities, colleges, and military academies, or Canadian football played by teams of student athletes fielded by Canadian universities.", "College football __knowledge__ It was through college football play that American football rules first gained popularity in the United States.", "College football __knowledge__ Unlike most other sports in North America, no minor league farm organizations exist in American or Canadian football.", "College football __knowledge__ Therefore, college football is generally considered to be the second tier of American football in the United States and Canadian football in Canada; one step ahead of high school competition, and one step below professional competition.", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ The following is a description of the various and alternating rules of gridiron football.", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ Numerous leagues or organizations tend to send a laundry list of rules in order to better distinguish themselves from their counterparts.", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ American football is played on a field .", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ The longer boundary lines are \"sidelines\", while the shorter boundary lines are \"end lines\".", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ Sidelines and end lines are out of bounds.", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ Near each end of the field is a \"goal line\"; they are apart.", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ A scoring area called an \"end zone\" extends beyond each goal line to each end line.", "List of gridiron football rules __knowledge__ The end zone includes the goal line but not the end line.", "American football __knowledge__ American football, referred to as football in the United States and Canada, and also known as gridiron football or simply gridiron, is a team sport played by two teams of eleven players on a rectangular field with goalposts at each end.", "American football __knowledge__ The offense, which is the team controlling the oval-shaped football, attempts to advance down the field by running with or passing the ball, while the defense, which is the team without control of the ball, aims to stop the offense's advance and aims to take control of the ball for themselves.", "American football __knowledge__ The offense must advance at least ten yards in four downs, or plays, and otherwise they turn over the football to the defense; if the offense succeeds in advancing ten yards or more, they are given a new set of four downs.", "History of American football __knowledge__ The history of American football can be traced to early versions of rugby football and association football.", "History of American football __knowledge__ Both games have their origin in varieties of football played in Britain in the mid-19th century, in which a football is kicked at a goal or kicked over a line, which in turn were based on the varieties of English public school football games.", "History of American football __knowledge__ American football resulted from several major divergences from association football and rugby football, most notably the rule changes instituted by Walter Camp, a Yale University and Hopkins School graduate who is considered to be the \"Father of American Football\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Association football __knowledge__ Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball.", "Association football __knowledge__ It is played by 250 million players in over 200 countries and dependencies, making it the world's most popular sport.", "Association football __knowledge__ The game is played on a rectangular field with a goal at each end.", "Association football __knowledge__ The object of the game is to score by getting the ball into the opposing goal.", "Association football __knowledge__ Players are not allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play, unless they are goalkeepers (and then only when within their penalty area).", "Association football __knowledge__ Other players mainly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may also use any part of their body except the hands and the arms.", "Association football __knowledge__ The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins.", "Association football __knowledge__ If the score is level at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition.", "Association football __knowledge__ The Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863.", "Association football __knowledge__ Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; ), which organises World Cups for both men and women every four years.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ A Treatise of Human Nature (1738–40) is a book by Scottish philosopher David Hume, considered by many to be Hume's most important work and one of the most influential works in the history of philosophy.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ The \"Treatise\" is a classic statement of philosophical empiricism, skepticism, and naturalism.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ In the introduction Hume presents the idea of placing all science and philosophy on a novel foundation: namely, an empirical investigation into human nature.", "A Treatise of Human Nature __knowledge__ Impressed by Isaac Newton's achievements in the physical sciences, Hume sought to introduce the same experimental method of reasoning into the study of human psychology, with the aim of discovering the \"extent and force of human understanding\".", "General Idea __knowledge__ General Idea was a collective of three Canadian artists, Felix Partz, Jorge Zontal and AA Bronson, who were active from 1967 to 1994.", "General Idea __knowledge__ As pioneers of early conceptual and media-based art, their collaboration became a model for artist-initiated activities and continues to be a prominent influence on subsequent generations of artists.", "General Idea __knowledge__ Initially working in Toronto, from 1968 through 1993 they divided their time between Toronto and New York before returning to Toronto for the last few months of their time together.", "General Idea __knowledge__ General Idea's work inhabited and subverted forms of popular and media culture, including beauty pageants, boutiques, television talk shows, trade fair pavilions and mass media.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ Ethnomusicology is the study of music from the cultural and social aspects of the people who make it.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ It encompasses distinct theoretical and methodical approaches that emphasize cultural, social, material, cognitive, biological, and other dimensions or contexts of musical behavior, instead of only its isolated sound component.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ The term \"ethnomusicology\" is said to have been first coined by Jaap Kunst from the Greek words ἔθνος (\"ethnos\", \"nation\") and μουσική (\"mousike\", \"music\"), is often defined as the anthropology or ethnography of music, or as musical anthropology.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ During its early development from comparative musicology in the 1950s, ethnomusicology was primarily oriented toward non-Western music, but for several decades has included the study of all and any musics of the world (including Western art music and popular music) from anthropological, sociological and intercultural perspectives.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK's history as a developed island country, a liberal democracy and a major power; its predominantly Christian religious life; and its composition of four countries—England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland—each of which has distinct customs, cultures and symbolism.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture, and Humanism, Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ British literature, music, cinema, art, theatre, comedy, media, television, philosophy, architecture and education are important aspects of British culture.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The Spirit of the Age (full title \"The Spirit of the Age: Or, Contemporary Portraits\") is a collection of character sketches by the early 19th century English essayist, literary critic, and social commentator William Hazlitt, portraying 25 men, mostly British, whom he believed to represent significant trends in the thought, literature, and politics of his time.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The subjects include thinkers, social reformers, politicians, poets, essayists, and novelists, many of whom Hazlitt was personally acquainted with or had encountered.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ Originally appearing in English periodicals, mostly \"The New Monthly Magazine\" in 1824, the essays were collected with several others written for the purpose and published in book form in 1825.", "Religion in China __knowledge__ China has long been a cradle and host to a variety of the most enduring religio-philosophical traditions of the world.", "Religion in China __knowledge__ Confucianism and Taoism, later joined by Buddhism, constitute the \"three teachings\" that have shaped Chinese culture.", "Religion in China __knowledge__ There are no clear boundaries between these intertwined religious systems, which do not claim to be exclusive, and elements of each enrich popular or folk religion.", "Religion in China __knowledge__ The emperors of China claimed the Mandate of Heaven and participated in Chinese religious practices.", "Religion in China __knowledge__ In the early 20th century, reform-minded officials and intellectuals attacked all religions as \"superstitious\", and since 1949, China has been governed by the Communist Party of China, an atheist institution that prohibits party members from practising religion while in office.", "Juche __knowledge__ Juche (; ; ), usually left untranslated, or translated as \"self-reliance\", is the official state ideology of North Korea, described by the government as Kim Il-sung's \"original, brilliant and revolutionary contribution to national and international thought\".", "Juche __knowledge__ It postulates that \"man is the master of his destiny\", that the North Korean masses are to act as the \"masters of the revolution and construction\", and that by becoming self-reliant and strong a nation can achieve true socialism.", "Juche __knowledge__ Kim Il-sung (1912–1994) developed the ideology, originally viewed as a variant of Marxism–Leninism until it became distinctly \"Korean\" in character, whilst incorporating the historical materialist ideas of Marxism–Leninism and strongly emphasising the individual, the nation state and its sovereignty.", "Soccer in the United States __knowledge__ Soccer in the United States is governed by the United States Soccer Federation.", "Soccer in the United States __knowledge__ The organization governs most levels of soccer in the country, including the national teams, professional leagues, and the amateur game with the exception of colleges and high schools.", "Soccer in the United States __knowledge__ , over 24.4 million people play soccer in the United States.", "Soccer in the United States __knowledge__ In 2012, the U.S. Census Bureau reported that soccer was the third-most played team sport in the U.S., behind only basketball and baseball.", "Soccer in the United States __knowledge__ The popularity of the sport in the U.S. has been growing since the 1960s and 1970s, and received a significant boost when the United States hosted the 1994 FIFA World Cup and 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup.", "Rugby union __knowledge__ Rugby union, commonly known in most of the world as rugby, is a contact team sport which originated in England in the first half of the 19th century.", "Rugby union __knowledge__ One of the two codes of rugby football, it is based on running with the ball in hand.", "Rugby union __knowledge__ In its most common form, a game is between two teams of 15 players using an oval-shaped ball on a rectangular field with H-shaped goalposts on each try line.", "Rugby union __knowledge__ Rugby union is a popular sport around the world, played by male and female players of all ages.", "Rugby union __knowledge__ In 2014, there were more than 6 million people playing worldwide, of whom 2.36 million were registered players.", "Sport in China __knowledge__ \"This article is about sport in the People's Republic of China.", "Sport in China __knowledge__ For sport in the Republic of China, see Sports in Taiwan.\"", "Sport in China __knowledge__ Sport in China has been long associated to the martial arts.", "Sport in China __knowledge__ Today China (including mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau) consists of a variety of competitive sports.", "Sport in China __knowledge__ Traditional Chinese culture regards physical fitness as an important characteristic.", "Sport in China __knowledge__ China has its own national quadrennial multi-sport event similar to the Olympic Games called the National Games.", "Sport in China __knowledge__ According to the Chinese Basketball Association, there is a record number of around 300 million active basketball players in Asia.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ India is home to a diverse population playing many different sports across the country.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ Football is a popular sport in some of the Indian states.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ India has won all the Kabaddi World Cups to date.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ The country has won eight Olympic gold medals in field hockey.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ However, cricket is the most popular sport in India.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ Kabaddi, an indigenous sport is popular in rural India.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ Several games originated in India including chess, snooker and other regional games.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ India has won medals in badminton, kabaddi, hockey and many other sports and disciplines.", "Sport in India __knowledge__ Recently, different forms of martial arts have also gained a lot of prominence in India.", "Football __knowledge__ Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball with a foot to score a goal.", "Football __knowledge__ Unqualified, the word \"football\" is understood to refer to whichever form of football is the most popular in the regional context in which the word appears.", "Football __knowledge__ Sports commonly called \"football\" in certain places include: association football (known as soccer in some countries); gridiron football (specifically American football or Canadian football); Australian rules football; rugby football (either rugby league or rugby union); and Gaelic football.", "Football __knowledge__ These different variations of football are known as football codes.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Sports in the United States are an important part of the country's culture.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Based on revenue, the four major professional sports leagues in the United States are Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Basketball Association (NBA), the National Football League (NFL), and the National Hockey League (NHL).", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ The market for professional sports in the United States is roughly $69 billion, roughly 50% larger than that of all of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa combined.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ Major League Soccer is sometimes included in a \"top five\" of leagues of the country.", "Sports in the United States __knowledge__ All four enjoy wide-ranging domestic media coverage and are considered the preeminent leagues in their respective sports in the world, although only basketball, baseball, and ice hockey have substantial followings in other nations." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Association football __knowledge__ Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball.", "Association football __knowledge__ It is played by 250 million players in over 200 countries and dependencies, making it the world's most popular sport.", "Association football __knowledge__ The game is played on a rectangular field with a goal at each end.", "Association football __knowledge__ The object of the game is to score by getting the ball into the opposing goal.", "Association football __knowledge__ Players are not allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play, unless they are goalkeepers (and then only when within their penalty area).", "Association football __knowledge__ Other players mainly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may also use any part of their body except the hands and the arms.", "Association football __knowledge__ The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins.", "Association football __knowledge__ If the score is level at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition.", "Association football __knowledge__ The Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863.", "Association football __knowledge__ Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; ), which organises World Cups for both men and women every four years.", "Port of Bratislava __knowledge__ The Port of Bratislava () is a major port on the river Danube and — in a wider sense — on the Rhine-Main-Danube waterway, located in Bratislava, the capital of Slovakia.", "Port of Bratislava __knowledge__ It is a universal inland port consisting of two parts, a cargo port and a passenger port.", "Port of Bratislava __knowledge__ The former is a key facility for Slovakia's economy as the largest of three international ports in Slovakia, the others being in Komárno and Štúrovo.", "Port of Bratislava __knowledge__ The port lies at the strategic intersection of the Rhine-Main-Danube Canal with the Baltic-Adriatic Corridor, part of the Trans-European Transport Networks, and it is conveniently located near two major ports: Port of Vienna and Port of Budapest.", "Martin Brodeur __knowledge__ Martin Pierre Brodeur (; born May 6, 1972) is a Canadian American former professional ice hockey goaltender and the assistant general manager of the St. Louis Blues of the National Hockey League (NHL).", "Martin Brodeur __knowledge__ In his 21-season tenure with the New Jersey Devils, he won three Stanley Cup championships and five Eastern Conference titles in 17 postseason campaigns.", "Martin Brodeur __knowledge__ He also won two Olympic gold medals with Team Canada in the 2002 and 2010 Winter Olympic Games, as well as several other medals with Team Canada in other international competitions.", "Martin Brodeur __knowledge__ Brodeur is widely regarded as one of the greatest goaltenders of all time and in 2017 was named by the league as one of the \"100 Greatest NHL Players\".", "List of Orange Is the New Black characters __knowledge__ Orange Is the New Black is an American comedy-drama series created by Jenji Kohan that airs on Netflix.", "List of Orange Is the New Black characters __knowledge__ It is based on Piper Kerman's memoir, \"\", about her experiences in a women's prison.", "List of Orange Is the New Black characters __knowledge__ The series' protagonist is Piper Chapman, a woman sentenced to 15 months in a woman's federal prison for her part in a drug smuggling operation ten years before the start of the first season.", "List of Orange Is the New Black characters __knowledge__ It follows Piper's experiences in and out of prison along with the experiences of a diverse ensemble.", "List of Orange Is the New Black characters __knowledge__ Piper Chapman (played by Taylor Schilling) is a woman who was sentenced to 15 months in Litchfield Penitentiary for helping her former girlfriend Alex Vause smuggle drug money in Europe several years before the first episode.", "Roberto Luongo __knowledge__ Roberto Luongo (; born April 4, 1979) is a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender for the Florida Panthers of the National Hockey League (NHL).", "Roberto Luongo __knowledge__ Born in Montreal, Quebec, he is of Italian and Irish ancestry.", "Roberto Luongo __knowledge__ He employs the butterfly style of goaltending and has previously played in the NHL for the New York Islanders and the Vancouver Canucks.", "Roberto Luongo __knowledge__ Luongo is a two-time NHL Second All-Star (2004 and 2007) and a winner of the William M. Jennings Trophy for backstopping his team to the lowest goals-against average in the league (2011; with backup Cory Schneider).", "Roberto Luongo __knowledge__ He has additionally been a finalist for the Vezina Trophy as the league's best goaltender (2004, 2007 and 2011), the Lester B. Pearson Award as the top player voted by his peers (2004 and 2007) and the Hart Memorial Trophy as the league's most valuable player (2007).", "Political positions of John McCain __knowledge__ U.S.", "Political positions of John McCain __knowledge__ Senator John McCain (R-AZ), a member of the U.S. Congress since 1983, a two-time U.S. presidential candidate, and the nominee of the Republican Party in the 2008 U.S. Presidential election, has taken positions on many political issues through his public comments, his presidential campaign statements, and his senatorial voting record.", "Political positions of John McCain __knowledge__ Online, McCain uses his Senate web site and his 2008 campaign web site to describe his political positions.", "Political positions of John McCain __knowledge__ Regarding the general notion of consistency of political positions over time, McCain said in June 2008: \"My principles and my practice and my voting record are very clear.", "Frank Brimsek __knowledge__ Francis Charles \"Mr.", "Frank Brimsek __knowledge__ Zero\" Brimsek (September 26, 1915 – November 11, 1998) was an American professional ice hockey goaltender who played ten seasons in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the Boston Bruins and Chicago Black Hawks.", "Frank Brimsek __knowledge__ Brimsek started his career playing exhibition games with the Pittsburgh Yellow Jackets in 1934–35.", "Frank Brimsek __knowledge__ The Detroit Red Wings initially owned Brimsek's rights before they traded them to the Bruins in 1937.", "Frank Brimsek __knowledge__ In 1938–39, Brimsek made his NHL debut with the Bruins since their starting goalie, Tiny Thompson, sustained an injury during an exhibition match.", "Frank Brimsek __knowledge__ Initially deemed as a short term call-up, Brimsek soon found himself as the Bruins' starting goalie.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ \"Regular Show\" is an American animated series created by J. G. Quintel.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ The series contains many characters, with seven main characters and various recurring and one-time characters.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai (voiced by J. G. Quintel) is a 5'10\" anthropomorphic blue jay (6' including the crest) who works as a groundskeeper at The Park.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ He has been best friends with Rigby ever since childhood, and together they are very lazy and constantly slack off at their jobs there.", "List of Regular Show characters __knowledge__ Mordecai is more conscientious, mature, and moral about his actions than Rigby is, which sometimes leads to his opposing Rigby when he is the cause of some kind of chaotic problem.", "New Year's Eve __knowledge__ In the Gregorian calendar, New Year's Eve (also known as Old Year's Day or Saint Sylvester's Day in many countries), the last day of the year, is on 31 December which is the seventh day of Christmastide.", "New Year's Eve __knowledge__ In many countries, New Year's Eve is celebrated at evening social gatherings, where many people dance, eat, drink alcoholic beverages, and watch or light fireworks to mark the new year.", "New Year's Eve __knowledge__ Some Christians attend a watchnight service.", "New Year's Eve __knowledge__ The celebrations generally go on past midnight into New Year's Day, 1 January.", "New Year's Eve __knowledge__ Samoa, Tonga and Kiritimati (Christmas Island), part of Kiribati, are the first places to welcome the New Year while American Samoa and Baker Island in the United States of America are among the last.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr. __knowledge__ The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr., often referred to as just Brisco or Brisco County, is an American weird western television series created by Jeffrey Boam and Carlton Cuse.", "The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr. __knowledge__ It ran for 27 episodes on the Fox network starting in the 1993–94 season.", "The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr. __knowledge__ Set in the American West of 1893, the series follows its title character, a Harvard-educated lawyer-turned-bounty hunter hired by a group of wealthy industrialists to track and capture outlaw John Bly and his gang.", "The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr. __knowledge__ Bruce Campbell plays Brisco, who is joined by a colorful group of supporting characters, including Julius Carry as fellow bounty hunter Lord Bowler and Christian Clemenson as stick-in-the-mud lawyer Socrates Poole.", "David Campese __knowledge__ David Ian Campese, AM (born 21 October 1962), also known as Campo, is a former Australian rugby union player.", "David Campese __knowledge__ Campese was capped by the Wallabies 101 times, and held the world record for the most tries in test matches (64) until Daisuke Ohata scored his 65th try playing for Japan on 14 May 2006.", "David Campese __knowledge__ Campese made his debut for the Wallabies on the 1982 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand, during which he scored a try in his first two Tests.", "David Campese __knowledge__ In 1983, he equaled the then record for most tries in a Test match for Australia against the USA, scoring four tries.", "David Campese __knowledge__ He was a member of the Eighth Wallabies for the 1984 Australia rugby union tour of Britain and Ireland that won rugby union's \"grand slam\", the first Australian side to defeat all four home nations, England, Ireland, Wales and Scotland, on a tour.", "Johan Cruyff __knowledge__ Hendrik Johannes \"Johan\" Cruijff (, anglicised to Cruyff; 25 April 1947 – 24 March 2016) was a Dutch professional football player and coach.", "Johan Cruyff __knowledge__ As a player, he won the Ballon d'Or three times, in 1971, 1973, and 1974.", "Johan Cruyff __knowledge__ Cruyff was the most famous exponent of the football philosophy known as Total Football explored by Rinus Michels, and is widely regarded as one of the greatest players in football history.", "Johan Cruyff __knowledge__ In the 1970s, Dutch football rose from near obscurity to become a powerhouse in the sport.", "Johan Cruyff __knowledge__ Cruyff led the Netherlands to the final of the 1974 FIFA World Cup and received the Golden Ball as player of the tournament.", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ The History of Oregon State Beavers football covers more than 120 seasons since the team began play in 1893.", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ In 1893, Oregon State College was known as State Agricultural College (SAC).", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ William H. Bloss, son of SAC's school president, was the school's first coach, and the quarterback of the 1893 team.", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ Bloss moved to Corvallis, Oregon in June 1892.", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ He previously played football in the Midwest, and was considered very knowledgeable of football.", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ Bloss scheduled tryouts in the fall of 1893 trying to assemble a football team.", "History of Oregon State Beavers football __knowledge__ By mid-October, he had found 17 players that would make up the first football team in Oregon State's history.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Association football __knowledge__ Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball.", "Association football __knowledge__ It is played by 250 million players in over 200 countries and dependencies, making it the world's most popular sport.", "Association football __knowledge__ The game is played on a rectangular field with a goal at each end.", "Association football __knowledge__ The object of the game is to score by getting the ball into the opposing goal.", "Association football __knowledge__ Players are not allowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms while it is in play, unless they are goalkeepers (and then only when within their penalty area).", "Association football __knowledge__ Other players mainly use their feet to strike or pass the ball, but may also use any part of their body except the hands and the arms.", "Association football __knowledge__ The team that scores the most goals by the end of the match wins.", "Association football __knowledge__ If the score is level at the end of the game, either a draw is declared or the game goes into extra time or a penalty shootout depending on the format of the competition.", "Association football __knowledge__ The Laws of the Game were originally codified in England by The Football Association in 1863.", "Association football __knowledge__ Association football is governed internationally by the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA; ), which organises World Cups for both men and women every four years.", "Destiny 2 __knowledge__ Destiny 2 is an online-only multiplayer first-person shooter video game developed by Bungie and published by Activision.", "Destiny 2 __knowledge__ It was released for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One on September 6, 2017, followed by a Microsoft Windows version the following month.", "Destiny 2 __knowledge__ It is the sequel to 2014's \"Destiny\" and its subsequent expansions.", "Destiny 2 __knowledge__ Set in a \"mythic science fiction\" world, the game features a multiplayer \"shared-world\" environment with elements of role-playing games.", "Destiny 2 __knowledge__ Players assume the role of a Guardian, protectors of Earth's last safe city as they wield a power called Light to protect the Last City from different alien races.", "Football __knowledge__ Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kicking a ball with a foot to score a goal.", "Football __knowledge__ Unqualified, the word \"football\" is understood to refer to whichever form of football is the most popular in the regional context in which the word appears.", "Football __knowledge__ Sports commonly called \"football\" in certain places include: association football (known as soccer in some countries); gridiron football (specifically American football or Canadian football); Australian rules football; rugby football (either rugby league or rugby union); and Gaelic football.", "Football __knowledge__ These different variations of football are known as football codes.", "Early history of American football __knowledge__ The early history of American football can be traced to early versions of rugby football and association football.", "Early history of American football __knowledge__ Both games have their origin in varieties of football played in Britain in the mid–19th century, in which a football is kicked at a goal or run over a line, which in turn were based on the varieties of English public school football games.", "Early history of American football __knowledge__ American football resulted from several major divergences from association football and rugby football, most notably the rule changes instituted by Walter Camp, a Yale University and Hopkins School graduate considered to be the \"father of gridiron football\".", "Rules of chess __knowledge__ The rules of chess (also known as the laws of chess) are rules governing the play of the game of chess.", "Rules of chess __knowledge__ While the exact origins of chess are unclear, modern rules first took form during the Middle Ages.", "Rules of chess __knowledge__ The rules continued to be slightly modified until the early 19th century, when they reached essentially their current form.", "Rules of chess __knowledge__ The rules also varied somewhat from place to place.", "Rules of chess __knowledge__ Today, the standard rules are set by FIDE (\"Fédération Internationale des Échecs\"), the international governing body for chess.", "Rules of chess __knowledge__ Slight modifications are made by some national organizations for their own purposes.", "Rules of chess __knowledge__ There are variations of the rules for fast chess, correspondence chess, online chess, and Chess960.", "History of rugby union __knowledge__ The history of rugby union follows from various football games played long before the 19th century, but it was not until the middle of that century that the rules were formulated and codified.", "History of rugby union __knowledge__ The code of football later known as rugby union can be traced to three events: the first set of written rules in 1845, the Blackheath Club's decision to leave the Football Association in 1863 and the formation of the Rugby Football Union in 1871.", "History of rugby union __knowledge__ The code was originally known simply as \"rugby football\".", "History of rugby union __knowledge__ It was not until a schism in 1895, over the payment of players, which resulted in the formation of the separate code of rugby league, that the name \"rugby union\" was used to differentiate the original rugby code.", "Origins of baseball __knowledge__ The question of the origins of baseball has been the subject of debate and controversy for more than a century.", "Origins of baseball __knowledge__ Baseball and the other modern bat, ball and running games, cricket and rounders, were developed from folk games in early Britain and Continental Europe (such as France and Germany).", "Origins of baseball __knowledge__ Early forms of baseball had a number of names, including \"base ball\", \"goal ball\", \"round ball\", \"fetch-catch\", \"stool ball\", and, simply, \"base\".", "Origins of baseball __knowledge__ In at least one version of the game, teams pitched to themselves, runners went around the bases in the opposite direction of today's game, and players could be put out by being hit with the ball.", "History of association football __knowledge__ Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, can be traced to as far back as the Medieval period in Britain (medieval football).", "History of association football __knowledge__ The modern game of association football originates from the formation of The Football Association in London, England in 1863 based on multiple efforts to standardize the varying forms of the game.", "History of association football __knowledge__ This allowed clubs to play each other without dispute and which specifically banned handling of the ball (except by goalkeepers) and hacking during open field play.", "History of association football __knowledge__ After the fifth meeting of the association a schism emerged between association football and the rules played by the Rugby school, later to be called rugby football.", "Slavery in the United States __knowledge__ Slavery in the United States was the legal institution of human chattel enslavement, primarily of Africans and African Americans, that existed in the United States of America in the 18th and 19th centuries after it gained independence and before the end of the American Civil War.", "Slavery in the United States __knowledge__ Slavery had been practiced in British America from early colonial days, and was legal in all Thirteen Colonies at the time of the Declaration of Independence in 1776.", "Slavery in the United States __knowledge__ By the time of the American Revolution (1775–1783), the status of slave had been institutionalized as a racial caste associated with African ancestry.", "Slavery in the United States __knowledge__ When the United States Constitution was ratified (1789), a relatively small number of free people of color were among the voting citizens (male property owners).", "Laws of the Game (association football) __knowledge__ The Laws of the Game (LOTG) are the codified rules that help define association football.", "Laws of the Game (association football) __knowledge__ They are the only rules of association football subscribed to by the sport's governing body FIFA.", "Laws of the Game (association football) __knowledge__ The laws mention the number of players a team should have, the game length, the size of the field and ball, the type and nature of fouls that referees may penalise, the frequently misinterpreted offside law, and many other laws that define the sport.", "Laws of the Game (association football) __knowledge__ During a match, it is the task of the referee to interpret and enforce the Laws of the Game.", "Laws of the Game (association football) __knowledge__ There were various attempts to codify the rules of football in England in the mid-19th century.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK's history as a developed island country, a liberal democracy and a major power; its predominantly Christian religious life; and its composition of four countries—England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland—each of which has distinct customs, cultures and symbolism.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture, and Humanism, Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ British literature, music, cinema, art, theatre, comedy, media, television, philosophy, architecture and education are important aspects of British culture." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 4, 9, 10 ]

[ "That's awesome, it's also called association football where there are two teams of eleven playing with a ball.", "It's the world's most popular sport with 250 million players playing in 200 countries. ", "Funny because someone is just trying to get the ball in the goal and so many people watch it!", "They came up with the \"Laws of the Game\" in 1863, in England. ", "I believe so. I know that the International Federation of Association Football governs it internationally. " ]

[ "Association football", "Association football", "Association football", "Association football", "Association football" ]

[ "Hollywood\nHi! How's the weather where you are?", "Sounds familiar! I was joking with someone today that the weather here is what I imagine California weather to be like. Speaking of, my brother is out in Hollywood!", "I don't know much about the film industry there, but that's exactly what my brother works in! I'm looking forward to visiting to learn more. Do you know much about the industry?", "Of course. I wonder how directors are chosen?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hollywood __knowledge__ Hollywood ( ) is a neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California.", "Hollywood __knowledge__ This ethnically diverse, densely populated neighborhood is notable as the home of the U.S. film industry, including several of its historic studios, and its name has come to be a shorthand reference for the industry and the people in it.", "Hollywood __knowledge__ Hollywood was a small community in 1870 and was incorporated as a municipality in 1903.", "Hollywood __knowledge__ It was consolidated with the city of Los Angeles in 1910, and soon thereafter a prominent film industry emerged, eventually becoming the most recognizable film industry in the world.", "Hollywood __knowledge__ In 1853, one adobe hut stood in Nopalera (Nopal field), named for the Mexican Nopal cactus indigenous to the area.", "Hollywood __knowledge__ By 1870, an agricultural community flourished.", "Hollywood __knowledge__ The area was known as the Cahuenga Valley, after the pass in the Santa Monica Mountains immediately to the north.", "Hollywood __knowledge__ According to the diary of H. J. Whitley, known as the \"Father of Hollywood,\" on his honeymoon in 1886 he stood at the top of the hill looking out over the valley.", "Hollywood __knowledge__ Along came a Chinese man in a wagon carrying wood.", "Hollywood __knowledge__ The man got out of the wagon and bowed.", "Hollywood __knowledge__ The Chinese man was asked what he was doing and replied, \"I holly-wood,\" meaning 'hauling wood.'", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ Hi-5 are an Australian children's musical group formed in 1998, who are associated with the children's television series of the same name.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ As of December 2016, the members are Lachie Dearing, Courtney Clarke, Shay Clifford, Joe Kalou and Bailey Spalding.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The group is aimed at preschoolers, composed of five performers who entertain and educate children through music, movement and play.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ \"Hi-5\" was created by Helena Harris and Posie Graeme-Evans, initially a television series for the Nine Network, which premiered in 1999.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The cast of the show became a recognised musical group for children.", "Hi-5 (Australian band) __knowledge__ The original members were Kellie Crawford, Kathleen de Leon Jones, Nathan Foley, Tim Harding and Charli Robinson.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ The 2009–10 season is Sunderland's third consecutive season in the top division of English football, the Premier League.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Ricky Sbragia was replaced by Steve Bruce in the close season.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ His aim is to improve on the club's 16th position the previous season.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Darren Bent was the top scorer in the Premier League with 24 goals.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Andy Reid was the top scorer in the League Cup with two goals.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Fraizer Campbell was the top scorer in the FA Cup with two goals.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ Darren Bent was the top scorer in all competitions with 25 goals.", "2009–10 Sunderland A.F.C. season __knowledge__ At the end of the season, Darren Bent won both the club's official Player of the Season and the SAFC Supporters' Association awards.", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ In January 2004, Sony announced the Hi-MD media storage format as a further development of the MiniDisc format.", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ With its release in later 2004, came the ability to use newly developed, high-capacity 1 gigabyte Hi-MD discs, sporting the same dimensions as regular MiniDiscs.", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ The Hi-MD format can be considered obsolete as the last recorder/player was discontinued in 2011.", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ The discs themselves were withdrawn from sale in September 2012, though regular MiniDiscs are still available ().", "Hi-MD __knowledge__ Hi-MD offers the choice of several codecs for audio recording: PCM, Hi-SP and Hi-LP, each selectable on the Hi-MD Walkman itself.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ Hi-5 is an Australian children's television series, originally produced by Kids Like Us and later Southern Star for the Nine Network and created by Helena Harris and Posie Graeme-Evans.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ The program is known for its educational content, and for the cast of the program, who became a recognised musical group for children outside of the series, known collectively as Hi-5.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ It has generated discussion about what is considered appropriate television for children.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ The series premiered in April 1999 on the Nine Network.", "Hi-5 (Australian TV series) __knowledge__ The series is designed for a pre-school audience, featuring five performers who educate and entertain through music, movement and play.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ A hi-hat, also spelled hihat or high-hat, is a combination of two cymbals, a foot-operated pedal which moves a rod which in turn moves one of the cymbals, all mounted on a metal stand.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ Hihats are an essential part of the standard drum kit used by drummers in many popular music (e.g.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ every genre of rock music) and traditional music (e.g.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ blues) styles.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ It consists of a mating pair of small to medium-sized cymbals mounted on a stand, with the two cymbals facing each other.", "Hi-hat __knowledge__ The bottom cymbal is fixed and the top is mounted on a rod which moves the top cymbal towards the bottom one when a foot pedal is depressed (a hihat that is in this position is said to be \"closed\" or \"closed hihats\").", "Delco Hi-Q __knowledge__ Delco Hi-Q, formerly Kimberly-Clark Hi-Q, or just Hi-Q is an academic quiz competition in Delaware County, Pennsylvania.", "Delco Hi-Q __knowledge__ It was founded in 1948, and is now an intracounty competition of high school students in six different states: Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Washington, Ohio, Florida, and Alabama.", "Delco Hi-Q __knowledge__ Delco Hi-Q is the oldest continuous academic quiz competition in the United States.", "Delco Hi-Q __knowledge__ It was started as radio quiz program for high school students in Delaware County, Pennsylvania by the Scott Paper Company, which ran it as a community relations program.", "Delco Hi-Q __knowledge__ \"Hi\" represented \"High School\" and \"Q\" represented \"I.Q.\"", "The Fugitive: Plan B __knowledge__ The Fugitive: Plan B () is a 2010 South Korean action television series, starring Rain and Lee Na-young.", "The Fugitive: Plan B __knowledge__ It aired on KBS2 from September 29 to December 8, 2010 on Wednesdays and Thursdays at 21:55 for 20 episodes.", "The Fugitive: Plan B __knowledge__ The series was directed by Kwak Jung-hwan and written by Cheon Sung-il, the same team behind \"The Slave Hunters\".", "The Fugitive: Plan B __knowledge__ The rights to the series were sold to seven countries in Asia including Japan, Taiwan, the Philippines, Thailand, Hong Kong, China, Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia.", "The Fugitive: Plan B __knowledge__ Prior to the series' timeline, Ji-woo (Rain), a young, rich and cunning Korean private investigator handled the case of an Asian couple who died at a casino in Las Vegas." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hollywood __knowledge__ Hollywood ( ) is a neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California.", "Hollywood __knowledge__ This ethnically diverse, densely populated neighborhood is notable as the home of the U.S. film industry, including several of its historic studios, and its name has come to be a shorthand reference for the industry and the people in it.", "Hollywood __knowledge__ Hollywood was a small community in 1870 and was incorporated as a municipality in 1903.", "Hollywood __knowledge__ It was consolidated with the city of Los Angeles in 1910, and soon thereafter a prominent film industry emerged, eventually becoming the most recognizable film industry in the world.", "Hollywood __knowledge__ In 1853, one adobe hut stood in Nopalera (Nopal field), named for the Mexican Nopal cactus indigenous to the area.", "Hollywood __knowledge__ By 1870, an agricultural community flourished.", "Hollywood __knowledge__ The area was known as the Cahuenga Valley, after the pass in the Santa Monica Mountains immediately to the north.", "Hollywood __knowledge__ According to the diary of H. J. Whitley, known as the \"Father of Hollywood,\" on his honeymoon in 1886 he stood at the top of the hill looking out over the valley.", "Hollywood __knowledge__ Along came a Chinese man in a wagon carrying wood.", "Hollywood __knowledge__ The man got out of the wagon and bowed.", "Hollywood __knowledge__ The Chinese man was asked what he was doing and replied, \"I holly-wood,\" meaning 'hauling wood.'", "T–V distinction __knowledge__ In sociolinguistics, a T–V distinction (from the Latin pronouns tu\" and vos\") is a contrast, within one language, between various forms of addressing one's conversation partner or partners that are specialized for varying levels of politeness, social distance, courtesy, familiarity, age or insult toward the addressee.", "T–V distinction __knowledge__ Many languages lack this type of distinction, instead relying on more explicit wording to convey these meanings.", "T–V distinction __knowledge__ The morphosyntactic T–V distinction, though, is found in a variety of languages around the world.", "T–V distinction __knowledge__ Modern English technically has the T–V distinction, manifested in the pronouns \"thou\" and \"you\", though the familiar \"thou\" is no longer used in most contemporary dialects.", "Film industry __knowledge__ The film industry or motion picture industry comprises the technological and commercial institutions of filmmaking, i.e., film production companies, film studios, cinematography, animation, film production, screenwriting, pre-production, post production, film festivals, distribution; and actors, film directors, and other film crew personnel.", "Film industry __knowledge__ Though the expense involved in making films almost immediately led film production to concentrate under the auspices of standing production companies, advances in affordable film making equipment, and expansion of opportunities to acquire investment capital from outside the film industry itself, have allowed independent film production to evolve.", "Origin of speech __knowledge__ The origin of speech refers to the more general problem of the origin of language in the context of the physiological development of the human speech organs such as the tongue, lips and vocal organs used to produce phonological units in all human languages.", "Origin of speech __knowledge__ Although related to the more general problem of the origin of language, the evolution of distinctively human speech capacities has become a distinct and in many ways separate area of scientific research.", "Origin of speech __knowledge__ The topic is a separate one because language is not necessarily spoken: it can equally be written or signed.", "Origin of speech __knowledge__ Speech is in this sense optional, although it is the default modality for language.", "Joke __knowledge__ A joke is a display of humour in which words are used within a specific and well-defined narrative structure to make people laugh and is not meant to be taken seriously.", "Joke __knowledge__ It takes the form of a story, usually with dialogue, and ends in a punch line.", "Joke __knowledge__ It is in the punch line that the audience becomes aware that the story contains a second, conflicting meaning.", "Joke __knowledge__ This can be done using a pun or other word play such as irony, a logical incompatibility, nonsense, or other means.", "Joke __knowledge__ Linguist Robert Hetzron offers the definition: It is generally held that jokes benefit from brevity, containing no more detail than is needed to set the scene for the punchline at the end.", "Droughts in California __knowledge__ Throughout history, California has experienced many droughts, such as 1841, 1864, 1924, 1928-1935, 1947-1950, 1959-1960, 1976-1977, 2006-2010, and 2012-2017.", "Droughts in California __knowledge__ As the most populous state in the United States and a major agricultural producer, drought in California can have a severe economic as well as environmental impact.", "Droughts in California __knowledge__ Drought may be due solely to, or found in combination with, weather conditions; economic or political actions; or population and farming.", "Droughts in California __knowledge__ Water in California is very closely managed, with an extensive pipeline network to serve the most populated and dry areas of the state.", "Droughts in California __knowledge__ Precipitation is limited, with the vast majority of rain and snowfall occurring in the winter months, in the northern part of the state.", "Your Face Sounds Familiar (Philippine TV series) __knowledge__ Your Face Sounds Familiar is a singing and impersonation competition for celebrities and is based on the Spanish version of the same name.", "Your Face Sounds Familiar (Philippine TV series) __knowledge__ It debuted on March 14, 2015 on ABS-CBN.", "Your Face Sounds Familiar (Philippine TV series) __knowledge__ It is hosted by Billy Crawford and for the second season, also co-hosted by Melai Cantiveros.", "Your Face Sounds Familiar (Philippine TV series) __knowledge__ Jed Madela, Gary Valenciano and Sharon Cuneta served as the show's judges for the first two seasons.", "Your Face Sounds Familiar (Philippine TV series) __knowledge__ In Your Face Sounds Familiar Kids, Ogie Alcasid replaces Madela, while Valenciano and Cuneta will reprise their roles as judges.", "Your Face Sounds Familiar (Philippine TV series) __knowledge__ The Kids season premiered on January 7, 2017.", "Your Face Sounds Familiar (Philippine TV series) __knowledge__ The Philippine version was first announced by ABS-CBN on its trade show for advertisers in Rockwell Tent, Makati City.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "Super Hot __knowledge__ Super Hot () is the fourth and final Mandarin studio album by the Taiwanese Mandopop boy band Fahrenheit ().", "Super Hot __knowledge__ It was released on 17 September 2010 by HIM International Music.", "Super Hot __knowledge__ It is the last album to feature the member Wu Chun, who left the group in June 2011.", "Super Hot __knowledge__ The tracks \"太熱\" (Super Hot) is listed at #15 and \"心疼你的心疼\" (Heartache on Your Heartache) at #71 on Hit Fm Taiwan's \"Hit Fm Annual Top 100 Singles Chart\" (Hit-Fm年度百首單曲) for 2010.", "Super Hot __knowledge__ The \"心疼你的心疼\" (Heartache on Your Heartache) won one of the \"Top 20 Songs of the Year\" at the 1st Global Chinese Golden Chart Awards jointly presented by radio station Hit Fm Taiwan.", "Fahrenheit (Taiwanese band) __knowledge__ Fahrenheit () was a Taiwanese boy band formed in 2005, initially consisting of Jiro Wang, Calvin Chen, Wu Chun, and Aaron Yan.", "Fahrenheit (Taiwanese band) __knowledge__ They were managed by Comic International Productions ().", "Fahrenheit (Taiwanese band) __knowledge__ The group's music was distributed by HIM International Music in Taiwan, by WOW Music in Hong Kong and by Pony Canyon in Japan.", "Fahrenheit (Taiwanese band) __knowledge__ Fahrenheit were often associated with their seniors, S.H.E, who are also under HIM International Music.", "Fahrenheit (Taiwanese band) __knowledge__ HIM announced in an official statement on 22 June 2011 that Wu Chun had left the group and it will continue as a trio.", "Fahrenheit (Taiwanese band) __knowledge__ Even so, Chun has stated on his official blog that he still considers Fahrenheit an important part of his life and only decided to leave so that he will have more time with his family, and that he will try his best to be able to work with Fahrenheit's other three members in the future.", "Nissan Sunny __knowledge__ The Nissan Sunny is a midsize sedan car built by the Japanese automaker Nissan from 1966 to 2006.", "Nissan Sunny __knowledge__ In the early 1980s, the brand changed from Datsun to Nissan in line with other models by the company.", "Nissan Sunny __knowledge__ Although production of the Sunny in Japan ended in 2006, the name remains in use in the Chinese market for a rebadged version of the Nissan Latio.", "Nissan Sunny __knowledge__ In North America, the later models were known as the Nissan Sentra; in Mexico, the Sunny is known as the Nissan Tsuru, which is Japanese for the bird species \"crane\".", "Nissan Sunny __knowledge__ The latest versions of the Sunny were larger than the early models, and may be considered compact cars.", "NOAA Weather Radio __knowledge__ NOAA Weather Radio (NWR; also known as NOAA Weather Radio All Hazards) is an automated 24-hour network of radio stations in the United States that broadcast advert-free weather information directly from a nearby National Weather Service office.", "NOAA Weather Radio __knowledge__ A complete broadcast cycle lasts about 3 to 8 minutes long, featuring weather forecasts and local observations, but interrupted when severe weather advisories/warnings/watches are issued.", "NOAA Weather Radio __knowledge__ It occasionally broadcasts other non-weather related events such as national security statements, natural disaster information, environmental and public safety statements (such as an AMBER Alert) sourced from the Federal Communications Commission's (FCC) Emergency Alert System.", "Produce 101 Season 2 __knowledge__ Produce 101 Season 2 () is a 2017 boy group survival reality show on Mnet.", "Produce 101 Season 2 __knowledge__ It is a large-scale project in which the public (called 'national producers') \"produces\" a boy band by choosing 11 members among 101 trainees from 51 entertainment companies.", "Produce 101 Season 2 __knowledge__ The public also chooses the group's concept, debut song, and group name.", "Produce 101 Season 2 __knowledge__ In the season finale on June 16, 2017 which was broadcast live, the show announced the final 11 members who would debut as well as the official group name Wanna One.", "Produce 101 Season 2 __knowledge__ \"Produce 101 Season 2\" brings together 101 trainees from different entertainment companies in South Korea, and 11 trainees are selected through audience voting to form a boy band.", "List of Superstore characters __knowledge__ \"Superstore\" is an American comedy television series created by Justin Spitzer, which premiered on NBC on November 30, 2015.", "List of Superstore characters __knowledge__ The series stars America Ferrera, Ben Feldman, Lauren Ash, Colton Dunn, Nico Santos, Nichole Bloom and Mark McKinney as a group of employees working at a fictional big-box store called \"Cloud 9\" set in St. Louis, Missouri.", "List of Superstore characters __knowledge__ Portrayed by America Ferrera, Amelia \"Amy\" Dubanowski (née Sosa), originally from Honduras, is a Cloud 9 employee of eleven years who worked as an associate, then floor supervisor, then is promoted to assistant manager, and very briefly store manager before going on strike in the season one finale.", "Sunny Lee __knowledge__ Sunny Lee is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Hany Lee.", "Sunny Lee __knowledge__ She made her first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 8 April 2009.", "Sunny Lee __knowledge__ Sunny was created by executive producer Susan Bower in response to criticism that \"Neighbours\" was \"too white\".", "Sunny Lee __knowledge__ Lee came to the attention of \"Neighbours\" producers after she entered a competition run by \"Dolly Magazine\" to win a three-month contract with the show.", "Sunny Lee __knowledge__ Despite not winning, she was cast as Sunny soon afterwards.", "Sunny Lee __knowledge__ In August 2009, it was announced that Lee and Sunny would be departing \"Neighbours\" and Sunny made her final appearance on 19 November 2009." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hollywood __knowledge__ Hollywood ( ) is a neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California.", "Hollywood __knowledge__ This ethnically diverse, densely populated neighborhood is notable as the home of the U.S. film industry, including several of its historic studios, and its name has come to be a shorthand reference for the industry and the people in it.", "Hollywood __knowledge__ Hollywood was a small community in 1870 and was incorporated as a municipality in 1903.", "Hollywood __knowledge__ It was consolidated with the city of Los Angeles in 1910, and soon thereafter a prominent film industry emerged, eventually becoming the most recognizable film industry in the world.", "Hollywood __knowledge__ In 1853, one adobe hut stood in Nopalera (Nopal field), named for the Mexican Nopal cactus indigenous to the area.", "Hollywood __knowledge__ By 1870, an agricultural community flourished.", "Hollywood __knowledge__ The area was known as the Cahuenga Valley, after the pass in the Santa Monica Mountains immediately to the north.", "Hollywood __knowledge__ According to the diary of H. J. Whitley, known as the \"Father of Hollywood,\" on his honeymoon in 1886 he stood at the top of the hill looking out over the valley.", "Hollywood __knowledge__ Along came a Chinese man in a wagon carrying wood.", "Hollywood __knowledge__ The man got out of the wagon and bowed.", "Hollywood __knowledge__ The Chinese man was asked what he was doing and replied, \"I holly-wood,\" meaning 'hauling wood.'", "Linda Ronstadt __knowledge__ Linda Maria Ronstadt (born July 15, 1946) is an American popular music singer known for singing in a wide range of genres including rock, country, jazz, light opera, and Latin.", "Linda Ronstadt __knowledge__ She has earned 11 Grammy Awards, three American Music Awards, two Academy of Country Music awards, an Emmy Award, and an ALMA Award, and many of her albums have been certified gold, platinum or multiplatinum in the United States and internationally.", "Linda Ronstadt __knowledge__ She has also earned nominations for a Tony Award and a Golden Globe award.", "Linda Ronstadt __knowledge__ She was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April 2014.", "Linda Ronstadt __knowledge__ On July 28, 2014, she was awarded the National Medal of Arts and Humanities.", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ \"1+1\" is a song recorded by American recording artist Beyoncé for her fourth studio album, \"4\" (2011).", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ It was released by Columbia Records in the United States on May 25, 2011, as a promotional single.", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ Serving as the opening track on \"4\", it was written and produced by The-Dream, Tricky Stewart .", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ \"1+1\" was originally titled \"Nothing But Love\" and by Corey-Jackson Carter & The-Dream & he had initially planned to include it on his second studio album, \"Love vs. Money\" (2009).", "1+1 (song) __knowledge__ A down-tempo contemporary R&B and soul music power ballad, \"1+1\" Beyoncé expressing her endless love to her soul mate; the lyrics make strong statements about the power of the relationship.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Jane Austen in popular culture __knowledge__ The author Jane Austen, as well as her works, have been represented in popular culture in a variety of forms.", "Jane Austen in popular culture __knowledge__ Jane Austen (16 December 1775 – 18 July 1817) was an English novelist whose social commentary and masterly use of both free indirect speech and irony eventually made her one of the most influential and honoured novelists in English literature.", "Jane Austen in popular culture __knowledge__ In popular culture, Austen's novels and her personal life have been adapted into book illustration (starting in 1833), dramatizations (starting in 1895), Hollywood film (starting in 1940), television (starting in 1938), and professional theatre (starting in 1901), with adaptations varying greatly in their faithfulness to the original.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "History of film __knowledge__ Although the start of the history of film is not clearly defined, the commercial, public screening of ten of Lumière brothers' short films in Paris on 28 December 1895 can be regarded as the breakthrough of projected cinematographic motion pictures.", "History of film __knowledge__ There had been earlier cinematographic results and screenings but these lacked either the quality or the momentum that propelled the cinématographe Lumière into a worldwide success.", "History of film __knowledge__ Soon film production companies were established all over the world.", "History of film __knowledge__ The first decade of motion picture saw film moving from a novelty to an established mass entertainment industry.", "Film industry __knowledge__ The film industry or motion picture industry comprises the technological and commercial institutions of filmmaking, i.e., film production companies, film studios, cinematography, animation, film production, screenwriting, pre-production, post production, film festivals, distribution; and actors, film directors, and other film crew personnel.", "Film industry __knowledge__ Though the expense involved in making films almost immediately led film production to concentrate under the auspices of standing production companies, advances in affordable film making equipment, and expansion of opportunities to acquire investment capital from outside the film industry itself, have allowed independent film production to evolve.", "Bollywood __knowledge__ Bollywood, formally known as Hindi cinema, is the Indian Hindi language film industry, based in the city of Mumbai (formerly Bombay), Maharashtra, India.", "Bollywood __knowledge__ Bollywood is part of the larger cinema of India (also known as Indywood), which includes other production centers producing films in other Indian languages.", "Bollywood __knowledge__ Linguistically, Bollywood films tend to use a colloquial dialect of Hindi-Urdu, or Hindustani, mutually intelligible to both Hindi and Urdu speakers, while modern Bollywood films also increasingly incorporate elements of Hinglish.", "Bollywood __knowledge__ Indian cinema is the world's largest film industry in terms of film production, with an annual output of 1,986 feature films as of 2017, and Bollywood is its largest film producer, with 364 Hindi films produced annually as of 2017.", "Cinema of India __knowledge__ The Cinema of India consists of films produced in the nation of India.", "Cinema of India __knowledge__ Cinema is immensely popular there, with as many as 1,600 films produced in various languages every year.", "Cinema of India __knowledge__ Indian cinema produces more films watched by more people than any other country; in 2011, over 3.5 billion tickets were sold across the globe, 900,000 more than Hollywood.", "Cinema of India __knowledge__ As of 2013 India ranked first in terms of annual film output, followed by Nollywood, Hollywood and China.", "Cinema of India __knowledge__ In 2012, India produced 1,602 feature films.", "Cinema of India __knowledge__ The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $1.86 billion (93 billion) in 2011.", "Cinema of India __knowledge__ In 2015, India had a total box office gross of , one of the largest in the world.", "Sound film __knowledge__ A sound film is a motion picture with synchronized sound, or sound technologically coupled to image, as opposed to a silent film.", "Sound film __knowledge__ The first known public exhibition of projected sound films took place in Paris in 1900, but decades passed before sound motion pictures were made commercially practical.", "Sound film __knowledge__ Reliable synchronization was difficult to achieve with the early sound-on-disc systems, and amplification and recording quality were also inadequate.", "Sound film __knowledge__ Innovations in sound-on-film led to the first commercial screening of short motion pictures using the technology, which took place in 1923.", "Sound film __knowledge__ The primary steps in the commercialization of sound cinema were taken in the mid- to late 1920s.", "Cinema of the United States __knowledge__ The cinema of the United States, often metonymously referred to as Hollywood, has had a profound effect on cinema across the world since the early 20th century.", "Cinema of the United States __knowledge__ The dominant style of American cinema is Classical Hollywood Cinema, which developed from 1917–1960 and characterizes most films to this day.", "Cinema of the United States __knowledge__ While Auguste and Louis Lumière are generally credited with the birth of modern cinema, it is American cinema that soon became the most dominant force in an emerging industry.", "Cinema of the United States __knowledge__ Since the 1920s, the American film industry has grossed more money every year than that of any other country..", "Cinema of the United States __knowledge__ It also produces the largest number of films of any single language (English) with more than 800 movies released out every year.", "Cinema of Hong Kong __knowledge__ The cinema of Hong Kong () is one of the three major threads in the history of Chinese language cinema, alongside the cinema of China, and the cinema of Taiwan.", "Cinema of Hong Kong __knowledge__ As a former British colony, Hong Kong had a greater degree of political and economic freedom than mainland China and Taiwan, and developed into a filmmaking hub for the Chinese-speaking world (including its worldwide diaspora), and for East Asia in general.", "Cinema of Hong Kong __knowledge__ For decades, Hong Kong was the third largest motion picture industry in the world (after Indian cinema and Hollywood) and the second largest exporter.", "Cinema of Hong Kong __knowledge__ Despite an industry crisis starting in the mid-1990s and Hong Kong's return to Chinese sovereignty in July 1997, Hong Kong film has retained much of its distinctive identity and continues to play a prominent part on the world cinema stage." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hollywood __knowledge__ Hollywood ( ) is a neighborhood in the central region of Los Angeles, California.", "Hollywood __knowledge__ This ethnically diverse, densely populated neighborhood is notable as the home of the U.S. film industry, including several of its historic studios, and its name has come to be a shorthand reference for the industry and the people in it.", "Hollywood __knowledge__ Hollywood was a small community in 1870 and was incorporated as a municipality in 1903.", "Hollywood __knowledge__ It was consolidated with the city of Los Angeles in 1910, and soon thereafter a prominent film industry emerged, eventually becoming the most recognizable film industry in the world.", "Hollywood __knowledge__ In 1853, one adobe hut stood in Nopalera (Nopal field), named for the Mexican Nopal cactus indigenous to the area.", "Hollywood __knowledge__ By 1870, an agricultural community flourished.", "Hollywood __knowledge__ The area was known as the Cahuenga Valley, after the pass in the Santa Monica Mountains immediately to the north.", "Hollywood __knowledge__ According to the diary of H. J. Whitley, known as the \"Father of Hollywood,\" on his honeymoon in 1886 he stood at the top of the hill looking out over the valley.", "Hollywood __knowledge__ Along came a Chinese man in a wagon carrying wood.", "Hollywood __knowledge__ The man got out of the wagon and bowed.", "Hollywood __knowledge__ The Chinese man was asked what he was doing and replied, \"I holly-wood,\" meaning 'hauling wood.'", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Wonder Woman is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is a founding member of the Justice League, goddess, and Ambassador-at-Large of the Amazon people.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character first appeared in \"All Star Comics\" #8 in October 1941 and first cover-dated on \"Sensation Comics\" #1, January 1942.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ In her homeland, the island nation of Themyscira, her official title is Princess Diana of Themyscira, Daughter of Hippolyta.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ When blending into the society outside of her homeland, she adopts her civilian identity Diana Prince.", "Wonder Woman __knowledge__ The character is also referred to by such epithets as the \"Amazing Amazon\", the \"Spirit of Truth\", \"Themyscira's Champion\", the \"God-killer\", and the \"Goddess of Love and War\".", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ Wonder Woman is a 2017 American superhero film based on the DC Comics character of the same name, distributed by Warner Bros. Pictures.", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ It is the fourth installment in the DC Extended Universe (DCEU).", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ The film is directed by Patty Jenkins, with a screenplay by Allan Heinberg, from a story by Heinberg, Zack Snyder, and Jason Fuchs, and stars Gal Gadot as Diana Prince / Wonder Woman, alongside Chris Pine, Robin Wright, Danny Huston, David Thewlis, Connie Nielsen, and Elena Anaya.", "Wonder Woman (2017 film) __knowledge__ \"Wonder Woman\" is the second live action theatrical film featuring the titular character, following her debut in 2016's \"\".", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ This article is about the history of the fictional DC Comics' character Wonder Woman, who was introduced in \"All Star Comics\" #8 (December 1941), then appearing in \"Sensation Comics\" #1 (January 1942), Six months later appeared in her own comic book series (Summer 1942).", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Since her debut, five regular series of \"Wonder Woman\" have been published, the last launched in June 2016 as part of the DC Rebirth.", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Wonder Woman was introduced in \"All Star Comics\" #8 (December 1941), during the era known to comics historians as the \"Golden Age of Comic Books\".", "Publication history of Wonder Woman __knowledge__ Following this debut, she was featured in \"Sensation Comics\" #1 (January 1942), and six months later appeared in her own comic book series (Summer 1942).", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ Stevland Hardaway Morris (born Stevland Hardaway Judkins; May 13, 1950), known by his stage name Stevie Wonder, is an American musician, singer, songwriter, record producer, and multi-instrumentalist.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ A child prodigy, he is considered to be one of the most critically and commercially successful musical performers of the late 20th century.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ Wonder signed with Motown's Tamla label at the age of 11, and he continued performing and recording for Motown into the 2010s.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ He has been blind since shortly after birth.", "Stevie Wonder __knowledge__ Among Wonder's works are singles such as \"Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours\", \"Superstition\", \"Sir Duke\", \"You Are the Sunshine of My Life\" and \"I Just Called to Say I Love You\"; and albums such as \"Talking Book\", \"Innervisions\" and \"Songs in the Key of Life\".", "Wonder Man __knowledge__ Wonder Man (Simon Williams) is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Wonder Man __knowledge__ Created by writer Stan Lee and artists Don Heck and Jack Kirby, he first appeared in \"The Avengers\" #9 (October 1964).", "Wonder Man __knowledge__ The character was initially introduced as a rival to Tony Stark and after being imbued with \"ionic\" energy, became a supervillain who fought the Avengers.", "Wonder Man __knowledge__ After a series of events, Simon Williams was reborn as a superhero joining the team he originally fought against.", "Wonder Man __knowledge__ In 2012, Wonder Man was ranked 38th in IGN's list of \"The Top 50 Avengers\".", "Wonder Man __knowledge__ Wonder Man debuted in the superhero-team title \"The Avengers\" #9 (cover-dated Oct. 1964), but appeared to die in that issue.", "Cheetah (comics) __knowledge__ The Cheetah is a fictional character, created by William Moulton Marston, and appearing in DC Comics publications and related media, commonly as a major adversary of the superhero Wonder Woman.", "Cheetah (comics) __knowledge__ Like many of the other villains created by William Moulton Marston, Cheetah was created as another allegory for emotionally misaligned people who needed emotional re-education by a love leader (Wonder Woman).", "Cheetah (comics) __knowledge__ There have been four different incarnations of the Cheetah since the character's debut: Priscilla Rich (the Golden and Silver Age Cheetah), Deborah Domaine (the Bronze Age Cheetah), Barbara Ann Minerva (the post-Crisis and current Cheetah), and Sebastian Ballesteros (a male usurper who briefly assumed the role in 2001).", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ The following is a list of episodes from the American animated children's television series, \"Wonder Pets!\".", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ It debuted on March 3, 2006, on the Nick Jr. block of the Nickelodeon cable television network and Noggin (now Nick Jr.) on December 27, 2006.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ 1.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ Save the Dolphin!/Save the Chimp!", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ (Air Date 9/18/06) The Wonder Pets travel to Hawaii to save a baby dolphin caught in a fishing net who is in danger of drowning.", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ The Wonder Pets rig their Flyboat for space travel and head for the stars to rescue a baby chimp whose spaceship is about to be hit by a meteor!", "List of Wonder Pets! episodes __knowledge__ (Fact: Christine Ka'aloa plays the mother dolphin in this first episode.)", "Bollywood __knowledge__ Bollywood, formally known as Hindi cinema, is the Indian Hindi language film industry, based in the city of Mumbai (formerly Bombay), Maharashtra, India.", "Bollywood __knowledge__ Bollywood is part of the larger cinema of India (also known as Indywood), which includes other production centers producing films in other Indian languages.", "Bollywood __knowledge__ Linguistically, Bollywood films tend to use a colloquial dialect of Hindi-Urdu, or Hindustani, mutually intelligible to both Hindi and Urdu speakers, while modern Bollywood films also increasingly incorporate elements of Hinglish.", "Bollywood __knowledge__ Indian cinema is the world's largest film industry in terms of film production, with an annual output of 1,986 feature films as of 2017, and Bollywood is its largest film producer, with 364 Hindi films produced annually as of 2017.", "Film industry __knowledge__ The film industry or motion picture industry comprises the technological and commercial institutions of filmmaking, i.e., film production companies, film studios, cinematography, animation, film production, screenwriting, pre-production, post production, film festivals, distribution; and actors, film directors, and other film crew personnel.", "Film industry __knowledge__ Though the expense involved in making films almost immediately led film production to concentrate under the auspices of standing production companies, advances in affordable film making equipment, and expansion of opportunities to acquire investment capital from outside the film industry itself, have allowed independent film production to evolve.", "Cinema of the United States __knowledge__ The cinema of the United States, often metonymously referred to as Hollywood, has had a profound effect on cinema across the world since the early 20th century.", "Cinema of the United States __knowledge__ The dominant style of American cinema is Classical Hollywood Cinema, which developed from 1917–1960 and characterizes most films to this day.", "Cinema of the United States __knowledge__ While Auguste and Louis Lumière are generally credited with the birth of modern cinema, it is American cinema that soon became the most dominant force in an emerging industry.", "Cinema of the United States __knowledge__ Since the 1920s, the American film industry has grossed more money every year than that of any other country..", "Cinema of the United States __knowledge__ It also produces the largest number of films of any single language (English) with more than 800 movies released out every year.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness.", "History of film __knowledge__ Although the start of the history of film is not clearly defined, the commercial, public screening of ten of Lumière brothers' short films in Paris on 28 December 1895 can be regarded as the breakthrough of projected cinematographic motion pictures.", "History of film __knowledge__ There had been earlier cinematographic results and screenings but these lacked either the quality or the momentum that propelled the cinématographe Lumière into a worldwide success.", "History of film __knowledge__ Soon film production companies were established all over the world.", "History of film __knowledge__ The first decade of motion picture saw film moving from a novelty to an established mass entertainment industry.", "Dubbing (filmmaking) __knowledge__ Dubbing, mixing or re-recording is a post-production process used in filmmaking and video production in which additional or supplementary recordings are \"mixed\" with original production sound to create the finished soundtrack.", "Dubbing (filmmaking) __knowledge__ The process usually takes place on a dub stage.", "Dubbing (filmmaking) __knowledge__ After sound editors edit and prepare all the necessary tracks – dialogue, automated dialogue replacement (ADR), effects, Foley, music – the dubbing mixers proceed to balance all of the elements and record the finished soundtrack.", "Dubbing (filmmaking) __knowledge__ Dubbing is sometimes confused with ADR, also known as \"additional dialogue replacement\", \"automated dialogue recording\", and \"looping\", in which the original actors re-record and synchronize audio segments.", "Screenwriting __knowledge__ Screenwriting, also called scriptwriting, is the art and craft of writing scripts for mass media such as feature films, television productions or video games.", "Screenwriting __knowledge__ It is frequently a freelance profession.", "Screenwriting __knowledge__ Screenwriters are responsible for researching the story, developing the narrative, writing the screenplay and delivering it, in the required format, to development executives.", "Screenwriting __knowledge__ Screenwriters therefore have great influence over the creative direction and emotional impact of the screenplay and, arguably, of the finished film.", "Screenwriting __knowledge__ Screenwriters either pitch original ideas to producers, in the hope that they will be optioned or sold; or are commissioned by a producer to create a screenplay from a concept, true story, existing screen work or literary work, such as a novel, poem, play, comic book or short story." ] ]

[ 0, 2, 45, 0 ]

[ "Super hot and sunny. How about the weather where you are?", "That's awesome! Hollywood is so beautiful and highly populated. I love how so many film industries are there!", "Well, the film industries are based on screenwriting and directing movies whilst casting actors and actresses.", "I think they are chosen based on what type of movies they have directed in their years in the industries." ]

[ "Hollywood", "Hollywood", "Hollywood", "Hollywood" ]

[ "Golf", "i have swung a club here and there but never on a golf course", "in what city?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Golf __knowledge__ Golf is a club and ball sport in which players use various clubs to hit balls into a series of holes on a course in as few strokes as possible.", "Golf __knowledge__ Golf, unlike most ball games, cannot and does not utilize a standardized playing area, and coping with the varied terrains encountered on different courses is a key part of the game.", "Golf __knowledge__ The game at the highest level is played on a course with an arranged progression of 18 holes, though recreational courses can be smaller, usually 9 holes.", "Golf __knowledge__ Each hole on the course must contain a tee box to start from, and a putting green containing the actual hole or cup (4.25 inches in diameter).", "Golf __knowledge__ There are other standard forms of terrain in between, such as the fairway, rough (long grass), sand traps (or \"bunkers\"), and various hazards (water, rocks, fescue) but each hole on a course is unique in its specific layout and arrangement.", "Golf __knowledge__ Golf is played for the lowest number of strokes by an individual, known as stroke play, or the lowest score on the most individual holes in a complete round by an individual or team, known as match play.", "Golf __knowledge__ Stroke play is the most commonly seen format at all levels, but most especially at the elite level.", "Golf __knowledge__ The modern game of golf originated in 15th century Scotland." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Golf __knowledge__ Golf is a club and ball sport in which players use various clubs to hit balls into a series of holes on a course in as few strokes as possible.", "Golf __knowledge__ Golf, unlike most ball games, cannot and does not utilize a standardized playing area, and coping with the varied terrains encountered on different courses is a key part of the game.", "Golf __knowledge__ The game at the highest level is played on a course with an arranged progression of 18 holes, though recreational courses can be smaller, usually 9 holes.", "Golf __knowledge__ Each hole on the course must contain a tee box to start from, and a putting green containing the actual hole or cup (4.25 inches in diameter).", "Golf __knowledge__ There are other standard forms of terrain in between, such as the fairway, rough (long grass), sand traps (or \"bunkers\"), and various hazards (water, rocks, fescue) but each hole on a course is unique in its specific layout and arrangement.", "Golf __knowledge__ Golf is played for the lowest number of strokes by an individual, known as stroke play, or the lowest score on the most individual holes in a complete round by an individual or team, known as match play.", "Golf __knowledge__ Stroke play is the most commonly seen format at all levels, but most especially at the elite level.", "Golf __knowledge__ The modern game of golf originated in 15th century Scotland.", "Langston Golf Course __knowledge__ Langston Golf Course is an 18-hole golf course in Washington, D.C., established in 1939.", "Langston Golf Course __knowledge__ It was named for John Mercer Langston, an African American who was the first dean of the Howard University School of Law, the first president of Virginia Normal and Collegiate Institute (now Virginia State University), and the first African American elected to the United States Congress from Virginia.", "Langston Golf Course __knowledge__ It was the second racially desegregated golf course in the District of Columbia, and in 1991 its first nine holes were added to the National Register of Historic Places.", "Langston Golf Course __knowledge__ The course's official address is 2600 Benning Road NE.", "Timeline of golf history (1851–1945) __knowledge__ 1851 The Prestwick Golf Club is founded.", "Timeline of golf history (1851–1945) __knowledge__ 1856 Pau Golf Club is founded, the first on the Continent.", "Timeline of golf history (1851–1945) __knowledge__ A rule change is enacted that, in match play, the ball must be played as it lies or the hole be conceded.", "Timeline of golf history (1851–1945) __knowledge__ It is the last recorded toughening of the rules structure.", "Timeline of golf history (1851–1945) __knowledge__ 1857 \"The Golfer's Manual\", by \"A Keen Hand\" (H. B. Farnie), is published.", "Timeline of golf history (1851–1945) __knowledge__ It is the first book on golf instruction.", "Timeline of golf history (1851–1945) __knowledge__ The Prestwick Club institutes the first Championship Meeting, a foursomes competition at St. Andrews attended by eleven golf clubs.", "Timeline of golf history (1851–1945) __knowledge__ George Glennie and J.C. Stewart win for Blackheath.", "Timeline of golf history (1851–1945) __knowledge__ 1858 The Royal Curragh Golf Club is founded at Kildare, the oldest golf club in Ireland.", "Jack Nicklaus __knowledge__ Jack William Nicklaus (born January 21, 1940), nicknamed The Golden Bear, is a retired American professional golfer.", "Jack Nicklaus __knowledge__ He is widely regarded as the greatest golfer of all time, winning a record 18 career major championships, while producing 19 second-place and 9 third-place finishes, over a span of 25 years.", "Jack Nicklaus __knowledge__ Nicklaus focused on the major championships—Masters Tournament, U.S. Open, Open Championship and PGA Championship—and played a selective schedule of regular PGA Tour events, yet still finished with 73 victories, third on the all-time list behind Sam Snead (82) and Woods (79).", "Jack Nicklaus __knowledge__ Nicklaus won the U.S.", "Golf course __knowledge__ A golf course is the grounds where the game of golf is played.", "Golf course __knowledge__ It comprises a series of holes, each consisting of a teeing ground, a fairway, the rough and other hazards, and a green with a flagstick (\"pin\") and hole (\"cup\").", "Golf course __knowledge__ A standard round of golf consists of 18 holes.", "Golf course __knowledge__ Most courses contain 18 holes; some share fairways or greens, and a subset has nine holes, played twice per round.", "Golf course __knowledge__ Par-3 courses consist of nine or 18 holes all of which have a par of three strokes.", "Golf course __knowledge__ Many older courses are links, often coastal.", "Golf course __knowledge__ Courses are private, public, and municipally owned, and typically feature a pro shop.", "Brackenridge Park Golf Course __knowledge__ Brackenridge Park Golf Course is a historic golf course in San Antonio, Texas and the oldest 18-hole public golf course in Texas.", "Brackenridge Park Golf Course __knowledge__ It opened for play in 1916 and was the first inductee into the Texas Golf Hall of Fame.", "Brackenridge Park Golf Course __knowledge__ Brackenridge Park was the original site of the Texas Open which held the tournament for most years between 1922-1959.", "Brackenridge Park Golf Course __knowledge__ Located in historic Brackenridge Park, the course is one of six municipal golf courses managed by the non-profit management group, the Alamo City Golf Trail.", "Brackenridge Park Golf Course __knowledge__ The Alamo City Golf Trail consists of Brackenridge Park Golf Course, Cedar Creek Golf Course, Mission del Lago Golf Course, Olmos Basin Golf Course, Riverside Golf Course, San Pedro Driving Range and Par 3, and Willow Springs Golf Course.", "Van Cortlandt Park __knowledge__ Van Cortlandt Park is a park located in the borough of the Bronx in New York City.", "Van Cortlandt Park __knowledge__ Owned by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation, it is managed with assistance from the Van Cortlandt Park Conservancy and the Friends of Van Cortlandt Park.", "Van Cortlandt Park __knowledge__ The park, the city's third-largest, was named for the Van Cortlandt family, which was prominent in the area during the Dutch and English colonial periods.", "Van Cortlandt Park __knowledge__ Van Cortlandt Park's sports facilities include two golf courses and several miles of paths for running, as well as smaller facilities for swimming, baseball, soccer, tennis, horseback riding, cross-country running, and cricket.", "David Campese __knowledge__ David Ian Campese, AM (born 21 October 1962), also known as Campo, is a former Australian rugby union player.", "David Campese __knowledge__ Campese was capped by the Wallabies 101 times, and held the world record for the most tries in test matches (64) until Daisuke Ohata scored his 65th try playing for Japan on 14 May 2006.", "David Campese __knowledge__ Campese made his debut for the Wallabies on the 1982 Australia rugby union tour of New Zealand, during which he scored a try in his first two Tests.", "David Campese __knowledge__ In 1983, he equaled the then record for most tries in a Test match for Australia against the USA, scoring four tries.", "David Campese __knowledge__ He was a member of the Eighth Wallabies for the 1984 Australia rugby union tour of Britain and Ireland that won rugby union's \"grand slam\", the first Australian side to defeat all four home nations, England, Ireland, Wales and Scotland, on a tour.", "History of golf __knowledge__ The origins of golf are unclear and much debated.", "History of golf __knowledge__ However, it is generally accepted that modern golf developed in Scotland from the Middle Ages onwards.", "History of golf __knowledge__ The game did not find international popularity until the late 19th century, when it spread into the rest of the United Kingdom and then to the British Empire and the United States.", "History of golf __knowledge__ A golf-like game is, apocryphally, recorded as taking place on 26 February 1297, in Loenen aan de Vecht, where the Dutch played a game with a stick and leather ball.", "History of golf __knowledge__ The winner was whoever hit the ball with the least number of strokes into a target several hundred yards away.", "Ben Hogan __knowledge__ William Ben Hogan (August 13, 1912 – July 25, 1997) was an American professional golfer, generally considered one of the greatest players in the history of the game.", "Ben Hogan __knowledge__ Born within six months of two other acknowledged golf greats of the 20th century, Sam Snead and Byron Nelson, Hogan is notable for his profound influence on golf swing theory and his legendary ball-striking ability.", "Ben Hogan __knowledge__ His nine career professional major championships tie him with Gary Player for fourth all-time, trailing only Jack Nicklaus (18), Tiger Woods (14) and Walter Hagen (11).", "Ben Hogan __knowledge__ He is one of only five golfers to have won all four major championships currently open to professionals (the Masters Tournament, The Open (despite only playing once), the U.S. Open, and the PGA Championship)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Golf __knowledge__ Golf is a club and ball sport in which players use various clubs to hit balls into a series of holes on a course in as few strokes as possible.", "Golf __knowledge__ Golf, unlike most ball games, cannot and does not utilize a standardized playing area, and coping with the varied terrains encountered on different courses is a key part of the game.", "Golf __knowledge__ The game at the highest level is played on a course with an arranged progression of 18 holes, though recreational courses can be smaller, usually 9 holes.", "Golf __knowledge__ Each hole on the course must contain a tee box to start from, and a putting green containing the actual hole or cup (4.25 inches in diameter).", "Golf __knowledge__ There are other standard forms of terrain in between, such as the fairway, rough (long grass), sand traps (or \"bunkers\"), and various hazards (water, rocks, fescue) but each hole on a course is unique in its specific layout and arrangement.", "Golf __knowledge__ Golf is played for the lowest number of strokes by an individual, known as stroke play, or the lowest score on the most individual holes in a complete round by an individual or team, known as match play.", "Golf __knowledge__ Stroke play is the most commonly seen format at all levels, but most especially at the elite level.", "Golf __knowledge__ The modern game of golf originated in 15th century Scotland.", "New York City __knowledge__ The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ With an estimated 2016 population of 8,537,673 distributed over a land area of about , New York City is also the most densely populated major city in the United States.", "New York City __knowledge__ Located at the southern tip of the state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world with an estimated 23.7 million residents as of 2016.", "New York City __knowledge__ A global power city, New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, and exerts a significant impact upon commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, and sports.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (July–September 2017) __knowledge__ This is a timeline of the War in Donbass, from 1 July 2017.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (July–September 2017) __knowledge__ The timeline follows an ongoing conflict between Ukraine and anti-government pro-Russian separatists supported by Russian troops in the Donbass region in eastern Ukraine.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (July–September 2017) __knowledge__ According to the information provided by the spokesman of the Ukrainian operational headquarters in the morning, pro-Russian troops had opened fire on 35 occasions on Ukrainian positions on the last day of June (including on 17 occasions in the outskirts of Donetsk city, on 17 occasions in the region of Mariupol, and on 1 occasion in Luhansk region).", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (July–September 2017) __knowledge__ The spokesman of the Ministry of Defence on issues related to ATO, \"polkovnyk\" Andriy Lysenko, reported at noon that one Ukrainian serviceman was killed and nine were wounded and injured in the Donbass region on 30 June.", "Beijing city fortifications __knowledge__ The Beijing city fortifications were built between the early 15th century and 1553.", "Beijing city fortifications __knowledge__ The Inner city wall was long and high, with a thickness of at ground level and at the top.", "Beijing city fortifications __knowledge__ It had nine gates.", "Beijing city fortifications __knowledge__ This wall stood for nearly 530 years, but in 1965 was removed to allow construction of the 2nd Ring Road and Line 2 of the Beijing Subway.", "Beijing city fortifications __knowledge__ Only one part of the original wall exists, in the southeast, just south of the Beijing Railway Station.", "Beijing city fortifications __knowledge__ The Outer city walls had a perimeter of approximately .", "Beijing city fortifications __knowledge__ The entire enclosure of the Inner and Outer cities formed a \"凸\" shape with a perimeter of nearly .", "Beijing city fortifications __knowledge__ Beijing was the location of the capital during the last three Chinese imperial dynasties (the Yuan, Ming, and Qing).", "Kansas City, Missouri __knowledge__ Kansas City is the largest city in Missouri, United States.", "Kansas City, Missouri __knowledge__ According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city had an estimated population of 481,420 in 2016, making it the 37th largest city by population in the United States.", "Kansas City, Missouri __knowledge__ It is the central city of the Kansas City metropolitan area, which straddles the Kansas–Missouri border.", "Kansas City, Missouri __knowledge__ Kansas City was founded in the 1830s as a Missouri River port at its confluence with the Kansas River coming in from the west.", "Kansas City, Missouri __knowledge__ On June 1, 1850 the town of Kansas was incorporated; shortly after came the establishment of the Kansas Territory.", "Kansas City, Missouri __knowledge__ Confusion between the two ensued and the name Kansas City was assigned to distinguish them soon thereafter.", "Mexico City __knowledge__ Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (, ; abbreviated as CDMX), is the capital and most populous city of Mexico and North America.", "Mexico City __knowledge__ Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas.", "Mexico City __knowledge__ It is located in the Valley of Mexico (\"Valle de México\"), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of .", "Mexico City __knowledge__ The city consists of sixteen boroughs.", "Mexico City __knowledge__ The 2009 estimated population for the city proper was approximately 8.84 million people, with a land area of .", "Mexico City __knowledge__ According to the most recent definition agreed upon by the federal and state governments, the Greater Mexico City population is 21.3 million people, making it the largest metropolitan area of the Western Hemisphere, the tenth-largest agglomeration, and the largest Spanish-speaking city in the world.", "Salt Lake City __knowledge__ Salt Lake City (often shortened to Salt Lake and abbreviated as SLC) is the capital and the most populous municipality of the U.S. state of Utah.", "Salt Lake City __knowledge__ With an estimated population of 190,884 in 2014, the city is the core of the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, which has a population of 1,153,340 (2014 estimate).", "Salt Lake City __knowledge__ Salt Lake City is further situated within a larger metropolis known as the Salt Lake City–Ogden–Provo Combined Statistical Area.", "Salt Lake City __knowledge__ This region is a corridor of contiguous urban and suburban development stretched along an approximately segment of the Wasatch Front, comprising a population of 2,423,912 .", "Oklahoma City __knowledge__ Oklahoma City (), often shortened to OKC, is the capital and largest city of the U.S. state of Oklahoma.", "Oklahoma City __knowledge__ The county seat of Oklahoma County, the city ranks 27th among United States cities in population.", "Oklahoma City __knowledge__ The population grew following the 2010 Census, with the population estimated to have increased to 631,346 as of July 2015.", "Oklahoma City __knowledge__ As of 2015, the Oklahoma City metropolitan area had a population of 1,358,452, and the Oklahoma City-Shawnee Combined Statistical Area had a population of 1,459,758 (Chamber of Commerce) residents, making it Oklahoma's largest metropolitan area.", "Oklahoma City __knowledge__ Oklahoma City's city limits extend into Canadian, Cleveland, and Pottawatomie counties, though much of those areas outside the core Oklahoma County area are suburban or rural (watershed).", "Brackenridge Park Golf Course __knowledge__ Brackenridge Park Golf Course is a historic golf course in San Antonio, Texas and the oldest 18-hole public golf course in Texas.", "Brackenridge Park Golf Course __knowledge__ It opened for play in 1916 and was the first inductee into the Texas Golf Hall of Fame.", "Brackenridge Park Golf Course __knowledge__ Brackenridge Park was the original site of the Texas Open which held the tournament for most years between 1922-1959.", "Brackenridge Park Golf Course __knowledge__ Located in historic Brackenridge Park, the course is one of six municipal golf courses managed by the non-profit management group, the Alamo City Golf Trail.", "Brackenridge Park Golf Course __knowledge__ The Alamo City Golf Trail consists of Brackenridge Park Golf Course, Cedar Creek Golf Course, Mission del Lago Golf Course, Olmos Basin Golf Course, Riverside Golf Course, San Pedro Driving Range and Par 3, and Willow Springs Golf Course.", "Timeline of golf history (1851–1945) __knowledge__ 1851 The Prestwick Golf Club is founded.", "Timeline of golf history (1851–1945) __knowledge__ 1856 Pau Golf Club is founded, the first on the Continent.", "Timeline of golf history (1851–1945) __knowledge__ A rule change is enacted that, in match play, the ball must be played as it lies or the hole be conceded.", "Timeline of golf history (1851–1945) __knowledge__ It is the last recorded toughening of the rules structure.", "Timeline of golf history (1851–1945) __knowledge__ 1857 \"The Golfer's Manual\", by \"A Keen Hand\" (H. B. Farnie), is published.", "Timeline of golf history (1851–1945) __knowledge__ It is the first book on golf instruction.", "Timeline of golf history (1851–1945) __knowledge__ The Prestwick Club institutes the first Championship Meeting, a foursomes competition at St. Andrews attended by eleven golf clubs.", "Timeline of golf history (1851–1945) __knowledge__ George Glennie and J.C. Stewart win for Blackheath.", "Timeline of golf history (1851–1945) __knowledge__ 1858 The Royal Curragh Golf Club is founded at Kildare, the oldest golf club in Ireland.", "Timeline of golf history (1945–99) __knowledge__ 1945 Byron Nelson wins 18 tournaments in a calendar year to set an all-time PGA Tour record-including a record 11 in a row and a record 19 consecutive rounds under 70.", "Timeline of golf history (1945–99) __knowledge__ His total prize earnings during his 11-win streak, $30,000, is less than last place money for the PGA Tour Championship by 1992.", "Timeline of golf history (1945–99) __knowledge__ The Tam O'Shanter Open offers a then-record purse of $60,000.", "Timeline of golf history (1945–99) __knowledge__ 1946 Sam Snead travels to St Andrews to compete in the first post-war British Open, and is victorious, winning by four shots from Johnny Bulla and Bobby Locke.", "Timeline of golf history (1945–99) __knowledge__ Lloyd Mangrum wins the U.S. Open in a second playoff, after three players - Mangrum, Byron Nelson and Vic Ghezzi - all tie with 72 in the first playoff.", "Valero Texas Open __knowledge__ The Valero Texas Open is a professional golf tournament on the PGA Tour, played near San Antonio, Texas.", "Valero Texas Open __knowledge__ It dates back to 1922, when it was first called the Texas Open; San Antonio-based Valero Energy Corporation took over naming rights in 2002.", "Valero Texas Open __knowledge__ It is played at The Oaks Course at the TPC San Antonio, northeast of the city.", "Valero Texas Open __knowledge__ The Valero Energy Foundation is the host organization for the Valero Texas Open.", "Valero Texas Open __knowledge__ The event is currently managed by Wasserman Media Group.", "Valero Texas Open __knowledge__ In 2003, it was the site of the 72-hole PGA Tour scoring record of 254, shot by Tommy Armour III.", "Valero Texas Open __knowledge__ Many big-name players have won this tournament, including Sam Snead, Ben Hogan, and Arnold Palmer, who won it three years in a row.", "Wing Park Golf Course __knowledge__ Wing Park Golf Course in Elgin, Illinois is the \"oldest and best preserved nine-hole municipal golf course in Illinois.\"", "Wing Park Golf Course __knowledge__ The course was constructed during a golf course boom in the Chicago area during first few years of the 1900s.", "Wing Park Golf Course __knowledge__ The course was named after William H. Wing, who donated the land for a park in 1902.", "Wing Park Golf Course __knowledge__ When the Elgin and Belvidere Electric Company was built only a few blocks away, Elgin developed the southern portion of the property to a golf course.", "Wing Park Golf Course __knowledge__ The course was developed by Tom Bendelow, a prolific designer who laid out over six hundred golf courses.", "Wing Park Golf Course __knowledge__ Wing Park Golf Course opened on September 5, 1908 and has been in continuous operation since.", "San Antonio __knowledge__ San Antonio ( Spanish for \"Saint Anthony\"), officially the City of San Antonio, is the seventh most populous city in the United States and the second most populous city in both Texas and the Southern United States.", "San Antonio __knowledge__ Founded as a Spanish mission and colonial outpost in 1718, the city became the first chartered civil settlement in Texas in 1731, making it the state's oldest municipality.", "San Antonio __knowledge__ The city's deep history is contrasted with its rapid growth: it was the fastest-growing of the top ten largest cities in the United States from 2000 to 2010, and the second from 1990 to 2000.", "San Antonio __knowledge__ Straddling the regional divide between South and Central Texas, San Antonio anchors the southwestern corner of an urban megaregion colloquially known as the \"Texas Triangle\".", "Langston Golf Course __knowledge__ Langston Golf Course is an 18-hole golf course in Washington, D.C., established in 1939.", "Langston Golf Course __knowledge__ It was named for John Mercer Langston, an African American who was the first dean of the Howard University School of Law, the first president of Virginia Normal and Collegiate Institute (now Virginia State University), and the first African American elected to the United States Congress from Virginia.", "Langston Golf Course __knowledge__ It was the second racially desegregated golf course in the District of Columbia, and in 1991 its first nine holes were added to the National Register of Historic Places.", "Langston Golf Course __knowledge__ The course's official address is 2600 Benning Road NE." ] ]

[ 1, 33, 46 ]

[ "Have you ever played golf? You use a variety of clubs to try to hit a ball into holes.", "You should go check out Brackenridge Park Golf Course. It's the oldest 18-hole public golf course in Texas.", "It's in San Antonio, Texas." ]

[ "Golf", "Golf", "Golf" ]

[ "Nineteen Eighty-Four", "Who is George Orwell?", "Awesome, how many copies of the book were sold?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ Nineteen Eighty-Four, often published as 1984, is a dystopian novel published in 1949 by English author George Orwell.", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ The novel is set in Airstrip One, formerly Great Britain, a province of the superstate Oceania, whose residents are victims of perpetual war, omnipresent government surveillance and public manipulation.", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ Oceania's political ideology, euphemistically named English Socialism (shortened to \"Ingsoc\" in Newspeak, the government's invented language) is enforced by the privileged, elite Inner Party.", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ Via the \"Thought Police\", the Inner Party persecutes individualism and independent thinking, which are regarded as \"thoughtcrimes\".", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ The tyranny is ostensibly overseen by a mysterious leader known as Big Brother, who enjoys an intense cult of personality.", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ The Party \"seeks power entirely for its own sake.", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ It is not interested in the good of others; it is interested solely in power.\"", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ The protagonist of the novel, Winston Smith, is a member of the Outer Party, who works for the Ministry of Truth, or Minitrue in Newspeak.", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ Minitrue is responsible for propaganda and historical revisionism.", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ Winston's job is to rewrite past newspaper articles, so the historical record always supports the Party's agenda." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ Nineteen Eighty-Four, often published as 1984, is a dystopian novel published in 1949 by English author George Orwell.", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ The novel is set in Airstrip One, formerly Great Britain, a province of the superstate Oceania, whose residents are victims of perpetual war, omnipresent government surveillance and public manipulation.", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ Oceania's political ideology, euphemistically named English Socialism (shortened to \"Ingsoc\" in Newspeak, the government's invented language) is enforced by the privileged, elite Inner Party.", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ Via the \"Thought Police\", the Inner Party persecutes individualism and independent thinking, which are regarded as \"thoughtcrimes\".", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ The tyranny is ostensibly overseen by a mysterious leader known as Big Brother, who enjoys an intense cult of personality.", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ The Party \"seeks power entirely for its own sake.", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ It is not interested in the good of others; it is interested solely in power.\"", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ The protagonist of the novel, Winston Smith, is a member of the Outer Party, who works for the Ministry of Truth, or Minitrue in Newspeak.", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ Minitrue is responsible for propaganda and historical revisionism.", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ Winston's job is to rewrite past newspaper articles, so the historical record always supports the Party's agenda.", "George Orwell __knowledge__ Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950), better known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English novelist, essayist, journalist, and critic.", "George Orwell __knowledge__ His work is marked by lucid prose, awareness of social injustice, opposition to totalitarianism, and outspoken support of democratic socialism.", "George Orwell __knowledge__ Orwell wrote literary criticism, poetry, fiction, and polemical journalism.", "George Orwell __knowledge__ He is best known for the allegorical novella \"Animal Farm\" (1945) and the dystopian novel \"Nineteen Eighty-Four\" (1949).", "George Orwell __knowledge__ His non-fiction works, including \"The Road to Wigan Pier\" (1937), documenting his experience of working class life in the north of England, and \"Homage to Catalonia\" (1938), an account of his experiences in the Spanish Civil War, are widely acclaimed, as are his essays on politics, literature, language, and culture.", "George Orwell bibliography __knowledge__ The bibliography of George Orwell includes journalism, essays, novels and non-fiction books written by the British writer Eric Blair (1903–50), either under his own name or, more usually, under his pen name George Orwell.", "George Orwell bibliography __knowledge__ Orwell was a prolific writer on topics related to contemporary English society and literary criticism, whom the British newsweekly \"The Economist\" in 2008 declared \"perhaps the 20th century's best chronicler of English culture.\"", "George Orwell bibliography __knowledge__ His non-fiction cultural and political criticism constitutes the majority of his work, but Orwell also wrote in several genres of fictional literature.", "Animal Farm __knowledge__ Animal Farm is an allegorical novella by George Orwell, first published in England on 17 August 1945.", "Animal Farm __knowledge__ According to Orwell, the book reflects events leading up to the Russian Revolution of 1917 and then on into the Stalinist era of the Soviet Union.", "Animal Farm __knowledge__ Orwell, a democratic socialist, was a critic of Joseph Stalin and hostile to Moscow-directed Stalinism, an attitude that was critically shaped by his experiences during the Spanish Civil War.", "Animal Farm __knowledge__ The Soviet Union, he believed, had become a brutal dictatorship, built upon a cult of personality and enforced by a reign of terror.", "Animal Farm __knowledge__ In a letter to Yvonne Davet, Orwell described \"Animal Farm\" as a satirical tale against Stalin (\"\"\"\"), and in his essay \"Why I Write\" (1946), wrote that \"Animal Farm\" was the first book in which he tried, with full consciousness of what he was doing, \"to fuse political purpose and artistic purpose into one whole\".", "Politics and the English Language __knowledge__ \"Politics and the English Language\" (1946) is an essay by George Orwell that criticises the \"ugly and inaccurate\" written English of his time and examines the connection between political orthodoxies and the debasement of language.", "Politics and the English Language __knowledge__ The essay focuses on political language, which, according to Orwell, \"is designed to make lies sound truthful and murder respectable, and to give an appearance of solidity to pure wind.\"", "Politics and the English Language __knowledge__ Orwell believed that the language used was necessarily vague or meaningless because it was intended to hide the truth rather than express it.", "Politics and the English Language __knowledge__ This unclear prose was a \"contagion\" which had spread to those who did not intend to hide the truth, and it concealed a writer's thoughts from himself and others.", "Sonia Orwell __knowledge__ Sonia Mary Brownell (25 August 1918 – 11 December 1980), better known as Sonia Orwell, was the second and last wife of writer George Orwell, whose real name was Eric Arthur Blair.", "Sonia Orwell __knowledge__ Sonia is believed to be the model for Julia, the heroine of \"Nineteen Eighty-Four\".", "Sonia Orwell __knowledge__ Brownell was born in Calcutta, the daughter of a British colonial official.", "Sonia Orwell __knowledge__ Her father died when she was four years old.", "Sonia Orwell __knowledge__ When she was six, she was sent to the Sacred Heart Convent in Roehampton (now part of Roehampton University), in England.", "Sonia Orwell __knowledge__ She left at 17 and, after learning French in Switzerland, took a secretarial course.", "Sonia Orwell __knowledge__ As a young woman, Sonia Brownell was responsible for transcribing and editing the copy text for the first edition of the Winchester Malory as assistant to the eminent medievalist at Manchester University, Eugene Vinaver.", "Homage to Catalonia __knowledge__ Homage to Catalonia is George Orwell's personal account of his experiences and observations in the Spanish Civil War.", "Homage to Catalonia __knowledge__ The first edition was published in the United Kingdom in 1938.", "Homage to Catalonia __knowledge__ The book was not published in the United States until February 1952, when it appeared with an influential preface by Lionel Trilling.", "Homage to Catalonia __knowledge__ The only translation published in Orwell's lifetime was into Italian, in December 1948.", "Homage to Catalonia __knowledge__ A French translation by Yvonne Davet—with whom Orwell corresponded, commenting on her translation and providing explanatory notes—in 1938–39, was not published until five years after Orwell's death.", "The Road to Wigan Pier __knowledge__ The Road to Wigan Pier is a book by the British writer George Orwell, first published in 1937.", "The Road to Wigan Pier __knowledge__ The first half of this work documents his sociological investigations of the bleak living conditions among the working class in Lancashire and Yorkshire in the industrial north of England before World War II.", "The Road to Wigan Pier __knowledge__ The second half is a long essay on his middle-class upbringing, and the development of his political conscience, questioning British attitudes towards socialism.", "The Road to Wigan Pier __knowledge__ Orwell states plainly that he himself is in favour of socialism, but feels it necessary to point out reasons why many people who would benefit from socialism, and should logically support it, are in practice likely to be strong opponents.", "Down and Out in Paris and London __knowledge__ Down and Out in Paris and London is the first full-length work by the English author George Orwell, published in 1933.", "Down and Out in Paris and London __knowledge__ It is a memoir in two parts on the theme of poverty in the two cities.", "Down and Out in Paris and London __knowledge__ The first part is an account of living in near-destitution in Paris and the experience of casual labour in restaurant kitchens.", "Down and Out in Paris and London __knowledge__ The second part is a travelogue of life on the road in and around London from the tramp's perspective, with descriptions of the types of hostel accommodation available and some of the characters to be found living on the margins.", "Down and Out in Paris and London __knowledge__ After giving up his post as a policeman in Burma to become a writer, Orwell moved to rooms in Portobello Road, London at the end of 1927 when he was 24." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ Nineteen Eighty-Four, often published as 1984, is a dystopian novel published in 1949 by English author George Orwell.", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ The novel is set in Airstrip One, formerly Great Britain, a province of the superstate Oceania, whose residents are victims of perpetual war, omnipresent government surveillance and public manipulation.", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ Oceania's political ideology, euphemistically named English Socialism (shortened to \"Ingsoc\" in Newspeak, the government's invented language) is enforced by the privileged, elite Inner Party.", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ Via the \"Thought Police\", the Inner Party persecutes individualism and independent thinking, which are regarded as \"thoughtcrimes\".", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ The tyranny is ostensibly overseen by a mysterious leader known as Big Brother, who enjoys an intense cult of personality.", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ The Party \"seeks power entirely for its own sake.", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ It is not interested in the good of others; it is interested solely in power.\"", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ The protagonist of the novel, Winston Smith, is a member of the Outer Party, who works for the Ministry of Truth, or Minitrue in Newspeak.", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ Minitrue is responsible for propaganda and historical revisionism.", "Nineteen Eighty-Four __knowledge__ Winston's job is to rewrite past newspaper articles, so the historical record always supports the Party's agenda.", "List of book-burning incidents __knowledge__ Notable book burnings have taken place throughout history.", "List of book-burning incidents __knowledge__ Destruction of Ebla 2240 BC, then in 1600 BC.", "List of book-burning incidents __knowledge__ Destruction of Mari in 1765 BC.", "List of book-burning incidents __knowledge__ Destruction of Alalakh circa 1200 BC.", "List of book-burning incidents __knowledge__ Destruction of Ugarit 1180 BC.", "List of book-burning incidents __knowledge__ In 612 BC the Assyrian capital Nineveh was destroyed by a coalition of Babylonians, Scythians and Medes.", "List of book-burning incidents __knowledge__ During the burning of the Royal Palace, a great fire ravaged the Library of Ashurbanipal where the scholar King Ashurbanipal had amassed a great number of texts and tablets from various countries.", "List of book-burning incidents __knowledge__ Modern historians believe the library may have contained a considerable number of texts written on such mediums as leather scrolls, wax boards, and possibly papyri – all of them vulnerable to fire.", "Gutenberg Bible __knowledge__ The Gutenberg Bible (also known as the 42-line Bible, the Mazarin Bible or the B42) was the first major book printed using mass-produced movable metal type in Europe.", "Gutenberg Bible __knowledge__ It marked the start of the \"Gutenberg Revolution\" and the age of the printed book in the West.", "Gutenberg Bible __knowledge__ Widely praised for its high aesthetic and artistic qualities, the book has an iconic status.", "Gutenberg Bible __knowledge__ Written in Latin, the Gutenberg Bible is an edition of the Vulgate, printed by Johannes Gutenberg, in Mainz, in present-day Germany, in the 1450s.", "Gutenberg Bible __knowledge__ Since its publication, 49 copies (or substantial portions of copies) have survived, and they are considered to be among the most valuable books in the world even though no complete copy has been sold since 1978.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Michael Lee Alfonso (January 24, 1965 – February 17, 2007) was an American professional wrestler.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ He was best known for his appearances with the American professional wrestling promotions Extreme Championship Wrestling, World Championship Wrestling and the World Wrestling Federation under the ring name Mike Awesome and for his appearances in Japan for with Frontier Martial-Arts Wrestling and All Japan Pro Wrestling as The Gladiator.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso was trained to wrestle by Steve Keirn, debuting on February 26, 1989.", "Mike Awesome __knowledge__ Alfonso trained for about one year along with former professional wrestlers, Dennis Knight (Mideon, Phineas Godwin) and the late \"Big\" Al Green before making his debut.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ Awesome Comics or Awesome Entertainment (also known as Awesome-Hyperwerks when they were briefly joined with Hyperwerks Entertainment) was an American comic book studio formed in 1997 by Image Comics co-founder Rob Liefeld.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ The company closed in 2000.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ In 1992, seven high-profile comics artists left Marvel Comics to form their own publisher, where comics creators could publish creator-owned material without having to give up copyright-control to their characters.", "Awesome Comics __knowledge__ The seven artists (bar Whilce Portacio, who opted not to become a full partner) formed a partnership between their individual studios, and published their comics under the over-arcing Image Comics banner.", "Halo 4 __knowledge__ Halo 4 is a first-person shooter video game developed by 343 Industries and published by Microsoft Studios for the Xbox 360 video game console.", "Halo 4 __knowledge__ The seventh video game installment in the \"Halo\" franchise, the game was released worldwide in November 2012.", "Halo 4 __knowledge__ \"Halo 4\"s story follows a cybernetically enhanced human supersoldier, Master Chief, and his artificial intelligence construct Cortana, as they encounter unknown threats while exploring an ancient civilization's planet.", "Halo 4 __knowledge__ The player assumes the role of Master Chief, who battles remnants of the former military alliance of alien races known as the Covenant and mechanical warriors of the Forerunner empire known as the Prometheans.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the series \"The Awesomes\".", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Professor Dr. Jeremy \"Prock\" Awesome (voiced by Seth Meyers) - The son of Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Jeremy Awesome is the young new leader of the Awesomes.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Known as Prock (a portmanteau of Professor and Doctor, since Prock has a JD and an MD) he has always wanted to be a superhero like his father, Mr.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Awesome.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ Prock disappointingly doesn't have any of his father's impressive physical powers: indeed, he is unimposing and injury-prone.", "List of The Awesomes characters __knowledge__ However, he's the smartest on the team and a natural leader: in a crisis he comes up with excellent plans and assigns jobs to everyone on the team.", "1000 Awesome Things __knowledge__ 1000 Awesome Things is a regularly updated, Webby Award winning blog written by Neil Pasricha, who posts one awesome thing in life each weekday.", "1000 Awesome Things __knowledge__ The site was launched on June 20, 2008 with #1000 Broccoflower and is counting down until it hits #1.", "1000 Awesome Things __knowledge__ The topics covered on the blog are varied, and range from #981, Wearing underwear just out of the dryer, to #858, The other side of the pillow, and #773, watching your odometer click over a major milestone.", "1000 Awesome Things __knowledge__ An awesome thing is posted every weekday and #1 was posted on April 19, 2012.", "1000 Awesome Things __knowledge__ The website has a live stats counter on it and has approximately 48 million hits.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ The reception history of Jane Austen follows a path from modest fame to wild popularity.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ Jane Austen (1775–1817), the author of such works as \"Pride and Prejudice\" (1813) and \"Emma\" (1815), has become one of the best-known and most widely read novelists in the English language.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ Her novels are the subject of intense scholarly study and the centre of a diverse fan culture.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ During her lifetime, Austen's novels brought her little personal fame.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ Like many women writers, she chose to publish anonymously, but her authorship was an open secret.", "Reception history of Jane Austen __knowledge__ At the time they were published, Austen's works were considered fashionable but received only a few reviews, albeit positive.", "Literature of Birmingham __knowledge__ The literary tradition of Birmingham originally grew out of the culture of religious puritanism that developed in the town in the 16th and 17th centuries.", "Literature of Birmingham __knowledge__ Birmingham's location away from established centres of power, its dynamic merchant-based economy and its weak aristocracy gave it a reputation as a place where loyalty to the established power structures of church and feudal state were weak, and saw it emerge as a haven for free-thinkers and radicals, encouraging the birth of a vibrant culture of writing, printing and publishing.", "Literature of Birmingham __knowledge__ The 18th century saw the town's radicalism widen to encompass other literary areas, and while Birmingham's tradition of vigorous literary debate on theological issues was to survive into the Victorian era, the writers of the Midlands Enlightenment brought new thinking to areas as diverse as poetry, philosophy, history, fiction and children's literature.", "English literature __knowledge__ This article is focused on English-language literature rather than the literature of England, so that it includes writers from Scotland, Wales, and the whole of Ireland, as well as literature in English from countries of the former British Empire, including the United States.", "English literature __knowledge__ However, until the early 19th century, it only deals with the literature of the United Kingdom and Ireland.", "English literature __knowledge__ It does not include literature written in the other languages of Britain.", "English literature __knowledge__ The English language has developed over the course of more than 1,400 years.", "English literature __knowledge__ The earliest forms of English, a set of Anglo-Frisian dialects brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the fifth century, are called Old English.", "Twentieth-century English literature __knowledge__ This article is focused on English-language literature rather than the literature of England, so that it includes writers from Scotland, Wales, and the whole of Ireland, as well as literature in English from former British colonies.", "Twentieth-century English literature __knowledge__ It also includes, to some extent, the US, though the main article here is American literature.", "Twentieth-century English literature __knowledge__ Modernism is a major literary movement of the first part of the twentieth-century.", "Twentieth-century English literature __knowledge__ The term Postmodern literature is used to describe certain tendencies in post-World War II literature.", "Twentieth-century English literature __knowledge__ Irish writers were especially important in the twentieth-century, including James Joyce and later Samuel Beckett, both central figures in the Modernist movement.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The Spirit of the Age (full title \"The Spirit of the Age: Or, Contemporary Portraits\") is a collection of character sketches by the early 19th century English essayist, literary critic, and social commentator William Hazlitt, portraying 25 men, mostly British, whom he believed to represent significant trends in the thought, literature, and politics of his time.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ The subjects include thinkers, social reformers, politicians, poets, essayists, and novelists, many of whom Hazlitt was personally acquainted with or had encountered.", "The Spirit of the Age __knowledge__ Originally appearing in English periodicals, mostly \"The New Monthly Magazine\" in 1824, the essays were collected with several others written for the purpose and published in book form in 1825.", "George Orwell __knowledge__ Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950), better known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English novelist, essayist, journalist, and critic.", "George Orwell __knowledge__ His work is marked by lucid prose, awareness of social injustice, opposition to totalitarianism, and outspoken support of democratic socialism.", "George Orwell __knowledge__ Orwell wrote literary criticism, poetry, fiction, and polemical journalism.", "George Orwell __knowledge__ He is best known for the allegorical novella \"Animal Farm\" (1945) and the dystopian novel \"Nineteen Eighty-Four\" (1949).", "George Orwell __knowledge__ His non-fiction works, including \"The Road to Wigan Pier\" (1937), documenting his experience of working class life in the north of England, and \"Homage to Catalonia\" (1938), an account of his experiences in the Spanish Civil War, are widely acclaimed, as are his essays on politics, literature, language, and culture.", "British literature __knowledge__ British literature is literature in the English language from the United Kingdom, Isle of Man, and Channel Islands.", "British literature __knowledge__ Anglo-Saxon (Old English) literature is included, and there is some discussion of Latin and Anglo-Norman literature, where literature in these languages relate to the early development of the English language and literature.", "British literature __knowledge__ There is also some brief discussion of major figures who wrote in Scots, but the main discussion is in the various Scottish literature articles.", "British literature __knowledge__ The article Literature in the other languages of Britain focusses on the literatures written in the other languages that are, and have been, used in Britain." ] ]

[ 1, 11, 0 ]

[ "I think 1984 is a great novel by the great George Orwell.", "He was a famous English novelist born in 1903. He was also specialized in essays and was a well known critic.", "As of today around 30 million copies have been sold, i believe. Quite impressive." ]

[ "Nineteen Eighty-Four", "Nineteen Eighty-Four", "Nineteen Eighty-Four" ]

[ "Dirty Harry", "Yes. Go ahead make my day. Love it!", "Interesting. Do you know what year it came out?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ Dirty Harry is a 1971 American action crime thriller film produced and directed by Don Siegel, the first in the \"Dirty Harry\" series.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ Clint Eastwood plays the title role, in his first outing as San Francisco Police Department (SFPD) Inspector \"Dirty\" Harry Callahan.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ The film drew upon the actual case of the Zodiac Killer as the Callahan character seeks out a similar vicious psychopath.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ \"Dirty Harry\" was a critical and commercial success and set the style for a whole genre of police films.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ It was followed by four sequels: \"Magnum Force\" in 1973, \"The Enforcer\" in 1976, \"Sudden Impact\" in 1983 (directed by Eastwood himself) and \"The Dead Pool\" in 1988.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ In 2012, the film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress for being \"culturally, historically, and aesthetically significant\".", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ A mysterious killer (Andy Robinson) uses a high precision rifle to kill a girl in a hotel rooftop swimming pool.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ Police arrive at the crime scene, where SFPD Inspector Harry Callahan (Clint Eastwood) finds a blackmail note signed \"Scorpio\" ordering the city to pay $100,000 or the culprit will continue to kill.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ The mayor (John Vernon) asks police officers what is being done to track the killer." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ Dirty Harry is a 1971 American action crime thriller film produced and directed by Don Siegel, the first in the \"Dirty Harry\" series.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ Clint Eastwood plays the title role, in his first outing as San Francisco Police Department (SFPD) Inspector \"Dirty\" Harry Callahan.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ The film drew upon the actual case of the Zodiac Killer as the Callahan character seeks out a similar vicious psychopath.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ \"Dirty Harry\" was a critical and commercial success and set the style for a whole genre of police films.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ It was followed by four sequels: \"Magnum Force\" in 1973, \"The Enforcer\" in 1976, \"Sudden Impact\" in 1983 (directed by Eastwood himself) and \"The Dead Pool\" in 1988.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ In 2012, the film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress for being \"culturally, historically, and aesthetically significant\".", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ A mysterious killer (Andy Robinson) uses a high precision rifle to kill a girl in a hotel rooftop swimming pool.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ Police arrive at the crime scene, where SFPD Inspector Harry Callahan (Clint Eastwood) finds a blackmail note signed \"Scorpio\" ordering the city to pay $100,000 or the culprit will continue to kill.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ The mayor (John Vernon) asks police officers what is being done to track the killer.", "History of Tipperary GAA __knowledge__ The Tipperary County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) () is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland, and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Tipperary and the Tipperary inter-county teams.", "History of Tipperary GAA __knowledge__ County Tipperary holds an honoured place in the history of the GAA as the organisation was founded in Hayes' Hotel, Thurles, on 1 November 1884.", "History of Tipperary GAA __knowledge__ There follows details of the events of its history and the achievements of its inter county teams.", "History of Tipperary GAA __knowledge__ Tipperary is known as 'The Premier County'.", "History of Tipperary GAA __knowledge__ The county team has had many first and unique achievements in the world of GAA.", "History of Tipperary GAA __knowledge__ 1887- The inaugural All-Ireland senior hurling final was played on Easter Sunday 1888 in Birr, County Offaly.", "Go Ahead and Break My Heart __knowledge__ \"Go Ahead and Break My Heart\" is a song that was written and recorded by American singers Blake Shelton and Gwen Stefani for the former's tenth studio album, \"If I'm Honest\" (2016).", "Go Ahead and Break My Heart __knowledge__ Shelton's longtime producer Scott Hendricks produced the track.", "Go Ahead and Break My Heart __knowledge__ It was released as its second promotional single for digital download on May 9, 2016.", "Go Ahead and Break My Heart __knowledge__ The song is Shelton and Stefani's first collaboration.", "Go Ahead and Break My Heart __knowledge__ The ideas behind the song began after the pair shared similar insecurities with each other, leaving Shelton to write the first verse, followed by Stefani analyzing it and writing her own.", "Go Ahead and Break My Heart __knowledge__ \"Go Ahead and Break My Heart\" received generally positive reviews from music critics, with them finding it to be a \"strong\" choice for \"If I'm Honest\".", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes are an English rock band formed in London in 1968 by singer Jon Anderson, bassist Chris Squire, guitarist Peter Banks, keyboardist Tony Kaye, and drummer Bill Bruford.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ The band have undergone numerous formations throughout their history; nineteen musicians have been full-time members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Since June 2015, it has consisted of guitarist Steve Howe, drummer Alan White, keyboardist Geoff Downes, singer Jon Davison, and bassist Billy Sherwood, with no remaining founding members.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes have explored several musical styles over the years, and are most notably regarded as progressive rock pioneers.", "Yes (band) __knowledge__ Yes began in 1968, performing original songs and rearranged covers of rock, pop, blues and jazz songs, as evident on their first two albums.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 (樱野3加1), also known as Sakurano in the Philippines, is a Taiwanese drama that airs Sunday on TTV/SETTV.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ This drama brings back Ming Dao and Joe Chen Qiao En.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ Xia Tian, Jia Jiang, Fang Wei, and Bulu all grew up on Westside Street together and currently study in Ying Ye School, one month away from graduation.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ Xia Tian's dad is a police officer in Westside Street and is retiring tomorrow.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ But just on that day, they all had a fight at school with the Dinosaur gang, and were almost expelled by the principal.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ Officer Xia went to settle the conflict and not only did it not get settled, his gun got misplaced by the principal too.", "Go ahead, make my day __knowledge__ \"Go ahead, make my day\" is a catchphrase written by Charles B.", "Go ahead, make my day __knowledge__ Pierce and spoken by the character Harry Callahan from the 1983 film \"Sudden Impact\".", "Go ahead, make my day __knowledge__ In 2005, it was chosen as No.", "Go ahead, make my day __knowledge__ 6 on the American Film Institute list, AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movie Quotes.", "Go ahead, make my day __knowledge__ The phrase \"go ahead, make my day\" was written by Charles B.", "Go ahead, make my day __knowledge__ Pierce, an independent filmmaker who is credited with \"story by\" in the film \"Sudden Impact\".", "Go ahead, make my day __knowledge__ The actual origins of the phrase came from Pierce's father Mack, who used to tell him as a child, \"Just let me come home one more day, without you mowing that lawn, son just go ahead...make my day\".", "The Winsford Academy __knowledge__ The Winsford Academy (simply referred to as Winsford Academy and formerly The Winsford E-ACT Academy) is an 11–16 mixed secondary school with academy status in Winsford, Cheshire, England.", "The Winsford Academy __knowledge__ It was established in September 2010 following the amalgamation of the two predecessor schools; Verdin High School and Woodford Lodge High School.", "The Winsford Academy __knowledge__ It is located on the campus of the former Verdin High School on Grange Lane that was established in 1970 and was initially one component of a two-campus school, with history spanning from its original founding as Verdin Technical School in 1895.", "The Winsford Academy __knowledge__ In September 2013, the Academy moved into a new, £20 million purpose-built school which includes 60 classrooms with flexible learning spaces; a 400-seat theatre in the Performing Arts Centre; Learning Resource Centre; sports facilities; science labs; drama and dance studios; music rehearsal rooms; media suites; art studios; technology workshops; and a Sixth Form Centre.", "Go Ahead Eagles __knowledge__ The Go Ahead Eagles () is a Dutch football club from Deventer, playing in the Eerste Divisie.", "Go Ahead Eagles __knowledge__ The club's home stadium is De Adelaarshorst.", "Go Ahead Eagles __knowledge__ The club won the national championship in 1917, 1922, 1930 and 1933.", "Go Ahead Eagles __knowledge__ They have produced a number of notable players including Raimond van der Gouw, René Eijkelkamp, Marc Overmars, Paul Bosvelt, Jan Kromkamp, Victor Sikora, Bert van Marwijk and Demy de Zeeuw, while providing Henk ten Cate and Leo Beenhakker with their first tastes of management.", "Go Ahead Eagles __knowledge__ The club was founded in 1902 as Be Quick by the Hollander brothers.", "Go Ahead Eagles __knowledge__ The name was soon changed to Go Ahead at the request of the Dutch Football Association.", "Clint Eastwood __knowledge__ Clinton Eastwood Jr. (born May 31, 1930) is an American actor, filmmaker, musician, and political figure.", "Clint Eastwood __knowledge__ After achieving success in the Western TV series \"Rawhide\", he rose to international fame with his role as the Man with No Name in Sergio Leone's \"Dollars\" Trilogy of Spaghetti Westerns during the 1960s, and as antihero cop Harry Callahan in the five \"Dirty Harry\" films throughout the 1970s and 1980s.", "Clint Eastwood __knowledge__ These roles, among others, have made Eastwood an enduring cultural icon of masculinity.", "Clint Eastwood __knowledge__ For his work in the Western film \"Unforgiven\" (1992) and the sports drama \"Million Dollar Baby\" (2004), Eastwood won Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture, as well as receiving nominations for Best Actor.", "Clint Eastwood in the 1970s __knowledge__ This article details Clint Eastwood's film career from 1970 to 1979.", "Clint Eastwood in the 1970s __knowledge__ In 1970, Eastwood starred in the western, \"Two Mules for Sister Sara\" with Shirley MacLaine.", "Clint Eastwood in the 1970s __knowledge__ The film, directed by Siegel, is a story about an American mercenary who gets mixed up with a prostitute disguised as a nun and aid a group of Juarista rebels during the puppet reign of Emperor Maximilian in Mexico.", "Clint Eastwood in the 1970s __knowledge__ The story was initially written by Budd Boetticher, who was later sacked and replaced with Albert Maltz to revise the script.", "Clint Eastwood in the 1970s __knowledge__ The film saw Eastwood embody the tall mysterious stranger once more, unshaven, wearing a serape-like vest and smoking a cigar and the film score was composed by Morricone.", "Clint Eastwood in the 1980s __knowledge__ The career of Clint Eastwood in the 1980s included several films, television direction, and a stint in politics.", "Clint Eastwood in the 1980s __knowledge__ In 1980, Eastwood directed and played the main attraction in a traveling Wild West Show in the comedy film, \"Bronco Billy\".", "Clint Eastwood in the 1980s __knowledge__ His children Kyle and Alison had small roles as orphans.", "Clint Eastwood in the 1980s __knowledge__ Eastwood starred alongside Locke, Scatman Crothers, Sam Bottoms, Dan Vadis, Sierra Pecheur and Geoff Lewis.", "Clint Eastwood in the 1980s __knowledge__ Filming commenced on October 1, 1979 in the Boise, Idaho area and was shot in five and a half weeks on a low budget of $5 million, two-four weeks before schedule.", "Clint Eastwood in the 1980s __knowledge__ Eastwood has cited \"Bronco Billy\" as being one of the most affable shoots of his entire career, and biographer Richard Schickel has argued that the character of Bronco Billy is his most self-referential work.", "Dirty Harry (film series) __knowledge__ Dirty Harry is an American film series featuring fictional San Francisco Police Department Homicide Division Inspector \"Dirty\" Harry Callahan who is notorious for being extremely violent and ruthless in his methods, and a danger for any partner assigned to him.", "Dirty Harry (film series) __knowledge__ Actor Clint Eastwood portrayed Callahan in all five of the series' films.", "Dirty Harry (film series) __knowledge__ \"Dirty Harry\" (1971) was directed by Don Siegel and starred Clint Eastwood as Harry Callahan.", "Dirty Harry (film series) __knowledge__ Harry tracks serial killer Scorpio (loosely based on the Zodiac killer).", "Dirty Harry (film series) __knowledge__ Eastwood's iconic portrayal of the blunt-speaking, unorthodox detective set the style for a number of his subsequent roles, and its box-office success led to the production of four sequels.", "The Enforcer (1976 film) __knowledge__ The Enforcer is a 1976 American action thriller and the third in the \"Dirty Harry\" film series.", "The Enforcer (1976 film) __knowledge__ Directed by James Fargo, it stars Clint Eastwood as Inspector \"Dirty\" Harry Callahan, Tyne Daly as Inspector Kate Moore and DeVeren Bookwalter as terrorist leader/main antagonist Bobby Maxwell.", "The Enforcer (1976 film) __knowledge__ It was also the last film in the series to feature John Mitchum as Inspector Frank DiGiorgio.", "The Enforcer (1976 film) __knowledge__ In Marin County, two gas company men are lured by a scantily-clad woman (Jocelyn Jones) to a remote spot in Mill Valley and killed by Bobby Maxwell (DeVeren Bookwalter).", "The Enforcer (1976 film) __knowledge__ Maxwell's gang, the People's Revolutionary Strike Force (PRSF), plans to use the gas men's uniforms and van as part of an ambitious series of crimes that will make them rich.", "Gran Torino __knowledge__ Gran Torino is a 2008 American drama film directed and produced by Clint Eastwood, who also starred in the film.", "Gran Torino __knowledge__ The film co-stars Christopher Carley, Bee Vang and Ahney Her.", "Gran Torino __knowledge__ This was Eastwood's first starring role since 2004's \"Million Dollar Baby\".", "Gran Torino __knowledge__ The film features a large Hmong American cast, as well as one of Eastwood's younger sons, Scott.", "Gran Torino __knowledge__ Eastwood's oldest son, Kyle, provided the score.", "Gran Torino __knowledge__ \"Gran Torino\" opened via a limited theatrical release in North America on December 12, 2008, and later to a worldwide release on January 9, 2009.", "Gran Torino __knowledge__ Set in Detroit, Michigan, it is the first mainstream American film to feature Hmong Americans." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ Dirty Harry is a 1971 American action crime thriller film produced and directed by Don Siegel, the first in the \"Dirty Harry\" series.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ Clint Eastwood plays the title role, in his first outing as San Francisco Police Department (SFPD) Inspector \"Dirty\" Harry Callahan.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ The film drew upon the actual case of the Zodiac Killer as the Callahan character seeks out a similar vicious psychopath.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ \"Dirty Harry\" was a critical and commercial success and set the style for a whole genre of police films.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ It was followed by four sequels: \"Magnum Force\" in 1973, \"The Enforcer\" in 1976, \"Sudden Impact\" in 1983 (directed by Eastwood himself) and \"The Dead Pool\" in 1988.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ In 2012, the film was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress for being \"culturally, historically, and aesthetically significant\".", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ A mysterious killer (Andy Robinson) uses a high precision rifle to kill a girl in a hotel rooftop swimming pool.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ Police arrive at the crime scene, where SFPD Inspector Harry Callahan (Clint Eastwood) finds a blackmail note signed \"Scorpio\" ordering the city to pay $100,000 or the culprit will continue to kill.", "Dirty Harry __knowledge__ The mayor (John Vernon) asks police officers what is being done to track the killer.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records was an American record label specializing in industrial rock and electronic music, founded by John Malm Jr. and Trent Reznor in 1992.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ It is considered an example of a vanity label, where an artist is able to run a label with some degree of independence from within a larger parent company—in this case, Interscope Records was the parent company.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ Nothing Records became largely defunct in 2004 due to a lawsuit by Reznor against John Malm.", "Nothing Records __knowledge__ The label became inactive as a whole following several further releases—the \"Beside You in Time\" (February 2007) home video was the label's final release.", "List of Daredevil characters __knowledge__ \"Daredevil\" is an American web television series created for Netflix by Drew Goddard, based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name.", "List of Daredevil characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films of the franchise, and is the first in a series of shows that will lead up to a Defenders crossover miniseries.", "List of Daredevil characters __knowledge__ The series stars Charlie Cox as Matt Murdock / Daredevil, as well as Deborah Ann Woll, Elden Henson, Rosario Dawson, and Vincent D'Onofrio.", "List of Daredevil characters __knowledge__ Toby Leonard Moore, Vondie Curtis-Hall, Bob Gunton, and Ayelet Zurer join them for the first season, while Jon Bernthal, Élodie Yung, and Stephen Rider join them for the second.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Dennis Michael Miller (born November 3, 1953) is an American stand-up comedian, talk show host, political commentator, sports commentator, actor, and television and radio personality.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He rose as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" in 1985, and subsequently hosted a string of his own talk shows on HBO, CNBC, and in syndication.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ From 2007 to 2015, Miller hosted a daily, three-hour, self-titled talk radio program, nationally syndicated by Westwood One.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ He is known for his critical assessments of current events, laced with pop culture references and delivered in an idiosyncratic verbal style.", "Dennis Miller __knowledge__ Miller is listed as 21st on Comedy Central's 100 greatest stand up comedians of all time, and was ranked as the best host of SNL's \"Weekend Update\" by Vulture.com.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Melanesian mythology is the folklore, myths and religion of Melanesia — the archipelagos of New Guinea, the Torres Strait Islands, the Admiralty Islands, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia and Vanuatu.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Professor Roland Burrage Dixon wrote an account of the mythology of this region for \"The Mythology of All Races\", which was published in 1916.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Since that time, the region has developed new cults and legends as a result of exposure to western civilisations and their missionaries.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ These include the cargo cults in which the natives attempt to restore the supply of material goods which were a side-effect of the campaigning in this region during the Pacific War.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Zodiac Killer __knowledge__ The Zodiac Killer or Zodiac was a serial killer who operated in Northern California from at least the late 1960s to the early 1970s.", "Zodiac Killer __knowledge__ The killer's identity remains unknown.", "Zodiac Killer __knowledge__ The Zodiac murdered victims in Benicia, Vallejo, Lake Berryessa, and San Francisco between December 1968 and October 1969.", "Zodiac Killer __knowledge__ Four men and three women between the ages of 16 and 29 were targeted.", "Zodiac Killer __knowledge__ The killer originated the name \"Zodiac\" in a series of taunting letters sent to the local Bay Area press.", "Zodiac Killer __knowledge__ These letters included four cryptograms (or ciphers).", "Zodiac Killer __knowledge__ Of the four cryptograms sent, only one has been definitively solved.", "Zodiac Killer __knowledge__ Suspects have been named by law enforcement and amateur investigators, but no conclusive evidence has surfaced.", "Zodiac (film) __knowledge__ Zodiac is a 2007 American mystery-thriller film directed by David Fincher.", "Zodiac (film) __knowledge__ The screenplay by James Vanderbilt is based on the 1986 non-fiction book of the same name by Robert Graysmith.", "Zodiac (film) __knowledge__ The film stars Jake Gyllenhaal, Mark Ruffalo, and Robert Downey, Jr., with Anthony Edwards, Brian Cox, Elias Koteas, Donal Logue, John Carroll Lynch, Dermot Mulroney, and Chloë Sevigny in supporting roles.", "Zodiac (film) __knowledge__ \"Zodiac\" tells the story of the manhunt for a serial killer who called himself the \"Zodiac\" and killed in and around the San Francisco Bay Area during the late 1960s and early 1970s, taunting police with letters, bloodstained clothing, and ciphers mailed to newspapers.", "The Zodiac Killer (film) __knowledge__ The Zodiac Killer is a 1971 film directed by Tom Hanson.", "The Zodiac Killer (film) __knowledge__ The film stars Hal Reed, Bob Jones, Ray Lynch and Tom Pittman.", "The Zodiac Killer (film) __knowledge__ The plot is based on the murders committed by the Zodiac Killer in the San Francisco area, though it takes many liberties with the actual investigation with the film providing a name and back story for the killer.", "The Zodiac Killer (film) __knowledge__ In a 2017 interview, Hanson stated that the production of the film was motivated by an elaborate plot to catch the killer, who Hanson reasoned would not be able to resist attending the film's premier.", "The Zodiac Killer (film) __knowledge__ The film is a highly fictionalized telling of a month in the life of the Zodiac Killer (played by Hal Reed).", "List of Dexter characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the Showtime TV series \"Dexter\" and the Jeff Lindsay novels, including \"Darkly Dreaming Dexter\" (on which the show was based), \"Dearly Devoted Dexter\", \"Dexter in the Dark\", \"Dexter by Design\", and \"Dexter is Delicious\".", "List of Dexter characters __knowledge__ Dexter \"Dex\" Morgan is the titular protagonist and narrator of the series.", "List of Dexter characters __knowledge__ Dexter is a forensics expert and blood spatter analyst employed by the Miami Metro Police Department, but has a double life as a vigilante serial killer.", "List of Dexter characters __knowledge__ As young boys, he and his older brother Brian witnessed the murder of their mother, Laura Moser, and were left for two days in a shipping container filled with blood.", "Ted Cruz–Zodiac meme __knowledge__ The Ted Cruz–Zodiac meme is a mock-conspiracy theory popularized on the Internet during Ted Cruz's candidacy for President in 2015–16.", "Ted Cruz–Zodiac meme __knowledge__ The internet meme facetiously suggests that United States Senator and former 2016 presidential candidate Ted Cruz was the Zodiac Killer, an unidentified Californian serial killer of the late 1960s and early 1970s.", "Ted Cruz–Zodiac meme __knowledge__ Cruz, born 1970, obviously could not have committed these murders, which began before his birth.", "Ted Cruz–Zodiac meme __knowledge__ Circulators of the meme do not genuinely believe that he was the Zodiac Killer, citing the absurdity of its premise; NPR wrote that the meme captured \"a feeling they have about Cruz: they think he's creepy.", "Slasher film __knowledge__ Slasher films are a subgenre of horror films, typically involving a violent psychopath stalking and murdering several people, usually with bladed tools.", "Slasher film __knowledge__ Although the term \"slasher\" is sometimes used informally as a generic term for any horror movie involving murder, analysts of the genre cite an established set of characteristics which set these films apart from other horror subgenres, such as splatter films and psychological horror films.", "Slasher film __knowledge__ Some critics cite the Italian giallo films and the British-produced psychological thriller or psychological horror films \"Peeping Tom\" (1960) by Michael Powell and \"Psycho\" (1960) by Alfred Hitchcock as the earliest influential \"slasher\" films, and most agree that the genre's peak occurred in American films released during the 1970s and 1980s." ] ]

[ 2, 3, 1 ]

[ "I think Dirty Harry is my favorite movie. It has Clint Eastwood in it.", "Exactly! The film drew upon the actual zodiac killer case most people don't know that.", "Dirty Harry came out in 1971 and was directed by Don Siegel." ]

[ "Dirty Harry", "Dirty Harry", "Dirty Harry" ]

[ "Nachos", "They are the best! I love tons of cheese on mine", "Well it is great I dont blame them" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Nachos __knowledge__ Nachos are a Mexican dish from northern Mexico.", "Nachos __knowledge__ The dish consists of tortilla chips (or \"totopos\") covered with cheese or cheese-based sauce, and is often served as a snack.", "Nachos __knowledge__ More elaborate versions add more ingredients and can be served as a main dish.", "Nachos __knowledge__ Ignacio \"Nacho\" Anaya is credited with creating the dish in about 1943.", "Nachos __knowledge__ The original nachos consisted of fried corn tortillas covered with melted cheese and sliced jalapeño peppers.", "Nachos __knowledge__ Nachos originated in the city of Piedras Negras, Coahuila, Mexico, just over the border from Eagle Pass, Texas.", "Nachos __knowledge__ In 1943, the wives of U.S. soldiers stationed at Fort Duncan in nearby Eagle Pass were in Piedras Negras on a shopping trip, and arrived at the restaurant after it had already closed for the day.", "Nachos __knowledge__ The \"maître d'hôtel\", Ignacio \"Nacho\" Anaya, invented a new snack for them with what little he had available in the kitchen: tortillas and cheese.", "Nachos __knowledge__ Anaya cut the tortillas into triangles, fried them, added shredded cheddar cheese, quickly heated them, added sliced pickled jalapeño peppers, and served them.", "Nachos __knowledge__ When asked what the dish was called, he answered, \"Nacho's \"especiales\"\".", "Nachos __knowledge__ As word of the dish traveled, the apostrophe was lost, and Nacho's \"specials\" became \"special nachos\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Nachos __knowledge__ Nachos are a Mexican dish from northern Mexico.", "Nachos __knowledge__ The dish consists of tortilla chips (or \"totopos\") covered with cheese or cheese-based sauce, and is often served as a snack.", "Nachos __knowledge__ More elaborate versions add more ingredients and can be served as a main dish.", "Nachos __knowledge__ Ignacio \"Nacho\" Anaya is credited with creating the dish in about 1943.", "Nachos __knowledge__ The original nachos consisted of fried corn tortillas covered with melted cheese and sliced jalapeño peppers.", "Nachos __knowledge__ Nachos originated in the city of Piedras Negras, Coahuila, Mexico, just over the border from Eagle Pass, Texas.", "Nachos __knowledge__ In 1943, the wives of U.S. soldiers stationed at Fort Duncan in nearby Eagle Pass were in Piedras Negras on a shopping trip, and arrived at the restaurant after it had already closed for the day.", "Nachos __knowledge__ The \"maître d'hôtel\", Ignacio \"Nacho\" Anaya, invented a new snack for them with what little he had available in the kitchen: tortillas and cheese.", "Nachos __knowledge__ Anaya cut the tortillas into triangles, fried them, added shredded cheddar cheese, quickly heated them, added sliced pickled jalapeño peppers, and served them.", "Nachos __knowledge__ When asked what the dish was called, he answered, \"Nacho's \"especiales\"\".", "Nachos __knowledge__ As word of the dish traveled, the apostrophe was lost, and Nacho's \"specials\" became \"special nachos\".", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945) __knowledge__ The Blockade of Germany (1939–1945), also known as the Economic War, was carried out during World War II by the United Kingdom and France in order to restrict the supplies of minerals, metals, food and textiles needed by Nazi Germany - and later Fascist Italy - in order to sustain their war efforts.", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945) __knowledge__ The economic war consisted mainly of a naval blockade which formed part of the wider Battle of the Atlantic, and included the preclusive buying of war materials from neutral countries to prevent their sale to the enemy.", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945) __knowledge__ There were four distinct phases of the blockade.", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945) __knowledge__ The first period was from the beginning of European hostilities in September 1939 to the end of the \"Phoney War,\" during which the Allies and Axis Powers both intercepted neutral merchant ships to seize deliveries en route to the enemy.", "Coal mining in Plymouth, Pennsylvania __knowledge__ At the beginning of the 19th century, Plymouth, Pennsylvania's primary industry was agriculture.", "Coal mining in Plymouth, Pennsylvania __knowledge__ However, vast anthracite coal beds lay below the surface at various depths, and by the 1850s, coal mining was the town's primary occupation.", "Coal mining in Plymouth, Pennsylvania __knowledge__ About 1806, Abijah Smith came to Plymouth from Derby, Connecticut, intending to mine, ship and sell coal.", "Coal mining in Plymouth, Pennsylvania __knowledge__ In the fall of 1807, Smith floated an ark down the Susquehanna River loaded with about fifty tons of anthracite coal, and shipped it to Columbia in Lancaster County.", "Coal mining in Plymouth, Pennsylvania __knowledge__ The significance of Smith's shipment went unnoticed until 1873, when Hendrick B. Wright, in his \"Historical Sketches of Plymouth\", wrote, \"Anthracite coal had been used before 1807, in this valley and elsewhere, in small quantities in furnaces, with an air blast; but the traffic in coal as an article of general use, was commenced by Abijah Smith, of Plymouth.\"", "Cheeses of Mexico __knowledge__ Cheeses in Mexico have a history that begins with the Spanish conquest, as dairy products were unknown in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica.", "Cheeses of Mexico __knowledge__ The Spanish brought dairy animals, such as cattle, sheep, and goats, as well as cheesemaking techniques.", "Cheeses of Mexico __knowledge__ Over the colonial period, cheesemaking was modified to suit the mixed European and indigenous tastes of the inhabitants of New Spain, varying by region.", "Cheeses of Mexico __knowledge__ This blending and variations have given rise to a number of varieties of Mexican cheeses.", "Cheeses of Mexico __knowledge__ These are most popular in the country, although European cheeses are made, as well.", "Cheeses of Mexico __knowledge__ Almost all cheese in Mexico is made with cows’ milk, with some made from goats’ milk.", "Pizza cheese __knowledge__ Pizza cheese encompasses several varieties and types of cheeses and dairy products that are designed and manufactured for use specifically on pizza.", "Pizza cheese __knowledge__ These include processed and modified cheese such as mozzarella-like processed cheeses and mozzarella variants.", "Pizza cheese __knowledge__ The term can also refer to any type of cheese suitable for use on pizza.", "Pizza cheese __knowledge__ The most popular cheeses used in the preparation of pizza are mozzarella (accounting for about 30%), provolone, cheddar and Parmesan.", "Pizza cheese __knowledge__ Emmental, Romano and ricotta are often used as toppings, and processed pizza cheeses manufactured specifically for pizza are mass-produced.", "Beecher's Handmade Cheese __knowledge__ Beecher's Handmade Cheese is an artisan cheesemaker and retail shop with locations in the Pike Place Market, Seattle, Washington and New York City's Flatiron District.", "Beecher's Handmade Cheese __knowledge__ The company was founded by Kurt Beecher Dammeier in 2003 and opened in the Pike Place Market after Dammeier obtained a difficult to obtain storefront lease in the Market.", "Beecher's Handmade Cheese __knowledge__ Because Dammeier had never been a cheesemaker, he sought out the assistance of Brad Sinko, who helped run a family cheese-making business in Oregon.", "Beecher's Handmade Cheese __knowledge__ A second location was opened in 2011 in the Flatiron neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City.", "Beecher's Handmade Cheese __knowledge__ Unlike most artisan cheese makers, Beecher's mainly uses pasteurized milk and operates a high-volume modern production facility, with multiple farms supplying milk.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Cheese is a food derived from milk that is produced in a wide range of flavors, textures, and forms by coagulation of the milk protein casein.", "Cheese __knowledge__ It comprises proteins and fat from milk, usually the milk of cows, buffalo, goats, or sheep.", "Cheese __knowledge__ During production, the milk is usually acidified, and adding the enzyme rennet causes coagulation.", "Cheese __knowledge__ The solids are separated and pressed into final form.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Some cheeses have molds on the rind, the outer layer, or throughout.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Most cheeses melt at cooking temperature.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Hundreds of types of cheese from various countries are produced.", "Cheese __knowledge__ Their styles, textures and flavors depend on the origin of the milk (including the animal's diet), whether they have been pasteurized, the butterfat content, the bacteria and mold, the processing, and aging.", "Cheddar cheese __knowledge__ Cheddar cheese is a relatively hard, off-white (or orange if spices such as annatto are added), sometimes sharp-tasting (i.e., bitter), natural cheese.", "Cheddar cheese __knowledge__ Originating in the English village of Cheddar in Somerset, cheeses of this style are produced beyond this region and in several countries around the world.", "Cheddar cheese __knowledge__ Cheddar is the most popular type of cheese in the UK, accounting for 51% of the country's £1.9 billion annual cheese market.", "Cheddar cheese __knowledge__ It is the second-most popular cheese in the US (behind mozzarella), with an average annual consumption of per capita.", "Cheddar cheese __knowledge__ The US produced approximately in 2014, and the UK in 2008.", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Mexican street food, called \"antojitos\" (literally \"little cravings\"), is prepared by street vendors and at small traditional markets in that country.", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Street foods include tacos, tamales, gorditas, quesadillas, empalmes, tostadas, chalupa, elote, tlayudas, cemita, pambazo, empanada, nachos, chilaquiles，fajita and tortas, as well as fresh fruit, vegetables, beverages and soups (menudo, pozole and pancita).", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Most are available in the morning and the evening, as mid-afternoon is the time for the main formal meal of the day.", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Mexico has one of the most extensive street food cultures in Latin America, and \"Forbes\" named Mexico City as one of the foremost cities on the world in which to eat on the street.", "Wheat tortilla __knowledge__ A flour tortilla (, ; or wheat tortilla to differentiate it from other uses of the word \"tortilla\", which in Spanish means \"small \"torta\"\", or \"small cake\") is a type of soft, thin flatbread made from finely ground wheat flour from Mexico.", "Wheat tortilla __knowledge__ The wheat flour tortilla was originally derived from the corn tortilla, a bread of maize which predates the arrival of Europeans to the Americas.", "Wheat tortilla __knowledge__ It is made with an unleavened, water based dough, pressed and cooked like corn tortillas.", "Wheat tortilla __knowledge__ In Spanish the word \"tortilla\", without qualification, has different meanings in different regions.", "Wheat tortilla __knowledge__ In Spain it is an omelette; in Mexico and Central America it is a corn tortilla; and in many other places a flour tortilla.", "Corn tortilla __knowledge__ In North America and Central America, a tortilla is a type of thin, unleavened flatbread, made from finely ground maize (corn).", "Corn tortilla __knowledge__ In Guatemala and Mexico, there are three colors of maize dough for making tortillas: white maize, yellow maize and blue maize (or black maize).", "Corn tortilla __knowledge__ A similar bread from South America, called \"arepa\" (though \"arepas\" are typically much thicker than tortillas), predates the arrival of Europeans to America, and was called \"tortilla\" by the Spanish from its resemblance to the traditional Spanish round, unleavened cakes and omelettes (originally made without potatoes, which are native to South America).", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ Mexican cuisine began 9,000 years ago, 7,000 BCE, when agricultural communities such as the Maya formed, domesticating maize, creating the standard process of corn nixtamalization, and establishing their foodways.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ Successive waves of other Mesoamerican groups, including the Olmec, Teotihuacanos, Toltec, Huastec, Zapotec, Mixtec, Otomi, and Purépecha, brought with them their own cooking methods.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ The Mexica establishment of the Aztec Empire created a multi-ethnic society where many different foodways became infused.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ The staples are native foods, such as corn, beans, squash, amaranth, chia, avocados, tomatoes, tomatillos, chocolate, vanilla, agave, turkey, sweet potato, cactus, and chili pepper.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Nachos __knowledge__ Nachos are a Mexican dish from northern Mexico.", "Nachos __knowledge__ The dish consists of tortilla chips (or \"totopos\") covered with cheese or cheese-based sauce, and is often served as a snack.", "Nachos __knowledge__ More elaborate versions add more ingredients and can be served as a main dish.", "Nachos __knowledge__ Ignacio \"Nacho\" Anaya is credited with creating the dish in about 1943.", "Nachos __knowledge__ The original nachos consisted of fried corn tortillas covered with melted cheese and sliced jalapeño peppers.", "Nachos __knowledge__ Nachos originated in the city of Piedras Negras, Coahuila, Mexico, just over the border from Eagle Pass, Texas.", "Nachos __knowledge__ In 1943, the wives of U.S. soldiers stationed at Fort Duncan in nearby Eagle Pass were in Piedras Negras on a shopping trip, and arrived at the restaurant after it had already closed for the day.", "Nachos __knowledge__ The \"maître d'hôtel\", Ignacio \"Nacho\" Anaya, invented a new snack for them with what little he had available in the kitchen: tortillas and cheese.", "Nachos __knowledge__ Anaya cut the tortillas into triangles, fried them, added shredded cheddar cheese, quickly heated them, added sliced pickled jalapeño peppers, and served them.", "Nachos __knowledge__ When asked what the dish was called, he answered, \"Nacho's \"especiales\"\".", "Nachos __knowledge__ As word of the dish traveled, the apostrophe was lost, and Nacho's \"specials\" became \"special nachos\".", "Respect (Joel Turner song) __knowledge__ \"Respect\" is the fourth single from Joel Turner and the Modern Day Poets' self-titled debut album.", "Respect (Joel Turner song) __knowledge__ The verses are performed by the Modern Day Poets (MDP), with Turner contributing the chorus, bass and beatbox backing.", "Respect (Joel Turner song) __knowledge__ A piano riff was supplied by Mefi Puni and Bryan Bouro.", "Respect (Joel Turner song) __knowledge__ The song is essentially a social comment on the lack of respect that exists within the hip-hop community.", "Respect (Joel Turner song) __knowledge__ It also alludes to the gang wars that have claimed the lives of several American rappers, and is a warning and a plea that the Australian hip-hop scene does not follow suit.", "Respect (Joel Turner song) __knowledge__ On release, the single's video caused a slight controversy, as some people criticized the use of images of murdered rapper Tupac Shakur,But what the critics didn't know, Joel Turner's cousin Chris Heiner A.K.A C4 now known as 3am in the Valley called Video Hits Host at the time (Axle Whitehead) to pull the clip off air as Joel Turner and the Modern Day Poets were unaware that the Tupac and Biggie footage was put together and organised by Mark Holden.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The 2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously \"Alabama\", \"UA\", \"Bama\" or \"The Tide\") represented the University of Alabama in the 2011 NCAA Division I FBS football season.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ It was the Crimson Tide's 117th overall and 78th season as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and its 20th within the SEC Western Division.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The team was led by head coach Nick Saban, in his fifth year, and played their home games at Bryant–Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.", "2011 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ They finished the season with a record of twelve wins and one loss (12–1 overall, 7–1 in the SEC) and as consensus national champions.", "DONT __knowledge__ In the card game contract bridge, DONT is a conventional overcall used to interfere with an opponent's one notrump (1NT) opening bid.", "DONT __knowledge__ DONT, an acronym for Disturb Opponents' Notrump, was designed by Marty Bergen, and is therefore also referred to as \"Bergen over Notrump\".", "DONT __knowledge__ Although the method is often criticized for being too nebulous, it remains fairly popular.", "DONT __knowledge__ The convention was first published in the September/October 1989 issue of \"Bridge Today\".", "DONT __knowledge__ In DONT, the two-level overcalls of trump show a two suiter of the suit bid and an unspecified higher-ranking suit.", "DONT __knowledge__ The feature distinguishing DONT from other similar conventions such as Cappelletti is the use of the double to show length in one suit, rather than hand strength or for .", "Two Futures Project __knowledge__ The Two Futures Project (2FP) is a movement made up of American Christians who support and work towards the abolition of all nuclear weapons.", "Two Futures Project __knowledge__ This organization believes that human beings face two futures and one choice: a world without nuclear weapons or a world ruined by them.", "Two Futures Project __knowledge__ 2FP is supportive of concrete and practical steps to reduce nuclear dangers immediately, while pursuing the multilateral, global, irreversible, and verifiable elimination of nuclear weapons, as a biblically-grounded mandate and as a contemporary security imperative.", "Two Futures Project __knowledge__ In order to make these changes in the world they are using a strategy based around the creation of a non-partisan, conscience-driven, enduring majority of Americans who are committed to a nuclear weapons-free world.", "French pronouns __knowledge__ French pronouns are inflected to indicate their role in the sentence (subject, direct object, and so on), as well as to reflect the person, gender, and number of their referents.", "French pronouns __knowledge__ French has a complex system of personal pronouns (analogous to English \"I\", \"we\", \"they\", and so on).", "French pronouns __knowledge__ When compared to English, the particularities of French personal pronouns include: Possessive pronouns refer to an object (or person) by identifying its possessor.", "French pronouns __knowledge__ They lexically indicate the person and number of the possessor, and like other pronouns they are inflected to indicate the gender and number of their referent.", "Jakob Dont __knowledge__ Jakob Dont (March 2, 1815 – November 17, 1888) was an Austrian violinist, composer, and teacher.", "Jakob Dont __knowledge__ He was born and died in Vienna.", "Jakob Dont __knowledge__ His father Valentin Dont was a noted cellist.", "Jakob Dont __knowledge__ Jakob was a student of Josef Böhm (1795–1876) and of Georg Hellmesberger (1800–1873).", "Jakob Dont __knowledge__ At the age of sixteen, he became a member of the Hofburgtheater orchestra and in 1834 entered service at the Vienna Hofkapelle.", "Jakob Dont __knowledge__ During this time Dont appeared frequently as a soloist.", "Jakob Dont __knowledge__ Despite his success, he decided against a career as a soloist.", "Jakob Dont __knowledge__ In 1853 he became a professor at the \"Pädagogisches Institut\" in Vienna.", "Jakob Dont __knowledge__ From 1871, Dont was employed at the \"Wiener Konservatorium\".", "2010 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The 2010 Alabama Crimson Tide football team (variously \"Alabama\", \"UA\", \"Bama\" or \"The Tide\") represented the University of Alabama in the 2010 NCAA Division I FBS football season.", "2010 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ It was the Crimson Tide's 116th overall season, 77th as a member of the Southeastern Conference (SEC) and its 19th within the SEC Western Division.", "2010 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ The team was led by head coach Nick Saban, in his fourth year, and played their home games at Bryant–Denny Stadium in Tuscaloosa, Alabama.", "2010 Alabama Crimson Tide football team __knowledge__ They finished the season with a record of ten wins and three losses (10–3, 5–3 in the SEC) and defeated Michigan State 49–7 in the Capital One Bowl.", "Field ration __knowledge__ A field ration, combat ration or ration pack is a canned or pre-packaged meal, easily prepared and eaten, transported by military troops on the battlefield.", "Field ration __knowledge__ They are distinguished from regular military rations by virtue of being designed for minimal preparation in the field, using canned, pre-cooked or freeze-dried foods, powdered beverage mixes and concentrated food bars, as well as for long shelf life.", "Field ration __knowledge__ Such meals also prove invaluable for disaster relief operations, where large stocks of these can be ferried and distributed easily, and provide basic nutritional support to victims before kitchens can be set up to produce fresh food.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ Filipino cuisine (Filipino: \"Lutuing Filipino\" or \"Pagkaing Filipino\") is composed of the cuisines of 135 distinct ethno-linguistic tribes found within the Philippine archipelago, however, majority of mainstream Filipino dishes that compose Filipino cuisine are from the cuisines of the Bikol, Chabakano, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Meranaw, Pangasinan, Sebwano (or Bisaya), Tagalog, and Waray ethno-linguistic tribes.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ The style of cooking and the food associated with it have evolved over many centuries from their Austronesian origins (shared with Malaysian and Indonesian cuisines) to a mixed cuisine of Indian, Chinese, Spanish, and American influences, in line with the major waves of influence that had enriched the cultures of the archipelago, as well as others adapted to indigenous ingredients and the local palate.", "Lunch __knowledge__ Lunch, the abbreviation for luncheon, is a meal typically eaten at midday.", "Lunch __knowledge__ The origin of the words \"lunch\" and \"luncheon\" relate to a small snack originally eaten at any time of the day or night.", "Lunch __knowledge__ During the 20th century, the meaning gradually narrowed to a small or mid-sized meal eaten at midday.", "Lunch __knowledge__ Lunch is commonly the second meal of the day, after breakfast.", "Lunch __knowledge__ The meal varies in size depending on the culture, and significant variations exist in different areas of the world.", "Lunch __knowledge__ The abbreviation \"lunch\" is taken from the more formal Northern English word \"luncheon\", which is derived from the Anglo-Saxon word \"nuncheon\" or \"nunchin\" meaning 'noon drink'.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Cassava-based dishes __knowledge__ A great variety of cassava-based dishes are consumed in the regions where cassava (manioc, \"Manihot esculenta\") is cultivated, and they include many national or ethnic specialities.", "Cassava-based dishes __knowledge__ As a food ingredient, cassava root is somewhat similar to the potato, in that, like the potato, it is starchy, inedible when raw, and bland in flavor when cooked.", "Cassava-based dishes __knowledge__ Indeed, cassava can replace the potato in many dishes and can be prepared in similar ways – it can be boiled, mashed, fried or baked.", "Cassava-based dishes __knowledge__ Unlike the potato, however, cassava is mostly a tropical crop, and its peculiar characteristics have led to some unique recipes, such as sweet puddings, which have no common potato version.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"" ] ]

[ 2, 2, 3 ]

[ "I love to make tortillas with cheese and meat Nachos", "Most of the world serves them as a snack but I like them for a meal", "I like to make the more elaborate version with peppers and several kinds of meat" ]

[ "Nachos", "Nachos", "Nachos" ]

[ "Honda\nMy Mom used to drive a Honda Accord. The engine was so reliable the bottom of the car rusted out and the engine was still perfect!", "Very well built cars. What other products do they manufacture?", "Very versatile company. I don't know the Acura - must check it out. Do they manufacture in the US at all?", "I drive a Mitsubishi Outlander and love it. It's the 2nd Mitsubishi I've had - the first one 16 years. Another great company. How about yourself?", "I didn't know my wee car was renamed! Do you like your car? Funny, when I think of Buick I think of trucks!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda has been the world's largest motorcycle manufacturer since 1959, as well as the world's largest manufacturer of internal combustion engines measured by volume, producing more than 14 million internal combustion engines each year.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda became the second-largest Japanese automobile manufacturer in 2001.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the eighth largest automobile manufacturer in the world behind Toyota, Volkswagen Group, Hyundai Motor Group, General Motors, Ford, Nissan, and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles in 2015.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the first Japanese automobile manufacturer to release a dedicated luxury brand, Acura, in 1986.", "Honda __knowledge__ Aside from their core automobile and motorcycle businesses, Honda also manufactures garden equipment, marine engines, personal watercraft and power generators, and other products.", "Honda __knowledge__ Since 1986, Honda has been involved with artificial intelligence/robotics research and released their ASIMO robot in 2000.", "Honda __knowledge__ They have also ventured into aerospace with the establishment of GE Honda Aero Engines in 2004 and the Honda HA-420 HondaJet, which began production in 2012.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda has three joint-ventures in China (Honda China, Dongfeng Honda, and Guangqi Honda).", "Honda __knowledge__ In 2013, Honda invested about 5.7% (US$6.8 billion) of its revenues in research and development.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ The Honda Accord is a series of automobiles manufactured by Honda since 1976, best known for its four-door sedan variant, which has been one of the best-selling cars in the United States since 1989.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ The Accord nameplate has been applied to a variety of vehicles worldwide, including coupes, wagons, hatchbacks and a crossover.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ Since initiation, Honda has offered several different car body styles and versions of the Accord, and often vehicles marketed under the Accord nameplate concurrently in different regions differ quite substantially.", "Honda Accord __knowledge__ It debuted in 1976 as a compact hatchback, though this style only lasted through 1989, as the line-up was expanded to include a sedan, coupé, and wagon.", "Honda Legend __knowledge__ The Honda Legend is a V6-engined full-size car produced by the Japanese automaker Honda since 1985 that currently serves as its flagship vehicle and provides the basis for the Acura Legend, RL and RLX the flagship vehicle of Honda's luxury Acura division in North America.", "Honda Legend __knowledge__ The first-generation Legend, introduced to Japan October 22, 1985, was the first production Honda vehicle to offer only a SOHC V6 engine worldwide.", "Honda Legend __knowledge__ The introduction of the Legend also coincided with the launch of a new dealership sales channel in Japan, called \"Honda Clio\".", "Honda Legend __knowledge__ The Legend was the result of a joint venture with Britain's Austin Rover Group called Project XX that started in November 1981 with the Austin Rover-Honda XX letter of intent signed by the two companies to replace the Rover SD1 and to provide a luxury vehicle for Honda, and was codenamed as HX.", "Honda F engine __knowledge__ The Honda F-Series engine was considered Honda's \"big block\" SOHC inline four, though lower production DOHC versions of the F-series were built.", "Honda F engine __knowledge__ It features a solid iron or aluminum open deck cast iron sleeved block and aluminum/magnesium cylinder head.", "Honda F engine __knowledge__ This engine was also used in the Rover 618i, assembled in Swindon at the Honda facility.", "Honda F engine __knowledge__ This engine was used for the Honda Accord 1.8 VTS/VTE in Japan.", "Honda F engine __knowledge__ Also found in the European Honda Accord VTEC S. The F18B won the 1.4-1.8 L category of the International Engine of the Year competition for 2000.", "Honda F engine __knowledge__ This engine series was used in the Accord, Ascot Innova and Prelude in Japan and Europe.", "Honda Accord (North America seventh generation) __knowledge__ In the U.S., the seventh generation North American Honda Accord is a mid-size car that was available from 2002 to 2007 in both coupe and sedan styles.", "Honda Accord (North America seventh generation) __knowledge__ The sedan was also marketed as the Honda Accord in parts of Latin America, Asia, Middle East, Caribbean, Australia and New Zealand markets, also being related to the Honda Inspire available in Japan from 2003.", "Honda Accord (North America seventh generation) __knowledge__ The North American Honda Accord, with modifications for local market needs, was the launch vehicle of Honda in the Korean market with sales beginning from May 20, 2004.", "Honda Accord (North America seventh generation) __knowledge__ Production started in Honda's Marysville Auto Plant.", "Honda Accord (North America seventh generation) __knowledge__ In early 2005, Honda's East Liberty Auto Plant started building the Honda Accord Sedan on the same assembly line that produces Civic and Element to increase Honda's flexibility in meeting increased market demand of Acura TL that was also assembled in the Marysville Plant.", "Honda Accord (North America eighth generation) __knowledge__ The North American eighth generation Honda Accord is a mid-size car (full-size sedan and mid-size coupe in the US) introduced for the 2008 model year.", "Honda Accord (North America eighth generation) __knowledge__ It is also marketed in parts of Asia and as the Honda Inspire in Japan.", "Honda Accord (North America eighth generation) __knowledge__ The size of the 2008 Accord has been increased by in length and in width.", "Honda Accord (North America eighth generation) __knowledge__ As a result, the interior space is also enlarged: an Accord sedan is considered a full-size car by EPA standards, having a combined interior space of .", "Honda Accord (North America eighth generation) __knowledge__ The Accord coupe is classified as a mid-size car, as it has a combined interior space of .", "Honda Accord (North America eighth generation) __knowledge__ A hybrid version is no longer offered, as Honda felt their \"hybrid system works better on smaller cars\".", "Honda Inspire __knowledge__ The Honda Inspire is a luxury sedan introduced by Honda in 1990 derived from Honda Accord chassis.", "Honda Inspire __knowledge__ The first Inspire debuted in 1990 as the Accord Inspire, a sister nameplate to the Honda Vigor, but sold at different retail channels in Japan, known as \"Honda Verno\" for the Vigor/Saber, and the Inspire at \"Honda Clio\" stores.", "Honda Inspire __knowledge__ The Inspire was developed during what was known in Japan as the Japanese asset price bubble or \"bubble economy\".", "Honda Inspire __knowledge__ In 1995 the Inspire was updated by the second generation model, on a platform it shared with the Honda Legend, and exported to the US as the Acura 3.2 TL, while the Vigor nameplate was replaced with the Honda Saber." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda has been the world's largest motorcycle manufacturer since 1959, as well as the world's largest manufacturer of internal combustion engines measured by volume, producing more than 14 million internal combustion engines each year.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda became the second-largest Japanese automobile manufacturer in 2001.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the eighth largest automobile manufacturer in the world behind Toyota, Volkswagen Group, Hyundai Motor Group, General Motors, Ford, Nissan, and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles in 2015.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the first Japanese automobile manufacturer to release a dedicated luxury brand, Acura, in 1986.", "Honda __knowledge__ Aside from their core automobile and motorcycle businesses, Honda also manufactures garden equipment, marine engines, personal watercraft and power generators, and other products.", "Honda __knowledge__ Since 1986, Honda has been involved with artificial intelligence/robotics research and released their ASIMO robot in 2000.", "Honda __knowledge__ They have also ventured into aerospace with the establishment of GE Honda Aero Engines in 2004 and the Honda HA-420 HondaJet, which began production in 2012.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda has three joint-ventures in China (Honda China, Dongfeng Honda, and Guangqi Honda).", "Honda __knowledge__ In 2013, Honda invested about 5.7% (US$6.8 billion) of its revenues in research and development.", "Ngurah Rai International Airport __knowledge__ Ngurah Rai International Airport () , officially known as I Gusti Ngurah Rai International Airport, is the main airport in Bali, located 13 km south of Denpasar.", "Ngurah Rai International Airport __knowledge__ Ngurah Rai is the second busiest airport in Indonesia after Soekarno–Hatta International Airport.", "Ngurah Rai International Airport __knowledge__ In first half year of 2017, the airport served 10,156,686 passengers.", "Ngurah Rai International Airport __knowledge__ The airport has category IX and is capable of serving wide-body aircraft including the Airbus A380.", "Ngurah Rai International Airport __knowledge__ Airport Council International has awarded Ngurah Rai International Airport as the world’s third best airport (with 15-25 million passengers each year) in 2016 based on their services.", "Budd Company __knowledge__ The Budd Company was a 20th-century metal fabricator, a major supplier of body components to the automobile industry and a manufacturer of stainless steel passenger rail cars, airframes, missile and space vehicles, various defense products.", "Budd Company __knowledge__ Budd was founded in 1912 in Philadelphia by Edward G. Budd, whose fame came from his development of the first all-steel automobile bodies in 1913 and, in the 1930s, his company's invention of the \"shotweld\" technique for joining pieces of stainless steel without damaging its anti-corrosion properties.", "Budd Company __knowledge__ Budd Company became part of Budd Thyssen in 1978 and in 1999 a part of ThyssenKrupp Budd.", "Studebaker __knowledge__ Studebaker (1852–1967) ) was an American wagon and automobile manufacturer based in South Bend, Indiana.", "Studebaker __knowledge__ Founded in 1852 and incorporated in 1868 under the name of the Studebaker Brothers Manufacturing Company, the company was originally a producer of wagons for farmers, miners, and the military.", "Studebaker __knowledge__ Studebaker entered the automotive business in 1902 with electric vehicles and in 1904 with gasoline vehicles, all sold under the name \"Studebaker Automobile Company\".", "Studebaker __knowledge__ Until 1911, its automotive division operated in partnership with the Garford Company of Elyria, Ohio, and after 1909 with the E-M-F Company.", "I Gede Ngurah Swajaya __knowledge__ I Gede Ngurah Swajaya also known as Ngurah Swajaya, (born 11 March 1962, Bali, Indonesia) is the first Indonesian Ambassador to ASEAN as of March 2010.", "I Gede Ngurah Swajaya __knowledge__ Ngurah was born in Singaraja, Bali, Indonesia.", "I Gede Ngurah Swajaya __knowledge__ He is the eldest son of I Gede Kawijaya,S.H, who also served as a civil servant with the last position as the chief of the National Land Agency for the Provincial Government of Bali.", "I Gede Ngurah Swajaya __knowledge__ Ngurah was raised as a child in Surabaya and Bali with three of his younger brothers.", "I Gede Ngurah Swajaya __knowledge__ Ngurah attended one of the best known university in Bali, Udayana University from 1981-1986 majoring in law, and later got his master's degree as Master of Arts (MA), from the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.", "Nissan Bluebird __knowledge__ The Nissan Bluebird is a compact car with a model name introduced in 1957.", "Nissan Bluebird __knowledge__ It has been Nissan's most internationally recognized sedan, in multiple body styles, and is known for its dependability and durability.", "Nissan Bluebird __knowledge__ The Bluebird originated from Nissan's first vehicles, dating to the early 1900s, and its traditional competitor became the Toyota Corona.", "Nissan Bluebird __knowledge__ The Bluebird was positioned to compete with the Corona, as the Corona was developed to continue offering a sedan used as a taxi since Toyota Crown was growing in size.", "Nissan Bluebird __knowledge__ Every generation of the Bluebird has been available as a taxi, duties that are shared with base level Nissan Cedrics.", "Daimler Company __knowledge__ The Daimler Company Limited, until 1910, the Daimler Motor Company Limited, was an independent British motor vehicle manufacturer founded in London by H. J. Lawson in 1896, which set up its manufacturing base in Coventry.", "Daimler Company __knowledge__ The company bought the right to the use of the Daimler name simultaneously from Gottlieb Daimler and Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft of Cannstatt, Germany.", "Daimler Company __knowledge__ After early financial difficulty and a reorganisation of the company in 1904, the Daimler Motor Company was purchased by Birmingham Small Arms Company (BSA) in 1910, which also made cars under its own name before World War II.", "Kit and replica cars of New Zealand __knowledge__ New Zealand had a long history of small garages and vehicle enthusiasts modifying and creating sports and sports racing cars.", "Kit and replica cars of New Zealand __knowledge__ Out of these interests grew the New Zealand kit and replica car industry with the introduction of fibre-glass car bodies in the 1950s.", "Kit and replica cars of New Zealand __knowledge__ In the early 1950s, with the advent of fibreglass bodied cars, a new opportunity arose for local companies associated with car enthusiasts to create car bodies.", "Kit and replica cars of New Zealand __knowledge__ Among the first of these early manufacturers was Weltex Plastics Limited of Christchurch, which imported a Microplas Mistral sports car mould and began making bodies and chassis in 1956, along with Brian Jarvis.", "Automotive industry by country __knowledge__ This article provides an overview of the automotive industry in countries around the world.", "Automotive industry by country __knowledge__ The United States was the world's largest automobile producer by volume from the early years of the 20th century until the 1980s, when it was overtaken by Japan.", "Automotive industry by country __knowledge__ In 2009, China became the world's largest vehicle producer.", "Automotive industry by country __knowledge__ Algeria's automotive industry is among the largest on the African continent (together with South Africa, Egypt and Morocco) and can exceed 500,000 units a year.", "Automotive industry by country __knowledge__ Renault is the largest manufacturer with an estimated 25.5 percent of the national car market.", "Automotive industry by country __knowledge__ Other carmakers represented there include Volkswagen (second largest), Peugeot, Hyundai (fifth largest), Nissan, and Fiat.", "Automotive industry in the United States __knowledge__ The automotive industry in the United States began in the 1890s and, as a result of the size of the domestic market and the use of mass-production, rapidly evolved into the largest in the world.", "Automotive industry in the United States __knowledge__ However, the United States was overtaken as the largest automobile producer by Japan in the 1980s, and subsequently by China in 2008.", "Automotive industry in the United States __knowledge__ The U.S. is currently second among the largest manufacturer in the world by volume, with approximately 8-10 million manufactured annually.", "Automotive industry in the United States __knowledge__ Notable exceptions were 5.7 million automobiles manufactured in 2009 (due to crisis), and peak production levels of 13-15 million units during the 1970s and early 2000s.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ A hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is a type of hybrid vehicle that combines a conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) system with an electric propulsion system (hybrid vehicle drivetrain).", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ The presence of the electric powertrain is intended to achieve either better fuel economy than a conventional vehicle or better performance.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ There is a variety of HEV types, and the degree to which each functions as an electric vehicle (EV) also varies.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ The most common form of HEV is the hybrid electric car, although hybrid electric trucks (pickups and tractors) and buses also exist.", "Hybrid electric vehicle __knowledge__ Modern HEVs make use of efficiency-improving technologies such as regenerative brakes which convert the vehicle's kinetic energy to electric energy to charge the battery.", "FAW Group __knowledge__ FAW Group Corporation is a Chinese state-owned automotive manufacturing company headquartered in Changchun, Jilin, China.", "FAW Group __knowledge__ Its principal products are automobiles; buses; light, medium, and heavy-duty trucks; and auto parts.", "FAW Group __knowledge__ FAW became China's first automobile manufacturer when it unveiled the nation's first domestically produced passenger car, the Hong Qi, in 1958.", "FAW Group __knowledge__ FAW is one of the \"Big Four\" Chinese automakers alongside Changan Automobile, Dongfeng Motor, and SAIC Motor.", "FAW Group __knowledge__ In 2014, the company ranked third in terms of output making 2.7 million whole vehicles.", "FAW Group __knowledge__ The company has three publicly traded subsidiaries: FAW Car Co., Ltd. (), Tianjin FAW Xiali Automobile Co., Ltd. (), and Changchun FAWAY Automobile Components Co., Ltd. ().", "Automotive industry in Malaysia __knowledge__ The automotive industry in Malaysia consists of 27 vehicle producers and over 640 component manufacturers.", "Automotive industry in Malaysia __knowledge__ The Malaysian automotive industry is the third largest in Southeast Asia, and the 23rd largest in the world, with an annual production output of over 500,000 vehicles.", "Automotive industry in Malaysia __knowledge__ The automotive industry contributes 4% or RM 40 billion to Malaysia's GDP, and employs a workforce of over 700,000 throughout a nationwide ecosystem.", "Automotive industry in Malaysia __knowledge__ The automotive industry in Malaysia traces its origins back to the British Malayan colonial era.", "Automotive industry in Malaysia __knowledge__ Ford Malaya became the first automobile assembly plant in Southeast Asia upon its establishment in Singapore in 1926.", "Manufacturing in Japan __knowledge__ Japan's major export industries include automobiles, consumer electronics (see Electronics industry in Japan), computers, semiconductors, copper, iron and steel.", "Manufacturing in Japan __knowledge__ Additional key industries in Japan's economy are petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, bioindustry, shipbuilding, aerospace, textiles, and processed foods.", "Manufacturing in Japan __knowledge__ Japanese manufacturing industry is heavily dependent on imported raw materials and fuels.", "Manufacturing in Japan __knowledge__ Japan dominated world shipbuilding in the late 1980s, filling more than half of all orders worldwide.", "Manufacturing in Japan __knowledge__ Its closest competitors were South Korea and Spain, with 9 percent and 5.2 percent of the market, respectively." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda has been the world's largest motorcycle manufacturer since 1959, as well as the world's largest manufacturer of internal combustion engines measured by volume, producing more than 14 million internal combustion engines each year.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda became the second-largest Japanese automobile manufacturer in 2001.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the eighth largest automobile manufacturer in the world behind Toyota, Volkswagen Group, Hyundai Motor Group, General Motors, Ford, Nissan, and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles in 2015.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the first Japanese automobile manufacturer to release a dedicated luxury brand, Acura, in 1986.", "Honda __knowledge__ Aside from their core automobile and motorcycle businesses, Honda also manufactures garden equipment, marine engines, personal watercraft and power generators, and other products.", "Honda __knowledge__ Since 1986, Honda has been involved with artificial intelligence/robotics research and released their ASIMO robot in 2000.", "Honda __knowledge__ They have also ventured into aerospace with the establishment of GE Honda Aero Engines in 2004 and the Honda HA-420 HondaJet, which began production in 2012.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda has three joint-ventures in China (Honda China, Dongfeng Honda, and Guangqi Honda).", "Honda __knowledge__ In 2013, Honda invested about 5.7% (US$6.8 billion) of its revenues in research and development.", "Acura __knowledge__ Acura is the luxury vehicle marque of Japanese automaker Honda.", "Acura __knowledge__ The brand was launched in the United States and Canada in March 1986, marketing luxury, performance, and high-performance vehicles.", "Acura __knowledge__ It was introduced to Hong Kong in 1991, Mexico in 2004, China in 2006, Russia in 2014 and Kuwait in 2015, and is also sold in Ukraine.", "Acura __knowledge__ Honda's plan to introduce Acura to the Japanese domestic market (JDM) in 2008 was delayed, due to economic reasons, and later withheld as a result of the 2008 financial crisis.", "Acura __knowledge__ Acura holds the distinction of being the first Japanese automotive luxury brand.", "Acura __knowledge__ The creation of Acura coincided with the introduction of a JDM Honda dealership sales channel, called Honda Clio, which sold luxury vehicles, joining previously established Honda Verno, followed by Honda Primo the following year.", "Acura RL __knowledge__ The Acura RL is a full-size luxury sedan that was manufactured by the Acura division of Honda for the 1996–2012 model years over two generations.", "Acura RL __knowledge__ The RL was the flagship of the marque, having succeeded the Acura Legend, and was replaced in 2013 by the Acura RLX.", "Acura RL __knowledge__ All models of the Legend, RL and RLX lines have been adapted from the Japanese domestic market Honda Legend.", "Acura RL __knowledge__ The model name \"RL\" is an abbreviation for \"Refined Luxury.\"", "Acura RL __knowledge__ The first-generation Acura RL was a rebadged version of the third-generation Honda Legend, and was first introduced to the North American market in 1996, to replace the second-generation Acura Legend.", "SH-AWD __knowledge__ Super Handling-All Wheel Drive or SH-AWD is a full-time, fully automatic all-wheel drive traction and handling system designed and engineered by Honda Motor Company.", "SH-AWD __knowledge__ The company describes SH-AWD as a system \"... that provides cornering performance that responds faithfully to driver input, and outstanding vehicle stability.", "SH-AWD __knowledge__ A world's second (after Mitsubishi AWC), the SH-AWD system combines front-rear torque distribution control with independently regulated torque distribution to the left and right rear wheels to freely distribute the optimum amount of torque to all four wheels in accordance with driving conditions.\"", "Honda Integra __knowledge__ The Honda Integra (sold in some markets as Acura Integra and Rover 416i) is an automobile produced by Japanese automobile manufacturer Honda from 1985 to 2006.", "Honda Integra __knowledge__ It succeeded the Honda Quint as the slightly larger derivative of the Civic and each generation of the Integra was derived from the contemporary generation of the Civic.", "Honda Integra __knowledge__ Being more luxurious and sports-oriented than the Quint, the Integra was one of the launch models for Acura in 1986, along with the Legend.", "Honda Integra __knowledge__ Throughout its life, the Integra was highly regarded for its handling and performance.", "Honda Integra __knowledge__ The Integra came in up to five trim levels; RS, LS, GS, GS-R and Type-R, depending on model year and market.", "Acura TL __knowledge__ The Acura TL is a mid-size luxury car that was manufactured by Acura.", "Acura TL __knowledge__ It was introduced in 1995 to replace the Acura Vigor and was badged for the Japanese-market from 1996 to 2000 as the Honda Inspire and from 1996 to 2004 as the Honda Saber.", "Acura TL __knowledge__ The TL was Acura's best-selling model until it was outsold by the MDX in 2007.", "Acura TL __knowledge__ While it once ranked as the second best-selling luxury sedan in the United States behind the BMW 3 Series, sales have decreased by over 50% since then.", "Acura TL __knowledge__ TL sales have been negatively affected by both the recession as well as negative publicity due to styling issues in the latest generation.", "Acura TSX __knowledge__ The Acura TSX is a medium-sized entry-level luxury car that was manufactured by Acura.", "Acura TSX __knowledge__ Introduced in April 2003 as a 2004 model, it was sold only in the United States and Canada, but since the 2009 model year it has also been available in Mexico.", "Acura TSX __knowledge__ It is also sold in Guam and Puerto Rico.", "Acura TSX __knowledge__ It is sold in North America under the Acura luxury marque, where it filled the gap as Acura's 4-door, entry-level sedan when the Integra sedan was discontinued in 2001 (1996 in Canada since the EL was the Integra sedan's replacement there).", "Acura TSX __knowledge__ The TSX would also eventually replace the Acura RSX in the US (which in turn succeeded the Acura Integra coupe).", "Acura ARX-01 __knowledge__ The Acura ARX-01, later known as the HPD ARX-01 is a series of Le Mans Prototype built for sports car racing, specifically in the American Le Mans Series, Le Mans Series, and at the 24 Hours of Le Mans.", "Acura ARX-01 __knowledge__ It is the first purpose-built race car by the Acura division of Honda Motor Company, part of their multi-year program to eventually compete in endurance race.", "Acura ARX-01 __knowledge__ The car debuted in 2007 in the American Le mans Series before expanding to customers in Europe.", "Acura ARX-01 __knowledge__ Over the years various specifications of the ARX-01 chassis have been developed, each signified by a letter suffix.", "Acura ARX-01 __knowledge__ In 2010 Acura withdrew their name from the program and Honda Performance Development which developed the car for Acura continued the program into 2011.", "Personal watercraft-related accidents __knowledge__ The number of personal watercraft-related accidents has increased with the popularity of personal watercraft (PWC) (also commonly known as jet skis) since their introduction during the late 1960s.", "Personal watercraft-related accidents __knowledge__ The use of the term \"jet ski\" for all types of PWCs is a misnomer; Jet Ski is a registered trademark in the United States for a line of PWCs manufactured by Kawasaki).", "Personal watercraft-related accidents __knowledge__ With the increased use of personal watercraft since their inception, the hazards accompanying their use have also increased.", "Personal watercraft-related accidents __knowledge__ According to U.S. government reports, most accidents are associated with rental operators, underage operators, under-trained and undereducated boaters and a variety of factors associated with recreational-boating accidents (excessive speed, inattention, reckless operation, alcohol consumption and violations of the \"Rules of the Road\").", "Honda Legend __knowledge__ The Honda Legend is a V6-engined full-size car produced by the Japanese automaker Honda since 1985 that currently serves as its flagship vehicle and provides the basis for the Acura Legend, RL and RLX the flagship vehicle of Honda's luxury Acura division in North America.", "Honda Legend __knowledge__ The first-generation Legend, introduced to Japan October 22, 1985, was the first production Honda vehicle to offer only a SOHC V6 engine worldwide.", "Honda Legend __knowledge__ The introduction of the Legend also coincided with the launch of a new dealership sales channel in Japan, called \"Honda Clio\".", "Honda Legend __knowledge__ The Legend was the result of a joint venture with Britain's Austin Rover Group called Project XX that started in November 1981 with the Austin Rover-Honda XX letter of intent signed by the two companies to replace the Rover SD1 and to provide a luxury vehicle for Honda, and was codenamed as HX." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda has been the world's largest motorcycle manufacturer since 1959, as well as the world's largest manufacturer of internal combustion engines measured by volume, producing more than 14 million internal combustion engines each year.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda became the second-largest Japanese automobile manufacturer in 2001.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the eighth largest automobile manufacturer in the world behind Toyota, Volkswagen Group, Hyundai Motor Group, General Motors, Ford, Nissan, and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles in 2015.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the first Japanese automobile manufacturer to release a dedicated luxury brand, Acura, in 1986.", "Honda __knowledge__ Aside from their core automobile and motorcycle businesses, Honda also manufactures garden equipment, marine engines, personal watercraft and power generators, and other products.", "Honda __knowledge__ Since 1986, Honda has been involved with artificial intelligence/robotics research and released their ASIMO robot in 2000.", "Honda __knowledge__ They have also ventured into aerospace with the establishment of GE Honda Aero Engines in 2004 and the Honda HA-420 HondaJet, which began production in 2012.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda has three joint-ventures in China (Honda China, Dongfeng Honda, and Guangqi Honda).", "Honda __knowledge__ In 2013, Honda invested about 5.7% (US$6.8 billion) of its revenues in research and development.", "Mitsubishi Outlander __knowledge__ The Mitsubishi Outlander is a compact crossover manufactured by Japanese automaker Mitsubishi.", "Mitsubishi Outlander __knowledge__ It was originally known as the Mitsubishi Airtrek when it was introduced in Japan in 2001, and was based on the Mitsubishi ASX concept vehicle exhibited at the 2001 North American International Auto Show.", "Mitsubishi Outlander __knowledge__ It was sold at Mitsubishi Japan dealership chain called \"Car Plaza\".", "Mitsubishi Outlander __knowledge__ The ASX (Active Sports Crossover) represented Mitsubishi's approach to the industry wide SUV trend for retaining the all-season and off-road abilities offered by a high ground clearance and four-wheel drive, while still offering car-like levels of emissions, economy and size.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in Europe __knowledge__ The adoption of plug-in electric vehicles in Europe is actively supported by the European Union and several European government have set public subsidies and other non-financial incentives to promote widespread adoption.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in Europe __knowledge__ , about 943,600 plug-in electric passenger cars and vans have been registered in Europe, the second largest stock after China.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in Europe __knowledge__ , European sales of plug-in cars and vans are led by Norway with over 200,000 units registered, followed by France with almost 158,000, and the UK with over 137,000 units.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in Europe __knowledge__ Cumulative sales of light-duty plug-in electric vehicles in Europe passed the 500,000 unit milestone in May 2016.", "Electric car use by country __knowledge__ Electric car use by country presents the adoption of plug-in electric vehicles around the world.The popularity of electric vehicles has been expanding rapidly due to government subsidies, their increased range, and environmental sensitivity.", "Electric car use by country __knowledge__ Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) are generally divided into all-electric or battery electric vehicles (BEVs), that run only on batteries, and plug-in hybrids, that combine battery power with internal combustion engines (PHEVs).", "Electric car use by country __knowledge__ As of the end of 2016, cumulative sales of highway-legal light-duty plug-in vehicles reached 2 million units, of which 38% were sold in 2016.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in Norway __knowledge__ The fleet of plug-in electric vehicles in Norway is the largest per capita in the world, with Oslo recognized as the EV capital of the world.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in Norway __knowledge__ , the market concentration was 21.5 registered plug-in cars per 1,000 people, 14.2 times higher than the U.S., then the world's largest country market.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in Norway __knowledge__ Norway's fleet of electric cars is one of the cleanest in the world because 98% of the electricity generated in the country comes from hydropower.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in Norway __knowledge__ In March 2014, Norway became the first country where over one in every 100 passenger cars on the road was a plug-in electric; the segment's market penetration passed 3% in December 2015, and ended 2016 with 5% of all passenger cars on Norwegian roads being a plug-in.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The adoption of plug-in electric vehicles in the United Kingdom is actively supported by the British government through the plug-in car and van grants schemes and other incentives.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ More than 137,000 light-duty plug-in electric vehicles had been registered in the UK as at December 2017. , the British plug-in fleet was the fourth largest in Europe.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The stock of plug-ins includes about 5,100 plug-in commercial vans.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ These figures include a significant number of registered plug-in electric cars and vans which were not eligible for the grant schemes.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The UK ranked in 2016 as the second best-selling European market after Norway, with almost 37,000 plug-in cars registered.", "Mitsubishi Motors __knowledge__ Besides being part of the Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi Alliance, it is also a part of Mitsubishi \"keiretsu\", formerly the biggest industrial group in Japan, through the corporation's majority 66% stake in Mitsubishi Motors, and the company was originally formed in 1970 from the automotive division of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries.", "Mitsubishi Motors __knowledge__ Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation was formerly a part of Mitsubishi Motors, but is now separate from Mitsubishi Motors, which builds commercial grade trucks, buses and heavy construction equipment, and is owned by the German automotive corporation Daimler AG (though Mitsubishi continues to own a small stake).", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the Netherlands __knowledge__ The adoption of plug-in electric vehicles in the Netherlands is actively supported by the Dutch government through the exemption of the registration fee and road taxes.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the Netherlands __knowledge__ These purchase incentives have been adjusted over time.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the Netherlands __knowledge__ Considering the potential of plug-in electric vehicles in the country due to its relative small size and geography, the Dutch government set a target of 15,000 to 20,000 electric vehicles with three or more wheels on the roads in 2015; 200,000 vehicles in 2020; and 1 million vehicles in 2025.", "Plug-in electric vehicles in the Netherlands __knowledge__ The first government target was achieved in 2013, two years earlier, thanks to the sales peak that occurred at the end of 2013.", "Hong Kong __knowledge__ Hong Kong (, ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is an autonomous territory on the eastern side of the Pearl River estuary in East Asia, south of the mainland Chinese province of Guangdong, and east of the special administrative region of Macau.", "Hong Kong __knowledge__ With over 7.3 million Hongkongers of various nationalities in a territory of 1,104 km, Hong Kong is the fourth-most densely populated region in the world.", "Hong Kong __knowledge__ Hong Kong was formerly a colony of the British Empire, after the perpetual cession of Hong Kong Island from Qing China at the conclusion of the First Opium War in 1842.", "2014 Hong Kong protests __knowledge__ A series of sit-in street protests, often called the Umbrella Revolution () and sometimes used interchangeably with Umbrella Movement (), occurred in Hong Kong from 26 September to 15 December 2014.", "2014 Hong Kong protests __knowledge__ The protests began after the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC) issued a decision regarding proposed reforms to the Hong Kong electoral system.", "2014 Hong Kong protests __knowledge__ The decision was widely seen to be highly restrictive, and tantamount to the Chinese Communist Party (CCP)'s pre-screening of the candidates for the leader of Hong Kong.", "2014 Hong Kong protests __knowledge__ Students led a strike against the NPCSC's decision beginning on 22 September 2014, and the Hong Kong Federation of Students and Scholarism started protesting outside the government headquarters on 26 September 2014.", "CUHK democracy wall standoff __knowledge__ In September 2017, tensions arose between different parties over the content of posters put up on Democracy wall in the Chinese University of Hong Kong.", "CUHK democracy wall standoff __knowledge__ This has led to increased tensions in Hong Kong society, due the interpretations of freedom of speech of certain content of the posters.", "CUHK democracy wall standoff __knowledge__ This has also led to copycats incidents occurring in other universities in Hong Kong as well reigniting Hong Kong Independence debate within Hong Kong Kong society.", "CUHK democracy wall standoff __knowledge__ The standoff, which has manifested in a series of protests and counterprotests on campuses, is reflective of the wider disconnect between mainlanders and Hongkongers, fanned by a host of reasons from politics and language barriers to state-fuelled propaganda and competition for scarce resources.", "History of Jardine, Matheson & Co. __knowledge__ Jardine Matheson & Co., later Jardine Matheson & Co. Ltd., forerunner of today's Jardine Matheson Holdings, was a Far Eastern trading company founded in 1832 by Scotsmen William Jardine and James Matheson as senior partners.", "History of Jardine, Matheson & Co. __knowledge__ Trading in opium, cotton, tea, silk and a variety of other goods, from its early beginnings in Canton (modern day Guangzhou), in 1844 the firm established its head office in the new British colony of Hong Kong then proceeded to expand all along the China Coast.", "History of Jardine, Matheson & Co. __knowledge__ By the end of the nineteenth century, Jardine, Matheson & Co. had become the largest of the foreign trading companies in the Far East and had expanded its activities into sectors including shipping, cotton mills and railway construction.", "Charged Hong Kong __knowledge__ Charged Hong Kong (also Charged HK or 電動香港 in traditional Chinese) is a registered non-profit organization founded in Hong Kong with an aim to promote clean air.", "Charged Hong Kong __knowledge__ through supporting and accelerating the adoption of electric vehicles.", "Charged Hong Kong __knowledge__ It is a Hong Kong-registered society under #54000 as well as a registered charity under #91/14340.", "Charged Hong Kong __knowledge__ The current Charged Hong Kong's committee consists of core members of the Tesla Motors Club Forum Hong Kong who organised the Tesla Motors Club Hong Kong Rally 2014.", "Charged Hong Kong __knowledge__ The charity's Facebook page and website are also main news sources of happenings in the electric vehicle community in Hong Kong and Singapore from which international press and media cite.", "Transport in Hong Kong __knowledge__ Hong Kong has a highly developed and sophisticated transport network, encompassing both public and private transport.", "Transport in Hong Kong __knowledge__ Based on Hong Kong Government's Travel Characteristics Survey, over 90% of the daily journeys are on public transport, the highest rate in the world.", "Transport in Hong Kong __knowledge__ However, in 2014 the Transport Advisory Committee, which advises the Government on transportation issues, issued a report on the much worsened congestion problem in Hong Kong and pointed at the excessive growth of private cars during the past 10–15 years.", "Transport in Hong Kong __knowledge__ The Octopus card, a smart electronic money payment system, was introduced in September 1997 to provide an alternative to the traditional banknotes and coins.", "Hong Kong–Mainland China conflict __knowledge__ Tensions between people from Hong Kong and mainland China have developed since the transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong to China in 1997, and in particular since the late 2000s and early 2010s.", "Hong Kong–Mainland China conflict __knowledge__ Various factors have contributed to the development of such tensions: these include a difference between the popular interpretation in Hong Kong of the \"One country, two systems\" constitutional principle as against the Chinese government's official interpretation; policies of the Hong Kong and central governments to encourage mainland visitors to Hong Kong; and changing economic environments in Hong Kong and mainland China." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda has been the world's largest motorcycle manufacturer since 1959, as well as the world's largest manufacturer of internal combustion engines measured by volume, producing more than 14 million internal combustion engines each year.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda became the second-largest Japanese automobile manufacturer in 2001.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the eighth largest automobile manufacturer in the world behind Toyota, Volkswagen Group, Hyundai Motor Group, General Motors, Ford, Nissan, and Fiat Chrysler Automobiles in 2015.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda was the first Japanese automobile manufacturer to release a dedicated luxury brand, Acura, in 1986.", "Honda __knowledge__ Aside from their core automobile and motorcycle businesses, Honda also manufactures garden equipment, marine engines, personal watercraft and power generators, and other products.", "Honda __knowledge__ Since 1986, Honda has been involved with artificial intelligence/robotics research and released their ASIMO robot in 2000.", "Honda __knowledge__ They have also ventured into aerospace with the establishment of GE Honda Aero Engines in 2004 and the Honda HA-420 HondaJet, which began production in 2012.", "Honda __knowledge__ Honda has three joint-ventures in China (Honda China, Dongfeng Honda, and Guangqi Honda).", "Honda __knowledge__ In 2013, Honda invested about 5.7% (US$6.8 billion) of its revenues in research and development.", "Buick __knowledge__ Buick (), formally the Buick Motor Division, is an upscale automobile brand of the American manufacturer General Motors (GM).", "Buick __knowledge__ It has the distinction of being the oldest active American marque of automobile, and was the company that established General Motors in 1908.", "Buick __knowledge__ Before the establishment of General Motors, GM founder William C. Durant had served as Buick's general manager and major investor.", "Buick __knowledge__ Buick also has the distinction of being the first production automobile maker in the world to equip its cars with overhead valve engines, which it did starting in 1904.", "Buick __knowledge__ For much of its existence in the North American market, Buick has been marketed as a premium automobile brand, selling luxury vehicles positioned above GM's mainstream brands, e.g.", "Pee-wee Herman __knowledge__ Pee-wee Herman is a comic fictional character created and portrayed by American comedian Paul Reubens.", "Pee-wee Herman __knowledge__ He is best known for his two television series and film series during the 1980s.", "Pee-wee Herman __knowledge__ The childlike Pee-wee Herman character developed as a stage act that quickly led to an HBO special in 1981.", "Pee-wee Herman __knowledge__ As the stage performance gained further popularity, Reubens took the character to motion picture with \"Pee-wee's Big Adventure\" in 1985, toning down the adult innuendo for the appeal of children.", "Pee-wee Herman __knowledge__ This paved the way for \"Pee-wee's Playhouse\", an Emmy Award-winning children's series that ran on CBS from 1986 to 1991.", "History of General Motors __knowledge__ The history of General Motors (GM), one of the world's largest car and truck manufacturers, reaches back more than a century and involves a vast scope of industrial activity around the world, mostly focused on motorized transportation and the engineering and manufacturing that make it possible.", "History of General Motors __knowledge__ Founded in 1908 as a holding company in Flint, Michigan, as of 2012 it employs approximately 209,000 people around the world.", "History of General Motors __knowledge__ With global headquarters at the Renaissance Center in Detroit, Michigan, United States, General Motors manufactures cars and trucks in 35 countries.", "History of General Motors __knowledge__ In 2008, 8.35 million GM cars and trucks were sold globally under various brands.", "General Motors __knowledge__ General Motors Company, commonly abbreviated as GM, is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Detroit that designs, manufactures, markets, and distributes vehicles and vehicle parts, and sells financial services.", "General Motors __knowledge__ With global headquarters in Detroit's Renaissance Center, GM manufactures cars and trucks in 35 countries.", "General Motors __knowledge__ In 2008, 8.35 million GM cars and trucks were sold globally under various brands.", "General Motors __knowledge__ GM reached the milestone of selling 10 million vehicles in 2016.", "General Motors __knowledge__ Current auto brands are Buick, Cadillac, Chevrolet, GMC, Holden, and Wuling.", "General Motors __knowledge__ Former GM automotive brands include Daewoo, McLaughlin, Oakland, Oldsmobile, Pontiac, Hummer, Saab, Saturn, as well as Vauxhall, and Opel, which were bought by Groupe PSA in 2017.", "Buick Skylark __knowledge__ The Buick Skylark is a passenger car produced by Buick.", "Buick Skylark __knowledge__ The model was made in six production runs, during 46 years, over which the car's design varied dramatically due to changing technology, tastes and new standards implemented over the years.", "Buick Skylark __knowledge__ Created to mark Buick's 50th anniversary, the Roadmaster Skylark joined the Oldsmobile 98 Fiesta and Cadillac Series 62 Eldorado as top-of-the-line, limited-production specialty convertibles introduced in 1953 by General Motors to promote its design leadership.", "Buick Skylark __knowledge__ Of the three, the Skylark's run of 1,690 units proved the most successful, and an amazing sales feat considering the car's 1953 list price of slightly in excess of US$5,000 was over 50% more than the well-equipped US$3,200 Roadmaster convertible on which it was based.", "Buick LeSabre __knowledge__ The Buick LeSabre is a full-size car made by General Motors from 1959-2005.", "Buick LeSabre __knowledge__ Prior to 1959, this position had been retained by the full-size Buick Special model (1936–58); in 1959 the LeSabre replaced the Special, a nameplate that was reintroduced in 1961 for Buick's line of compact cars.", "Buick LeSabre __knowledge__ The name originated with the 1951 GM Le Sabre show car designed by Harley Earl; that car is often mistakenly attributed to the Buick division, but in fact it was presented as a GM vehicle without reference to a specific GM division.", "Buick LeSabre __knowledge__ Buick closely related their 1956-1957 models to the GM LeSabre by replicating the top section of the rear wing into their design..", "Buick Gran Sport __knowledge__ The Gran Sport name has been used on several high-performance cars built by Buick since 1965.", "Buick Gran Sport __knowledge__ In the GM brands hierarchy, Buick was surpassed in luxury and comfort appointments only by Cadillac, which did not produce performance models.", "Buick Gran Sport __knowledge__ As a result, the Buick GS series were the most opulently equipped GM sport models of their era.", "Buick Gran Sport __knowledge__ The 1965 Skylark Gran Sport was the intermediate Buick Skylark with the Gran Sport option added.", "Buick Gran Sport __knowledge__ Although a V8 was already offered in the Skylark, the Gran Sport had the largest engine permitted by GM - a Buick V8.", "Buick Gran Sport __knowledge__ This engine was actually , but called a \"400\" by Buick because that was the maximum engine size limit set by General Motors for the intermediate body cars.", "Mitsubishi Outlander __knowledge__ The Mitsubishi Outlander is a compact crossover manufactured by Japanese automaker Mitsubishi.", "Mitsubishi Outlander __knowledge__ It was originally known as the Mitsubishi Airtrek when it was introduced in Japan in 2001, and was based on the Mitsubishi ASX concept vehicle exhibited at the 2001 North American International Auto Show.", "Mitsubishi Outlander __knowledge__ It was sold at Mitsubishi Japan dealership chain called \"Car Plaza\".", "Mitsubishi Outlander __knowledge__ The ASX (Active Sports Crossover) represented Mitsubishi's approach to the industry wide SUV trend for retaining the all-season and off-road abilities offered by a high ground clearance and four-wheel drive, while still offering car-like levels of emissions, economy and size.", "Buick Rendezvous __knowledge__ The Buick Rendezvous, introduced in the spring of 2001 as a 2002 model year vehicle, is a mid-size crossover SUV that was sold by Buick for the 2002-2007 model years.", "Buick Rendezvous __knowledge__ The Buick Rendezvous and its corporate cousin the Pontiac Aztek were GM's entry into the crossover SUV segment.", "Buick Rendezvous __knowledge__ As a four-door crossover with a front engine and four-wheel drive, the Rendezvous featured a four-speed automatic transmission with a V-6 engine.", "Buick Rendezvous __knowledge__ The SUV used the same platform as GM's short version minivan, Pontiac Montana and Chevrolet Venture.", "Buick Rendezvous __knowledge__ It assumed the load carrying duties that were previously handled by the Buick Estate station wagon.", "Pontiac Aztek __knowledge__ The Pontiac Aztek is a mid-size crossover marketed by General Motors from model years 2001 to 2005, along with its corporate cousin, the Buick Rendezvous.", "Pontiac Aztek __knowledge__ As a 4-door crossover with a front engine and four-wheel drive, the Aztek featured a four-speed automatic transmission with a V-6 engine.", "Pontiac Aztek __knowledge__ Marketed by Pontiac as a \"sport recreational vehicle,\" the Aztek used a shortened platform shared with GM's minivans (e.g., the Pontiac Montana) featuring 94 cubic feet of cargo room with its rear seats removed.", "Pontiac Aztek __knowledge__ The design employed conventional rear swing-open kammback rather than sliding doors and a bi-parting rear tailgate, the lower section formed with seat indentations and cupholders.", "Pontiac Grand Prix __knowledge__ The Grand Prix was a line of automobiles produced by the Pontiac Division of General Motors from 1962 through 2002 for coupes and 1988-2008 for sedans.", "Pontiac Grand Prix __knowledge__ First introduced as part of Pontiac's full-size car model offering for the 1962 model year, the marque varied repeatedly in size, luxury, and performance during its lifespan.", "Pontiac Grand Prix __knowledge__ Among the changes were positioning in the personal luxury car market segment and mid-size car offering from the 2nd generation to the 5th generation for the sedan and from the 2nd generation to the 6th generation from the coupe; it returned to a full-size car from the 6th generation to the 7th generation for the sedan, positioned below the larger Bonneville in Pontiac's model lineup.", "Mitsubishi Grandis __knowledge__ The Mitsubishi Grandis is a seven seat MPV built by Mitsubishi Motors to replace its Chariot/Space Wagon/Nimbus line.", "Mitsubishi Grandis __knowledge__ It was launched on 14 May 2003 and was sold in Japan, Asia, Europe, Oceania, Mexico, Honduras, Jamaica, and South America.", "Mitsubishi Grandis __knowledge__ Engines available were a 2.4 litre four-cylinder and a Volkswagen sourced 2.0 litre turbodiesel (not available in Jamaica), badged DI-D rather than TDI as Volkswagen denotes it.", "Mitsubishi Grandis __knowledge__ The exterior styling was based loosely on designer Olivier Boulay's earlier Mitsubishi Space Liner, a monobox four seat concept vehicle with centre opening \"suicide doors\", first exhibited at the Tokyo Motor Show in October 2001.", "Buick Regal __knowledge__ The Buick Regal is an upscale mid-sized automobile that was first introduced by Buick for the 1973 model year.", "Buick Regal __knowledge__ North American production ended in 2004 and began again in 2011.", "Buick Regal __knowledge__ For the 2011 model year, Buick re-introduced the Regal to the North American market, positioned as an upscale sports sedan.", "Buick Regal __knowledge__ Production and sales in China have continued since 1999.", "Buick Regal __knowledge__ For certain model years between 1973 and 2004, the Regal shared bodies and powertrains with the similar Buick Century.", "Buick Regal __knowledge__ The current model (2011–present) is an American built version of the Opel Insignia, known as the Vauxhall Insignia in the UK." ] ]

[ 2, 5, 12, 0, 48 ]

[ "Honda is such a great company! They are the second largest Japanese auto manufacturer. They also manufacture other products!", "They also make garden equipment, power generators and personal watercraft. I like their Honda Acura, my friend has one.", "Im' not sure where they manufactured, but they are sold in Mexico, the US, China, Russia, and Hong Kong. What kind of car do you drive?", "Nice! That vehicle originally debuted as the Mitsubishi Airtrek in 2001, but they changed the name for US consumers. I drive a Buick Rendezvous.", "I like it. My Buick Rendezvous was a cheap buy from my grandparents. It is funny how both of our cars were introduced in 2001!" ]

[ "Honda", "Honda", "Honda", "Honda", "Honda" ]

[ "The Beatles\ni heard about t his band the beatles, do you know anything about them ?", "oh i think i have heard of ringo before", "oh yea, he was good, are they still alive and playing together ?", "ah that stinks", "what are some of their songs ?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Beatles __knowledge__ The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, they became widely regarded as the foremost and most influential music band.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ Rooted in skiffle, beat and 1950s rock and roll, the Beatles later experimented with several musical styles, ranging from pop ballads and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock, often incorporating classical elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ In 1963 their enormous popularity first emerged as \"Beatlemania\"; as the group's music grew in sophistication, led by primary songwriters Lennon and McCartney, the band were integral to pop music's evolution into an art form and to the development of the counterculture of the 1960s.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ The Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960, with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ The core trio of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers, including Pete Best, before asking Starr to join them in 1962.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ Manager Brian Epstein moulded them into a professional act, and producer George Martin guided and developed their recordings, greatly expanding the group's popularity in the United Kingdom after their first hit, \"Love Me Do\", in late 1962.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ The Monkees are an American rock and pop band originally active between 1965 and 1971, with subsequent reunion albums and tours in the decades that followed.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ They were formed in Los Angeles in 1965 by Bob Rafelson and Bert Schneider for the American television series \"The Monkees\", which aired from 1966 to 1968.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ The musical acting quartet was composed of Americans Micky Dolenz, Michael Nesmith and Peter Tork and British stage and television actor and singer Davy Jones.", "The Monkees __knowledge__ The band's music was initially supervised by producer Don Kirshner, backed by the songwriting duo of Tommy Boyce and Bobby Hart.", "You Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ \"You Don't Know Anything\" is a song by American indie rock band Ivy.", "You Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ It was released by Atlantic Records on April 29, 1999 as the fourth and final single from their second studio album, \"Apartment Life\" (1997).", "You Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ The single was made available exclusively in Europe and featured the same two B-sides as previous single, \"This Is the Day\", which had been released by 550 Music in Austria.", "You Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ The track was written by Dominique Durand, Adam Schlesinger and Andy Chase while production was handled by the latter two and Peter Nashel.", "You Don't Know Anything __knowledge__ Released alongside \"This Is the Day\", \"You Don't Know Anything\" received promotion by Atlantic Records after the former track was included on the soundtrack for the 1998 film, \"There's Something About Mary\".", "The Beatles (TV series) __knowledge__ The Beatles is an American animated television series featuring representations of the popular English rock band of the same name.", "The Beatles (TV series) __knowledge__ It ran from 1965 to 1969 on ABC in the U.S. (only 1965 to 1967 was first run; later transmissions were reruns).", "The Beatles (TV series) __knowledge__ The series debuted on September 25, 1965 and ended on October 21, 1967.", "The Beatles (TV series) __knowledge__ A total of 39 episodes were produced.", "The Beatles (TV series) __knowledge__ The series was shown on Saturday mornings at 10:30 AM EST until the 1967 third season when it was moved to 12:00 PM EST.", "The Beatles (TV series) __knowledge__ For the fourth season, which consisted of reruns, the series was shown at 9:30 AM EST on Sunday mornings.", "The Beatles (TV series) __knowledge__ Each episode has a name of a Beatles song, so the story is based on its lyrics and it is also played at some time in the episode.", "Ringo Starr __knowledge__ Sir Richard Starkey, (born 7 July 1940), known professionally as Ringo Starr, is an English musician, songwriter, singer, and actor who gained worldwide fame as the drummer for the Beatles.", "Ringo Starr __knowledge__ He occasionally sang lead vocals, usually for one song on an album, including \"With a Little Help from My Friends\", \"Yellow Submarine\", \"Good Night\", and their cover of \"Act Naturally\".", "Ringo Starr __knowledge__ He also wrote the Beatles' songs \"Don't Pass Me By\" and \"Octopus's Garden\", and is credited as a co-writer of others, including \"What Goes On\" and \"Flying\".", "Ringo Starr __knowledge__ Starr was twice afflicted by life-threatening illnesses during childhood, and he fell behind in school as a result of prolonged hospitalisations.", "Revolver (Beatles album) __knowledge__ Revolver is the seventh studio album by the English rock band the Beatles.", "Revolver (Beatles album) __knowledge__ Released on 5 August 1966, it was the Beatles' final recording project before their retirement as live performers and marked the group's most overt use of studio technology up to that time, building on the advances of their 1965 release \"Rubber Soul\".", "Revolver (Beatles album) __knowledge__ The album's diverse sounds include tape loops and backwards recordings on the psychedelic \"Tomorrow Never Knows\", a classical string octet on \"Eleanor Rigby\", and Indian-music backing on \"Love You To\".", "Revolver (Beatles album) __knowledge__ The album was reduced to eleven songs by Capitol Records in North America, where three of its tracks instead appeared on the June 1966 release \"Yesterday and Today\".", "The Beatles: Rock Band __knowledge__ The Beatles: Rock Band is a 2009 music video game developed by Harmonix, published by MTV Games, and distributed by Electronic Arts.", "The Beatles: Rock Band __knowledge__ It is the third major console release in the \"Rock Band\" music video game series, in which players can simulate the playing of rock music by using controllers shaped like musical instruments.", "The Beatles: Rock Band __knowledge__ \"The Beatles: Rock Band\" is the first band-centric game in the series, and it is centered on the popular English rock group the Beatles.", "The Beatles: Rock Band __knowledge__ The game features virtual portrayals of the four band members performing the songs throughout the band's history, including depictions of some of their famous live performances, as well as a number of \"dreamscape\" sequences for songs from the Abbey Road Studios recording sessions during the group's studio years." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Beatles __knowledge__ The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, they became widely regarded as the foremost and most influential music band.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ Rooted in skiffle, beat and 1950s rock and roll, the Beatles later experimented with several musical styles, ranging from pop ballads and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock, often incorporating classical elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ In 1963 their enormous popularity first emerged as \"Beatlemania\"; as the group's music grew in sophistication, led by primary songwriters Lennon and McCartney, the band were integral to pop music's evolution into an art form and to the development of the counterculture of the 1960s.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ The Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960, with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ The core trio of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers, including Pete Best, before asking Starr to join them in 1962.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ Manager Brian Epstein moulded them into a professional act, and producer George Martin guided and developed their recordings, greatly expanding the group's popularity in the United Kingdom after their first hit, \"Love Me Do\", in late 1962.", "List of Neighbours characters (2010) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters who first appeared in the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\" during 2010, they are listed in order of their first appearance.", "List of Neighbours characters (2010) __knowledge__ They were all introduced by the shows executive producer, Susan Bower.", "List of Neighbours characters (2010) __knowledge__ The 26th season of \"Neighbours\" began airing on 11 January 2010.", "List of Neighbours characters (2010) __knowledge__ Comedian Peter Moon joined the cast as theatre producer Terry Kearney in February.", "List of Neighbours characters (2010) __knowledge__ That same month saw Chris Pappas, the show's first regular, gay male character, make his debut.", "List of Neighbours characters (2010) __knowledge__ Established character, Donna Freedman's father, Nick Nixon joined in April and two new regular characters, Michael and Natasha Williams, began appearing from May.", "Ringo Brown __knowledge__ Ringo Brown is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Sam Clark.", "Ringo Brown __knowledge__ Clark was given the role after he entered and won a \"Dolly\" magazine competition.", "Ringo Brown __knowledge__ He made his first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 24 January 2007.", "Ringo Brown __knowledge__ Ringo's storylines have included his ongoing battle with an eating disorder, a bus crash, a relationship with an older woman, the collapse of a warehouse roof at an illegal dance party and his on-off relationship with Donna Freedman.", "Ringo Brown __knowledge__ In July 2010, it was announced that Clark had decided to leave \"Neighbours\".", "Ringo Brown __knowledge__ He filmed his final scenes at the end of the month and Ringo made his last credited appearance on 18 October 2010.", "The Beatles (TV series) __knowledge__ The Beatles is an American animated television series featuring representations of the popular English rock band of the same name.", "The Beatles (TV series) __knowledge__ It ran from 1965 to 1969 on ABC in the U.S. (only 1965 to 1967 was first run; later transmissions were reruns).", "The Beatles (TV series) __knowledge__ The series debuted on September 25, 1965 and ended on October 21, 1967.", "The Beatles (TV series) __knowledge__ A total of 39 episodes were produced.", "The Beatles (TV series) __knowledge__ The series was shown on Saturday mornings at 10:30 AM EST until the 1967 third season when it was moved to 12:00 PM EST.", "The Beatles (TV series) __knowledge__ For the fourth season, which consisted of reruns, the series was shown at 9:30 AM EST on Sunday mornings.", "The Beatles (TV series) __knowledge__ Each episode has a name of a Beatles song, so the story is based on its lyrics and it is also played at some time in the episode.", "Ringo Starr __knowledge__ Sir Richard Starkey, (born 7 July 1940), known professionally as Ringo Starr, is an English musician, songwriter, singer, and actor who gained worldwide fame as the drummer for the Beatles.", "Ringo Starr __knowledge__ He occasionally sang lead vocals, usually for one song on an album, including \"With a Little Help from My Friends\", \"Yellow Submarine\", \"Good Night\", and their cover of \"Act Naturally\".", "Ringo Starr __knowledge__ He also wrote the Beatles' songs \"Don't Pass Me By\" and \"Octopus's Garden\", and is credited as a co-writer of others, including \"What Goes On\" and \"Flying\".", "Ringo Starr __knowledge__ Starr was twice afflicted by life-threatening illnesses during childhood, and he fell behind in school as a result of prolonged hospitalisations.", "List of Neighbours characters (2007) __knowledge__ \"Neighbours\" is an Australian television soap opera that was first broadcast on 18 March 1985.", "List of Neighbours characters (2007) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that first appeared on the show in 2007, by order of first appearance.", "List of Neighbours characters (2007) __knowledge__ All characters were introduced by the show's executive producer Ric Pellizzeri.", "List of Neighbours characters (2007) __knowledge__ The 23rd season of \"Neighbours\" began airing from 8 January 2007.", "List of Neighbours characters (2007) __knowledge__ That month saw both Ringo Brown and Oliver Barnes introduced as brothers of established characters.", "List of Neighbours characters (2007) __knowledge__ March saw the year's first baby, Holly Hoyland, born.", "List of Neighbours characters (2007) __knowledge__ Con artists Terrence Chesterton and Charlotte Stone arrived the following month, along with Mary Casey.", "Donna Freedman __knowledge__ Donna Freedman (also Brown) is a fictional character from the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\", played by Margot Robbie.", "Donna Freedman __knowledge__ Believing she had performed badly in the audition, Robbie went on holiday to Canada.", "Donna Freedman __knowledge__ She then learned she had won the part and had to return to Australia to begin filming.", "Donna Freedman __knowledge__ She made her first screen appearance during the episode broadcast on 2 June 2008.", "Donna Freedman __knowledge__ Donna was initially introduced as a guest character, but Robbie was promoted to the regular cast shortly after she made her debut.", "Donna Freedman __knowledge__ In April 2010, it was revealed that Robbie had told producers she would like to leave when her contract expired at the end of the year.", "List of Neighbours characters (2009) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that first appeared in the Australian soap opera \"Neighbours\" in 2009, by order of first appearance.", "List of Neighbours characters (2009) __knowledge__ They were all introduced by the show's executive producer Susan Bower.", "List of Neighbours characters (2009) __knowledge__ The 25th season of \"Neighbours\" began airing on 19 January 2009.", "List of Neighbours characters (2009) __knowledge__ Robert Mammone began appearing as Phil Andrews from early February and Donna Freedman's mother Cassandra also arrived that month.", "List of Neighbours characters (2009) __knowledge__ Former AFL player Clint Bizzell began appearing as Adam Clarke from March and Kaela Hilton joined as Melissa Evans.", "List of Neighbours characters (2009) __knowledge__ Sunny Lee, played by Hany Lee, arrived in April and a new generation of the Ramsay family, Kate, Harry and Sophie Ramsay, were introduced in May.", "The Beatles: Rock Band __knowledge__ The Beatles: Rock Band is a 2009 music video game developed by Harmonix, published by MTV Games, and distributed by Electronic Arts.", "The Beatles: Rock Band __knowledge__ It is the third major console release in the \"Rock Band\" music video game series, in which players can simulate the playing of rock music by using controllers shaped like musical instruments.", "The Beatles: Rock Band __knowledge__ \"The Beatles: Rock Band\" is the first band-centric game in the series, and it is centered on the popular English rock group the Beatles.", "The Beatles: Rock Band __knowledge__ The game features virtual portrayals of the four band members performing the songs throughout the band's history, including depictions of some of their famous live performances, as well as a number of \"dreamscape\" sequences for songs from the Abbey Road Studios recording sessions during the group's studio years.", "The Beatles (album) __knowledge__ The Beatles, also known as the White Album, is the ninth studio album by English rock group the Beatles, released on 22 November 1968.", "The Beatles (album) __knowledge__ A double album, its plain white sleeve has no graphics or text other than the band's name embossed, which was intended as a direct contrast to the vivid cover artwork of the band's earlier \"Sgt.", "The Beatles (album) __knowledge__ Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band\".", "The Beatles (album) __knowledge__ Although no singles were issued from \"The Beatles\" in Britain and the United States, the songs \"Hey Jude\" and \"Revolution\" originated from the same recording sessions and were issued on a single in August 1968.", "The Beatles (album) __knowledge__ The album's songs range in style from British blues and ska to tracks influenced by Chuck Berry and by Karlheinz Stockhausen.", "John Lennon __knowledge__ John Winston Ono Lennon, (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, musician, and peace activist who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful band in the history of popular music.", "John Lennon __knowledge__ He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a much-celebrated songwriting partnership.", "John Lennon __knowledge__ Along with George Harrison and Ringo Starr, the group would ascend to world-wide fame during the 1960s.", "John Lennon __knowledge__ Born and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the skiffle craze as a teenager.", "John Lennon __knowledge__ In 1957, he formed his first band, the Quarrymen, which evolved into the Beatles in 1960.", "Pete Best __knowledge__ Randolph Peter Best (born Scanland, 24 November 1941) is an English musician, principally known as an original member and the first drummer of the Beatles, from 1960 to 1962.", "Pete Best __knowledge__ He is one of several people who have been referred to as the Fifth Beatle.", "Pete Best __knowledge__ Best was born in the city of Madras, then part of British India.", "Pete Best __knowledge__ After Best's mother, Mona Best (1924–1988), moved to Liverpool in 1945, she opened the Casbah Coffee Club in the cellar of the Bests' house in Liverpool.", "Pete Best __knowledge__ The Beatles (at the time known as the Quarrymen) played some of their first concerts at the club.", "Pete Best __knowledge__ The Beatles invited Best to join on 12 August 1960, on the eve of the group's first Hamburg season of club dates." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Beatles __knowledge__ The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, they became widely regarded as the foremost and most influential music band.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ Rooted in skiffle, beat and 1950s rock and roll, the Beatles later experimented with several musical styles, ranging from pop ballads and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock, often incorporating classical elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ In 1963 their enormous popularity first emerged as \"Beatlemania\"; as the group's music grew in sophistication, led by primary songwriters Lennon and McCartney, the band were integral to pop music's evolution into an art form and to the development of the counterculture of the 1960s.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ The Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960, with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ The core trio of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers, including Pete Best, before asking Starr to join them in 1962.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ Manager Brian Epstein moulded them into a professional act, and producer George Martin guided and developed their recordings, greatly expanding the group's popularity in the United Kingdom after their first hit, \"Love Me Do\", in late 1962.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Yea ( ) is a town in Victoria, Australia north-east of Melbourne at the junction of the Goulburn Valley Highway and the Melba Highway, in the Shire of Murrindindi local government area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ In an area originally inhabited by the Taungurong people, it was first visited by Europeans of the Hume and Hovell expedition in 1824, and within 15 years most of the land in the area had been taken up by graziers.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ Surveyed in 1855, the township grew as a service centre for grazing, gold-mining and timber-getting in the area.", "Yea, Victoria __knowledge__ The town has had a fairly stable population (around 1,100) since 1900, though it now has a relatively old population.", "Butch Patterson: Private Dick __knowledge__ Butch Patterson: Private Dick is a Canadian serial comedy television series centering on the seedy exploits of a self-described premature ejaculating, alcoholic, kleptomaniac, sexually deviant private detective played by Canadian actor/comedian Greg Lawrence.", "Butch Patterson: Private Dick __knowledge__ The series had a three season run, airing on The Comedy Network.", "Butch Patterson: Private Dick __knowledge__ Although the show was not a critical or commercial success, it maintains a small cult following.", "Butch Patterson: Private Dick __knowledge__ After the series' initial run, reruns were featured on the now defunct CBC Country Canada.", "Butch Patterson: Private Dick __knowledge__ Since then, all three original seasons have been released on DVD.", "Butch Patterson: Private Dick __knowledge__ Most of the episodes are focused around the cases that Butch Patterson is investigating at the time.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Oh Yeah (Ash song) __knowledge__ \"Oh Yeah\" (occasionally spelt as \"Oh Yea\") is a song by Ash, released as the fifth single from their album \"1977\" on 24 June 1996.", "Oh Yeah (Ash song) __knowledge__ It was released as a single CD, a 7\" vinyl (the limited edition 7\" was yellow and came with a picture sleeve), and as a cassette.", "Oh Yeah (Ash song) __knowledge__ The UK Promo version of the track is thought of as quite rare, and a collector's item between fans.", "Oh Yeah (Ash song) __knowledge__ It comes on orange 7\" vinyl and has the same track on both sides.", "Oh Yeah (Ash song) __knowledge__ \"Oh Yeah\" was the first single released after the release of \"1977\" and was their second Top 10 single, reaching number 6 in the UK singles chart.", "Oh Yeah (Ash song) __knowledge__ It is probably Ash's best-known song and one of the best known from the Brit-Pop period.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Lacy Walter Giles Yea (20 May 1808 – 18 June 1855) was a British Army colonel, known for his role in the Crimean War, where he was killed in action.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Born in Park Row, Bristol, on 20 May 1808, he was eldest son of Sir William Walter Yea, second baronet, of Pyrland, near Taunton, Somerset, who married, on 24 June 1805, Anne Heckstetter (d. 1846), youngest daughter of Colonel David Michel of Dulish House, Dorset.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ Lacy Yea was educated at Eton College.", "Lacy Walter Giles Yea __knowledge__ He was commissioned as ensign in the 37th foot on 6 October 1825, obtained an unattached lieutenancy on 19 December 1826, was appointed to the 5th Foot on 13 March 1827, and exchanged to the 7th (Royal Fusiliers) on 13 March 1828.", "Zameer Rizvi __knowledge__ Zameer Rizvi (born 5 February 1981) is a Canadian singer/songwriter, musician and composer.", "Zameer Rizvi __knowledge__ As a songwriter, Zameer's subject matter is usually inspired by personal experiences.", "Zameer Rizvi __knowledge__ His songs vary anywhere from upbeat party-like music, to soulful reflective music, to political music reflecting his views on social justice.", "Zameer Rizvi __knowledge__ His honest writing style earned him worldwide recognition when his song about social injustice against athletes with disabilities, \"Win or Defeat\", was licensed as a theme song by the 2010 Paralympic Games.", "Zameer Rizvi __knowledge__ Rizvi went on to perform the song at the 2010 Olympic Games.", "Zameer Rizvi __knowledge__ Rizvi garnered further success with strong sales of his debut album \"From Under the Bleachers\" from which the single \"Glory of Love\" rose to the 73rd spot on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 charts.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "List of Thomas & Friends railway engines __knowledge__ This article lists the standard-gauge railway engines and other standard-gauge characters of the popular television series \"Thomas & Friends\", as well as from \"The Railway Series\".", "List of Thomas & Friends railway engines __knowledge__ These are the characters that run on the standard gauge North Western Railway.", "List of Thomas & Friends railway engines __knowledge__ The Steam Team was introduced in season 8.", "List of Thomas & Friends railway engines __knowledge__ It is the name given to the core group of characters on (Sir Topham Hatt's) railway (the North Western) as featured in later seasons: Thomas, Edward, Henry, Gordon, James, Percy, Toby, and Emily.", "List of Thomas & Friends railway engines __knowledge__ There is no such corresponding group in The Railway Series books although a similar group (adding Duck and excluding Emily) appears in the book \"The Eight Famous Engines\".", "Thomas the Tank Engine __knowledge__ Thomas the Tank Engine is a fictional steam locomotive in \"The Railway Series\" books by the Reverend Wilbert Awdry and his son, Christopher.", "Thomas the Tank Engine __knowledge__ He became the most popular character in the series, and is the title character in the accompanying television spin-off series, \"Thomas & Friends\".", "Thomas the Tank Engine __knowledge__ Thomas is a steam engine and has a number 1 painted on his side.", "Thomas the Tank Engine __knowledge__ All of the locomotives in The Railway Series were based on prototypical engines; Thomas has origins in the E2 Class designed by Lawson Billinton in 1913.", "Thomas the Tank Engine __knowledge__ Thomas first appeared in 1946 in the second book in the series, \"Thomas the Tank Engine\", and was the focus of the four short stories contained within.", "Thomas the Tank Engine film characters __knowledge__ The article is about characters from \"Thomas & Friends\", that have appeared in the films first.", "Thomas the Tank Engine film characters __knowledge__ \"Thomas and the Magic Railroad\" was the first theatrical Thomas & Friends movie.", "Thomas the Tank Engine film characters __knowledge__ Diesel 10 (voiced by Neil Crone in the film/voiced by Matt Wilkinson in the UK and the US; Misty Island Rescue onwards) is a large cunning darkly comedic diesel engine with a claw (which he calls \"Pinchy\") extending from his roof.", "Thomas the Tank Engine film characters __knowledge__ He was the main villain in \"Thomas and the Magic Railroad\".", "Thomas the Tank Engine film characters __knowledge__ Thomas said that he is rated \"10 out of 10 for devious deeds and brutal strength\".", "Thomas the Tank Engine film characters __knowledge__ When he first came to Sodor, he hated steam engines so much that he made a goal to get rid of them once and for all.", "Ringo Starr __knowledge__ Sir Richard Starkey, (born 7 July 1940), known professionally as Ringo Starr, is an English musician, songwriter, singer, and actor who gained worldwide fame as the drummer for the Beatles.", "Ringo Starr __knowledge__ He occasionally sang lead vocals, usually for one song on an album, including \"With a Little Help from My Friends\", \"Yellow Submarine\", \"Good Night\", and their cover of \"Act Naturally\".", "Ringo Starr __knowledge__ He also wrote the Beatles' songs \"Don't Pass Me By\" and \"Octopus's Garden\", and is credited as a co-writer of others, including \"What Goes On\" and \"Flying\".", "Ringo Starr __knowledge__ Starr was twice afflicted by life-threatening illnesses during childhood, and he fell behind in school as a result of prolonged hospitalisations.", "Thomas & Friends merchandise __knowledge__ \"Thomas & Friends\" merchandise has been produced to capitalize on the success of the television series \"Thomas & Friends\" (formerly \"Thomas the Tank Engine and Friends\").", "Thomas & Friends merchandise __knowledge__ Whilst merchandise was produced alongside due to the popularity of the first of The Railway Series books by the Rev.", "Thomas & Friends merchandise __knowledge__ W. Awdry since 1945, and the original broadcast of the television series in 1984 in the United Kingdom, large numbers of manufacturers have sought to produce \"Thomas\"-branded items after the television series was broadcast in America and Japan.", "Thomas & Friends merchandise __knowledge__ The most popular and wide-ranging items of merchandise are the models of the characters, which have been produced in many different ranges, some including accompanying railway systems.", "The Railway Series __knowledge__ The Railway Series is a set of story books about a railway system located on the fictional Island of Sodor.", "The Railway Series __knowledge__ There are 42 books in the series, the first being published in 1945.", "The Railway Series __knowledge__ Twenty-six were written by the Rev.", "The Railway Series __knowledge__ Wilbert Awdry, up to 1972.", "The Railway Series __knowledge__ A further 16 were written by his son, Christopher Awdry; 14 between 1983 and 1996, and two more in 2007 and 2011.", "The Railway Series __knowledge__ Nearly all of \"The Railway Series\" stories were based upon real-life events.", "The Railway Series __knowledge__ As a lifelong railway enthusiast, Awdry was keen that his stories should be as realistic as possible.", "The Railway Series __knowledge__ The engine characters were almost all based upon real classes of locomotive, and some of the railways themselves were directly based upon real lines in the British Isles.", "Wooden toy train __knowledge__ Wooden toy trains are toy trains that run on a wooden track system with grooves to guide the wheels of the rolling stock.", "Wooden toy train __knowledge__ While the trains, tracks and scenery accessories are made mainly of wood, the engines and cars connect to each other using metal hooks or small magnets, and some use plastic wheels mounted on metal axles.", "Wooden toy train __knowledge__ Some trains are made to resemble anthropomorphical, fictional, and prototypical railroad equipment.", "Wooden toy train __knowledge__ Marshal H. Larrabee II founded the Skaneateles Handicrafters in 1936.", "Wooden toy train __knowledge__ This toy company made wooden toy trains and wooden tracks.", "Wooden toy train __knowledge__ The gauge was very similar to that used by most companies today." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Beatles __knowledge__ The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, they became widely regarded as the foremost and most influential music band.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ Rooted in skiffle, beat and 1950s rock and roll, the Beatles later experimented with several musical styles, ranging from pop ballads and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock, often incorporating classical elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ In 1963 their enormous popularity first emerged as \"Beatlemania\"; as the group's music grew in sophistication, led by primary songwriters Lennon and McCartney, the band were integral to pop music's evolution into an art form and to the development of the counterculture of the 1960s.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ The Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960, with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ The core trio of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers, including Pete Best, before asking Starr to join them in 1962.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ Manager Brian Epstein moulded them into a professional act, and producer George Martin guided and developed their recordings, greatly expanding the group's popularity in the United Kingdom after their first hit, \"Love Me Do\", in late 1962.", "Boeing AH-64 Apache __knowledge__ The Boeing AH-64 Apache is an American four-blade, twin-turboshaft attack helicopter with a tailwheel-type landing gear arrangement and a tandem cockpit for a two-man crew.", "Boeing AH-64 Apache __knowledge__ It features a nose-mounted sensor suite for target acquisition and night vision systems.", "Boeing AH-64 Apache __knowledge__ It is armed with a M230 chain gun carried between the main landing gear, under the aircraft's forward fuselage, and four hardpoints mounted on stub-wing pylons for carrying armament and stores, typically a mixture of AGM-114 Hellfire missiles and Hydra 70 rocket pods.", "Boeing AH-64 Apache __knowledge__ The AH-64 has a large amount of systems redundancy to improve combat survivability.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 (樱野3加1), also known as Sakurano in the Philippines, is a Taiwanese drama that airs Sunday on TTV/SETTV.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ This drama brings back Ming Dao and Joe Chen Qiao En.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ Xia Tian, Jia Jiang, Fang Wei, and Bulu all grew up on Westside Street together and currently study in Ying Ye School, one month away from graduation.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ Xia Tian's dad is a police officer in Westside Street and is retiring tomorrow.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ But just on that day, they all had a fight at school with the Dinosaur gang, and were almost expelled by the principal.", "Ying Ye 3 Jia 1 __knowledge__ Officer Xia went to settle the conflict and not only did it not get settled, his gun got misplaced by the principal too.", "Love Stinks (song) __knowledge__ \"Love Stinks\" is a song written by Peter Wolf and Seth Justman that was the title track of the J. Geils Band's 1980 album \"Love Stinks\".", "Love Stinks (song) __knowledge__ The song was released as a single and peaked in the US at #38, spending three weeks in the Top 40.", "Love Stinks (song) __knowledge__ In Canada, the song reached number 15.", "Love Stinks (song) __knowledge__ Joan Jett covered the song for the soundtrack of the 1996 movie \"Mr. Wrong\".", "Love Stinks (song) __knowledge__ The song was also featured in the film \"Opie Gets Laid\".", "Love Stinks (song) __knowledge__ It was also covered by Adam Sandler in the movie \"The Wedding Singer\" and by Himalayaz with Ms. Toi for the movie \"Love Stinks\".", "Love Stinks (song) __knowledge__ The lyrics describe a love triangle in which two participants experience unrequited love, before segueing into a description of love gone sour in general.", "Devil Beside You __knowledge__ Devil Beside You () is a 2005 Taiwanese drama starring Mike He, Rainie Yang and Kingone Wang.", "Devil Beside You __knowledge__ It is based on Japanese manga \"Akuma de Sourou\", , written by Mitsuba Takanashi.", "Devil Beside You __knowledge__ It was produced by Comic Ritz International Production (可米瑞智國際藝能有限公司) with Chai Zhi Ping () as producer and directed by Lin He Long ().", "Devil Beside You __knowledge__ The series was first broadcast in Taiwan on free-to-air China Television (CTV) (中視) from 26 June to 18 September 2005 and cable TV Eastern Television (ETTV) (東森) for 20 episodes.", "Devil Beside You __knowledge__ The story begins with Qi Yue (Rainie Yang) planning to confess her liking to the basketball team captain, Yuan Yi (Kingone Wang).", "Banu Khuza'a __knowledge__ The Banū Khuza’ah (Arabic بنو خزاعة singular خزاعيّ Khuzā’ī) is the name of an Azdite, Qaḥṭānite tribe (some say Muḑarite ‘Adnānite), which is one of the main ancestral tribes of the Arabian Peninsula.", "Banu Khuza'a __knowledge__ They ruled Mecca for a long period, and most of the tribe now live in and around that city, but are also present in lesser numbers in other countries, mainly Israel, the Palestinian Territories, Iraq and Jordan but also small numbers can be found in Lebanon, Egypt, Libya, Syria, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait and UAE.", "Banu Khuza'a __knowledge__ They participated in the Battle of the Trench.", "Banu Khuza'a __knowledge__ The Banu Nadir began rousing the nomads of Najd.", "Bell AH-1 SuperCobra __knowledge__ The Bell AH-1 SuperCobra is a twin-engine attack helicopter based on the United States Army's single-engine AH-1 Cobra.", "Bell AH-1 SuperCobra __knowledge__ The twin Cobra family, itself part of the larger Huey family, includes the AH-1J SeaCobra, the AH-1T Improved SeaCobra, and the AH-1W SuperCobra.", "Bell AH-1 SuperCobra __knowledge__ The AH-1W, the backbone of the United States Marine Corps's attack helicopter fleet for decades is being replaced by the next generation Bell AH-1Z Viper attack helicopter.", "Bell AH-1 SuperCobra __knowledge__ The AH-1 Cobra was developed in the mid-1960s as an interim gunship for the U.S. Army for use during the Vietnam War.", "Bell AH-1 SuperCobra __knowledge__ The Cobra shared the proven transmission, rotor system, and the T53 turboshaft engine of the UH-1 \"Huey\".", "Bell AH-1 Cobra __knowledge__ The Bell AH-1 Cobra is a two-blade, single-engine attack helicopter manufactured by Bell Helicopter.", "Bell AH-1 Cobra __knowledge__ It was developed using the engine, transmission and rotor system of the Bell UH-1 Iroquois.", "Bell AH-1 Cobra __knowledge__ A member of the prolific Huey family, the AH-1 is also referred to as the HueyCobra or Snake.", "Bell AH-1 Cobra __knowledge__ The AH-1 was the backbone of the United States Army's attack helicopter fleet, but has been replaced by the AH-64 Apache in Army service.", "Bell AH-1 Cobra __knowledge__ Upgraded versions continue to fly with the militaries of several other nations.", "Bell AH-1 Cobra __knowledge__ The AH-1 twin engine versions remain in service with United States Marine Corps (USMC) as the service's primary attack helicopter.", "John Lennon __knowledge__ John Winston Ono Lennon, (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, musician, and peace activist who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful band in the history of popular music.", "John Lennon __knowledge__ He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a much-celebrated songwriting partnership.", "John Lennon __knowledge__ Along with George Harrison and Ringo Starr, the group would ascend to world-wide fame during the 1960s.", "John Lennon __knowledge__ Born and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the skiffle craze as a teenager.", "John Lennon __knowledge__ In 1957, he formed his first band, the Quarrymen, which evolved into the Beatles in 1960.", "Yoko Ono __knowledge__ Yoko Ono (born February 18, 1933) is a Japanese multimedia artist, singer, songwriter, and peace activist who is also known for her work in performance art and filmmaking.", "Yoko Ono __knowledge__ She performs in both English and Japanese.", "Yoko Ono __knowledge__ She is known for being the second wife and widow of singer-songwriter John Lennon of the Beatles.", "Yoko Ono __knowledge__ Ono grew up in Tokyo and also spent several formative years in New York City.", "Yoko Ono __knowledge__ She studied at Gakushuin, but withdrew from her course after two years and moved to New York in 1953 to live with her family.", "Yoko Ono __knowledge__ She spent some time at Sarah Lawrence College and then became involved in New York City's downtown artists scene, which included the Fluxus group.", "Mark David Chapman __knowledge__ Mark David Chapman (born May 10, 1955) is an American murderer who shot and killed John Lennon at the entrance to the Dakota apartment building in Manhattan in New York City on December 8, 1980.", "Mark David Chapman __knowledge__ Chapman fired four times at Lennon, hitting him three times in the back and read \"The Catcher in the Rye\" until the police arrived and arrested him.", "Mark David Chapman __knowledge__ He repeatedly said that the novel was his statement.", "Mark David Chapman __knowledge__ Chapman's legal team intended to mount an insanity defense that would be based on expert testimony that he was in a delusional psychotic state at the time of the killing.", "Mark David Chapman __knowledge__ As the trial approached, Chapman instructed his lawyers that he wanted to plead guilty, based on what he had decided was the will of God.", "The Beatles in India __knowledge__ In February 1968, the English rock band the Beatles travelled to Rishikesh in northern India to attend an advanced Transcendental Meditation (TM) training course at the ashram of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi.", "The Beatles in India __knowledge__ The visit followed the group's denunciation of drugs in favour of TM, and received widespread media attention.", "The Beatles in India __knowledge__ Led by George Harrison's commitment, the band's interest in the Maharishi's teachings changed Western attitudes about Indian spirituality and encouraged the study of Transcendental Meditation.", "The Beatles in India __knowledge__ The visit was also one of the most productive periods for the band's songwriting.", "The Beatles in India __knowledge__ The Beatles first met the Maharishi in London in August 1967 and then attended his seminar in Bangor in Wales.", "George Harrison __knowledge__ George Harrison (25 February 1943 – 29 November 2001) was an English guitarist, singer-songwriter, and producer who achieved international fame as the lead guitarist of the Beatles.", "George Harrison __knowledge__ Often referred to as \"the quiet Beatle\", Harrison embraced Indian culture and helped broaden the scope of popular music through his incorporation of Indian instrumentation and Hindu-aligned spirituality in the Beatles' work.", "George Harrison __knowledge__ Although the majority of the band's songs were written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney, most Beatles albums from 1965 onwards contained at least two Harrison compositions.", "George Harrison __knowledge__ His songs for the group included \"Taxman\", \"Within You Without You\", \"While My Guitar Gently Weeps\", \"Here Comes the Sun\" and \"Something\", the last of which became the Beatles' second-most covered song.", "Cynthia Lennon __knowledge__ Cynthia Lillian Lennon (née Powell; 10 September 1939 – 1 April 2015) was the first wife of English musician John Lennon and mother of Julian Lennon.", "Cynthia Lennon __knowledge__ She grew up in the middle-class section of Hoylake, on the Wirral Peninsula in North West England.", "Cynthia Lennon __knowledge__ At the age of 12, she was accepted into the Junior Art School, and was later enrolled in the Liverpool College of Art.", "Cynthia Lennon __knowledge__ John Lennon also attended the college; a meeting with Powell in a calligraphy class led to their relationship.", "Cynthia Lennon __knowledge__ When John was performing in Hamburg with the Beatles, she rented his bedroom from his aunt and legal guardian, Mimi Smith." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "The Beatles __knowledge__ The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, they became widely regarded as the foremost and most influential music band.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ Rooted in skiffle, beat and 1950s rock and roll, the Beatles later experimented with several musical styles, ranging from pop ballads and Indian music to psychedelia and hard rock, often incorporating classical elements and unconventional recording techniques in innovative ways.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ In 1963 their enormous popularity first emerged as \"Beatlemania\"; as the group's music grew in sophistication, led by primary songwriters Lennon and McCartney, the band were integral to pop music's evolution into an art form and to the development of the counterculture of the 1960s.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ The Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960, with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ The core trio of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers, including Pete Best, before asking Starr to join them in 1962.", "The Beatles __knowledge__ Manager Brian Epstein moulded them into a professional act, and producer George Martin guided and developed their recordings, greatly expanding the group's popularity in the United Kingdom after their first hit, \"Love Me Do\", in late 1962.", "Daina (Lithuania) __knowledge__ Daina is the traditional name of vocal folk music in the Baltic languages, and is preserved in Lithuania and Latvia.", "Daina (Lithuania) __knowledge__ Lithuanian \"dainos\" (literally, \"songs\") are often noted not only for their mythological content, but also for relating historical events.", "Daina (Lithuania) __knowledge__ Most Lithuanian folk music is based around various types of \"dainos\", which include romantic songs, wedding songs, as well as work songs, and archaic war songs.", "Daina (Lithuania) __knowledge__ These \"dainos\" are performed either solo, or in groups, and in parallel chords or unison.", "Daina (Lithuania) __knowledge__ There are three ancient styles of singing in Lithuania connected with ethnographical regions: monophony, multi-voiced homophony, heterophony and polyphony.", "Kabir Suman's recorded albums __knowledge__ Since 1992, Kabir Suman recorded a number of studio albums and soundtracks.", "Kabir Suman's recorded albums __knowledge__ Most of those were his self-created songs sung by himself.", "Kabir Suman's recorded albums __knowledge__ However, his self-created songs were sung by many other artists also.", "Kabir Suman's recorded albums __knowledge__ Beside this, he has recorded some songs which were created by Rabindra nath Tagore & composed by Himanshu Dutta.", "Kabir Suman's recorded albums __knowledge__ Kabir Suman, recorded a number of albums between 1992 and 1999 under the name Suman Chattopaddhyay or Suman Chatterjee.", "Kabir Suman's recorded albums __knowledge__ In April 1992, Suman published his first album ‘Tomake Chai’, which had 12 songs.", "Kabir Suman's recorded albums __knowledge__ All songs were sung, written and composed by him.", "Kabir Suman's recorded albums __knowledge__ Except 3 songs, all songs were accompanied by either electronic keyboard, or acoustic guitar, or both (mixed by a four track tape recorder and hardware sequencer) by him alone; those 3 songs were accompanied by tabla and percussion by other artists.", "Sea shanty __knowledge__ A sea shanty, chantey, or chanty is a type of work song that was once commonly sung to accompany labor on board large merchant sailing vessels.", "Sea shanty __knowledge__ The term \"shanty\" most accurately refers to a specific style of work song belonging to this historical repertoire.", "Sea shanty __knowledge__ However, in recent, popular usage, the scope of its definition is sometimes expanded to admit a wider range of repertoire and characteristics, or to refer to a \"maritime work song\" in general.", "Sea shanty __knowledge__ Of uncertain etymological origin, the word \"shanty\" emerged in the mid-19th century in reference to an appreciably distinct genre of work song, developed especially in American-style merchant vessels that had come to prominence in decades prior to the American Civil War.", "Protest songs in the United States __knowledge__ The tradition of protest songs in the United States is a long one that dates back to the 18th century and colonial period, the American Revolutionary War and its aftermath.", "Protest songs in the United States __knowledge__ In the 19th century topical subjects for protest in song included abolition, slavery, poverty, and the Civil War amongst other subjects.", "Protest songs in the United States __knowledge__ In the 20th century civil liberties, civil rights, women's rights, economic injustice, politics and war were among the popular subjects for protest in song.", "Protest songs in the United States __knowledge__ In the 21st century the long tradition continues.", "Protest songs in the United States __knowledge__ 19th-century protest songs dealt, for the most part, with three key issues: war, and the Civil War in particular (such as \"Johnny I Hardly Knew Ye\" from Ireland, and its American variant, \"When Johnny Comes Marching Home Again\", among others); the abolition of slavery (\"Song of the Abolitionist\" \"\"No More Auction Block for Me\"\", \"Oh Freedom\", and \"Sometimes I Feel Like a Motherless Child\", among others); and women's suffrage, both for and against in both Britain and the U.S. Hutchinson Family Singers were one of the protest voices in America at the time.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ Bob Dylan (; born Robert Allen Zimmerman, May 24, 1941) is an American singer-songwriter, author, and painter, who has been an influential figure in popular music and culture for more than five decades.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ Much of his most celebrated work dates from the 1960s, when he became a reluctant \"voice of a generation\" with songs such as \"Blowin' in the Wind\" and \"The Times They Are a-Changin'\" that became anthems for the Civil Rights Movement and anti-war movement.", "Bob Dylan __knowledge__ In 1965, he controversially abandoned his early fan-base in the American folk music revival, recording a six-minute single, \"Like a Rolling Stone\", which enlarged the scope of popular music.", "Protest song __knowledge__ A protest song is a song that is associated with a movement for social change and hence part of the broader category of \"topical\" songs (or songs connected to current events).", "Protest song __knowledge__ It may be folk, classical, or commercial in genre.", "Protest song __knowledge__ Among social movements that have an associated body of songs are the abolition movement, women's suffrage, the labor movement, the human rights movement, civil rights, the anti-war movement and 1960s counterculture, the feminist movement, the sexual revolution, the gay rights movement, animal rights movement, vegetarianism and veganism, gun control, and environmentalism.", "Protest song __knowledge__ Protest songs are often situational, having been associated with a social movement through context.", "Folk music of England __knowledge__ The folk music of England is tradition-based music, which has existed since the later medieval period.", "Folk music of England __knowledge__ It is often contrasted with courtly, classical and later commercial music.", "Folk music of England __knowledge__ Folk music has been preserved and transmitted orally, through print and later through recordings.", "Folk music of England __knowledge__ The term is used to refer to English traditional music and music composed, or delivered, in a traditional style.", "Folk music of England __knowledge__ English folk music has produced or contributed to several important musical genres, including sea shanties, jigs, hornpipes and dance music, such as that used for Morris dancing.", "Folk music of England __knowledge__ It can be seen as having distinct regional and local variations in content and style, particularly in areas more removed from the cultural and political centres of the English state, as in Northumbria, or the West Country.", "Paul McCartney __knowledge__ Sir James Paul McCartney, (born 18 June 1942), is an English singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and composer.", "Paul McCartney __knowledge__ He gained worldwide fame as the bass guitarist and singer for the rock band the Beatles, widely considered the most popular and influential group in the history of pop music.", "Paul McCartney __knowledge__ His songwriting partnership with John Lennon was the most successful of the post-war era.", "Paul McCartney __knowledge__ After the group disbanded in 1970, he pursued a solo career and formed the band Wings with his first wife, Linda, and Denny Laine.", "Paul McCartney __knowledge__ McCartney is one of the most successful composers and performers of all time.", "Paul McCartney __knowledge__ More than 2,200 artists have covered his Beatles song \"Yesterday\", making it one of the most covered songs in popular music history.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "John Lennon __knowledge__ John Winston Ono Lennon, (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, musician, and peace activist who co-founded the Beatles, the most commercially successful band in the history of popular music.", "John Lennon __knowledge__ He and fellow member Paul McCartney formed a much-celebrated songwriting partnership.", "John Lennon __knowledge__ Along with George Harrison and Ringo Starr, the group would ascend to world-wide fame during the 1960s.", "John Lennon __knowledge__ Born and raised in Liverpool, Lennon became involved in the skiffle craze as a teenager.", "John Lennon __knowledge__ In 1957, he formed his first band, the Quarrymen, which evolved into the Beatles in 1960.", "Linda McCartney __knowledge__ Linda Louise McCartney, Lady McCartney (\"née\" Eastman; formerly See; September 24, 1941 – April 17, 1998) was an American musician, photographer, and animal rights activist who was married to Paul McCartney of the Beatles.", "Linda McCartney __knowledge__ Prior to marrying Paul, she was a professional photographer of celebrities and contemporary musicians, with her work published in music industry magazines.", "Linda McCartney __knowledge__ Her photos were also published in the book \"Linda McCartney's Sixties: Portrait of an Era\", in 1992.", "Linda McCartney __knowledge__ Linda married McCartney in 1969 at Marylebone registry office in London and thereafter went to St John's Wood Church for a blessing.", "Pete Best __knowledge__ Randolph Peter Best (born Scanland, 24 November 1941) is an English musician, principally known as an original member and the first drummer of the Beatles, from 1960 to 1962.", "Pete Best __knowledge__ He is one of several people who have been referred to as the Fifth Beatle.", "Pete Best __knowledge__ Best was born in the city of Madras, then part of British India.", "Pete Best __knowledge__ After Best's mother, Mona Best (1924–1988), moved to Liverpool in 1945, she opened the Casbah Coffee Club in the cellar of the Bests' house in Liverpool.", "Pete Best __knowledge__ The Beatles (at the time known as the Quarrymen) played some of their first concerts at the club.", "Pete Best __knowledge__ The Beatles invited Best to join on 12 August 1960, on the eve of the group's first Hamburg season of club dates.", "Sony/ATV Music Publishing __knowledge__ Sony/ATV Music Publishing LLC is an American music publishing company owned by Sony through Sony Entertainment.", "Sony/ATV Music Publishing __knowledge__ The company was founded as a division of Associated Television (ATV) in 1955 by Lew Grade.", "Sony/ATV Music Publishing __knowledge__ In 1985, Michael Jackson acquired ATV Music Publishing for $47.5 million.", "Sony/ATV Music Publishing __knowledge__ Paul McCartney, who had told Jackson about the importance of owning publishing, admitted he felt somewhat undercut by the purchase, because ATV Music Publishing owned the publishing rights to most of The Beatles' songs, although he did not enter the bidding when it came up for sale in 1984.", "Sony/ATV Music Publishing __knowledge__ In December 1995, Michael Jackson agreed to merge ATV Music Publishing with Sony Music Publishing, a division of Sony Corporation, to form Sony/ATV Music Publishing." ] ]

[ 2, 27, 0, 46, 7 ]

[ "I've heard more about the band members than their songs. John, Paul, George, and Ringo were all members of the Beatles.", "He was the drummer for The Beatles. He was the conductor for one of the versions of Thomas the Tank Engine, too.", "I don't think so - at least one of the band members is dead. I think it's John Lennon.", "Yeah, it does. He and Paul McCartney were quite good songwriters together. They could've made a lot more music.", "I only know a couple: \"Love Me Do\", \"Yellow Submarine\", and \"Twist and Shout.\"" ]

[ "The Beatles", "The Beatles", "The Beatles", "The Beatles", "The Beatles" ]

[ "Country music\nI really love country music. Are you a country music fan?", "Yes, I would highly recommend Blake Shelton or Shania Twain. They are both very talented. ", "You're right, she is. I was actually not a fan of Country up until recently when a friend played some songs for me. Do you like Faith Hill at all? She's a good one too. ", "Same. Country music is fun to listen to. " ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Country music __knowledge__ Country (or country and western) is a musical genre that originated in the southern United States in the early 1920s.", "Country music __knowledge__ It takes its roots from genres such as folk music (especially Appalachian folk music) and blues.", "Country music __knowledge__ Country music often consists of ballads and dance tunes with generally simple forms, folk lyric and harmonies accompanied by mostly string instruments such as banjos, electric and acoustic guitars, steel guitars (such as pedal steels and dobros), and fiddles as well as harmonicas.", "Country music __knowledge__ Blues modes have been used extensively throughout its recorded history.", "Country music __knowledge__ According to Lindsey Starnes, the term \"country music\" gained popularity in the 1940s in preference to the earlier term \"hillbilly music\"; it came to encompass Western music, which evolved parallel to hillbilly music from similar roots, in the mid-20th century.", "Country music __knowledge__ In 2009, in the United States country music was the most listened to rush hour radio genre during the evening commute, and second most popular in the morning commute.", "Country music __knowledge__ The term \"country music\" is used today to describe many styles and subgenres.", "Country music __knowledge__ The origins of country music are the folk music of working class Americans, who blended popular songs, Irish and Celtic fiddle tunes, traditional English ballads, and cowboy songs, and various musical traditions from European immigrant communities.", "Dixie Chicks __knowledge__ The Dixie Chicks are an American country music band which has also crossed over into other genres, including pop and alternative country.", "Dixie Chicks __knowledge__ The band is composed of founding members (and sisters) Martie Erwin Maguire and Emily Erwin Robison, and lead singer Natalie Maines.", "Dixie Chicks __knowledge__ The band formed in 1989 in Dallas, Texas, and was originally composed of four women performing bluegrass and country music, busking and touring the bluegrass festival circuits and small venues for six years without attracting a major label.", "Dixie Chicks __knowledge__ After the departure of one bandmate, the replacement of their lead singer, and a slight change in their repertoire, the Dixie Chicks soon achieved commercial success, beginning in 1998 with hit songs \"There's Your Trouble\" and \"Wide Open Spaces\".", "Reba McEntire __knowledge__ Reba Nell McEntire (born March 28, 1955) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and record producer.", "Reba McEntire __knowledge__ She began her career in the music industry as a high school student singing in the Kiowa High School band, on local radio shows with her siblings, and at rodeos.", "Reba McEntire __knowledge__ While a sophomore in college, she performed the National Anthem at the National Rodeo in Oklahoma City and caught the attention of country artist Red Steagall who brought her to Nashville, Tennessee.", "Reba McEntire __knowledge__ She signed a contract with Mercury Records a year later in 1975.", "Reba McEntire __knowledge__ She released her first solo album in 1977 and released five additional studio albums under the label until 1983.", "Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ Carrie Marie Underwood (born March 10, 1983) is an American country singer, songwriter, and actress.", "Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ She rose to fame as the winner of the fourth season of \"American Idol\", in 2005.", "Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ Her debut album, \"Some Hearts\", was released in 2005.", "Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ Bolstered by the huge crossover success of the singles \"Jesus, Take the Wheel\" and \"Before He Cheats\", it became the best-selling solo female debut album in country music history, the fastest-selling debut country album in Nielsen SoundScan history and the best-selling country album of the last 14 years.", "Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ Underwood won three Grammy Awards for the album, including Best New Artist.", "George Jones __knowledge__ George Glenn Jones (September 12, 1931 – April 26, 2013) was an American musician, singer and songwriter.", "George Jones __knowledge__ He achieved international fame for his long list of hit records, including his best known song \"He Stopped Loving Her Today\", as well as his distinctive voice and phrasing.", "George Jones __knowledge__ For the last twenty years of his life, Jones was frequently referred to as the greatest living country singer.", "George Jones __knowledge__ Country music scholar Bill Malone writes, \"For the two or three minutes consumed by a song, Jones immerses himself so completely in its lyrics, and in the mood it conveys, that the listener can scarcely avoid becoming similarly involved.\"", "Tammy Wynette __knowledge__ Tammy Wynette (born Virginia Wynette Pugh; May 5, 1942 – April 6, 1998) was an American country music singer-songwriter and one of country music's best-known artists and biggest-selling female singers.", "Tammy Wynette __knowledge__ Wynette was called the \"First Lady of Country Music\", and her best-known song, \"Stand by Your Man\", is one of the best-selling hit singles by a woman in the history of country music.", "Tammy Wynette __knowledge__ Many of her hits dealt with classic themes of loneliness, divorce, and the difficulties of life and relationships.", "Tammy Wynette __knowledge__ During the late 1960s and early 1970s, Wynette charted 20 number-one songs.", "Tammy Wynette __knowledge__ Along with Loretta Lynn and Dolly Parton, she is credited with having defined the role of women in country music during the 1970s.", "Loretta Lynn __knowledge__ Loretta Lynn (née Webb; born April 14, 1932) is an American country music singer-songwriter with multiple gold albums in a career spanning almost 60 years.", "Loretta Lynn __knowledge__ She is famous for hits such as \"You Ain't Woman Enough (To Take My Man)\", \"Don't Come Home A' Drinkin' (With Lovin' on Your Mind)\", \"One's on the Way\", \"Fist City\", and \"Coal Miner's Daughter\" along with the 1980 biographical film of the same name.", "Loretta Lynn __knowledge__ Lynn has received numerous awards and other accolades for her groundbreaking role in country music, including awards from both the Country Music Association and Academy of Country Music as a duet partner and an individual artist.", "Alan Jackson __knowledge__ Alan Eugene Jackson (born October 17, 1958) is an American singer and songwriter.", "Alan Jackson __knowledge__ He is known for blending traditional honky tonk and mainstream country sounds and penning many of his own songs.", "Alan Jackson __knowledge__ Jackson has recorded 16 studio albums, three greatest hits albums, two Christmas albums, two gospel albums and several compilations.", "Alan Jackson __knowledge__ Jackson has sold over 80 million records worldwide, placing 66 titles on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart.", "Alan Jackson __knowledge__ Of the 66 titles, and six featured singles, 38 have reached the top five and 35 have claimed the number one spot.", "Alan Jackson __knowledge__ Out of 15 titles to reach the \"Billboard\" Top Country Albums chart, nine have been certified multi-platinum.", "The Greencards __knowledge__ The Greencards are an American progressive bluegrass band that formed in 2003 in Austin, Texas, and relocated in 2005 to Nashville, Tennessee.", "The Greencards __knowledge__ The band was founded by Englishman Eamon McLoughlin and Australians Kym Warner and Carol Young.", "The Greencards __knowledge__ The musicians originally performed in local Austin bars, and soon found increasing acclaim.", "The Greencards __knowledge__ They have released one independent album, \"Movin' On\", in 2003, and two albums, \"Weather and Water\" and \"Viridian\", on the Dualtone record label.", "The Greencards __knowledge__ Their fourth album, \"Fascination\", was released on Sugar Hill in 2009.", "The Greencards __knowledge__ Their fifth album, \"The Brick Album\" (2011), was self-produced with the direct support of their fans.", "Elvis Costello __knowledge__ Declan Patrick MacManus (born 25 August 1954), better known by his stage name Elvis Costello, is an English musician, singer-songwriter, and record producer.", "Elvis Costello __knowledge__ He began his career as part of London's pub rock scene in the early 1970s and later became associated with the first wave of the British punk and new wave movement that emerged in the mid-to-late 1970s.", "Elvis Costello __knowledge__ His critically acclaimed debut album, \"My Aim Is True\", was released in 1977.", "Elvis Costello __knowledge__ Shortly after recording it, he formed the Attractions as his backing band.", "Elvis Costello __knowledge__ His second album, \"This Year's Model\", was released in 1978, and was ranked number 11 by \"Rolling Stone\" on its list of the best albums from 1967–1987." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Country music __knowledge__ Country (or country and western) is a musical genre that originated in the southern United States in the early 1920s.", "Country music __knowledge__ It takes its roots from genres such as folk music (especially Appalachian folk music) and blues.", "Country music __knowledge__ Country music often consists of ballads and dance tunes with generally simple forms, folk lyric and harmonies accompanied by mostly string instruments such as banjos, electric and acoustic guitars, steel guitars (such as pedal steels and dobros), and fiddles as well as harmonicas.", "Country music __knowledge__ Blues modes have been used extensively throughout its recorded history.", "Country music __knowledge__ According to Lindsey Starnes, the term \"country music\" gained popularity in the 1940s in preference to the earlier term \"hillbilly music\"; it came to encompass Western music, which evolved parallel to hillbilly music from similar roots, in the mid-20th century.", "Country music __knowledge__ In 2009, in the United States country music was the most listened to rush hour radio genre during the evening commute, and second most popular in the morning commute.", "Country music __knowledge__ The term \"country music\" is used today to describe many styles and subgenres.", "Country music __knowledge__ The origins of country music are the folk music of working class Americans, who blended popular songs, Irish and Celtic fiddle tunes, traditional English ballads, and cowboy songs, and various musical traditions from European immigrant communities.", "Shania Twain __knowledge__ Shania Twain, OC (; born Eilleen Regina Edwards; August 28, 1965) is a Canadian singer and songwriter.", "Shania Twain __knowledge__ She has sold over 100 million records, making her the best-selling female artist in country music history and among the best-selling music artists of all time.", "Shania Twain __knowledge__ Her success garnered her several honorific titles including the \"Queen of Country Pop\".", "Shania Twain __knowledge__ Twain's second album, 1995's \"The Woman in Me\", brought her widespread success selling 20 million copies worldwide, spawning hits such as \"Any Man of Mine\" and earning her a Grammy Award.", "Shania Twain __knowledge__ Twain's third album, \"Come On Over\", became the best-selling studio album of all time by a female act in any genre and the best-selling country album, selling around 40 million copies worldwide.", "Today Is Your Day __knowledge__ \"Today Is Your Day\" is a song by the Canadian singer-songwriter Shania Twain.", "Today Is Your Day __knowledge__ It was self-penned by Twain and co-produced by David Foster and Nathan Chapman.", "Today Is Your Day __knowledge__ The song was released on June 12, 2011 by Mercury Nashville Records, as a promotional single to accompany the documentary television series \"Why Not?", "Today Is Your Day __knowledge__ with Shania Twain\" (2011).", "Today Is Your Day __knowledge__ The song marked Twain's first song release in over six years and actually even the only song release of her own within a timespan of twelve years.", "Today Is Your Day __knowledge__ Twain wrote the track for self-inspiration, during the development of \"Why Not?", "Today Is Your Day __knowledge__ with Shania Twain\".", "Today Is Your Day __knowledge__ To her, \"Today Is Your Day\" became the theme song for the series, expressing the purpose behind it via music.", "Blake Shelton __knowledge__ Blake Tollison Shelton (born June 18, 1976) is an American country singer-songwriter and television personality.", "Blake Shelton __knowledge__ In 2001, he made his debut with the single \"Austin\".", "Blake Shelton __knowledge__ The lead-off single from his self-titled debut album, \"Austin\" spent five weeks at number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart.", "Blake Shelton __knowledge__ The now Platinum-certified debut album also produced two more top 20 entries (\"All Over Me\" and \"Ol' Red\").", "Blake Shelton __knowledge__ Although the album was released on Giant Records Nashville, he was transferred to Warner Bros. Records Nashville after Giant closed in late 2001.", "Blake Shelton __knowledge__ His second and third albums, 2003's \"The Dreamer\" and 2004's \"Blake Shelton's Barn & Grill\", are gold and platinum, respectively.", "Shania: Still the One __knowledge__ Shania: Still the One was a concert residency by Canadian singer-songwriter Shania Twain, performed at The Colosseum at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas, Nevada.", "Shania: Still the One __knowledge__ The show began on December 1, 2012, and ended on December 13, 2014, with Twain performing a total of 105 shows.", "Shania: Still the One __knowledge__ Shania: Still the One was created by Twain, produced by AEG Live and directed by Raj Kapoor.", "Shania: Still the One __knowledge__ The purpose of the show is to \"take fans on a spectacular journey through the various stages of Shania's life and career in an unforgettable evening filled with music, multi-sensory and visual experiences, fashion and the unexpected\".", "Shania: Still the One __knowledge__ In 1993, Twain released her eponymous debut studio album, which caught the attention of record producer Robert John \"Mutt\" Lange.", "Man! I Feel Like a Woman! __knowledge__ \"Man!", "Man! I Feel Like a Woman! __knowledge__ I Feel Like a Woman!\"", "Man! I Feel Like a Woman! __knowledge__ is a song recorded by Canadian singer-songwriter Shania Twain taken from her third studio album, \"Come On Over\" (1997).", "Man! I Feel Like a Woman! __knowledge__ Written by Twain with her longtime collaborator and then-husband Robert John \"Mutt\" Lange, who also produced the track, the song was released first to North American country radio stations in March 1999 as the seventh single from the album, and later it was released worldwide in September 1999.", "Man! I Feel Like a Woman! __knowledge__ \"Man!", "Man! I Feel Like a Woman! __knowledge__ I Feel Like a Woman!\"", "Man! I Feel Like a Woman! __knowledge__ is a country pop song with lyrics about female empowerment.", "Man! I Feel Like a Woman! __knowledge__ The song received generally favorable reviews from music critics, who praised the song's attitude and hook as well as Twain's vocals.", "Shania Twain Centre __knowledge__ The Shania Twain Centre was a city-owned tourist attraction that operated in Timmins, Ontario from 2001 to 2013.", "Shania Twain Centre __knowledge__ It exhibited memorabilia, awards and other personal items loaned to the Centre by singer Shania Twain, who was raised in Timmins.", "Shania Twain Centre __knowledge__ The Shania Twain Centre was opened on June 30, 2001.", "Shania Twain Centre __knowledge__ On November 2, 2004, Twain visited the Centre and officially declared it open before an audience of hundreds of fans from around the world, some of whom had queued for up to 20 hours for the opportunity of an autograph and greeting with Twain.", "Shania Twain Centre __knowledge__ From 2003 to 2012, fans of Shania Twain traveled to Timmins for the International Shania Twain Fan Convention.", "I'm Gonna Getcha Good! __knowledge__ \"I'm Gonna Getcha Good!\"", "I'm Gonna Getcha Good! __knowledge__ is a song co-written and recorded by Canadian singer Shania Twain.", "I'm Gonna Getcha Good! __knowledge__ It was the first single from her album \"Up!\"", "I'm Gonna Getcha Good! __knowledge__ The song was written by Mutt Lange and Shania Twain.", "I'm Gonna Getcha Good! __knowledge__ \"I'm Gonna Getcha Good!\"", "I'm Gonna Getcha Good! __knowledge__ was originally released to American radio on September 23, 2002.", "I'm Gonna Getcha Good! __knowledge__ Shania chose \"I'm Gonna Getcha Good!\"", "I'm Gonna Getcha Good! __knowledge__ as the first single for \"Up!\"", "I'm Gonna Getcha Good! __knowledge__ since she felt it was relatable to past Shania singles, and she didn't want something too unfamiliar.", "I'm Gonna Getcha Good! __knowledge__ The song has become one of her biggest hits worldwide, charting in different countries where she had never had hits before.", "I'm Gonna Getcha Good! __knowledge__ At the 2003 Juno Awards \"I'm Gonna Getcha Good!\"", "The Woman in Me (Shania Twain album) __knowledge__ The Woman in Me is the second studio album by Canadian country singer Shania Twain and her first with the majority of the songs co-written by her.", "The Woman in Me (Shania Twain album) __knowledge__ Released on February 7, 1995, it went on to become her biggest-selling recording at the time of its release, selling 4 million copies by the end of the year, and was eventually certified 12× Platinum by the RIAA on December 1, 2000, representing 12 million shipments throughout the United States, and 20 million copies worldwide.", "The Woman in Me (Shania Twain album) __knowledge__ It was ranked #8 on CMT's list of \"40 Greatest Albums in Country Music\" in 2006.", "The Woman in Me (Shania Twain album) __knowledge__ By 1993, Shania Twain was promoting her debut album by singing at local gigs in the United States with little more than a backing track CD.", "Don't Let Me Be the Last to Know __knowledge__ \"Don't Let Me Be the Last to Know\" is a song recorded by American singer Britney Spears for her second studio album, \"Oops!...", "Don't Let Me Be the Last to Know __knowledge__ I Did It Again\" (2000).", "Don't Let Me Be the Last to Know __knowledge__ It was released on January 15, 2001, by Jive Records as the fourth and final single from the album.", "Don't Let Me Be the Last to Know __knowledge__ After meeting with producer Robert John \"Mutt\" Lange in Switzerland, Spears recorded several songs for the album, including \"Don't Let Me Be the Last to Know\", which she considered one of her favorites on the album.", "Don't Let Me Be the Last to Know __knowledge__ Additional lyrics were written by guitar player Keith Scott and country pop singer Shania Twain.", "Don't Let Me Be the Last to Know __knowledge__ The teen-pop ballad speaks of a woman wanting to hear her boyfriend say that he needs loves her, and features a sound similar to David Bowie and Iggy Pop's song \"China Girl\" (1983).", "Culture of the Southern United States __knowledge__ The culture of the Southern United States, or Southern culture, is a subculture of the United States.", "Culture of the Southern United States __knowledge__ The combination of its unique history and the fact that many Southerners maintain—and even nurture—an identity separate from the rest of the country has led to its being the most studied and written-about region of the U.S. Southern culture has been and remains generally more socially conservative than that of the rest of the country.", "Culture of the Southern United States __knowledge__ Because of the central role of agriculture in the antebellum economy, society remained stratified according to land ownership, and communities often developed strong attachment to their churches as the primary community institution.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The music of the United States reflects the country's multi-ethnic population through a diverse array of styles.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ It is a mixture of music influenced by West African, Irish, Scottish and mainland European among others.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The country's most internationally renowned genres are jazz, blues, country, bluegrass, rock, rhythm and blues, soul, ragtime, hip hop, barbershop, pop, experimental, techno, house, dance, boogaloo, salsa, and rock and roll.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The United States has the world's largest music market with a total retail value of 4,898.3 million dollars in 2014, and its music is heard around the world.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ Since the beginning of the 20th century, some forms of American popular music have gained a near global audience.", "2000s in music __knowledge__ This article includes an overview of the major events and trends in popular music in the 2000s.", "2000s in music __knowledge__ The 2000s saw the creation or emergence of a few styles, such as indie-related genres such as Emo, Alternative R&B, and a multitude of new electronic subgenres, most notably Dubstep, Bass music and Moombahton, as well as genres that fused influences from past decades, mostly the 80s, into creating new styles such as Nu-disco and Hypnagogic pop.", "2000s in music __knowledge__ In fact convergence of different styles was one of the more defining features of the decade, as seen with the creation and commercial success of the British Grime genre and Trap music and Chillwave in the United States.", "Dixie Chicks __knowledge__ The Dixie Chicks are an American country music band which has also crossed over into other genres, including pop and alternative country.", "Dixie Chicks __knowledge__ The band is composed of founding members (and sisters) Martie Erwin Maguire and Emily Erwin Robison, and lead singer Natalie Maines.", "Dixie Chicks __knowledge__ The band formed in 1989 in Dallas, Texas, and was originally composed of four women performing bluegrass and country music, busking and touring the bluegrass festival circuits and small venues for six years without attracting a major label.", "Dixie Chicks __knowledge__ After the departure of one bandmate, the replacement of their lead singer, and a slight change in their repertoire, the Dixie Chicks soon achieved commercial success, beginning in 1998 with hit songs \"There's Your Trouble\" and \"Wide Open Spaces\".", "Randall Franks __knowledge__ Randall Franks is an American film and television actor, author, and a bluegrass singer and musician who plays fiddle, mandolin, guitar, and mountain dulcimer.", "Randall Franks __knowledge__ He was inducted into the Independent Country Music Hall of Fame in 2013; recognized by the International Bluegrass Music Museum in 2010 as a Bluegrass Legend; inducted into the Atlanta Country Music Hall of Fame in 2004; and was designated the \"Appalachian Ambassador of the Fiddle\".", "Randall Franks __knowledge__ After taking a hiatus (2001-2009) from film and dramatic television, he returned in 2009 as attorney Alvin Potter for \"Robert Townsend's Musical Theater of Hope\".", "Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ Carrie Marie Underwood (born March 10, 1983) is an American country singer, songwriter, and actress.", "Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ She rose to fame as the winner of the fourth season of \"American Idol\", in 2005.", "Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ Her debut album, \"Some Hearts\", was released in 2005.", "Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ Bolstered by the huge crossover success of the singles \"Jesus, Take the Wheel\" and \"Before He Cheats\", it became the best-selling solo female debut album in country music history, the fastest-selling debut country album in Nielsen SoundScan history and the best-selling country album of the last 14 years.", "Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ Underwood won three Grammy Awards for the album, including Best New Artist.", "Elvis Costello __knowledge__ Declan Patrick MacManus (born 25 August 1954), better known by his stage name Elvis Costello, is an English musician, singer-songwriter, and record producer.", "Elvis Costello __knowledge__ He began his career as part of London's pub rock scene in the early 1970s and later became associated with the first wave of the British punk and new wave movement that emerged in the mid-to-late 1970s.", "Elvis Costello __knowledge__ His critically acclaimed debut album, \"My Aim Is True\", was released in 1977.", "Elvis Costello __knowledge__ Shortly after recording it, he formed the Attractions as his backing band.", "Elvis Costello __knowledge__ His second album, \"This Year's Model\", was released in 1978, and was ranked number 11 by \"Rolling Stone\" on its list of the best albums from 1967–1987.", "Tammy Wynette __knowledge__ Tammy Wynette (born Virginia Wynette Pugh; May 5, 1942 – April 6, 1998) was an American country music singer-songwriter and one of country music's best-known artists and biggest-selling female singers.", "Tammy Wynette __knowledge__ Wynette was called the \"First Lady of Country Music\", and her best-known song, \"Stand by Your Man\", is one of the best-selling hit singles by a woman in the history of country music.", "Tammy Wynette __knowledge__ Many of her hits dealt with classic themes of loneliness, divorce, and the difficulties of life and relationships.", "Tammy Wynette __knowledge__ During the late 1960s and early 1970s, Wynette charted 20 number-one songs.", "Tammy Wynette __knowledge__ Along with Loretta Lynn and Dolly Parton, she is credited with having defined the role of women in country music during the 1970s.", "American Idol __knowledge__ American Idol is an American singing competition television series created by Simon Fuller, produced by FremantleMedia North America and 19 Entertainment, and distributed by FremantleMedia North America.", "American Idol __knowledge__ It began airing on Fox on June 11, 2002, and ended its first run on April 7, 2016.", "American Idol __knowledge__ On March 11, 2018, the show will make its debut on ABC.", "American Idol __knowledge__ It started off as an addition to the \"Idols\" format based on the British series \"Pop Idol\", and became one of the most successful shows in the history of American television.", "American Idol __knowledge__ The concept of the series involves discovering recording stars from unsigned singing talents, with the winner determined by the viewers in America through telephones, Internet, and SMS text voting." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Country music __knowledge__ Country (or country and western) is a musical genre that originated in the southern United States in the early 1920s.", "Country music __knowledge__ It takes its roots from genres such as folk music (especially Appalachian folk music) and blues.", "Country music __knowledge__ Country music often consists of ballads and dance tunes with generally simple forms, folk lyric and harmonies accompanied by mostly string instruments such as banjos, electric and acoustic guitars, steel guitars (such as pedal steels and dobros), and fiddles as well as harmonicas.", "Country music __knowledge__ Blues modes have been used extensively throughout its recorded history.", "Country music __knowledge__ According to Lindsey Starnes, the term \"country music\" gained popularity in the 1940s in preference to the earlier term \"hillbilly music\"; it came to encompass Western music, which evolved parallel to hillbilly music from similar roots, in the mid-20th century.", "Country music __knowledge__ In 2009, in the United States country music was the most listened to rush hour radio genre during the evening commute, and second most popular in the morning commute.", "Country music __knowledge__ The term \"country music\" is used today to describe many styles and subgenres.", "Country music __knowledge__ The origins of country music are the folk music of working class Americans, who blended popular songs, Irish and Celtic fiddle tunes, traditional English ballads, and cowboy songs, and various musical traditions from European immigrant communities.", "Tim McGraw __knowledge__ Samuel Timothy \"Tim\" McGraw (born May 1, 1967) is an American country singer, songwriter, and actor.", "Tim McGraw __knowledge__ He has been married to singer Faith Hill since 1996, and is a son of the late baseball player Tug McGraw.", "Tim McGraw __knowledge__ McGraw began singing in a neotraditional country style, but starting with 1997's \"Everywhere\", he developed a more crossover-friendly, country pop sound, making him one of the first male Country singers of his generation to crossover to Pop.", "Tim McGraw __knowledge__ McGraw has released fourteen studio albums (eleven for Curb Records and three for Big Machine Records).", "Tim McGraw __knowledge__ 10 of those albums have reached number 1 on the Top Country Albums charts, with his 1994 breakthrough album \"Not a Moment Too Soon\" being the top country album of 1994.", "Faith Hill __knowledge__ Audrey Faith McGraw (born September 21, 1967) is an American singer and record producer.", "Faith Hill __knowledge__ She is one of the most successful country artists of all time, having sold more than 40 million albums worldwide.", "Faith Hill __knowledge__ Hill is married to American singer Tim McGraw, with whom she has recorded several duets.", "Faith Hill __knowledge__ Hill's first two albums, \"Take Me as I Am\" (1993) and \"It Matters to Me\" (1995), were major successes and placed a combined three number ones on \"Billboard\"'s country charts.", "Faith Hill __knowledge__ She then achieved mainstream and crossover success with her next two albums, \"Faith\" (1998) and \"Breathe\" (1999).", "Faith Hill __knowledge__ \"Faith\" spawned her first international hit in early 1998, \"This Kiss\", while \"Breathe\" became one of the best-selling country albums of all time, led by the huge crossover success of the songs \"Breathe\" and \"The Way You Love Me\".", "NBC Sunday Night Football __knowledge__ NBC Sunday Night Football (abbreviated as SNF) is a weekly television broadcast of National Football League (NFL) games on NBC in the United States.", "NBC Sunday Night Football __knowledge__ It began airing on August 6, 2006 with the Pro Football Hall of Fame Game, which opened that year's preseason.", "NBC Sunday Night Football __knowledge__ NBC took over the rights to the Sunday prime time game telecasts from ESPN, which carried the broadcasts from 1987 to 2005 (concurrently with NBC assuming the rights to Sunday evening regular-season games, ESPN took over the broadcast rights to \"Monday Night Football\" from sister network ABC beginning with the 2006 season).", "NBC Sunday Night Football __knowledge__ Previously, NBC had aired American Football League (AFL), and later American Football Conference (AFC), games from 1960 until 1998, when CBS took over those rights.", "Soul2Soul II Tour __knowledge__ The Soul2Soul II Tour was the second co-headlining concert tour between American country music singers, and husband and wife, Tim McGraw and Faith Hill.", "Soul2Soul II Tour __knowledge__ Beginning as the Soul2Soul II Tour 2006, its shows featured elaborate production values using an open, cross-shaped stage.", "Soul2Soul II Tour __knowledge__ Performances consisted of a set by Hill and set by McGraw, with the two sharing duets before, during, and after the individual sets.", "Soul2Soul II Tour __knowledge__ Over the course of the show, the duets traced a thematic development starting at estrangement and ending in emotional closeness.", "Soul2Soul II Tour __knowledge__ The tour capitalized on McGraw and Hill's popularity, both as musical artists and as a couple.", "Maltese nationality law __knowledge__ Maltese nationality law is based primarily on the principles of Jus sanguinis, although prior to 1 August 1989 the principle of Jus soli was the basis of the law.", "Maltese nationality law __knowledge__ Dual citizenship was severely restricted under Maltese law from independence in 1964 until 10 February 2000, when all restrictions were removed.", "Maltese nationality law __knowledge__ Dual citizenship had been allowed in limited circumstances from 1989, but only for persons born in Malta who met specific residence criteria.", "Maltese nationality law __knowledge__ Prior to 21 September 1964, Malta was a British Crown colony and Maltese persons held British nationality.", "Maltese nationality law __knowledge__ Maltese citizenship was conferred at independence, 21 September 1964, upon persons born in Malta who had a Maltese-born parent.", "Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ Carrie Marie Underwood (born March 10, 1983) is an American country singer, songwriter, and actress.", "Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ She rose to fame as the winner of the fourth season of \"American Idol\", in 2005.", "Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ Her debut album, \"Some Hearts\", was released in 2005.", "Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ Bolstered by the huge crossover success of the singles \"Jesus, Take the Wheel\" and \"Before He Cheats\", it became the best-selling solo female debut album in country music history, the fastest-selling debut country album in Nielsen SoundScan history and the best-selling country album of the last 14 years.", "Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ Underwood won three Grammy Awards for the album, including Best New Artist.", "You Belong with Me __knowledge__ \"You Belong with Me\" is a song performed by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift.", "You Belong with Me __knowledge__ The song was co-written by Swift and Liz Rose and produced by Nathan Chapman with Swift's aid.", "You Belong with Me __knowledge__ It was released on April 18, 2009, by Big Machine Records as the third single from Swift's second studio album, \"Fearless\" (2008).", "You Belong with Me __knowledge__ Swift was inspired to write \"You Belong with Me\" after overhearing a male friend of hers arguing with his girlfriend through a phone call; she continued to develop a story line afterward.", "You Belong with Me __knowledge__ The song contains many pop music elements and its lyrics have Swift desiring an out-of-reach love interest.", "George Jones __knowledge__ George Glenn Jones (September 12, 1931 – April 26, 2013) was an American musician, singer and songwriter.", "George Jones __knowledge__ He achieved international fame for his long list of hit records, including his best known song \"He Stopped Loving Her Today\", as well as his distinctive voice and phrasing.", "George Jones __knowledge__ For the last twenty years of his life, Jones was frequently referred to as the greatest living country singer.", "George Jones __knowledge__ Country music scholar Bill Malone writes, \"For the two or three minutes consumed by a song, Jones immerses himself so completely in its lyrics, and in the mood it conveys, that the listener can scarcely avoid becoming similarly involved.\"", "Give In to Me (Faith Hill song) __knowledge__ \"Give In to Me\" is a song written by Billy Falcon, Rose Falcon, and Elisha Hoffman and recorded by American country pop singer Faith Hill for \"Country Strong\", the soundtrack to the 2010 film of the same name.", "Give In to Me (Faith Hill song) __knowledge__ The song was produced by Jay Joyce.", "Give In to Me (Faith Hill song) __knowledge__ It is the only track on the album to not be included in the film itself.", "Give In to Me (Faith Hill song) __knowledge__ Despite not being released as a single, Hill's recording reached number 56 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Songs chart in 2011 due to unsolicited airplay.", "Give In to Me (Faith Hill song) __knowledge__ An alternate version of the song was recorded by two the film's stars, Garrett Hedlund and Leighton Meester, for a companion album titled \"Country Strong (More Music from the Motion Picture)\".", "Shania Twain __knowledge__ Shania Twain, OC (; born Eilleen Regina Edwards; August 28, 1965) is a Canadian singer and songwriter.", "Shania Twain __knowledge__ She has sold over 100 million records, making her the best-selling female artist in country music history and among the best-selling music artists of all time.", "Shania Twain __knowledge__ Her success garnered her several honorific titles including the \"Queen of Country Pop\".", "Shania Twain __knowledge__ Twain's second album, 1995's \"The Woman in Me\", brought her widespread success selling 20 million copies worldwide, spawning hits such as \"Any Man of Mine\" and earning her a Grammy Award.", "Shania Twain __knowledge__ Twain's third album, \"Come On Over\", became the best-selling studio album of all time by a female act in any genre and the best-selling country album, selling around 40 million copies worldwide.", "Today Is Your Day __knowledge__ \"Today Is Your Day\" is a song by the Canadian singer-songwriter Shania Twain.", "Today Is Your Day __knowledge__ It was self-penned by Twain and co-produced by David Foster and Nathan Chapman.", "Today Is Your Day __knowledge__ The song was released on June 12, 2011 by Mercury Nashville Records, as a promotional single to accompany the documentary television series \"Why Not?", "Today Is Your Day __knowledge__ with Shania Twain\" (2011).", "Today Is Your Day __knowledge__ The song marked Twain's first song release in over six years and actually even the only song release of her own within a timespan of twelve years.", "Today Is Your Day __knowledge__ Twain wrote the track for self-inspiration, during the development of \"Why Not?", "Today Is Your Day __knowledge__ with Shania Twain\".", "Today Is Your Day __knowledge__ To her, \"Today Is Your Day\" became the theme song for the series, expressing the purpose behind it via music.", "Avril Lavigne __knowledge__ Avril Ramona Lavigne (; ; born 27 September 1984) is a Canadian singer-songwriter and actress.", "Avril Lavigne __knowledge__ By the age of 15, she had appeared on stage with Shania Twain; by 16, she had signed a two-album recording contract with Arista Records worth more than $2 million.", "Avril Lavigne __knowledge__ In 2002 she released her debut album, \"Let Go\", emphasising a skate punk persona in which she has been often referred by critics and music publications as The \"Pop Punk Queen\" due to her achievement and impact in the industry.", "Avril Lavigne __knowledge__ Lavigne is considered a key musician in the development of pop punk music since she paved the way for female-driven, punk-influenced pop music.", "Shania: Still the One __knowledge__ Shania: Still the One was a concert residency by Canadian singer-songwriter Shania Twain, performed at The Colosseum at Caesars Palace in Las Vegas, Nevada.", "Shania: Still the One __knowledge__ The show began on December 1, 2012, and ended on December 13, 2014, with Twain performing a total of 105 shows.", "Shania: Still the One __knowledge__ Shania: Still the One was created by Twain, produced by AEG Live and directed by Raj Kapoor.", "Shania: Still the One __knowledge__ The purpose of the show is to \"take fans on a spectacular journey through the various stages of Shania's life and career in an unforgettable evening filled with music, multi-sensory and visual experiences, fashion and the unexpected\".", "Shania: Still the One __knowledge__ In 1993, Twain released her eponymous debut studio album, which caught the attention of record producer Robert John \"Mutt\" Lange.", "Man! I Feel Like a Woman! __knowledge__ \"Man!", "Man! I Feel Like a Woman! __knowledge__ I Feel Like a Woman!\"", "Man! I Feel Like a Woman! __knowledge__ is a song recorded by Canadian singer-songwriter Shania Twain taken from her third studio album, \"Come On Over\" (1997).", "Man! I Feel Like a Woman! __knowledge__ Written by Twain with her longtime collaborator and then-husband Robert John \"Mutt\" Lange, who also produced the track, the song was released first to North American country radio stations in March 1999 as the seventh single from the album, and later it was released worldwide in September 1999.", "Man! I Feel Like a Woman! __knowledge__ \"Man!", "Man! I Feel Like a Woman! __knowledge__ I Feel Like a Woman!\"", "Man! I Feel Like a Woman! __knowledge__ is a country pop song with lyrics about female empowerment.", "Man! I Feel Like a Woman! __knowledge__ The song received generally favorable reviews from music critics, who praised the song's attitude and hook as well as Twain's vocals.", "I'm Gonna Getcha Good! __knowledge__ \"I'm Gonna Getcha Good!\"", "I'm Gonna Getcha Good! __knowledge__ is a song co-written and recorded by Canadian singer Shania Twain.", "I'm Gonna Getcha Good! __knowledge__ It was the first single from her album \"Up!\"", "I'm Gonna Getcha Good! __knowledge__ The song was written by Mutt Lange and Shania Twain.", "I'm Gonna Getcha Good! __knowledge__ \"I'm Gonna Getcha Good!\"", "I'm Gonna Getcha Good! __knowledge__ was originally released to American radio on September 23, 2002.", "I'm Gonna Getcha Good! __knowledge__ Shania chose \"I'm Gonna Getcha Good!\"", "I'm Gonna Getcha Good! __knowledge__ as the first single for \"Up!\"", "I'm Gonna Getcha Good! __knowledge__ since she felt it was relatable to past Shania singles, and she didn't want something too unfamiliar.", "I'm Gonna Getcha Good! __knowledge__ The song has become one of her biggest hits worldwide, charting in different countries where she had never had hits before.", "I'm Gonna Getcha Good! __knowledge__ At the 2003 Juno Awards \"I'm Gonna Getcha Good!\"", "Celine Dion __knowledge__ Céline Marie Claudette Dion, (; ; born 30 March 1968) is a Canadian singer and businesswoman.", "Celine Dion __knowledge__ Born into a large family from Charlemagne, Quebec, Dion emerged as a teen star in the French-speaking world after her manager and future husband René Angélil mortgaged his home to finance her first record.", "Celine Dion __knowledge__ Dion first gained international recognition in the 1980s by winning both the 1982 Yamaha World Popular Song Festival and the 1988 Eurovision Song Contest where she represented Switzerland.", "Celine Dion __knowledge__ Following a series of French albums during the 1980s, she signed on to Epic Records in the United States.", "Celine Dion __knowledge__ In 1990, Dion released her debut English-language album, \"Unison\", establishing herself as a viable pop artist in North America and other English-speaking areas of the world.", "Shania Twain Centre __knowledge__ The Shania Twain Centre was a city-owned tourist attraction that operated in Timmins, Ontario from 2001 to 2013.", "Shania Twain Centre __knowledge__ It exhibited memorabilia, awards and other personal items loaned to the Centre by singer Shania Twain, who was raised in Timmins.", "Shania Twain Centre __knowledge__ The Shania Twain Centre was opened on June 30, 2001.", "Shania Twain Centre __knowledge__ On November 2, 2004, Twain visited the Centre and officially declared it open before an audience of hundreds of fans from around the world, some of whom had queued for up to 20 hours for the opportunity of an autograph and greeting with Twain.", "Shania Twain Centre __knowledge__ From 2003 to 2012, fans of Shania Twain traveled to Timmins for the International Shania Twain Fan Convention.", "Up! (album) __knowledge__ Up!", "Up! (album) __knowledge__ is the fourth studio album by Canadian singer Shania Twain.", "Up! (album) __knowledge__ It was released on November 19, 2002, by Mercury Nashville.", "Up! (album) __knowledge__ Three versions of the album were released: a pop version (red disc), a country version (green disc), and an international version (blue disc) in the style of Indian film music; all three discs contain exactly the same track listing and feature distinctly identifiable picture labels (for example, Twain sports a cowboy hat on the green country disc.)", "Up! (album) __knowledge__ In the US, \"Up!\"", "Up! (album) __knowledge__ debuted at No.", "Up! (album) __knowledge__ 1 with sales of 874,000 copies.", "Up! (album) __knowledge__ On September 23, 2004, the RIAA certified \"Up!\"", "Up! (album) __knowledge__ at 11× Platinum, giving her the distinction of being the only female artist to have three consecutive Diamond albums released in the United States." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Country music __knowledge__ Country (or country and western) is a musical genre that originated in the southern United States in the early 1920s.", "Country music __knowledge__ It takes its roots from genres such as folk music (especially Appalachian folk music) and blues.", "Country music __knowledge__ Country music often consists of ballads and dance tunes with generally simple forms, folk lyric and harmonies accompanied by mostly string instruments such as banjos, electric and acoustic guitars, steel guitars (such as pedal steels and dobros), and fiddles as well as harmonicas.", "Country music __knowledge__ Blues modes have been used extensively throughout its recorded history.", "Country music __knowledge__ According to Lindsey Starnes, the term \"country music\" gained popularity in the 1940s in preference to the earlier term \"hillbilly music\"; it came to encompass Western music, which evolved parallel to hillbilly music from similar roots, in the mid-20th century.", "Country music __knowledge__ In 2009, in the United States country music was the most listened to rush hour radio genre during the evening commute, and second most popular in the morning commute.", "Country music __knowledge__ The term \"country music\" is used today to describe many styles and subgenres.", "Country music __knowledge__ The origins of country music are the folk music of working class Americans, who blended popular songs, Irish and Celtic fiddle tunes, traditional English ballads, and cowboy songs, and various musical traditions from European immigrant communities.", "George Jones __knowledge__ George Glenn Jones (September 12, 1931 – April 26, 2013) was an American musician, singer and songwriter.", "George Jones __knowledge__ He achieved international fame for his long list of hit records, including his best known song \"He Stopped Loving Her Today\", as well as his distinctive voice and phrasing.", "George Jones __knowledge__ For the last twenty years of his life, Jones was frequently referred to as the greatest living country singer.", "George Jones __knowledge__ Country music scholar Bill Malone writes, \"For the two or three minutes consumed by a song, Jones immerses himself so completely in its lyrics, and in the mood it conveys, that the listener can scarcely avoid becoming similarly involved.\"", "Australian country music __knowledge__ Australian country music is a part of the music of Australia.", "Australian country music __knowledge__ There is a broad range of styles, from bluegrass, to yodeling to folk to the more popular.", "Australian country music __knowledge__ The genre has been influenced by Celtic and English folk music, the Australian bush ballad tradition, as well as by popular American country music.", "Australian country music __knowledge__ Themes include: outback life, the lives of stockmen, truckers and outlaws, songs of romance and of political protest; and songs about the \"beauty and the terror\" of the Australian bush.", "Australian country music __knowledge__ Early pioneers included Slim Dusty, Smoky Dawson (MBE), (OAM), Tex Morton and Buddy Williams all members of the Australasian Roll Of Renown.", "This Is Country Music __knowledge__ This Is Country Music is the eighth studio album by American country music artist Brad Paisley.", "This Is Country Music __knowledge__ The album was originally scheduled to be released April 19, but was pushed back to May 23, 2011 by recording label Arista Nashville.", "This Is Country Music __knowledge__ Brad Paisley debuted the title track from the album on the 44th CMA Awards on November 10, 2010, and he received a standing ovation.", "This Is Country Music __knowledge__ This performance got Brad's fans excited for the release of his new album.", "This Is Country Music __knowledge__ Brad Paisley wrote this album to pay tribute to various artists that have shaped his career.", "This Is Country Music __knowledge__ This includes Dick Dale for the song \"Working on a Tan\" and Ennio Morricone for the song \"Eastwood\".", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Taylor Alison Swift (born December 13, 1989) is an American singer-songwriter.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ One of the leading contemporary recording artists, she is known for narrative songs about her personal life, which have received widespread media coverage.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Born and raised in Pennsylvania, Swift moved to Nashville, Tennessee at the age of 14 to pursue a career in country music.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ She signed with the label Big Machine Records and became the youngest artist ever signed by the Sony/ATV Music publishing house.", "Taylor Swift __knowledge__ Her self-titled debut album in 2006 peaked at number five on the \"Billboard\" 200 and spent the most weeks on the chart in the 2000s.", "Dolly Parton __knowledge__ Dolly Rebecca Parton Dean (born January 19, 1946) is an American singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, record producer, actress, author, businesswoman, and philanthropist, known primarily for her work in country music.", "Dolly Parton __knowledge__ After achieving success as a songwriter for others, Dolly Parton made her album debut in 1967, with her album \"Hello, I'm Dolly\".", "Dolly Parton __knowledge__ With steady success during the remainder of the 1960s (both as a solo artist and with a series of duet albums with Porter Wagoner), her sales and chart peak came during the 1970s and continuing into the 1980s; Parton's subsequent albums in the later part of the 1990s were lower in sales.", "Reba McEntire __knowledge__ Reba Nell McEntire (born March 28, 1955) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and record producer.", "Reba McEntire __knowledge__ She began her career in the music industry as a high school student singing in the Kiowa High School band, on local radio shows with her siblings, and at rodeos.", "Reba McEntire __knowledge__ While a sophomore in college, she performed the National Anthem at the National Rodeo in Oklahoma City and caught the attention of country artist Red Steagall who brought her to Nashville, Tennessee.", "Reba McEntire __knowledge__ She signed a contract with Mercury Records a year later in 1975.", "Reba McEntire __knowledge__ She released her first solo album in 1977 and released five additional studio albums under the label until 1983.", "Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ Carrie Marie Underwood (born March 10, 1983) is an American country singer, songwriter, and actress.", "Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ She rose to fame as the winner of the fourth season of \"American Idol\", in 2005.", "Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ Her debut album, \"Some Hearts\", was released in 2005.", "Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ Bolstered by the huge crossover success of the singles \"Jesus, Take the Wheel\" and \"Before He Cheats\", it became the best-selling solo female debut album in country music history, the fastest-selling debut country album in Nielsen SoundScan history and the best-selling country album of the last 14 years.", "Carrie Underwood __knowledge__ Underwood won three Grammy Awards for the album, including Best New Artist.", "Here We Go Again (Ray Charles song) __knowledge__ \"Here We Go Again\" is a country music standard written by Don Lanier and Red Steagall that first became notable as a rhythm and blues single by Ray Charles from his 1967 album \"Ray Charles Invites You to Listen\".", "Here We Go Again (Ray Charles song) __knowledge__ It was produced by Joe Adams for ABC Records/Tangerine Records.", "Here We Go Again (Ray Charles song) __knowledge__ To date, this version of the song has been the biggest commercial success, spending twelve consecutive weeks on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, peaking at number 15.", "Here We Go Again (Ray Charles song) __knowledge__ The most notable cover version is a duet by Charles and Norah Jones, which appeared on the 2004 album \"Genius Loves Company\".", "Here We Go Again (Ray Charles song) __knowledge__ This version has been the biggest critical success.", "Connie Smith __knowledge__ Connie Smith (born Constance June Meador; August 14, 1941) is an American country music artist.", "Connie Smith __knowledge__ Active since 1964, Smith is widely considered to be one of the genre's best female vocalists.", "Connie Smith __knowledge__ She has earned 11 Grammy award nominations, 20 top ten \"Billboard\" country singles, and 31 charting albums, three of which have hit number one.", "Connie Smith __knowledge__ On October 21, 2012, Smith became the 12th solo female vocalist and 19th woman to be elected to the Country Music Hall of Fame.", "Connie Smith __knowledge__ Smith has an estimated net worth of $18 million.", "Connie Smith __knowledge__ Despite her success, Smith is considered by some music critics to be one of the most underrated vocalists in country music history due to the decision not to pursue super stardom with the non-country general media market like such contemporaries as Loretta Lynn, Dolly Parton, and Tammy Wynette.", "Tim McGraw __knowledge__ Samuel Timothy \"Tim\" McGraw (born May 1, 1967) is an American country singer, songwriter, and actor.", "Tim McGraw __knowledge__ He has been married to singer Faith Hill since 1996, and is a son of the late baseball player Tug McGraw.", "Tim McGraw __knowledge__ McGraw began singing in a neotraditional country style, but starting with 1997's \"Everywhere\", he developed a more crossover-friendly, country pop sound, making him one of the first male Country singers of his generation to crossover to Pop.", "Tim McGraw __knowledge__ McGraw has released fourteen studio albums (eleven for Curb Records and three for Big Machine Records).", "Tim McGraw __knowledge__ 10 of those albums have reached number 1 on the Top Country Albums charts, with his 1994 breakthrough album \"Not a Moment Too Soon\" being the top country album of 1994.", "Faith Hill __knowledge__ Audrey Faith McGraw (born September 21, 1967) is an American singer and record producer.", "Faith Hill __knowledge__ She is one of the most successful country artists of all time, having sold more than 40 million albums worldwide.", "Faith Hill __knowledge__ Hill is married to American singer Tim McGraw, with whom she has recorded several duets.", "Faith Hill __knowledge__ Hill's first two albums, \"Take Me as I Am\" (1993) and \"It Matters to Me\" (1995), were major successes and placed a combined three number ones on \"Billboard\"'s country charts.", "Faith Hill __knowledge__ She then achieved mainstream and crossover success with her next two albums, \"Faith\" (1998) and \"Breathe\" (1999).", "Faith Hill __knowledge__ \"Faith\" spawned her first international hit in early 1998, \"This Kiss\", while \"Breathe\" became one of the best-selling country albums of all time, led by the huge crossover success of the songs \"Breathe\" and \"The Way You Love Me\".", "Tim McGraw (song) __knowledge__ \"Tim McGraw\" is the debut single and first published song recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift.", "Tim McGraw (song) __knowledge__ The song was written by Swift and Liz Rose, and produced by Nathan Chapman.", "Tim McGraw (song) __knowledge__ It was released on June 19, 2006 by Big Machine Records as Swift's debut single and the lead single from Swift's eponymous debut album.", "Tim McGraw (song) __knowledge__ Swift wrote \"Tim McGraw\" during her freshman year of high school, knowing that she and her senior boyfriend would break up at the end of the year when he left for college.", "Tim McGraw (song) __knowledge__ The song was written about all the different things that would remind the subject of Swift and their time spent together, once he departed.", "Soul2Soul II Tour __knowledge__ The Soul2Soul II Tour was the second co-headlining concert tour between American country music singers, and husband and wife, Tim McGraw and Faith Hill.", "Soul2Soul II Tour __knowledge__ Beginning as the Soul2Soul II Tour 2006, its shows featured elaborate production values using an open, cross-shaped stage.", "Soul2Soul II Tour __knowledge__ Performances consisted of a set by Hill and set by McGraw, with the two sharing duets before, during, and after the individual sets.", "Soul2Soul II Tour __knowledge__ Over the course of the show, the duets traced a thematic development starting at estrangement and ending in emotional closeness.", "Soul2Soul II Tour __knowledge__ The tour capitalized on McGraw and Hill's popularity, both as musical artists and as a couple.", "Taylor Swift (album) __knowledge__ Taylor Swift is the debut studio album by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift, released on October 24, 2006, by Big Machine Records.", "Taylor Swift (album) __knowledge__ Swift was 16 years old at the time of the album's release and wrote its songs during her freshman year of high school.", "Taylor Swift (album) __knowledge__ Swift has writing credits on all of the album's songs, including those co-written with Liz Rose.", "Taylor Swift (album) __knowledge__ Swift experimented with several producers, ultimately choosing Nathan Chapman, who had produced her demo album.", "Taylor Swift (album) __knowledge__ Musically, the album is country music styled, and lyrically it speaks of romantic relationships, a couple of which Swift wrote from observing relationships before being in one.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (July–September 2017) __knowledge__ This is a timeline of the War in Donbass, from 1 July 2017.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (July–September 2017) __knowledge__ The timeline follows an ongoing conflict between Ukraine and anti-government pro-Russian separatists supported by Russian troops in the Donbass region in eastern Ukraine.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (July–September 2017) __knowledge__ According to the information provided by the spokesman of the Ukrainian operational headquarters in the morning, pro-Russian troops had opened fire on 35 occasions on Ukrainian positions on the last day of June (including on 17 occasions in the outskirts of Donetsk city, on 17 occasions in the region of Mariupol, and on 1 occasion in Luhansk region).", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (July–September 2017) __knowledge__ The spokesman of the Ministry of Defence on issues related to ATO, \"polkovnyk\" Andriy Lysenko, reported at noon that one Ukrainian serviceman was killed and nine were wounded and injured in the Donbass region on 30 June.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (April–June 2017) __knowledge__ This is a timeline of the War in Donbass, from 1 April 2017.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (April–June 2017) __knowledge__ The timeline follows an ongoing conflict between Ukraine and anti-government pro-Russian separatists supported by Russian troops in the Donbass region in eastern Ukraine.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (April–June 2017) __knowledge__ According to the information provided by the spokesman of the Ukrainian operational headquarters in the morning, pro-Russian troops had opened fire on 94 occasions on Ukrainian positions on the last day of March (including on 34 occasions in the outskirts of Donetsk city, on 42 occasions in the region of Mariupol, and on 18 occasions in Luhansk region).", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (April–June 2017) __knowledge__ Twelve ceasefire violations were registered by the Ukrainian military during the first twelve hours of 1 April.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (October–December 2017) __knowledge__ This is a timeline of the War in Donbass, from 1 October 2017.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (October–December 2017) __knowledge__ The timeline follows an ongoing conflict between Ukraine and anti-government pro-Russian separatists supported by Russian troops in the Donbass region in eastern Ukraine.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (October–December 2017) __knowledge__ According to the information provided by the spokesman of the Ukrainian operational headquarters in the morning, pro-Russian troops had opened fire on 20 occasions on Ukrainian positions on the last day of September (including on 10 occasions in the outskirts of Donetsk city, on 9 occasions in the region of Mariupol, and on 1 occasion in Luhansk region); the fire was returned on 12 occasions.", "Tug McGraw __knowledge__ Frank Edwin \"Tug\" McGraw, Jr. (August 30, 1944 – January 5, 2004) was a Major League Baseball relief pitcher and the father of American singer and actor Tim McGraw.", "Tug McGraw __knowledge__ He is remembered for coining the phrase, \"Ya Gotta Believe\" which became a popular rallying cry for the New York Mets, and for recording the final out, via a strikeout of the Kansas City Royals' Willie Wilson, in the 1980 World Series, bringing the Philadelphia Phillies their first world championship.", "Tug McGraw __knowledge__ He was the last active major league player to have played under manager Casey Stengel.", "Tug McGraw __knowledge__ McGraw was born in Martinez, California, to Frank Edwin \"Big Mac\" McGraw, Sr. and Mable McKenna.", "Meanwhile Back at Mama's __knowledge__ \"Meanwhile Back at Mama's\" is a song recorded by American country music artist Tim McGraw and his wife Faith Hill.", "Meanwhile Back at Mama's __knowledge__ It was released in April 2014 as the second single from his second studio album for Big Machine Records, \"Sundown Heaven Town\".", "Meanwhile Back at Mama's __knowledge__ The song was written by Jeffrey Steele, Jaren Johnston and Tom Douglas.", "Meanwhile Back at Mama's __knowledge__ Billy Dukes of Taste of Country gave the song a positive review, and praised Hill's harmony on the song.", "Meanwhile Back at Mama's __knowledge__ He stated that \"Tim McGraw and his wife Faith Hill had beauty and style in excess, and that sincerity spilled into the first few rows.", "Meanwhile Back at Mama's __knowledge__ None of those qualities are lacking on this simply wonderful country ditty.\"" ] ]

[ 1, 9, 16, 40 ]

[ "I am not that much of a country music fan. Do you recommend any artists to introduce me to this Southern United States staple?", "Ooh I like them both. I am familiar with Shania Twain. It is interesting that she is actually a Canadian singer, not from the US.", "I like what I have heard from Faith Hill and her hubby Tim McGraw. I like that they record music together.", "I like Carrie Underwood, too. The song \"Jesus, Take the Wheel\" was so catchy to me. " ]

[ "Country music", "Country music", "Country music", "Country music" ]

[ "Brewery\nHI! I am a financial analyst at a brewery.", "I do not drink beer, I don't care for the taste.", "I didn't realize beer was around that long ago. Did they have breweries back then or more moonshine?", "How interesting. Is that where beer started all over the world or just first one in Canada?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Brewery __knowledge__ A brewery or brewing company is a business that makes and sells beer.", "Brewery __knowledge__ The place at which beer is commercially made is either called a brewery or a beerhouse, where distinct sets of brewing equipment are called plant.", "Brewery __knowledge__ The commercial brewing of beer has taken place since at least 2500 BC; in ancient Mesopotamia, brewers derived social sanction and divine protection from the goddess Ninkasi.", "Brewery __knowledge__ Brewing was initially a cottage industry, with production taking place at home; by the ninth century monasteries and farms would produce beer on a larger scale, selling the excess; and by the eleventh and twelfth centuries larger, dedicated breweries with eight to ten workers were being built.", "Brewery __knowledge__ The diversity of size in breweries is matched by the diversity of processes, degrees of automation, and kinds of beer produced in breweries.", "Brewery __knowledge__ A brewery is typically divided into distinct sections, with each section reserved for one part of the brewing process.", "Brewery __knowledge__ Beer may have been known in Neolithic Europe and was mainly brewed on a domestic scale.", "Brewery __knowledge__ In some form, it can be traced back almost 5000 years to Mesopotamian writings describing daily rations of beer and bread to workers.", "Brewery __knowledge__ Before the rise of production breweries, the production of beer took place at home and was the domain of women, as baking and brewing were seen as \"women's work\".", "Chartered Financial Analyst __knowledge__ The Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) Program is a professional credential offered internationally by the American-based CFA Institute (formerly the Association for Investment Management and Research, or AIMR) to investment and financial professionals.", "Chartered Financial Analyst __knowledge__ The program covers a broad range of topics relating to investment management, financial analysis, stocks, bonds and derivatives, and provides a generalist knowledge of other areas of finance.", "Chartered Financial Analyst __knowledge__ A candidate who successfully completes the program and meets other professional requirements is awarded the \"CFA charter\" and becomes a \"CFA charterholder\".", "Financial analyst __knowledge__ A financial analyst, securities analyst, research analyst, equity analyst, investment analyst, or rating analyst is a person who performs financial analysis for external or internal financial clients as a core part of the job.", "Financial analyst __knowledge__ Analysts are generally divided into 'buy-side' and 'sell-side'.", "Financial analyst __knowledge__ A buy-side analyst, such as a fund manager, works for a company which buys and holds stocks itself, on the analyst's recommendation.", "Financial analyst __knowledge__ A sell-side analyst's work is not used by its employer to invest directly, rather it is sold either for money or for other benefits by the employer to buy-side organisations.", "Financial analyst __knowledge__ Sell-side research is often used as 'soft money' rather than sold directly, for example provided to preferred clients in return for business.", "Industry analyst __knowledge__ An industry analyst performs primary and secondary market research within an industry such as information technology, consulting or insurance.", "Industry analyst __knowledge__ Analysts assess sector trends, create segment taxonomies, size markets, prepare forecasts, and develop industry models.", "Industry analyst __knowledge__ Industry analysts usually work for research and advisory services firms, and some analysts also perform advisory (consulting) services.", "Industry analyst __knowledge__ Typically, analysts specialize in a single segment or sub-segment, researching the broad development of the market rather than focusing on specific publicly traded companies, equities, investments, or associated financial opportunities as a financial analyst might.", "Louise Cooper (financial analyst) __knowledge__ Louise Cooper is a British Chartered Financial Analyst, journalist, and \"Times\" columnist, known for her work on the BBC World Service between 2002 and 2011 as a presenter and senior economics journalist for shows including \"Newshour\" and \"Europe Today\".", "Louise Cooper (financial analyst) __knowledge__ She writes a regular column for newspaper \"The Times\" and publishes the financial blog CooperCity.", "Louise Cooper (financial analyst) __knowledge__ She came to the attention of the public in 2011 while working for BGC Partners as a Senior Financial Analyst, appearing from their offices to provide opinion and economic insight on TV for major broadcasters such as BBC News, ITV News, Al-Jazeera, Sky News and CNBC among others.", "John Bollinger __knowledge__ John A. Bollinger (born May 27, 1950) is an American author, financial analyst, contributor to the field of technical analysis and the developer of Bollinger Bands.", "John Bollinger __knowledge__ His book \"Bollinger on Bollinger Bands\", John Bollinger, McGraw Hill, 2002, , has been translated into eleven languages.", "John Bollinger __knowledge__ He has published The ’’Capital Growth Letter’’ which provides technical analysis of the financial markets since 1987.", "John Bollinger __knowledge__ Bollinger Bands are intervals drawn on a price chart that define high and low on a relative basis.", "John Bollinger __knowledge__ Bollinger started developing Bollinger Bands in the early 1980s.", "John Bollinger __knowledge__ They are an adaptation of Keltner Bands and similar to Donchian channels.", "Professional certification in financial services __knowledge__ A professional certification, trade certification, or professional designation is a designation a person earns to demonstrate qualification for a job or task.", "Professional certification in financial services __knowledge__ The Accredited Financial Analyst (AFA) designation is a certification mark for financial analysts conferred by the GAFM Board of Standards.", "Professional certification in financial services __knowledge__ To receive authorization to use the designation, the candidate must meet education, examination, experience and ethics requirements, and pay an ongoing certification fee.", "Professional certification in financial services __knowledge__ The GAFM AFA program is a TUV Accredited and ISO certified 9001 and ISO certified 29990 training program.", "Professional certification in financial services __knowledge__ The Certified Financial Planner (CFP) designation is a certification mark for financial planners conferred by the CFP Board of Standards.", "European Federation of Financial Analysts Societies __knowledge__ The European Federation of Financial Analysts Societies (EFFAS) is the federation of analysts associations in Europe.", "European Federation of Financial Analysts Societies __knowledge__ EFFAS comprises 27 member societies representing more than 14,000 investment professionals.", "European Federation of Financial Analysts Societies __knowledge__ EFFAS was founded in 1962 and the headquarters is located in Frankfurt, Germany.", "European Federation of Financial Analysts Societies __knowledge__ Besides its European training programme CEFA (Certified European Financial Analyst) EFFAS also grants the Certified International Investment Analysts (CIIA) designation, ensuring professional qualification by offering global as well as local market knowledge within its examination structure.", "European Federation of Financial Analysts Societies __knowledge__ As a global designation the exams can be taken in different languages." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Brewery __knowledge__ A brewery or brewing company is a business that makes and sells beer.", "Brewery __knowledge__ The place at which beer is commercially made is either called a brewery or a beerhouse, where distinct sets of brewing equipment are called plant.", "Brewery __knowledge__ The commercial brewing of beer has taken place since at least 2500 BC; in ancient Mesopotamia, brewers derived social sanction and divine protection from the goddess Ninkasi.", "Brewery __knowledge__ Brewing was initially a cottage industry, with production taking place at home; by the ninth century monasteries and farms would produce beer on a larger scale, selling the excess; and by the eleventh and twelfth centuries larger, dedicated breweries with eight to ten workers were being built.", "Brewery __knowledge__ The diversity of size in breweries is matched by the diversity of processes, degrees of automation, and kinds of beer produced in breweries.", "Brewery __knowledge__ A brewery is typically divided into distinct sections, with each section reserved for one part of the brewing process.", "Brewery __knowledge__ Beer may have been known in Neolithic Europe and was mainly brewed on a domestic scale.", "Brewery __knowledge__ In some form, it can be traced back almost 5000 years to Mesopotamian writings describing daily rations of beer and bread to workers.", "Brewery __knowledge__ Before the rise of production breweries, the production of beer took place at home and was the domain of women, as baking and brewing were seen as \"women's work\".", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Medieval cuisine includes foods, eating habits, and cooking methods of various European cultures during the Middle Ages, which lasted from the fifth to the fifteenth century.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ During this period, diets and cooking changed less than they did in the early modern period that followed, when those changes helped lay the foundations for modern European cuisine.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Cereals remained the most important staple during the early Middle Ages as rice was introduced late, and the potato was only introduced in 1536, with a much later date for widespread consumption.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Barley, oat and rye were eaten by the poor.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Wheat was for the governing classes.", "Hibernia Brewing __knowledge__ Hibernia Brewing Ltd. was an American brewery company, the successor firm to the Walter Brewing Company, located in Eau Claire, Wisconsin.", "Hibernia Brewing __knowledge__ Under the leadership of Michael Healy, president and chief stockholder of Hibernia, the brewery introduced several specialty brews considered innovative for their time and became one of the first producers in the American Midwest of what now are considered to be craft beers and ales.", "Hibernia Brewing __knowledge__ At its peak, Hibernia produced over 30,000 barrels of beer per year, employed about 50 workers, and had a market range that included Minneapolis–Saint Paul, St. Louis, Missouri, and Omaha, Nebraska, with success also in Denver and Boulder, Colorado to the west and south; and Chicago, Milwaukee, and suburban Cleveland, Ohio to the east.", "Beer __knowledge__ Beer is one of the oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic drinks in the world, and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea.", "Beer __knowledge__ Beer is brewed from cereal grains—most commonly from malted barley, though wheat, maize (corn), and rice are also used.", "Beer __knowledge__ During the brewing process, fermentation of the starch sugars in the wort produces ethanol and carbonation in the resulting beer.", "Beer __knowledge__ Most modern beer is brewed with hops, which add bitterness and other flavours and act as a natural preservative and stabilizing agent.", "Beer __knowledge__ Other flavouring agents such as gruit, herbs, or fruits may be included or used instead of hops.", "I Like Girls That Drink Beer __knowledge__ \"I Like Girls That Drink Beer\" is a song recorded by American country music singer Toby Keith and co-written with Bobby Pinson.", "I Like Girls That Drink Beer __knowledge__ It was released in July 2012 and is the first single from his album \"Hope on the Rocks\", released on October 30, 2012.", "I Like Girls That Drink Beer __knowledge__ Matt Bjorke of Roughstock.com states that the chorus of this uptempo break-up song, \"feels distinctly country and what's good about it is that it's a song that's not really about beer.", "I Like Girls That Drink Beer __knowledge__ The hook \"I like girls that drink beer\" is more about finding a down to earth, regular woman instead of a high society, high-maintenance woman.” He goes on to say that, \"Clearly contemporary, the song still has loads of fiddle, audible steel guitars and a downright country melody that makes it one of the most 'traditional' sounding songs to hit country radio.\"", "Christian views on alcohol __knowledge__ Christian views on alcohol are varied.", "Christian views on alcohol __knowledge__ Throughout the first 1,800 years of Church history, Christians generally consumed alcoholic beverages as a common part of everyday life and used \"the fruit of the vine\" in their central rite—the Eucharist or Lord's Supper.", "Christian views on alcohol __knowledge__ They held that both the Bible and Christian tradition taught that alcohol is a gift from God that makes life more joyous, but that over-indulgence leading to drunkenness is sinful or at least a vice.", "Christian views on alcohol __knowledge__ In the mid-19th century, some Protestant Christians moved from a position of allowing moderate use of alcohol (sometimes called \"moderationism\") to either deciding that not imbibing was wisest in the present circumstances (\"abstentionism\") or prohibiting all ordinary consumption of alcohol because it was believed to be a sin (\"prohibitionism\").", "History of beer __knowledge__ Beer is one of the oldest beverages humans have produced, dating back to at least the 5th millennium BC in Iran, and was recorded in the written history of ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia and spread throughout the world.", "History of beer __knowledge__ As almost any cereal containing certain sugars can undergo spontaneous fermentation due to wild yeasts in the air, it is possible that beer-like beverages were independently developed throughout the world soon after a tribe or culture had domesticated cereal.", "History of beer __knowledge__ Chemical tests of ancient pottery jars reveal that beer was produced as far back as about 7,000 years ago in what is today Iran.", "White wine __knowledge__ White wine is a wine whose colour can be straw-yellow, yellow-green, or yellow-gold.", "White wine __knowledge__ It is produced by the alcoholic fermentation of the non-coloured pulp of grapes, which may have a skin of any colour.", "White wine __knowledge__ White wine has existed for at least 2500 years.", "White wine __knowledge__ The wide variety of white wines comes from the large number of varieties, methods of winemaking, and ratios of residual sugar.", "White wine __knowledge__ White wine is mainly from \"white\" grapes, which are green or yellow in colour, such as the Chardonnay, Sauvignon, and Riesling.", "White wine __knowledge__ Some white wine is also made from grapes with coloured skin, provided that the obtained wort is not stained.", "GABS Hottest 100 Aussie Craft Beers of the Year __knowledge__ The GABS 'Hottest 100 Aussie Craft Beers of the Year' poll began as a bit of fun in January 2008 at The Local Taphouse beer bars in Melbourne and Sydney, the home of the very first GABS beer festival in 2011.", "GABS Hottest 100 Aussie Craft Beers of the Year __knowledge__ Staff and customers voted for their favourite five Australian craft beers of the year and the resultant list of 100 beers was jokingly called the \"hottest 100 Aussie craft beers of the year\" after the famous Triple J Hottest 100 songs annual poll.", "GABS Hottest 100 Aussie Craft Beers of the Year __knowledge__ Now supported by beer publications Crafty Pint and Australian Brews News, the annual beer poll attracts thousands of beer fans around the country who vote for their favourite Australian craft beers each year.", "Beer in San Diego County, California __knowledge__ San Diego County, California, has been called \"the Craft Beer Capital of America.\"", "Beer in San Diego County, California __knowledge__ As of 2016 the county was home to 125 licensed craft breweries – the most of any region in the United States.", "Beer in San Diego County, California __knowledge__ Based on 2016 sales volume, three San Diego County breweries – Stone, Green Flash, and Karl Strauss – rank among the 50 largest craft brewers in the United States.", "Beer in San Diego County, California __knowledge__ San Diego County brewers pioneered the specialty beer style known as Double India Pale Ale (Double IPA), sometimes called San Diego Pale Ale.", "Beer in San Diego County, California __knowledge__ Its beer culture is a draw for tourism, particularly during major festivals such as San Diego Beer Week and the San Diego International Beer Competition.", "Pearl Brewing Company __knowledge__ The Pearl Brewing Company (also known as the Pearl Brewery or just Pearl) was an American brewery, established in 1883 in Downtown San Antonio, Texas, USA.", "Pearl Brewing Company __knowledge__ In 1985, Pearl's parent company purchased the Pabst Brewing Company and assumed the Pabst name.", "Pearl Brewing Company __knowledge__ In 1999, the Pabst Brewing Company began transferring its production to Miller Brewing, on a contract basis, and closing all of its breweries.", "Pearl Brewing Company __knowledge__ Pearl beer is still in production at Miller's Ft. Worth, Texas facility, but the Pearl Brewery in San Antonio was closed in 2001.", "Pearl Brewing Company __knowledge__ Since then, the former brewery was purchased by Silver Ventures, Inc., which has made the property the crown jewel in revitalization efforts of southern Midtown and northern Downtown San Antonio.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ Beer in Canada was introduced by European settlers in the seventeenth century.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ The first commercial brewery was La Brasseries due Roy [sic] started by New France Intendant Jean Talon, in Québec City in 1668.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ Many commercial brewers thrived until Prohibition in Canada.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ The provincial and federal governments' attempt to eliminate \"intoxicating\" beverages led to the closing of nearly three quarters of breweries between 1878 and 1928.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ It was only in the second half of the twentieth century that a significant number of new breweries opened up.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ The Canadian Beer industry now plays an important role in Canadian identity, though globalization of the brewing industry has seen the major players in Canada acquired by, or merged with, foreign companies, notably its three largest beer producers, Labatt, Molson and Sleeman.", "Pabst Brewing Company __knowledge__ The Pabst Brewing Company () is an American company that dates its origins to a brewing company founded in 1844 by Jacob Best and was, by 1889, named after Frederick Pabst.", "Pabst Brewing Company __knowledge__ It is currently a holding company which contracts the brewing of over two dozen brands of beer and malt liquor: these include its own flagship Pabst Blue Ribbon, as well as brands from now defunct breweries including P. Ballantine and Sons Brewing Company, G. Heileman Brewing Company, Lone Star Brewing Company, Pearl Brewing Company, Piels Bros., Valentin Blatz Brewing Company, National Brewing Company, Olympia Brewing Company, Falstaff Brewing Corporation, Primo Brewing & Malting Company, Rainier Brewing Company, F & M Schaefer Brewing Company, Joseph Schlitz Brewing Company, Jacob Schmidt Brewing Company and Stroh Brewery Company.", "Beer in the United States __knowledge__ Beer in the United States is manufactured by more than 3,000 breweries, which range in size from industry giants to brew pubs and microbreweries.", "Beer in the United States __knowledge__ The United States produced 196 million barrels () of beer in 2012, and consumes roughly of beer per capita annually.", "Beer in the United States __knowledge__ In 2011, the United States was ranked fifteenth in the world in per capita consumption, while total consumption was second only to China.", "Beer in the United States __knowledge__ Although beer was a part of colonial life in the United States, the passing of the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1919 resulted in the prohibition of alcoholic beverage sales, forcing nearly all American breweries to close or switch to producing non-alcoholic products." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Brewery __knowledge__ A brewery or brewing company is a business that makes and sells beer.", "Brewery __knowledge__ The place at which beer is commercially made is either called a brewery or a beerhouse, where distinct sets of brewing equipment are called plant.", "Brewery __knowledge__ The commercial brewing of beer has taken place since at least 2500 BC; in ancient Mesopotamia, brewers derived social sanction and divine protection from the goddess Ninkasi.", "Brewery __knowledge__ Brewing was initially a cottage industry, with production taking place at home; by the ninth century monasteries and farms would produce beer on a larger scale, selling the excess; and by the eleventh and twelfth centuries larger, dedicated breweries with eight to ten workers were being built.", "Brewery __knowledge__ The diversity of size in breweries is matched by the diversity of processes, degrees of automation, and kinds of beer produced in breweries.", "Brewery __knowledge__ A brewery is typically divided into distinct sections, with each section reserved for one part of the brewing process.", "Brewery __knowledge__ Beer may have been known in Neolithic Europe and was mainly brewed on a domestic scale.", "Brewery __knowledge__ In some form, it can be traced back almost 5000 years to Mesopotamian writings describing daily rations of beer and bread to workers.", "Brewery __knowledge__ Before the rise of production breweries, the production of beer took place at home and was the domain of women, as baking and brewing were seen as \"women's work\".", "Beer in the United States __knowledge__ Beer in the United States is manufactured by more than 3,000 breweries, which range in size from industry giants to brew pubs and microbreweries.", "Beer in the United States __knowledge__ The United States produced 196 million barrels () of beer in 2012, and consumes roughly of beer per capita annually.", "Beer in the United States __knowledge__ In 2011, the United States was ranked fifteenth in the world in per capita consumption, while total consumption was second only to China.", "Beer in the United States __knowledge__ Although beer was a part of colonial life in the United States, the passing of the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1919 resulted in the prohibition of alcoholic beverage sales, forcing nearly all American breweries to close or switch to producing non-alcoholic products.", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ Moonshine is a generic term for distilled alcoholic beverages made throughout the globe from indigenous ingredients reflecting the customs, tastes, and raw materials for fermentation available in each region.", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ The term commonly applies to small-scale production, which is often illegal or tightly regulated in many countries.", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ Zarbali is a moonshine still, a type of distilled alcoholic beverage supposedly made from fermented raisins.", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ In Albania, moonshine (Raki) is the primary alcoholic beverage consumed on daily basis.", "Moonshine by country __knowledge__ It is made from different fruits, usually grapes, but also plums, apples, blackberries, and walnuts.", "Microbrewery __knowledge__ A microbrewery or craft brewery is a brewery that produces small amounts of beer (or sometimes root beer), typically much smaller than large-scale corporate breweries, and is independently owned.", "Microbrewery __knowledge__ Such breweries are generally characterized by their emphasis on quality, flavour and brewing technique.", "Microbrewery __knowledge__ The microbrewing movement began in the United Kingdom in the 1970s although traditional artisanal brewing existed in Europe for centuries and subsequently spread to other countries.", "Microbrewery __knowledge__ As the movement grew and some breweries expanded their production and distribution, the more encompassing concept of craft brewing emerged.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ Beer in Canada was introduced by European settlers in the seventeenth century.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ The first commercial brewery was La Brasseries due Roy [sic] started by New France Intendant Jean Talon, in Québec City in 1668.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ Many commercial brewers thrived until Prohibition in Canada.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ The provincial and federal governments' attempt to eliminate \"intoxicating\" beverages led to the closing of nearly three quarters of breweries between 1878 and 1928.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ It was only in the second half of the twentieth century that a significant number of new breweries opened up.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ The Canadian Beer industry now plays an important role in Canadian identity, though globalization of the brewing industry has seen the major players in Canada acquired by, or merged with, foreign companies, notably its three largest beer producers, Labatt, Molson and Sleeman.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Beer in England has been brewed for hundreds of years.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ As a beer brewing country, England is known for its top fermented cask beer (also called real ale) which finishes maturing in the cellar of the pub rather than at the brewery and is served with only natural carbonation.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ English beer styles include bitter, mild, brown ale and old ale.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Stout, porter and India Pale Ale were also originally brewed in London.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Lager style beer has increased considerably in popularity since the mid 20th century.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Other modern developments include consolidation of large brewers into multinational corporations; growth of beer consumerism; expansion of microbreweries and increased interest in bottle conditioned beers.", "Beer __knowledge__ Beer is one of the oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic drinks in the world, and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea.", "Beer __knowledge__ Beer is brewed from cereal grains—most commonly from malted barley, though wheat, maize (corn), and rice are also used.", "Beer __knowledge__ During the brewing process, fermentation of the starch sugars in the wort produces ethanol and carbonation in the resulting beer.", "Beer __knowledge__ Most modern beer is brewed with hops, which add bitterness and other flavours and act as a natural preservative and stabilizing agent.", "Beer __knowledge__ Other flavouring agents such as gruit, herbs, or fruits may be included or used instead of hops.", "Alcohol laws of New Jersey __knowledge__ The state laws governing alcoholic beverages in New Jersey are among the most complex in the United States, with many peculiarities not found in other states' laws.", "Alcohol laws of New Jersey __knowledge__ They provide for 29 distinct liquor licenses granted to manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers, and for the public warehousing and transport of alcoholic beverages.", "Alcohol laws of New Jersey __knowledge__ General authority for the statutory and regulatory control of alcoholic beverages rests with the state government, particularly the Division of Alcoholic Beverage Control overseen by the state's Attorney General.", "Alcohol laws of New Jersey __knowledge__ Under home rule, New Jersey law grants individual municipalities substantial discretion in passing ordinances regulating the sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages within their limits.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands had a considerable part in the making of modern society.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands and its people have made numerous seminal contributions to the world's civilization, especially in art, science, technology and engineering, economics and finance, cartography and geography, exploration and navigation, law and jurisprudence, thought and philosophy, medicine, and agriculture.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ Dutch-speaking people, in spite of their relatively small number, have a significant history of invention, innovation, discovery and exploration.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The following list is composed of objects, (largely) unknown lands, breakthrough ideas/concepts, principles, phenomena, processes, methods, techniques, styles etc., that were discovered or invented (or pioneered) by people from the Netherlands and Dutch-speaking people from the former Southern Netherlands (\"Zuid-Nederlanders\" in Dutch).", "Scotland in the early modern period __knowledge__ Scotland in the early modern period refers, for the purposes of this article, to Scotland between the death of James IV in 1513 and the end of the Jacobite risings in the mid-eighteenth century.", "Scotland in the early modern period __knowledge__ It roughly corresponds to the early modern period in Europe, beginning with the Renaissance and Reformation and ending with the start of the Enlightenment and Industrial Revolution.", "Scotland in the early modern period __knowledge__ After a long minority, the personal reign of James V saw the court become a centre of Renaissance patronage, but it ended in military defeat and another long minority for the infant Mary Queen of Scots.", "Scotland in the early modern period __knowledge__ Scotland hovered between dominance by the English and French, which ended in the Treaty of Edinburgh 1560, by which both withdrew their troops, but leaving the way open for religious reform.", "White people __knowledge__ White people is a racial classification specifier, used for people of Caucasian ancestry, with the exact implications dependent on context.", "White people __knowledge__ The usage of \"white people\" or a \"white race\" for a large group of (mainly European) populations, defined besides other characteristics by their light skin and contrasting with \"black people\", Native Americans, \"colored\" or \"persons of color\" originated in the 17th century.", "White people __knowledge__ It was only during the 18th century, that this floating category was transformed in a quasi-scientific system of race and skin color relations.", "White people __knowledge__ The concept of a homogeneous white race did not achieve universal acceptance in Europe.", "Transformation of the Ottoman Empire __knowledge__ The Transformation of the Ottoman Empire, also known as the Era of Transformation, constitutes a period in the history of the Ottoman Empire from to , spanning roughly from the end of the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent to the Treaty of Karlowitz at the conclusion of the War of the Holy League.", "Transformation of the Ottoman Empire __knowledge__ This period was characterized by numerous dramatic political, social, and economic changes, which resulted in the empire shifting from an expansionist, patrimonial state into a bureaucratic empire based on an ideology of upholding justice and acting as the protector of Sunni Islam.", "Transformation of the Ottoman Empire __knowledge__ These changes were in large part prompted by a series of political and economic crises in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, resulting from inflation, warfare, and political factionalism.", "Colonial history of the United States __knowledge__ The colonial history of the United States covers the history of European settlements from the start of colonization in the early 16th century until their incorporation into the United States of America.", "Colonial history of the United States __knowledge__ In the late 16th century, England, France, Spain, and the Netherlands launched major colonization programs in eastern North America.", "Colonial history of the United States __knowledge__ Small early attempts sometimes disappeared, such as the English Lost Colony of Roanoke.", "Colonial history of the United States __knowledge__ Everywhere, the death rate was very high among the first arrivals.", "Colonial history of the United States __knowledge__ Nevertheless, successful colonies were established within several decades.", "Colonial history of the United States __knowledge__ European settlers came from a variety of social and religious groups, including adventurers, soldiers, farmers, and tradesmen, and some from the aristocracy.", "New Spain __knowledge__ New Spain () was a colonial territory of the Spanish Empire in the New World north of the Isthmus of Panama.", "New Spain __knowledge__ It was established following the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire in 1521, and following additional conquests, it was made a viceroyalty (Spanish: \"virreinato\") in 1535.", "New Spain __knowledge__ The first of four viceroyalties Spain created in the Americas, it comprised Mexico, Central America, much of the Southwestern and Central United States, and Spanish Florida as well as the Philippine, Mariana and Caroline Islands.", "New Spain __knowledge__ After 1535 the colony was governed by the Viceroy of New Spain, an appointed minister of the King of Spain, who ruled as monarch over the colony from its capital, Mexico City." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Brewery __knowledge__ A brewery or brewing company is a business that makes and sells beer.", "Brewery __knowledge__ The place at which beer is commercially made is either called a brewery or a beerhouse, where distinct sets of brewing equipment are called plant.", "Brewery __knowledge__ The commercial brewing of beer has taken place since at least 2500 BC; in ancient Mesopotamia, brewers derived social sanction and divine protection from the goddess Ninkasi.", "Brewery __knowledge__ Brewing was initially a cottage industry, with production taking place at home; by the ninth century monasteries and farms would produce beer on a larger scale, selling the excess; and by the eleventh and twelfth centuries larger, dedicated breweries with eight to ten workers were being built.", "Brewery __knowledge__ The diversity of size in breweries is matched by the diversity of processes, degrees of automation, and kinds of beer produced in breweries.", "Brewery __knowledge__ A brewery is typically divided into distinct sections, with each section reserved for one part of the brewing process.", "Brewery __knowledge__ Beer may have been known in Neolithic Europe and was mainly brewed on a domestic scale.", "Brewery __knowledge__ In some form, it can be traced back almost 5000 years to Mesopotamian writings describing daily rations of beer and bread to workers.", "Brewery __knowledge__ Before the rise of production breweries, the production of beer took place at home and was the domain of women, as baking and brewing were seen as \"women's work\".", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Beer in England has been brewed for hundreds of years.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ As a beer brewing country, England is known for its top fermented cask beer (also called real ale) which finishes maturing in the cellar of the pub rather than at the brewery and is served with only natural carbonation.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ English beer styles include bitter, mild, brown ale and old ale.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Stout, porter and India Pale Ale were also originally brewed in London.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Lager style beer has increased considerably in popularity since the mid 20th century.", "Beer in England __knowledge__ Other modern developments include consolidation of large brewers into multinational corporations; growth of beer consumerism; expansion of microbreweries and increased interest in bottle conditioned beers.", "Joseph Beer __knowledge__ Joseph Beer (; 7 May 1908 – 23 November 1987) was a composer, mainly of operettas, singspiele, and operas.", "Joseph Beer __knowledge__ Beer started composing music as a young man in Vienna in the 1930s.", "Joseph Beer __knowledge__ His operettas ' and ' premiered at the Zurich Opera House in 1934 and 1937, respectively.", "Joseph Beer __knowledge__ Beer, who was Jewish, fled Austria in 1938 for France while his family remained in Poland and were killed in Nazi extermination camps.", "Joseph Beer __knowledge__ He continued composing new works until the end of his life, and left a large number of works for the stage.", "Joseph Beer __knowledge__ Beer was born in 1908 in Chodorów near Lviv, a.k.a.", "Joseph Beer __knowledge__ Lwów or Lemberg, the second child of Uri Isidore, a wealthy banker, and Amelie Esther Malka Silver; he had an older brother and a younger sister.", "1985 Manila Beer Brewmasters season __knowledge__ The 1985 Manila Beer Brewmasters season was the 2nd season of the franchise in the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA).", "1985 Manila Beer Brewmasters season __knowledge__ Head coach Loreto Carbonell was replaced by fellow Olympian Edgardo Ocampo as Manila Beer coach beginning the All-Filipino Conference.", "1985 Manila Beer Brewmasters season __knowledge__ Carbonell remains on the bench as the assistant coach.", "1985 Manila Beer Brewmasters season __knowledge__ On September 25, two-time MVP Ramon Fernandez was sent by Manila Beer to Tanduay in exchange for one-time MVP Abet Guidaben in a blockbuster trade that took place two and a half weeks after the start of the PBA Third Conference.", "1985 Manila Beer Brewmasters season __knowledge__ Formerly the Beer Hausen Brewmasters, Manila Beer started off with Doug Harris as their import.", "Toronto's Festival of Beer __knowledge__ The Toronto Festival of Beer (TFOB), also known as Beerfest, is an annual event that takes place at Exhibition Place in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.", "Toronto's Festival of Beer __knowledge__ The festival celebrates Canada’s rich brewing history by featuring more than 300 brands around the world and many Ontario craft brewers.", "Toronto's Festival of Beer __knowledge__ The event has become Canada’s largest beer festival with 30,000 people attending every year.", "Toronto's Festival of Beer __knowledge__ Established in 1996, the Toronto Festival of Beer has been sampling beer for those ages 19+ for 22 years.", "Toronto's Festival of Beer __knowledge__ Toronto's Festival of Beer was founded in 1996 by Greg Cosway and Scott Rondeau.", "Toronto's Festival of Beer __knowledge__ Their love for beer started at Carleton University where they started “The Gourmet Beer Club of Canada” which was the first of its kind in Canada.", "Draught beer __knowledge__ Draught beer, also spelt draft, is beer served from a cask or keg rather than from a bottle or can.", "Draught beer __knowledge__ Draught beer served from a pressurised keg is also known as Until Joseph Bramah patented the beer engine in 1785, beer was served directly from the barrel and carried to the customer.", "Draught beer __knowledge__ The Old English \"\" (\"carry; pull\") developed into a series of related words including \"drag\", \"draw\", and \"draught\".", "Draught beer __knowledge__ By the time Bramah's beer pumps became popular, the use of the term \"draught\" to refer to the acts of serving or drinking beer was well established and transferred easily to beer served via the hand pumps.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ Beer in Canada was introduced by European settlers in the seventeenth century.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ The first commercial brewery was La Brasseries due Roy [sic] started by New France Intendant Jean Talon, in Québec City in 1668.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ Many commercial brewers thrived until Prohibition in Canada.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ The provincial and federal governments' attempt to eliminate \"intoxicating\" beverages led to the closing of nearly three quarters of breweries between 1878 and 1928.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ It was only in the second half of the twentieth century that a significant number of new breweries opened up.", "Beer in Canada __knowledge__ The Canadian Beer industry now plays an important role in Canadian identity, though globalization of the brewing industry has seen the major players in Canada acquired by, or merged with, foreign companies, notably its three largest beer producers, Labatt, Molson and Sleeman.", "Bright beer __knowledge__ Bright beer is beer in which yeast is no longer in suspension.", "Bright beer __knowledge__ There are several methods used for clearing yeast from beer, from waiting for the yeast to drop of its own accord (\"dropping bright\") to filtering it.", "Bright beer __knowledge__ When the concentration of fermentable sugars in the beer falls below a certain level, variable with the strain of yeast, the yeast cells will naturally flocculate and settle toward the bottom of the vessel in which the beer is stored; this act is known as \"dropping bright\".", "Bright beer __knowledge__ The degree to which yeast flocculates is dependent on many factors, including the specific gravity of the beer, the gas pressure over the beer, the ambient temperature, and some biological properties particular to the yeast strain; some beers will never drop bright by themselves.", "Jean Talon __knowledge__ Jean Talon, Count d'Orsainville (; January 8, 1626 – November 23, 1694) was the first Intendant of New France.", "Jean Talon __knowledge__ Talon was appointed by King Louis XIV and his minister, Jean-Baptiste Colbert to serve as the Intendant of Justice, Public Order and Finances in Canada, Acadia and Newfoundland for two terms: 1665 to 1668 and 1670 to 1672.", "Jean Talon __knowledge__ Talon attempted to change the economic base of the colony from fur-trading to agriculture, but found this could not be accomplished without a larger population.", "Jean Talon __knowledge__ Talon arranged for settlers to come to New France, including over 800 women known as the filles du roi – the king's daughters.", "Brasseries du Cameroun __knowledge__ Les Sociétés Anonymes des Brasseries du Cameroun (SABC or BC) is a brewing company in Cameroon.", "Brasseries du Cameroun __knowledge__ Their offices and main factory are in Douala, with other breweries in Bafoussam, Douala, Garoua, and Yaoundé.", "Brasseries du Cameroun __knowledge__ Les Brasseries et Glaceries d'Indochine (BGI) owns a 75% share in the company, and Heineken owns 8.8%.", "Brasseries du Cameroun __knowledge__ Cameroon's president, Paul Biya, is another major shareholder.", "Brasseries du Cameroun __knowledge__ Les Brasseries brews, bottles, and distributes several brands of beer: \"33\" Export, Beaufort, Castel, and Tuborg, as well as three beers from De Hooiberg (The Haystack): Amstel, Heineken (since 2005), and Mützig.", "Brasseries du Cameroun __knowledge__ Les Brasseries bottles and distributes Coca-Cola products in Cameroon, and local soft drink trademarks include Top and Djino.", "Beer in San Diego County, California __knowledge__ San Diego County, California, has been called \"the Craft Beer Capital of America.\"", "Beer in San Diego County, California __knowledge__ As of 2016 the county was home to 125 licensed craft breweries – the most of any region in the United States.", "Beer in San Diego County, California __knowledge__ Based on 2016 sales volume, three San Diego County breweries – Stone, Green Flash, and Karl Strauss – rank among the 50 largest craft brewers in the United States.", "Beer in San Diego County, California __knowledge__ San Diego County brewers pioneered the specialty beer style known as Double India Pale Ale (Double IPA), sometimes called San Diego Pale Ale.", "Beer in San Diego County, California __knowledge__ Its beer culture is a draw for tourism, particularly during major festivals such as San Diego Beer Week and the San Diego International Beer Competition.", "London Fields Brewery __knowledge__ London Fields Brewery is a brewery in the London Fields area of Hackney, East London, in the United Kingdom.", "London Fields Brewery __knowledge__ It was the first commercial brewery to open in Hackney since the 19th century.", "London Fields Brewery __knowledge__ As of December 2014, the company has fallen into trouble following the arrest of co-founder Julian de Vere Whiteway-Wilkinson, on suspicion of tax evasion.", "London Fields Brewery __knowledge__ In 2017, London Fields Brewery was purchased in a joint-venture by Brooklyn Brewery and Carlsberg UK with plans to bring brewing back onsite.", "London Fields Brewery __knowledge__ The brewery was founded by Julian de Vere Whiteway-Wilkinson (known as Jules Whiteway) and Ian Burges, around the time of the 2011 London riots, with approximately £10,000 of capital.", "Pearl Brewing Company __knowledge__ The Pearl Brewing Company (also known as the Pearl Brewery or just Pearl) was an American brewery, established in 1883 in Downtown San Antonio, Texas, USA.", "Pearl Brewing Company __knowledge__ In 1985, Pearl's parent company purchased the Pabst Brewing Company and assumed the Pabst name.", "Pearl Brewing Company __knowledge__ In 1999, the Pabst Brewing Company began transferring its production to Miller Brewing, on a contract basis, and closing all of its breweries.", "Pearl Brewing Company __knowledge__ Pearl beer is still in production at Miller's Ft. Worth, Texas facility, but the Pearl Brewery in San Antonio was closed in 2001.", "Pearl Brewing Company __knowledge__ Since then, the former brewery was purchased by Silver Ventures, Inc., which has made the property the crown jewel in revitalization efforts of southern Midtown and northern Downtown San Antonio.", "Kronenbourg Brewery __knowledge__ Kronenbourg Brewery (Brasseries Kronenbourg, ) is a brewery founded in 1664 by Geronimus Hatt in the Free Imperial City of Straßburg (today Strasbourg, France).", "Kronenbourg Brewery __knowledge__ The name comes from the area where the brewery relocated in 1850.", "Kronenbourg Brewery __knowledge__ The company is owned by the Carlsberg Group.", "Kronenbourg Brewery __knowledge__ The main brand is Kronenbourg 1664, a 5.5% abv pale lager.", "Kronenbourg Brewery __knowledge__ Geronimus Hatt, who obtained his Master Brewer's certificate in 1649, started up the Canon Brewery in the Place du Corbeau in Strasbourg.", "Kronenbourg Brewery __knowledge__ His son Claude (born November 1665), succeeded his father in the trade in 1683.", "Kronenbourg Brewery __knowledge__ However, the frequent flooding of the River Ill compelled in 1850 a move to the higher terrain of Cronenbourg, an area of Strasbourg." ] ]

[ 1, 53, 24, 39 ]

[ "really, i know that brewing company is a business that makes and sells beer, do you drink beer", "well, canada beer is good, it was introduced by European settlers in the seventeenth century.", "yes it was, first commercial brewery was La Brasseries due Roy ", "first in cannada, it started by New France Intendant Jean Talon, in Québec City in 1668." ]

[ "Brewery", "Brewery", "Brewery", "Brewery" ]

[ "Dog\nI have a dog named Barney", "What's it favorite food?", "What breed of dog is it?", "What of German Shepherd?", "What do love about your dog?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Barney Stinson __knowledge__ Barnabas \"Barney\" Stinson is a fictional character portrayed by Neil Patrick Harris and created by Carter Bays and Craig Thomas for the CBS television series \"How I Met Your Mother\".", "Barney Stinson __knowledge__ One of the main characters, Barney is a womanizer who uses many 'plays' in his 'playbook' to help him have sex with women.", "Barney Stinson __knowledge__ The character is known for his love of wearing expensive suits, laser tag, alcohol and various catchphrases, including \"Suit up!", "Barney Stinson __knowledge__ \", \"Legendary\", \"Wait for it\" (often combining the two as \"legen—wait for it—dary!", "Barney Stinson __knowledge__ \"), and \"Daddy's home\".", "Barney Stinson __knowledge__ In later seasons, he has a few serious relationships, marries, divorces, and has a child with an unnamed woman from a one-night stand.", "Barney Gumble __knowledge__ Barnard Arnold \"Barney\" Gumble is a fictional character on the American animated sitcom \"The Simpsons\".", "Barney Gumble __knowledge__ The character is voiced by Dan Castellaneta and first appeared in the series premiere episode \"Simpsons Roasting on an Open Fire\".", "Barney Gumble __knowledge__ He is the town drunk of Springfield and Homer Simpson's best friend.", "Barney Gumble __knowledge__ His desperation for alcohol is a frequent butt of jokes on the show.", "Barney Gumble __knowledge__ Barney sobered up in the episode \"Days of Wine and D'oh'ses\", which was co-written by Castellaneta, and stayed sober for several seasons.", "Barney Gumble __knowledge__ Barney was inspired by the cartoon character Barney Rubble from \"The Flintstones\" and by several barflies from other television programs.", "List of How I Met Your Mother characters __knowledge__ The American sitcom \"How I Met Your Mother\" premiered on CBS on September 19, 2005.", "List of How I Met Your Mother characters __knowledge__ Created by Craig Thomas and Carter Bays, the show is presented from the perspective of Ted Mosby in 2030 (\"Future Ted\") as he tells his children how he met the titular mother.", "List of How I Met Your Mother characters __knowledge__ The show lasted for nine seasons and 208 episodes; the finale first aired on March 31, 2014.", "List of How I Met Your Mother characters __knowledge__ The main characters are: Ted, a romantic searching for \"The One\"; Barney Stinson, a womanizer; Robin Scherbatsky, a journalist who moved to New York in 2005; and Marshall Eriksen and Lily Aldrin, a long-term couple.", "List of How I Met Your Mother characters __knowledge__ Although the show is based around The Mother, her first appearance is not until the season-eight finale.", "Andy Taylor (The Andy Griffith Show) __knowledge__ Sheriff Andrew \"Andy\" Jackson Taylor and in earlier episodes as Cousin Andy by Barney Fife is the major character on \"The Andy Griffith Show\", an American sitcom which aired on CBS, (1960–1968).", "Andy Taylor (The Andy Griffith Show) __knowledge__ He also appears in the \"Gomer Pyle, U.S.M.C.\"", "Andy Taylor (The Andy Griffith Show) __knowledge__ episode \"Opie Joins the Marines\", made a cameo appearance in the USMC episode \"Gomer Goes Home,\" five episodes of \"Mayberry R.F.D.\"", "Andy Taylor (The Andy Griffith Show) __knowledge__ (1968–1971) and the reunion telemovie \"Return to Mayberry\" (1986).", "Andy Taylor (The Andy Griffith Show) __knowledge__ The character made his initial appearance in an episode of \"The Danny Thomas Show\" entitled \"Danny Meets Andy Griffith.\"", "Andy Taylor (The Andy Griffith Show) __knowledge__ In the CBS special \"The Andy Griffith - Don Knotts - Jim Nabors Show\" (1965), Andy and Barney are featured in a musical sketch about their friendship and recreate some classic moments between the characters.", "Parting Gifts __knowledge__ \"Parting Gifts\" is episode 10 of season 1 in the television show \"Angel\".", "Parting Gifts __knowledge__ Still reeling from Doyle's death just days ago, Angel and Cordelia encounter an old friend from Sunnydale, Buffy’s former Watcher, Wesley Wyndam-Pryce, now a leather-clad, rogue, demon hunter.", "Parting Gifts __knowledge__ Meanwhile, Cordelia discovers that Doyle has passed on his gift of visions from The Powers That Be, which subject her to the same unbearable headaches that afflicted Doyle.", "Parting Gifts __knowledge__ When one of Angel’s clients, a black-marketeer demon named Barney, learns of Cordelia’s new powers, he abducts her and auctions off her \"seer's eyes\" to a group of wealthy demons and humans, including a representative from Wolfram and Hart.", "Blue Peter __knowledge__ Blue Peter is a British children's television programme, currently shown live on the CBBC television channel.", "Blue Peter __knowledge__ A significant part of British culture, it first aired in 1958 and is the longest-running children's TV show in the world.", "Blue Peter __knowledge__ Although the show has a nautical title and theme, it is a magazine/entertainment show containing viewer and presenter challenges, as well as the famous arts and crafts \"makes\".", "Blue Peter __knowledge__ During its history there have been many presenters, currently Lindsey Russell and Radzi Chinyanganya.", "Blue Peter __knowledge__ The show is produced mainly in a television studio, but there is also a garden, often referred to as the Blue Peter Garden, used during the summer and for outdoor activities.", "Blue Peter pets __knowledge__ The Blue Peter pets are animals that regularly appear on the long-running BBC children's television series \"Blue Peter\".", "Blue Peter pets __knowledge__ For 27 years, when not on TV, these pets were often looked after by \"Blue Peter\"'s long-standing pet keeper Edith Menezes, who died in 1994, the exceptions being the dogs Petra, Shep and Goldie who lived with Peter Purves, John Noakes and Simon Groom respectively, for which the three presenters were paid a stipend for their upkeep.", "Blue Peter pets __knowledge__ The first pet was a dog named Petra in 1962, and since then there have been several dogs, cats, tortoises, and parrots, and horses Joe And Simon.", "Blue Peter pets __knowledge__ The current animals on the show are Shelley the tortoise and Iggy the trainee guide dog puppy." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Domo (NHK) __knowledge__ Domo-kun first appeared in short stop-motion sketches on December 22, 1998 to mark the 10th anniversary of NHK's satellite broadcasting.", "Domo (NHK) __knowledge__ The name \"Domo\" was acquired during the second episode of his show, in which a TV announcer said , which is a greeting that can be translated as \"Well, hello there!", "Domo (NHK) __knowledge__ \", but which can also be interpreted as \"Hello, Domo\", and thus is a convenient pun (\"dajare\").", "Domo (NHK) __knowledge__ The kun suffix on \"Domo-kun\", the name used to describe the character in the Japanese versions, is a Japanese honorific often used with young males.", "Domo (NHK) __knowledge__ Tsuneo Gōda directs Domo episodes using stop motion animation.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Sanrio, a Japanese company specialized in creating cute characters.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ Beginning in 1963, Sanrio sells and licenses products branded with these characters and has created over 400 characters, with the most successful and best known being Hello Kitty.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ The characters listed here are shown with the year in which they first appeared.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ is the best-known of Sanrio's fictional characters, created in 1974.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ Hello Kitty is drawn simply with a trademark red bow.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ Registered in 1975, Hello Kitty is now a globally known trademark.", "List of Sanrio characters __knowledge__ Hello Kitty has been marketed in the United States from the beginning and has held the position of U.S. children's ambassador for UNICEF since 1983.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ The \"Deltora\" series features a wide line of characters, both important and minor.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ The series also features many different monsters and creatures that appeared in all of the many different books.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ This article is a list of the many different characters and creatures that have appeared in the Deltora series.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ Lief was raised as a blacksmith's son in the run-down city of Del after the invasion.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ Hot-headed and impatient at the start of the series, all he wanted to do was go out and explore the city.", "List of Deltora Quest characters __knowledge__ On the night of his sixteenth birthday, he leaves on his father's quest to restore the Belt of Deltora, the only thing that can save their land and the heir from the tyranny of the Shadow Lord.", "The Biggest Loser (season 11) __knowledge__ The Biggest Loser: Couples 4 is the eleventh season of the NBC reality television series entitled \"The Biggest Loser\".", "The Biggest Loser (season 11) __knowledge__ The contestants competed to win a $250,000 prize, which was awarded to Olivia Ward, the contestant with the highest percentage of weight loss.", "The Biggest Loser (season 11) __knowledge__ It premiered on January 4, 2011.", "The Biggest Loser (season 11) __knowledge__ Along with existing trainers Bob Harper and Jillian Michaels, two new trainers (Cara Castronuova and Brett Hoebel) will be featured who were revealed in Week 3.", "The Biggest Loser (season 11) __knowledge__ One of the featured contestants is Rulon Gardner, a former gold medalist at the 2000 Summer Olympics.", "The Biggest Loser (season 11) __knowledge__ It was the longest season in Biggest Loser history at 20 weeks long.", "Ayu Tsukimiya __knowledge__ Yuichi Aizawa, the protagonist of \"Kanon\", meets a lively seventeen-year-old Ayu on the day after he moves to the city depicted in the game.", "Ayu Tsukimiya __knowledge__ As the story progresses, Yuichi discovers that she is trying to find something she lost, but she cannot remember what it is; Yuichi tries to help her in her search, but with no initial success.", "Ayu Tsukimiya __knowledge__ One of her most defining characteristics is the repeated utterance of her catch phrase which she mutters as an expression of various negative emotions such as frustration, anger, and fear.", "Ayu Tsukimiya __knowledge__ Her favorite food is \"taiyaki\", and she is seen eating the confection many times throughout \"Kanon\".", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ Mattel's fashion doll franchise \"Monster High\" features a variety of fictional characters, many of whom are students at the titular high school.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ The female characters are classified as Ghouls and the male characters are classified as Mansters.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ The characters are generally the sons and daughters, or related to monsters that have been popularized in fiction.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ The franchise's official website identifies six of the characters as Original Ghouls.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ In addition to the listed Ghouls and Mansters, there are other characters who have been introduced in the franchise's related media including the web/video and book series.", "Dingo (taxon) __knowledge__ The taxon dingo refers to the native dog found in Australia but may at times also refer to some similar dogs native to peninsular and island southeast Asia and neighboring regions, such as the New Guinea singing dog.", "Dingo (taxon) __knowledge__ The genetic evidence indicates that the \"dingo\" clade originated from East Asian domestic dogs and was introduced through the Southeast Asian archipelago into Australia, with a common ancestry between the Australian dingo and the New Guinea singing dog.", "Dingo (taxon) __knowledge__ In 1758, the taxonomist Linnaeus published in his \"Systema Naturae\" the taxonomic classification of species.", "Dingo (taxon) __knowledge__ \"Canis\" is a Latin word meaning dog, and under this genus he listed the dog-like carnivores including domestic dogs, wolves, and jackals.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ The evolution of the wolf occurred over a geologic time scale of 800 thousand years, transforming the first Middle Pleistocene wolf specimen that is recognized as being morphologically similar to \"Canis lupus\" into today's dog, dingo and gray wolf.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Ecological factors including habitat type, climate, prey specialization and predatory competition has greatly influenced the wolf's genetic population structure and cranio-dental plasticity.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Wolves went through a population bottleneck 20,000 years before present (YBP), which indicates that many wolf populations had gone extinct at a time that coincided with the Last Glacial Maximum and the expansion of modern humans worldwide with their technology for capturing large game.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo (\"Canis lupus dingo\" or \"Canis dingo\") is a type of feral dog native to Australia.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The first British colonists to arrive in 1788 established a settlement at Port Jackson and recorded dingoes living there with indigenous Australians.", "Dingo __knowledge__ Although the dingo exists in the wild, it associates with humans but has not been selectively bred similarly to other domesticated animals.", "Dingo __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized canid that possesses a lean, hardy body designed for speed, agility and stamina.", "Dingo __knowledge__ The dingo's three main coat colours are described as being either light ginger (or tan), black and tan, or creamy white.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago.", "Subspecies of Canis lupus __knowledge__ \"Canis lupus\" has 38 subspecies currently described in the taxonomic authority Mammal Species of the World, including the dingo, \"Canis lupus dingo\", and the domestic dog, \"Canis lupus familiaris\", and many subspecies of wolf throughout the Northern Hemisphere.", "Subspecies of Canis lupus __knowledge__ The nominate subspecies is \"Canis lupus lupus\".", "Subspecies of Canis lupus __knowledge__ \"Canis lupus\" is assessed as least concern by the IUCN, as its relatively widespread range and stable population trend mean that the species, at global level, does not meet, or nearly meet, any of the criteria for the threatened categories.", "Subspecies of Canis lupus __knowledge__ However, some local populations are classified as endangered, and some subspecies are endangered or extinct.", "Canid hybrid __knowledge__ Canid hybrids are the result of interbreeding between different species of the canine (dog) family (genus \"Canis\").", "Canid hybrid __knowledge__ They often occur in the wild, in particular between domestic or feral dogs and wild native canids.", "Canid hybrid __knowledge__ The wolf-like canids are a group of large carnivores that are genetically closely related because their chromosomes number 78.", "Canid hybrid __knowledge__ The group includes genus \"Canis\", \"Cuon\" and \"Lycaon\".", "Canid hybrid __knowledge__ The members are the dog \"(C. lupus familiaris)\", gray wolf (\"C. lupus\"), coyote (\"C. latrans\"), golden jackal (\"C. aureus\"), Ethiopian wolf (\"C. simensis\"), black-backed jackal (\"C. mesomelas\"), side-striped jackal (\"C. adustus\"), dhole (\"Cuon alpinus\"), and African wild dog (\"Lycaon pictus\")." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Conformation show __knowledge__ A conformation show, also referred to as a \"breed show\", is a kind of dog show in which a judge familiar with a specific dog breed evaluates individual purebred dogs for how well the dogs \"conform\" to the established breed type for their breed, as described in a breed's individual breed standard.", "Conformation show __knowledge__ Such shows are useful to breeders as a means of evaluating dogs for breeding purposes.", "Conformation show __knowledge__ A conformation championship from a recognized national kennel club is generally considered a reasonably objective indication of merit, as it indicates that the dog has been found to be a superior example of its breed by some number of different judges on some number of separate occasions.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ The Australian Cattle Dog (ACD), or simply Cattle Dog, is a breed of herding dog originally developed in Australia for droving cattle over long distances across rough terrain.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ This breed is a medium-sized, short-coated dog that occurs in two main colour forms.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ It has either brown or black hair distributed fairly evenly through a white coat, which gives the appearance of a \"red\" or \"blue\" dog.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ As with dogs from other working breeds, the Australian Cattle Dog is energetic and intelligent with an independent streak.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ It responds well to structured training, particularly if it is interesting and challenging.", "Greater Swiss Mountain Dog __knowledge__ The Greater Swiss Mountain Dog ( or ) is a dog breed which was developed in the Swiss Alps.", "Greater Swiss Mountain Dog __knowledge__ The name \"Sennenhund\" refers to people called \"Senn\" or \"Senner\", dairymen and herders in the Swiss Alps.", "Greater Swiss Mountain Dog __knowledge__ Greater Swiss Mountain Dogs are almost certainly the result of indigenous dogs mating with large mastiff types brought to Switzerland by foreign settlers.", "Greater Swiss Mountain Dog __knowledge__ At one time, the breed was believed to have been among the most popular in Switzerland.", "Greater Swiss Mountain Dog __knowledge__ It was assumed to have almost died out by the late 19th century, since its work was being done by other breeds or machines, but was rediscovered in the early 1900s.", "Breed club (dog) __knowledge__ A dog breed club is an association or club of fanciers of a single, specific breed of dog.", "Breed club (dog) __knowledge__ \"Breed clubs\" define the breed with which the club is associated in a document called a breed standard, although there may be multiple \"breed clubs\" for the same breed, each defining the breed in a somewhat different manner.", "Breed club (dog) __knowledge__ \"Breed clubs\" are \"not\" scientific organisations, nor are breed standards meant to be scientific descriptions of a breed.", "Breed club (dog) __knowledge__ \"Any\" fancier or group of fanciers may start a \"breed club\" and write definitions to suit themselves.", "Breed club (dog) __knowledge__ Dog breed clubs exist to \"support the preservation and protection\" of the club's breed.", "Breed standard (dogs) __knowledge__ A breed standard (also called bench standard or the standard) in the dog fancy is a set of guidelines covering specific \"externally observable\" qualities such as \"appearance\", \"movement\", and \"temperament\" for that dog breed.", "Breed standard (dogs) __knowledge__ Breed standards are not scientific documents, but are written for each breed by clubs of hobbyists called breed clubs for their own specific requirements.", "Breed standard (dogs) __knowledge__ Details and definitions within breed standards for a specific dog breed may vary from breed club to breed club and from country to country.", "Breed standard (dogs) __knowledge__ Dog breed standards are similar in form and function to breed standards for other domesticated animals.", "Breed-specific legislation __knowledge__ Breed-specific legislation is a law passed by a legislative body pertaining to a specific breed or breeds of domesticated animals.", "Breed-specific legislation __knowledge__ In practice, it generally refers to laws pertaining to a specific dog breed or breeds.", "Breed-specific legislation __knowledge__ Some jurisdictions have enacted breed-specific legislation in response to a number of well-publicized incidents involving pit bull-type dogs or other dog breeds commonly used in dog fighting, and some government organizations such as the United States Army and Marine Corps have taken administrative action as well.", "Breed-specific legislation __knowledge__ This legislation ranges from outright bans on the possession of these dogs, to restrictions and conditions on ownership, and often establishes a legal presumption that these dogs are \"prima facie\" legally \"dangerous\" or \"vicious\".", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd (, ) is a breed of medium to large-sized working dog that originated in Germany.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed's officially recognized name is German Shepherd Dog in the English language (sometimes abbreviated as \"GSD\").", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed was once known as the Alsatian in Britain and Ireland.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd is a relatively new breed of dog, with their origin dating to 1899.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ As part of the Herding Group, German Shepherds are working dogs developed originally for herding sheep.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ Since that time however, because of their strength, intelligence, trainability, and obedience, German Shepherds around the world are often the preferred breed for many types of work, including disability assistance, search-and-rescue, police and military roles, and even acting.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ The evolution of the wolf occurred over a geologic time scale of 800 thousand years, transforming the first Middle Pleistocene wolf specimen that is recognized as being morphologically similar to \"Canis lupus\" into today's dog, dingo and gray wolf.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Ecological factors including habitat type, climate, prey specialization and predatory competition has greatly influenced the wolf's genetic population structure and cranio-dental plasticity.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Wolves went through a population bottleneck 20,000 years before present (YBP), which indicates that many wolf populations had gone extinct at a time that coincided with the Last Glacial Maximum and the expansion of modern humans worldwide with their technology for capturing large game.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ The gray wolf (\"Canis lupus\"), also known as the timber wolf or western wolf, is a canine native to the wilderness and remote areas of Eurasia and North America.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ It is the largest extant member of its family, with males averaging and females .", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ Like the red wolf, it is distinguished from other \"Canis\" species by its larger size and less pointed features, particularly on the ears and muzzle.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ Its winter fur is long and bushy and predominantly a mottled gray in color, although nearly pure white, red, and brown to black also occur.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ \"Mammal Species of the World\" (3rd ed., 2005), a standard reference work in zoology, recognises 38 subspecies of \"C. lupus\"..Gray wolfs are pack hunters.", "Paleolithic dog __knowledge__ The Paleolithic dog was a Late Pleistocene canine.", "Paleolithic dog __knowledge__ They were directly associated with human hunting camps in Europe over 30,000 years before present (YBP) and it is proposed that they were domesticated.", "Paleolithic dog __knowledge__ They are also proposed to be either a proto-dog and the ancestor of the domestic dog or an extinct morphologically and genetically divergent wolf population.", "Paleolithic dog __knowledge__ A study has classified the Paleolithic dog as \"Canis c.f.", "Paleolithic dog __knowledge__ familiaris\" where c.f.", "Paleolithic dog __knowledge__ is used in Latin to mean confer, uncertain (\"Canis\" believed to be \"familiaris\").", "Paleolithic dog __knowledge__ Previously in 1969, a study of ancient mammoth-bone dwellings at the Mezine paleolithic site in the Chernigov region, Ukraine uncovered 3 possibly domesticated \"short-faced wolves\".", "Beringian wolf __knowledge__ The Beringian wolf is an extinct type of wolf (\"Canis lupus\") that lived during the Ice Age.", "Beringian wolf __knowledge__ It inhabited what is now modern-day Alaska, Yukon, and northern Wyoming.", "Beringian wolf __knowledge__ Some of these wolves survived well into the Holocene.", "Beringian wolf __knowledge__ The Beringian wolf is an ecomorph of the gray wolf and has been comprehensively studied using a range of scientific techniques, yielding new information on the prey species and feeding behavior of prehistoric wolves.", "Beringian wolf __knowledge__ It has been determined that these wolves are morphologically distinct from modern North American wolves and genetically basal to most modern and extinct wolves.", "Beringian wolf __knowledge__ The Beringian wolf has not been assigned a subspecies classification and its relationship with the European cave wolf (\"Canis lupus spelaeus\") is not clear.", "Red wolf __knowledge__ The red wolf (\"Canis rufus\" or \"Canis lupus rufus\"), also known as the Florida black wolf or Mississippi Valley wolf, is a canid of unresolved taxonomic identity native to the eastern United States.", "Red wolf __knowledge__ It is generally, morphologically, an intermediate between the coyote and gray wolf, and is of a reddish, tawny color.", "Red wolf __knowledge__ The Red Wolf is a federally listed endangered species of the United States, and is protected by law.", "Red wolf __knowledge__ It has been listed by IUCN as a critically endangered species since 1996.", "Red wolf __knowledge__ It is considered the rarest species of wolf and is one of the five most endangered species of wolf in the world." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "White Shepherd __knowledge__ The White Shepherd emerged from white-coat lines of the German Shepherd dog in Canada and the United States and from European imports.", "White Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd and the white German Shepherd are the same dog, though their coat colors vary.", "White Shepherd __knowledge__ The White Shepherd breed was officially recognized by the United Kennel Club on April 14, 1999.", "White Shepherd __knowledge__ In German Shepherds, the recessive gene for white coat hair was cast in the breed gene pool by the late 19th and early 20th century breeding program that developed and expanded the German Shepherd Dog breed in Germany.", "White Shepherd __knowledge__ A white herding dog named Greif was the grandfather of Horand von Grafrath, the dog acknowledged as the foundation of all contemporary German Shepherd bloodlines.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd (, ) is a breed of medium to large-sized working dog that originated in Germany.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed's officially recognized name is German Shepherd Dog in the English language (sometimes abbreviated as \"GSD\").", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed was once known as the Alsatian in Britain and Ireland.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd is a relatively new breed of dog, with their origin dating to 1899.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ As part of the Herding Group, German Shepherds are working dogs developed originally for herding sheep.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ Since that time however, because of their strength, intelligence, trainability, and obedience, German Shepherds around the world are often the preferred breed for many types of work, including disability assistance, search-and-rescue, police and military roles, and even acting.", "Old German Shepherd Dog __knowledge__ Old German Shepherd Dog (') is a controversial name for the long-haired variation of the German Shepherd Dog ('), which is not a separate breed recognized by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale.", "Old German Shepherd Dog __knowledge__ Nonetheless, there are efforts to establish this variety as a separate breed.", "Old German Shepherd Dog __knowledge__ Under the Society for the German Shepherd Dog the long-haired variation of the German Shepherd was not accepted for a long time.", "Old German Shepherd Dog __knowledge__ This changed in 2009.", "Old German Shepherd Dog __knowledge__ In 2010, the long-haired variation was again accepted.", "Old German Shepherd Dog __knowledge__ Before that, Breeders of the long-haired variation of the German Shepherd had founded their own Kennel Clubs and had called the long-haired hair variation the \"Old German Shepherd\".", "Schutzhund __knowledge__ Schutzhund (German for \"protection dog\") is a dog sport that was developed in Germany in the early 1900s as a breed suitability test for the German Shepherd breed.", "Schutzhund __knowledge__ The test would determine if the dog displayed the appropriate traits and characteristics of a proper working German Shepherd.", "Schutzhund __knowledge__ Today, it is used as a sport where many breeds other than German Shepherd Dogs can compete, but it is such a demanding test that few dogs can pass.", "Schutzhund __knowledge__ Schutzhund tests dogs of all breeds for the traits necessary for police-type work.", "Schutzhund __knowledge__ Dogs that pass Schutzhund tests should be suitable for a wide variety of tasks: police work, specific odor detection, search and rescue, and many others.", "The German Shepherd Dog in Word and Picture __knowledge__ The German Shepherd Dog in Word and Picture is a book first published in 1923.", "The German Shepherd Dog in Word and Picture __knowledge__ The book is a revised translation from German into English of Der deutsche Schäferhund in Wort und Bild which was written by Max von Stephanitz (the founder of the German Shepherd Dog breed) and first published in 1901 as a 72-page booklet (plus 24 pages of advertising).", "The German Shepherd Dog in Word and Picture __knowledge__ Der deutsche Schäferhund in Wort und Bild was subsequently expanded with later editions, and a complete makeover was published in 1921 with the sixth edition.", "The German Shepherd Dog in Word and Picture __knowledge__ A seventh edition of the German book was published in the same year as the first editions in English, 1923.", "Wolfdog __knowledge__ A wolfdog (also called a wolf–dog hybrid or wolf hybrid) is a canid hybrid resulting from the hybridization of a domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\") to one of four other \"Canis\" sub-species, the gray (\"Canis lupus\"), eastern timber (\"Canis lycaon\"), red (\"Canis rufus\"), and Ethiopian wolves (\"Canis simensis\").", "Wolfdog __knowledge__ Intra-hybridization between dogs and other subspecies of gray wolves are the most common wolfdogs since dogs and gray wolves are considered the same species, are genetically very close, and have shared vast portions of their ranges for millennia.", "Wolfdog __knowledge__ Such hybridization in the wild have been detected in many populations scattered throughout Europe and North America, usually occurring in areas where wolf populations have declined from human impacts and persecutions.", "Police dog __knowledge__ A police dog, known in some English-speaking countries as a \"K-9\" or \"K9\" (a homophone of \"canine\"), is a dog that is specifically trained to assist police and other law-enforcement personnel.", "Police dog __knowledge__ Their duties include: searching for drugs and explosives, locating missing people, finding crime scene evidence, and protecting their handlers.", "Police dog __knowledge__ Police dogs must remember several verbal cues and hand gestures.", "Police dog __knowledge__ The most commonly used breeds are the German Shepherd, Belgian Malinois and Rottweiler.", "Police dog __knowledge__ In many common law jurisdictions, the intentional injuring or killing of a police dog is a felony.", "Police dog __knowledge__ Dogs have been used in law enforcement since the Middle Ages.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ The gray wolf (\"Canis lupus\"), also known as the timber wolf or western wolf, is a canine native to the wilderness and remote areas of Eurasia and North America.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ It is the largest extant member of its family, with males averaging and females .", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ Like the red wolf, it is distinguished from other \"Canis\" species by its larger size and less pointed features, particularly on the ears and muzzle.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ Its winter fur is long and bushy and predominantly a mottled gray in color, although nearly pure white, red, and brown to black also occur.", "Gray wolf __knowledge__ \"Mammal Species of the World\" (3rd ed., 2005), a standard reference work in zoology, recognises 38 subspecies of \"C. lupus\"..Gray wolfs are pack hunters.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ The evolution of the wolf occurred over a geologic time scale of 800 thousand years, transforming the first Middle Pleistocene wolf specimen that is recognized as being morphologically similar to \"Canis lupus\" into today's dog, dingo and gray wolf.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Ecological factors including habitat type, climate, prey specialization and predatory competition has greatly influenced the wolf's genetic population structure and cranio-dental plasticity.", "Evolution of the wolf __knowledge__ Wolves went through a population bottleneck 20,000 years before present (YBP), which indicates that many wolf populations had gone extinct at a time that coincided with the Last Glacial Maximum and the expansion of modern humans worldwide with their technology for capturing large game.", "Dire wolf __knowledge__ The dire wolf (\"Canis dirus\", \"fearsome dog\") is an extinct species of the genus \"Canis\".", "Dire wolf __knowledge__ It is one of the most famous prehistoric carnivores in North America, along with its extinct competitor, the sabre-toothed cat \"Smilodon fatalis\".", "Dire wolf __knowledge__ The dire wolf lived in the Americas during the Late Pleistocene epoch (125,000–10,000 years ago).", "Dire wolf __knowledge__ The species was named in 1858, four years after the first specimen had been found.", "Dire wolf __knowledge__ Two subspecies are recognized, these being \"Canis dirus guildayi\" and \"Canis dirus dirus\".", "Dire wolf __knowledge__ The dire wolf probably evolved from Armbruster's wolf (\"Canis armbrusteri\") in North America.", "Subspecies of Canis lupus __knowledge__ \"Canis lupus\" has 38 subspecies currently described in the taxonomic authority Mammal Species of the World, including the dingo, \"Canis lupus dingo\", and the domestic dog, \"Canis lupus familiaris\", and many subspecies of wolf throughout the Northern Hemisphere.", "Subspecies of Canis lupus __knowledge__ The nominate subspecies is \"Canis lupus lupus\".", "Subspecies of Canis lupus __knowledge__ \"Canis lupus\" is assessed as least concern by the IUCN, as its relatively widespread range and stable population trend mean that the species, at global level, does not meet, or nearly meet, any of the criteria for the threatened categories.", "Subspecies of Canis lupus __knowledge__ However, some local populations are classified as endangered, and some subspecies are endangered or extinct.", "Megafaunal wolf __knowledge__ The megafaunal wolf (\"Canis cf.", "Megafaunal wolf __knowledge__ lupus\") was a Late Pleistocene – early Holocene hypercarnivore similar in size to a large extant gray wolf.", "Megafaunal wolf __knowledge__ It had a shorter, broader palate with large carnassial teeth relative to its overall skull size.", "Megafaunal wolf __knowledge__ This adaptation allowed it to predate and scavenge on Pleistocene megafauna.", "Megafaunal wolf __knowledge__ Such an adaption is an example of phenotypic plasticity.", "Megafaunal wolf __knowledge__ In 2007, the words \"megafaunal\" and \"wolf\" appeared separated in the title of a study.", "Megafaunal wolf __knowledge__ In 2013, one of the study co-authors first used the term \"megafaunal wolf\" in a media release.", "Megafaunal wolf __knowledge__ The megafaunal wolf (\"Canis cf.", "Megafaunal wolf __knowledge__ lupus\", where cf.", "Red wolf __knowledge__ The red wolf (\"Canis rufus\" or \"Canis lupus rufus\"), also known as the Florida black wolf or Mississippi Valley wolf, is a canid of unresolved taxonomic identity native to the eastern United States.", "Red wolf __knowledge__ It is generally, morphologically, an intermediate between the coyote and gray wolf, and is of a reddish, tawny color.", "Red wolf __knowledge__ The Red Wolf is a federally listed endangered species of the United States, and is protected by law.", "Red wolf __knowledge__ It has been listed by IUCN as a critically endangered species since 1996.", "Red wolf __knowledge__ It is considered the rarest species of wolf and is one of the five most endangered species of wolf in the world.", "Eastern wolf __knowledge__ The eastern wolf (\"Canis lycaon\" or \"Canis lupus lycaon\"), also known as the eastern timber wolf, Algonquin wolf or deer wolf, is a canid native to the northeastern side of North America's Great Lakes region.", "Eastern wolf __knowledge__ It is a medium-sized canid which, like the red wolf, is intermediate in size between the coyote and the gray wolf.", "Eastern wolf __knowledge__ It primarily preys on white-tailed deer, but may occasionally attack moose and beaver.", "Eastern wolf __knowledge__ The eastern wolf's taxonomic classification has been under review beginning c. 2000, with various suggestions having been presented as to its derivation, including its being a subspecies of gray wolf, its being conspecific with the red wolf, gray wolf–coyote hybridization, and classification as a separate species within \"Canis\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated, which implies that the direct ancestor of the dog is extinct.", "Dog __knowledge__ The dog was the first species to be domesticated and has been selectively bred over millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes.", "Dog __knowledge__ Their long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet that would be inadequate for other canid species.", "Dog __knowledge__ New research seems to show that dogs have mutations to equivalent genetic regions in humans where changes are known to trigger high sociability and somewhat reduced intelligence.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs vary widely in shape, size and colors.", "Dog __knowledge__ Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals and therapeutic roles.", "Dog __knowledge__ This influence on human society has given them the sobriquet \"man's best friend\".", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Dog meat is the flesh and other edible parts derived from dogs.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Historically, human consumption of dog meat has been recorded in many parts of the world, including East and Southeast Asia, West Africa, Europe, Oceania and the Americas.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ In the 21st century, dog meat is consumed in many parts of China, Korea, and Vietnam.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ Some cultures view the consumption of dog meat as part of their traditional and day-to-day cuisine, while other cultures consider consumption of dog meat a taboo, although they have been consumed in times of war or other hardships.", "Dog meat __knowledge__ It was estimated in 2014 that worldwide, 25 million dogs are eaten each year by humans.", "Hound Dog (song) __knowledge__ \"Hound Dog\" is a twelve-bar blues song written by Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller.", "Hound Dog (song) __knowledge__ Recorded originally by Willie Mae \"Big Mama\" Thornton on August 13, 1952, in Los Angeles and released by Peacock Records in late February 1953, \"Hound Dog\" was Thornton's only hit record, selling over 500,000 copies, spending 14 weeks in the R&B charts, including seven weeks at number one.", "Hound Dog (song) __knowledge__ Thornton's recording of \"Hound Dog\" is listed as one of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's \"500 Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll\", and was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in February 2013.", "Hound Dog (song) __knowledge__ \"Hound Dog\" has been recorded more than 250 times.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The domestic dog is a member of the genus \"Canis\", which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The closest living relative of the dog is the extant gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated.", "Origin of the domestic dog __knowledge__ The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago, with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ The Australian Cattle Dog (ACD), or simply Cattle Dog, is a breed of herding dog originally developed in Australia for droving cattle over long distances across rough terrain.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ This breed is a medium-sized, short-coated dog that occurs in two main colour forms.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ It has either brown or black hair distributed fairly evenly through a white coat, which gives the appearance of a \"red\" or \"blue\" dog.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ As with dogs from other working breeds, the Australian Cattle Dog is energetic and intelligent with an independent streak.", "Australian Cattle Dog __knowledge__ It responds well to structured training, particularly if it is interesting and challenging.", "List of All Creatures Great and Small episodes __knowledge__ This is a list of all 90 television episodes from the British television series \"All Creatures Great and Small\".", "List of All Creatures Great and Small episodes __knowledge__ Dates shown are original broadcast dates on BBC One.", "List of All Creatures Great and Small episodes __knowledge__ The core quartet of characters — James Herriot, Siegfried Farnon, Tristan Farnon and Helen Herriot (née Alderson) — appear, unless otherwise stated.", "List of All Creatures Great and Small episodes __knowledge__ James and Siegfried are the only two characters to appear in every episode.", "List of All Creatures Great and Small episodes __knowledge__ Tristan appears in 65 episodes, Helen in 87.", "List of All Creatures Great and Small episodes __knowledge__ The final appearances of regular cast members are also noted.", "List of All Creatures Great and Small episodes __knowledge__ The opening credits, filmed in 1977 for the first three series, feature Siegfried and James driving around the Dales and, at one point, sharing a laugh in the car.", "Dog training __knowledge__ Dog training is the application of behavior analysis which uses the environmental events of antecedents and consequences to modify the behavior of a dog, either for it to assist in specific activities or undertake particular tasks, or for it to participate effectively in contemporary domestic life.", "Dog training __knowledge__ While training dogs for specific roles dates back to Roman times at least, the training of dogs to be compatible household pets developed with suburbanization in the 1950s.", "Dog training __knowledge__ A dog learns from interactions it has with its environment.", "Dog training __knowledge__ This can be through classical conditioning, where it forms an association between two stimuli; non-associative learning, where its behavior is modified through habituation or sensitisation; and operant conditioning, where it forms an association between an antecedent and its consequence.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd (, ) is a breed of medium to large-sized working dog that originated in Germany.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed's officially recognized name is German Shepherd Dog in the English language (sometimes abbreviated as \"GSD\").", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The breed was once known as the Alsatian in Britain and Ireland.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd is a relatively new breed of dog, with their origin dating to 1899.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ As part of the Herding Group, German Shepherds are working dogs developed originally for herding sheep.", "German Shepherd __knowledge__ Since that time however, because of their strength, intelligence, trainability, and obedience, German Shepherds around the world are often the preferred breed for many types of work, including disability assistance, search-and-rescue, police and military roles, and even acting.", "White Shepherd __knowledge__ The White Shepherd emerged from white-coat lines of the German Shepherd dog in Canada and the United States and from European imports.", "White Shepherd __knowledge__ The German Shepherd and the white German Shepherd are the same dog, though their coat colors vary.", "White Shepherd __knowledge__ The White Shepherd breed was officially recognized by the United Kennel Club on April 14, 1999.", "White Shepherd __knowledge__ In German Shepherds, the recessive gene for white coat hair was cast in the breed gene pool by the late 19th and early 20th century breeding program that developed and expanded the German Shepherd Dog breed in Germany.", "White Shepherd __knowledge__ A white herding dog named Greif was the grandfather of Horand von Grafrath, the dog acknowledged as the foundation of all contemporary German Shepherd bloodlines.", "Schutzhund __knowledge__ Schutzhund (German for \"protection dog\") is a dog sport that was developed in Germany in the early 1900s as a breed suitability test for the German Shepherd breed.", "Schutzhund __knowledge__ The test would determine if the dog displayed the appropriate traits and characteristics of a proper working German Shepherd.", "Schutzhund __knowledge__ Today, it is used as a sport where many breeds other than German Shepherd Dogs can compete, but it is such a demanding test that few dogs can pass.", "Schutzhund __knowledge__ Schutzhund tests dogs of all breeds for the traits necessary for police-type work.", "Schutzhund __knowledge__ Dogs that pass Schutzhund tests should be suitable for a wide variety of tasks: police work, specific odor detection, search and rescue, and many others.", "Military Working Dog Teams National Monument __knowledge__ The Military Working Dog Teams National Monument is a U.S. National Monument located at Lackland Air Force Base in San Antonio, Texas.", "Military Working Dog Teams National Monument __knowledge__ It was founded by John C. Burnam, published author and Vietnam Veteran Infantryman and German Shepherd Scout Dog Handler (1966-1968).", "Military Working Dog Teams National Monument __knowledge__ The monument was designed by the John Burnam Monument Foundation.", "Military Working Dog Teams National Monument __knowledge__ It represents all wars since World War II and all five U.S. Armed Services (Army, Marines, Navy Air Force, and Coast Guard).", "Military Working Dog Teams National Monument __knowledge__ The monument grounds encompass a 3,000 square feet granite plaza, granite pedestals, granite history wall, and granite benches.", "Military Working Dog Teams National Monument __knowledge__ The granite pedestals have large bronze statues of dogs and handlers.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ The Border Collie is a working and herding dog breed developed in the Anglo-Scottish border region for herding livestock, especially sheep.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ It was specifically bred for intelligence and obedience.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ Considered highly intelligent, extremely energetic, acrobatic and athletic, they frequently compete with great success in sheepdog trials and dog sports.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ They are often cited as the most intelligent of all domestic dogs.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ Border Collies continue to be employed in their traditional work of herding livestock throughout the world.", "Border Collie __knowledge__ In general, Border Collies are medium-sized dogs with a moderate amount of coat, which is most often thick and sheds often.", "Wolfdog __knowledge__ A wolfdog (also called a wolf–dog hybrid or wolf hybrid) is a canid hybrid resulting from the hybridization of a domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\") to one of four other \"Canis\" sub-species, the gray (\"Canis lupus\"), eastern timber (\"Canis lycaon\"), red (\"Canis rufus\"), and Ethiopian wolves (\"Canis simensis\").", "Wolfdog __knowledge__ Intra-hybridization between dogs and other subspecies of gray wolves are the most common wolfdogs since dogs and gray wolves are considered the same species, are genetically very close, and have shared vast portions of their ranges for millennia.", "Wolfdog __knowledge__ Such hybridization in the wild have been detected in many populations scattered throughout Europe and North America, usually occurring in areas where wolf populations have declined from human impacts and persecutions." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 49, 14, 4 ]

[ "domestic dog (\"Canis lupus familiaris\" or \"Canis familiaris\") is a member of the genus \"Canis\" (canines)", "Better bites! dog and the extant gray wolf are sister taxa as modern wolves are not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated", "The gray wolf (\"Canis lupus\"), also known as the timber wolf ", "German Shepherd (, ) is a breed of medium to large-sized working dog that originated in Germany.", "I love it because long association with humans has led dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior and they are able to thrive on a starch-rich diet " ]

[ "Dog", "Dog", "Dog", "Dog", "Dog" ]

[ "Pop music", "I like pop music as well. It is still going strong today", "Where did pop music come from. Was in the States or did it come from overseas?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pop music __knowledge__ Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid-1950s.", "Pop music __knowledge__ The terms \"popular music\" and \"pop music\" are often used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular and includes many different styles.", "Pop music __knowledge__ \"Pop\" and \"rock\" were roughly synonymous terms until the late 1960s, when they became increasingly differentiated from each other.", "Pop music __knowledge__ Although much of the music that appears on record charts is seen as pop music, the genre is distinguished from chart music.", "Pop music __knowledge__ Pop music is eclectic, and often borrows elements from other styles such as urban, dance, rock, Latin, and country; nonetheless, there are core elements that define pop music.", "Pop music __knowledge__ Identifying factors include generally short to medium-length songs written in a basic format (often the verse-chorus structure), as well as common use of repeated choruses, melodic tunes, and hooks.", "Pop music __knowledge__ David Hatch and Stephen Millward define pop music as \"a body of music which is distinguishable from popular, jazz, and folk musics\".", "Pop music __knowledge__ According to Pete Seeger, pop music is \"professional music which draws upon both folk music and fine arts music\".", "Pop music __knowledge__ Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pop music __knowledge__ Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid-1950s.", "Pop music __knowledge__ The terms \"popular music\" and \"pop music\" are often used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular and includes many different styles.", "Pop music __knowledge__ \"Pop\" and \"rock\" were roughly synonymous terms until the late 1960s, when they became increasingly differentiated from each other.", "Pop music __knowledge__ Although much of the music that appears on record charts is seen as pop music, the genre is distinguished from chart music.", "Pop music __knowledge__ Pop music is eclectic, and often borrows elements from other styles such as urban, dance, rock, Latin, and country; nonetheless, there are core elements that define pop music.", "Pop music __knowledge__ Identifying factors include generally short to medium-length songs written in a basic format (often the verse-chorus structure), as well as common use of repeated choruses, melodic tunes, and hooks.", "Pop music __knowledge__ David Hatch and Stephen Millward define pop music as \"a body of music which is distinguishable from popular, jazz, and folk musics\".", "Pop music __knowledge__ According to Pete Seeger, pop music is \"professional music which draws upon both folk music and fine arts music\".", "Pop music __knowledge__ Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music.", "J-pop __knowledge__ J-pop (often stylized as J-POP; \"jeipoppu\"; an abbreviation for Japanese pop), natively also known simply as pops, is a musical genre that entered the musical mainstream of Japan in the 1990s.", "J-pop __knowledge__ Modern J-pop has its roots in traditional Japanese music, but significantly in 1960s pop and rock music, such as The Beatles and The Beach Boys, which led to Japanese rock bands such as Happy End fusing rock with Japanese music in the early 1970s.", "J-pop __knowledge__ J-pop was further defined by new wave groups in the late 1970s, particularly electronic synth-pop band Yellow Magic Orchestra and pop rock band Southern All Stars.", "Newcastle upon Tyne __knowledge__ Newcastle upon Tyne ( ; ), commonly known as Newcastle, is a city in Tyne and Wear, North East England, 103 miles (166 km) south of Edinburgh and 277 miles (446 km) north of London on the northern bank of the River Tyne, from the North Sea.", "Newcastle upon Tyne __knowledge__ Newcastle is the most populous city in the North East, and forms the core of the Tyneside conurbation, the eighth most populous urban area in the United Kingdom.", "Newcastle upon Tyne __knowledge__ Newcastle is a member of the English Core Cities Group and is a member of the Eurocities network of European cities.", "Newcastle upon Tyne __knowledge__ Newcastle was part of the county of Northumberland until 1400, when it became a county of itself, a status it retained until becoming part of Tyne and Wear in 1974.", "2000s in music __knowledge__ This article includes an overview of the major events and trends in popular music in the 2000s.", "2000s in music __knowledge__ The 2000s saw the creation or emergence of a few styles, such as indie-related genres such as Emo, Alternative R&B, and a multitude of new electronic subgenres, most notably Dubstep, Bass music and Moombahton, as well as genres that fused influences from past decades, mostly the 80s, into creating new styles such as Nu-disco and Hypnagogic pop.", "2000s in music __knowledge__ In fact convergence of different styles was one of the more defining features of the decade, as seen with the creation and commercial success of the British Grime genre and Trap music and Chillwave in the United States.", "Music of Indonesia __knowledge__ The music of Indonesia demonstrates its cultural diversity, the local musical creativity, as well as subsequent foreign musical influences that shaped contemporary music scenes of Indonesia.", "Music of Indonesia __knowledge__ Nearly thousands of Indonesian islands having its own cultural and artistic history and character.", "Music of Indonesia __knowledge__ This results in hundreds of different forms of music, which often accompanies by dance and theatre.", "Music of Indonesia __knowledge__ The musics of Java, Sumatra, Bali, Flores and other islands have been documented and recorded, and research by Indonesian and international scholars is ongoing.", "Music of Indonesia __knowledge__ The music in Indonesia predates historical records, various Native Indonesian tribes often incorporate chants and songs accompanied with musics instruments in their rituals.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Rock music is a broad genre of popular music that originated as \"rock and roll\" in the United States in the early 1950s, and developed into a range of different styles in the 1960s and later, particularly in the United Kingdom and in the United States.", "Rock music __knowledge__ It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, a style which drew heavily on the African-American genres of blues and rhythm and blues, and from country music.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Rock music also drew strongly on a number of other genres such as electric blues and folk, and incorporated influences from jazz, classical and other musical styles.", "Rock music __knowledge__ Musically, rock has centered on the electric guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass and drums and one or more singers.", "Les Fradkin __knowledge__ Les Fradkin (born 1951) is an American MIDI guitarist, keyboardist, songwriter, composer, and record producer.", "Les Fradkin __knowledge__ He is best known for being a member of the original cast of the hit Broadway show \"Beatlemania\".", "Les Fradkin __knowledge__ In addition to playing MIDI guitar, he plays 12 string guitar, the Starr Labs Ztar, guitar synthesizer, SynthAxe, Hammond organ, Mellotron, piano, bass guitar, and Moog synthesizer.", "Les Fradkin __knowledge__ Fradkin was born in New York City and raised in Riverdale in the Bronx.", "Les Fradkin __knowledge__ He travelled extensively in Europe, the United Kingdom and the Caribbean as a youngster.", "Les Fradkin __knowledge__ He began his musical education at the age of 10 being taught the basics of classical piano from his mother, a former concert pianist.", "Argentine rock __knowledge__ Argentine rock (locally Rock nacional) is rock music composed or performed by Argentine bands or artists mostly in Spanish.", "Argentine rock __knowledge__ \"Argentine rock\" began recycling hits of English-language rock & roll.", "Argentine rock __knowledge__ However a rising trend of composing new songs mostly in Spanish can be traced at late 1960s, when several garage groups and aspiring musicians began composing songs and lyrics that related to local social and musical themes.", "Argentine rock __knowledge__ Since then, Argentine rock started a continued and uninterrupted evolution through the 1970s and into the 1980s, being widely considered one of the most prolific and successful forms of Rock en Español, and one of the most important non-English language forms of rock music in the world.", "Emotion (Carly Rae Jepsen album) __knowledge__ Emotion (stylized as E•MO•TION) is the third studio album by Canadian singer Carly Rae Jepsen.", "Emotion (Carly Rae Jepsen album) __knowledge__ It was released on June 24, 2015 in Japan and on August 21, 2015 worldwide through 604, School Boy, and Interscope Records.", "Emotion (Carly Rae Jepsen album) __knowledge__ Looking to transition from the bubblegum pop-oriented nature of her second studio album \"Kiss\" (2012), Jepsen found inspiration in 1980s music and alternative styles.", "Emotion (Carly Rae Jepsen album) __knowledge__ She enlisted a team of mainstream and indie collaborators, including Sia, Mattman & Robin, Dev Hynes, Ariel Rechtshaid and Rostam Batmanglij, culminating in a largely synth-pop-centric effort.", "Emotion (Carly Rae Jepsen album) __knowledge__ \"Emotion\" received acclaim from contemporary music critics, who praised its pop escapism, but were divided over its lyrical content.", "1980s in music __knowledge__ This article includes an overview of the major events and trends in popular music in the 1980s.", "1980s in music __knowledge__ The 1980s saw the emergence of dance music and new wave.", "1980s in music __knowledge__ As disco fell out of fashion in the decade's early years, genres such as post-disco, Italo disco, Euro disco and dance-pop became more popular.", "1980s in music __knowledge__ Rock music continued to enjoy a wide audience.", "1980s in music __knowledge__ Soft rock, glam metal, thrash metal, shred guitar characterized by heavy distortion, pinch harmonics and whammy bar abuse became very popular.", "1980s in music __knowledge__ Adult contemporary, quiet storm, and smooth jazz gained popularity.", "1980s in music __knowledge__ In the late 1980s, glam metal became the largest, most commercially successful brand of music in the United States and worldwide." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pop music __knowledge__ Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid-1950s.", "Pop music __knowledge__ The terms \"popular music\" and \"pop music\" are often used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular and includes many different styles.", "Pop music __knowledge__ \"Pop\" and \"rock\" were roughly synonymous terms until the late 1960s, when they became increasingly differentiated from each other.", "Pop music __knowledge__ Although much of the music that appears on record charts is seen as pop music, the genre is distinguished from chart music.", "Pop music __knowledge__ Pop music is eclectic, and often borrows elements from other styles such as urban, dance, rock, Latin, and country; nonetheless, there are core elements that define pop music.", "Pop music __knowledge__ Identifying factors include generally short to medium-length songs written in a basic format (often the verse-chorus structure), as well as common use of repeated choruses, melodic tunes, and hooks.", "Pop music __knowledge__ David Hatch and Stephen Millward define pop music as \"a body of music which is distinguishable from popular, jazz, and folk musics\".", "Pop music __knowledge__ According to Pete Seeger, pop music is \"professional music which draws upon both folk music and fine arts music\".", "Pop music __knowledge__ Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music.", "2000s in music __knowledge__ This article includes an overview of the major events and trends in popular music in the 2000s.", "2000s in music __knowledge__ The 2000s saw the creation or emergence of a few styles, such as indie-related genres such as Emo, Alternative R&B, and a multitude of new electronic subgenres, most notably Dubstep, Bass music and Moombahton, as well as genres that fused influences from past decades, mostly the 80s, into creating new styles such as Nu-disco and Hypnagogic pop.", "2000s in music __knowledge__ In fact convergence of different styles was one of the more defining features of the decade, as seen with the creation and commercial success of the British Grime genre and Trap music and Chillwave in the United States.", "J-pop __knowledge__ J-pop (often stylized as J-POP; \"jeipoppu\"; an abbreviation for Japanese pop), natively also known simply as pops, is a musical genre that entered the musical mainstream of Japan in the 1990s.", "J-pop __knowledge__ Modern J-pop has its roots in traditional Japanese music, but significantly in 1960s pop and rock music, such as The Beatles and The Beach Boys, which led to Japanese rock bands such as Happy End fusing rock with Japanese music in the early 1970s.", "J-pop __knowledge__ J-pop was further defined by new wave groups in the late 1970s, particularly electronic synth-pop band Yellow Magic Orchestra and pop rock band Southern All Stars.", "British pop music __knowledge__ British pop music is popular music, produced commercially in the United Kingdom.", "British pop music __knowledge__ It emerged in the mid-to late 1950s as a softer alternative to rock 'n' roll and later to rock music.", "British pop music __knowledge__ Like American pop music it has a focus on commercial recording, often orientated towards a youth market, as well as that of the Singles Chart usually through the medium of relatively short and simple love songs.", "British pop music __knowledge__ While these basic elements of the genre have remained fairly constant, pop music has absorbed influences from most other forms of popular music, particularly borrowing from the development of rock music, and utilising key technological innovations to produce new variations on existing themes.", "Rock music in Australia __knowledge__ Australian rock, also called Oz rock, is rock music from Australia.", "Rock music in Australia __knowledge__ The nation has a rich history of rock music and an appreciation of the roots of various rock genres, usually originating in the United States or Britain, but also Ireland, continental Europe, and more recently the musical styles of Africa.", "Rock music in Australia __knowledge__ Australian rock has also contributed to the development of some of these genres, as well as having its own unique Australiana sound with pub rock and its indigenous music.", "Rock music in Australia __knowledge__ From 1955 to 1975 three distinct \"waves\" of Australian rock occurred.", "Rock music in Australia __knowledge__ The first wave was from 1955 to 1963 and was influenced by American and British styles with local variants provided by artists such as Johnny O'Keefe, who had a hit with \"Wild One\", which appeared in July 1958.", "K-pop __knowledge__ K-pop (abbreviation of Korean popular music or Korean pop; ) is a music genre originating in South Korea, characterized by a wide variety of audiovisual elements.", "K-pop __knowledge__ Although it includes all genres of \"popular music\" within South Korea, the term is often used in a narrower sense to describe a modern form of South Korean pop music drawing inspiration on a range of styles and genres incorporated from the across the world such as Western pop music, rock, experimental, jazz, gospel, Latin, hip hop, R&B, reggae, electronic dance, folk, country and classical on top of its uniquely traditional Korean music roots.", "2010s in music __knowledge__ This article describes trends in popular music in the 2010s.", "2010s in music __knowledge__ See also: 2010s in the music industry.", "2010s in music __knowledge__ The melismatic vocals mainstream during the 1990s and 2000s in pop and contemporary R&B lost favor by mid-late 2009, as vocally lower key artists, including Katy Perry, Taylor Swift and Rihanna, started to outsell new releases by perennial melismatic favorites, Mariah Carey and Christina Aguilera.", "2010s in music __knowledge__ By the mid-2010s, the style of vocals popular in indie pop have become immensely widespread among pop instrumentalists as they are commonly used by younger artists, like Lorde and Birdy.", "2010s in music __knowledge__ Traditional instruments, such as the mandolin, dulcimer, ukulele, banjo, and accordion, have been utilized more often, especially in indie rock musicians and singer songwriters, including Mumford and Sons, Vance Joy, Phillip Phillips, and The Lumineers, along with country players, such as Kacey Musgraves, Granger Smith and Zac Brown Band.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ Ethnomusicology is the study of music from the cultural and social aspects of the people who make it.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ It encompasses distinct theoretical and methodical approaches that emphasize cultural, social, material, cognitive, biological, and other dimensions or contexts of musical behavior, instead of only its isolated sound component.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ The term \"ethnomusicology\" is said to have been first coined by Jaap Kunst from the Greek words ἔθνος (\"ethnos\", \"nation\") and μουσική (\"mousike\", \"music\"), is often defined as the anthropology or ethnography of music, or as musical anthropology.", "Ethnomusicology __knowledge__ During its early development from comparative musicology in the 1950s, ethnomusicology was primarily oriented toward non-Western music, but for several decades has included the study of all and any musics of the world (including Western art music and popular music) from anthropological, sociological and intercultural perspectives.", "American popular music __knowledge__ American popular music has had a profound effect on music across the world.", "American popular music __knowledge__ The country has seen the rise of popular styles that have had a significant influence on global culture, including ragtime, blues, jazz, swing, rock, bluegrass, country, R&B, doo wop, gospel, soul, funk, heavy metal, punk, disco, house, techno, salsa, grunge and hip hop.", "American popular music __knowledge__ In addition, the American music industry is quite diverse, supporting a number of regional styles such as zydeco, klezmer and slack-key.", "American popular music __knowledge__ Distinctive styles of American popular music emerged early in the 19th century, and in the 20th century the American music industry developed a series of new forms of music, using elements of blues and other genres of American folk music.", "Smile (The Beach Boys album) __knowledge__ Smile (sometimes stylized as SMiLE) was a projected album by American rock band the Beach Boys intended to follow their 11th studio album, \"Pet Sounds\" (1966).", "Smile (The Beach Boys album) __knowledge__ After bandleader Brian Wilson abandoned large portions of music recorded over a ten-month period, the band substituted its release with \"Smiley Smile\" (1967), an album containing stripped-down remakes of some \"Smile\" material.", "Smile (The Beach Boys album) __knowledge__ Some of the original \"Smile\" tracks eventually found their way onto subsequent Beach Boys' studio and compilation albums.", "Smile (The Beach Boys album) __knowledge__ As more fans learned of the project's origins, details of its recordings acquired considerable mystique, and it was later acknowledged as the most legendary unreleased album in the history of popular music.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The music of the United States reflects the country's multi-ethnic population through a diverse array of styles.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ It is a mixture of music influenced by West African, Irish, Scottish and mainland European among others.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The country's most internationally renowned genres are jazz, blues, country, bluegrass, rock, rhythm and blues, soul, ragtime, hip hop, barbershop, pop, experimental, techno, house, dance, boogaloo, salsa, and rock and roll.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ The United States has the world's largest music market with a total retail value of 4,898.3 million dollars in 2014, and its music is heard around the world.", "Music of the United States __knowledge__ Since the beginning of the 20th century, some forms of American popular music have gained a near global audience.", "Popular music __knowledge__ Popular music is music with wide appeal that is typically distributed to large audiences through the music industry.", "Popular music __knowledge__ These forms and styles can be enjoyed and performed by people with little or no musical training.", "Popular music __knowledge__ It stands in contrast to both art music and traditional or \"folk\" music.", "Popular music __knowledge__ Art music was historically disseminated through the performances of written music, although since the beginning of the recording industry, it is also disseminated through recordings.", "Popular music __knowledge__ Traditional music forms such as early blues songs or hymns were passed along orally, or to smaller, local audiences.", "Popular music __knowledge__ The original application of the term is to music of the 1880s Tin Pan Alley period in the United States." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 1 ]

[ "i really like pop music, it originated mid 50's how about you?", "yeah it's short for \"popular music\" which I guess makes sense, it's popular for a reason!", "well it definitely started in the united states and united kingdom" ]

[ "Pop music", "Pop music", "Pop music" ]

[ "Pizza\nPizza has got to be one of my favorite foods ever.", "Oh really? I didn't know that.", "Oh I know, it is so great. What are your favorite toppings?", "Pepperoni is my favorite topping, mushrooms too.", "It really is, it's so hard to get sick of it." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Solitary (TV series) __knowledge__ Solitary is a reality show on the Fox Reality Channel whose contestants were kept in round-the-clock solitary confinement for a number of weeks with the goal of being the last contestant remaining in solitary, for a $50,000 prize.", "Solitary (TV series) __knowledge__ It was the channel's first original series commission with its debut on May 29, 2006.", "Solitary (TV series) __knowledge__ The last season, \"Solitary 4.0\", ended on March 20, 2010.", "Solitary (TV series) __knowledge__ A German version is broadcast on German TV channel ProSieben.", "Solitary (TV series) __knowledge__ Solitary 3.0 also broadcast in Singapore.", "Solitary (TV series) __knowledge__ The show calls itself a \"social experiment\" in determining the physical and mental endurance of the competitors.", "Solitary (TV series) __knowledge__ The show's theme is based on solitary confinement; accordingly, the contestants are placed in isolated pods, with only an artificial intelligence named Val to communicate with.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The history of pizza begins in antiquity, when various ancient cultures produced flatbreads with toppings.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flat bread known to the Romans as \"panis focacius\", to which toppings were then added.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza developed in Naples, when tomato was added to the focaccia in the late 18th century.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The word \"pizza\" was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Pizza was mainly eaten in the country of Italy and by emigrants from there.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ This changed after World War II, when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods.", "The Biggest Loser (season 5) __knowledge__ The Biggest Loser: Couples is the fifth season of the NBC reality television series \"The Biggest Loser\".", "The Biggest Loser (season 5) __knowledge__ The fifth season premiered on January 1, 2008 with ten overweight couples competing for a cash prize of $250,000.", "The Biggest Loser (season 5) __knowledge__ This season featured Alison Sweeney as the host, with trainers Bob Harper and Jillian Michaels; all three returning from season four.", "The Biggest Loser (season 5) __knowledge__ Although the contestants came in as teams of two (couples), the grand prize was eventually awarded to an individual.", "The Biggest Loser (season 5) __knowledge__ In the end Ali Vincent won, making her the first female winner in the history of the United States \"Biggest Loser\" series.", "The Biggest Loser (season 5) __knowledge__ Total Votes counts only votes that are revealed at elimination.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"" ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "Blaine Anderson __knowledge__ Blaine Devon Anderson is a fictional character from the American musical comedy-drama television series \"Glee\".", "Blaine Anderson __knowledge__ Played by Darren Criss, Blaine was introduced in the sixth episode of the second season as the openly gay lead singer of the Dalton Academy Warblers, a rival show choir to New Directions, the show's primary musical group.", "Blaine Anderson __knowledge__ Blaine initially served as a mentor for New Directions member Kurt Hummel (Chris Colfer).", "Blaine Anderson __knowledge__ Chemistry between the two, combined with fan support for the couple, led series co-creator Ryan Murphy to pair them romantically.", "Blaine Anderson __knowledge__ Their relationship has been well received by critics, and they have been named \"one of the most beloved TV couples of the millennium\" by Jarett Wieselman of the \"New York Post\".", "List of songs and yells of the University of Trinity College __knowledge__ The songs and yells of the University of Trinity College in the University of Toronto are diverse.", "List of songs and yells of the University of Trinity College __knowledge__ Many of the songs seem archaic and bizarre to outsiders, but are a cherished part of daily life in the college, and are of diverse and often obscure origins.", "List of songs and yells of the University of Trinity College __knowledge__ The predominant sources are twofold: some are inherited directly from the Oxbridge universities in England, while many of the more recent have their roots in periods and events in Trinity's own history.", "List of songs and yells of the University of Trinity College __knowledge__ The college song, Met'Agona Stephanos, has been rewritten so many times that it now includes both Greek and Latin verses.", "List of songs and yells of the University of Trinity College __knowledge__ The first Latin verse, Nimium Cervisi, was an epinikion, a victory ode sung after the annual steeplechase run on St. Simon and St. Jude's Day, the 28th of October.", "I Am Unicorn __knowledge__ \"I Am Unicorn\" is the second episode of the third season of the American musical television series \"Glee\", and the forty-sixth overall.", "I Am Unicorn __knowledge__ The episode was written by series co-creator Ryan Murphy, directed by series co-creator Brad Falchuk, and first aired on September 27, 2011 on Fox in the United States.", "I Am Unicorn __knowledge__ It features the return of Shelby Corcoran (Idina Menzel) to the show to direct a rival glee club at William McKinley High even while New Directions, the current club, is having trouble recruiting members.", "I Am Unicorn __knowledge__ Shelby also wants Quinn (Dianna Agron) and Puck (Mark Salling), the biological parents of her adopted daughter Beth, to be a part of Beth's life.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ Oh Eun-sun (Korean: 오은선, Hanja: 吳銀善, born March 5, 1966) is a South Korean female mountaineer.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ She is the first Korean woman to climb the Seven Summits.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ On April 27, 2010, she reached the Annapurna summit.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ Oh claimed she had climbed all fourteen eight-thousanders, which would have made her the first woman to achieve this feat, but her claim to have ascended Kangchenjunga was disputed by multiple experts.", "Oh Eun-sun __knowledge__ Oh Eun-sun later admitted that she had to stop a few hundred meters before the Kangchenjunga summit — therefore the Korean Alpine Federation ruled that Oh did not climb that peak, and the mountaineering site ExplorersWeb considered that Edurne Pasaban is the first woman to have successfully climbed all fourteen peaks.", "Take It From Here __knowledge__ Take It From Here (often referred to as TIFH, pronounced — and sometimes humorously spelt — \"TIFE\") is a British radio comedy programme broadcast by the BBC between 1948 and 1960.", "Take It From Here __knowledge__ It was written by Frank Muir and Denis Norden, and starred Jimmy Edwards, Dick Bentley and Joy Nichols.", "Take It From Here __knowledge__ When Nichols moved to New York City in 1953, she was replaced by June Whitfield and Alma Cogan.", "Take It From Here __knowledge__ The show is perhaps most famous for introducing \"The Glums\".", "Take It From Here __knowledge__ Through \"TIFH\" Muir and Norden reinvented British post-war radio comedy — amongst other influences, it was one of the first shows with a significant segment consisting of parody of film and book styles, later used extensively in programmes such as \"Round the Horne\" and many television programmes.", "Gerti Daub __knowledge__ Gerti Daub Hollmann (born 1937 in Utrecht, Netherlands) is a German esthetician, model and actress.", "Gerti Daub __knowledge__ Crowned Miss Germany of 1957, she is probably most famous for being the girl who many thought should have won the scandal-plagued 1957 Miss Universe contest but didn't.", "Gerti Daub __knowledge__ The 1957 Miss Universe Pageant was beset by a number of serious scandals, not just the judges' failure to select Miss Germany, the popular favorite, as Miss Universe.", "Gerti Daub __knowledge__ Daub, a 19-year-old, 5' 6½\" green-eyed blonde from Hamburg, was crowned Miss Hamburg in May, 1957.", "Gerti Daub __knowledge__ The next month she won the Miss Germany title and just four days later placed third in the Miss Europe competition.", "Transamerican Love Story __knowledge__ Transamerican Love Story is an American reality dating show in which suitors woo transgender woman Calpernia Addams.", "Transamerican Love Story __knowledge__ Addams chooses a suitor by process of elimination.", "Transamerican Love Story __knowledge__ When the show first aired, viewers could vote their preferences online, but it was Addams who chose whom to eliminate.", "Transamerican Love Story __knowledge__ Calpernia is accompanied by her friend Andrea James; each episode is hosted by comedian Alec Mapa.", "Transamerican Love Story __knowledge__ \"Transamerican Love Story\" is the first reality dating show in the United States in which contestants compete for the attention and approval of a transgender woman.", "Transamerican Love Story __knowledge__ Logo TV, a digital cable channel with LGBT content, announced the series in November 2007, and premiered the first episode the following February.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The history of pizza begins in antiquity, when various ancient cultures produced flatbreads with toppings.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flat bread known to the Romans as \"panis focacius\", to which toppings were then added.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza developed in Naples, when tomato was added to the focaccia in the late 18th century.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The word \"pizza\" was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Pizza was mainly eaten in the country of Italy and by emigrants from there.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ This changed after World War II, when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods.", "Deep-fried pizza __knowledge__ Deep-fried pizza is a dish consisting of a pizza that instead of being baked in an oven is deep-fried, resulting in a different flavor and nutritional profile.", "Deep-fried pizza __knowledge__ This technique is known in both Scotland and Italy, but there are numerous differences between the Scottish and Italian variants, which likely developed independently.", "Deep-fried pizza __knowledge__ The Italian dish of \"pizza fritta\" originates in Napoli, and is usually made by frying a disk of pizza dough before applying toppings and serving.", "Deep-fried pizza __knowledge__ Alternatively, the fillings may be enclosed in a pocket of dough like a calzone, which is then fried; this is known as a panzerotto.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan cuisine is a fusion of cuisines of several European countries, with a particular emphasis on Mediterranean food from Spain, Italy, Portugal and France.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Other possible influences on the cuisine may result from immigration from countries such as Germany and Britain.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The food is very similar to Argentine cuisine.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The base of the country's diet is meat and animal products, mostly coming from beef but also chicken, lamb, pig and sometimes fish.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ Uruguayan gastronomy came from immigration, and did not come from the Amerindians, because the new colonies did not trust the natives.", "Uruguayan cuisine __knowledge__ The preferred cooking methods for meats and vegetables are still boiling and roasting, but with modernization also came frying (see milanesas and chivitos)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Active Defense __knowledge__ Active defense can refer to a defensive strategy in the military or cybersecurity arena.", "Active Defense __knowledge__ The Department of Defense defines active defense as: \"The employment of limited offensive action and counterattacks to deny a contested area or position to the enemy.\"", "Active Defense __knowledge__ This definition does not specify whether it refers to physical actions, or cyber-related actions.", "Active Defense __knowledge__ In the cybersecurity arena, active defense may mean \"asymmetric defenses,\" namely defenses that increase costs to cyber-adversaries by reducing costs to cyber-defenders.", "Active Defense __knowledge__ For example, an active defense data protection strategy invented by CryptoMove leverages dynamic data movement, distribution, and re-encryption to make data harder to attack, steal, or destroy.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ This is a listing of regional variations on the hot dog.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Different areas of the world have local variations on the type of meat used, condiments, and means of preparation, which are enumerated below.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Hot dogs are very popular throughout the United States.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Many regional variations exist.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ Hot dogs made with caribou meat added are sold as \"reindeer dogs\" throughout Alaska.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ The Sonoran hot dog is popular in Tucson, Phoenix, and elsewhere in southern Arizona, as well as in the neighboring Mexican state of Sonora.", "Hot dog variations __knowledge__ It is a hot dog wrapped in mesquite-smoked bacon, cooked on a grill or on a griddle or comal, then topped with pinto beans, onions, tomatoes, mayonnaise, mustard and jalapeño salsa or sauce, and served on a bolillo roll, often with a side of fresh-roasted chili pepper.", "Nachos __knowledge__ Nachos are a Mexican dish from northern Mexico.", "Nachos __knowledge__ The dish consists of tortilla chips (or \"totopos\") covered with cheese or cheese-based sauce, and is often served as a snack.", "Nachos __knowledge__ More elaborate versions add more ingredients and can be served as a main dish.", "Nachos __knowledge__ Ignacio \"Nacho\" Anaya is credited with creating the dish in about 1943.", "Nachos __knowledge__ The original nachos consisted of fried corn tortillas covered with melted cheese and sliced jalapeño peppers.", "Nachos __knowledge__ Nachos originated in the city of Piedras Negras, Coahuila, Mexico, just over the border from Eagle Pass, Texas.", "Nachos __knowledge__ In 1943, the wives of U.S. soldiers stationed at Fort Duncan in nearby Eagle Pass were in Piedras Negras on a shopping trip, and arrived at the restaurant after it had already closed for the day.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi can be prepared with either brown or white rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ It is often prepared with raw seafood, but some varieties of sushi use cooked ingredients, and many others are vegetarian.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often served with pickled ginger, wasabi, and soy sauce.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Daikon radish is popular as a garnish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often confused with sashimi, a related Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced raw fish or occasionally meat, and an optional serving of rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi originates in a Southeast Asian dish, known today as \"narezushi\" ( – \"salted fish\"), stored in fermented rice for possibly months at a time.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The lacto-fermentation of the rice prevented the fish from spoiling; the rice would be discarded before consumption of the fish.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The history of pizza begins in antiquity, when various ancient cultures produced flatbreads with toppings.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flat bread known to the Romans as \"panis focacius\", to which toppings were then added.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza developed in Naples, when tomato was added to the focaccia in the late 18th century.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The word \"pizza\" was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Pizza was mainly eaten in the country of Italy and by emigrants from there.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ This changed after World War II, when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "Kitchen knife __knowledge__ A kitchen knife is any knife that is intended to be used in food preparation.", "Kitchen knife __knowledge__ While much of this work can be accomplished with a few general-purpose knives – notably a large chef's knife, a tough cleaver, and a small paring knife – there are also many specialized knives that are designed for specific tasks.", "Kitchen knife __knowledge__ Kitchen knives can be made from several different materials.", "Kitchen knife __knowledge__ Steel blades can be manufactured either by being forged or stamped.", "Kitchen knife __knowledge__ The edge of the knife can be sharpened to a cutting surface in a number of different ways.", "Kitchen knife __knowledge__ There are three main features: Kitchen knives generally either feature a curve near the tip, as in a chef's knife, or are straight for their entire length.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Pizza box __knowledge__ The pizza box or pizza package is a folding box made of cardboard in which hot pizzas are stored in for takeaway.", "Pizza box __knowledge__ The \"pizza box\" also makes home delivery and takeaway substantially easier.", "Pizza box __knowledge__ The pizza box has to be highly resistant, cheap, stackable, thermally insulated to regulate humidity and suitable for food transportation.", "Pizza box __knowledge__ In addition, it provides space for advertising.", "Pizza box __knowledge__ The pizza packages differ from those of frozen pizzas, which contain the frozen product in heat-sealed plastic foils as is the case with much frozen food.", "Pizza box __knowledge__ Containers to deliver freshly baked pizzas have existed at least since the 19th century, when Neapolitan pizza bakers put their products in multi-layered metallic containers known as \"stufe\" (singular \"stufa\", \"oven\") and then sent them to the street sellers." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "Pepperoni __knowledge__ Pepperoni (also known as pepperoni sausage) is an American variety of salami, made from cured pork and beef mixed together and seasoned with paprika or other chili pepper.", "Pepperoni __knowledge__ Pepperoni is characteristically soft, slightly smoky, and bright red in color.", "Pepperoni __knowledge__ Thinly sliced pepperoni is a popular pizza topping in American-style pizzerias and is used as filling in the West Virginia pepperoni roll.", "Pepperoni __knowledge__ The term \"pepperoni\" is a borrowing of \"peperoni\", the plural of \"peperone\", the Italian word for bell pepper.", "Pepperoni __knowledge__ The first use of \"pepperoni\" to refer to a sausage dates to 1919.", "Pepperoni __knowledge__ Even if in Italian the word is plural (like the Italian word \"salami\", plural of \"salame\"), the English word pepperoni is used as a singular uncountable noun.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "Pepperoni roll __knowledge__ The pepperoni roll is a snack popular in West Virginia and some nearby regions of the Appalachian Mountains such as Western Pennsylvania, Western Maryland, and Appalachian Ohio.", "Pepperoni roll __knowledge__ It is ubiquitous in West Virginia, particularly in convenience stores, and is arguably the food most closely associated with the state.", "Pepperoni roll __knowledge__ The classic pepperoni roll consists of a fairly soft white yeast bread roll with pepperoni baked in the middle.", "Pepperoni roll __knowledge__ During baking, the fats in the pepperoni (which are hard at room temperature) melt, resulting in a spicy oil suffusing into the bread.", "Pepperoni roll __knowledge__ Pepperoni rolls are typically eaten as a snack or as the main dish of a lunch either unheated or slightly warmed.", "Country Club Bakery __knowledge__ Country Club Bakery, located in Fairmont, West Virginia, USA, is a small family owned bakery that is significant because it is the home of the pepperoni roll.", "Country Club Bakery __knowledge__ The bakery is located on Country Club Road, but the original bakery (where the pepperoni roll was invented) was located on Robinson Street.", "Country Club Bakery __knowledge__ The pepperoni roll is a snack popular in West Virginia and some nearby regions of the Appalachian Mountains.", "Country Club Bakery __knowledge__ Ubiquitous in West Virginia (particularly in convenience stores), but typically little known elsewhere, it is arguably the food most closely associated with the state (a competitor for this distinction is the ramp).", "Mushroom __knowledge__ A mushroom, or toadstool, is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or on its food source.", "Mushroom __knowledge__ The standard for the name \"mushroom\" is the cultivated white button mushroom, \"Agaricus bisporus\"; hence the word \"mushroom\" is most often applied to those fungi (Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes) that have a stem (stipe), a cap (pileus), and gills (lamellae, sing.", "Mushroom __knowledge__ lamella) on the underside of the cap.", "Mushroom __knowledge__ \"Mushroom\" also describes a variety of other gilled fungi, with or without stems, therefore the term is used to describe the fleshy fruiting bodies of some Ascomycota.", "Psilocybin __knowledge__ Psilocybin ( ) is a naturally occurring psychedelic prodrug compound produced by more than 200 species of mushrooms, collectively known as psilocybin mushrooms.", "Psilocybin __knowledge__ Psilocybin evolved in mushrooms from its ancestor, muscarine, some 20 million years ago.", "Psilocybin __knowledge__ The most potent are members of the genus \"Psilocybe\", such as \"P. azurescens\", \"P. semilanceata\", and \"P. cyanescens\", but psilocybin has also been isolated from about a dozen other genera.", "Psilocybin __knowledge__ As a prodrug, psilocybin is quickly converted by the body to psilocin, which has mind-altering effects similar, in some aspects, to those of LSD, mescaline, and DMT.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ Chicago-style pizza refers to several different styles of pizza developed in Chicago.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ Arguably, the most famous of these is known as deep-dish pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ The pan in which it is baked gives the pizza its characteristically high edge which gives a lot of space for large amounts of cheese and a chunky tomato sauce.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ Chicago-style pizza may be prepared in deep-dish style and as a stuffed pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ According to Tim Samuelson, Chicago's official cultural historian, there is not enough documentation to determine with certainty who invented Chicago-style deep-dish pizza.", "Chicago-style pizza __knowledge__ It is often reported that Chicago-style deep-dish pizza was invented at Pizzeria Uno in Chicago, in 1943, by Uno's founder Ike Sewell, a former University of Texas football star.", "Sausage __knowledge__ A sausage is a cylindrical meat product usually made from ground meat, often pork, beef, or veal, along with salt, spices and other flavourings, and breadcrumbs, encased by a skin.", "Sausage __knowledge__ Typically, a sausage is formed in a casing traditionally made from intestine, but sometimes from synthetic materials.", "Sausage __knowledge__ Sausages that are sold raw are cooked in many ways, including pan-frying, broiling and barbecuing.", "Sausage __knowledge__ Some sausages are cooked during processing and the casing may then be removed.", "Sausage __knowledge__ Sausage making is a traditional food preservation technique.", "Sausage __knowledge__ Sausages may be preserved by curing, drying (often in association with fermentation or culturing, which can contribute to preservation), smoking, or freezing.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ Filipino cuisine (Filipino: \"Lutuing Filipino\" or \"Pagkaing Filipino\") is composed of the cuisines of 135 distinct ethno-linguistic tribes found within the Philippine archipelago, however, majority of mainstream Filipino dishes that compose Filipino cuisine are from the cuisines of the Bikol, Chabakano, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Meranaw, Pangasinan, Sebwano (or Bisaya), Tagalog, and Waray ethno-linguistic tribes.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ The style of cooking and the food associated with it have evolved over many centuries from their Austronesian origins (shared with Malaysian and Indonesian cuisines) to a mixed cuisine of Indian, Chinese, Spanish, and American influences, in line with the major waves of influence that had enriched the cultures of the archipelago, as well as others adapted to indigenous ingredients and the local palate.", "Healthy diet __knowledge__ A healthy diet is one that helps to maintain or improve overall health.", "Healthy diet __knowledge__ A healthy diet provides the body with essential nutrition: fluid, adequate amino acids from protein, essential fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, fibre and adequate calories.", "Healthy diet __knowledge__ The requirements for a healthy diet can be met from a variety of plant-based and animal-based foods, although a non-animal source of vitamin B12 is needed for those following a vegan diet.", "Healthy diet __knowledge__ A healthy diet supports energy needs and provides for human nutrition without exposure to toxicity or excessive weight gain from consuming more calories than the body requires." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is a traditional Italian dish consisting of a yeasted flatbread typically topped with tomato sauce and cheese and baked in an oven.", "Pizza __knowledge__ It can also be topped with additional vegetables, meats, and condiments, and can be made without cheese.", "Pizza __knowledge__ The term \"pizza\" was first recorded in the 10th century, in a Latin manuscript from the Southern Italy town of Gaeta in Lazio, on the border with Campania.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza was invented in Naples, and the dish and its variants have since become popular and common in many areas of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ In 2009, upon Italy's request, Neapolitan pizza was registered with the European Union as a Traditional Speciality Guaranteed dish.", "Pizza __knowledge__ \"Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana\" (True Neapolitan Pizza Association), a non-profit organization founded in 1984 with headquarters in Naples, aims to \"promote and protect... the true Neapolitan pizza\".", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is one of the most popular foods in the world and common fast food item in Europe and North America.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Many independent or chain restaurants, cafes, and fast food outlets offer pizza.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Restaurants or chains specializing in pizza are pizzerias.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza delivery is common in some parts of the world.", "Pizza __knowledge__ Pizza is sold fresh or frozen, either whole or in portions.", "Infant food safety __knowledge__ Foodborne illness (also foodborne disease and colloquially referred to as food poisoning) is any illness resulting from the food spoilage of contaminated food, pathogenic bacteria, viruses, or parasites that contaminate food.", "Infant food safety __knowledge__ Infant food safety is the identification of risky food handling practices and the prevention of illness in infants.", "Infant food safety __knowledge__ Fooddborne illness is a serious health issue, especially for babies and children.", "Infant food safety __knowledge__ Each year in the U.S., 800,000 illnesses affect children under the age of 10.", "Infant food safety __knowledge__ Infants and young children are particularly vulnerable to foodborne illness because their immune systems are not developed enough to fight off foodborne bacterial infections.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ This is a list of \"VeggieTales\" original videos.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ Where's God When I'm S-Scared?", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ was initially released on December 21, 1993 on VHS and was distributed by Word Entertainment on March 1, 1994.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ It features two stories about what to do when you are afraid.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ In the first segment, \"Tales from the Crisper\", Junior Asparagus is watching a scary movie before being told by his mother that he needs to go to bed.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ However, the movie has made him afraid and after imagining that his family in a portrait were frankenstein monsters, Bob and Larry drop in to help.", "List of VeggieTales videos __knowledge__ After some discussion, the pair comfort Junior in song about how he does not need to be afraid because God is watching out for him and He is bigger than anything.", "John Mellencamp __knowledge__ John J Mellencamp (born October 7, 1951), previously known as Johnny Cougar, John Cougar, and John Cougar Mellencamp, is an American musician, singer-songwriter, painter, and actor.", "John Mellencamp __knowledge__ He is known for his catchy, populist brand of heartland rock, which emphasizes traditional instrumentation.", "John Mellencamp __knowledge__ Mellencamp rose to fame in the 1980s while \"honing an almost startlingly plainspoken writing style that, starting in 1982, yielded a string of Top 10 singles\", including \"Hurts So Good\", \"Jack & Diane\", \"Crumblin' Down\", \"Pink Houses\", \"Lonely Ol' Night\", \"Small Town\", \"R.O.C.K.", "John Mellencamp __knowledge__ in the U.S.A.\", \"Paper in Fire\", and \"Cherry Bomb\".", "Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters __knowledge__ Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters is a 2013 dark fantasy action horror comedy film written and directed by Tommy Wirkola.", "Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters __knowledge__ It is a continuation to the German folklore fairy tale \"Hansel and Gretel\", in which the titular siblings are now grown up and working as a duo of witch exterminators for hire.", "Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters __knowledge__ The film stars Jeremy Renner, Gemma Arterton, Famke Janssen, Peter Stormare, Thomas Mann, Pihla Viitala and Derek Mears.", "Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters __knowledge__ Originally scheduled for release in March 2012, \"Hansel & Gretel\" was delayed for ten months to accommodate Renner's appearances in \"The Avengers\" and \"The Bourne Legacy\" and to give Wirkola time to shoot a post-credits scene.", "Bill Maher __knowledge__ William Maher (; born January 20, 1956) is an American comedian, political commentator, and television host.", "Bill Maher __knowledge__ He is known for the HBO political talk show \"Real Time with Bill Maher\" (2003–present) and the similar late-night show called \"Politically Incorrect\", originally on Comedy Central and later on ABC.", "Bill Maher __knowledge__ Maher is known for his sarcastic attitude, political satire, and sociopolitical commentary.", "Bill Maher __knowledge__ He targets many topics including religion, politics, bureaucracy, political correctness, and the mass media.", "Bill Maher __knowledge__ Maher supports the legalization of cannabis and same-sex marriage.", "Bill Maher __knowledge__ His critical views of religion were the basis for the 2008 documentary film \"Religulous\".", "Nicole Schmitz __knowledge__ Nicole Cassandra Maturan Schmitz is a Filipino-German beauty titleholder who represented the Philippines in the Miss International 2012 pageant on Okinawa, Japan in 21 October 2012 where she placed on the Top 15 Semi-Finalist.", "Nicole Schmitz __knowledge__ It was the same day that Blessed Pedro Calungsod, the second Filipino to be already canonized for sainthood.", "Nicole Schmitz __knowledge__ She is also the third representative of the Philippines who has German blood after Miss International 2010 - Top 15 Semi-Finalist, Krista Kleiner and Miss International 2009 - Top 15 Semi-Finalist and Melody Gersbach who died in 21 August 2010 in a car accident.", "Nicole Schmitz __knowledge__ She is under Rodgil Flores who handled and trained Miss International 2005, Precious Lara Quigaman; Miss International 2008 - Top 12 Semi-Finalist Patricia Fernandez; Miss International 2011 - Top 15 Semi-Finalist Dianne Necio; Miss World 2005 - Top 15 Semi-Finalist Carlene Aguilar; Miss World 2004 - Top 5 Finalist Karla Bautista; Miss Earth Air 2009 Sandra Seifert and Miss Earth 2008 Karla Henry.", "List of General Hospital characters (2000s) __knowledge__ \"General Hospital\" is the longest running American television serial drama, airing on ABC.", "List of General Hospital characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Created by Frank and Doris Hursley, who originally set it in a general hospital (hence the title), in an unnamed fictional city.", "List of General Hospital characters (2000s) __knowledge__ In the 1970s, the city was named Port Charles, New York.", "List of General Hospital characters (2000s) __knowledge__ The series premiered on April 1, 1963.", "List of General Hospital characters (2000s) __knowledge__ This is a list of notable characters who significantly impacted storylines and began their run, or significantly returned, from the years 2000 to 2009.", "List of General Hospital characters (2000s) __knowledge__ Sage Alcazar is a fictional character on the ABC soap opera, General Hospital.", "List of General Hospital characters (2000s) __knowledge__ She was portrayed by Eileen Boylan in 2003, and then by Katie Stuart in 2004.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ Elizabeth David, CBE (born Elizabeth Gwynne, 26 December 1913 – 22 May 1992) was a British cookery writer.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ In the mid-20th century she strongly influenced the revitalisation of home cookery in her native country and beyond with articles and books about European cuisines and traditional British dishes.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ Born to an upper-class family, David rebelled against social norms of the day.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ In the 1930s she studied art in Paris, became an actress, and ran off with a married man with whom she sailed in a small boat to Italy, where their boat was confiscated.", "Elizabeth David __knowledge__ They reached Greece, where they were nearly trapped by the German invasion in 1941, but escaped to Egypt, where they parted.", "Elizabeth David bibliography __knowledge__ Elizabeth David, the British cookery writer, published eight books in the 34 years between 1950 and 1984; the last was issued eight years before her death.", "Elizabeth David bibliography __knowledge__ After David's death, her literary executor, Jill Norman, supervised the publication of eight more books, drawing on David's unpublished manuscripts and research and on her published writings for books and magazines.", "Elizabeth David bibliography __knowledge__ David's first five books, particularly the earlier works, contained recipes interspersed with literary quotation and descriptions of people and places that inspired her.", "Elizabeth David bibliography __knowledge__ By the time of her third book, \"Italian Food\", David had begun to add sections about the history of the cuisine and the particular dishes that she wrote about.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is food typical from Italy.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It has developed through centuries of social and economic changes, with roots stretching to antiquity.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Significant changes occurred with the discovery of the New World and the introduction of potatoes, tomatoes, bell peppers, maize and sugar beet, this last introduced in quantity in the 18th century.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ Italian cuisine is known for its regional diversity, especially between the north and the south of the Italian peninsula.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It offers an abundance of taste, and is one of the most popular and copied in the world.", "Italian cuisine __knowledge__ It influenced several cuisines around the world chiefly that of the United States.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ During the latter half of the 20th century, pizza became a globally accessible dish, mainly due to Italian immigrants that had brought their dishes to new people with resounding success, often in racially and culturally resistive environments.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ A survey from 2004 showed that Norwegians eat the most frozen pizza (5.4 kg/person*year), followed by Germans.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza became a popular fast food in Bangladeshi urban areas.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Since the introduction of various pizza brands such as Domino's and Pizza Hut in the early to mid-2000s, it has reached almost all classes of urban peoples.", "List of pizza varieties by country __knowledge__ Pizza is an emerging fast food in Indian urban areas.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The history of pizza begins in antiquity, when various ancient cultures produced flatbreads with toppings.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flat bread known to the Romans as \"panis focacius\", to which toppings were then added.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Modern pizza developed in Naples, when tomato was added to the focaccia in the late 18th century.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ The word \"pizza\" was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ Pizza was mainly eaten in the country of Italy and by emigrants from there.", "History of pizza __knowledge__ This changed after World War II, when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut is an American restaurant chain and international franchise founded in 1958 by Dan and Frank Carney.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ The company is known for its Italian-American cuisine menu including pizza and pasta, as well as side dishes and desserts.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut has over 16,000 locations worldwide as of 2015.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ It is a subsidiary of Yum!", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Brands, Inc., one of the world's largest restaurant companies.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Pizza Hut was founded in June 1958 by two Wichita State University students, brothers Dan and Frank Carney, as a single location in Wichita, Kansas.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ PepsiCo acquired Pizza Hut in November 1977.", "Pizza Hut __knowledge__ Before closing in 2015, the oldest continuously operating Pizza Hut was in Manhattan, Kansas, in a shopping and tavern district known as Aggieville near Kansas State University." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 2, 1, 2 ]

[ "Its is, pizza is an italian dish", "pizza goes great with any toppings like meats or vegetables.", "I like meat and vegetables like pepperoni and stuff", "Pizza is just such good italian food.", "Yep any vegetable or meat works as a topping" ]

[ "Pizza", "Pizza", "Pizza", "Pizza", "Pizza" ]

[ "Vietnamese cuisine", "Yes I like Vietnamese food and would love to know more about the spices in it and how its prepared.", "I particularly like the way they get the full flavor of meat in the dishes without using the larger portions used in the US.", "I have noticed obesity is not an issue with people who primarily eat the vietnamese dishes and they also seem to be heart healthy in general." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Vietnamese cuisine __knowledge__ Vietnamese cuisine encompasses the foods and beverages of Vietnam, and features a combination of five fundamental tastes (Vietnamese: \"ngũ vị\") in the overall meal.", "Vietnamese cuisine __knowledge__ Each Vietnamese dish has a distinctive flavor which reflects one or more of these elements.", "Vietnamese cuisine __knowledge__ Common ingredients include fish sauce, shrimp paste, soy sauce, rice, fresh herbs, fruit and vegetables.", "Vietnamese cuisine __knowledge__ Vietnamese recipes use lemongrass, ginger, mint, Vietnamese mint, long coriander, Saigon cinnamon, bird's eye chili, lime, and Thai basil leaves.", "Vietnamese cuisine __knowledge__ Traditional Vietnamese cooking is greatly admired for its fresh ingredients, minimal use of dairy and oil, complementary textures, and reliance on herbs and vegetables.", "Vietnamese cuisine __knowledge__ With the balance between fresh herbs and meats and a selective use of spices to reach a fine taste, Vietnamese food is considered one of the healthiest cuisines worldwide.", "Vietnamese cuisine __knowledge__ As the people respect balance rules, Vietnamese cuisine always has the combination between fragrant, taste, and colour.", "Vietnamese cuisine __knowledge__ Vietnamese cuisine always has five elements which are known for its balance in each of these features.", "Vietnamese cuisine __knowledge__ Many Vietnamese dishes include five fundamental taste senses (\"ngũ vị\"): spicy (metal), sour (wood), bitter (fire), salty (water) and sweet (earth), corresponding to five organs (\"ngũ tạng\"): gall bladder, small intestine, large intestine, stomach, and urinary bladder." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Vietnamese cuisine __knowledge__ Vietnamese cuisine encompasses the foods and beverages of Vietnam, and features a combination of five fundamental tastes (Vietnamese: \"ngũ vị\") in the overall meal.", "Vietnamese cuisine __knowledge__ Each Vietnamese dish has a distinctive flavor which reflects one or more of these elements.", "Vietnamese cuisine __knowledge__ Common ingredients include fish sauce, shrimp paste, soy sauce, rice, fresh herbs, fruit and vegetables.", "Vietnamese cuisine __knowledge__ Vietnamese recipes use lemongrass, ginger, mint, Vietnamese mint, long coriander, Saigon cinnamon, bird's eye chili, lime, and Thai basil leaves.", "Vietnamese cuisine __knowledge__ Traditional Vietnamese cooking is greatly admired for its fresh ingredients, minimal use of dairy and oil, complementary textures, and reliance on herbs and vegetables.", "Vietnamese cuisine __knowledge__ With the balance between fresh herbs and meats and a selective use of spices to reach a fine taste, Vietnamese food is considered one of the healthiest cuisines worldwide.", "Vietnamese cuisine __knowledge__ As the people respect balance rules, Vietnamese cuisine always has the combination between fragrant, taste, and colour.", "Vietnamese cuisine __knowledge__ Vietnamese cuisine always has five elements which are known for its balance in each of these features.", "Vietnamese cuisine __knowledge__ Many Vietnamese dishes include five fundamental taste senses (\"ngũ vị\"): spicy (metal), sour (wood), bitter (fire), salty (water) and sweet (earth), corresponding to five organs (\"ngũ tạng\"): gall bladder, small intestine, large intestine, stomach, and urinary bladder.", "Vietnam War __knowledge__ The Vietnam War (), also known as the Second Indochina War, and also known in Vietnam as the Resistance War Against America () or simply the American War, was a conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975.", "Vietnam War __knowledge__ It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam and the government of South Vietnam.", "Vietnam War __knowledge__ The North Vietnamese army was supported by the Soviet Union, China and other communist allies and the South Vietnamese army was supported by the United States, South Korea, Australia, Thailand and other anti-communist allies.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine comprises a wide variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Given the range of diversity in soil type, climate, culture, ethnic groups, and occupations, these cuisines vary substantially from each other and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables, and fruits.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian food is also heavily influenced by religion, in particular Hindu, and cultural choices and traditions.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Also, Middle Eastern and Central Asian influences have occurred on North Indian cuisine from the years of Mughal rule.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine is still evolving, as a result of the nation's cultural interactions with other societies.", "Curry __knowledge__ Curry (, plural curries) is an umbrella term referring to a number of dishes originating in the cuisine of the Indian subcontinent.", "Curry __knowledge__ The common feature is the use of complex combinations of spices or herbs, usually including fresh or dried hot chillies.", "Curry __knowledge__ The use of the term is generally limited to dishes prepared in a sauce.", "Curry __knowledge__ Curry dishes prepared in the southern states of India may be spiced with leaves from the curry tree.", "Curry __knowledge__ There are many varieties of dishes called 'curries'.", "Curry __knowledge__ For example, in original traditional cuisines, the precise selection of spices for each dish is a matter of national or regional cultural tradition, religious practice, and, to some extent, family preference.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Medieval cuisine includes foods, eating habits, and cooking methods of various European cultures during the Middle Ages, which lasted from the fifth to the fifteenth century.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ During this period, diets and cooking changed less than they did in the early modern period that followed, when those changes helped lay the foundations for modern European cuisine.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Cereals remained the most important staple during the early Middle Ages as rice was introduced late, and the potato was only introduced in 1536, with a much later date for widespread consumption.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Barley, oat and rye were eaten by the poor.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Wheat was for the governing classes.", "Tea culture __knowledge__ Tea culture is defined by the way tea is made and consumed, by the way the people interact with tea, and by the aesthetics surrounding tea drinking.", "Tea culture __knowledge__ It includes aspects of tea production, tea brewing, tea arts and ceremony, society, history, health, ethics, education, and communication and media issues.", "Tea culture __knowledge__ Tea plays an important role in some countries.", "Tea culture __knowledge__ It is commonly consumed at social events, and many cultures have created intricate formal ceremonies for these events.", "Tea culture __knowledge__ Afternoon tea is a British custom with widespread appeal.", "Tea culture __knowledge__ Tea ceremonies, with their roots in the Chinese tea culture, differ among Asian countries, such as the Japanese or Korean versions.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Hong Kong cuisine __knowledge__ Hong Kong cuisine is mainly influenced by Cantonese cuisine, British Cuisine, other Western Cuisines, non-Cantonese Chinese cuisine (especially Teochew, and Hakka, Hokkien), Japan, and Southeast Asia, due to Hong Kong's past as a British colony and long history of being an international port of commerce.", "Hong Kong cuisine __knowledge__ From the roadside stalls to the most upscale restaurants, Hong Kong provides an unlimited variety of food in every class.", "Hong Kong cuisine __knowledge__ Complex combinations and international gourmet expertise have given Hong Kong the reputable labels of \"\"Gourmet Paradise\"\" and \"\"World's Fair of Food\"\".", "Hong Kong cuisine __knowledge__ Modern Hong Kong has a predominantly service-based economy, and restaurant businesses serve as a main economic contributor.", "Hong Kong __knowledge__ Hong Kong (, ), officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, is an autonomous territory on the eastern side of the Pearl River estuary in East Asia, south of the mainland Chinese province of Guangdong, and east of the special administrative region of Macau.", "Hong Kong __knowledge__ With over 7.3 million Hongkongers of various nationalities in a territory of 1,104 km, Hong Kong is the fourth-most densely populated region in the world.", "Hong Kong __knowledge__ Hong Kong was formerly a colony of the British Empire, after the perpetual cession of Hong Kong Island from Qing China at the conclusion of the First Opium War in 1842.", "Vietnamese businesses in Hong Kong __knowledge__ Vietnamese businesses in Hong Kong are mainly run by Vietnamese, Chinese-Vietnamese and Overseas-Vietnamese coming to Hong Kong in different periods of time.", "Vietnamese businesses in Hong Kong __knowledge__ From 1977 to 1985, hundreds of thousands of Vietnamese people left Vietnam by wooden boats to other countries including Hong Kong to seek refuge in an escape of the persecution or forced reeducation camp in Vietnam.", "Vietnamese businesses in Hong Kong __knowledge__ Among the people leaving Vietnam, around half of them, being white-collar worker, represented a wide range of backgrounds which included urban and rural residents, and Chinese-Vietnamese .", "Vietnamese businesses in Hong Kong __knowledge__ Starting from 1985 onwards, Chinese-Vietnamese, Amerasian and other rural and less-educated Vietnamese were released from reeducation camps.", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ This article is about placeholder names in various languages.", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ In Afrikaans, \"dinges\" ('thing'), \"goeters\" ('things'), \"watsenaam\" ('what's its name') are common placeholders.", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ A common placeholder name for a semi-mythological place - much the same as Timbuktu - is \"Pofadder\" (a real town).", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ A general term for a far away, remote/rural environment is \"Boendoe\".", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ \"Van die jaar toet\" (from the year \"tut\") is often used to indicate an unspecified, long time ago.", "List of placeholder names by language __knowledge__ Arabic uses \"Fulan\", \"Fulana[h]\" (فلان / فلانة) and when a last name is needed it becomes \"Fulan AlFulani\", \"Fulana[h] AlFulaniyya[h]\" (فلان الفلاني / فلانة الفلانية).", "Chinatown, Manhattan __knowledge__ Manhattan's Chinatown (; juytping: Maanhaadeon waabou) is a neighborhood in Lower Manhattan, New York City, bordering the Lower East Side to its east, Little Italy to its north, Civic Center to its south, and Tribeca to its west.", "Chinatown, Manhattan __knowledge__ Chinatown is home to the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere.", "Chinatown, Manhattan __knowledge__ With an estimated population of 90,000 to 100,000 people, Manhattan's Chinatown is also one of the oldest Chinese ethnic enclaves.", "Chinatown, Manhattan __knowledge__ The Manhattan Chinatown is one of nine Chinatown neighborhoods in New York City, as well as one of twelve in the New York metropolitan area, which contains the largest ethnic Chinese population outside of Asia, comprising an estimated 819,527 uniracial individuals as of 2014.", "CUHK democracy wall standoff __knowledge__ In September 2017, tensions arose between different parties over the content of posters put up on Democracy wall in the Chinese University of Hong Kong.", "CUHK democracy wall standoff __knowledge__ This has led to increased tensions in Hong Kong society, due the interpretations of freedom of speech of certain content of the posters.", "CUHK democracy wall standoff __knowledge__ This has also led to copycats incidents occurring in other universities in Hong Kong as well reigniting Hong Kong Independence debate within Hong Kong Kong society.", "CUHK democracy wall standoff __knowledge__ The standoff, which has manifested in a series of protests and counterprotests on campuses, is reflective of the wider disconnect between mainlanders and Hongkongers, fanned by a host of reasons from politics and language barriers to state-fuelled propaganda and competition for scarce resources." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Vietnamese cuisine __knowledge__ Vietnamese cuisine encompasses the foods and beverages of Vietnam, and features a combination of five fundamental tastes (Vietnamese: \"ngũ vị\") in the overall meal.", "Vietnamese cuisine __knowledge__ Each Vietnamese dish has a distinctive flavor which reflects one or more of these elements.", "Vietnamese cuisine __knowledge__ Common ingredients include fish sauce, shrimp paste, soy sauce, rice, fresh herbs, fruit and vegetables.", "Vietnamese cuisine __knowledge__ Vietnamese recipes use lemongrass, ginger, mint, Vietnamese mint, long coriander, Saigon cinnamon, bird's eye chili, lime, and Thai basil leaves.", "Vietnamese cuisine __knowledge__ Traditional Vietnamese cooking is greatly admired for its fresh ingredients, minimal use of dairy and oil, complementary textures, and reliance on herbs and vegetables.", "Vietnamese cuisine __knowledge__ With the balance between fresh herbs and meats and a selective use of spices to reach a fine taste, Vietnamese food is considered one of the healthiest cuisines worldwide.", "Vietnamese cuisine __knowledge__ As the people respect balance rules, Vietnamese cuisine always has the combination between fragrant, taste, and colour.", "Vietnamese cuisine __knowledge__ Vietnamese cuisine always has five elements which are known for its balance in each of these features.", "Vietnamese cuisine __knowledge__ Many Vietnamese dishes include five fundamental taste senses (\"ngũ vị\"): spicy (metal), sour (wood), bitter (fire), salty (water) and sweet (earth), corresponding to five organs (\"ngũ tạng\"): gall bladder, small intestine, large intestine, stomach, and urinary bladder.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ Filipino cuisine (Filipino: \"Lutuing Filipino\" or \"Pagkaing Filipino\") is composed of the cuisines of 135 distinct ethno-linguistic tribes found within the Philippine archipelago, however, majority of mainstream Filipino dishes that compose Filipino cuisine are from the cuisines of the Bikol, Chabakano, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Meranaw, Pangasinan, Sebwano (or Bisaya), Tagalog, and Waray ethno-linguistic tribes.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ The style of cooking and the food associated with it have evolved over many centuries from their Austronesian origins (shared with Malaysian and Indonesian cuisines) to a mixed cuisine of Indian, Chinese, Spanish, and American influences, in line with the major waves of influence that had enriched the cultures of the archipelago, as well as others adapted to indigenous ingredients and the local palate.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ Mexican cuisine began 9,000 years ago, 7,000 BCE, when agricultural communities such as the Maya formed, domesticating maize, creating the standard process of corn nixtamalization, and establishing their foodways.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ Successive waves of other Mesoamerican groups, including the Olmec, Teotihuacanos, Toltec, Huastec, Zapotec, Mixtec, Otomi, and Purépecha, brought with them their own cooking methods.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ The Mexica establishment of the Aztec Empire created a multi-ethnic society where many different foodways became infused.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ The staples are native foods, such as corn, beans, squash, amaranth, chia, avocados, tomatoes, tomatillos, chocolate, vanilla, agave, turkey, sweet potato, cactus, and chili pepper.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Medieval cuisine includes foods, eating habits, and cooking methods of various European cultures during the Middle Ages, which lasted from the fifth to the fifteenth century.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ During this period, diets and cooking changed less than they did in the early modern period that followed, when those changes helped lay the foundations for modern European cuisine.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Cereals remained the most important staple during the early Middle Ages as rice was introduced late, and the potato was only introduced in 1536, with a much later date for widespread consumption.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Barley, oat and rye were eaten by the poor.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Wheat was for the governing classes.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai cuisine (, , ) is the national cuisine of Thailand.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Balance, detail, and variety are of paramount significance to Thai chefs.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai cooking places emphasis on lightly prepared dishes with strong aromatic components and a spicy edge.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Thai chef McDang characterises Thai food as demonstrating \"intricacy; attention to detail; texture; color; taste; and the use of ingredients with medicinal benefits, as well as good flavor\", as well as care being given to the food's appearance, smell and context.", "Thai cuisine __knowledge__ Australian chef David Thompson, an expert on Thai food, observes that unlike many other cuisines, Thai cooking rejects simplicity and is about \"the juggling of disparate elements to create a harmonious finish\".", "Ancient Israelite cuisine __knowledge__ Ancient Israelite cuisine refers to the food eaten by the ancient Israelites during a period of over a thousand years, from the beginning of the Israelite presence in the Land of Israel at the beginning of the Iron Age until the Roman period.", "Ancient Israelite cuisine __knowledge__ The dietary staples were bread, wine and olive oil, but also included legumes, fruits and vegetables, dairy products, fish and meat.", "Ancient Israelite cuisine __knowledge__ Religious beliefs, which prohibited the consumption of certain foods, shaped the Israelite diet.", "Ancient Israelite cuisine __knowledge__ There was considerable continuity in the main components of the diet over time, despite the introduction of new foodstuffs at various stages.", "Dairy farming __knowledge__ Dairy farming is a class of agriculture for long-term production of milk, which is processed (either on the farm or at a dairy plant, either of which may be called a dairy) for eventual sale of a dairy product.", "Dairy farming __knowledge__ Although any mammal can produce milk, commercial dairy farms are typically one-species enterprises.", "Dairy farming __knowledge__ In developed countries, dairy farms typically consist of high producing dairy cows.", "Dairy farming __knowledge__ Other species used in commercial dairy farming include goats, sheep, and camels.", "Dairy farming __knowledge__ In Italy, donkey dairies are growing in popularity to produce an alternative milk source for human infants.", "Dairy farming __knowledge__ While cattle were domesticated as early as 11,000 years ago as a food source and as beasts of burden, the earliest evidence of using domesticated cows for dairy production is the seventh millennium BC - the early Neolithic era - in northwestern Anatolia .", "Jewish cuisine __knowledge__ Jewish cuisine is a diverse collection of cooking traditions of the Jewish people worldwide.", "Jewish cuisine __knowledge__ It has evolved over many centuries, shaped by Jewish dietary laws (kashrut), Jewish Festival, and \"Shabbat\" (Sabbath) traditions.", "Jewish cuisine __knowledge__ Jewish cuisine is influenced by the economics, agriculture, and culinary traditions of the many countries where Jewish communities have settled and varies widely throughout the whole world.", "Jewish cuisine __knowledge__ The distinctive styles in Jewish cuisine are Ashkenazi, Sephardi, Mizrahi, Persian, Yemenite, Indian, and Latin-American.", "Jewish cuisine __knowledge__ There are also dishes from Jewish communities from Ethiopia to Central Asia.", "Milk __knowledge__ Milk is a white liquid produced by the mammary glands of mammals.", "Milk __knowledge__ It is the primary source of nutrition for infant mammals (including humans who breastfeed) before they are able to digest other types of food.", "Milk __knowledge__ Early-lactation milk contains colostrum, which carries the mother's antibodies to its young and can reduce the risk of many diseases.", "Milk __knowledge__ It contains many other nutrients including protein and lactose.", "Milk __knowledge__ As an agricultural product, milk is extracted from non-human mammals during or soon after pregnancy.", "Milk __knowledge__ Dairy farms produced about 730 million tonnes of milk in 2011, from 260 million dairy cows.", "Milk __knowledge__ India is the world's largest producer of milk, and is the leading exporter of skimmed milk powder, yet it exports few other milk products.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine comprises a wide variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Given the range of diversity in soil type, climate, culture, ethnic groups, and occupations, these cuisines vary substantially from each other and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables, and fruits.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian food is also heavily influenced by religion, in particular Hindu, and cultural choices and traditions.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Also, Middle Eastern and Central Asian influences have occurred on North Indian cuisine from the years of Mughal rule.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine is still evolving, as a result of the nation's cultural interactions with other societies." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Vietnamese cuisine __knowledge__ Vietnamese cuisine encompasses the foods and beverages of Vietnam, and features a combination of five fundamental tastes (Vietnamese: \"ngũ vị\") in the overall meal.", "Vietnamese cuisine __knowledge__ Each Vietnamese dish has a distinctive flavor which reflects one or more of these elements.", "Vietnamese cuisine __knowledge__ Common ingredients include fish sauce, shrimp paste, soy sauce, rice, fresh herbs, fruit and vegetables.", "Vietnamese cuisine __knowledge__ Vietnamese recipes use lemongrass, ginger, mint, Vietnamese mint, long coriander, Saigon cinnamon, bird's eye chili, lime, and Thai basil leaves.", "Vietnamese cuisine __knowledge__ Traditional Vietnamese cooking is greatly admired for its fresh ingredients, minimal use of dairy and oil, complementary textures, and reliance on herbs and vegetables.", "Vietnamese cuisine __knowledge__ With the balance between fresh herbs and meats and a selective use of spices to reach a fine taste, Vietnamese food is considered one of the healthiest cuisines worldwide.", "Vietnamese cuisine __knowledge__ As the people respect balance rules, Vietnamese cuisine always has the combination between fragrant, taste, and colour.", "Vietnamese cuisine __knowledge__ Vietnamese cuisine always has five elements which are known for its balance in each of these features.", "Vietnamese cuisine __knowledge__ Many Vietnamese dishes include five fundamental taste senses (\"ngũ vị\"): spicy (metal), sour (wood), bitter (fire), salty (water) and sweet (earth), corresponding to five organs (\"ngũ tạng\"): gall bladder, small intestine, large intestine, stomach, and urinary bladder.", "Obesity __knowledge__ Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have a negative effect on health.", "Obesity __knowledge__ People are generally considered obese when their body mass index (BMI), a measurement obtained by dividing a person's weight by the square of the person's height, is over , with the range defined as overweight.", "Obesity __knowledge__ Some East Asian countries use lower values.", "Obesity __knowledge__ Obesity increases the likelihood of various diseases and conditions, particularly cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, certain types of cancer, osteoarthritis and depression.", "Obesity __knowledge__ Obesity is most commonly caused by a combination of excessive food intake, lack of physical activity, and genetic susceptibility.", "Obesity in the United States __knowledge__ Obesity in the United States has been increasingly cited as a major health issue in recent decades, resulting in diseases such as coronary heart disease that lead to mortality.", "Obesity in the United States __knowledge__ While many industrialized countries have experienced similar increases, obesity rates in the United States are the highest in the world.", "Obesity in the United States __knowledge__ Obesity has continued to grow within the United States.", "Obesity in the United States __knowledge__ Two of every three American men are considered to be overweight or obese, but the rates for women are far higher.", "Obesity in the United States __knowledge__ The United States contains one of the highest percentage of obese people in the world.", "Obesity in the United States __knowledge__ An obese person in America incurs an average of $1,429 more in medical expenses annually.", "Obesity and the environment __knowledge__ Obesity and the environment aims to look at the different environmental factors that have been determined by researchers to cause and perpetuate obesity.", "Obesity and the environment __knowledge__ Studies have shown that obesity has become increasingly prevalent in both people and animals such as pets and laboratory animals.", "Obesity and the environment __knowledge__ There have been no linkages found between this obesity trend and diet and exercise.", "Obesity and the environment __knowledge__ According to Professor Robert H. Lustig from the University of California, San Francisco, \"[E]ven those at the lower end of the body mass index (BMI) curve are gaining weight.", "Obesity and the environment __knowledge__ Whatever is happening is happening to everyone, suggesting an environmental trigger.\"", "Obesity in the Middle East and North Africa __knowledge__ Obesity in North Africa and the Middle East is a notable health issue.", "Obesity in the Middle East and North Africa __knowledge__ In 2005, the World Health Organization measured that 1.6 billion people were overweight and 400 million were obese.", "Obesity in the Middle East and North Africa __knowledge__ It estimates that by the year 2015, 2.3 billion people will be overweight and 700 million will be obese.", "Obesity in the Middle East and North Africa __knowledge__ The Middle East, including the Arabian Peninsula, Eastern Mediterranean, Turkey and Iran, and North Africa, are no exception to the worldwide increase in obesity.", "Obesity in the Middle East and North Africa __knowledge__ Subsequently, some call this trend the New World Syndrome.", "Obesity in the Middle East and North Africa __knowledge__ The lifestyle changes associated with the discovery of oil and the subsequent increase in wealth is one contributing factor.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ Advertising to children is the act of marketing or [advertising] products or services to children as defined by national legislation and advertising standards.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ It is often the subject of debate, relating to the alleged influence on children’s consumption.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ Laws concerning such advertisements have largely evolved in recent years.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ In most countries, advertising for children is framed by a mix of legislation and advertising self-regulation.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ In the nineteenth century, the compulsory education of children was established.", "Advertising to children __knowledge__ Consequently, children began to be targeted by an increasing number of publications.Commercial appeals to children, however, did not become commonplace until the advent and widespread adoption of television and grew exponentially with the advent of cable television.", "Childhood obesity __knowledge__ Childhood obesity is a condition where excess body fat negatively affects a child's health or well-being.", "Childhood obesity __knowledge__ As methods to determine body fat directly are difficult, the diagnosis of obesity is often based on BMI.", "Childhood obesity __knowledge__ Due to the rising prevalence of obesity in children and its many adverse health effects it is being recognized as a serious public health concern.", "Childhood obesity __knowledge__ The term overweight rather than obese is often used in children as it is less stigmatizing.", "Childhood obesity __knowledge__ Body mass index (BMI) is acceptable for determining obesity for children two years of age and older.", "Childhood obesity __knowledge__ It is determined by the ratio of weight to height.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine comprises a wide variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Given the range of diversity in soil type, climate, culture, ethnic groups, and occupations, these cuisines vary substantially from each other and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables, and fruits.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian food is also heavily influenced by religion, in particular Hindu, and cultural choices and traditions.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Also, Middle Eastern and Central Asian influences have occurred on North Indian cuisine from the years of Mughal rule.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine is still evolving, as a result of the nation's cultural interactions with other societies.", "Chinese cuisine __knowledge__ Chinese cuisine is an important part of Chinese culture, which includes cuisine originating from the diverse regions of China, as well as from Chinese people in other parts of the world.", "Chinese cuisine __knowledge__ Because of the Chinese diaspora and historical power of the country, Chinese cuisine has influenced many other cuisines in Asia, with modifications made to cater to local palates.", "Chinese cuisine __knowledge__ The preference for seasoning and cooking techniques of Chinese provinces depend on differences in historical background and ethnic groups.", "Chinese cuisine __knowledge__ Geographic features including mountains, rivers, forests and deserts also have a strong effect on the local available ingredients, considering climate of China varies from tropical in the south to subarctic in the northeast.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japanese cuisine encompasses the regional and traditional foods of Japan, which have developed through centuries of social and economic changes.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ The is based on rice with miso soup and other dishes; there is an emphasis on seasonal ingredients.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Side dishes often consist of fish, pickled vegetables, and vegetables cooked in broth.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood is common, often grilled, but also served raw as sashimi or in sushi.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood and vegetables are also deep-fried in a light batter, as tempura.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Apart from rice, staples include noodles, such as soba and udon.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japan also has many simmered dishes such as fish products in broth called oden, or beef in sukiyaki and nikujaga.", "Healthiest State in the Nation Campaign __knowledge__ The Healthiest State in the Nation Campaign, is a statewide effort started in Washington state in the United States in 2004 by the Washington Health Foundation (WHF), a non-partisan, non-profit organization based in Seattle, with the mission of improving health for the people of the state.", "Healthiest State in the Nation Campaign __knowledge__ Launched on September 18, 2004, the campaign encourages improvement in six action areas by educating and engaging leaders, policymakers, businesses and the public through its interactive website at HealthiestState.org and many events throughout the year.", "Healthiest State in the Nation Campaign __knowledge__ By emphasizing the promotion of personal responsibility and building of collective actions that make healthy choices easy, the campaign seeks to achieve the ultimate goal of moving Washington's health rank to number one.", "Fancy Crane __knowledge__ Fancy Crane is a fictional character on the NBC/DirecTV soap opera \"Passions\" and is portrayed by actress Emily Harper from the May 13, 2005 episode through the series finale.", "Fancy Crane __knowledge__ Following her debut, Fancy quickly becomes one of the soap's lead heroines — Harper appears in 209 out of the 254 episodes that aired in 2006, a feat surpassed only by Lindsay Hartley (Theresa).", "Fancy Crane __knowledge__ Introduced in the May 13, 2005 episode alongside fellow Harmonyite Noah Bennett in Las Vegas, Fancy is quickly characterized as a vain, spoiled celebutante comparable to Paris Hilton and is soon revealed to be one of the frequently mentioned but heretofore unseen daughters of Julian and Ivy Crane; she is also established to be the favorite granddaughter of billionaire villain Alistair Crane and is later revealed to be the sole heiress to his empire." ] ]

[ 0, 5, 6, 0 ]

[ "I love Vietnamese food, but don't know a whole lot about it. I used to eat it a long time ago in Hong Kong. Do you like it?", "I know it's usually very fresh and they don't use much in the way of oil and dairy.", "I know what you mean - it's supposed to be one of the healthiest cuisines in the world. I quite fancy some food like that right now!", "Yes, in the US we should pay attention to other cultures when thinking of healthy eating. Do you have a vietnamese restaurant near you?" ]

[ "Vietnamese cuisine", "Vietnamese cuisine", "Vietnamese cuisine", "Vietnamese cuisine" ]

[ "Tom and Jerry\nI love watching Tom and Jerry. What about you?", "Hahahaha, who is the writer of Tom and Jerry", "OK what more?", "What is the title of their song?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ Tom and Jerry is an American animated series of short films created in 1940, by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera.", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ It centers on a rivalry between its two title characters, Tom and Jerry, and many recurring characters, based around slapstick comedy.", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ In its original run, Hanna and Barbera produced 115 \"Tom and Jerry\" shorts for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer from 1940 to 1958.", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ During this time, they won seven Academy Awards for Animated Short Film, tying for first place with Walt Disney's \"Silly Symphonies\" with the most awards in the category.", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ After the MGM cartoon studio closed in 1957, MGM revived the series with Gene Deitch directing an additional 13 \"Tom and Jerry\" shorts for Rembrandt Films from 1961 to 1962.", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ \"Tom and Jerry\" then became the highest-grossing animated short film series of that time, overtaking \"Looney Tunes\".", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ Chuck Jones then produced another 34 shorts with Sib Tower 12 Productions between 1963 and 1967.", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ Three more shorts were produced, \"\" in 2001, \"The Karate Guard\" in 2005, and \"A Fundraising Adventure\" in 2014, making a total of 164 shorts.", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ Various shorts have been released for home media since the 1990s.", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ A number of spin-offs have been made, including the television series \"The Tom and Jerry Show\" (1975), \"The Tom and Jerry Comedy Show\" (1980–82), \"Tom and Jerry Kids\" (1990–93), \"Tom and Jerry Tales\" (2006–08), and \"The Tom and Jerry Show\" (2014–present).", "List of Tom and Jerry characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters in the \"Tom and Jerry\" cartoon short series.", "List of Tom and Jerry characters __knowledge__ Most of these characters did not appear in all of the movies.", "List of Tom and Jerry characters __knowledge__ Tom (named \"Jasper\" in his debut appearance) is a grey and white domestic shorthair cat.", "List of Tom and Jerry characters __knowledge__ \"Tom\" is a generic name for a male cat.", "List of Tom and Jerry characters __knowledge__ He is usually but not always, portrayed as living a comfortable, or even pampered life, while Jerry (named \"Jinx\" in his debut appearance) is a small, brown, house mouse who always lives in close proximity to Tom.", "List of Tom and Jerry characters __knowledge__ Despite being very energetic, determined and much larger, Tom is no match for Jerry's wits.", "List of Tom and Jerry characters __knowledge__ Jerry also possesses surprising strength for his size, approximately the equivalent of Tom's, lifting items such as anvils with relative ease and withstanding considerable impacts.", "That's My Mommy __knowledge__ That's My Mommy is a 1955 one reel animated \"Tom and Jerry\" short directed and produced by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera with music by Scott Bradley.", "That's My Mommy __knowledge__ \"That's My Mommy\" was the first \"Tom and Jerry\" cartoon in which the production was undertaken by Hanna and Barbera due to Fred Quimby's retirement.", "That's My Mommy __knowledge__ \"That's My Mommy\" was produced in CinemaScope, a form of Widescreen, and released to theatres on November 19, 1955 by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.", "That's My Mommy __knowledge__ The cartoon was animated by Kenneth Muse, Ed Barge, Irven Spence and Lewis Marshall, with backgrounds by Robert Gentle and layouts by Richard Bickenbach.", "That's My Mommy __knowledge__ This short is one of the select few in which Tom emerges victorious over Jerry.", "List of Parks and Recreation characters __knowledge__ The primary characters of the American television comedy series \"Parks and Recreation\" are the employees of the parks department of Pawnee, a fictional Indiana town.", "List of Parks and Recreation characters __knowledge__ The protagonist is Leslie Knope (Amy Poehler), the deputy parks director as well as serving on city council, and the rest of the ensemble cast consists of her friends and co-workers, including nurse Ann Perkins (Rashida Jones), parks director Ron Swanson (Nick Offerman), and parks department employees Tom Haverford (Aziz Ansari), April Ludgate (Aubrey Plaza), Andy Dwyer (Chris Pratt), Jerry Gergich (Jim O'Heir), and Donna Meagle (Retta).", "Brad Ausmus __knowledge__ Bradley David Ausmus (; born April 14, 1969) is an American special assistant to the general manager of the Los Angeles Angels, and former catcher in Major League Baseball (MLB).", "Brad Ausmus __knowledge__ He played for the San Diego Padres, Detroit Tigers, Houston Astros, and Los Angeles Dodgers.", "Brad Ausmus __knowledge__ He also was the manager for the Tigers and the Israel national baseball team.", "Brad Ausmus __knowledge__ A 1987 draft pick of the New York Yankees, he chose to alternate between attending Dartmouth College and playing minor league baseball.", "Brad Ausmus __knowledge__ He then had an 18-year major league playing career with the San Diego Padres, Detroit Tigers, Houston Astros, and Los Angeles Dodgers.", "List of Waterloo Road characters (series 1) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters who first appeared in the first series of school drama \"Waterloo Road\", in order of first appearance.", "List of Waterloo Road characters (series 1) __knowledge__ The series ran for eight episodes from March 9 to April 27, 2006.", "List of Waterloo Road characters (series 1) __knowledge__ The first episode introduces the main cast, which consists of members of staff at the school.", "List of Waterloo Road characters (series 1) __knowledge__ Headed up by newly promoted Headmaster Jack Rimmer, Deputy Head Andrew Treneman and Head of Pastoral Care Kim Campbell, the main cast also includes English teachers Izzie Redpath, Tom Clarkson and Lorna Dickey and French teacher Steph Haydock.", "List of Waterloo Road characters (series 1) __knowledge__ Head of English Grantly Budgen and school secretary Estelle Cooper feature as supporting characters, along with Izzie's children Chlo and Mika and Chlo's boyfriend Donte Charles.", "The Karate Guard __knowledge__ The Karate Guard is a 2005 Tom and Jerry cartoon short directed by Joseph Barbera and Spike Brandt.", "The Karate Guard __knowledge__ It was the last Tom and Jerry cartoon to be written, co-storyboarded, co-directed and co-produced by the characters' co-creator Joseph Barbera (who would pass away in late 2006).", "The Karate Guard __knowledge__ It premiered in a limited theatrical run in Los Angeles cinemas on September 27, 2005, then saw its television debut on Cartoon Network on .", "The Karate Guard __knowledge__ The short starts at the outside of the house and then goes to Tom, who was taking a nap but was woken up by Jerry.", "The Karate Guard __knowledge__ Tom peeks through the mouse hole to see what the noise was and sees Jerry smacking a punching bag that mimics Tom." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ Tom and Jerry is an American animated series of short films created in 1940, by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera.", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ It centers on a rivalry between its two title characters, Tom and Jerry, and many recurring characters, based around slapstick comedy.", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ In its original run, Hanna and Barbera produced 115 \"Tom and Jerry\" shorts for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer from 1940 to 1958.", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ During this time, they won seven Academy Awards for Animated Short Film, tying for first place with Walt Disney's \"Silly Symphonies\" with the most awards in the category.", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ After the MGM cartoon studio closed in 1957, MGM revived the series with Gene Deitch directing an additional 13 \"Tom and Jerry\" shorts for Rembrandt Films from 1961 to 1962.", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ \"Tom and Jerry\" then became the highest-grossing animated short film series of that time, overtaking \"Looney Tunes\".", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ Chuck Jones then produced another 34 shorts with Sib Tower 12 Productions between 1963 and 1967.", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ Three more shorts were produced, \"\" in 2001, \"The Karate Guard\" in 2005, and \"A Fundraising Adventure\" in 2014, making a total of 164 shorts.", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ Various shorts have been released for home media since the 1990s.", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ A number of spin-offs have been made, including the television series \"The Tom and Jerry Show\" (1975), \"The Tom and Jerry Comedy Show\" (1980–82), \"Tom and Jerry Kids\" (1990–93), \"Tom and Jerry Tales\" (2006–08), and \"The Tom and Jerry Show\" (2014–present).", "List of Tom and Jerry characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters in the \"Tom and Jerry\" cartoon short series.", "List of Tom and Jerry characters __knowledge__ Most of these characters did not appear in all of the movies.", "List of Tom and Jerry characters __knowledge__ Tom (named \"Jasper\" in his debut appearance) is a grey and white domestic shorthair cat.", "List of Tom and Jerry characters __knowledge__ \"Tom\" is a generic name for a male cat.", "List of Tom and Jerry characters __knowledge__ He is usually but not always, portrayed as living a comfortable, or even pampered life, while Jerry (named \"Jinx\" in his debut appearance) is a small, brown, house mouse who always lives in close proximity to Tom.", "List of Tom and Jerry characters __knowledge__ Despite being very energetic, determined and much larger, Tom is no match for Jerry's wits.", "List of Tom and Jerry characters __knowledge__ Jerry also possesses surprising strength for his size, approximately the equivalent of Tom's, lifting items such as anvils with relative ease and withstanding considerable impacts.", "List of Parks and Recreation characters __knowledge__ The primary characters of the American television comedy series \"Parks and Recreation\" are the employees of the parks department of Pawnee, a fictional Indiana town.", "List of Parks and Recreation characters __knowledge__ The protagonist is Leslie Knope (Amy Poehler), the deputy parks director as well as serving on city council, and the rest of the ensemble cast consists of her friends and co-workers, including nurse Ann Perkins (Rashida Jones), parks director Ron Swanson (Nick Offerman), and parks department employees Tom Haverford (Aziz Ansari), April Ludgate (Aubrey Plaza), Andy Dwyer (Chris Pratt), Jerry Gergich (Jim O'Heir), and Donna Meagle (Retta).", "Guided Mouse-ille __knowledge__ A Guided Mouse-ille (or Science on a Wet Afternoon) is a 1967 Tom and Jerry cartoon, produced by Chuck Jones and directed by Abe Levitow.", "Guided Mouse-ille __knowledge__ It was the second of three space-age Tom and Jerry shorts to be released in the Chuck Jones era (along with O-Solar Meow and Advance and Be Mechanized), though taking a look at the MPAA code at the beginning of the cartoon would suggest that \"Guided Mouse-ille (or Science on a Wet Afternoon)\" was the \"first\" of the three cartoons to be produced.", "Guided Mouse-ille __knowledge__ According to episode number, It is the last Tom and Jerry cartoon to feature music by Eugene Poddany (both regarding ones produced by Chuck Jones/Sib Tower 12, and also regarding Tom and Jerry cartoons altogether).", "Sufferin' Cats! __knowledge__ Sufferin' Cats!, a 1943 American one-reel animated cartoon, is the 9th \"Tom and Jerry\" animated short released.", "Sufferin' Cats! __knowledge__ It was produced in Technicolor and released to theatres on January 16, 1943 by Metro-Goldwyn Mayer and re-released on June 4, 1949.", "Sufferin' Cats! __knowledge__ This is the final cartoon to have Clarence Nash to voice Tom Cat, but he will voice the vicious cats from Mouse in Manhattan.", "Sufferin' Cats! __knowledge__ After this episode, Tom or any other MGM cat character would just yelp in pain whenever they get hurt.", "Sufferin' Cats! __knowledge__ Tom's yelps were done by creator William Hanna.", "Sufferin' Cats! __knowledge__ The cartoon opens with Jerry running with a fishing line tied to his tail, which proceeds to retreat; Jerry is pulled under the radiator, through a mousehole, and towards Tom at the end of the line.", "The Yankee Doodle Mouse __knowledge__ The Yankee Doodle Mouse is a 1943 American one-reel animated cartoon.", "The Yankee Doodle Mouse __knowledge__ It is the eleventh \"Tom and Jerry\" short produced by Fred Quimby, and directed by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera, with musical supervision by Scott Bradley and animation by Irven Spence, Pete Burness, Kenneth Muse and George Gordon.", "The Yankee Doodle Mouse __knowledge__ Jack Zander was credited on the original print, but his credit was omitted in the 1951 reissue.", "The Yankee Doodle Mouse __knowledge__ It was produced in Technicolor and released to theaters on June 26, 1943 by Metro-Goldwyn Mayer.", "The Yankee Doodle Mouse __knowledge__ The short features Tom the cat and Jerry the mouse chasing each other in a pseudo-warfare style, and makes numerous references to World War II technology such as jeeps and dive bombers.", "Tom and Jerry: The Magic Ring __knowledge__ Tom and Jerry: The Magic Ring is a 2002 animated direct-to-video fantasy-comedy film starring the cat-and-mouse team \"Tom and Jerry\".", "Tom and Jerry: The Magic Ring __knowledge__ This was the first made-for-video attempt to recapture the style of William Hanna and Joseph Barbera's original film shorts.", "Tom and Jerry: The Magic Ring __knowledge__ Also, this was the final animated collaboration of both Hanna and Barbera and the last \"Tom and Jerry\" film helmed by the two men, as Hanna died on March 22, 2001.", "Tom and Jerry: The Magic Ring __knowledge__ This was also the first new \"Tom and Jerry\" production produced by Warner Bros.", "Tom and Jerry: The Magic Ring __knowledge__ Animation (in association with Turner Entertainment).", "Tom and Jerry: The Magic Ring __knowledge__ The movie was released on VHS and DVD by Warner Home Video in 2002.", "List of M.I. High characters __knowledge__ This is a list of all significant characters from the TV series \"M.I.", "List of M.I. High characters __knowledge__ High\", a BBC children's spy-fi adventure series shown primarily on the CBBC channel.", "List of M.I. High characters __knowledge__ Aneisha (Neesh) Jones (Saint Heart's Student / M.I.9 Spy, Series 6–7), played by Oyiza Momoh.", "List of M.I. High characters __knowledge__ She is the master of disguise in the group, and was originally spotted by M.I.9 for changing identities, though this was only noticed by them, and no-one else.", "List of M.I. High characters __knowledge__ According to Stella she was spotted with the President of the United States and the Foreign Secretary, and intelligence suggested that she had a front-row seat at the 2013 Royal Wedding.", "List of M.I. High characters __knowledge__ Her excuse was that she needed big names for her petition of human rights.", "List of Rebelde characters __knowledge__ This article contains a list of characters from the telenovela \"Rebelde\".", "List of Rebelde characters __knowledge__ \"Rebelde\" features several different plotlines, many of which are put on hold for several episodes before they are resumed.", "List of Rebelde characters __knowledge__ Many of the minor characters often play central roles for a single episode before returning to the background.", "List of Rebelde characters __knowledge__ Mía Colucci Caceres is Franco Colucci's only daughter with his first wife, Marina Caceres.", "List of Rebelde characters __knowledge__ The most popular girl at Elite Way School, she comes from a wealthy and privileged family who lives in Mexico City.", "List of Rebelde characters __knowledge__ Spoiled and self-centered, she however can be very loyal, attentive and tender towards those she loves.", "Hanna-Barbera __knowledge__ Hanna-Barbera Productions, Inc. (simply known as Hanna-Barbera and also referred to as H-B Enterprises, H-B Production Company and Hanna-Barbera Cartoons, Inc.) is an American animation studio that serves as a division of Warner Bros.", "Hanna-Barbera __knowledge__ Animation.", "Hanna-Barbera __knowledge__ It was founded in 1957 by former Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer animation directors and \"Tom and Jerry\" creators William Hanna and Joseph Barbera.", "Hanna-Barbera __knowledge__ For more than three decades in the mid-20th century, it was a prominent force in American television animation.", "Hanna-Barbera __knowledge__ The studio is known for creating a wide variety of popular animated characters and throughout the next 30 years, it produced a succession of cartoon shows, including \"The Flintstones\", \"Yogi Bear\", \"The Jetsons\", \"Wacky Races\", \"Scooby-Doo\" and \"The Smurfs\".", "Golden age of American animation __knowledge__ The golden age of American animation was a period in the history of U.S. animation that began with the advent of sound cartoons in 1928 and continued until around 1969 when theatrical animated shorts began losing to the new medium of television animation.", "Golden age of American animation __knowledge__ Many popular characters emerged from this period, including Mickey Mouse, Bugs Bunny, Donald Duck, Daffy Duck, Goofy, Popeye, Tom and Jerry, Porky Pig, Betty Boop, Woody Woodpecker, Droopy, and the first animated adaptation of Superman, among others.", "Golden age of American animation __knowledge__ Feature length animation also began during this period, most notably with Walt Disney's first films: \"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs\", \"Pinocchio\", \"Fantasia\", \"Dumbo\" and \"Bambi\".", "Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio __knowledge__ The Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio was the in-house division of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) motion picture studio in Hollywood, responsible for producing animated short subjects to accompany MGM feature films in Loew's Theaters.", "Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio __knowledge__ Active from 1937 until 1957, the cartoon studio produced some of the most popular cartoon series and characters in the world, including the famous cartoons \"Barney Bear\", \"Droopy\", \"Red Hot Riding Hood & The Wolf\", \"Screwy Squirrel\", \"George and Junior\", \"Spike\" and \"Spike and Tyke\", but particularly its most important creation, \"Tom and Jerry\".", "Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio __knowledge__ Prior to forming its own cartoon studio, MGM released the work of independent animation producer Ub Iwerks, and later the \"Happy Harmonies\" series from Hugh Harman and Rudolf Ising." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ Tom and Jerry is an American animated series of short films created in 1940, by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera.", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ It centers on a rivalry between its two title characters, Tom and Jerry, and many recurring characters, based around slapstick comedy.", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ In its original run, Hanna and Barbera produced 115 \"Tom and Jerry\" shorts for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer from 1940 to 1958.", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ During this time, they won seven Academy Awards for Animated Short Film, tying for first place with Walt Disney's \"Silly Symphonies\" with the most awards in the category.", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ After the MGM cartoon studio closed in 1957, MGM revived the series with Gene Deitch directing an additional 13 \"Tom and Jerry\" shorts for Rembrandt Films from 1961 to 1962.", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ \"Tom and Jerry\" then became the highest-grossing animated short film series of that time, overtaking \"Looney Tunes\".", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ Chuck Jones then produced another 34 shorts with Sib Tower 12 Productions between 1963 and 1967.", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ Three more shorts were produced, \"\" in 2001, \"The Karate Guard\" in 2005, and \"A Fundraising Adventure\" in 2014, making a total of 164 shorts.", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ Various shorts have been released for home media since the 1990s.", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ A number of spin-offs have been made, including the television series \"The Tom and Jerry Show\" (1975), \"The Tom and Jerry Comedy Show\" (1980–82), \"Tom and Jerry Kids\" (1990–93), \"Tom and Jerry Tales\" (2006–08), and \"The Tom and Jerry Show\" (2014–present).", "OK __knowledge__ \"OK\" (; spelling variations include \"okay\", \"O.K.", "OK __knowledge__ \", \"ok\") is an English word denoting approval, acceptance, agreement, assent, or acknowledgment.", "OK __knowledge__ \"OK\" is frequently used as a loanword in other languages.", "OK __knowledge__ It has been described as the most frequently spoken or written word on the planet.", "OK __knowledge__ As an adjective, \"OK\" principally means \"adequate\" or \"acceptable\" as a contrast to \"bad\" (\"The boss approved this, so it is OK to send out\"); it can also mean \"mediocre\" when used in contrast with \"good\" (\"The french fries were great, but the burger was just OK\").", "OK __knowledge__ It fulfills a similar role as an adverb (\"Wow, you did OK for your first time skiing!\").", "OK Computer __knowledge__ OK Computer is the third studio album by English alternative rock band Radiohead, released on 16 June 1997 on EMI subsidiaries Parlophone and Capitol Records.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ The members of Radiohead self-produced the album with Nigel Godrich, an arrangement they have used for their subsequent albums.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ Other than the song \"Lucky\", which was recorded in 1995, Radiohead recorded the album in Oxfordshire and Bath between 1996 and early 1997, mostly in the historic mansion St Catherine's Court.", "OK Computer __knowledge__ The band made a deliberate attempt to distance themselves from the guitar-oriented, lyrically introspective style of their previous album, \"The Bends\".", "OK Go __knowledge__ OK Go is an American rock band originally from Chicago, Illinois, now based in Los Angeles, California.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band is composed of Damian Kulash (lead vocals, guitar), Tim Nordwind (bass guitar and vocals), Dan Konopka (drums and percussion) and Andy Ross (guitar, keyboards and vocals), who joined them in 2005, replacing Andy Duncan.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band is known for its often quirky and elaborate one-take music videos.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The original members formed as OK Go in 1998 and released two studio albums before Duncan's departure.", "OK Go __knowledge__ The band's video for \"Here It Goes Again\" won a Grammy Award for Best Music Video in 2007.", "I'm OK – You're OK __knowledge__ I'm OK – You're OK is a 1969 self-help book by Thomas Anthony Harris.", "I'm OK – You're OK __knowledge__ It is a practical guide to transactional analysis as a method for solving problems in life.", "I'm OK – You're OK __knowledge__ The book made the \"New York Times\" Best Seller list in 1972 and remained there for almost two years.", "I'm OK – You're OK __knowledge__ It is estimated by the publisher to have sold over 15 million copies to date and to have been translated into over a dozen languages.http://www.drthomasharris.com/im-ok-youre-ok-book-thomas-harris/ In the preface, Harris praises the then-new procedure of transactional analysis (TA, or as Harris often refers to it, P-A-C) as a major innovation addressing the slow process and limited results that he and other psychiatric practitioners believed was characteristic of conventional psychiatry.", "One Ok Rock __knowledge__ One Ok Rock, stylized as ONE OK ROCK (pronounced in Japanese as \"one o'clock\"), is a Japanese rock band formed in Tokyo, Japan in 2005.", "One Ok Rock __knowledge__ The band currently consists of Takahiro Moriuchi (vocals), Toru Yamashita (guitar/leader), Ryota Kohama (bass), and Tomoya Kanki (drums).", "One Ok Rock __knowledge__ They have been playing many different styles of rock music, with songs ranging from alternative rock to emo to post-hardcore to pop rock.", "One Ok Rock __knowledge__ The band's name, ONE OK ROCK, comes from \"one o'clock\", the time that the band used to practice on weekends.", "One Ok Rock __knowledge__ They chose to play at one o'clock in the morning because it was cheaper to use the rehearsal space during such hours.", "OK Motor Services __knowledge__ OK Motor Services was a bus company operating in County Durham from 1912 until the 1990s when purchased by the Go-Ahead Group.", "OK Motor Services __knowledge__ Following rationalisation and rebranding, the OK livery disappeared from the roads as services were integrated with Go North East.", "OK Motor Services __knowledge__ OK Motor Services was founded in Evenwood, County Durham, by Wade Emmerson on 6 April 1912.", "OK Motor Services __knowledge__ The first route was from Evenwood to Bishop Auckland.", "OK Motor Services __knowledge__ The original name was the Gaunless Valley Motor Services with the name OK coming from a consortium of operators who started to run from the area to the Great North Exhibition in Newcastle in the late-1920s.", "OK Soda __knowledge__ OK Soda was a soft drink created by The Coca-Cola Company in 1993 that aggressively courted the Generation X demographic with unusual advertising tactics, including endorsements and even outright negative publicity.", "OK Soda __knowledge__ It did not sell well in select test markets and was officially declared out of production in 1995 before reaching nationwide distribution.", "OK Soda __knowledge__ The drink's slogan was \"Everything is going to be OK.\" In 1993, Coca-Cola CEO Roberto Goizueta rehired Sergio Zyman to be the chief of marketing for all Coca-Cola beverage brands, a surprising choice given that Zyman had worked closely with the New Coke campaign, possibly the largest advertising failure in Coke's history.", "Hanna-Barbera __knowledge__ Hanna-Barbera Productions, Inc. (simply known as Hanna-Barbera and also referred to as H-B Enterprises, H-B Production Company and Hanna-Barbera Cartoons, Inc.) is an American animation studio that serves as a division of Warner Bros.", "Hanna-Barbera __knowledge__ Animation.", "Hanna-Barbera __knowledge__ It was founded in 1957 by former Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer animation directors and \"Tom and Jerry\" creators William Hanna and Joseph Barbera.", "Hanna-Barbera __knowledge__ For more than three decades in the mid-20th century, it was a prominent force in American television animation.", "Hanna-Barbera __knowledge__ The studio is known for creating a wide variety of popular animated characters and throughout the next 30 years, it produced a succession of cartoon shows, including \"The Flintstones\", \"Yogi Bear\", \"The Jetsons\", \"Wacky Races\", \"Scooby-Doo\" and \"The Smurfs\".", "Joseph Barbera __knowledge__ Joseph Roland Barbera ( or ; ; March 24, 1911 – December 18, 2006) was an American animator, director, producer, storyboard artist, and cartoon artist, whose film and television cartoon characters entertained millions of fans worldwide for much of the 20th century.", "Joseph Barbera __knowledge__ He was born to Italian immigrants in New York City, where he lived, attended college, and began his career through his young adult years.", "Joseph Barbera __knowledge__ After working odd jobs and as a banker, Barbera joined Van Beuren Studios in 1932 and subsequently Terrytoons in 1936.", "Joseph Barbera __knowledge__ In 1937, he moved to California and while working at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), Barbera met William Hanna.", "William Hanna __knowledge__ William Denby Hanna (July 14, 1910 – March 22, 2001) was an American animator, director, producer, voice actor and cartoon artist, whose film and television cartoon characters entertained millions of people for much of the 20th century.", "William Hanna __knowledge__ After working odd jobs in the first months of the Great Depression, Hanna joined the Harman and Ising animation studio in 1930.", "William Hanna __knowledge__ During the 1930s, Hanna steadily gained skill and prominence while working on cartoons such as \"Captain and the Kids\".", "William Hanna __knowledge__ In 1937, while working at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), Hanna met Joseph Barbera.", "William Hanna __knowledge__ The two men began a collaboration that was at first best known for producing \"Tom and Jerry\".", "Hanna-Barbera in amusement parks __knowledge__ Through its history, Hanna-Barbera has operated theme park attractions, mostly as a section in Kings Island, Carowinds, California's Great America, Kings Dominion, Canada's Wonderland, and recently, Six Flags Great America.", "Hanna-Barbera in amusement parks __knowledge__ Outside North America, the theme parks were also available in several countries, notably in the United Kingdom, China, India, Gabon, and even Australia, which was part of Australia's Wonderland, which was now defunct.", "Hanna-Barbera in amusement parks __knowledge__ Hanna-Barbera Land was also opened in Houston, Texas.", "Hanna-Barbera in amusement parks __knowledge__ The sections contained in the KECO Entertainment-owned parks was retained when their parent park, except the one in Australia, was bought by Paramount Communications (formerly Gulf+Western, and later acquired by Viacom), then the parent of Paramount Pictures, which changed the name of the parks by adding \"Paramount's\" in front of their names.", "Cartoon Network __knowledge__ Cartoon Network is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by The Cartoon Network, Inc., a subsidiary of Turner Broadcasting System, itself being a subsidiary of Time Warner.", "Cartoon Network __knowledge__ It was founded by Betty Cohen and launched on October 1, 1992.", "Cartoon Network __knowledge__ The channel primarily broadcasts children's shows, mostly animated programming, ranging from action to animated comedy.", "Cartoon Network __knowledge__ It is primarily aimed at children and young teenagers between the ages of 7 to 15, and targets older teens and adults with mature content during its late night daypart Adult Swim, which is treated as a separate entity for promotional purposes and as a separate channel by Nielsen for ratings purposes.", "Scooby-Doo __knowledge__ Scooby-Doo is an American animated cartoon franchise, comprising many animated television series produced from 1969 to the present day.", "Scooby-Doo __knowledge__ Writers Joe Ruby and Ken Spears created the original series, \"Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!", "Scooby-Doo __knowledge__ \", for Hanna-Barbera Productions in 1969.", "Scooby-Doo __knowledge__ This Saturday-morning cartoon series featured four teenagers—Fred Jones, Daphne Blake, Velma Dinkley, and Norville \"Shaggy\" Rogers—and their talking brown Great Dane named Scooby-Doo, who solve mysteries involving supposedly supernatural creatures through a series of antics and missteps.", "Scooby-Doo __knowledge__ Following the success of the original series, Hanna-Barbera and its successor Warner Bros." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ Tom and Jerry is an American animated series of short films created in 1940, by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera.", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ It centers on a rivalry between its two title characters, Tom and Jerry, and many recurring characters, based around slapstick comedy.", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ In its original run, Hanna and Barbera produced 115 \"Tom and Jerry\" shorts for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer from 1940 to 1958.", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ During this time, they won seven Academy Awards for Animated Short Film, tying for first place with Walt Disney's \"Silly Symphonies\" with the most awards in the category.", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ After the MGM cartoon studio closed in 1957, MGM revived the series with Gene Deitch directing an additional 13 \"Tom and Jerry\" shorts for Rembrandt Films from 1961 to 1962.", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ \"Tom and Jerry\" then became the highest-grossing animated short film series of that time, overtaking \"Looney Tunes\".", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ Chuck Jones then produced another 34 shorts with Sib Tower 12 Productions between 1963 and 1967.", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ Three more shorts were produced, \"\" in 2001, \"The Karate Guard\" in 2005, and \"A Fundraising Adventure\" in 2014, making a total of 164 shorts.", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ Various shorts have been released for home media since the 1990s.", "Tom and Jerry __knowledge__ A number of spin-offs have been made, including the television series \"The Tom and Jerry Show\" (1975), \"The Tom and Jerry Comedy Show\" (1980–82), \"Tom and Jerry Kids\" (1990–93), \"Tom and Jerry Tales\" (2006–08), and \"The Tom and Jerry Show\" (2014–present).", "Music of Dance Dance Revolution Extreme __knowledge__ The music of \"Dance Dance Revolution Extreme\" is a greatest hits of sorts across the \"Dance Dance Revolution\" series as well as the entire \"Bemani\" franchise.", "Music of Dance Dance Revolution Extreme __knowledge__ The soundtrack is composed largely of Konami Originals, in-house music written and performed by Konami staff.", "Music of Dance Dance Revolution Extreme __knowledge__ It also contains many licensed tracks from Toshiba EMI's \"Dancemania\" catalog giving DDR Extreme one of the largest soundtracks of any DDR game to date.", "Music of Dance Dance Revolution Extreme __knowledge__ The arcade release of \"Dance Dance Revolution Extreme\" contains 70 new songs of 240 total, most of them revivals from previous \"Dance Dance Revolution\" games.", "Music of Dance Dance Revolution Extreme __knowledge__ Songs that are not initially available for play are represented with a padlock icon and are only accessible through the use of codes entered into the game's operator menu.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ Gag Concert () is a Korean sketch-comedy TV show on KBS 2TV network.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ It began airing in September 1999 and is the oldest of South Korea current comedy programs.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ The show is recorded on Wednesdays and airs on KBS 2TV on Sundays at 9:15 PM.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ The show airs with English subtitles after two weeks on KBS World TV on Saturdays at 6:00 PM.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ \"※ As of 7 January 2018\" \"(Korean: 아무말 대잔치, Starring: Jang Kiyeong, Park Yeongjin, Hong Hwon, Shin Jongryeong, Song Junseok)\" The contest that allows you to say anything.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ Contestants usually say the opposite of what one would expect them to say based on the context.", "Gag Concert __knowledge__ \"(Korean: 명훈아 명훈아 명훈아, Starring: Jeong Myeonghun, Kim Minkyeong, Oh Nami, Lee Hyeonjeong)\" Three glamorous ladies try to entice Jeong Myeonghun with their charms.", "History of the Song dynasty __knowledge__ The Song dynasty (Chinese: 宋朝; pinyin: Sòng cháo; 960–1279) of China was a ruling dynasty that controlled China proper and southern China from the middle of the 10th century into the last quarter of the 13th century.", "History of the Song dynasty __knowledge__ The dynasty was established by Emperor Taizu of Song with his usurpation of the throne of Later Zhou, ending the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.", "History of the Song dynasty __knowledge__ The Song is considered a high point of classical Chinese innovation in science and technology, an era that featured prominent intellectual figures such as Shen Kuo and Su Song and the revolutionary use of gunpowder weapons.", "History of the Song dynasty __knowledge__ However, it was also a period of political and military turmoil, with opposing and often aggressive political factions formed at court that impeded political, social, and economic progress.", "Chinese nobility __knowledge__ Chinese sovereignty and peerage, the nobility of China, was an important feature of the traditional social and political organization of Imperial China.", "Chinese nobility __knowledge__ While the concepts of hereditary sovereign and peerage titles and noble families were featured as early as the semi-mythical, early historical period, a settled system of nobility was established from the Zhou dynasty.", "Chinese nobility __knowledge__ In the subsequent millennia, this system was largely maintained in form, with some changes and additions, although the content constantly evolved.", "Chinese nobility __knowledge__ The last, well-developed system of noble titles was established under the Qing dynasty.", "Title (Meghan Trainor album) __knowledge__ Title is the debut studio album by American singer and songwriter Meghan Trainor.", "Title (Meghan Trainor album) __knowledge__ Released on January 9, 2015, by Epic Records, the album replaced Trainor's 2014 EP of the same name on the iTunes Store.", "Title (Meghan Trainor album) __knowledge__ It was mainly written and composed by Trainor and Kevin Kadish, and produced by Kadish.", "Title (Meghan Trainor album) __knowledge__ Other collaborators on the album include Chris Gelbuda and Jesse Frasure, John Legend and Shy Carter.", "Title (Meghan Trainor album) __knowledge__ Musically, \"Title\" was inspired by Trainor's love for throwback style records, and the 1950s and 1960s eras in music.", "Title (Meghan Trainor album) __knowledge__ She incorporated different combinations of genres, including Caribbean, doo-wop, hip hop, soca and pop.", "Song Qiqiu __knowledge__ Song Qiqiu (887–959), courtesy name Zisong, formally Duke Chouliao of Chu (楚醜繆公), was the chief strategist of Emperor Liezu of Southern Tang (Xu Zhigao/Li Bian), the founding emperor of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Southern Tang.", "Song Qiqiu __knowledge__ His strategies were viewed as instrumental in allowing Xu Zhigao to consolidate his power during the latter part of the regency of Xu Wen, Xu Zhigao's adoptive father and regent of Wu, eventually allowing Xu Zhigao to take over the Wu state and take the throne as the emperor of Southern Tang.", "Song Qiqiu __knowledge__ After the establishment of Southern Tang, Song had a fall out with Emperor Liezu and largely lost his power, but became powerful again during the reign of Emperor Liezu's son Emperor Yuanzong, until he eventually lost the trust of the emperor and committed suicide in 959.", "Arijit Singh __knowledge__ Arijit Singh is an Indian musician, singer, composer, music producer, recordist and a music programmer.", "Arijit Singh __knowledge__ He predominantly sings in Hindi and Bengali, but has also lent his voice to various other Indian languages.", "Arijit Singh __knowledge__ Singh is regarded as one of the most versatile and successful singers in the History of Indian Music and Hindi Cinema.", "Arijit Singh __knowledge__ At the start of his singing career, he received nominations for the Upcoming Male Vocalist of the Year award at the 2013 Mirchi Music Awards for renditions of \"Phir Le Aya Dil\" and \"Duaa\", winning the award for the latter.", "Arijit Singh __knowledge__ Singh received widespread recognition with the release of \"Tum Hi Ho\" and \"Chahun Main Ya Naa\" in 2013.", "List of Tom and Jerry characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters in the \"Tom and Jerry\" cartoon short series.", "List of Tom and Jerry characters __knowledge__ Most of these characters did not appear in all of the movies.", "List of Tom and Jerry characters __knowledge__ Tom (named \"Jasper\" in his debut appearance) is a grey and white domestic shorthair cat.", "List of Tom and Jerry characters __knowledge__ \"Tom\" is a generic name for a male cat.", "List of Tom and Jerry characters __knowledge__ He is usually but not always, portrayed as living a comfortable, or even pampered life, while Jerry (named \"Jinx\" in his debut appearance) is a small, brown, house mouse who always lives in close proximity to Tom.", "List of Tom and Jerry characters __knowledge__ Despite being very energetic, determined and much larger, Tom is no match for Jerry's wits.", "List of Tom and Jerry characters __knowledge__ Jerry also possesses surprising strength for his size, approximately the equivalent of Tom's, lifting items such as anvils with relative ease and withstanding considerable impacts.", "Tom & Jerry Kids __knowledge__ Tom & Jerry Kids is an American animated television series, co-produced by Hanna-Barbera and Turner Entertainment Co., starring the cat-and-mouse duo Tom and Jerry as children (kitten and mouse).", "Tom & Jerry Kids __knowledge__ The show premiered in 1990 and continued airing until 1994.", "Tom & Jerry Kids __knowledge__ It began airing as the first program of the FOX's children's block, Fox Kids on September 8, 1990.", "Tom & Jerry Kids __knowledge__ The series is somewhat similar to the \"older\" version of the original theatricals, partly akin to being produced by creators William Hanna and Joseph Barbera, founders of H-B.", "Tom & Jerry Kids __knowledge__ In terms of violence level, they are far closer to the original cartoons than previous television adaptions such as Filmation's \"The Tom and Jerry Comedy Show\" although somewhat milder than Hanna and Barbera's version.", "The Brady Bunch __knowledge__ The Brady Bunch is an American sitcom created by Sherwood Schwartz that aired from September 26, 1969, to March 8, 1974, on ABC.", "The Brady Bunch __knowledge__ The series revolves around a large blended family with six children.", "The Brady Bunch __knowledge__ Considered one of the last of the old-style family sitcoms, the series aired for five seasons and, after its cancellation in 1974, went into syndication in September 1975.", "The Brady Bunch __knowledge__ While the series was never a critical or ratings success during its original run, it has since become a popular staple in syndication, especially among children and teenaged viewers.", "The Brady Bunch __knowledge__ \"The Brady Bunch\"'s success in syndication led to several television reunion films and spin-off series: \"The Brady Bunch Hour\" (1976–77), \"The Brady Girls Get Married\" (1981), \"The Brady Brides\" (1981), \"A Very Brady Christmas\" (1988), and \"The Bradys\" (1990).", "Big Bad Wolf __knowledge__ The Big Bad Wolf is a fictional wolf appearing in several cautionary tales that includes some of Aesop's Fables (c. 600 BC) and \"Grimms' Fairy Tales.\"", "Big Bad Wolf __knowledge__ Versions of this character have appeared in numerous works, and has become a generic archetype of a menacing predatory antagonist.", "Big Bad Wolf __knowledge__ \"Little Red Riding Hood\", \"The Three Little Pigs\", \"The Wolf and the Seven Young Kids\", the Russian tale \"Peter and the Wolf\", reflect the theme of the ravening wolf and of the creature released unharmed from its belly, but the general theme of restoration is very old.", "Big Bad Wolf __knowledge__ The dialog between the wolf and Little Red Riding Hood has its analogies to the Norse \"Þrymskviða\" from the \"Elder Edda\"; the giant Þrymr had stolen Mjölner, Thor's hammer, and demanded Freyja as his bride for its return.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The following is a list of recurring games, sketches, and other comedy routines from the NBC late night talk show \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", and its predecessor, \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The sketches feature host Jimmy Fallon, house band The Roots, announcer/sidekick Steve Higgins, the show's writers, celebrity guests, and audience members.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Most of the skits below appeared only on \"Late Night\", while some have carried over to the \"Tonight Show\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Every Tuesday on the show, Jimmy weighs the pros and cons of a topic that's currently in the news, with the pros being the setups and the cons being the punchlines.", "Spike and Tyke (characters) __knowledge__ Spike and Tyke are fictional characters from the \"Tom and Jerry\" animated film series, created by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera.", "Spike and Tyke (characters) __knowledge__ Spike Bulldog (who goes by different names in a few episodes - Killer for four episodes, Butch for two episodes, and Bulldog for one) is portrayed as an American bulldog, who is generally friendly and amiable, and a loving father to his son Tyke in several episodes.", "Spike and Tyke (characters) __knowledge__ However, Spike's character also has a very stern, and fierce side, for occasions such as when he is defending his son Tyke.", "Spike and Tyke (characters) __knowledge__ Spike made his first appearance in the 1942 \"Tom and Jerry\" cartoon \"Dog Trouble\", and his first speaking role was in 1944's \"The Bodyguard\", where he was voiced by Billy Bletcher up until 1949, from which point he was voiced by Daws Butler, with a thick New Yorker accent similar to Jimmy Durante's." ] ]

[ 16, 1, 10, 0 ]

[ "Tom and Jerry is one of my favorite classic cartoons. Though I kind of feel bad that Tom always gets outwitted.", "I think Hanna and Barbera. I remember always seeing their little logo at the start of every cartoon.", "It had a bunch of spin-offs later on, \"Tom and Jerry Kids\" has a ridiculously catchy theme song.", "I don't think it has a title besides \"Tom and Jerry Kids Intro Song.\" You can find it on Youtube. You'll be humming it all day." ]

[ "Tom and Jerry", "Tom and Jerry", "Tom and Jerry", "Tom and Jerry" ]

[ "Avengers: Infinity War", "I have never seen it, what is it about! The title alone sounds very interesting.", "Ooh, this sounds like an amazing film, I need to see it, was it released recently?", "I see, are there any ideas when the second part will be released? That is a ton of different locations, I bet the budget on that film is outrageous!!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Avengers: Infinity War __knowledge__ Avengers: Infinity War is an upcoming American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.", "Avengers: Infinity War __knowledge__ It is intended to be the sequel to 2012's \"Marvel's The Avengers\" and 2015's \"\" and the nineteenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU).", "Avengers: Infinity War __knowledge__ The film is directed by Anthony and Joe Russo, with a screenplay by Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely, and features an ensemble cast with many actors from previous MCU films.", "Avengers: Infinity War __knowledge__ In \"Avengers: Infinity War\", the Avengers join forces with the Guardians of the Galaxy to confront Thanos, who is trying to collect the Infinity Stones.", "Avengers: Infinity War __knowledge__ The film was announced in October 2014 as \"Avengers: Infinity War – Part 1\".", "Avengers: Infinity War __knowledge__ The Russo brothers came on board to direct in April 2015 and by May, Markus and McFeely signed on to write the script for the film.", "Avengers: Infinity War __knowledge__ In July 2016, Marvel shortened the title to \"Avengers: Infinity War\".", "Avengers: Infinity War __knowledge__ Filming began in January 2017, at Pinewood Atlanta Studios in Fayette County, Georgia, and lasted until July 2017, shooting back-to-back with a direct sequel.", "Avengers: Infinity War __knowledge__ Additional filming took place in Scotland, England, the Downtown Atlanta area and New York City." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Avengers: Infinity War __knowledge__ Avengers: Infinity War is an upcoming American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.", "Avengers: Infinity War __knowledge__ It is intended to be the sequel to 2012's \"Marvel's The Avengers\" and 2015's \"\" and the nineteenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU).", "Avengers: Infinity War __knowledge__ The film is directed by Anthony and Joe Russo, with a screenplay by Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely, and features an ensemble cast with many actors from previous MCU films.", "Avengers: Infinity War __knowledge__ In \"Avengers: Infinity War\", the Avengers join forces with the Guardians of the Galaxy to confront Thanos, who is trying to collect the Infinity Stones.", "Avengers: Infinity War __knowledge__ The film was announced in October 2014 as \"Avengers: Infinity War – Part 1\".", "Avengers: Infinity War __knowledge__ The Russo brothers came on board to direct in April 2015 and by May, Markus and McFeely signed on to write the script for the film.", "Avengers: Infinity War __knowledge__ In July 2016, Marvel shortened the title to \"Avengers: Infinity War\".", "Avengers: Infinity War __knowledge__ Filming began in January 2017, at Pinewood Atlanta Studios in Fayette County, Georgia, and lasted until July 2017, shooting back-to-back with a direct sequel.", "Avengers: Infinity War __knowledge__ Additional filming took place in Scotland, England, the Downtown Atlanta area and New York City.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Various characters appeared in the sitcom \"Friends\", which aired for ten seasons on NBC from 1994 to 2004.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ It featured six main cast members: Rachel Green (Jennifer Aniston), Phoebe Buffay (Lisa Kudrow), Joey Tribbiani (Matt LeBlanc), Chandler Bing (Matthew Perry), Ross Geller (David Schwimmer) and Monica Geller (Courteney Cox).", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Many celebrities guest starred on the series throughout its ten-year run.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ The main cast members were familiar to television viewers before their roles on \"Friends\", but were not considered to be stars.", "List of Friends characters __knowledge__ Series creator David Crane wanted all six characters to be equally prominent, and the series was lauded as being \"the first true 'ensemble' show\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "List of iCarly characters __knowledge__ The Nickelodeon sitcom \"iCarly\" centers on Carly Shay, who creates her own web show with her best friends Sam and Freddie.", "List of iCarly characters __knowledge__ The series stars Miranda Cosgrove as Carly, Jennette McCurdy as Sam, Nathan Kress as Freddie, Jerry Trainor as Spencer, and Noah Munck as Gibby.", "List of iCarly characters __knowledge__ The series was created by Dan Schneider, who also serves as executive producer.", "List of iCarly characters __knowledge__ Carlotta \"Carly\" Shay (Miranda Cosgrove) starts as a 13-year-old girl who lives with her older brother, Spencer Shay, in Seattle, Washington.", "List of iCarly characters __knowledge__ They live in the Bushwell Plaza apartment building.", "List of iCarly characters __knowledge__ Carly's best friends are Sam Puckett, Freddie Benson (who lives in the same apartment building), and Gibby Gibson.", "Smile (The Beach Boys album) __knowledge__ Smile (sometimes stylized as SMiLE) was a projected album by American rock band the Beach Boys intended to follow their 11th studio album, \"Pet Sounds\" (1966).", "Smile (The Beach Boys album) __knowledge__ After bandleader Brian Wilson abandoned large portions of music recorded over a ten-month period, the band substituted its release with \"Smiley Smile\" (1967), an album containing stripped-down remakes of some \"Smile\" material.", "Smile (The Beach Boys album) __knowledge__ Some of the original \"Smile\" tracks eventually found their way onto subsequent Beach Boys' studio and compilation albums.", "Smile (The Beach Boys album) __knowledge__ As more fans learned of the project's origins, details of its recordings acquired considerable mystique, and it was later acknowledged as the most legendary unreleased album in the history of popular music.", "Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 __knowledge__ Estonia participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 with the song \"Play\" written by Fred Krieger, Stig Rästa and Vallo Kikas.", "Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 __knowledge__ The song was performed by Jüri Pootsmann.", "Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 __knowledge__ The Estonian broadcaster Eesti Rahvusringhääling (ERR) organised the national final \"Eesti Laul 2016\" in order to select the Estonian entry for the 2016 contest in Stockholm, Sweden.", "Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 __knowledge__ The national final consisted of three shows: two semi-finals and a final.", "Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 __knowledge__ Ten songs competed in each semi-final and the top five from each semi-final as determined by a jury panel and public vote qualified to the final.", "Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 __knowledge__ In the final, the winner was selected over two rounds of voting.", "Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2017 __knowledge__ Estonia participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2017 with the song \"Verona\" written by Sven Lõhmus.", "Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2017 __knowledge__ The song was performed by Koit Toome and Laura Põldvere.", "Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2017 __knowledge__ The Estonian broadcaster Eesti Rahvusringhääling (ERR) organised the national final \"Eesti Laul 2017\" in order to select the Estonian entry for the 2017 contest in Kiev, Ukraine.", "Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2017 __knowledge__ The national final consisted of three shows: two semi-finals and a final.", "Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2017 __knowledge__ Ten songs competed in each semi-final and the top five from each semi-final as determined by a jury panel and public vote qualified to the final.", "Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2017 __knowledge__ In the final, the winner was selected over two rounds of voting.", "Production of Avengers: Infinity War and the untitled Avengers sequel __knowledge__ \"\" and its untitled sequel are upcoming American superhero films based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.", "Production of Avengers: Infinity War and the untitled Avengers sequel __knowledge__ They are intended to be the sequels to \"Marvel's The Avengers\" (2012) and \"\" (2015), and to serve as the nineteenth and twenty-second films of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) respectively.", "Production of Avengers: Infinity War and the untitled Avengers sequel __knowledge__ Both films are directed by Anthony and Joe Russo from screenplays by the writing team of Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely, and feature an ensemble cast composed of many previous MCU actors.", "Production of Avengers: Infinity War and the untitled Avengers sequel __knowledge__ Development of the films began in Marvel Studios' early films by introducing the Infinity Stones and the Infinity Gauntlet.", "List of Marvel Cinematic Universe films __knowledge__ The Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) films are an American series of superhero films, based on characters that appear in publications by Marvel Comics.", "List of Marvel Cinematic Universe films __knowledge__ The films have been in production since 2007, and in that time Marvel Studios has produced 17 films, with 9 more in various stages of production.", "List of Marvel Cinematic Universe films __knowledge__ The series collectively has grossed over $13.5 billion at the global box office, making it the highest-grossing film franchise of all time.", "List of Marvel Cinematic Universe films __knowledge__ Kevin Feige has produced every film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.", "List of Marvel Cinematic Universe films __knowledge__ Avi Arad served as a producer on the two 2008 releases, Gale Anne Hurd also produced \"The Incredible Hulk\" and Amy Pascal produced the Spider-Man films.", "The Infinity War __knowledge__ The Infinity War is a six-issue comic book limited series published by Marvel Comics in 1992.", "The Infinity War __knowledge__ The series was written by Jim Starlin and penciled by Ron Lim, Ian Laughlin, Al Milgrom, Jack Morelli and Christie Scheele.", "The Infinity War __knowledge__ The storyline is a direct sequel to the 1991 \"Infinity Gauntlet\" crossover, and was followed by \"The Infinity Crusade\" in 1993.", "The Infinity War __knowledge__ The main series was published between July and November 1992.", "The Infinity War __knowledge__ Important plot points were also in \"Warlock and The Infinity Watch\" #7 - 10 (Aug. - Nov. 1992), also written by Starlin.", "The Infinity War __knowledge__ The story had additional tie-ins including \"Alpha Flight\" #110-112, \"Captain America\" #408, \"Daredevil\" #310, \"Deathlok\" #16, \"Doctor Strange: Sorcerer Supreme\" #42-47, \"Fantastic Four\" #366 - 370, \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" vol 1 #27-29, \"Marc Spector: Moon Knight\" #41-44, \"Marvel Comics Presents \" #108-111, \"New Warriors\" #27, \"Nomad\" vol.", "Untitled Avengers film __knowledge__ The untitled Avengers film, colloquially referred to as Avengers 4, is an upcoming American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.", "Untitled Avengers film __knowledge__ It is intended to be the direct sequel to 2018's \"\", as well as the sequel to 2012's \"Marvel's The Avengers\" and 2015's \"\" and the twenty-second film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU).", "Untitled Avengers film __knowledge__ The film is directed by Anthony and Joe Russo, with a screenplay by Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely, and features an ensemble cast with many actors from previous MCU films.", "Thor: Ragnarok __knowledge__ Thor: Ragnarok is a 2017 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character Thor, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.", "Thor: Ragnarok __knowledge__ It is the sequel to 2011's \"Thor\" and 2013's \",\" and is the seventeenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU).", "Thor: Ragnarok __knowledge__ The film is directed by Taika Waititi from a screenplay by Eric Pearson and the writing team of Craig Kyle and Christopher Yost, and stars Chris Hemsworth as Thor alongside Tom Hiddleston, Cate Blanchett, Idris Elba, Jeff Goldblum, Tessa Thompson, Karl Urban, Mark Ruffalo, and Anthony Hopkins.", "Thor: Ragnarok __knowledge__ In \"Thor: Ragnarok\", Thor must escape the alien planet Sakaar in time to save Asgard from Hela and the impending Ragnarök.", "Unreal Engine __knowledge__ The Unreal Engine is a game engine developed by Epic Games, first showcased in the 1998 first-person shooter game \"Unreal\".", "Unreal Engine __knowledge__ Although primarily developed for first-person shooters, it has been successfully used in a variety of other genres, including stealth, fighting games, MMORPGs, and other RPGs.", "Unreal Engine __knowledge__ With its code written in C++, the Unreal Engine features a high degree of portability and is a tool used by many game developers today.", "Unreal Engine __knowledge__ It has won several awards, including the Guinness World Records award for \"most successful video game engine.\"", "Unreal Engine __knowledge__ The current release is Unreal Engine 4, designed for Microsoft Windows, macOS, Linux, SteamOS, HTML5, iOS, Android, Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4, Xbox One and virtual reality (SteamVR/HTC Vive, Oculus Rift, PlayStation VR, Google Daydream, OSVR and Samsung Gear VR)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Avengers: Infinity War __knowledge__ Avengers: Infinity War is an upcoming American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.", "Avengers: Infinity War __knowledge__ It is intended to be the sequel to 2012's \"Marvel's The Avengers\" and 2015's \"\" and the nineteenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU).", "Avengers: Infinity War __knowledge__ The film is directed by Anthony and Joe Russo, with a screenplay by Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely, and features an ensemble cast with many actors from previous MCU films.", "Avengers: Infinity War __knowledge__ In \"Avengers: Infinity War\", the Avengers join forces with the Guardians of the Galaxy to confront Thanos, who is trying to collect the Infinity Stones.", "Avengers: Infinity War __knowledge__ The film was announced in October 2014 as \"Avengers: Infinity War – Part 1\".", "Avengers: Infinity War __knowledge__ The Russo brothers came on board to direct in April 2015 and by May, Markus and McFeely signed on to write the script for the film.", "Avengers: Infinity War __knowledge__ In July 2016, Marvel shortened the title to \"Avengers: Infinity War\".", "Avengers: Infinity War __knowledge__ Filming began in January 2017, at Pinewood Atlanta Studios in Fayette County, Georgia, and lasted until July 2017, shooting back-to-back with a direct sequel.", "Avengers: Infinity War __knowledge__ Additional filming took place in Scotland, England, the Downtown Atlanta area and New York City.", "Spider-Man's powers and equipment __knowledge__ The fictional Marvel Comics superhero Spider-Man, who debuted in 1962, is well known for his unique superhuman abilities as depicted in the comics and other media.", "Spider-Man's powers and equipment __knowledge__ He receives most of his powers when he is bitten by a radioactive common house spider.", "Spider-Man's powers and equipment __knowledge__ He uses his technical skill to develop equipment and weapons to complement his powers, and wears a number of costumes, many of which have special properties.", "Spider-Man's powers and equipment __knowledge__ When Peter Parker was bitten by an irradiated spider, radioactive mutagenic enzymes in the spider's venom quickly caused numerous body-wide changes.", "Spider-Man's powers and equipment __knowledge__ Immediately after the bite, he was granted his original powers: primarily superhuman strength, reflexes, and balance; the ability to cling tenaciously to most surfaces; and a subconscious ability to sense everything in his surroundings, which he called a \"spider-sense\".", "Ooh Baby (You Know That I Love You) __knowledge__ \"Ooh Baby (You Know That I Love You)\" is a song by English musician George Harrison, released in 1975 on his album \"Extra Texture (Read All About It)\".", "Ooh Baby (You Know That I Love You) __knowledge__ Harrison wrote the composition as a tribute to American singer Smokey Robinson, whom he often identified as one of his favourite vocalists and songwriters.", "Ooh Baby (You Know That I Love You) __knowledge__ The song was intended as a companion piece to Robinson's 1965 hit with the Miracles, \"Ooo Baby Baby\", and its inclusion on \"Extra Texture\" contributed to that album's standing as Harrison's soul music album.", "Ooh Baby (You Know That I Love You) __knowledge__ His impersonation of Robinson's celebrated vocal style on the track, including portions sung in falsetto, contrasted with Harrison's hoarse, laryngitis-marred singing on his 1974 North American tour and the poorly received \"Dark Horse\" album.", "Sexuality in ancient Rome __knowledge__ Sexuality in ancient Rome, and more broadly, \"sexual attitudes and behaviors in ancient Rome,\" are indicated by Roman art, literature and inscriptions, and to a lesser extent by archaeological remains such as erotic artifacts and architecture.", "Sexuality in ancient Rome __knowledge__ It has sometimes been assumed that \"unlimited sexual license\" was characteristic of ancient Rome; Verstraete and Provençal express the opinion that this perspective was simply a Christian interpretation: \"The sexuality of the Romans has never had good press in the West ever since the rise of Christianity.", "Sexuality in ancient Rome __knowledge__ In the popular imagination and culture, it is synonymous with sexual license and abuse.\"", "Ooh La La (Goldfrapp song) __knowledge__ \"Ooh La La\" is a song performed by English group Goldfrapp.", "Ooh La La (Goldfrapp song) __knowledge__ The song was written and produced by Alison Goldfrapp and Will Gregory for the duo's third album \"Supernature\" (2005).", "Ooh La La (Goldfrapp song) __knowledge__ The song consists largely of a synthesizer and guitar arrangement, and has been described as \"a dirty, decadent homage to Marc Bolan\".", "Ooh La La (Goldfrapp song) __knowledge__ It features a sample from the 1969 song \"Spirit in the Sky\" by Norman Greenbaum.", "Ooh La La (Goldfrapp song) __knowledge__ The song was released as the album's lead single in August 2005 to positive reviews from music critics.", "Ooh La La (Goldfrapp song) __knowledge__ It was a commercial success, reaching the top forty on the majority of the charts it entered, and topped the United States dance chart.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "Love & Mercy (film) __knowledge__ Love & Mercy (stylized as love&mercy) is a 2014 American biographical drama film directed by Bill Pohlad that focuses on the Beach Boys' co-founder and leader Brian Wilson and his struggles with mental illness during the 1960s and 1980s.", "Love & Mercy (film) __knowledge__ The film, deriving its title from the 1988 song by Wilson, stars Paul Dano and John Cusack as the young and middle-aged Wilson, respectively, with Elizabeth Banks as his second wife Melinda Ledbetter, and Paul Giamatti as his psychotherapist Dr. Eugene Landy.", "Love & Mercy (film) __knowledge__ The film premiered in the Special Presentations section of the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival on September 7, 2014 and was released by Lionsgate and Roadside Attractions on June 5, 2015.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken was a band from Melbourne, Australia, which formed in 1999 and disbanded in 2007.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ They were one of Australia's most well-known ska bands and one of the most popular Christian bands in the country.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ They were signed to Boomtown Records.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken's musical style included a blend of Ska, Hardcore, Reggae & Rock.The band placed a high emphasis on touring and were known for their \"high energy\" live performances.", "Sounds Like Chicken __knowledge__ Sounds Like Chicken shared stages and toured with such bands, including Reel Big Fish, Mad Caddies, Crowned King, Hilltop Hoods, Kisschasy, Area-7, Gyroscope, Bodyjar, 28 Days, Killing Heidi, The O.C.", "Production of Avengers: Infinity War and the untitled Avengers sequel __knowledge__ \"\" and its untitled sequel are upcoming American superhero films based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.", "Production of Avengers: Infinity War and the untitled Avengers sequel __knowledge__ They are intended to be the sequels to \"Marvel's The Avengers\" (2012) and \"\" (2015), and to serve as the nineteenth and twenty-second films of the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) respectively.", "Production of Avengers: Infinity War and the untitled Avengers sequel __knowledge__ Both films are directed by Anthony and Joe Russo from screenplays by the writing team of Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely, and feature an ensemble cast composed of many previous MCU actors.", "Production of Avengers: Infinity War and the untitled Avengers sequel __knowledge__ Development of the films began in Marvel Studios' early films by introducing the Infinity Stones and the Infinity Gauntlet.", "List of Marvel Cinematic Universe films __knowledge__ The Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) films are an American series of superhero films, based on characters that appear in publications by Marvel Comics.", "List of Marvel Cinematic Universe films __knowledge__ The films have been in production since 2007, and in that time Marvel Studios has produced 17 films, with 9 more in various stages of production.", "List of Marvel Cinematic Universe films __knowledge__ The series collectively has grossed over $13.5 billion at the global box office, making it the highest-grossing film franchise of all time.", "List of Marvel Cinematic Universe films __knowledge__ Kevin Feige has produced every film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.", "List of Marvel Cinematic Universe films __knowledge__ Avi Arad served as a producer on the two 2008 releases, Gale Anne Hurd also produced \"The Incredible Hulk\" and Amy Pascal produced the Spider-Man films.", "Thanos __knowledge__ Thanos (, ) is a fictional antagonist appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Thanos __knowledge__ Created by writer Mike Friedrich and writer-artist Jim Starlin, the character first appeared in \"Iron Man\" #55 (cover dated Feb. 1973).", "Thanos __knowledge__ The character appears in various Marvel Cinematic Universe films, including \"The Avengers\" (2012), portrayed by Damion Poitier, and \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" (2014), \"\" (2015), \"\" (2018), and its untitled sequel (2019), portrayed by Josh Brolin.", "Thanos __knowledge__ The character has appeared in other Marvel-endorsed products, including animated television series, arcade, and video games.", "Guardians of the Galaxy (film) __knowledge__ Guardians of the Galaxy (retroactively referred to as Guardians of the Galaxy Vol.", "Guardians of the Galaxy (film) __knowledge__ 1) is a 2014 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team of the same name, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.", "Guardians of the Galaxy (film) __knowledge__ It is the tenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.", "Guardians of the Galaxy (film) __knowledge__ The film was directed by James Gunn, who wrote the screenplay with Nicole Perlman, and features an ensemble cast including Chris Pratt, Zoe Saldana, Dave Bautista, Vin Diesel, Bradley Cooper, Lee Pace, Michael Rooker, Karen Gillan, Djimon Hounsou, John C. Reilly, Glenn Close, and Benicio del Toro.", "Infinity (comic book) __knowledge__ \"Infinity\" is a 2013 comic book crossover storyline that was published by Marvel Comics.", "Infinity (comic book) __knowledge__ Written by Jonathan Hickman with artwork by a rotating team of artists including Jim Cheung, Jerome Opeña, and Dustin Weaver, the series debuted in August 2013 and ran through November 2013.", "Infinity (comic book) __knowledge__ The storyline concerns issues built up in multiple Marvel comic books as part of the Marvel NOW!", "Infinity (comic book) __knowledge__ initiative, primarily \"Avengers\" and \"New Avengers\".", "Infinity (comic book) __knowledge__ These issues include a threat to the universe by an ancient race of aliens known as the Builders.", "Infinity (comic book) __knowledge__ The second is the mysterious ailments plaguing the universe with Earth at the center.", "List of Marvel Comics characters: S __knowledge__ The first Sabre was a former knife thrower named Paul Richarde until he was selected by Modred to oppose Black Knight.", "List of Marvel Comics characters: S __knowledge__ Paul Richarde was given an armor, an animated gargoyle.", "List of Marvel Comics characters: S __knowledge__ and Mordred's Ebony Dagger (the weapon with which Mordred had killed the first Black Knight).", "List of Marvel Comics characters: S __knowledge__ He was defeated by Black Knight after his horse Aragorn kicked the dagger from Le Sabre's hand.", "List of Marvel Comics characters: S __knowledge__ The second Sabre is a mutant super villain.", "List of Marvel Comics characters: S __knowledge__ His first appearance was in \"X-Men\" #106.", "List of Marvel Comics characters: S __knowledge__ Young and reckless, Sabre was chosen by Mystique to join her new Brotherhood of Mutants, though never actually participated in any missions.", "List of Marvel Comics characters: S __knowledge__ He had the mutant ability of super speed, and took the name of the deceased Super Sabre.", "Drax the Destroyer __knowledge__ Drax the Destroyer (Arthur Douglas) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Drax the Destroyer __knowledge__ Created by writer/artist Jim Starlin, the character first appeared in \"Iron Man\" #55 (February 1973).", "Drax the Destroyer __knowledge__ Arthur Douglas was a human whose family was attacked and killed by the supervillain Thanos.", "Drax the Destroyer __knowledge__ Needing a champion to combat Thanos, the being known as Kronos took Arthur's spirit and placed it in a powerful new body, and Drax the Destroyer was born.", "Drax the Destroyer __knowledge__ Drax's powers included enhanced strength and resilience, flight, and the ability to project energy blasts from his hands.", "Drax the Destroyer __knowledge__ The character often battled Thanos, and on occasion the superheroes Captain Marvel and Adam Warlock." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Avengers: Infinity War __knowledge__ Avengers: Infinity War is an upcoming American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics superhero team the Avengers, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.", "Avengers: Infinity War __knowledge__ It is intended to be the sequel to 2012's \"Marvel's The Avengers\" and 2015's \"\" and the nineteenth film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU).", "Avengers: Infinity War __knowledge__ The film is directed by Anthony and Joe Russo, with a screenplay by Christopher Markus & Stephen McFeely, and features an ensemble cast with many actors from previous MCU films.", "Avengers: Infinity War __knowledge__ In \"Avengers: Infinity War\", the Avengers join forces with the Guardians of the Galaxy to confront Thanos, who is trying to collect the Infinity Stones.", "Avengers: Infinity War __knowledge__ The film was announced in October 2014 as \"Avengers: Infinity War – Part 1\".", "Avengers: Infinity War __knowledge__ The Russo brothers came on board to direct in April 2015 and by May, Markus and McFeely signed on to write the script for the film.", "Avengers: Infinity War __knowledge__ In July 2016, Marvel shortened the title to \"Avengers: Infinity War\".", "Avengers: Infinity War __knowledge__ Filming began in January 2017, at Pinewood Atlanta Studios in Fayette County, Georgia, and lasted until July 2017, shooting back-to-back with a direct sequel.", "Avengers: Infinity War __knowledge__ Additional filming took place in Scotland, England, the Downtown Atlanta area and New York City.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (July–September 2017) __knowledge__ This is a timeline of the War in Donbass, from 1 July 2017.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (July–September 2017) __knowledge__ The timeline follows an ongoing conflict between Ukraine and anti-government pro-Russian separatists supported by Russian troops in the Donbass region in eastern Ukraine.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (July–September 2017) __knowledge__ According to the information provided by the spokesman of the Ukrainian operational headquarters in the morning, pro-Russian troops had opened fire on 35 occasions on Ukrainian positions on the last day of June (including on 17 occasions in the outskirts of Donetsk city, on 17 occasions in the region of Mariupol, and on 1 occasion in Luhansk region).", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (July–September 2017) __knowledge__ The spokesman of the Ministry of Defence on issues related to ATO, \"polkovnyk\" Andriy Lysenko, reported at noon that one Ukrainian serviceman was killed and nine were wounded and injured in the Donbass region on 30 June.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (October–December 2017) __knowledge__ This is a timeline of the War in Donbass, from 1 October 2017.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (October–December 2017) __knowledge__ The timeline follows an ongoing conflict between Ukraine and anti-government pro-Russian separatists supported by Russian troops in the Donbass region in eastern Ukraine.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (October–December 2017) __knowledge__ According to the information provided by the spokesman of the Ukrainian operational headquarters in the morning, pro-Russian troops had opened fire on 20 occasions on Ukrainian positions on the last day of September (including on 10 occasions in the outskirts of Donetsk city, on 9 occasions in the region of Mariupol, and on 1 occasion in Luhansk region); the fire was returned on 12 occasions.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (April–June 2017) __knowledge__ This is a timeline of the War in Donbass, from 1 April 2017.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (April–June 2017) __knowledge__ The timeline follows an ongoing conflict between Ukraine and anti-government pro-Russian separatists supported by Russian troops in the Donbass region in eastern Ukraine.", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (April–June 2017) __knowledge__ According to the information provided by the spokesman of the Ukrainian operational headquarters in the morning, pro-Russian troops had opened fire on 94 occasions on Ukrainian positions on the last day of March (including on 34 occasions in the outskirts of Donetsk city, on 42 occasions in the region of Mariupol, and on 18 occasions in Luhansk region).", "Timeline of the war in Donbass (April–June 2017) __knowledge__ Twelve ceasefire violations were registered by the Ukrainian military during the first twelve hours of 1 April.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps is a dice game in which the players make wagers on the outcome of the roll, or a series of rolls, of a pair of dice.", "Craps __knowledge__ Players may wager money against each other (playing \"street craps\", also known as \"shooting dice,\" \"rolling bones,\" or any combination thereof) or a bank (playing \"casino craps\", also known as \"table craps\", or often just \"craps\").", "Craps __knowledge__ Because it requires little equipment, \"street craps\" can be played in informal settings.", "Craps __knowledge__ Craps developed from a simplification of the early English game of \"hazard\".", "Craps __knowledge__ Its origins are complex and may date to the Crusades, later being influenced by French gamblers.", "List of Assassin's Creed characters __knowledge__ This list of characters from the \"Assassin's Creed\" franchise contains only characters that are considered part of \"Assassin's Creed\" canon.", "List of Assassin's Creed characters __knowledge__ Some of them are completely fictional and some are partially based on real-world historical figures.", "List of Assassin's Creed characters __knowledge__ Desmond Miles (March 13, 1987–December 21, 2012), a member of the Assassin Order in the 21st century and a descendant of numerous familial lines that had sworn an allegiance to the Assassins; including individuals such as Aquilus, Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad, Ezio Auditore de Firenze, Edward Kenway and Connor/Ratonhnhaké:ton.", "List of Assassin's Creed characters __knowledge__ He ended his own life for the sake of the planet in 2012.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that appear in \"\".", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The characters are listed in alphabetical order.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ Most characters are seen in their classic appearance (Catwoman, Green Arrow), while others (Blue Beetle) have their current costume.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ Some have even been re-imagined for the show (the Outsiders).", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The characters are described below using in-universe tone.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ 'Mazing Man is a short man who dresses up as a superhero.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ In the \"Kitty Catastrophe\" segment of \"Four Star Spectacular\", he is the accident-prone catsitter for a couple named Owen and Fiona.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ It is apparent that Batman is his favorite superhero and the inspiration for his costume.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ The films listed below have been cited by a variety of notable critics in varying media sources as being among the worst films ever made.", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ Examples of such sources include Metacritic, Roger Ebert's list of most-hated films, \"The Golden Turkey Awards\", \"Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide\", Rotten Tomatoes, the Stinkers Bad Movie Awards, \"Mystery Science Theater 3000\", and the Golden Raspberry Awards (\"Razzies\").", "List of films considered the worst __knowledge__ \"Reefer Madness\" (originally released as \"Tell Your Children\" and sometimes titled or subtitled as \"The Burning Question\", \"Dope Addict\", \"Doped Youth\", and \"Love Madness\") is a 1936 American exploitation film and propaganda work revolving around the melodramatic events that ensue when high school students are lured by pushers to try marijuana—from a hit and run accident, to manslaughter, suicide, attempted rape, and descent into madness.", "The Hobbit (film series) __knowledge__ The Hobbit is a film series consisting of three high fantasy adventure films directed by Peter Jackson.", "The Hobbit (film series) __knowledge__ They are based on the 1937 novel \"The Hobbit\" by J. R. R. Tolkien, with large portions of the trilogy inspired by the appendices to \"The Return of the King\", which expand on the story told in \"The Hobbit\", as well as new material and characters written especially for the films.", "The Hobbit (film series) __knowledge__ Together they act as a prequel to Jackson's \"The Lord of the Rings\" film trilogy.", "The Hobbit (film series) __knowledge__ The films are subtitled \"\" (2012), \"\" (2013), and \"\" (2014).", "The Hobbit (film series) __knowledge__ The screenplay was written by Fran Walsh, Philippa Boyens, Jackson, and Guillermo del Toro, who was originally chosen to direct before his departure from the project.", "John Ford __knowledge__ John Ford (February 1, 1894 – August 31, 1973) was an American film director.", "John Ford __knowledge__ He is renowned both for Westerns such as \"Stagecoach\" (1939), \"The Searchers\" (1956), and \"The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance\" (1962), as well as adaptations of classic 20th-century American novels such as the film \"The Grapes of Wrath\" (1940).", "John Ford __knowledge__ His four Academy Awards for Best Director (in 1935, 1940, 1941, and 1952) remain a record.", "John Ford __knowledge__ One of the films for which he won the award, \"How Green Was My Valley\", also won Best Picture.", "John Ford __knowledge__ In a career that spanned more than 50 years, Ford directed more than 140 films (although most of his silent films are now lost) and he is widely regarded as one of the most important and influential filmmakers of his generation.", "The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1 __knowledge__ The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1 (commonly referred to as Breaking Dawn: Part 1) is a 2011 American romantic fantasy film directed by Bill Condon and based on the novel \"Breaking Dawn\" by Stephenie Meyer.", "The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1 __knowledge__ The first part of a two-part film forms the fourth and penultimate installment in \"The Twilight Saga\" film series, and is the beginning of the 2012 film \"\".", "The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1 __knowledge__ All three main cast members, Kristen Stewart, Robert Pattinson, and Taylor Lautner, reprised their roles.", "The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1 __knowledge__ Wyck Godfrey and Karen Rosenfelt served as producers of the film, along with the author of the series, Stephenie Meyer; the screenplay was written by Melissa Rosenberg, the screenwriter of the first three entries.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK's history as a developed island country, a liberal democracy and a major power; its predominantly Christian religious life; and its composition of four countries—England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland—each of which has distinct customs, cultures and symbolism.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture, and Humanism, Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture.", "Culture of the United Kingdom __knowledge__ British literature, music, cinema, art, theatre, comedy, media, television, philosophy, architecture and education are important aspects of British culture.", "Harold Hecht __knowledge__ Harold Hecht (June 1, 1907 – May 26, 1985), born in New York City, was an Academy Award-winning Hollywood film producer (Best Picture \"Marty\" 1956), dance director and talent agent.", "Harold Hecht __knowledge__ He was also, though less noted for, a literary agent, a theatrical producer, a theatre director and a Broadway actor.", "Harold Hecht __knowledge__ He was a member of the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences and the Screen Producers Guild.", "Harold Hecht __knowledge__ During his first stay in Hollywood in the early to mid-1930s, Hecht was one of the leading dance directors in the movie industry, working with the Marx Brothers, Mae West, Bing Crosby, Cary Grant, W.C. Fields, Gary Cooper, Maurice Chevalier and Marion Davies.", "History of the New York City Subway __knowledge__ The New York City Subway is a rapid transit system that serves four of the five boroughs of New York City, New York: the Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, and Queens.", "History of the New York City Subway __knowledge__ Its operator is the New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA), which is controlled by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) of New York.", "History of the New York City Subway __knowledge__ In 2016, an average of 5.66 million passengers used the system daily, making it the busiest rapid transit system in the United States and the seventh busiest in the world.", "History of the New York City Subway __knowledge__ The first underground line opened on October 27, 1904, almost 35 years after the opening of the first elevated line in New York City, which became the IRT Ninth Avenue Line.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ The BBC Television Shakespeare is a series of British television adaptations of the plays of William Shakespeare, created by Cedric Messina and broadcast by BBC Television.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ Transmitted in the UK from 3 December 1978 to 27 April 1985, the series spanned seven seasons and thirty-seven episodes.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ Development began in 1975 when Messina saw that the grounds of Glamis Castle would make a perfect location for an adaptation of Shakespeare's \"As You Like It\" for the \"Play of the Month\" series.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ Upon returning to London, however, he had come to envision an entire series devoted exclusively to the dramatic works of Shakespeare." ] ]

[ 1, 4, 9, 8 ]

[ "Have you seen Infinity war? unreal film", "It is the third Avengers film where the avengers team up with the guardians of the galaxy to take down Thanos, the mad titan.", "It is a two part film but the first part has been released already. Locations of filming include scotland, england and new york city.", "The second part will be released next year. I believe a lot of the filming has already took place." ]

[ "Avengers: Infinity War", "Avengers: Infinity War", "Avengers: Infinity War", "Avengers: Infinity War" ]

[ "Vikings", "What time period are the vikings from.", "Are any traditions from that time still practiced today?", "That must have taken a really long time to go that far in those kinds of ships." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Vikings __knowledge__ Vikings (Old English: \"wicing\"—\"pirate\", Danish and ; Swedish and ; , from Old Norse) were Norse seafarers, mainly speaking the Old Norse language, who raided and traded from their Northern European homelands across wide areas of northern, central, eastern and western Europe, during the late 8th to late 11th centuries.", "Vikings __knowledge__ The term is also commonly extended in modern English and other vernaculars to the inhabitants of Viking home communities during what has become known as the Viking Age.", "Vikings __knowledge__ This period of Nordic military, mercantile and demographic expansion constitutes an important element in the early medieval history of Scandinavia, Estonia, the British Isles, France, Kievan Rus' and Sicily.", "Vikings __knowledge__ Facilitated by advanced sailing and navigational skills, and characterised by the longship, Viking activities at times also extended into the Mediterranean littoral, North Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia.", "Vikings __knowledge__ Following extended phases of (primarily sea- or river-borne) exploration, expansion and settlement, Viking (Norse) communities and polities were established in diverse areas of north-western Europe, European Russia, the North Atlantic islands and as far as the north-eastern coast of North America." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Vikings __knowledge__ Vikings (Old English: \"wicing\"—\"pirate\", Danish and ; Swedish and ; , from Old Norse) were Norse seafarers, mainly speaking the Old Norse language, who raided and traded from their Northern European homelands across wide areas of northern, central, eastern and western Europe, during the late 8th to late 11th centuries.", "Vikings __knowledge__ The term is also commonly extended in modern English and other vernaculars to the inhabitants of Viking home communities during what has become known as the Viking Age.", "Vikings __knowledge__ This period of Nordic military, mercantile and demographic expansion constitutes an important element in the early medieval history of Scandinavia, Estonia, the British Isles, France, Kievan Rus' and Sicily.", "Vikings __knowledge__ Facilitated by advanced sailing and navigational skills, and characterised by the longship, Viking activities at times also extended into the Mediterranean littoral, North Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia.", "Vikings __knowledge__ Following extended phases of (primarily sea- or river-borne) exploration, expansion and settlement, Viking (Norse) communities and polities were established in diverse areas of north-western Europe, European Russia, the North Atlantic islands and as far as the north-eastern coast of North America.", "History of the Minnesota Vikings __knowledge__ This article details the history of the Minnesota Vikings, an American football club of the National Football League (NFL).", "History of the Minnesota Vikings __knowledge__ Professional football history in the Twin Cities began in the 1920s; the Minneapolis Marines joined the American Professional Football Association (later to become the National Football League) in 1921, but folded in 1924; they were resurrected as the Minneapolis Red Jackets in 1929 but lasted just two seasons before merging with the Frankford Yellow Jackets.", "History of the Minnesota Vikings __knowledge__ A new professional team in the area did not surface again until August 1959, when three Minneapolis businessmen – Bill Boyer, H. P. Skoglund and Max Winter – were awarded a franchise in the new American Football League.", "Minnesota Vikings __knowledge__ The Minnesota Vikings are an American football team based in Minneapolis, Minnesota.", "Minnesota Vikings __knowledge__ The Vikings joined the National Football League (NFL) as an expansion team in 1960, and first took the field for the 1961 season.", "Minnesota Vikings __knowledge__ The team competes in the National Football Conference (NFC) North division.", "Minnesota Vikings __knowledge__ The Vikings played in four Super Bowl games in the 1970s, but lost all four.", "Minnesota Vikings __knowledge__ During the 1960s, the Vikings' record was typical for an expansion franchise, but improved over the course of the decade, resulting in a Central Division title in 1968.", "Minnesota Vikings __knowledge__ In 1969, their dominant defense led to the Vikings' league championship in 1969, the last NFL championship prior to the merger of the NFL with the AFL.", "2009 Minnesota Vikings season __knowledge__ The 2009 season was the Minnesota Vikings' 49th in the National Football League and their fourth under head coach Brad Childress.", "2009 Minnesota Vikings season __knowledge__ The Vikings improved upon their 10–6 record and defended their NFC North title from 2008, their first successful defense of a divisional title since they won six NFC Central titles in a row between 1973 and 1978.", "2009 Minnesota Vikings season __knowledge__ They beat the Dallas Cowboys in the NFC Divisional Playoff at the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome in Minneapolis, but lost the NFC Championship Game in overtime to the eventual Super Bowl champion New Orleans Saints, missing out on what would have been their first Super Bowl since Super Bowl XI in 1976.", "University of Limerick Vikings __knowledge__ The University of Limerick Vikings are the American football team from the University of Limerick in Limerick, Ireland.", "University of Limerick Vikings __knowledge__ The team currently competes in the Irish American Football League.", "University of Limerick Vikings __knowledge__ The Vikings have won three IAFL Shamrock Bowl titles - in 2007, 2008 and 2009.", "University of Limerick Vikings __knowledge__ The Vikings' all-time record is 48-28-3 (0.580).", "University of Limerick Vikings __knowledge__ Established in 1999, the team played mostly flag football until late 2001, when they joined the IAFL winter league.", "University of Limerick Vikings __knowledge__ In UL's first-ever game, they took the field on the road to the eventual Shamrock Bowl champion Dublin Rebels and were beaten 48–0.", "University of Limerick Vikings __knowledge__ The Vikings lost their first four games, but on December 2, 2001, they recorded their first-ever win, 12–8, over the Dublin Dragons in Limerick, with touchdowns from Tommy Conneelly and Paddy \"The Saint\" Ryan.", "2010 Minnesota Vikings season __knowledge__ The 2010 season was the Minnesota Vikings' 50th in the National Football League, and the fifth under head coach Brad Childress.", "2010 Minnesota Vikings season __knowledge__ After a loss to the New Orleans Saints in the NFC Championship ended their 2009 season, the Vikings had hoped to defend their NFC North division title for the third year in a row and contend again for a Super Bowl championship.", "2010 Minnesota Vikings season __knowledge__ However, Brett Favre was unable to recover from the injuries he had sustained in the NFC Championship and turned in abysmal performances for most of the season, being forced to sit out three games due to injuries and breaking his consecutive start record at 297 games since September 1992.", "Viking expansion __knowledge__ Viking expansion is the process by which the Vikings sailed most of the North Atlantic, reaching south to North Africa and east to Russia, Constantinople and the Middle East as looters, traders, colonists and mercenaries.", "Viking expansion __knowledge__ Vikings under Leif Ericsson, the heir to Erik the Red, reached North America and set up a short-lived settlement in present-day L'Anse aux Meadows, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.", "Viking expansion __knowledge__ Longer and more established settlements were formed in Greenland, Iceland, Great Britain and Normandy.", "Viking expansion __knowledge__ There is much debate among historians about what drove the Viking expansion.", "Viking expansion __knowledge__ One widely held idea is that it was a quest for retaliation against continental Europeans for their previous invasions of Viking homelands, such as Charlemagne's campaign to force Scandinavian pagans to convert to Christianity by killing any who refused to become baptized.", "Old Norse __knowledge__ Old Norse was a North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and inhabitants of their overseas settlements during about the 9th to 13th centuries.", "Old Norse __knowledge__ The Proto-Norse language developed into Old Norse by the 8th century, and Old Norse began to develop into the modern North Germanic languages in the mid- to late 14th century, ending the language phase known as Old Norse.", "Old Norse __knowledge__ These dates, however, are not absolute, since written Old Norse is found well into the 15th century.", "Old Norse __knowledge__ Old Norse was divided into three dialects: Old West Norse, Old East Norse, and Old Gutnish.", "Old Norse __knowledge__ Old West and East Norse formed a dialect continuum, with no clear geographical boundary between them.", "Danish language __knowledge__ Danish (\"dansk\" ; \"dansk sprog\", ) is a North Germanic language spoken by around six million people, principally in Denmark and in the region of Southern Schleswig in northern Germany, where it has minority language status.", "Danish language __knowledge__ Also, minor Danish-speaking communities are found in Norway, Sweden, Spain, the United States, Canada, Brazil, and Argentina.", "Danish language __knowledge__ Due to immigration and language shift in urban areas, around 15–20% of the population of Greenland speak Danish as their home language.", "Danish language __knowledge__ Along with the other North Germanic languages, Danish is a descendant of Old Norse, the common language of the Germanic peoples who lived in Scandinavia during the Viking Era.", "Old Norse religion __knowledge__ Old Norse religion developed from early Germanic religion during the Proto-Norse period, when the North Germanic peoples separated into a distinct branch of the Germanic peoples.", "Old Norse religion __knowledge__ It was displaced by Christianization of the North Germanic peoples.", "Old Norse religion __knowledge__ Scholars reconstruct aspects of North Germanic religion by historical linguistics, archaeology, toponymy, and records left by North Germanic peoples, such as runic inscriptions in the Younger Futhark, a distinctly North Germanic extension of the runic alphabet.", "Old Norse religion __knowledge__ Numerous Old Norse works dated to the 13th century record Norse mythology, a component of North Germanic religion.", "Viking Age __knowledge__ The Viking Age is the period from the late eighth century to the mid-11th century in European history, especially Northern European and Scandinavian history, following the Germanic Iron Age.", "Viking Age __knowledge__ It is the period of history when Scandinavian Norsemen explored Europe by its seas and rivers for trade, raids, colonization, and conquest.", "Viking Age __knowledge__ In this period, the Norsemen settled in Norse Greenland, Newfoundland, and present-day Faroe Islands, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Scotland, England, Ireland, the Netherlands, Germany, Ukraine, Russia, and Turkey.", "Viking Age __knowledge__ Viking travellers and colonists were seen at many points in history as brutal raiders.", "Scandinavian Scotland __knowledge__ Scandinavian Scotland refers to the period from the 8th to the 15th centuries during which Vikings and Norse settlers, mainly Norwegians and to a lesser extent other Scandinavians, and their descendents colonised parts of what is now the periphery of modern Scotland.", "Scandinavian Scotland __knowledge__ Viking influence in the area commenced in the late 8th century, and hostility between the Scandinavian Earls of Orkney and the emerging thalassocracy of the Kingdom of the Isles, the rulers of Ireland, Dál Riata and Alba, and intervention by the crown of Norway were recurring themes.", "Scandinavian Scotland __knowledge__ Scandinavian-held territories included the Northern Isles of Orkney and Shetland, the Hebrides, the islands of the Firth of Clyde and associated mainland territories including Caithness and Sutherland.", "Greece runestones __knowledge__ The Greece runestones (Swedish: \"Greklandsstenarna\", Greek: \"Ρουνικές λίθοι Ελλάδας\") are about 30 runestones containing information related to voyages made by Norsemen to the Byzantine Empire.", "Greece runestones __knowledge__ They were made during the Viking Age until about 1100 and were engraved in the Old Norse language with Scandinavian runes.", "Greece runestones __knowledge__ All the stones have been found in modern-day Sweden, the majority in Uppland (18 runestones) and Södermanland (7 runestones).", "Greece runestones __knowledge__ Most were inscribed in memory of members of the Varangian Guard who never returned home, but a few inscriptions mention men who returned with wealth, and a boulder in Ed was engraved on the orders of a former officer of the Guard." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Vikings __knowledge__ Vikings (Old English: \"wicing\"—\"pirate\", Danish and ; Swedish and ; , from Old Norse) were Norse seafarers, mainly speaking the Old Norse language, who raided and traded from their Northern European homelands across wide areas of northern, central, eastern and western Europe, during the late 8th to late 11th centuries.", "Vikings __knowledge__ The term is also commonly extended in modern English and other vernaculars to the inhabitants of Viking home communities during what has become known as the Viking Age.", "Vikings __knowledge__ This period of Nordic military, mercantile and demographic expansion constitutes an important element in the early medieval history of Scandinavia, Estonia, the British Isles, France, Kievan Rus' and Sicily.", "Vikings __knowledge__ Facilitated by advanced sailing and navigational skills, and characterised by the longship, Viking activities at times also extended into the Mediterranean littoral, North Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia.", "Vikings __knowledge__ Following extended phases of (primarily sea- or river-borne) exploration, expansion and settlement, Viking (Norse) communities and polities were established in diverse areas of north-western Europe, European Russia, the North Atlantic islands and as far as the north-eastern coast of North America.", "Japanese martial arts __knowledge__ Japanese martial arts refer to the variety of martial arts native to the country of Japan.", "Japanese martial arts __knowledge__ At least three Japanese terms are used interchangeably with the English phrase \"Japanese martial arts\".", "Japanese martial arts __knowledge__ The usage of term \"\"budō\"\" to mean martial arts is a modern one, and historically the term meant a way of life encompassing physical, spiritual, and moral dimensions with a focus of self-improvement, fulfillment, or personal growth.", "Japanese martial arts __knowledge__ The terms \"bujutsu\" and \"bugei\" have more discrete definitions, at least historically speaking.", "Japanese martial arts __knowledge__ \"Bujutsu\" refers specifically to the practical application of martial tactics and techniques in actual combat.", "Native American religion __knowledge__ Native American religions are the spiritual practices of the indigenous peoples of the Americas.", "Native American religion __knowledge__ This article focuses on Native North Americans.", "Native American religion __knowledge__ Traditional Native American ceremonial ways can vary widely, and are based on the differing histories and beliefs of individual tribes, clans and bands.", "Native American religion __knowledge__ Early European explorers describe individual Native American tribes and even small bands as each having their own religious practices.", "Native American religion __knowledge__ Theology may be monotheistic, polytheistic, henotheistic, animistic, or some combination thereof.", "Native American religion __knowledge__ Traditional beliefs are usually passed down in the forms of oral histories, stories, allegories and principles, and rely on face to face teaching in one's family and community.", "Seminole __knowledge__ The Seminole are a Native American people originally from Florida.", "Seminole __knowledge__ Today, they principally live in Oklahoma with a minority in Florida, and comprise three federally recognized tribes: the Seminole Tribe of Oklahoma, the Seminole Tribe of Florida, and Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida, as well as independent groups.", "Seminole __knowledge__ The Seminole nation emerged in a process of ethnogenesis from various Native American groups who settled in Florida in the 18th century, most significantly northern Muscogee (Creeks) from what is now Georgia and Alabama.", "Seminole __knowledge__ The word \"Seminole\" is derived from the Creek word \"simanó-li\", which may itself be derived from the Spanish word \"cimarrón\", meaning \"runaway\" or \"wild one\".", "Maronite mummies __knowledge__ The Maronite mummies are eight well preserved natural mummies of Maronite villagers dating back to around 1283 AD.", "Maronite mummies __knowledge__ They were uncovered by a team of speleologist/archaeologistss during a rescue excavation in the Qadisha Valley of Lebanon in 1991.", "Maronite mummies __knowledge__ The mummies were found in the 'Asi-al Hadath cave located in the Kadisha Valley in Lebanon, on July 13, 1990 by a group of speleologists/archaeologists of the Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherches Souterraines du Liban- GERSL, namely Abi Aoun Pierre, Baroudy Fadi, Ghaouch Antoine and Khawaja Paul The find was the result of two years of excavation.", "Maronite mummies __knowledge__ Initially, the discovery consisted of a single four-month-old infant mummy The infant was named Yasmine by her discoverers after a child whose name was mentioned in a manuscript discovered on-site.", "Urapmin people __knowledge__ The Urapmin people are an ethnic group numbering about 375 people in the Telefomin District of the West Sepik Province of Papua New Guinea.", "Urapmin people __knowledge__ One of the Min peoples who inhabit this area, the Urapmin share the common Min practices of hunter-gatherer subsistence, taro cultivation, and formerly, an elaborate secret cult available only to initiated men.", "Urapmin people __knowledge__ The Urapmin used to ally with the Telefolmin in war against other Min peoples, practicing cannibalism against the enemy dead, but warfare ceased by the 1960s with the arrival of colonialism.", "Urapmin people __knowledge__ A Christian revival in the 1970s led to the near-complete abandonment of traditional beliefs and the adoption of a form of Charismatic Christianity originally derived from Baptist Christianity.", "Xhosa people __knowledge__ The Xhosa people ( or ; ) are a Bantu ethnic group of Southern Africa mainly found in the Eastern and Western Cape, South Africa, and in the last two centuries throughout the southern and central-southern parts of the country.", "Xhosa people __knowledge__ There is a small but significant Xhosa (Mfengu) community in Zimbabwe, where their language, Xhosa, is recognised as a national language.", "Xhosa people __knowledge__ The Xhosa people are divided into several tribes with related yet distinct heritages.", "Xhosa people __knowledge__ The main tribes are AmaGcaleka, AmaRharhabe, ImiDange, ImiDushane, and AmaNdlambe.", "Xhosa people __knowledge__ In addition, there are other tribes found near or amongst the Xhosa people such as AbaThembu, AmaBhaca, AbakoBhosha and AmaQwathi that are distinct and separate tribes which have adopted the Xhosa language and the Xhosa way of life.", "Bali __knowledge__ Bali (Balinese: , Indonesian: \"Pulau Bali\", \"Provinsi Bali\") is an island and province of Indonesia.", "Bali __knowledge__ The province includes the island of Bali and a few smaller neighbouring islands, notably Nusa Penida, Nusa Lembongan and Nusa Ceningan.", "Bali __knowledge__ It is located at the westernmost end of the Lesser Sunda Islands, with Java to the west and Lombok to the east.", "Bali __knowledge__ Its capital, Denpasar, is located in the southern part of the island.", "Bali __knowledge__ With a population of 3,890,757 in the 2010 census, and 4,225,000 as of January 2014, the island is home to most of Indonesia's Hindu minority.", "Bali __knowledge__ According to the 2010 Census, 83.5% of Bali's population adhered to Balinese Hinduism, followed by 13.4% Muslim, Christianity at 2.5% and Buddhism 0.5%.", "Viking Age __knowledge__ The Viking Age is the period from the late eighth century to the mid-11th century in European history, especially Northern European and Scandinavian history, following the Germanic Iron Age.", "Viking Age __knowledge__ It is the period of history when Scandinavian Norsemen explored Europe by its seas and rivers for trade, raids, colonization, and conquest.", "Viking Age __knowledge__ In this period, the Norsemen settled in Norse Greenland, Newfoundland, and present-day Faroe Islands, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Scotland, England, Ireland, the Netherlands, Germany, Ukraine, Russia, and Turkey.", "Viking Age __knowledge__ Viking travellers and colonists were seen at many points in history as brutal raiders.", "Greece runestones __knowledge__ The Greece runestones (Swedish: \"Greklandsstenarna\", Greek: \"Ρουνικές λίθοι Ελλάδας\") are about 30 runestones containing information related to voyages made by Norsemen to the Byzantine Empire.", "Greece runestones __knowledge__ They were made during the Viking Age until about 1100 and were engraved in the Old Norse language with Scandinavian runes.", "Greece runestones __knowledge__ All the stones have been found in modern-day Sweden, the majority in Uppland (18 runestones) and Södermanland (7 runestones).", "Greece runestones __knowledge__ Most were inscribed in memory of members of the Varangian Guard who never returned home, but a few inscriptions mention men who returned with wealth, and a boulder in Ed was engraved on the orders of a former officer of the Guard.", "Viking metal __knowledge__ Viking metal is a style of heavy metal music characterized by a lyrical and thematic focus on Norse mythology, Norse paganism, and the Viking Age.", "Viking metal __knowledge__ Viking metal is quite diverse as a musical style, to the point where some consider it more a cross-genre term than a genre, but it is typically seen as black metal with influences from Nordic folk music.", "Viking metal __knowledge__ Common traits include a slow-paced and heavy riffing style, anthemic choruses, use of both sung and harsh vocals, a reliance on folk instrumentation, and often the use of keyboards for atmospheric effect.", "Viking metal __knowledge__ Viking metal emerged from black metal during the late 1980s and early 1990s, sharing with black metal an opposition to Christianity, but rejecting Satanism and occult themes in favor of the Vikings and paganism.", "Scandinavian Scotland __knowledge__ Scandinavian Scotland refers to the period from the 8th to the 15th centuries during which Vikings and Norse settlers, mainly Norwegians and to a lesser extent other Scandinavians, and their descendents colonised parts of what is now the periphery of modern Scotland.", "Scandinavian Scotland __knowledge__ Viking influence in the area commenced in the late 8th century, and hostility between the Scandinavian Earls of Orkney and the emerging thalassocracy of the Kingdom of the Isles, the rulers of Ireland, Dál Riata and Alba, and intervention by the crown of Norway were recurring themes.", "Scandinavian Scotland __knowledge__ Scandinavian-held territories included the Northern Isles of Orkney and Shetland, the Hebrides, the islands of the Firth of Clyde and associated mainland territories including Caithness and Sutherland.", "Viking raid warfare and tactics __knowledge__ Vikings were members of tribes, originally from Scandinavia, of Norse ancestry, who gained a reputation for their raids and piracy in many parts of Europe, especially England, Ireland, and Frankish territories.", "Viking raid warfare and tactics __knowledge__ The term \"Viking Age\" refers to the period roughly from 793 AD to the late 11th century in Europe.", "Viking raid warfare and tactics __knowledge__ In this era Viking activity started with raids on Christian lands in England and eventually expanded to mainland Europe, including parts of present-day Russia.", "Viking raid warfare and tactics __knowledge__ While maritime battles were rare, Viking bands proved very successful in raiding coastal towns and monasteries due to their efficient warships, and intimidating war tactics, skilful hand-to-hand combat, and fearlessness.", "Manx runestones __knowledge__ The Manx runestones were made by the Norse population on the Isle of Man during the Viking Age, mostly in the 10th century.", "Manx runestones __knowledge__ Despite its small size, the Isle of Man stands out with many Viking Age runestones, in 1983 numbering as many as 26 surviving stones, which can be compared to 33 in all of Norway.", "Manx runestones __knowledge__ So many of them may appear on the Isle of Man because of the merging of the immigrant Norse runestone tradition with the local Celtic tradition of raising high crosses.", "Manx runestones __knowledge__ In addition, the church contributed by not condemning the runes as pagan, but instead it encouraged the recording of people for Christian purposes." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Vikings __knowledge__ Vikings (Old English: \"wicing\"—\"pirate\", Danish and ; Swedish and ; , from Old Norse) were Norse seafarers, mainly speaking the Old Norse language, who raided and traded from their Northern European homelands across wide areas of northern, central, eastern and western Europe, during the late 8th to late 11th centuries.", "Vikings __knowledge__ The term is also commonly extended in modern English and other vernaculars to the inhabitants of Viking home communities during what has become known as the Viking Age.", "Vikings __knowledge__ This period of Nordic military, mercantile and demographic expansion constitutes an important element in the early medieval history of Scandinavia, Estonia, the British Isles, France, Kievan Rus' and Sicily.", "Vikings __knowledge__ Facilitated by advanced sailing and navigational skills, and characterised by the longship, Viking activities at times also extended into the Mediterranean littoral, North Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia.", "Vikings __knowledge__ Following extended phases of (primarily sea- or river-borne) exploration, expansion and settlement, Viking (Norse) communities and polities were established in diverse areas of north-western Europe, European Russia, the North Atlantic islands and as far as the north-eastern coast of North America.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton, the nominee of the Democratic Party for president of the United States in 2016, has taken positions on political issues while serving as First Lady of Arkansas (1979–81; 1983–92), First Lady of the United States (1993–2001); as U.S.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Senator from New York (2001–2009); and serving as the United States Secretary of State (2009–2013).", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In accordance with longstanding custom, during her time as Secretary of State she largely avoided taking stances on most domestic political issues.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In 2015, she announced her candidacy for the presidency.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Clinton won the Democratic primaries and formally became the party's nominee at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945) __knowledge__ The Blockade of Germany (1939–1945), also known as the Economic War, was carried out during World War II by the United Kingdom and France in order to restrict the supplies of minerals, metals, food and textiles needed by Nazi Germany - and later Fascist Italy - in order to sustain their war efforts.", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945) __knowledge__ The economic war consisted mainly of a naval blockade which formed part of the wider Battle of the Atlantic, and included the preclusive buying of war materials from neutral countries to prevent their sale to the enemy.", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945) __knowledge__ There were four distinct phases of the blockade.", "Blockade of Germany (1939–1945) __knowledge__ The first period was from the beginning of European hostilities in September 1939 to the end of the \"Phoney War,\" during which the Allies and Axis Powers both intercepted neutral merchant ships to seize deliveries en route to the enemy.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ South African labour law regulates the relationship between employers, employees and trade unions in the Republic of South Africa.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ The Native Labour Regulations Act 1911 prohibited strikes by trade unions, introduced wage ceilings and a pass system for moving around jobs.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Over 70,000 Chinese labourers were brought in, and used by landowners to undercut the wages of other workers.", "South African labour law __knowledge__ Among white workers, there was significant unrest, and major strikes took place in 1907, 1913, 1914 and 1922 For a period of sixteen years, from 1979 to 1995, several critical developments occurred in the field of labour law in South Africa, beginning with a radical change in the first of these years, when a significant Commission of Enquiry was held, resulting in the establishment of an Industrial Court, which was given extensive powers to mould, change, shape and develop the law.", "Law of value __knowledge__ The law of value (German: \"Wertgesetz\") is a central concept in Karl Marx's critique of political economy, first expounded in his polemic \"The Poverty of Philosophy\" (1847) against Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, with reference to David Ricardo's economics.", "Law of value __knowledge__ Most generally, it refers to a regulative principle of the economic exchange of the products of human work: the relative exchange-values of those products in trade, usually expressed by money-prices, are proportional to the average amounts of human labor-time which are currently socially necessary to produce them.", "Law of value __knowledge__ Thus, the fluctuating exchange value of commodities (exchangeable products) is regulated by their value, where the magnitude of their value is determined by the average quantity of human labour which is currently socially necessary to produce them (see labor theory of value and value-form).", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Roman conquest of Hispania __knowledge__ The Roman conquest of Hispania was a process by which the Roman Republic seized the Carthaginian territories in the south and east in 206 BC (during the Second Punic War) and then gradually extended control over most of the Iberian Peninsula without annexations.", "Roman conquest of Hispania __knowledge__ It was completed after the fall of the Republic (27 BC), by Augustus, the first Roman emperor, who annexed the whole of Hispania to the Roman Empire in 19 BC.", "Roman conquest of Hispania __knowledge__ Hispania was the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula.", "Roman conquest of Hispania __knowledge__ The peninsula had various ethnic groups and a large number of tribes.", "Roman conquest of Hispania __knowledge__ This process started with the Roman acquisition of the former Carthaginian territories in southern Hispania and along the east coast as a result of defeating the Carthaginians (206 BC) during the Second Punic War (218–201 BC), leading to them leaving the peninsula.", "The Long Ships __knowledge__ The Long Ships or Red Orm (original Swedish: Röde Orm meaning \"Red Serpent\" or \"Red Snake\") is an adventure novel by the Swedish writer Frans G. Bengtsson.", "The Long Ships __knowledge__ The narrative is set in the late 10th century and follows the adventures of the Viking Röde Orm - Red Serpent, - called \"Red\" for his hair and his temper, a native of Scania.", "The Long Ships __knowledge__ The book portrays the political situation of Europe in the later Viking Age, Andalusia under Almanzor, Denmark under Harald Bluetooth, followed by the struggle between Eric the Victorious and Sweyn Forkbeard, Ireland under Brian Boru, England under Ethelred the Unready, and the Battle of Maldon, all before the backdrop of the gradual Christianisation of Scandinavia, contrasting the pragmatic Norse pagan outlook with the exclusiveness of Islam and Christianity.", "The Long Ships (film) __knowledge__ The Long Ships is a 1964 Anglo-Yugoslav adventure film shot in Technirama directed by Jack Cardiff and stars Richard Widmark, Sidney Poitier and Russ Tamblyn.", "The Long Ships (film) __knowledge__ The film was very loosely based on the Swedish novel \"The Long Ships\" by Frans G. Bengtsson (1941-1945), retaining little more than the title (of the English translation) and the Moorish settings of Orm's first voyage.", "The Long Ships (film) __knowledge__ Although the protagonist is named Rolfe, the film was released in Sweden with the title \"Röde Orm och de långa skeppen\" (Red Orm and the Long Ships), in a further attempt to exploit the popularity of the novel.", "The Long Ships (film) __knowledge__ It was also intended to capitalise on the success of recent Viking and Moorish dramas such as \"The Vikings\" (1958) and \"El Cid\" (1961) and was later followed by \"Alfred the Great\" (1969).", "Nautical fiction __knowledge__ Nautical fiction, frequently also naval fiction, sea fiction, naval adventure fiction or maritime fiction, is a genre of literature with a setting on or near the sea, that focuses on the human relationship to the sea and sea voyages and highlights nautical culture in these environments.", "Nautical fiction __knowledge__ The settings of nautical fiction vary greatly, including merchant ships, liners, naval ships, fishing vessels, life boats, etc., along with sea ports and fishing villages.", "Nautical fiction __knowledge__ When describing nautical fiction, scholars most frequently refer to novels, novellas, and short stories, sometimes under the name of sea novels or sea stories.", "Galley __knowledge__ Galleys were the warships used by the early Mediterranean naval powers, including the Greeks, Phoenicians and Romans.", "Galley __knowledge__ They remained the dominant types of vessels used for war and piracy in the Mediterranean Sea until the last decades of the 16th century.", "Galley __knowledge__ As warships, galleys carried various types of weapons throughout their long existence, including rams, catapults and cannons, but also relied on their large crews to overpower enemy vessels in boarding actions.", "Galley __knowledge__ They were the first ships to effectively use heavy cannons as anti-ship weapons.", "Galley __knowledge__ As highly efficient gun platforms they forced changes in the design of medieval seaside fortresses as well as refinement of sailing warships.", "Trireme __knowledge__ A trireme (; derived from Latin: \"trirēmis\" \"with three banks of oars\"; \"triērēs\", literally \"three-rower\") was an ancient vessel and a type of galley that was used by the ancient maritime civilizations of the Mediterranean, especially the Phoenicians, ancient Greeks and Romans.", "Trireme __knowledge__ The trireme derives its name from its three rows of oars, manned with one man per oar.", "Trireme __knowledge__ The early trireme was a development of the penteconter, an ancient warship with a single row of 25 oars on each side (i.e., a single-banked boat), and of the bireme (, \"diērēs\"), a warship with two banks of oars, of Phoenician origin.", "Viking raid warfare and tactics __knowledge__ Vikings were members of tribes, originally from Scandinavia, of Norse ancestry, who gained a reputation for their raids and piracy in many parts of Europe, especially England, Ireland, and Frankish territories.", "Viking raid warfare and tactics __knowledge__ The term \"Viking Age\" refers to the period roughly from 793 AD to the late 11th century in Europe.", "Viking raid warfare and tactics __knowledge__ In this era Viking activity started with raids on Christian lands in England and eventually expanded to mainland Europe, including parts of present-day Russia.", "Viking raid warfare and tactics __knowledge__ While maritime battles were rare, Viking bands proved very successful in raiding coastal towns and monasteries due to their efficient warships, and intimidating war tactics, skilful hand-to-hand combat, and fearlessness." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 4, 5 ]

[ "Some of my ancestors were Vikings, were Norse seafarers, mainly speaking the Old Norse language", "The late 11th century, It is also known as the Viking Age", "Well they are famous for their long ships they used them to cross the mediterranean.", "If I recall, xploration, expansion and settlement, Viking (Norse) communities and polities were established in diverse areas of north-western Europe" ]

[ "Vikings", "Vikings", "Vikings", "Vikings" ]

[ "Hippopotamus\nhow do you feel about the animal the hippopotamus", "i definitely was not aware of that", "that is a random fact for you to know. have you seen a hippo in person?", "well that is a coincidence with such a random topic" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hippopotamus __knowledge__ The common hippopotamus (\"Hippopotamus amphibius\"), or hippo, is a large, mostly herbivorous, semiaquatic mammal native to sub-Saharan Africa, and one of only two extant species in the family Hippopotamidae, the other being the pygmy hippopotamus (\"Choeropsis liberiensis\" or \"Hexaprotodon liberiensis\").", "Hippopotamus __knowledge__ The name comes from the ancient Greek for \"river horse\" ().", "Hippopotamus __knowledge__ After the elephant and rhinoceros, the common hippopotamus is the third-largest type of land mammal and the heaviest extant artiodactyl.", "Hippopotamus __knowledge__ Despite their physical resemblance to pigs and other terrestrial even-toed ungulates, the closest living relatives of the Hippopotamidae are cetaceans (whales, dolphins, porpoises, etc.)", "Hippopotamus __knowledge__ from which they diverged about .", "Hippopotamus __knowledge__ Common hippos are recognisable by their barrel-shaped torsos, wide-opening mouths revealing large canine tusks, nearly hairless bodies, columnar legs and large size; adults average and for males and females respectively.", "Hippopotamus __knowledge__ Despite its stocky shape and short legs, it is capable of running over short distances.", "Hippopotamus __knowledge__ The common hippopotamus inhabits rivers, lakes and mangrove swamps, where territorial bulls preside over a stretch of river and groups of five to thirty females and young.", "Pygmy hippopotamus __knowledge__ The pygmy hippopotamus (\"Choeropsis liberiensis\" or \"Hexaprotodon liberiensis\") is a small hippopotamid which is native to the forests and swamps of West Africa, primarily in Liberia, with small populations in Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Ivory Coast.", "Pygmy hippopotamus __knowledge__ The pygmy hippo is reclusive and nocturnal.", "Pygmy hippopotamus __knowledge__ It is one of only two extant species in the family Hippopotamidae, the other being its much larger relative, the common hippopotamus (\"Hippopotamus amphibius\").", "Pygmy hippopotamus __knowledge__ The pygmy hippopotamus displays many terrestrial adaptations, but like the hippo, it is semiaquatic and relies on water to keep its skin moist and its body temperature cool.", "Malagasy hippopotamus __knowledge__ Several species of Malagasy hippopotamus (also known as Malagasy dwarf hippopotamus or Malagasy pygmy hippopotamus or Madagascan instead of Malagasy) lived on the island of Madagascar but are now believed to be extinct.", "Malagasy hippopotamus __knowledge__ The animals were very similar to the extant hippopotamus and pygmy hippopotamus.", "Malagasy hippopotamus __knowledge__ The fossil record suggests that at least one species of hippopotamus lived until about 1,000 years ago, and other evidence suggests that the species may have survived until much more recently.", "Malagasy hippopotamus __knowledge__ The taxonomy of these animals is not resolved and not widely studied.", "Malagasy hippopotamus __knowledge__ The various species are believed to have survived into the Holocene era.", "Taweret __knowledge__ In Ancient Egyptian religion, Taweret (also spelled Taurt, Tuat, Taouris, Tuart, Ta-weret, Tawaret, Twert, and Taueret, and in Greek, Θουέρις \"Thouéris\" and Toeris) is the protective ancient Egyptian goddess of childbirth and fertility.", "Taweret __knowledge__ The name \"Taweret\" (\"Tȝ-wrt\") means \"she who is great\" or simply \"great one\", a common pacificatory address to dangerous deities.", "Taweret __knowledge__ The deity is typically depicted as a bipedal female hippopotamus with feline attributes, pendulous female human breasts, and the back of a Nile crocodile.", "Taweret __knowledge__ She commonly bears the epithets \"Lady of Heaven\", \"Mistress of the Horizon\", \"She Who Removes Water\", \"Mistress of Pure Water\", and \"Lady of the Birth House\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Hunting, fishing and animals in ancient Egypt __knowledge__ The ancient Egyptian culture is full of rich traditions and practices that until today we keep on learning about.", "Hunting, fishing and animals in ancient Egypt __knowledge__ Wildlife in ancient Egypt used to be very different compared to the wildlife currently present in Egypt for several factors and variables.", "Hunting, fishing and animals in ancient Egypt __knowledge__ Animals like elephants, rhinoceros, crocodiles and hippopotamus used to live in different parts of Egypt, however these animals do not exist in Egypt today.", "Hunting, fishing and animals in ancient Egypt __knowledge__ Animals were very much appreciated and played a big deal in Egyptian history; even some gods were represented as animals; as Hathor the goddess of fertility, love and beauty was represented as a cow.", "Cyprus dwarf hippopotamus __knowledge__ The Cyprus dwarf hippopotamus or Cypriot pygmy hippopotamus (\"Hippopotamus minor\") is an extinct species of hippopotamus that inhabited the island of Cyprus until the early Holocene.", "Cyprus dwarf hippopotamus __knowledge__ The 200-kilogram (440-lb) Cyprus dwarf hippo was roughly the same size as the extant pygmy hippopotamus.", "Cyprus dwarf hippopotamus __knowledge__ Unlike the modern pygmy hippo, the Cyprus dwarf became small through the process of insular dwarfism.", "Cyprus dwarf hippopotamus __knowledge__ This same process is believed to cause the dwarfism found in some dwarf elephants, the pygmy mammoth, and \"Homo floresiensis\".", "Cyprus dwarf hippopotamus __knowledge__ The animal is estimated to have measured 76 cm tall and 121 cm long.", "Cyprus dwarf hippopotamus __knowledge__ \"H. minor\" is the smallest hippopotamus of all known insular hippopotamuses." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hippopotamus __knowledge__ The common hippopotamus (\"Hippopotamus amphibius\"), or hippo, is a large, mostly herbivorous, semiaquatic mammal native to sub-Saharan Africa, and one of only two extant species in the family Hippopotamidae, the other being the pygmy hippopotamus (\"Choeropsis liberiensis\" or \"Hexaprotodon liberiensis\").", "Hippopotamus __knowledge__ The name comes from the ancient Greek for \"river horse\" ().", "Hippopotamus __knowledge__ After the elephant and rhinoceros, the common hippopotamus is the third-largest type of land mammal and the heaviest extant artiodactyl.", "Hippopotamus __knowledge__ Despite their physical resemblance to pigs and other terrestrial even-toed ungulates, the closest living relatives of the Hippopotamidae are cetaceans (whales, dolphins, porpoises, etc.)", "Hippopotamus __knowledge__ from which they diverged about .", "Hippopotamus __knowledge__ Common hippos are recognisable by their barrel-shaped torsos, wide-opening mouths revealing large canine tusks, nearly hairless bodies, columnar legs and large size; adults average and for males and females respectively.", "Hippopotamus __knowledge__ Despite its stocky shape and short legs, it is capable of running over short distances.", "Hippopotamus __knowledge__ The common hippopotamus inhabits rivers, lakes and mangrove swamps, where territorial bulls preside over a stretch of river and groups of five to thirty females and young.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "Definitely Maybe __knowledge__ Definitely Maybe is the debut studio album by English rock band Oasis, released on 29 August 1994 by Creation Records.", "Definitely Maybe __knowledge__ It was an immediate commercial and critical success in the UK, having followed on the heels of singles \"Supersonic\", \"Shakermaker\" and \"Live Forever\".", "Definitely Maybe __knowledge__ It is their only full album to feature original drummer Tony McCarroll.", "Definitely Maybe __knowledge__ \"Definitely Maybe\" went straight to number one in the UK Albums Chart on initial release.", "Definitely Maybe __knowledge__ It was the fastest selling debut album of all time in the UK when it was released and went on to be certified 7× Platinum (2.1 million+ sales) by the BPI.", "Definitely Maybe __knowledge__ \"Definitely Maybe\" marked the beginning of Oasis' success in America, selling over one million copies there, despite only peaking at 58 on the \"Billboard\" 200.", "List of The Southern Vampire Mysteries characters __knowledge__ This is a listing of significant characters in Charlaine Harris's \"The Southern Vampire Mysteries\" / Sookie Stackhouse novels only.", "List of The Southern Vampire Mysteries characters __knowledge__ HBO created a television series called \"True Blood\" based on the novels.", "List of The Southern Vampire Mysteries characters __knowledge__ Sookie is the main character of \"The Southern Vampire Mysteries\", and resides in the fictional town of Bon Temps, in rural, northern Louisiana.", "List of The Southern Vampire Mysteries characters __knowledge__ In the first novel, \"Dead Until Dark\", she describes herself as being 25 years old, with blond hair and blue eyes.", "List of The Southern Vampire Mysteries characters __knowledge__ She also states: “my legs are strong and my bosom is substantial, and I have a waspy waistline”.", "List of The Southern Vampire Mysteries characters __knowledge__ She is written to wear a ladies size 8-10, most of the time a 10.", "Javon Ringer __knowledge__ Javon Eugene Ringer (born February 2, 1987) is an American football running back who last played for the Tennessee Titans of the National Football League (NFL).", "Javon Ringer __knowledge__ He played college football for Michigan State University, and was drafted in the fifth round of the 2009 NFL draft.", "Javon Ringer __knowledge__ Ringer attended Chaminade-Julienne High School where he set school and state records.", "Javon Ringer __knowledge__ In college, he achieved many awards.", "Javon Ringer __knowledge__ In 2005, he earned honorable mention Freshman All-America status from \"The Sporting News\".", "Javon Ringer __knowledge__ He was also named to \"The Sporting News\" Big Ten All-Freshman Team.", "Javon Ringer __knowledge__ In 2006, he earned the Biggie Munn Award, an award given to the team's most inspirational player.", "Madeline Reeves __knowledge__ Madeline Reeves is a fictional character on the long-running ABC daytime soap opera \"General Hospital\", portrayed by Donna Mills, who made her appearance on the March 14, 2014, episode.", "Madeline Reeves __knowledge__ The casting was announced in January 2014.", "Madeline Reeves __knowledge__ Madeline was introduced as the estranged mother-in-law of Dr. Silas Clay (Michael Easton) and mother of Silas' comatose wife Nina (Michelle Stafford) and, biological aunt of Nathan West (Ryan Paevey) — whom she raised as her own.", "Madeline Reeves __knowledge__ Madeline is also revealed to be the estranged sister of established character Dr. Liesl Obrecht (Kathleen Gati) having remade herself.", "Madeline Reeves __knowledge__ Mills wrapped her initial stint in May 2014.", "Harry Tressler __knowledge__ Harry Tressler is a fictional character from the BBC medical drama \"Holby City\", played by Jules Knight.", "Harry Tressler __knowledge__ He first appeared in the fifteenth series episode \"The More Deceived\", broadcast on 14 May 2013.", "Harry Tressler __knowledge__ Harry was introduced as a CT1, later progressing to CT3.", "Harry Tressler __knowledge__ Knight's casting was announced in January 2013.", "Harry Tressler __knowledge__ He auditioned four times, with the producers taking two and a half months to choose him for the part.", "Harry Tressler __knowledge__ To help prepare for the role, Knight shadowed a surgeon and watched a laparotomy.", "Harry Tressler __knowledge__ In February 2015, it was announced that Knight had quit the show in order to concentrate on the release of his first solo record.", "Sarah Potts (Shortland Street) __knowledge__ Dr. Sarah Marjorie Potts is a fictional character on the New Zealand soap opera \"Shortland Street\", who was portrayed by Amanda Billing from her first appearance in September 2004 until the character's on-screen death in August 2014.", "Sarah Potts (Shortland Street) __knowledge__ Arriving as a love interest for established character, Craig (Renato Bartolomei), Sarah became the centre of a high-profile storyline when it was revealed her young brother Daniel (Jarred Blakiston) was in fact her illegitimate son.", "Sarah Potts (Shortland Street) __knowledge__ Sarah and Craig's romance carried on for four years and climaxed in what has been described as \"\"Shortland Street's\" steamiest ever scene.\"", "Ancient Greece __knowledge__ Ancient Greece was a civilization belonging to a period of Greek history from the Greek Dark Ages of the 13th–9th centuries BC to the end of antiquity ( AD).", "Ancient Greece __knowledge__ Immediately following this period was the beginning of the Early Middle Ages and the Byzantine era.", "Ancient Greece __knowledge__ Roughly three centuries after the Late Bronze Age collapse of Mycenaean Greece, Greek urban poleis began to form in the 8th century BC, ushering in the period of Archaic Greece and colonization of the Mediterranean Basin.", "Ancient Greece __knowledge__ This was followed by the period of Classical Greece, an era that began with the Greco-Persian Wars, lasting from the 5th to 4th centuries BC.", "Shambhala Training __knowledge__ Shambhala Training is a secular approach to meditation developed by Tibetan Buddhist teacher Chogyam Trungpa and his students.", "Shambhala Training __knowledge__ It is based on what Trungpa calls Shambhala Vision, which sees enlightened society as not purely mythical, but as realizable by people of all faiths through practices of mindfulness/awareness, non-aggression, and sacred outlook.", "Shambhala Training __knowledge__ He writes: The Shambhala Training teachings cover art, society, and politics and the goal of creating an enlightened society.", "Shambhala Training __knowledge__ That goal is presented as not solely a social and political process, but one requiring individuals to develop an awareness of the basic goodness and inherent dignity of themselves, of others, and of the everyday details of the world around them.", "Troilus __knowledge__ Troilus ( ; ; ) is a legendary character associated with the story of the Trojan War.", "Troilus __knowledge__ The first surviving reference to him is in Homer's \"Iliad\", which some scholars theorize that was composed by bards and sung in the late 9th or 8th century BC.", "Troilus __knowledge__ In Greek mythology, Troilus is a young Trojan prince, one of the sons of King Priam (or Apollo) and Hecuba.", "Troilus __knowledge__ Prophecies link Troilus' fate to that of Troy and so he is ambushed and murdered by Achilles.", "Troilus __knowledge__ Sophocles was one of the writers to tell this tale.", "Troilus __knowledge__ It was also a popular theme among artists of the time.", "Troilus __knowledge__ Ancient writers treated Troilus as the epitome of a dead child mourned by his parents.", "Ancient Macedonians __knowledge__ The Macedonians (, \"Makedónes\") were an ancient tribe that lived on the alluvial plain around the rivers Haliacmon and lower Axios in the northeastern part of mainland Greece.", "Ancient Macedonians __knowledge__ Essentially an ancient Greek people, they gradually expanded from their homeland along the Haliacmon valley on the northern edge of the Greek world, absorbing or driving out neighbouring non-Greek tribes, primarily Thracian and Illyrian.", "Ancient Macedonians __knowledge__ They spoke a Hellenic language, although the \"lingua franca\" of the region was at first Attic Greek and then Koine Greek.", "Ancient Macedonians __knowledge__ Their religious beliefs mirrored those of other Greeks, following the main deities of the Greek pantheon, although the Macedonians continued Archaic burial practices that had ceased in other parts of Greece after the 6th century BC.", "Names of the Greeks __knowledge__ The Greeks () have been identified by many ethnonyms.", "Names of the Greeks __knowledge__ The most common native ethnonym is \"Hellen\" (), pl.", "Names of the Greeks __knowledge__ Hellenes (); the name \"Greeks\" (Latin: \"Graeci\") was used by the Ancient Romans and gradually entered the European languages through its use in Latin.", "Names of the Greeks __knowledge__ The mythological patriarch \"Hellen\" is the named progenitor of the Greek peoples; his descendants the Aeolians, Dorians, Achaeans and Ionians correspond to the main Greek tribes and to the main dialects spoken in Greece and Asia Minor (Anatolia).", "Names of the Greeks __knowledge__ Among his descendants are also mentioned the Graeci and the Makedones.", "Names of the Greeks __knowledge__ The first Greek-speaking people, called Myceneans or Mycenean-Achaeans by historians, entered present-day Greece sometime in the Neolithic era or the Bronze Age.", "Greece __knowledge__ Greece (), officially the Hellenic Republic (), historically also known as Hellas, is a country in Southern Europe, with a population of approximately /1e6 round 0 million as of .", "Greece __knowledge__ Athens is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Thessaloniki.", "Greece __knowledge__ Greece is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa.", "Greece __knowledge__ Situated on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula, it shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the northeast.", "Greece __knowledge__ The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland, the Ionian Sea to the west, the Cretan Sea and the Mediterranean Sea to the south.", "Wind Horse __knowledge__ The wind horse is an allegory for the human soul in the shamanistic tradition of East Asia and Central Asia.", "Wind Horse __knowledge__ In Tibetan Buddhism, it was included as the pivotal element in the center of the four animals symbolizing the cardinal directions and a symbol of the idea of well-being or good fortune.", "Wind Horse __knowledge__ It has also given the name to a type of prayer flag that has the five animals printed on it.", "Wind Horse __knowledge__ Depending on the language, the symbol has slightly different names.", "Wind Horse __knowledge__ In Tibet, a distinction was made between Buddhism (, literally \"divine dharma\") and folk religion (, \"human dharma\").", "Wind Horse __knowledge__ Windhorse was predominantly a feature of the folk culture, a \"mundane notion of the layman rather than a Buddhist religious ideal,\" as Tibetan scholar Samten G. Karmay explains." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hippopotamus __knowledge__ The common hippopotamus (\"Hippopotamus amphibius\"), or hippo, is a large, mostly herbivorous, semiaquatic mammal native to sub-Saharan Africa, and one of only two extant species in the family Hippopotamidae, the other being the pygmy hippopotamus (\"Choeropsis liberiensis\" or \"Hexaprotodon liberiensis\").", "Hippopotamus __knowledge__ The name comes from the ancient Greek for \"river horse\" ().", "Hippopotamus __knowledge__ After the elephant and rhinoceros, the common hippopotamus is the third-largest type of land mammal and the heaviest extant artiodactyl.", "Hippopotamus __knowledge__ Despite their physical resemblance to pigs and other terrestrial even-toed ungulates, the closest living relatives of the Hippopotamidae are cetaceans (whales, dolphins, porpoises, etc.)", "Hippopotamus __knowledge__ from which they diverged about .", "Hippopotamus __knowledge__ Common hippos are recognisable by their barrel-shaped torsos, wide-opening mouths revealing large canine tusks, nearly hairless bodies, columnar legs and large size; adults average and for males and females respectively.", "Hippopotamus __knowledge__ Despite its stocky shape and short legs, it is capable of running over short distances.", "Hippopotamus __knowledge__ The common hippopotamus inhabits rivers, lakes and mangrove swamps, where territorial bulls preside over a stretch of river and groups of five to thirty females and young.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Christian theology __knowledge__ Christian theology is the theology of Christian belief and practice.", "Christian theology __knowledge__ Such study concentrates primarily upon the texts of the Old Testament and of the New Testament, as well as on Christian tradition.", "Christian theology __knowledge__ Christian theologians use biblical exegesis, rational analysis and argument.", "Christian theology __knowledge__ Theologians may undertake Christian theology in order: or for a variety of other reasons.", "Christian theology __knowledge__ Systematic theology as a discipline of Christian theology formulates an orderly, rational and coherent account of Christian faith and beliefs.", "Christian theology __knowledge__ Systematic theology draws on the foundational sacred texts of Christianity, while simultaneously investigating the development of Christian doctrine over the course of history, particularly through philosophical evolution.", "Augustine of Hippo __knowledge__ Augustine of Hippo (; 13 November 354 – 28 August 430) was an early Roman African Christian theologian and philosopher from the Roman province of Africa whose writings influenced the development of Western Christianity and Western philosophy.", "Augustine of Hippo __knowledge__ He was the bishop of Hippo Regius in north Africa and is viewed as one of the most important Church Fathers in Western Christianity for his writings in the Patristic Era.", "Augustine of Hippo __knowledge__ Among his most important works are \"The City of God\", \"On Christian Doctrine\" and \"Confessions.\"", "Augustine of Hippo __knowledge__ According to his contemporary, Jerome, Augustine \"established anew the ancient Faith\".", "Augustine of Hippo __knowledge__ In his early years, he was influenced by Manichaeism and afterward by the neo-Platonism of Plotinus.", "Hippo (comics) __knowledge__ Hippo is the name of a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Hippo (comics) __knowledge__ Hippo first appeared in \"Dark Reign: The Sinister Spider-Man\" #1 and was created by Brian Reed, Chris Bachalo, and Tim Townsend.", "Hippo (comics) __knowledge__ Hippo is an ordinary zoo hippopotamus named \"Mrs. Fluffy Lumpkins\" (this was the name given to the hippopotamus despite the fact that it was a male) who was turned into a humanoid version of himself by the High Evolutionary.", "Hippo (comics) __knowledge__ While on a crime spree upon being unable to find work in this form, he had his left leg eaten by Venom (who was masquerading as Spider-Man during the time when he was a member of the Dark Avengers).", "Pygmy hippopotamus __knowledge__ The pygmy hippopotamus (\"Choeropsis liberiensis\" or \"Hexaprotodon liberiensis\") is a small hippopotamid which is native to the forests and swamps of West Africa, primarily in Liberia, with small populations in Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Ivory Coast.", "Pygmy hippopotamus __knowledge__ The pygmy hippo is reclusive and nocturnal.", "Pygmy hippopotamus __knowledge__ It is one of only two extant species in the family Hippopotamidae, the other being its much larger relative, the common hippopotamus (\"Hippopotamus amphibius\").", "Pygmy hippopotamus __knowledge__ The pygmy hippopotamus displays many terrestrial adaptations, but like the hippo, it is semiaquatic and relies on water to keep its skin moist and its body temperature cool.", "King Hippo __knowledge__ King Hippo was originally created by \"Punch-Out!!\"", "King Hippo __knowledge__ character designer M. Wada.", "King Hippo __knowledge__ His most recent appearance was illustrated by art director Eddie Visser.", "King Hippo __knowledge__ King Hippo's face and girth resemble that of a hippopotamus, hence his name.", "King Hippo __knowledge__ He is an obese man from the fictional Hippo Island (not hailing from the real, sub-Antarctic Hippo Island).", "King Hippo __knowledge__ His age, weight, and height are all unknown.", "King Hippo __knowledge__ He is often depicted wearing a crown.", "King Hippo __knowledge__ He has tanned skin (blue skin in \"\") and a large mouth.", "King Hippo __knowledge__ In the video game, he guards his belly while punching and blocking.", "King Hippo __knowledge__ When he opens his mouth and pulls one fist back, the player's character, Little Mac, can punch him in the face to stun him briefly and make him drop his guard.", "Greeks __knowledge__ The Greeks or Hellenes (, \"Éllines\" ) are an ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Albania, Italy, Turkey, Egypt and, to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea.", "Greeks __knowledge__ They also form a significant diaspora, with Greek communities established around the world.", "Greeks __knowledge__ Greek colonies and communities have been historically established on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea, but the Greek people have always been centered on the Aegean and Ionian seas, where the Greek language has been spoken since the Bronze Age.", "Greeks __knowledge__ Until the early 20th century, Greeks were distributed between the Greek peninsula, the western coast of Asia Minor, the Black Sea coast, Cappadocia in central Anatolia, Egypt, the Balkans, Cyprus, and Constantinople.", "History of Greece __knowledge__ The history of Greece encompasses the history of the territory of the modern nation-state of Greece, as well as that of the Greek people and the areas they inhabited and ruled historically.", "History of Greece __knowledge__ The scope of Greek habitation and rule has varied throughout the ages, and, as a result, the history of Greece is similarly elastic in what it includes.", "History of Greece __knowledge__ Generally, the history of Greece is divided into the following periods: At its cultural and geographical peak, Greek civilization spread from Greece to Egypt and to the Hindu Kush mountains in Afghanistan.", "History of Greece __knowledge__ Since then, Greek minorities have remained in former Greek territories (e.g.", "Empire and Communications __knowledge__ Empire and Communications is a book published in 1950 by University of Toronto professor Harold Innis.", "Empire and Communications __knowledge__ It is based on six lectures Innis delivered at Oxford University in 1948.", "Empire and Communications __knowledge__ The series, known as the Beit Lectures, was dedicated to exploring British imperial history.", "Empire and Communications __knowledge__ Innis however, decided to undertake a sweeping historical survey of how communications media influence the rise and fall of empires.", "Empire and Communications __knowledge__ He traced the effects of media such as stone, clay, papyrus, parchment and paper from ancient to modern times.", "Empire and Communications __knowledge__ Innis argued that the \"bias\" of each medium either toward space or toward time helps determine the nature of the civilization in which that medium dominates.", "Greek mythology __knowledge__ Greek mythology is the body of myths and teachings that belong to the ancient Greeks, concerning their gods and heroes, the nature of the world, and the origins and significance of their own cult and ritual practices.", "Greek mythology __knowledge__ It was a part of the religion in ancient Greece.", "Greek mythology __knowledge__ Modern scholars refer to and study the myths in an attempt to shed light on the religious and political institutions of ancient Greece and its civilization, and to gain understanding of the nature of myth-making itself.", "Greek mythology __knowledge__ Greek mythology has had an extensive influence on the culture, arts, and literature of Western civilization and remains part of Western heritage and language.", "Greece __knowledge__ Greece (), officially the Hellenic Republic (), historically also known as Hellas, is a country in Southern Europe, with a population of approximately /1e6 round 0 million as of .", "Greece __knowledge__ Athens is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by Thessaloniki.", "Greece __knowledge__ Greece is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa.", "Greece __knowledge__ Situated on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula, it shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north, and Turkey to the northeast.", "Greece __knowledge__ The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland, the Ionian Sea to the west, the Cretan Sea and the Mediterranean Sea to the south.", "Ancient Greek architecture __knowledge__ The architecture of ancient Greece is the architecture produced by the Greek-speaking people (\"Hellenic\" people) whose culture flourished on the Greek mainland, the Peloponnese, the Aegean Islands, and in colonies in Anatolia and Italy for a period from about 900 BC until the 1st century AD, with the earliest remaining architectural works dating from around 600 BC.", "Ancient Greek architecture __knowledge__ Ancient Greek architecture is best known from its temples, many of which are found throughout the region, mostly as ruins but many substantially intact.", "Ancient Greek architecture __knowledge__ The second important type of building that survives all over the Hellenic world is the open-air theatre, with the earliest dating from around 525-480 BC.", "Ancient history __knowledge__ Ancient history is the aggregate of past events from the beginning of recorded human history and extending as far as the Early Middle Ages or the Postclassical Era.", "Ancient history __knowledge__ The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 years, beginning with Sumerian Cuneiform script, the oldest discovered form of coherent writing from the protoliterate period around the 30th century BC.", "Ancient history __knowledge__ The term classical antiquity is often used to refer to history in the Old World from the beginning of recorded Greek history in 776 BC (First Olympiad).", "Ancient history __knowledge__ This roughly coincides with the traditional date of the founding of Rome in 753 BC, the beginning of the history of ancient Rome, and the beginning of the Archaic period in Ancient Greece." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Hippopotamus __knowledge__ The common hippopotamus (\"Hippopotamus amphibius\"), or hippo, is a large, mostly herbivorous, semiaquatic mammal native to sub-Saharan Africa, and one of only two extant species in the family Hippopotamidae, the other being the pygmy hippopotamus (\"Choeropsis liberiensis\" or \"Hexaprotodon liberiensis\").", "Hippopotamus __knowledge__ The name comes from the ancient Greek for \"river horse\" ().", "Hippopotamus __knowledge__ After the elephant and rhinoceros, the common hippopotamus is the third-largest type of land mammal and the heaviest extant artiodactyl.", "Hippopotamus __knowledge__ Despite their physical resemblance to pigs and other terrestrial even-toed ungulates, the closest living relatives of the Hippopotamidae are cetaceans (whales, dolphins, porpoises, etc.)", "Hippopotamus __knowledge__ from which they diverged about .", "Hippopotamus __knowledge__ Common hippos are recognisable by their barrel-shaped torsos, wide-opening mouths revealing large canine tusks, nearly hairless bodies, columnar legs and large size; adults average and for males and females respectively.", "Hippopotamus __knowledge__ Despite its stocky shape and short legs, it is capable of running over short distances.", "Hippopotamus __knowledge__ The common hippopotamus inhabits rivers, lakes and mangrove swamps, where territorial bulls preside over a stretch of river and groups of five to thirty females and young.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The following is a list of recurring games, sketches, and other comedy routines from the NBC late night talk show \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", and its predecessor, \"Late Night with Jimmy Fallon\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ The sketches feature host Jimmy Fallon, house band The Roots, announcer/sidekick Steve Higgins, the show's writers, celebrity guests, and audience members.", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Most of the skits below appeared only on \"Late Night\", while some have carried over to the \"Tonight Show\".", "List of Jimmy Fallon games and sketches __knowledge__ Every Tuesday on the show, Jimmy weighs the pros and cons of a topic that's currently in the news, with the pros being the setups and the cons being the punchlines.", "C4 (New Zealand) __knowledge__ C4 was a New Zealand television channel owned and operated by MediaWorks New Zealand.", "C4 (New Zealand) __knowledge__ C4 was available on both digital terrestrial and satellite platforms and played music around the clock and had some speciality music shows such as \"HomeGrown\" (New Zealand music show), \"Video Hits\" and \"Biggest Records Right Now\".", "C4 (New Zealand) __knowledge__ The channel was originally launched in 2003 as a re-branding of TV4 which had been broadcasting since 1997.", "C4 (New Zealand) __knowledge__ On 1 May 2010, as C4 had been moving away from music programming since 2008, the jukebox side was split off and was re-launched as C4 2.", "C4 (New Zealand) __knowledge__ C4 2 was only available on digital Freeview terrestrial and satellite platforms.", "Index of coincidence __knowledge__ In cryptography, coincidence counting is the technique (invented by William F. Friedman) of putting two texts side-by-side and counting the number of times that identical letters appear in the same position in both texts.", "Index of coincidence __knowledge__ This count, either as a ratio of the total or normalized by dividing by the expected count for a random source model, is known as the index of coincidence, or IC for short.", "Index of coincidence __knowledge__ The index of coincidence provides a measure of how likely it is to draw two matching letters by randomly selecting two letters from a given text.", "Index of coincidence __knowledge__ The chance of drawing a given letter in the text is (number of times that letter appears / length of the text).", "Stochastic process __knowledge__ In probability theory and related fields, a stochastic or random process is a mathematical object usually defined as a collection of random variables.", "Stochastic process __knowledge__ Historically, the random variables were associated with or indexed by a set of numbers, usually viewed as points in time, giving the interpretation of a stochastic process representing numerical values of some system randomly changing over time, such as the growth of a bacterial population, an electrical current fluctuating due to thermal noise, or the movement of a gas molecule.", "Stochastic process __knowledge__ Stochastic processes are widely used as mathematical models of systems and phenomena that appear to vary in a random manner.", "Henry Brewster Stanton __knowledge__ Henry Brewster Stanton (June 27, 1805 – January 14, 1887) was an American abolitionist, social reformer, attorney, journalist and politician.", "Henry Brewster Stanton __knowledge__ His writing was published in the \"New York Tribune,\" the \"New York Sun,\" and William Lloyd Garrison's \"Anti-Slavery Standard\" and \"The Liberator\".", "Henry Brewster Stanton __knowledge__ He was elected to the New York State Senate in 1850 and 1851.", "Henry Brewster Stanton __knowledge__ His wife, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, was a world renown leading figure of the early women's rights movement.", "Henry Brewster Stanton __knowledge__ Stanton was born in 1805 in Preston, Connecticut, the son of Joseph Stanton and Susan M. Brewster.", "Henry Brewster Stanton __knowledge__ His father manufactured woolen goods and traded with the West Indies.", "Random walk __knowledge__ A random walk is a mathematical object, known as a stochastic or random process, that describes a path that consists of a succession of random steps on some mathematical space such as the integers.", "Random walk __knowledge__ An elementary example of a random walk is the random walk on the integer number line, formula_1, which starts at 0 and at each step moves +1 or −1 with equal probability.", "Random walk __knowledge__ Other examples include the path traced by a molecule as it travels in a liquid or a gas, the search path of a foraging animal, the price of a fluctuating stock and the financial status of a gambler can all be approximated by random walk models, even though they may not be truly random in reality.", "Dirichlet-multinomial distribution __knowledge__ (X_i,X_j) = - n \\frac{\\alpha_i \\alpha_j}{(\\sum \\alpha_k)^2} \\left(\\frac{n+\\sum \\alpha_k}{1+\\sum \\alpha_k}\\right)~~(i\\neq j)|| In probability theory and statistics, the Dirichlet-multinomial distribution is a family of discrete multivariate probability distributions on a finite support of non-negative integers.", "Dirichlet-multinomial distribution __knowledge__ It is also called the Dirichlet compound multinomial distribution (DCM) or multivariate Pólya distribution (after George Pólya).", "Dirichlet-multinomial distribution __knowledge__ It is a compound probability distribution, where a probability vector p is drawn from a Dirichlet distribution with parameter vector formula_1, and an observation drawn from a multinomial distribution with probability vector p and number of trials \"n\".", "Pygmy hippopotamus __knowledge__ The pygmy hippopotamus (\"Choeropsis liberiensis\" or \"Hexaprotodon liberiensis\") is a small hippopotamid which is native to the forests and swamps of West Africa, primarily in Liberia, with small populations in Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Ivory Coast.", "Pygmy hippopotamus __knowledge__ The pygmy hippo is reclusive and nocturnal.", "Pygmy hippopotamus __knowledge__ It is one of only two extant species in the family Hippopotamidae, the other being its much larger relative, the common hippopotamus (\"Hippopotamus amphibius\").", "Pygmy hippopotamus __knowledge__ The pygmy hippopotamus displays many terrestrial adaptations, but like the hippo, it is semiaquatic and relies on water to keep its skin moist and its body temperature cool.", "Malagasy hippopotamus __knowledge__ Several species of Malagasy hippopotamus (also known as Malagasy dwarf hippopotamus or Malagasy pygmy hippopotamus or Madagascan instead of Malagasy) lived on the island of Madagascar but are now believed to be extinct.", "Malagasy hippopotamus __knowledge__ The animals were very similar to the extant hippopotamus and pygmy hippopotamus.", "Malagasy hippopotamus __knowledge__ The fossil record suggests that at least one species of hippopotamus lived until about 1,000 years ago, and other evidence suggests that the species may have survived until much more recently.", "Malagasy hippopotamus __knowledge__ The taxonomy of these animals is not resolved and not widely studied.", "Malagasy hippopotamus __knowledge__ The various species are believed to have survived into the Holocene era.", "Billy (pygmy hippo) __knowledge__ Billy, or William Johnson Hippopotamus, (1920s – October 11, 1955) was a pygmy hippopotamus given as a pet to U.S. President Calvin Coolidge.", "Billy (pygmy hippo) __knowledge__ Captured in Liberia, he was given to Coolidge by Harvey Samuel Firestone in 1927.", "Billy (pygmy hippo) __knowledge__ Billy spent most of his life in the National Zoo in Washington D.C..", "Billy (pygmy hippo) __knowledge__ In addition to his fame as an exotic presidential pet—which afforded him a trip to the 1939 New York World's Fair—Billy is also notable as the common ancestor to most pygmy hippos in American zoos.", "Billy (pygmy hippo) __knowledge__ By the time of his death in 1955, Billy had sired 23 calves, 13 of whom survived at least a year.", "Billy (pygmy hippo) __knowledge__ In 1927, Harvey Samuel Firestone, the founder of the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company, acquired Billy in Liberia, where he was captured on one of Firestone Tires' large plantations.", "Cyprus dwarf hippopotamus __knowledge__ The Cyprus dwarf hippopotamus or Cypriot pygmy hippopotamus (\"Hippopotamus minor\") is an extinct species of hippopotamus that inhabited the island of Cyprus until the early Holocene.", "Cyprus dwarf hippopotamus __knowledge__ The 200-kilogram (440-lb) Cyprus dwarf hippo was roughly the same size as the extant pygmy hippopotamus.", "Cyprus dwarf hippopotamus __knowledge__ Unlike the modern pygmy hippo, the Cyprus dwarf became small through the process of insular dwarfism.", "Cyprus dwarf hippopotamus __knowledge__ This same process is believed to cause the dwarfism found in some dwarf elephants, the pygmy mammoth, and \"Homo floresiensis\".", "Cyprus dwarf hippopotamus __knowledge__ The animal is estimated to have measured 76 cm tall and 121 cm long.", "Cyprus dwarf hippopotamus __knowledge__ \"H. minor\" is the smallest hippopotamus of all known insular hippopotamuses.", "Aquatic mammal __knowledge__ Aquatic and semiaquatic mammals are a diverse group of mammals that dwell partly or entirely in bodies of water.", "Aquatic mammal __knowledge__ They include the various marine mammals who dwell in oceans, as well as various freshwater species, such as the European otter.", "Aquatic mammal __knowledge__ They are not a taxon and are not unified by any distinct biological grouping, but rather their dependence on and integral relation to aquatic ecosystems.", "Aquatic mammal __knowledge__ The level of dependence on aquatic life are vastly different among species, with the Amazonian manatee and river dolphins being completely aquatic and fully dependent on aquatic ecosystems; whereas the Baikal seal feeds underwater but rests, molts, and breeds on land; and the capybara and hippopotamus are able to venture in and out of water in search of food.", "King Hippo __knowledge__ King Hippo was originally created by \"Punch-Out!!\"", "King Hippo __knowledge__ character designer M. Wada.", "King Hippo __knowledge__ His most recent appearance was illustrated by art director Eddie Visser.", "King Hippo __knowledge__ King Hippo's face and girth resemble that of a hippopotamus, hence his name.", "King Hippo __knowledge__ He is an obese man from the fictional Hippo Island (not hailing from the real, sub-Antarctic Hippo Island).", "King Hippo __knowledge__ His age, weight, and height are all unknown.", "King Hippo __knowledge__ He is often depicted wearing a crown.", "King Hippo __knowledge__ He has tanned skin (blue skin in \"\") and a large mouth.", "King Hippo __knowledge__ In the video game, he guards his belly while punching and blocking.", "King Hippo __knowledge__ When he opens his mouth and pulls one fist back, the player's character, Little Mac, can punch him in the face to stun him briefly and make him drop his guard." ] ]

[ 2, 48, 0, 38 ]

[ "I think they are absolutely fascinating. Were you aware the name comes from the ancient greeks meaning river horse?", "Yes, the ancient greek civilization was between 13 & 9 bc", "I have many times. I think my favorite type of hippo is the pygmy hippo. ", "Yes it is. Have you seen a pygmy hippo. They can be hard to spot since they are reclusive and nocturnal" ]

[ "Hippopotamus", "Hippopotamus", "Hippopotamus", "Hippopotamus" ]

[ "Travel\nI do a lot of traveling. How about yourself?", "I usually travel on my own, which I like because it lets me meet a lot of new people.", "That's another advantage of traveling alone, I only have to buy one ticket!", "I would make the most of that benefit if I had them and probably bring a friend every now and then." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Travel __knowledge__ Travel is the movement of people between relatively distant geographical locations, and can involve travel by foot, bicycle, automobile, train, boat, bus, airplane, or other means, with or without luggage, and can be one way or round trip.", "Travel __knowledge__ Travel can also include relatively short stays between successive movements.", "Travel __knowledge__ The origin of the word \"travel\" is most likely lost to history.", "Travel __knowledge__ The term \"travel\" may originate from the Old French word \"travail\", which means 'work'.", "Travel __knowledge__ According to the Merriam Webster dictionary, the first known use of the word \"travel\" was in the 14th century.", "Travel __knowledge__ It also states that the word comes from Middle English \"travailen\", \"travelen\" (which means to torment, labor, strive, journey) and earlier from Old French \"travailler\" (which means to work strenuously, toil).", "Travel __knowledge__ In English we still occasionally use the words \"travail\", which means struggle.", "Travel __knowledge__ According to Simon Winchester in his book \"The Best Travelers' Tales (2004)\", the words \"travel\" and \"travail\" both share an even more ancient root: a Roman instrument of torture called the \"tripalium\" (in Latin it means \"three stakes\", as in to impale).", "Travel __knowledge__ This link may reflect the extreme difficulty of travel in ancient times.", "Travel __knowledge__ Today, travel may or may not be much easier depending upon the destination you choose (e.g.", "California Trail __knowledge__ The California Trail was an emigrant trail of about across the western half of the North American continent from Missouri River towns to what is now the state of California.", "California Trail __knowledge__ After it was established, the first half of the California Trail followed the same corridor of networked river valley trails as the Oregon Trail and the Mormon Trail, namely the valleys of the Platte, North Platte and Sweetwater rivers to Wyoming.", "California Trail __knowledge__ In the present states of Wyoming, Idaho, and Utah, the California and Oregon trails split into several different trails or cutoffs.", "California Trail __knowledge__ By 1847, two former fur trading frontier forts marked trailheads for major alternative routes through Utah and Wyoming to Northern California.", "Hyperspace (science fiction) __knowledge__ Hyperspace is a faster-than-light (FTL) method of traveling used in science fiction.", "Hyperspace (science fiction) __knowledge__ It is typically described as an alternative \"sub-region\" of space co-existing with our own universe which may be entered using an energy field or other device.", "Hyperspace (science fiction) __knowledge__ As seen in most fiction hyperspace is most succinctly described as a \"somewhere else\" within which the laws of general and special relativity decidedly do \"not\" apply – especially with respect to the speed of light being the cosmic speed limit.", "Hyperspace (science fiction) __knowledge__ Entering and exiting said \"elsewhere\" thus directly enables travel near or faster than the speed of light – almost universally with the aid of extremely advanced technology.", "All God's Children Need Traveling Shoes __knowledge__ All God's Children Need Traveling Shoes, published in 1986, is the fifth book in African-American writer and poet Maya Angelou's seven-volume autobiography series.", "All God's Children Need Traveling Shoes __knowledge__ Set between 1962 and 1965, the book begins when Angelou is 33 years old, and recounts the years she lived in Accra, Ghana.", "All God's Children Need Traveling Shoes __knowledge__ The book, deriving its title from a Negro spiritual, begins where Angelou's previous memoir, \"The Heart of a Woman\", ends — with the traumatic car accident involving her son Guy — and closes with Angelou returning to America.", "All God's Children Need Traveling Shoes __knowledge__ As she had started to do in her first autobiography, \"I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings\", and continued throughout her series, Angelou upholds the long tradition of African-American autobiography.", "Oregon Trail __knowledge__ The Oregon Trail is a historic east–west, large-wheeled wagon route and emigrant trail in the United States that connected the Missouri River to valleys in Oregon.", "Oregon Trail __knowledge__ The eastern part of the Oregon Trail spanned part of the future state of Kansas, and nearly all of what are now the states of Nebraska and Wyoming.", "Oregon Trail __knowledge__ The western half of the trail spanned most of the future states of Idaho and Oregon.", "Oregon Trail __knowledge__ The Oregon Trail was laid by fur traders and traders from about 1811 to 1840, and was only passable on foot or by horseback.", "Oregon Trail __knowledge__ By 1836, when the first migrant wagon train was organized in Independence, Missouri, a wagon trail had been cleared to Fort Hall, Idaho.", "Flying Hawk __knowledge__ Flying Hawk (Oglala Lakota: \"Čhetáŋ Kiŋyáŋ\" in Standard Lakota Orthography; a/k/a Moses Flying Hawk; March 1854 – December 24, 1931) was an Oglala Lakota warrior, historian, educator and philosopher.", "Flying Hawk __knowledge__ Flying Hawk's life chronicles the history of the Oglala Lakota people through the 19th and early 20th centuries, as he fought to deflect the worst effects of white rule; educate his people and preserve sacred Oglala Lakota land and heritage.", "Flying Hawk __knowledge__ Chief Flying Hawk was a combatant in Red Cloud's War and in nearly all of the fights with the U.S. Army during the Great Sioux War of 1876.", "Flying Hawk __knowledge__ He fought alongside his first cousin Crazy Horse and his brothers Kicking Bear and Black Fox II in the Battle of the Little Big Horn in 1876, and was present at the death of Crazy Horse in 1877 and the Wounded Knee Massacre of 1890.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ This article is about the characters in Brian Jacques' fantasy series \"Redwall\".", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the Abbey Warriors from the books \"The Legend of Luke\" to \"Eulalia!\".", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Martin I is an anthropomorphic mouse, appearing in the \"Redwall\" series by Brian Jacques.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Known as \"Martin the Warrior\" throughout the Redwall series, Martin, a woodland mouse, is the son of Luke the Warrior and his mate Sayna.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Luke is the kindly leader of an idyllic tribe of mice.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Their settlement is sacked by a wicked stoat pirate named Vilu Daskar, and Sayna is killed.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Luke vows revenge against the corsair captain and sets out after him, refusing Martin's wishes to join him, but leaving his sword in his son's possession.", "Traveling library __knowledge__ A traveling library is a collection of books lent for stated periods by a central library to a branch library, club, or other organization or, in some instances, to an individual.", "Traveling library __knowledge__ The chief characteristics from which it derives its name are its temporary location in the place to which the collections of books is sent and the implication that any traveling library will or may be changed for another collection of books.", "Traveling library __knowledge__ A bookmobile is an example.", "Traveling library __knowledge__ The date of the first traveling library is uncertain.", "Traveling library __knowledge__ Among its forerunners can be noted the itinerant chapman and ballad seller, the religious colporteur, and the camp library of Napoleon I listed in Bourrienne's \"Mémoires\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Travel __knowledge__ Travel is the movement of people between relatively distant geographical locations, and can involve travel by foot, bicycle, automobile, train, boat, bus, airplane, or other means, with or without luggage, and can be one way or round trip.", "Travel __knowledge__ Travel can also include relatively short stays between successive movements.", "Travel __knowledge__ The origin of the word \"travel\" is most likely lost to history.", "Travel __knowledge__ The term \"travel\" may originate from the Old French word \"travail\", which means 'work'.", "Travel __knowledge__ According to the Merriam Webster dictionary, the first known use of the word \"travel\" was in the 14th century.", "Travel __knowledge__ It also states that the word comes from Middle English \"travailen\", \"travelen\" (which means to torment, labor, strive, journey) and earlier from Old French \"travailler\" (which means to work strenuously, toil).", "Travel __knowledge__ In English we still occasionally use the words \"travail\", which means struggle.", "Travel __knowledge__ According to Simon Winchester in his book \"The Best Travelers' Tales (2004)\", the words \"travel\" and \"travail\" both share an even more ancient root: a Roman instrument of torture called the \"tripalium\" (in Latin it means \"three stakes\", as in to impale).", "Travel __knowledge__ This link may reflect the extreme difficulty of travel in ancient times.", "Travel __knowledge__ Today, travel may or may not be much easier depending upon the destination you choose (e.g.", "Official state car __knowledge__ An official state car is a car used by a government to transport its head of state or head of government in an official capacity, which may also be used occasionally to transport other members of the government or visiting dignitaries from other countries.", "Official state car __knowledge__ A few countries bring their own official state car for state visits to other countries, for instance, the United States, Russia and the United Kingdom.", "Official state car __knowledge__ It also may serve as an automotive symbol of the head of state and their country.", "Official state car __knowledge__ Part of the criteria for an official state car is to have adequate security, capability and stateliness for its duty.", "Khmer Rouge rule of Cambodia __knowledge__ The Khmer Rouge period (1975–1979) refers to the rule of Pol Pot, Nuon Chea, Ieng Sary, Son Sen, Khieu Samphan and the Communist Party of Kampuchea over Cambodia, which the Khmer Rouge renamed Democratic Kampuchea.", "Khmer Rouge rule of Cambodia __knowledge__ The four-year period cost approximately 2 million lives through the combined result of political executions, disease, starvation, and forced labor.", "Khmer Rouge rule of Cambodia __knowledge__ Due to the large numbers, the deaths during the rule of the Khmer Rouge are commonly known as the Cambodian Holocaust or Cambodian genocide.", "Khmer Rouge rule of Cambodia __knowledge__ The Khmer Rouge took power at the end of the Cambodian Civil War and were only toppled after the invasion of Cambodia by the neighbouring Socialist Republic of Vietnam in the Cambodian–Vietnamese War.", "Dating __knowledge__ Dating is a stage of romantic relationships in humans whereby two people meet socially with the aim of each assessing the other's suitability as a prospective partner in an intimate relationship or marriage.", "Dating __knowledge__ It is a form of courtship, consisting of social activities done by the couple, either alone or with others.", "Dating __knowledge__ The protocols and practices of dating, and the terms used to describe it, vary considerably from country to country and over time.", "Dating __knowledge__ While the term has several meanings, the most frequent usage refers to two people exploring whether they are romantically or sexually compatible by participating in dates with the other.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Pune __knowledge__ Pune ( ; spelled \"Poona\" during British rule) is the second largest city in the Indian state of Maharashtra after Mumbai and the seventh most populous city in the country.", "Pune __knowledge__ Situated above sea level on the Deccan plateau on the right bank of the Mutha river, Pune is the administrative headquarters of Pune district and was once the centre of power of the Maratha Empire established by Shivaji.", "Pune __knowledge__ In the 18th century, Pune was the political centre of the Indian subcontinent, as the seat of the Peshwas who were the prime ministers of the Maratha Empire.", "Pune __knowledge__ Considered to be the cultural capital of Maharashtra, Pune is known as \"Oxford of the East\" due to the presence of several well-known educational institutions in the city.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Air transports of heads of state and government __knowledge__ Air transports for heads of state and government are, in many countries, provided by the air force in specially equipped airliners or business jets.", "Air transports of heads of state and government __knowledge__ One such aircraft particular has become part of popular culture: Air Force One, used by the President of the United States and operated by the United States Air Force.", "Air transports of heads of state and government __knowledge__ The first head of state or government to receive official and dedicated air transport was the British Monarch.", "Air transports of heads of state and government __knowledge__ In 1928, two Westland Wapitis were delivered to No.", "Air transports of heads of state and government __knowledge__ 24 Squadron at RAF Northolt for the express purpose of the transportation of the Royal Family.", "Air transports of heads of state and government __knowledge__ Between 1929 and 1935, Edward, Prince of Wales, purchased 13 aircraft.", "Travel visa __knowledge__ A visa (from the Latin \"charta visa\", meaning \"paper which has been seen\") is a conditional authorization granted by a country to a foreigner, allowing them to enter, remain within, or to leave that country.", "Travel visa __knowledge__ Visas typically include limits on the duration of the foreigner's stay, territory within the country they may enter, the dates they may enter, the number of permitted visits or an individual's right to work in the country in question.", "Travel visa __knowledge__ Visas are associated with the request for permission to enter a country and thus are, in some countries, distinct from actual formal permission for an alien to enter and remain in the country.", "1795–1820 in Western fashion __knowledge__ Fashion in the period 1795–1820 in European and European-influenced countries saw the final triumph of undress or informal styles over the brocades, lace, periwigs and powder of the earlier 18th century.", "1795–1820 in Western fashion __knowledge__ In the aftermath of the French Revolution, no one wanted to appear to be a member of the French aristocracy, and people began using clothing more as a form of individual expression of the true self than as a pure indication of social status.", "1795–1820 in Western fashion __knowledge__ As a result, the shifts that occurred in fashion at the turn of the 19th century granted the opportunity to present new public identities that also provided insights into their private selves.", "Visa policy of the Schengen Area __knowledge__ The visa policy of the Schengen Area is set by the European Union and applies to the Schengen Area and to other EU member states without the opt-outs enjoyed by Ireland and the UK.", "Visa policy of the Schengen Area __knowledge__ If someone other than a European Union, European Economic Area (EEA) or Swiss citizen wishes to enter the Schengen Area, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus or Romania they must have a visa or be a national of a visa-exempt country.", "Visa policy of the Schengen Area __knowledge__ The Schengen Area consists of 22 European Union member states and four non-members who are members of EFTA: Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland.", "Visa policy of the Schengen Area __knowledge__ Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus and Romania are not yet part of the Schengen Area but, nonetheless, have a visa policy that is based on the Schengen \"acquis\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from Downton Abbey, a British period drama television series created by Julian Fellowes and co-produced by Carnival Films and Masterpiece for ITV and PBS, respectively.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Robert Crawley, The 7th Earl of Grantham (also known as Lord Grantham) (played by Hugh Bonneville) was born in 1866 at Downton Abbey.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ His parents are the late 6th Earl of Grantham and the Dowager Countess of Grantham, Violet Crawley.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ He has a sister named Rosamund.", "List of Downton Abbey characters __knowledge__ Despite the family's financial situation, Robert's education was privileged and he was tutored from ages 7 to 13, before attending Eton and then Christ Church, Oxford, where he studied philosophy.", "Tiangong program __knowledge__ Tiangong () is a space station program of the People's Republic of China, with the goal of creating a third generation space station, comparable to Mir.", "Tiangong program __knowledge__ This program is independent and unconnected to any other international space-active countries.", "Tiangong program __knowledge__ The program began in 1992 as Project 921-2. , China moved forward on a large multiphase construction program that will lead to a large space station around 2020.", "Tiangong program __knowledge__ China launched its first space laboratory, Tiangong-1, on September 29, 2011.", "Tiangong program __knowledge__ Following Tiangong-1, a more advanced space laboratory complete with cargo ship, dubbed Tiangong-2, was launched on September 15, 2016." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Travel __knowledge__ Travel is the movement of people between relatively distant geographical locations, and can involve travel by foot, bicycle, automobile, train, boat, bus, airplane, or other means, with or without luggage, and can be one way or round trip.", "Travel __knowledge__ Travel can also include relatively short stays between successive movements.", "Travel __knowledge__ The origin of the word \"travel\" is most likely lost to history.", "Travel __knowledge__ The term \"travel\" may originate from the Old French word \"travail\", which means 'work'.", "Travel __knowledge__ According to the Merriam Webster dictionary, the first known use of the word \"travel\" was in the 14th century.", "Travel __knowledge__ It also states that the word comes from Middle English \"travailen\", \"travelen\" (which means to torment, labor, strive, journey) and earlier from Old French \"travailler\" (which means to work strenuously, toil).", "Travel __knowledge__ In English we still occasionally use the words \"travail\", which means struggle.", "Travel __knowledge__ According to Simon Winchester in his book \"The Best Travelers' Tales (2004)\", the words \"travel\" and \"travail\" both share an even more ancient root: a Roman instrument of torture called the \"tripalium\" (in Latin it means \"three stakes\", as in to impale).", "Travel __knowledge__ This link may reflect the extreme difficulty of travel in ancient times.", "Travel __knowledge__ Today, travel may or may not be much easier depending upon the destination you choose (e.g.", "Buy one, get one free __knowledge__ \"Buy one, get one free\", \"Buy one, get one\", \"two for the price of one\", \"two for one\" or \"2 for 1\" is a common form of sales promotion.", "Buy one, get one free __knowledge__ While not often presented to customers in acronym form, this marketing technique is universally known in the marketing industry by the acronyms BOGO, BOGOF, and BOGOHO (Buy one get one half off).", "Buy one, get one free __knowledge__ Economist Alex Tabarrok has argued that the success of this promotion lies in the fact that the price actually takes into account the fact that two items are being sold.", "Buy one, get one free __knowledge__ The price of \"one\" is somewhat nominal and is typically raised when used as part of a buy one get one free deal.", "Long Island Rail Road __knowledge__ The Long Island Rail Road , legally known as the Long Island Rail Road Company and often abbreviated as the LIRR, is a commuter rail system in the southeastern part of the U.S. state of New York, stretching from Manhattan to the eastern tip of Suffolk County on Long Island.", "Long Island Rail Road __knowledge__ With an average weekday ridership of 337,800 passengers in 2014, it is the busiest commuter railroad in North America.", "Long Island Rail Road __knowledge__ It is also one of the world's few commuter systems that runs 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, year-round.", "Long Island Rail Road __knowledge__ It is publicly owned by the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, which refers to it as MTA Long Island Rail Road.", "Number-one ticket holder __knowledge__ A number-one ticket holder is a person who holds membership ticket number 1 of a particular sporting club.", "Number-one ticket holder __knowledge__ Possession of the number one ticket is largely symbolic.", "Number-one ticket holder __knowledge__ The tradition of having a number one ticket holder is mainly observed in Australia, particularly in the Australian Football League.", "Number-one ticket holder __knowledge__ The ticket is often given to a celebrity or past player in order to raise the profile of the club.", "Number-one ticket holder __knowledge__ The Australian Football League is the premier Australian rules football competition in Australia.", "Number-one ticket holder __knowledge__ Most clubs nominate a number one ticket holder each year.", "Number-one ticket holder __knowledge__ The National Rugby League is the premier rugby league competition in Australasia.", "Transylvania lottery __knowledge__ In mathematical combinatorics, the Transylvanian lottery is a lottery where three numbers between 1 and 14 are picked by the player, and three numbers are chosen randomly.", "Transylvania lottery __knowledge__ The player wins if two of his numbers are among the random ones.", "Transylvania lottery __knowledge__ The problem of how many tickets the player must buy in order to be certain of winning can be solved by the use of the Fano plane.", "Transylvania lottery __knowledge__ The solution is to buy a total of 14 tickets, in two sets of seven.", "Transylvania lottery __knowledge__ One set of seven is every line of a Fano plane with the numbers 1-7, the other with 8-14, i.e.", "Transylvania lottery __knowledge__ : 1-2-5, 1-3-6, 1-4-7, 2-3-7, 2-4-6, 3-4-5, 5-6-7, 8-9-12, 8-10-13, 8-11-14, 9-10-14, 9-11-13, 10-11-12, 12-13-14.", "Szybka Kolej Miejska (Tricity) __knowledge__ PKP Szybka Kolej Miejska w Trójmieście Sp.", "Szybka Kolej Miejska (Tricity) __knowledge__ z o.o.", "Szybka Kolej Miejska (Tricity) __knowledge__ (; \"Fast Urban Railway\"), or SKM, is a railway transportation system in Poland's Tricity area (Gdańsk, Sopot and Gdynia), which also reaches Słupsk, which is 110 km west of Gdynia, and Tczew, which is 31 km south of Gdańsk.", "Szybka Kolej Miejska (Tricity) __knowledge__ The SKM functions as a commuter rail service for the Tricity, operating frequent trains on the central section between Gdańsk and Gdynia, and less frequently to outlying sections.", "Szybka Kolej Miejska (Tricity) __knowledge__ The SKM route has 27 stops covering the Tricity between Gdańsk, Gdynia and Wejherowo.", "Szybka Kolej Miejska (Tricity) __knowledge__ The SKM was established after World War II ended in 1945, when the cities of the Tricity, which had previously been divided under Polish and non-Polish administrations, all became part of Poland.", "Magic: The Gathering Online __knowledge__ Magic: The Gathering Online is a video game adaptation of \"\", utilizing the concept of a virtual economy in order to preserve the collectible aspect of the card game.", "Magic: The Gathering Online __knowledge__ It is played through an Internet service operated by Wizards of the Coast, which went live on 24 June 2002.", "Magic: The Gathering Online __knowledge__ Users can play the game or trade cards with other users.", "Magic: The Gathering Online __knowledge__ It is only officially available for the Microsoft Windows operating system.", "Magic: The Gathering Online __knowledge__ As of February 2007, \"Magic Online\" has over 300,000 registered accounts; this does not represent the true number of players, since people are allowed to register multiple accounts.", "Magic: The Gathering Online __knowledge__ According to Worth Wollpert in 2007, \"Magic Online\" is \"somewhere between 30% to 50% of the total \"Magic\" business.\"", "Rail transport in Japan __knowledge__ Rail transport in Japan is a major means of passenger transport, especially for mass and high-speed travel between major cities and for commuter transport in metropolitan areas.", "Rail transport in Japan __knowledge__ It is used relatively little for freight transport, accounting for just 0.84% of goods movement.", "Rail transport in Japan __knowledge__ The privatised network is highly efficient, requiring few subsidies and running extremely punctually.", "Rail transport in Japan __knowledge__ Rail transport services in Japan are provided by more than 100 private companies, including Many of the private rail companies rank among the top corporations in the country.", "Rail transport in Japan __knowledge__ Railways were built by private corporations developing integrated communities along the railway lines, allowing them to achieve profitability by diversifying into real estate, retail, and numerous other businesses.", "Phil Volk __knowledge__ Phil \"Fang\" Volk (born Phillip Edward Volk; October 25, 1945) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, band leader, record producer and arranger.", "Phil Volk __knowledge__ As the bassist of Paul Revere & the Raiders from 1965–1967, Volk appeared in over 750 television shows, 520 of which were episodes of the Dick Clark production, \"Where the Action Is\", which aired daily from 1965-67.", "Phil Volk __knowledge__ The band themselves had 23 charted hits and 14 gold albums and Volk was a member of the band during the period of its greatest success.", "Phil Volk __knowledge__ Volk's bass lines, as heard in songs such as \"Hungry\", \"Just Like Me\" and \"Kicks\", helped to revolutionize how the bass guitar was used in rock music.", "California Trail __knowledge__ The California Trail was an emigrant trail of about across the western half of the North American continent from Missouri River towns to what is now the state of California.", "California Trail __knowledge__ After it was established, the first half of the California Trail followed the same corridor of networked river valley trails as the Oregon Trail and the Mormon Trail, namely the valleys of the Platte, North Platte and Sweetwater rivers to Wyoming.", "California Trail __knowledge__ In the present states of Wyoming, Idaho, and Utah, the California and Oregon trails split into several different trails or cutoffs.", "California Trail __knowledge__ By 1847, two former fur trading frontier forts marked trailheads for major alternative routes through Utah and Wyoming to Northern California.", "Wright brothers __knowledge__ The Wright brothers, Orville (August 19, 1871 – January 30, 1948) and Wilbur (April 16, 1867 – May 30, 1912), were two American aviators, engineers, inventors, and aviation pioneers who are generally credited with inventing, building, and flying the world's first successful airplane.", "Wright brothers __knowledge__ They made the first controlled, sustained flight of a powered, heavier-than-air aircraft on December 17, 1903, four miles south of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.", "Wright brothers __knowledge__ In 1904–05 the brothers developed their flying machine into the first practical fixed-wing aircraft.", "Wright brothers __knowledge__ Although not the first to build experimental aircraft, the Wright brothers were the first to invent aircraft controls that made fixed-wing powered flight possible.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "The Raw & the Cooked (album) __knowledge__ The Raw & the Cooked is the second and final studio album by British rock band Fine Young Cannibals, released in 1989.", "The Raw & the Cooked (album) __knowledge__ The title of the album was lifted from the book of the same name (\"Le Cru et le Cuit\" in French) by French anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss.", "The Raw & the Cooked (album) __knowledge__ Four songs from the album first appeared in film soundtracks in the mid-1980s, three of which were soul tracks from the \"Tin Men\" film.", "The Raw & the Cooked (album) __knowledge__ The band had already recorded over half of the album by the time David Z came to produce the remainder.", "The Raw & the Cooked (album) __knowledge__ His work with the band, which resulted in dance-rock material, included studio experimentation.", "The Raw & the Cooked (album) __knowledge__ The album is considered to be an eclectic, varied album, taking influences from numerous genres including Motown soul, rock, funk, British beat and pop.", "Jefferson Airplane __knowledge__ Jefferson Airplane was a rock band based in San Francisco, California, who pioneered psychedelic rock.", "Jefferson Airplane __knowledge__ Formed in 1965, the group defined the San Francisco Sound and was the first from the Bay Area to achieve international commercial success.", "Jefferson Airplane __knowledge__ They were headliners at the three most famous American rock festivals of the 1960s—Monterey (1967), Woodstock (1969) and Altamont (1969)—and the first Isle of Wight Festival (1968) in England.", "Jefferson Airplane __knowledge__ Their 1967 break-out album \"Surrealistic Pillow\" ranks on the short list of the most significant recordings of the \"Summer of Love\".", "Jefferson Airplane __knowledge__ Two songs from that album, \"Somebody to Love\" and \"White Rabbit\", are among \"Rolling Stone's\" \"500 Greatest Songs of All Time.\"", "2016 Bank of America 500 __knowledge__ The 2016 Bank of America 500 was a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series race that was scheduled to be held on October 8, 2016, but was postponed until October 9, 2016, because of Hurricane Matthew, at Charlotte Motor Speedway in Concord, North Carolina.", "2016 Bank of America 500 __knowledge__ Contested over 334 laps on the 1.5 mile (2.4 km) intermediate speedway, it was the 30th race of the 2016 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series season, fourth race of the Chase, and first race of the Round of 12.", "2016 Bank of America 500 __knowledge__ The race was held at Charlotte Motor Speedway, a motorsports complex located in Concord, North Carolina, United States.", "2016 Bank of America 500 __knowledge__ The complex features a quad-oval track that hosts NASCAR racing including the prestigious Coca-Cola 600 on Memorial Day weekend, the Sprint All-Star Race, and the Bank of America 500." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Travel __knowledge__ Travel is the movement of people between relatively distant geographical locations, and can involve travel by foot, bicycle, automobile, train, boat, bus, airplane, or other means, with or without luggage, and can be one way or round trip.", "Travel __knowledge__ Travel can also include relatively short stays between successive movements.", "Travel __knowledge__ The origin of the word \"travel\" is most likely lost to history.", "Travel __knowledge__ The term \"travel\" may originate from the Old French word \"travail\", which means 'work'.", "Travel __knowledge__ According to the Merriam Webster dictionary, the first known use of the word \"travel\" was in the 14th century.", "Travel __knowledge__ It also states that the word comes from Middle English \"travailen\", \"travelen\" (which means to torment, labor, strive, journey) and earlier from Old French \"travailler\" (which means to work strenuously, toil).", "Travel __knowledge__ In English we still occasionally use the words \"travail\", which means struggle.", "Travel __knowledge__ According to Simon Winchester in his book \"The Best Travelers' Tales (2004)\", the words \"travel\" and \"travail\" both share an even more ancient root: a Roman instrument of torture called the \"tripalium\" (in Latin it means \"three stakes\", as in to impale).", "Travel __knowledge__ This link may reflect the extreme difficulty of travel in ancient times.", "Travel __knowledge__ Today, travel may or may not be much easier depending upon the destination you choose (e.g.", "Kris __knowledge__ The kris (ngoko Javanese: ; krama inggil Javanese: ; ngoko: keris; krama; \"dhuwung\"; krama inggil: \"wangkingan\", lit.", "Kris __knowledge__ \"to slice\"; Jawi: کريس, Thai: กริช \"kris\", Minangkabau: \"karih\", Tagalog: \"kalis\"; Bugis and Makassarese: \"sele\") is an asymmetrical dagger with distinctive blade-patterning achieved through alternating laminations of iron and nickelous iron (\"pamor\").", "Kris __knowledge__ While most strongly associated with the culture of Indonesia the kris is also indigenous to Malaysia, Thailand, Brunei, Singapore and the Philippines where it is known as kalis with variants existing as a sword rather than a dagger.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Hillary Clinton, the nominee of the Democratic Party for president of the United States in 2016, has taken positions on political issues while serving as First Lady of Arkansas (1979–81; 1983–92), First Lady of the United States (1993–2001); as U.S.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Senator from New York (2001–2009); and serving as the United States Secretary of State (2009–2013).", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In accordance with longstanding custom, during her time as Secretary of State she largely avoided taking stances on most domestic political issues.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ In 2015, she announced her candidacy for the presidency.", "Political positions of Hillary Clinton __knowledge__ Clinton won the Democratic primaries and formally became the party's nominee at the 2016 Democratic National Convention.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Battle of Ligny __knowledge__ The Battle of Ligny (16 June 1815) was the last victory of the military career of Napoleon Bonaparte.", "Battle of Ligny __knowledge__ In this battle, French troops of the Armée du Nord under Napoleon's command, defeated part of a Prussian army under Field Marshal Prince Blücher, near Ligny in present-day Belgium.", "Battle of Ligny __knowledge__ The Battle of Ligny is an example of a tactical win and a strategic loss for the French.", "Battle of Ligny __knowledge__ While the French troops did force the enemy to retreat, the Prussian army survived and went on to play a pivotal role two days later at the Battle of Waterloo, reinforced by IV Prussian corps that had not participated in the battle at Ligny.", "Franz von Papen __knowledge__ Franz von Papen (; 29 October 18792 May 1969) was a German nobleman, General Staff officer and politician.", "Franz von Papen __knowledge__ He served as Chancellor of Germany in 1932 and as Vice-Chancellor under Adolf Hitler in 1933–34.", "Franz von Papen __knowledge__ He belonged to the group of close advisers to President Paul von Hindenburg in the late Weimar Republic.", "Franz von Papen __knowledge__ It was largely Papen, believing that Hitler could be controlled once he was in the government, who persuaded Hindenburg to appoint Hitler as Chancellor in a cabinet not under Nazi Party domination.", "Franz von Papen __knowledge__ However, Papen and his allies were quickly marginalized by Hitler and he left the government after the Night of the Long Knives, during which the Nazis killed some of his confidantes.", "English contract law __knowledge__ English contract law is a body of law regulating contracts in England and Wales.", "English contract law __knowledge__ With its roots in the lex mercatoria and the activism of the judiciary during the industrial revolution, it shares a heritage with countries across the Commonwealth (such as Australia, Canada, India), and to a lesser extent the United States.", "English contract law __knowledge__ It is also experiencing gradual change because of the UK's membership of the European Union and international organisations like Unidroit.", "English contract law __knowledge__ Any agreement that is enforceable in court is a contract.", "English contract law __knowledge__ Because a contract is a voluntary obligation, in contrast to paying compensation for a tort and restitution to reverse unjust enrichment, English law places a high value on ensuring people have truly consented to the deals that bind them in court.", "English trust law __knowledge__ English trust law concerns the creation and protection of asset funds, which are usually held by one party for another's benefit.", "English trust law __knowledge__ Trusts were a creation of the English law of property and obligations, but also share a history with countries across the Commonwealth and the United States.", "English trust law __knowledge__ Trusts developed when claimants in property disputes were dissatisfied with the common law courts and petitioned the King for a just and equitable result.", "English trust law __knowledge__ On the King's behalf, the Lord Chancellor developed a parallel justice system in the Court of Chancery.", "English trust law __knowledge__ Historically, trusts were mostly used where people left money in a will, created family settlements, created charities, or some types of business venture.", "Buy one, get one free __knowledge__ \"Buy one, get one free\", \"Buy one, get one\", \"two for the price of one\", \"two for one\" or \"2 for 1\" is a common form of sales promotion.", "Buy one, get one free __knowledge__ While not often presented to customers in acronym form, this marketing technique is universally known in the marketing industry by the acronyms BOGO, BOGOF, and BOGOHO (Buy one get one half off).", "Buy one, get one free __knowledge__ Economist Alex Tabarrok has argued that the success of this promotion lies in the fact that the price actually takes into account the fact that two items are being sold.", "Buy one, get one free __knowledge__ The price of \"one\" is somewhat nominal and is typically raised when used as part of a buy one get one free deal.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ Pricing games are featured on the current version of the American game show The Price Is Right.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ The contestant from Contestants' Row who bids closest to the price of a prize without going over wins the prize and has the chance to win additional prizes or cash in an onstage game.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ After the pricing game ends, a new contestant is selected for Contestants' Row and the process is repeated.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ Six pricing games are played on each hour-long episode.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ Prior to expanding to one hour in length, three games per episode were played during the half-hour format.", "List of The Price Is Right pricing games __knowledge__ With the exception of a single game from early in the show's history, only one contestant at a time is involved in a pricing game.", "StubHub __knowledge__ StubHub is an online ticket exchange company owned by eBay, which provides services for buyers and sellers of tickets for sports, concerts, theater and other live entertainment events.", "StubHub __knowledge__ It has grown from the largest secondary-market ticket marketplace in the United States into the world's largest ticket marketplace.", "StubHub __knowledge__ While the company does not currently disclose its financials, in 2015 it had over 16 million unique visitors and nearly 10 million live events per month.", "StubHub __knowledge__ The San Francisco-located company was founded in 2000 by Eric Baker and Jeff Fluhr, both former Stanford Business School students and investment bankers.", "Concessionary fares on the British railway network __knowledge__ There is no single 'discount railcard' available on the UK railway network.", "Concessionary fares on the British railway network __knowledge__ In addition to the large number and variety of short-term or localised promotional fares that have been available to passengers on the British railway network in recent decades (especially since privatisation), there are many permanent concessionary fare schemes available to passengers.", "Concessionary fares on the British railway network __knowledge__ Some of these take the form of Railcards, which can be purchased by people who qualify according to the conditions, and which give discounts for all journeys over a period; other concessions are available for individual journeys.", "Concessionary fares on the British railway network __knowledge__ In all cases, details of the type of concession will be printed on the passenger's travel ticket, to distinguish reduced-rate tickets from those sold at the standard full fare.", "Yankee Stadium __knowledge__ Yankee Stadium is a stadium located in the Concourse neighborhood of the Bronx in New York City.", "Yankee Stadium __knowledge__ It serves as the home ballpark for the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball (MLB), and is also the home park for New York City FC of Major League Soccer (MLS).", "Yankee Stadium __knowledge__ The $2.3 billion stadium, built with $1.2 billion in public subsidies, replaced the original Yankee Stadium in 2009.", "Yankee Stadium __knowledge__ It is located one block north of the original, on the former site of Macombs Dam Park; the site of the original stadium is now a public park called Heritage Field.", "Yankee Stadium __knowledge__ The stadium incorporates replicas of some design elements from the original Yankee Stadium, and like its predecessor, it has hosted additional events, including college football games, soccer matches, two outdoor NHL games, and concerts.", "UEFA Financial Fair Play Regulations __knowledge__ The UEFA Financial Fair Play Regulations (FFP) were established to prevent professional football clubs spending more than they earn in the pursuit of success and in doing so getting into financial problems which might threaten their long-term survival.", "UEFA Financial Fair Play Regulations __knowledge__ They were agreed to in principle in September 2009 by the Financial Control Panel of football’s governing body in Europe (Union of European Football Associations – UEFA).", "UEFA Financial Fair Play Regulations __knowledge__ The regulations provide for sanctions to be taken against clubs who exceed spending, over several seasons, within a set budgetary framework.", "UEFA Financial Fair Play Regulations __knowledge__ Implementation of the regulations took place at the outset of the 2011–12 football season.", "National Football League in Toronto __knowledge__ The National Football League (NFL) has been playing games in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, since 1959 when an interleague game between an NFL team and the Toronto Argonauts of the Canadian Football League (CFL) took place at Exhibition Stadium.", "National Football League in Toronto __knowledge__ Subsequently, a number of neutral site preseason and regular season games between NFL teams have been staged in the city.", "National Football League in Toronto __knowledge__ Toronto is one of three cities outside the United States, along with London and Mexico City, which have hosted regular season NFL games.", "National Football League in Toronto __knowledge__ There have long been efforts to establish an NFL franchise in Toronto due to its market size.", "National Football League in Toronto __knowledge__ Toronto is the third largest city in the United States or Canada, and the largest which is not home to an NFL team." ] ]

[ 2, 1, 11, 10 ]

[ "I try to travel as much with the family most of the time it is short stays.", "That is a good thing about traveling I have met great people as well on trains and on airplane.", "I wish I had that advantage with you lol. The ticket prices are so expensive but my job benefits has deals where we can get nice priced tickets buy one and get one free.", "But it still has it's downfall it depends on where we are traveling to see if it is easier to go as a family and price wise but yes it is still a great deal." ]

[ "Travel", "Travel", "Travel", "Travel" ]

[ "Breakfast", "That's great! What kind of breakfast? Is it the typical bacon, eggs, and sausge or something a bit different from the norm", "You know they say breakfast is the most important meal of the day. Is that something you agree with?", "True, but I think they meant it's where you get the biggest source of your daily energy, although there are some competing theories about thaat." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ It was not until the 15th century that “breakfast” came into use in written English to describe a morning meal, which literally means to break the fasting period of the prior night; in Old English the term was \"morgenmete\" meaning \"morning meal.\"", "Breakfast __knowledge__ While breakfast is commonly referred to as \"the most important meal of the day\", particularly for children, some epidemiological research indicates that having breakfast high in rapidly available carbohydrates increases the risk of metabolic syndrome.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Present professional opinion is largely in favor of eating breakfast, but some contest the positive implications of its \"most important\" status." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ It was not until the 15th century that “breakfast” came into use in written English to describe a morning meal, which literally means to break the fasting period of the prior night; in Old English the term was \"morgenmete\" meaning \"morning meal.\"", "Breakfast __knowledge__ While breakfast is commonly referred to as \"the most important meal of the day\", particularly for children, some epidemiological research indicates that having breakfast high in rapidly available carbohydrates increases the risk of metabolic syndrome.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Present professional opinion is largely in favor of eating breakfast, but some contest the positive implications of its \"most important\" status.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Full breakfast __knowledge__ A full breakfast is a breakfast meal that typically includes bacon, sausages, eggs and a beverage such as coffee or tea.", "Full breakfast __knowledge__ It comes in different regional variants and is referred to by different names depending on the area; however, it is colloquially known as a “fry up” in all areas.", "Full breakfast __knowledge__ It is usually referred to as a \"full English breakfast\" in England (often shortened to \"full English\"), and therefore, as a \"full Irish\", \"full Scottish\", \"full Welsh\", and the \"Ulster fry\" in the Republic of Ireland, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, respectively.", "Full breakfast __knowledge__ It is especially popular in the British Isles to such an extent that many cafés and pubs offer the meal at any time of day as an \"all-day breakfast\".", "Pancake __knowledge__ A pancake (or hotcake, griddlecake, or flapjack) is a flat cake, often thin and round, prepared from a starch-based batter that may contain eggs, milk and butter and cooked on a hot surface such as a griddle or frying pan, often frying with oil or butter.", "Pancake __knowledge__ In Britain, pancakes are often unleavened and resemble a crêpe.", "Pancake __knowledge__ In North America, a leavening agent is used (typically baking powder).", "Pancake __knowledge__ American pancakes are similar to Scotch pancakes or drop scones.", "Pancake __knowledge__ Archaeological evidence suggests that pancakes were probably the earliest and most widespread cereal food eaten in prehistoric societies.", "Pancake __knowledge__ The pancake's shape and structure varies worldwide.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is a type of salt-cured pork.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is prepared from several different cuts of meat, typically from the pork belly or from back cuts, which has less fat than the belly.", "Bacon __knowledge__ It is eaten on its own, as a side dish (particularly in breakfasts), or used as a minor ingredient to flavour dishes (e.g., the club sandwich).", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is also used for barding and larding roasts, especially game, including venison and pheasant.", "Bacon __knowledge__ The word is derived from the Old High German \"bacho\", meaning \"buttock\", \"ham\" or \"side of bacon\", and is cognate with the Old French \"bacon\".", "Bacon __knowledge__ Meat from other animals, such as beef, lamb, chicken, goat, or turkey, may also be cut, cured, or otherwise prepared to resemble bacon, and may even be referred to as \"bacon\".", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Medieval cuisine includes foods, eating habits, and cooking methods of various European cultures during the Middle Ages, which lasted from the fifth to the fifteenth century.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ During this period, diets and cooking changed less than they did in the early modern period that followed, when those changes helped lay the foundations for modern European cuisine.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Cereals remained the most important staple during the early Middle Ages as rice was introduced late, and the potato was only introduced in 1536, with a much later date for widespread consumption.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Barley, oat and rye were eaten by the poor.", "Medieval cuisine __knowledge__ Wheat was for the governing classes.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's Corporation () is the world's largest chain of fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countries.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's traces its origins to a 1940 restaurant in San Bernardino, California.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ After expanding within the United States, McDonald's became an international corporation in 1967, when it opened a location in Richmond, Canada.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ By the end of the 1970s, McDonald's restaurants existed in five of the Earth's seven continents; an African location came in 1992 in Cape Town,South Africa.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ In order to cater to local tastes and culinary traditions, and often in respect of particular laws or religious beliefs, McDonald's offers regionalized versions of its menu among and within different countries.", "History of breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal taken after rising from a night's sleep, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "History of breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "History of breakfast __knowledge__ It was not until the 15th century that “breakfast” came into use in written English to describe a morning meal, which literally means to break the fasting period of the prior night; in Old English the term was \"morgenmete\" meaning \"morning meal.\"", "History of breakfast __knowledge__ From archeological evidence at Neolithic sites we know that there was an early reliance on cereal grains once agriculture had begun.", "Meal __knowledge__ A meal is an eating occasion that takes place at a certain time and includes prepared food, or the food eaten on that occasion.", "Meal __knowledge__ The names used for specific meals in English vary greatly, depending on the speaker's culture, the time of day, or the size of the meal.", "Meal __knowledge__ Meals occur primarily at homes, restaurants, and cafeterias, but may occur anywhere.", "Meal __knowledge__ Regular meals occur on a daily basis, typically several times a day.", "Meal __knowledge__ Special meals are usually held in conjunction with such occasions as birthdays, weddings, anniversaries, and holidays.", "Meal __knowledge__ A meal is different from a snack in that meals are generally larger, more varied, and more filling than snacks.", "Field ration __knowledge__ A field ration, combat ration or ration pack is a canned or pre-packaged meal, easily prepared and eaten, transported by military troops on the battlefield.", "Field ration __knowledge__ They are distinguished from regular military rations by virtue of being designed for minimal preparation in the field, using canned, pre-cooked or freeze-dried foods, powdered beverage mixes and concentrated food bars, as well as for long shelf life.", "Field ration __knowledge__ Such meals also prove invaluable for disaster relief operations, where large stocks of these can be ferried and distributed easily, and provide basic nutritional support to victims before kitchens can be set up to produce fresh food.", "Ancient Israelite cuisine __knowledge__ Ancient Israelite cuisine refers to the food eaten by the ancient Israelites during a period of over a thousand years, from the beginning of the Israelite presence in the Land of Israel at the beginning of the Iron Age until the Roman period.", "Ancient Israelite cuisine __knowledge__ The dietary staples were bread, wine and olive oil, but also included legumes, fruits and vegetables, dairy products, fish and meat.", "Ancient Israelite cuisine __knowledge__ Religious beliefs, which prohibited the consumption of certain foods, shaped the Israelite diet.", "Ancient Israelite cuisine __knowledge__ There was considerable continuity in the main components of the diet over time, despite the introduction of new foodstuffs at various stages.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas traditions vary from country to country.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas celebrations for many nations include the installing and lighting of Christmas trees, the hanging of Advent wreaths, Christmas stockings, candy canes, and the creation of Nativity scenes depicting the birth of Jesus Christ.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas carols may be sung and stories told about such figures as the Baby Jesus, St Nicholas, Santa Claus, Father Christmas, Christkind or Grandfather Frost.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ The sending and exchange of Christmas card greetings, observance of fasting and special religious observances such as a midnight Mass or Vespers on Christmas Eve, the burning of a Yule log, and the giving and receiving of presents.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine comprises a wide variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Given the range of diversity in soil type, climate, culture, ethnic groups, and occupations, these cuisines vary substantially from each other and use locally available spices, herbs, vegetables, and fruits.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian food is also heavily influenced by religion, in particular Hindu, and cultural choices and traditions.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Also, Middle Eastern and Central Asian influences have occurred on North Indian cuisine from the years of Mughal rule.", "Indian cuisine __knowledge__ Indian cuisine is still evolving, as a result of the nation's cultural interactions with other societies." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ It was not until the 15th century that “breakfast” came into use in written English to describe a morning meal, which literally means to break the fasting period of the prior night; in Old English the term was \"morgenmete\" meaning \"morning meal.\"", "Breakfast __knowledge__ While breakfast is commonly referred to as \"the most important meal of the day\", particularly for children, some epidemiological research indicates that having breakfast high in rapidly available carbohydrates increases the risk of metabolic syndrome.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Present professional opinion is largely in favor of eating breakfast, but some contest the positive implications of its \"most important\" status.", "History of breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal taken after rising from a night's sleep, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "History of breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "History of breakfast __knowledge__ It was not until the 15th century that “breakfast” came into use in written English to describe a morning meal, which literally means to break the fasting period of the prior night; in Old English the term was \"morgenmete\" meaning \"morning meal.\"", "History of breakfast __knowledge__ From archeological evidence at Neolithic sites we know that there was an early reliance on cereal grains once agriculture had begun.", "Meal __knowledge__ A meal is an eating occasion that takes place at a certain time and includes prepared food, or the food eaten on that occasion.", "Meal __knowledge__ The names used for specific meals in English vary greatly, depending on the speaker's culture, the time of day, or the size of the meal.", "Meal __knowledge__ Meals occur primarily at homes, restaurants, and cafeterias, but may occur anywhere.", "Meal __knowledge__ Regular meals occur on a daily basis, typically several times a day.", "Meal __knowledge__ Special meals are usually held in conjunction with such occasions as birthdays, weddings, anniversaries, and holidays.", "Meal __knowledge__ A meal is different from a snack in that meals are generally larger, more varied, and more filling than snacks.", "School meal __knowledge__ A school meal or school lunch (also known as hot lunch, a school dinner, or school breakfast) is a meal provided to students at school, typically in the middle or beginning of the school day.", "School meal __knowledge__ Countries all over the world have various kinds of school meal programs.", "School meal __knowledge__ Millions of children from all standards and grades get their meals at their respective schools every day.", "School meal __knowledge__ School meals provide high-energy food with high nutritional values either free, or at economical rates.", "School meal __knowledge__ The benefits of school meals vary from country to country.", "School meal __knowledge__ While in developed countries the school meal is a source of nutritious meals, in developing countries it is an incentive to send children to school and continue their education.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas traditions vary from country to country.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas celebrations for many nations include the installing and lighting of Christmas trees, the hanging of Advent wreaths, Christmas stockings, candy canes, and the creation of Nativity scenes depicting the birth of Jesus Christ.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ Christmas carols may be sung and stories told about such figures as the Baby Jesus, St Nicholas, Santa Claus, Father Christmas, Christkind or Grandfather Frost.", "Christmas traditions __knowledge__ The sending and exchange of Christmas card greetings, observance of fasting and special religious observances such as a midnight Mass or Vespers on Christmas Eve, the burning of a Yule log, and the giving and receiving of presents.", "Field ration __knowledge__ A field ration, combat ration or ration pack is a canned or pre-packaged meal, easily prepared and eaten, transported by military troops on the battlefield.", "Field ration __knowledge__ They are distinguished from regular military rations by virtue of being designed for minimal preparation in the field, using canned, pre-cooked or freeze-dried foods, powdered beverage mixes and concentrated food bars, as well as for long shelf life.", "Field ration __knowledge__ Such meals also prove invaluable for disaster relief operations, where large stocks of these can be ferried and distributed easily, and provide basic nutritional support to victims before kitchens can be set up to produce fresh food.", "Italian meal structure __knowledge__ Italian meal structure is similar to most other European ones, consisting of breakfast, lunch, and supper.", "Italian meal structure __knowledge__ Late-morning and mid-afternoon snacks, called \"merenda\" (plural \"merende\"), are also often included in this meal structure.", "Italian meal structure __knowledge__ Italians also commonly divide a celebratory meal into several different courses.", "Italian meal structure __knowledge__ Italian breakfast (\"prima colazione\") consists of \"caffè latte\" (hot coffee with milk) or coffee with bread or rolls, butter and jam.", "Italian meal structure __knowledge__ A cookie-like rusk hard bread, called \"fette biscottate\", and cookies are commonly eaten.", "Italian meal structure __knowledge__ Children drink hot chocolate, plain milk, or hot milk with very little coffee.", "Full breakfast __knowledge__ A full breakfast is a breakfast meal that typically includes bacon, sausages, eggs and a beverage such as coffee or tea.", "Full breakfast __knowledge__ It comes in different regional variants and is referred to by different names depending on the area; however, it is colloquially known as a “fry up” in all areas.", "Full breakfast __knowledge__ It is usually referred to as a \"full English breakfast\" in England (often shortened to \"full English\"), and therefore, as a \"full Irish\", \"full Scottish\", \"full Welsh\", and the \"Ulster fry\" in the Republic of Ireland, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland, respectively.", "Full breakfast __knowledge__ It is especially popular in the British Isles to such an extent that many cafés and pubs offer the meal at any time of day as an \"all-day breakfast\".", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is a type of salt-cured pork.", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is prepared from several different cuts of meat, typically from the pork belly or from back cuts, which has less fat than the belly.", "Bacon __knowledge__ It is eaten on its own, as a side dish (particularly in breakfasts), or used as a minor ingredient to flavour dishes (e.g., the club sandwich).", "Bacon __knowledge__ Bacon is also used for barding and larding roasts, especially game, including venison and pheasant.", "Bacon __knowledge__ The word is derived from the Old High German \"bacho\", meaning \"buttock\", \"ham\" or \"side of bacon\", and is cognate with the Old French \"bacon\".", "Bacon __knowledge__ Meat from other animals, such as beef, lamb, chicken, goat, or turkey, may also be cut, cured, or otherwise prepared to resemble bacon, and may even be referred to as \"bacon\".", "Sausage __knowledge__ A sausage is a cylindrical meat product usually made from ground meat, often pork, beef, or veal, along with salt, spices and other flavourings, and breadcrumbs, encased by a skin.", "Sausage __knowledge__ Typically, a sausage is formed in a casing traditionally made from intestine, but sometimes from synthetic materials.", "Sausage __knowledge__ Sausages that are sold raw are cooked in many ways, including pan-frying, broiling and barbecuing.", "Sausage __knowledge__ Some sausages are cooked during processing and the casing may then be removed.", "Sausage __knowledge__ Sausage making is a traditional food preservation technique.", "Sausage __knowledge__ Sausages may be preserved by curing, drying (often in association with fermentation or culturing, which can contribute to preservation), smoking, or freezing." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Breakfast is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The word in English refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ There is a strong tendency for one or more \"typical\", or \"traditional\", breakfast menus to exist in most places, but the composition of this varies widely from place to place, and has varied over time, so that globally a very wide range of preparations and ingredients are now associated with breakfast.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ The Old English word for dinner, \"disner\", means to break a fast, and was the first meal eaten in the day until its meaning shifted in the mid-13th century.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ It was not until the 15th century that “breakfast” came into use in written English to describe a morning meal, which literally means to break the fasting period of the prior night; in Old English the term was \"morgenmete\" meaning \"morning meal.\"", "Breakfast __knowledge__ While breakfast is commonly referred to as \"the most important meal of the day\", particularly for children, some epidemiological research indicates that having breakfast high in rapidly available carbohydrates increases the risk of metabolic syndrome.", "Breakfast __knowledge__ Present professional opinion is largely in favor of eating breakfast, but some contest the positive implications of its \"most important\" status.", "Thaat __knowledge__ A thāt (; ; ; ; also transliterated as \"thaat\") is a mode in north Indian or Hindustani music.", "Thaat __knowledge__ Thāts always have seven different pitches (called \"swara\") and are a basis for the organization and classification of ragas in classical music.", "Thaat __knowledge__ The modern \"thāt\" system was created by Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande (1860–1936), one of the most influential musicologists in the field of classical music in the early decades of the twentieth century.", "Thaat __knowledge__ Bhatkhande modeled his system after the Carnatic \"melakarta classification\", devised around 1640 A.D. by the musicologist Venkatamakhin.", "Thaat __knowledge__ Bhatkhande visited many of the gharanas (schools) of classical music, conducting a detailed analysis of ragas.", "Puriya Dhanashree __knowledge__ Puriya Dhanashree is a rāga in Hindustani classical music.", "Puriya Dhanashree __knowledge__ It belongs to the Poorvi Thaat and has been derived from the Janak raga.", "Puriya Dhanashree __knowledge__ A \"raga\" in Sanskrit means a melody which is pleasing to the ear therefore a raga must consist of a melody or a scale and must be pleasant to listen to.", "Puriya Dhanashree __knowledge__ Based on Pandit Bhatkhande's classification system, all ragas are derived from \"thaats\" or scales.", "Puriya Dhanashree __knowledge__ Thaats form the derivative scales for all ragas in Hindustani classical music.", "Puriya Dhanashree __knowledge__ Thaats are sampoorna or complete and consist of all the seven notes present in hindustaani music.", "Puriya Dhanashree __knowledge__ The notes may however be present in either komal or tivra or shuddh forms in the thaat depending on the scale.", "Zero-point energy __knowledge__ Zero-point energy (ZPE) or ground state energy is the lowest possible energy that a quantum mechanical system may have.", "Zero-point energy __knowledge__ Unlike in classical mechanics, quantum systems constantly fluctuate in their lowest energy state due to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.", "Zero-point energy __knowledge__ As well as atoms and molecules, the empty space of the vacuum has these properties.", "Zero-point energy __knowledge__ According to Quantum Field Theory the universe can be thought of not as isolated particles but continuous fluctuating fields: matter fields, whose quanta are fermions (i.e.", "Zero-point energy __knowledge__ leptons and quarks), and force fields, whose quanta are bosons (e.g.", "Zero-point energy __knowledge__ photons and gluons).", "Nutrient cycling in the Columbia River Basin __knowledge__ Nutrient cycling in the Columbia River Basin involves the transport of nutrients through the system, as well as transformations from among dissolved, solid, and gaseous phases, depending on the element.", "Nutrient cycling in the Columbia River Basin __knowledge__ The elements that constitute important nutrient cycles include macronutrients such as nitrogen (as ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate), silicate, phosphorus, and micronutrients, which are found in trace amounts, such as iron.", "Nutrient cycling in the Columbia River Basin __knowledge__ Their cycling within a system is controlled by many biological, chemical, and physical processes.", "Nutrient cycling in the Columbia River Basin __knowledge__ The Columbia River Basin is the largest freshwater system of the Pacific Northwest, and due to its complexity, size, and modification by humans, nutrient cycling within the system is affected by many different components.", "History of physics __knowledge__ Physics (from the Ancient Greek φύσις \"physis\" meaning \"nature\") is the fundamental branch of science that developed out of the study of nature and philosophy known, until around the end of the 19th century, as \"natural philosophy\".", "History of physics __knowledge__ Today, physics is ultimately defined as the study of matter, energy and the relationships between them.", "History of physics __knowledge__ Physics is, in some senses, the oldest and most basic pure science; its discoveries find applications throughout the natural sciences, since matter and energy are the basic constituents of the natural world.", "History of physics __knowledge__ The other sciences are generally more limited in their scope and may be considered branches that have split off from physics to become sciences in their own right.", "Advaita Vedanta __knowledge__ Advaita Vedanta (IAST, '; , literally, \"not-two\"), originally known as Puruṣavāda\"', is a school of Hindu philosophy and religious practice, and one of the classic Indian paths to spiritual realization.", "Advaita Vedanta __knowledge__ The term \"Advaita\" refers to its idea that the soul (true Self, Atman) is the same as the highest metaphysical Reality (Brahman).", "Advaita Vedanta __knowledge__ The followers of this school are known as \"Advaita Vedantins\", or just \"Advaitins\", and they seek spiritual liberation through acquiring \"vidyā\" (knowledge) of one's true identity as \"Atman\", and the identity of \"Atman\" and \"Brahman\".", "Advaita Vedanta __knowledge__ Advaita Vedanta traces its roots in the oldest Upanishads.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands had a considerable part in the making of modern society.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The Netherlands and its people have made numerous seminal contributions to the world's civilization, especially in art, science, technology and engineering, economics and finance, cartography and geography, exploration and navigation, law and jurisprudence, thought and philosophy, medicine, and agriculture.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ Dutch-speaking people, in spite of their relatively small number, have a significant history of invention, innovation, discovery and exploration.", "List of Dutch inventions and discoveries __knowledge__ The following list is composed of objects, (largely) unknown lands, breakthrough ideas/concepts, principles, phenomena, processes, methods, techniques, styles etc., that were discovered or invented (or pioneered) by people from the Netherlands and Dutch-speaking people from the former Southern Netherlands (\"Zuid-Nederlanders\" in Dutch).", "Fasting __knowledge__ Fasting is a willing abstinence or reduction from some or all food, drink, or both, for a period of time.", "Fasting __knowledge__ An absolute fast or dry fasting is normally defined as abstinence from all food and liquid for a defined period, usually a period of 24 hours, or a number of days.", "Fasting __knowledge__ Water fasting allows drinking water but nothing else.", "Fasting __knowledge__ Other fasts may be partially restrictive, limiting only particular foods or substances.", "Fasting __knowledge__ A fast may also be intermittent in nature.", "Fasting __knowledge__ Fasting practices may preclude intercourse and other activities as well as food.", "Fasting __knowledge__ In a physiological context, fasting may refer to the metabolic status of a person who has not eaten overnight, or to the metabolic state achieved after complete digestion and absorption of a meal.", "Fasting and abstinence of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria __knowledge__ The Copts (Christians of Egypt) who belong mostly to the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria, observe fasting periods according to the Coptic calendar.", "Fasting and abstinence of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria __knowledge__ These fasting periods are exceeded by no other Christian community except the Ethiopian Orthodox Church.", "Fasting and abstinence of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria __knowledge__ Out of the 365 days of the year, the Copts fast over 210 days.", "Fasting and abstinence of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria __knowledge__ There are spiritual, symbolic, and even practical reasons for fasting.", "Fasting and abstinence of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria __knowledge__ In the fall from Paradise man became possessed of a carnal nature; he adopted carnal practices.", "Fasting and abstinence of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria __knowledge__ Through fasting, the Orthodox Christians attempt to recapture Paradise in their lives by refraining from those carnal practices.", "Ramadan __knowledge__ Ramadan (; ', ; also romanized as Ramzan, Ramadhan, or Ramathan\"') is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, and is observed by Muslims worldwide as a month of fasting (Sawm) to commemorate the first revelation of the Quran to Muhammad according to Islamic belief.", "Ramadan __knowledge__ This annual observance is regarded as one of the Five Pillars of Islam.", "Ramadan __knowledge__ The month lasts 29–30 days based on the visual sightings of the crescent moon, according to numerous biographical accounts compiled in the hadiths.", "Ramadan __knowledge__ The word Ramadan comes from the Arabic root \"ramiḍa\" or \"ar-ramaḍ,\" which means scorching heat or dryness.", "Ramadan __knowledge__ Fasting is fard (obligatory) for adult Muslims, except those who are suffering from an illness, travelling, are elderly, pregnant, breastfeeding, diabetic, chronically ill or menstruating.", "Eastern Orthodox Church __knowledge__ The Eastern Orthodox Church, also known as the Orthodox Church, or officially as the Orthodox Catholic Church, is the second-largest Christian Church, with over 250 million members.", "Eastern Orthodox Church __knowledge__ As one of the oldest religious institutions in the world, it has played a prominent role in the history and culture of Eastern Europe, Greece (including Anatolia), the Caucasus, and the Near East.", "Eastern Orthodox Church __knowledge__ A communion of autocephalous churches (″jurisdictions″, or national churches), each typically governed by its own Holy Synod, its bishops are equal by virtue of ordination, with doctrines summarised in the Nicene Creed.", "Eastern Orthodox Church __knowledge__ The Church has no central doctrinal or governance authority analogous to the Roman Catholic Church's pope; however, the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople is recognised by all as primus inter pares of the bishops, and the Church of Constantinople, since the Great Schism of 1054, enjoys precedence and certain prerogatives.", "Lent __knowledge__ Lent (Latin: Quadragesima: \"Fortieth\") is a solemn religious observance in the Christian liturgical calendar that begins on Ash Wednesday and ends approximately six weeks later, before Easter Sunday.", "Lent __knowledge__ The purpose of Lent is the preparation of the believer through prayer, doing penance, mortifying the flesh, repentance of sins, almsgiving, and self-denial.", "Lent __knowledge__ This event is observed in the Anglican, Eastern Orthodox, Lutheran, Methodist, and Roman Catholic Churches.", "Lent __knowledge__ Some Anabaptist and evangelical churches also observe the Lenten season.", "Lent __knowledge__ Its institutional purpose is heightened in the annual commemoration of Holy Week, marking the death, burial, and resurrection of Jesus, which recalls the tradition and events of the New Testament beginning on Palm Sunday, further climaxing on Jesus' crucifixion on Good Friday, which ultimately culminates in the joyful celebration on Easter Sunday of the Resurrection of Jesus Christ.", "Saint Nicholas Day __knowledge__ Saint Nicholas' Day, observed on December 6 in Western Christian countries and Romania, December 5 in the Netherlands and December 19 in Eastern Christian countries, is the feast day of Saint Nicholas.", "Saint Nicholas Day __knowledge__ It is celebrated as a Christian festival with particular regard to his reputation as a bringer of gifts, as well as through the attendance of Mass, liturgy, or worship services.", "Saint Nicholas Day __knowledge__ In Europe, especially in \"Germany and Poland, boys would dress as bishops begging alms for the poor.\"", "Saint Nicholas Day __knowledge__ In Ukraine, children wait for St. Nicholas to come and to put a present under their pillows provided that the children were good during the year." ] ]

[ 1, 13, 2, 1 ]

[ "i like to cook breakfast on sundays. As the first meal of my day to be eaten in the morning, i want it to be specially made for me and by me ", "Yes, I do prefer myself a full breakfast which includes bacon, sausages, eggs and a beverage such as coffee or tea.", "Yes it is because it is breaking the fasting period of the prior night.", "Being the first meal of the day, it should be regarded as being important. You need to get energy right from the morning" ]

[ "Breakfast", "Breakfast", "Breakfast", "Breakfast" ]

[ "Fishing vessel", "Do you eat the fish that you catch or throw them back in the water?", "What type of fish do you usually catch?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ A fishing vessel is a boat or ship used to catch fish in the sea, or on a lake or river.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Many different kinds of vessels are used in commercial, artisanal and recreational fishing.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ According to the FAO, there are currently (2004) four million commercial fishing vessels.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ About 1.3 million of these are decked vessels with enclosed areas.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Nearly all of these decked vessels are mechanised, and 40,000 of them are over 100 tons.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ At the other extreme, two-thirds (1.8 million) of the undecked boats are traditional craft of various types, powered only by sail and oars.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ These boats are used by artisan fishers.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ It is difficult to estimate the number of recreational fishing boats.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ They range in size from small dinghies to large charter cruisers, and unlike commercial fishing vessels, are often not dedicated just to fishing.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Prior to the 1950s there was little standardisation of fishing boats.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Designs could vary between ports and boatyards.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Traditionally boats were built of wood, but wood is not often used now because it has higher maintenance costs and lower durability.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Fibreglass is used increasingly in smaller fishing vessels up to 25 metres (100 tons), while steel is usually used on vessels above 25 metres." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ A fishing vessel is a boat or ship used to catch fish in the sea, or on a lake or river.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Many different kinds of vessels are used in commercial, artisanal and recreational fishing.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ According to the FAO, there are currently (2004) four million commercial fishing vessels.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ About 1.3 million of these are decked vessels with enclosed areas.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Nearly all of these decked vessels are mechanised, and 40,000 of them are over 100 tons.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ At the other extreme, two-thirds (1.8 million) of the undecked boats are traditional craft of various types, powered only by sail and oars.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ These boats are used by artisan fishers.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ It is difficult to estimate the number of recreational fishing boats.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ They range in size from small dinghies to large charter cruisers, and unlike commercial fishing vessels, are often not dedicated just to fishing.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Prior to the 1950s there was little standardisation of fishing boats.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Designs could vary between ports and boatyards.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Traditionally boats were built of wood, but wood is not often used now because it has higher maintenance costs and lower durability.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Fibreglass is used increasingly in smaller fishing vessels up to 25 metres (100 tons), while steel is usually used on vessels above 25 metres.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Melanesian mythology is the folklore, myths and religion of Melanesia — the archipelagos of New Guinea, the Torres Strait Islands, the Admiralty Islands, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia and Vanuatu.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Professor Roland Burrage Dixon wrote an account of the mythology of this region for \"The Mythology of All Races\", which was published in 1916.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ Since that time, the region has developed new cults and legends as a result of exposure to western civilisations and their missionaries.", "Melanesian mythology __knowledge__ These include the cargo cults in which the natives attempt to restore the supply of material goods which were a side-effect of the campaigning in this region during the Pacific War.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Nile crocodile __knowledge__ The Nile crocodile (\"Crocodylus niloticus\") is an African crocodile, the largest freshwater predator in Africa, and may be considered the second largest extant reptile in the world, after the saltwater crocodile (\"Crocodylus porosus\").", "Nile crocodile __knowledge__ The Nile crocodile is quite widespread throughout Sub-Saharan Africa, occurring mostly in the central, eastern, and southern regions of the continent and lives in different types of aquatic environments such as lakes, rivers and marshlands.", "Nile crocodile __knowledge__ Although capable of living in saline environments, this species is rarely found in saltwater, but occasionally inhabits deltas and brackish lakes.", "Forage fish __knowledge__ Forage fish, also called prey fish or bait fish, are small pelagic fish which are preyed on by larger predators for food.", "Forage fish __knowledge__ Predators include other larger fish, seabirds and marine mammals.", "Forage fish __knowledge__ Typical ocean forage fish feed near the base of the food chain on plankton, often by filter feeding.", "Forage fish __knowledge__ They include particularly fishes of the family Clupeidae (herrings, sardines, shad, hilsa, menhaden, anchovies and sprats), but also other small fish, including halfbeaks, silversides, smelt such as capelin, and the goldband fusiliers pictured on the right.", "Forage fish __knowledge__ Forage fish compensate for their small size by forming schools.", "Pelagic fish __knowledge__ Pelagic fish live in the pelagic zone of ocean or lake waters – being neither close to the bottom nor near the shore – in contrast with demersal fish, which do live on or near the bottom, and reef fish, which are associated with coral reefs.", "Pelagic fish __knowledge__ The marine pelagic environment is the largest aquatic habitat on Earth, occupying 1,370 million cubic kilometres (330 million cubic miles), and is the habitat for 11% of known fish species.", "Pelagic fish __knowledge__ The oceans have a mean depth of 4000 metres.", "Pelagic fish __knowledge__ About 98% of the total water volume is below , and 75% is below .", "Pelagic fish __knowledge__ Marine pelagic fish can be divided into pelagic coastal fish and oceanic pelagic fish.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Fly fishing is an angling method in which an artificial \"fly\" is used to catch fish.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ The fly is cast using a fly rod, reel, and specialized weighted line.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Casting a nearly weightless fly or \"lure\" requires casting techniques significantly different from other forms of casting.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Fly fishermen use hand tied flies that resemble natural invertebrates, baitfish, other food organisms, or \"lures\" to provoke the fish to strike (bite at the fly).", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Fly fishing can be done in fresh or salt water.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ North Americans usually distinguish freshwater fishing between cold-water species (trout, salmon, steelhead) and warm-water species, notably bass.", "Lake Erie __knowledge__ Lake Erie (); is the fourth-largest lake (by surface area) of the five Great Lakes in North America, and the eleventh-largest globally if measured in terms of surface area.", "Lake Erie __knowledge__ It is the southernmost, shallowest, and smallest by volume of the Great Lakes and therefore also has the shortest average water residence time.", "Lake Erie __knowledge__ At its deepest point Lake Erie is deep.", "Lake Erie __knowledge__ Situated on the International Boundary between Canada and the United States, Lake Erie's northern shore is the Canadian province of Ontario, with the U.S. states of Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and New York on its western, southern and eastern shores.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fishing is the activity of trying to catch fish.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fish are normally caught in the wild.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Techniques for catching fish include hand gathering, spearing, netting, angling and trapping.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fishing may include catching aquatic animals other than fish, such as molluscs, cephalopods, crustaceans, and echinoderms.", "Fishing __knowledge__ The term is not normally applied to catching farmed fish, or to aquatic mammals, such as whales where the term whaling is more appropriate.", "Fishing __knowledge__ According to the United Nations FAO statistics, the total number of commercial fishermen and fish farmers is estimated to be 38 million.", "Fishing __knowledge__ Fisheries and aquaculture provide direct and indirect employment to over 500 million people in developing countries.", "Traditional fishing boat __knowledge__ Traditionally, many different kinds of boats have been used as fishing boats to catch fish in the sea, or on a lake or river.", "Traditional fishing boat __knowledge__ Even today, many traditional fishing boats are still in use.", "Traditional fishing boat __knowledge__ According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), at the end of 2004, the world fishing fleet consisted of about 4 million vessels, of which 2.7 million were undecked (open) boats.", "Traditional fishing boat __knowledge__ While nearly all decked vessels were mechanised, only one-third of the undecked fishing boats were powered, usually with outboard engines.", "Traditional fishing boat __knowledge__ The remaining 1.8 million boats were traditional craft of various types, operated by sail and oars.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ Mullion Cove or Porth Mellin is a small community on the west coast of the Lizard Peninsula in Cornwall, England.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ It is on the eastern side of the Mount's Bay.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ The Cove forms part of the parish of Mullion, and is accessible by road from Mullion village, away to the north east, and also by the popular South West coast path.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ It lies within an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) The Cove is south of Porthleven and southeast of Penzance by sea.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ It is south of Helston by land and southwest of Falmouth by land.", "Mullion Cove __knowledge__ In 1937 a stretch of the coast from Mullion Cove to Predannack was preserved for the nation with the help of the Council for the Preservation of Rural England (CPRE) and the National Trust.", "Scottish east coast fishery __knowledge__ The Scottish east coast fishery has been in existence for more than a thousand years, spanning the Viking age right up to the present day.", "Scottish east coast fishery __knowledge__ The fishery has always been for both whitefish and herring.", "Scottish east coast fishery __knowledge__ The Norsemen came to Scotland from the 9th to 11th centuries and settled in the Northern Isles, Western Isles and on the mainland.", "Scottish east coast fishery __knowledge__ They had fish as a large part of their diet, and excavations of Viking sites in Orkney and Shetland have found middens (kitchen waste areas) containing large quantities of fish bones.", "Scottish east coast fishery __knowledge__ These bones were mainly of cod, saithe and ling but herring, haddock and whiting bones were also found.", "Squanto __knowledge__ Tisquantum (; 1585 (±10 years ?)", "Squanto __knowledge__ – late November 1622 o.s.", "Squanto __knowledge__ ), more commonly known by the diminutive variant Squanto, was a member of the Patuxet tribe best known for being an early liaison between the native populations in Southern New England and the \"Mayflower\" settlers, who made their settlement at the site of Squanto's former summer village.", "Squanto __knowledge__ The Patuxet tribe had lived on the western coast of Cape Cod Bay, but they were wiped out by an epidemic infection.", "Squanto __knowledge__ Squanto was the last of the tribe, and he acted as a translator, guide, and advisor while he lived with the Pilgrims for 20 months.", "Squanto __knowledge__ He showed them how to sow and fertilize native crops, and this proved to be a boon when the seeds brought largely failed which had been brought from England." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ A fishing vessel is a boat or ship used to catch fish in the sea, or on a lake or river.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Many different kinds of vessels are used in commercial, artisanal and recreational fishing.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ According to the FAO, there are currently (2004) four million commercial fishing vessels.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ About 1.3 million of these are decked vessels with enclosed areas.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Nearly all of these decked vessels are mechanised, and 40,000 of them are over 100 tons.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ At the other extreme, two-thirds (1.8 million) of the undecked boats are traditional craft of various types, powered only by sail and oars.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ These boats are used by artisan fishers.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ It is difficult to estimate the number of recreational fishing boats.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ They range in size from small dinghies to large charter cruisers, and unlike commercial fishing vessels, are often not dedicated just to fishing.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Prior to the 1950s there was little standardisation of fishing boats.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Designs could vary between ports and boatyards.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Traditionally boats were built of wood, but wood is not often used now because it has higher maintenance costs and lower durability.", "Fishing vessel __knowledge__ Fibreglass is used increasingly in smaller fishing vessels up to 25 metres (100 tons), while steel is usually used on vessels above 25 metres.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the California coast, the use of ships and the Pacific Ocean has historically included water craft (such as dugouts, canoes, sailing ships, and steamships), fisheries, shipbuilding, Gold Rush shipping, ports, shipwrecks, naval ships and installations, and lighthouses.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ The maritime history of California can be divided into several periods: the Native American period; European exploration period from 1542 to 1769; the Spanish colonial period, 1769 to 1821; the Mexican period, 1821 to 1847; and United States statehood period, which continues to the present day.", "Maritime history of California __knowledge__ In the northwest coast of California near the redwood forests several Indian tribes developed large dugout canoes they used for fishing, trade and warfare.", "Pelagic fish __knowledge__ Pelagic fish live in the pelagic zone of ocean or lake waters – being neither close to the bottom nor near the shore – in contrast with demersal fish, which do live on or near the bottom, and reef fish, which are associated with coral reefs.", "Pelagic fish __knowledge__ The marine pelagic environment is the largest aquatic habitat on Earth, occupying 1,370 million cubic kilometres (330 million cubic miles), and is the habitat for 11% of known fish species.", "Pelagic fish __knowledge__ The oceans have a mean depth of 4000 metres.", "Pelagic fish __knowledge__ About 98% of the total water volume is below , and 75% is below .", "Pelagic fish __knowledge__ Marine pelagic fish can be divided into pelagic coastal fish and oceanic pelagic fish.", "Gillnetting __knowledge__ Gillnetting is a common fishing method used by commercial and artisanal fishermen of all the oceans and in some freshwater and estuary areas.", "Gillnetting __knowledge__ “Gill nets are vertical panels of netting normally set in a straight line.", "Gillnetting __knowledge__ Fish may be caught by gill nets in 3 ways : Most often fish are gilled.", "Gillnetting __knowledge__ A fish swims into a net and passes only part way through the mesh.", "Gillnetting __knowledge__ When it struggles to free itself, the twine slips behind the gill cover and prevents escape.” Gillnets are so effective that their use is closely monitored and regulated by fisheries management and enforcement agencies.", "Gillnetting __knowledge__ Mesh size, twine strength, as well as net length and depth are all closely regulated to reduce bycatch of non-target species.", "Stirrup __knowledge__ A stirrup is a light frame or ring that holds the foot of a rider, attached to the saddle by a strap, often called a stirrup leather.", "Stirrup __knowledge__ Stirrups are usually paired and are used to aid in mounting and as a support while using a riding animal (usually a horse or other equine, such as a mule).", "Stirrup __knowledge__ They greatly increase the rider's ability to stay in the saddle and control the mount, increasing the animal's usefulness to humans in areas such as communication, transportation and warfare.", "Stirrup __knowledge__ In antiquity, the earliest foot supports consisted of riders placing their feet under a girth or using a simple toe loop.", "Catch and release __knowledge__ Catch and release is a practice within recreational fishing intended as a technique of conservation.", "Catch and release __knowledge__ After capture, the fish are unhooked and returned to the water.", "Catch and release __knowledge__ Often, a fast measurement and weighing of the fish is worthwhile.", "Catch and release __knowledge__ Using barbless hooks, it is often possible to release the fish without removing it from the water (a slack line is frequently sufficient).", "Catch and release __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, catch and release has been performed for more than a century by coarse fishermen in order to prevent target species from disappearing in heavily fished waters.", "Catch and release __knowledge__ Since the latter part of the 20th century, many salmon and sea trout rivers have been converted to complete or partial catch and release.", "Overfishing __knowledge__ Overfishing is a form of overexploitation where fish stocks are reduced to below acceptable levels.", "Overfishing __knowledge__ Overfishing can occur in water bodies of any sizes, such as ponds, rivers, lakes or oceans, and can result in resource depletion, reduced biological growth rates and low biomass levels.", "Overfishing __knowledge__ Sustained overfishing can lead to critical depensation, where the fish population is no longer able to sustain itself.", "Overfishing __knowledge__ Some forms of overfishing, for example the overfishing of sharks, has led to the upset of entire marine ecosystems.", "Overfishing __knowledge__ The ability of a fishery to recover from overfishing depends on whether the ecosystem's conditions are suitable for the recovery.", "Fishing in Pakistan __knowledge__ Fishery and fishing industry plays a significant part in the national economy of Pakistan.", "Fishing in Pakistan __knowledge__ With a coastline of about 814 km, Pakistan has enough fishery resources that remain to be developed.", "Fishing in Pakistan __knowledge__ Most of the population of the coastal areas of Sindh and Balochistan depends on fisheries for livelihood.", "Fishing in Pakistan __knowledge__ It is also a major source of export earning.", "Fishing in Pakistan __knowledge__ Fishing industry is the managed by the Fisheries Development Commissioner (FDC) under the Ministry Food, Agriculture Livestock (MFAL) of Government of Pakistan.", "Fishing in Pakistan __knowledge__ The office of the FDC is responsible for policy, planning and coordination with provincial fisheries departments and other national and international agencies such as Asia-Pacific Fishery Commission.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Fly fishing is an angling method in which an artificial \"fly\" is used to catch fish.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ The fly is cast using a fly rod, reel, and specialized weighted line.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Casting a nearly weightless fly or \"lure\" requires casting techniques significantly different from other forms of casting.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Fly fishermen use hand tied flies that resemble natural invertebrates, baitfish, other food organisms, or \"lures\" to provoke the fish to strike (bite at the fly).", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ Fly fishing can be done in fresh or salt water.", "Fly fishing __knowledge__ North Americans usually distinguish freshwater fishing between cold-water species (trout, salmon, steelhead) and warm-water species, notably bass.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Fishing is the practice of catching fish.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ It is a pre-historic practice dating back at least 40,000 years.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Since the 16th century fishing vessels have been able to cross oceans in pursuit of fish and since the 19th century it has been possible to use larger vessels and in some cases process the fish on board.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Fish are normally caught in the wild.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ Techniques for catching fish include hand gathering, spearing, netting, angling and trapping.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ The term fishing may be applied to catching other aquatic animals such as shellfish, cephalopods, crustaceans, and echinoderms.", "History of fishing __knowledge__ The term is not usually applied to catching aquatic mammals, such as whales, where the term whaling is more appropriate, or to farmed fish.", "Artificial fly __knowledge__ An artificial fly or fly lure is a type of fishing lure, usually used in the sport of fly fishing (although they may also be used in other forms of angling).", "Artificial fly __knowledge__ In general, artificial flies are an imitation of natural food sources which fly fishers present to their of fish while fly fishing.", "Artificial fly __knowledge__ Artificial flies are constructed by fly tying, in which furs, feathers, thread or any of very many other materials are tied onto a fish hook.", "Artificial fly __knowledge__ Artificial flies may be constructed to represent all manner of potential freshwater and saltwater fish prey to include aquatic and terrestrial insects, crustaceans, worms, baitfish, vegetation, flesh, spawn, small reptiles, amphibians, mammals and birds, etc.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Recreational fishing, also called sport fishing, is fishing for pleasure or competition.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ It can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is fishing for profit, or subsistence fishing, which is fishing for survival.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ The most common form of recreational fishing is done with a rod, reel, line, hooks and any one of a wide range of baits.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Other devices, commonly referred to as \"terminal tackle\", are also used to affect or complement the presentation of the bait to the targeted fish.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Some examples of terminal tackle include weights, floats, and swivels.", "Recreational fishing __knowledge__ Lures are frequently used in place of bait.", "Fly tying __knowledge__ Fly tying is the process of producing an artificial fly used by fly fishing anglers to catch fish.", "Fly tying __knowledge__ Helen Shaw, an American professional fly tyer, defined it as the \"simple process of binding various materials to a hook with thread\".", "Fly tying __knowledge__ However, thread is no longer always necessary since modern materials such as UV-cured resins can be used to fix the materials to the hook.", "Fly tying __knowledge__ Fly tying requires some basic equipment, a fly pattern to follow or replicate, and the appropriate materials for the particular fly pattern selected.", "Fly tying __knowledge__ Fly tying equipment enables the fly tyer to efficiently and effectively assemble and secure the materials on the hook.", "Fly fishing tackle __knowledge__ Fly fishing tackle comprises the fishing tackle or equipment typically used by fly anglers.", "Fly fishing tackle __knowledge__ Fly fishing tackle includes: Fly rods normally vary between 2 m (6 ft) and 4 m (13 ft) in length with the most common length sold being 2.74 m (9 ft).", "Fly fishing tackle __knowledge__ Rod lengths are typically given in imperial measurements of feet and inches.", "Fly fishing tackle __knowledge__ Fly rods and lines are designated as to their \"weight\", typically written as Nwt where 'N' is the number (\"e.g.\"", "Fly fishing tackle __knowledge__ 8wt, 9wt, 10wt).", "Fly fishing tackle __knowledge__ Rods are matched to the line according to weight.", "Fly fishing tackle __knowledge__ The rod's manufacturer will mark on the rod the fly line weights for which a rod has been designed.", "Fly fishing tackle __knowledge__ One-weight (1wt) rods and lines are the lightest; the weight designations increase in whole number increments as the rod becomes heavier.", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ A fishing rod is a long, flexible rod used to catch fish.", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ At its simplest, a fishing rod is a simple stick or pole attached to a line ending in a hook (formerly known as an \"angle\", hence the term angling).", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ The length of the rod can vary between .", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ To entice fish, bait or lures are impaled on one or more hooks attached to the line.", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ The line is generally stored on a reel which reduces tangles and assists in landing a fish.", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ Traditionally rods are made from bamboo, while contemporary rods are usually made from fibreglass or carbon fibre.", "Fishing rod __knowledge__ In contrast with nets, which are usually used in subsistence and commercial fishing, fishing rods are more often used in recreational fishing and competitive casting." ] ]

[ 1, 46, 37 ]

[ "I love summer. I spend a lot of time on my fishing boat. It is a vessel that we use to catch fish on the lake or river.", "I usually cook them. We do a lot of fly fishing. It is a method where you use an artificial fly to lure the fish", "We like to catch salmon if we are catch and release fishing. Many salmon and trout rivers are actually catch and release now" ]

[ "Fishing vessel", "Fishing vessel", "Fishing vessel" ]

[ "Cat\nDo you you have a cat by chance? I have a Siamese.", "What kind of cat? Does she leave the captured vermin on the doorstep or does she eat them?", "What's a polydactyl cat?", "Wow! Like a person with six finger!" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cat __knowledge__ The domestic cat (\"Felis silvestris catus\" or \"Felis catus\") is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often called house cats when kept as indoor pets or simply cats when there is no need to distinguish them from other felids and felines.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often valued by humans for companionship and for their ability to hunt vermin.", "Cat __knowledge__ There are more than seventy cat breeds recognized by various cat registries.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with a strong flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cat senses fit a crepuscular and predatory ecological niche.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats can hear sounds too faint or too high in frequency for human ears, such as those made by mice and other small animals.", "Cat __knowledge__ They can see in near darkness.", "Cat __knowledge__ Like most other mammals, cats have poorer color vision and a better sense of smell than humans.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats, despite being solitary hunters, are a social species and cat communication includes the use of a variety of vocalizations (mewing, purring, trilling, hissing, growling, and grunting), as well as cat pheromones and types of cat-specific body language.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats have a high breeding rate.", "Cat __knowledge__ Under controlled breeding, they can be bred and shown as registered pedigree pets, a hobby known as cat fancy.", "Siamese cat __knowledge__ The Siamese cat is one of the first distinctly recognized breeds of Asian cat.", "Siamese cat __knowledge__ Derived from the Wichianmat landrace, one of several varieties of cat native to Thailand (formerly known as Siam), the Siamese became one of the most popular breeds in Europe and North America in the 19th century.", "Siamese cat __knowledge__ The carefully refined modern Siamese is characterized by blue almond-shaped eyes; a triangular head shape; large ears; an elongated, slender, and muscular body; and point colouration.", "Siamese cat __knowledge__ (Aside from the colouration, it bears little resemblance to the original stock, and the more moderate, traditional or \"old-style\" Siamese, with a much rounder head and body, has been re-established by multiple registries as the Thai cat.)", "Thai cat __knowledge__ The Thai cat or Wichien Maat (, , , meaning 'moon diamond') is a newly renamed but old cat breed, related to but distinct from the Western, modern Siamese cat.", "Thai cat __knowledge__ This natural breed is descended from the landrace of ' cats of Thailand, and as a standardised breed has also been variously called the Old-style, Old-type, Traditional, or Classic Siamese; the Whichian Mat (anglicised from the Thai name); and the Applehead, a nickname that originated as a pejorative used by breeders of the modern-style Siamese.", "Thai cat __knowledge__ According to The International Cat Association: \"The Thai is breed dedicated to preserving the native pointed cat of Thailand in as close to its original form as possible.\"", "Burmese–Siamese War (1765–67) __knowledge__ The Burmese–Siamese War (1765–1767) (; , lit.", "Burmese–Siamese War (1765–67) __knowledge__ \"war of the second fall of Ayutthaya\") was the second military conflict between the Konbaung Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) and the Ban Phlu Luang Dynasty of Siam (Thailand), and the war that ended the four-century-old Siamese kingdom.", "Burmese–Siamese War (1765–67) __knowledge__ Nonetheless, the Burmese were soon forced to give up their hard-won gains when the Chinese invasions of their homeland forced a complete withdrawal by the end of 1767.", "Burmese–Siamese War (1765–67) __knowledge__ A new Siamese dynasty, to which the current Thai monarchy traces its origins, emerged to reunify Siam by 1770.", "Burmese–Siamese War (1765–67) __knowledge__ This war was the continuation of the war of 1759–1760.", "Burmese–Siamese War (1759–60) __knowledge__ The Burmese–Siamese War (1759–1760) (; ) was the first military conflict between the Konbaung Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar) and the Ban Phlu Luang Dynasty of Siam (Thailand).", "Burmese–Siamese War (1759–60) __knowledge__ It reignited the centuries-long warfare between the two states that would go on for another century.", "Burmese–Siamese War (1759–60) __knowledge__ The Burmese were \"on the brink of victory\" when they suddenly withdrew from their siege of Ayutthaya because their king Alaungpaya had fallen ill.", "Burmese–Siamese War (1759–60) __knowledge__ He died three weeks later, ending the war.", "Burmese–Siamese War (1759–60) __knowledge__ The casus belli were over the control of the Tenasserim coast and its trade, and the Siamese support for ethnic Mon rebels of the fallen Restored Hanthawaddy Kingdom.", "Persian cat __knowledge__ The Persian cat (Persian: گربه ایرانی \"Gorbe Irâni\") is a long-haired breed of cat characterized by its round face and short muzzle.", "Persian cat __knowledge__ It is also known as the Persian Longhair.", "Persian cat __knowledge__ In the Middle East they are widely known as \"Iranian cat\" and in Iran they are known as \"Shirazi cat\".", "Persian cat __knowledge__ The first documented ancestors of the Persian were imported into Italy from Iran (Persia) around 1620.", "Persian cat __knowledge__ The exact history of the Persian cat does seem to be a bit of a mystery but many of these long-haired cats were seen in hieroglyphics.", "Persian cat __knowledge__ The story has it that these long-haired cats were then imported into Europe as their popularity grew and breeding took place in Italy and France.", "Military history of Myanmar __knowledge__ The military history of Myanmar (Burma) spans over a millennium, and is one of the main factors that have shaped the history of the country, and to a lesser degree the histories of the country's neighbours.", "Military history of Myanmar __knowledge__ At various times in history, successive Burmese kingdoms were also involved in warfare against their neighbouring states in the surrounding regions of modern Burmese borders—from Bengal, Manipur and Assam in the west, to Yunnan (the southern China) in the northeast, to Laos and Siam in the east and southeast.", "Military history of Myanmar __knowledge__ The Royal Burmese Army was a major Southeast Asian armed force between the 11th and 13th centuries and between 16th and 19th centuries.", "Snowshoe cat __knowledge__ The Snowshoe is a rare breed of cat originating in the United States of America in the 1960s.", "Snowshoe cat __knowledge__ Snowshoes were first produced in Philadelphia when a Siamese breeder's cat gave birth to three kittens with white feet.", "Snowshoe cat __knowledge__ The breeder, Dorothy Hinds-Daugherty, then began a breeding program to produce what were originally called \"Silver Laces\", crossing the strangely marked Siamese cats with bi-color American Shorthair cats and other breeds.", "Snowshoe cat __knowledge__ When Hinds-Daugherty left the program, Vikki Olander began working with the cats and recruited new breeders, as well as worked towards full recognition within cat associations." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cat __knowledge__ The domestic cat (\"Felis silvestris catus\" or \"Felis catus\") is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often called house cats when kept as indoor pets or simply cats when there is no need to distinguish them from other felids and felines.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often valued by humans for companionship and for their ability to hunt vermin.", "Cat __knowledge__ There are more than seventy cat breeds recognized by various cat registries.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with a strong flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cat senses fit a crepuscular and predatory ecological niche.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats can hear sounds too faint or too high in frequency for human ears, such as those made by mice and other small animals.", "Cat __knowledge__ They can see in near darkness.", "Cat __knowledge__ Like most other mammals, cats have poorer color vision and a better sense of smell than humans.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats, despite being solitary hunters, are a social species and cat communication includes the use of a variety of vocalizations (mewing, purring, trilling, hissing, growling, and grunting), as well as cat pheromones and types of cat-specific body language.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats have a high breeding rate.", "Cat __knowledge__ Under controlled breeding, they can be bred and shown as registered pedigree pets, a hobby known as cat fancy.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ This article is about the characters in Brian Jacques' fantasy series \"Redwall\".", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the Abbey Warriors from the books \"The Legend of Luke\" to \"Eulalia!\".", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Martin I is an anthropomorphic mouse, appearing in the \"Redwall\" series by Brian Jacques.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Known as \"Martin the Warrior\" throughout the Redwall series, Martin, a woodland mouse, is the son of Luke the Warrior and his mate Sayna.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Luke is the kindly leader of an idyllic tribe of mice.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Their settlement is sacked by a wicked stoat pirate named Vilu Daskar, and Sayna is killed.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Luke vows revenge against the corsair captain and sets out after him, refusing Martin's wishes to join him, but leaving his sword in his son's possession.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Vermin (comics) __knowledge__ Vermin (Edward Whelan) is a fictional character, a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Vermin (comics) __knowledge__ The character's first appearance was in \"Captain America\" #272 (August 1982).", "Vermin (comics) __knowledge__ He was created by J. M. DeMatteis and Mike Zeck.", "Vermin (comics) __knowledge__ Edward Whelan suffered severe physical and sexual abuse as a child from his father.", "Vermin (comics) __knowledge__ As an adult, he became a geneticist working for Baron Helmut Zemo and Primus I (who was impersonating Arnim Zola).", "Vermin (comics) __knowledge__ In an experiment with the Primus/Arnim Zola imposter, his skin becomes a light pinkish fur color and he ends up resembling a cannibalistic, humanoid rat.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Some people abstain from consuming various foods and beverages in conformity with various religious, cultural, legal or other societal prohibitions.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Many of these prohibitions constitute taboos.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Many food taboos and other prohibitions forbid the meat of a particular animal, including mammals, rodents, reptiles, amphibians, fish, molluscs, crustaceans and insects, which may relate to a disgust response being more often associated with meats than plant-based foods.", "Food and drink prohibitions __knowledge__ Some prohibitions are specific to a particular part or excretion of an animal, while others forgo the consumption of plants or fungi.", "List of Tom and Jerry characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters in the \"Tom and Jerry\" cartoon short series.", "List of Tom and Jerry characters __knowledge__ Most of these characters did not appear in all of the movies.", "List of Tom and Jerry characters __knowledge__ Tom (named \"Jasper\" in his debut appearance) is a grey and white domestic shorthair cat.", "List of Tom and Jerry characters __knowledge__ \"Tom\" is a generic name for a male cat.", "List of Tom and Jerry characters __knowledge__ He is usually but not always, portrayed as living a comfortable, or even pampered life, while Jerry (named \"Jinx\" in his debut appearance) is a small, brown, house mouse who always lives in close proximity to Tom.", "List of Tom and Jerry characters __knowledge__ Despite being very energetic, determined and much larger, Tom is no match for Jerry's wits.", "List of Tom and Jerry characters __knowledge__ Jerry also possesses surprising strength for his size, approximately the equivalent of Tom's, lifting items such as anvils with relative ease and withstanding considerable impacts.", "Icche __knowledge__ Icche (English:\"Wish\") is a 2011 Bengali language Indian drama film directed by Shiboprosad Mukherjee and Nandita Roy.", "Icche __knowledge__ This is the debut film of the director duo.", "Icche __knowledge__ The film is based on Suchitra Bhattacharya's novel and revolves around the relationship between an obsessive mother and her son.", "Icche __knowledge__ The film was presented by Rituparna Sengupta.", "Icche __knowledge__ Manas is an insurance agent.", "Icche __knowledge__ He lives with his wife Mamata and son Shamik.", "Icche __knowledge__ Mamata is dissatisfied by her husband's outlook and dreams of bringing up her son differently.", "Icche __knowledge__ But, when Shamik grows up he starts rebelling against his mother's decisions and dominance.", "Icche __knowledge__ At the age of 16, Shamik falls in his first crush, Debjani.", "Norwich Terrier __knowledge__ The Norwich Terrier is a breed of dog originating in the United Kingdom, and was bred to hunt small vermin or rodents.", "Norwich Terrier __knowledge__ With a friendly personality, Norwich Terriers are today mostly a companion dog breed.", "Norwich Terrier __knowledge__ One of the smallest terriers, these dogs are generally healthy, but are relatively rare, due in part to their low litter size and the common need for caesarian sections.", "Norwich Terrier __knowledge__ Their drop-eared variety is the Norfolk Terrier.", "Norwich Terrier __knowledge__ These terriers are one of the smallest working terriers ; at the withers), with prick ears and a double coat, which come in red, tan, wheaten, black and tan, and grizzle.", "Norwich Terrier __knowledge__ These small but hardy dogs can be courageous, intelligent and affectionate.", "Feral cat __knowledge__ A feral cat is a cat that lives outdoors and has had little or no human contact.", "Feral cat __knowledge__ They do not allow themselves to be handled or touched by humans, and will run away if they are able.", "Feral cat __knowledge__ They typically remain hidden from humans, although some feral cats become more comfortable with people who regularly feed them.", "Feral cat __knowledge__ Even with long term attempts at socialization, feral cats usually remain fearful and avoidant of humans.", "Feral cat __knowledge__ Feral cats often live outdoors in colonies in locations where they can access food and shelter.", "Feral cat __knowledge__ These colonies are called \"managed colonies\" when they are provided with regular food and care by humans.", "Yali Dream Creations __knowledge__ Yali Dream Creations.", "Yali Dream Creations __knowledge__ LLC, commonly referred to as YDC, is a comics company focussed on creating original stories to engage global audiences using comics and graphic novels.", "Yali Dream Creations __knowledge__ Yali Dream Creations brings original and imaginative stories with an admixture of horror and fantasy; mind bending sci-fi and mythology.", "Yali Dream Creations __knowledge__ The company was founded in 2012 by Asvin Srivatsangam.", "Yali Dream Creations __knowledge__ Yali Dream Creations published its first graphic novel in 2013, written by Shamik Dasgupta.", "Yali Dream Creations __knowledge__ The name 'YALI' (யாளி) was inspired from Hindu Mythology.", "Yali Dream Creations __knowledge__ Yali ([jaːɭi]; also known as Vyala or Vidala in Sanskrit) is a mythical creature seen in many Hindu temples, often sculpted onto the pillars." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cat __knowledge__ The domestic cat (\"Felis silvestris catus\" or \"Felis catus\") is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often called house cats when kept as indoor pets or simply cats when there is no need to distinguish them from other felids and felines.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often valued by humans for companionship and for their ability to hunt vermin.", "Cat __knowledge__ There are more than seventy cat breeds recognized by various cat registries.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with a strong flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cat senses fit a crepuscular and predatory ecological niche.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats can hear sounds too faint or too high in frequency for human ears, such as those made by mice and other small animals.", "Cat __knowledge__ They can see in near darkness.", "Cat __knowledge__ Like most other mammals, cats have poorer color vision and a better sense of smell than humans.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats, despite being solitary hunters, are a social species and cat communication includes the use of a variety of vocalizations (mewing, purring, trilling, hissing, growling, and grunting), as well as cat pheromones and types of cat-specific body language.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats have a high breeding rate.", "Cat __knowledge__ Under controlled breeding, they can be bred and shown as registered pedigree pets, a hobby known as cat fancy.", "Polydactyl cat __knowledge__ A polydactyl cat is a cat with a congenital physical anomaly called polydactyly (or polydactylism, also known as hyperdactyly), that causes the cat to be born with more than the usual number of toes on one or more of its paws.", "Polydactyl cat __knowledge__ Cats with this genetically inherited trait are most commonly found along the East Coast of North America (in the United States and Canada) and in South West England and Wales.", "Polydactyl cat __knowledge__ True polydactyly is a congenital abnormality, genetically inherited as an autosomal dominant trait of the ZRS cis element of the Pd gene with incomplete penetrance.", "Polydactyl cat __knowledge__ Normal cats have a total of 18 toes, with five toes on each fore paw, and four toes on each hind paw; polydactyl cats may have as many as eight digits on their front and/or hind paws.", "List of experimental cat breeds __knowledge__ The following is a list of experimental cat breeds and crossbreeds that do not have the recognition of major national or international cat registries, such as The International Cat Association (TICA) in the US, Europe, and Australasia; the Governing Council of the Cat Fancy (GCCF) in the UK, the Fédération Internationale Féline (FiFE) in continental Europe, the Cat Fanciers' Association (CFA) in North America, or the more recent World Cat Federation based in Germany.", "List of experimental cat breeds __knowledge__ Such a breed may be recognized by one of the smaller cat registries.", "List of experimental cat breeds __knowledge__ Smaller registries include the Rare and Exotic Feline Registry (REFR), The Dwarf Cat Association (TDCA), and others.", "Ship's cat __knowledge__ The ship's cat has been a common feature on many trading, exploration, and naval ships dating to ancient times.", "Ship's cat __knowledge__ Cats have been carried on ships for many reasons, most importantly to catch mice and rats.", "Ship's cat __knowledge__ These vermin aboard a ship can cause damage to ropes, woodwork, and more recently, electrical wiring.", "Ship's cat __knowledge__ Also, rodents threaten ships' stores, devour crews' foodstuff, and could cause economic damage to ships' cargo such as grain.", "Ship's cat __knowledge__ They are also a source of disease, which is dangerous for ships that are at sea for long periods of time.", "Ship's cat __knowledge__ Rat fleas are carriers of plague, and rats on ships were believed to be a main spreader of the Black Death.", "Cat body-type mutation __knowledge__ Cats, like all living organisms, occasionally have mutations that affect their body type.", "Cat body-type mutation __knowledge__ Sometimes, these cat body-type mutations are striking enough that humans select for and perpetuate them.", "Cat body-type mutation __knowledge__ This is not always in the best interests of the cat, as many of these mutations are harmful; some are even lethal in their homozygous form.", "Cat body-type mutation __knowledge__ This page gives a selection of cat body type mutant alleles and the associated mutations with a brief description.", "Cat body-type mutation __knowledge__ Jb = Japanese bobtail gene (autosomal dominant).", "Cat body-type mutation __knowledge__ Cats homozygous and heterozygous for this gene display shortened and kinked tails.", "Cat body-type mutation __knowledge__ Cats homozygous for the gene tend to have shorter more kinked tails.", "Sailors' superstitions __knowledge__ Sailors' superstitions have been superstitions particular to sailors or mariners, and which traditionally have been common around the world.", "Sailors' superstitions __knowledge__ Some of these beliefs are popular superstitions, while others are actually better described as traditions, stories, folklore, tropes, myths, or legend.", "Sailors' superstitions __knowledge__ The origins of many of these superstitions are based in the inherent risks of sailing, and luck, either good or bad, as well as portents and omens that would be given associative meaning in relation to the life of a mariner, sailor, fisherman or a crew in general.", "Sailors' superstitions __knowledge__ Even into the 21st century, \"fishers and related fishing workers\" still have amongst the most dangerous jobs, with the second highest rate of mortality only after loggers.", "Pixie-bob __knowledge__ The Pixie-bob is a breed of domestic cat claimed by breed founder Carol Ann Brewer of Washington State to be the progeny of naturally occurring bobcat hybrids.", "Pixie-bob __knowledge__ DNA testing has failed to detect bobcat marker genes and Pixie-bobs are considered wholly domestic for the purposes of ownership, cat fancy registration, import and export.", "Pixie-bob __knowledge__ In the spring of 1985, Carol Ann Brewer purchased a polydactyl cat near Mount Baker, Washington, in the Cascade Mountains.", "Pixie-bob __knowledge__ This male had a short bobbed tail.", "Pixie-bob __knowledge__ In January 1986, she rescued another male cat.", "Pixie-bob __knowledge__ This cat was very large, had a bobbed tail, and was reported to have been sired by a bobcat.", "Ithaca Kitty __knowledge__ The Ithaca Kitty was a popular stuffed toy in the United States, which started a fad for plush toys that lasted from its introduction in 1892 until after World War I.", "Ithaca Kitty __knowledge__ The Ithaca Kitty was inspired by a gray tabby cat named Caesar Grimalkin in Ithaca, New York.", "Ithaca Kitty __knowledge__ The cat's owners, William Hazlitt Smith and Celia Smith, had the cat photographed and had Celia's sister-in-law, Charity Smith, paint a likeness of the cat onto a three-piece pattern designed by Celia.", "Ithaca Kitty __knowledge__ Although Grimalkin was a polydactyl cat with seven toes on each front paw, the Smiths felt that five toes appeared more normal and patented the \"toy animal figure\" in October 1892.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ This article is about the characters in Brian Jacques' fantasy series \"Redwall\".", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the Abbey Warriors from the books \"The Legend of Luke\" to \"Eulalia!\".", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Martin I is an anthropomorphic mouse, appearing in the \"Redwall\" series by Brian Jacques.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Known as \"Martin the Warrior\" throughout the Redwall series, Martin, a woodland mouse, is the son of Luke the Warrior and his mate Sayna.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Luke is the kindly leader of an idyllic tribe of mice.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Their settlement is sacked by a wicked stoat pirate named Vilu Daskar, and Sayna is killed.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Luke vows revenge against the corsair captain and sets out after him, refusing Martin's wishes to join him, but leaving his sword in his son's possession.", "Mongrel __knowledge__ A mongrel, mixed-breed dog or mutt is a dog that does not belong to one recognized breed and is not the result of intentional breeding.", "Mongrel __knowledge__ Estimates place their numbers at 150 million animals worldwide.", "Mongrel __knowledge__ Although the term \"mixed-breed dog\" is preferred by some, many mongrels have no known purebred ancestors.", "Mongrel __knowledge__ Furthermore, crossbreed dogs, while literally a mix of breeds, differ from mongrels in being intentionally bred.", "Mongrel __knowledge__ Although mongrels have at times been considered somehow lesser than intentionally bred dogs, they are thought to be less susceptible to genetic health problems associated with dog breeding (based on the theory of heterosis), and have enthusiasts and defenders who prefer them to intentionally bred dogs." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Cat __knowledge__ The domestic cat (\"Felis silvestris catus\" or \"Felis catus\") is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often called house cats when kept as indoor pets or simply cats when there is no need to distinguish them from other felids and felines.", "Cat __knowledge__ They are often valued by humans for companionship and for their ability to hunt vermin.", "Cat __knowledge__ There are more than seventy cat breeds recognized by various cat registries.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with a strong flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cat senses fit a crepuscular and predatory ecological niche.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats can hear sounds too faint or too high in frequency for human ears, such as those made by mice and other small animals.", "Cat __knowledge__ They can see in near darkness.", "Cat __knowledge__ Like most other mammals, cats have poorer color vision and a better sense of smell than humans.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats, despite being solitary hunters, are a social species and cat communication includes the use of a variety of vocalizations (mewing, purring, trilling, hissing, growling, and grunting), as well as cat pheromones and types of cat-specific body language.", "Cat __knowledge__ Cats have a high breeding rate.", "Cat __knowledge__ Under controlled breeding, they can be bred and shown as registered pedigree pets, a hobby known as cat fancy.", "Six Finger Satellite __knowledge__ Six Finger Satellite (a.k.a.", "Six Finger Satellite __knowledge__ 6FS) are an American synthesizer-based post-hardcore band, based in Providence, Rhode Island.", "Six Finger Satellite __knowledge__ The band formed in 1990 around a line-up of J. Ryan (singer/keyboards), John MacLean (guitar), Peter Phillips (guitar), Chris Dixon (bass), and Rick Pelletier (drums).", "Six Finger Satellite __knowledge__ They infamously submitted an \"alternative rock\"-styled demo to Sub Pop Records, who subsequently signed them under the impression that this represented the band's musical intentions.", "Six Finger Satellite __knowledge__ The demo was the four-song \"Weapon\" EP in 1992.", "Six Finger Satellite __knowledge__ Six Finger Satellite's first full-length album, \"The Pigeon Is the Most Popular Bird\", was released in 1993, with Kurt Niemand replacing Dixon on bass.", "Recorder (musical instrument) __knowledge__ The recorder is a woodwind musical instrument in the group known as \"internal duct flutes\"—flutes with a whistle mouthpiece.", "Recorder (musical instrument) __knowledge__ A recorder can be distinguished from other duct flutes by the presence of thumb-hole for the upper hand and seven finger-holes: three for the upper hand and four for the lower.", "Recorder (musical instrument) __knowledge__ It is the most prominent duct flute in the western classical tradition.", "Recorder (musical instrument) __knowledge__ Recorders are made in different sizes with names and compasses roughly corresponding to different vocal ranges.", "Recorder (musical instrument) __knowledge__ The sizes most commonly in use today are the soprano (aka \"descant\", lowest note C), alto (aka \"treble\", lowest note F), tenor (lowest note C) and bass (lowest note F).", "List of Big Brother 5 houseguests (U.S.) __knowledge__ The fifth edition of the American reality series \"Big Brother\" featured a total of 14 house guests, and aired in the summer of 2004.", "List of Big Brother 5 houseguests (U.S.) __knowledge__ Adria Klein (born 1974 in Birmingham, Alabama), was a fitness professional from Birmingham, Alabama.", "List of Big Brother 5 houseguests (U.S.) __knowledge__ Adria was a part of the \"Twin Twist\" of \"Project DNA\", in which she would frequently trade spots in the house with her twin sister, Natalie, who played as Adria.", "List of Big Brother 5 houseguests (U.S.) __knowledge__ The two had the goal of making to the fifth week, and if they succeeded, Natalie would enter the game as an individual.", "List of Big Brother 5 houseguests (U.S.) __knowledge__ The group went on to complete the task, and Natalie entered the house.", "List of Big Brother 5 houseguests (U.S.) __knowledge__ Adria was a part of the girls alliance with Diane, Nakomis, Karen, Lori, Natalie and Will, though also had close friendships with Michael and Drew.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "James Murphy (electronic musician) __knowledge__ James Jeremiah Murphy (born February 4, 1970) is an American musician, DJ, singer, songwriter and record producer.", "James Murphy (electronic musician) __knowledge__ His most well-known musical project is LCD Soundsystem, which first gained attention with its single \"Losing My Edge\" in 2002 before releasing its eponymous debut album in February 2005 to critical acclaim and top 20 success in the UK.", "James Murphy (electronic musician) __knowledge__ LCD Soundsystem’s second and third studio albums, \"Sound of Silver\" (2007) and \"This Is Happening\" (2010) respectively, were met with universal acclaim from several music review outlets.", "James Murphy (electronic musician) __knowledge__ Both albums have also reached the top 50 in the \"Billboard\" 200.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "Philippine Animal Welfare Society __knowledge__ The Philippine Animal Welfare Society (PAWS) is a volunteer-based, non-government organization whose goal is to prevent animal cruelty through education, animal sheltering and advocacy.", "Philippine Animal Welfare Society __knowledge__ PAWS believes that the creation of a more peaceful society starts with the widening of mankind’s circle of compassion which includes animals, thereby envisions a nation that respects animals, practices responsible pet ownership and protects wildlife.", "Philippine Animal Welfare Society __knowledge__ The volunteer-based organization rehabilitates these animals in the hope of finding them new homes and a second chance at a good life.", "Philippine Animal Welfare Society __knowledge__ PAWS does not take in pets of other people, only victims of cruelty or neglect where the animal offenders are charged with violation of the Animal Welfare Act in court.", "List of Zoey 101 characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters from the Nickelodeon comedy-drama Zoey 101, an American television series which originally aired on Nickelodeon from January 9, 2005 until May 2, 2008.", "List of Zoey 101 characters __knowledge__ Zoey Brooks (Jamie Lynn Spears) is the main character in the series.", "List of Zoey 101 characters __knowledge__ Zoey is the older sister of Dustin Brooks and the roommate and best friend of Dana Cruz (Season 1), Nicole Bristow (Season 1-2), Lola Martinez (Season 2-4), and Quinn Pensky (Season 1-4); she is also the best friend of Chase Matthews.", "List of Zoey 101 characters __knowledge__ Her other best friends are Michael Barrett, Logan Reese and James Garrett.", "List of Zoey 101 characters __knowledge__ Zoey enjoys basketball and is one of the first girls on the PCA Basketball Team; she also enjoys designing clothes and backpacks.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ This article is about the characters in Brian Jacques' fantasy series \"Redwall\".", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the Abbey Warriors from the books \"The Legend of Luke\" to \"Eulalia!\".", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Martin I is an anthropomorphic mouse, appearing in the \"Redwall\" series by Brian Jacques.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Known as \"Martin the Warrior\" throughout the Redwall series, Martin, a woodland mouse, is the son of Luke the Warrior and his mate Sayna.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Luke is the kindly leader of an idyllic tribe of mice.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Their settlement is sacked by a wicked stoat pirate named Vilu Daskar, and Sayna is killed.", "List of Redwall characters __knowledge__ Luke vows revenge against the corsair captain and sets out after him, refusing Martin's wishes to join him, but leaving his sword in his son's possession.", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ Monkeys, particularly macaques and gibbons, have played significant roles in Chinese culture for over two thousand years.", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ Some examples familiar to English speakers include the zodiacal Year of the Monkey, the Monkey King Sun Wukong in the novel \"Journey to the West\", and Monkey Kung Fu.", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ The Chinese language has numerous words meaning \"simian; monkey; ape\".", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ Some diachronically changed meanings in reference to different simians.", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ For instance, Chinese \"xingxing\" 猩猩 originally named \"a mythical creature with a human face and pig body\", and became the modern name for the \"orangutan\".", "Monkeys in Chinese culture __knowledge__ Within the classification of Chinese characters, almost all \"monkey; ape\" words – with the exceptions of \"nao\" 夒 and \"yu\" 禺 that were originally monkey pictographs – are written with radical-phonetic compound characters.", "Polydactyl cat __knowledge__ A polydactyl cat is a cat with a congenital physical anomaly called polydactyly (or polydactylism, also known as hyperdactyly), that causes the cat to be born with more than the usual number of toes on one or more of its paws.", "Polydactyl cat __knowledge__ Cats with this genetically inherited trait are most commonly found along the East Coast of North America (in the United States and Canada) and in South West England and Wales.", "Polydactyl cat __knowledge__ True polydactyly is a congenital abnormality, genetically inherited as an autosomal dominant trait of the ZRS cis element of the Pd gene with incomplete penetrance.", "Polydactyl cat __knowledge__ Normal cats have a total of 18 toes, with five toes on each fore paw, and four toes on each hind paw; polydactyl cats may have as many as eight digits on their front and/or hind paws." ] ]

[ 3, 4, 13, 88 ]

[ "Yes, I do. My cat is a great companion because she helps hunt small vermin around my yard.", "She is a polydactyl cat, though she's a mixed breed. She loves to eat the small vermin she finds.", "It's a cat with a physical anomoly that gives them an extra toe on their paws. So it looks like they have thumbs. Their paws look like mittens. ", "Yeah, exactly. So my cat has 20 toes instead of the normal 18 due to her \"thumbs.\"" ]

[ "Cat", "Cat", "Cat", "Cat" ]

[ "Yoga\nSo what do you know about yoga", "My sister engages in it. I know it has postures called aasans and you say Om Shanti Shanti. Did you know that?", "Yep its basic Hindi words. Yoga is mostly associated with Hinduism but Jainism is related to it too as well", "Whats that, never heard of it", "so you say that during prayers in church?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga (; Sanskrit, योगः Listen) is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines which originated in ancient India.", "Yoga __knowledge__ There is a broad variety of yoga schools, practices, and goals in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Among the most well-known types of yoga are Hatha yoga and Rāja yoga.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The origins of yoga have been speculated to date back to pre-Vedic Indian traditions; it is mentioned in the Rigveda, but most likely developed around the sixth and fifth centuries BCE, in ancient India's ascetic and śramaṇa movements.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The chronology of earliest texts describing yoga-practices is unclear, varyingly credited to Hindu Upanishads.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Sutras of Patanjali\" date from the first half of the 1st millennium CE, but only gained prominence in the West in the 20th century.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Hatha yoga texts emerged around the 11th century with origins in tantra.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga gurus from India later introduced yoga to the West, following the success of Swami Vivekananda in the late 19th and early 20th century.", "Yoga __knowledge__ In the 1980s, yoga became popular as a system of physical exercise across the Western world.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga in Indian traditions, however, is more than physical exercise; it has a meditative and spiritual core.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Vihangam Yoga is an ancient meditation technique practiced by Indian seers and sages.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ In the current time, it is established by Sadguru Sadafaldeo Ji Maharaj.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Vihangam Yoga is also known as \"Brahmavidya\", \"Madhu-vidya\", \"Para Vidhya\" in the Indian ancient most scriptures and Vedas.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ \"\"Vihangam\"\" literally means \"bird\".", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ Just as a bird leaves its base on the earth to fly high in the sky, so does \"Vihangam Yoga\" enable the human Soul (Atma) to cut off its moorings in the Prakriti (phenomenal world) and realize its true and free nature.", "Vihangamyoga __knowledge__ This knowledge is emerged from Brahma so it is also named as Brahma Vidya and who ever has gained this knowledge by practising it called Brahma Rishi.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ Hatha yoga is a branch of yoga that emphasizes physical exercises to master the body along with mind as well as exercises to withdraw it from external objects.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The word \"haṭha\" means \"force\" in Sanskrit, and may have this association because the early Indians believed that its practice was challenging and \"forced its results to happen\" on the yogi.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The term \"Hatha yoga\" connotes a system of supplementary physical techniques within the broader concept of Yoga.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ The Hatha yoga origins have been credited by some scholars to the Nath yogi tradition of Shaivism, particularly to Gorakhnath.", "Hatha yoga __knowledge__ However, according to James Mallinson, Hatha yoga has more ancient roots and the oldest known twenty texts on Hatha yoga suggest this attribution to the Naths is incorrect.", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ Baba Hari Dass (Devanagari: बाबा हरि दास); born 26 March 1923 in Almora near Nainital, Uttar Pradesh, now Uttarakhand, India, is a yoga master, a silent monk, and a commentator of Indian scriptural tradition of Dharma and Moksha.", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ He was classically trained in Ashtanga Yoga – Raja Yoga of Patanjali (the Yoga of Eight Limbs), as well as Kriya Yoga, Ayurveda, Samkhya, Tantra Yoga, Vedanta, and Sanskrit.", "Baba Hari Dass __knowledge__ Born into the 13th generation of a Kumaoni Karnatak Brahmin family, in the lunar month of Chaitra, in Shukla Paksha (Rama Navami), he is also an author, playwright, martial arts teacher, sculptor and builder of temples.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali are 196 Indian sutras (aphorisms).", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Sutras\" were compiled prior to 400 CE by Sage Patanjali, taking materials about yoga from older traditions.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali\" was the most translated ancient Indian text in the medieval era, having been translated into about forty Indian languages and two non-Indian languages: Old Javanese and Arabic.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The text fell into obscurity for nearly 700 years from the 12th to 19th century, and made a comeback in late 19th century due to the efforts of Swami Vivekananda, the Theosophical Society and others.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ It gained prominence again as a comeback classic in the 20th century.", "Raja yoga (Hindu astrology) __knowledge__ Raja yogas are \"Shubha\" ('auspicious') \"yogas\" that give success and a grand rise in career or business, and a greater degree of financial prosperity particularly during the \"dasha\" of the planets that give rise to \"Raja yogas\".", "Raja yoga (Hindu astrology) __knowledge__ However, these results get adversely modified by the presence of other \"Ashubha\" ('inauspicious') \"Arista yogas\".", "Raja yoga (Hindu astrology) __knowledge__ Basically, the Yoga or Raja yoga-causing planets during the course of their respective dashas confer their most auspicious results if they happen to own the lagna-bhava (the Ascendant) or the Suta-bhava (the 5th house) or the Bhagyasthana (the 9th house); the person remains healthy, wealthy, happy and successful enjoying yoga and Raja yoga results in case the lagna, the 3rd, the 6th, the 8th, the 9th and the 12th houses counted from the lagna are also not occupied by any planet, and the kendras (quadrants) are occupied only by benefic planets.", "Yoga Yajnavalkya __knowledge__ The Yoga Yajnavalkya (, \"Yoga-Yājñavalkya\") is a classical Hindu yoga text in the Sanskrit language.", "Yoga Yajnavalkya __knowledge__ The text is written in the form of a male-female dialogue between the sage Yajnavalkya and Gargi.", "Yoga Yajnavalkya __knowledge__ The text consists of 12 chapters and contains 504 verses.", "Yoga Yajnavalkya __knowledge__ Like Patanjali's \"Yogasutras\", the \"Yoga Yajnavalkya\" describes the eight components of yoga; however, it has different goals.", "Yoga Yajnavalkya __knowledge__ The text contains additional material that is not found in \"Yogasutras\", such as the concept of \"kundalini\".", "Yoga Yajnavalkya __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Yajnavalkya\" contains one of the most comprehensive discussion of yoga components such as the \"Pranayama\", \"Pratyahara\" \"Dhyana\", and \"Dharana\"." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga (; Sanskrit, योगः Listen) is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines which originated in ancient India.", "Yoga __knowledge__ There is a broad variety of yoga schools, practices, and goals in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Among the most well-known types of yoga are Hatha yoga and Rāja yoga.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The origins of yoga have been speculated to date back to pre-Vedic Indian traditions; it is mentioned in the Rigveda, but most likely developed around the sixth and fifth centuries BCE, in ancient India's ascetic and śramaṇa movements.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The chronology of earliest texts describing yoga-practices is unclear, varyingly credited to Hindu Upanishads.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Sutras of Patanjali\" date from the first half of the 1st millennium CE, but only gained prominence in the West in the 20th century.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Hatha yoga texts emerged around the 11th century with origins in tantra.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga gurus from India later introduced yoga to the West, following the success of Swami Vivekananda in the late 19th and early 20th century.", "Yoga __knowledge__ In the 1980s, yoga became popular as a system of physical exercise across the Western world.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga in Indian traditions, however, is more than physical exercise; it has a meditative and spiritual core.", "Om Shanti Om __knowledge__ Om Shanti Om is a 2007 Indian romantic melodrama film directed by Farah Khan.", "Om Shanti Om __knowledge__ It stars Shah Rukh Khan as Om, a junior artist of the 1970s who has a crush on a secretly married superstar, played by Deepika Padukone.", "Om Shanti Om __knowledge__ Her husband, a producer played by Arjun Rampal, kills her in a fire; Om witnesses this and dies from the injuries sustained from trying to rescue her.", "Om Shanti Om __knowledge__ Reincarnated as a superstar in the 2000s, he seeks to avenge his love.", "Om Shanti Om __knowledge__ Produced by Gauri Khan for Red Chillies Entertainment, it was co-written and choreographed by Farah Khan.", "Om Shanti Om __knowledge__ The music was composed by Vishal–Shekhar, with lyrics penned by Javed Akhtar.", "R. Madhavan __knowledge__ R. Madhavan (born 1 June 1970) is an Indian actor, writer and film producer.", "R. Madhavan __knowledge__ He has received three Filmfare Awards and an award from the Tamil Nadu State Film Awards along with recognition and nominations from other organisations.", "R. Madhavan __knowledge__ He has been described as one of the few actors in India who is able to achieve pan-Indian appeal, having appeared in films from seven different languages.", "R. Madhavan __knowledge__ Madhavan began his acting career with television guest appearances, including a role on the Zee TV prime-time soap opera \"Banegi Apni Baat\" in 1996.", "R. Madhavan __knowledge__ After appearing in commercials and in small roles, he later gained recognition in the Tamil film industry through Mani Ratnam's successful romance film \"Alaipayuthey\" (2000).", "Deepika Padukone __knowledge__ Deepika Padukone (; born 5 January 1986) is an Indian film actress.", "Deepika Padukone __knowledge__ As of 2017, she is the highest-paid actress in India, and is the recipient of several awards, including three Filmfare Awards.", "Deepika Padukone __knowledge__ She features in listings of the nation's most popular personalities.", "Deepika Padukone __knowledge__ Padukone, the daughter of the badminton player Prakash Padukone, was born in Copenhagen and raised in Bangalore.", "Deepika Padukone __knowledge__ As a teenager, she played badminton in national level championships but left her career in the sport to become a fashion model.", "Deepika Padukone __knowledge__ She soon received offers for film roles and made her acting debut in 2006 as the title character of the Kannada film \"Aishwarya\".", "Karz (film) __knowledge__ Karz (\"The debt\") is a 1980 Indian Hindi-language thriller film directed by Subhash Ghai, starring Rishi Kapoor and Tina Munim as leads, also starring Simi Garewal, in the critically acclaimed role of Kamini Verma, the murderous wife from the past life, which won her a Filmfare nomination.", "Karz (film) __knowledge__ Film's music was by Laxmikant-Pyarelal, giving successful numbers like, 'Dard-E-Dil' and 'Om Shanti Om', and who went on to win Filmfare Best Music Director Award for this film, the lyricist received two Filmfare nominations for these two hits.", "Karz (film) __knowledge__ Ravi Verma wins a legal battle against Sir Judah, his dead father's business partner.", "Arjun Rampal __knowledge__ Arjun Rampal (born 26 November 1972) is an Indian film actor, producer, model and a television personality.He made his acting debut in Rajiv Rai's romance \"Pyaar Ishq Aur Mohabbat\" (2001).", "Arjun Rampal __knowledge__ Rampal was appreciated for his performance and received several awards for his work in the movie including a nomination for the Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut.", "Arjun Rampal __knowledge__ He followed with a string of flops as lead actor in the early part of his career, with romance flicks \"Deewaanapan\" (2001), \"Dil Hai Tumhaara\" (2002), \"Dil Ka Rishta\" (2003) and \"Vaada\" (2005).", "Arjun Rampal __knowledge__ He had a turnaround as an actor in films such as \"Don\" (2006), \"The Last Lear\" (2007), \"Om Shanti Om (2007)\", \"Housefull (2010)\", \"Inkaar\" (2013) and \"Roy\" (2015) (action thrillers) and \"D-Day\" (2013), \"Chakravyuh\" (2012) (socio-political).", "Shanti Shanti Shanti __knowledge__ Shanti Shanti Shanti is a 1998 Kannada language comedy film directed by Srinivas.", "Shanti Shanti Shanti __knowledge__ The film starred Abbas, Madhavan, Prakash Raj, Prema, Avni, and Satish Shah in leading roles.", "Shanti Shanti Shanti __knowledge__ During production, the film became known for its series of innovative ideas for the Kannada film industry, by becoming the first film to have a website and a six-track DTS sound.", "Shanti Shanti Shanti __knowledge__ The film, which featured cinematography from P. C. Sriram, released on 20 November 1998.", "Shanti Shanti Shanti __knowledge__ After the success of Madhavan's \"Alaipayuthey\", the film was dubbed into the Tamil language as \"Relax\" to cash in on his newfound following.", "Shanti Shanti Shanti __knowledge__ There is Murthy, the rich but frugal papa, and his two college-going kids, Siddhartha (Madhavan) and Shanti (Avni).", "List of accolades received by Om Shanti Om __knowledge__ \"Om Shanti Om\" is a 2007 Indian Hindi-language romantic melodrama film directed by Farah Khan.", "List of accolades received by Om Shanti Om __knowledge__ The film features Shah Rukh Khan, Deepika Padukone, and Arjun Rampal in lead roles.", "List of accolades received by Om Shanti Om __knowledge__ Shreyas Talpade and Kirron Kher play supporting roles.", "List of accolades received by Om Shanti Om __knowledge__ The film focuses on Om Prakash Makhija (Khan), an aspiring junior artist of 1970s Hindi cinema who has a crush on Shantipriya (Padukone), a secretly married superstar.", "List of accolades received by Om Shanti Om __knowledge__ Her husband Mukesh Mehra (Rampal), an ambitious producer, kills his pregnant wife in a fire to fuel his career; Om dies shortly herafter during his futile attempts to rescue Shantipriya.", "List of accolades received by Om Shanti Om __knowledge__ He is reincarnated as Om Kapoor, an actor and upon recovering his memory years later, plans to make Mukesh confess his misdeeds.", "Tantra __knowledge__ Tantra (Sanskrit: तन्त्र; literally \"loom, weave, system\") denotes the esoteric traditions of Hinduism and Buddhism that co-developed most likely about the middle of 1st millennium CE.", "Tantra __knowledge__ The term \"tantra\", in the Indian traditions, also means any systematic broadly applicable \"text, theory, system, method, instrument, technique or practice\".", "Tantra __knowledge__ In Hinduism, the tantra tradition is most often associated with its goddess tradition called Shaktism, followed by Shaivism and Vaishnavism.", "Tantra __knowledge__ In Buddhism, the Vajrayana tradition is known for its extensive tantra ideas and practices.", "Tantra __knowledge__ Tantric Hindu and Buddhist traditions have influenced other Eastern religious traditions such as Jainism, Sikhism, the Tibetan Bön tradition, Daoism, and the Japanese Shintō tradition.", "Hinduism __knowledge__ Hinduism is an Indian Dharma, or a way of life, widely practiced in South Asia.", "Hinduism __knowledge__ Hinduism has been called the oldest religion in the world, and some practitioners and scholars refer to it as \"\", \"the eternal tradition,\" or the \"eternal way,\" beyond human history.", "Hinduism __knowledge__ Scholars regard Hinduism as a fusion or synthesis of various Indian cultures and traditions, with diverse roots and no founder.", "Hinduism __knowledge__ This \"Hindu synthesis\" started to develop between 500 BCE and 300 CE, following the Vedic period (1500 BCE to 500 BCE).", "Hinduism __knowledge__ Although Hinduism contains a broad range of philosophies, it is linked by shared concepts, recognisable rituals, cosmology, shared textual resources, and pilgrimage to sacred sites.", "History of Hinduism __knowledge__ History of Hinduism denotes a wide variety of related Hindu denominations native to the Indian Subcontinent, most of whom live in modern-day India, Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan.", "History of Hinduism __knowledge__ Adherents are also found in the Indonesian island of Bali.", "History of Hinduism __knowledge__ Its history overlaps or coincides with the development of Indian religions since Iron Age India.", "History of Hinduism __knowledge__ It has thus been called the \"oldest living religion\" in the world.", "History of Hinduism __knowledge__ Scholars regard Hinduism as a synthesis of various Indian cultures and traditions, with diverse roots and no single founder or source.", "History of Hinduism __knowledge__ The history of Hinduism is often divided into periods of development, with the first period being that of the historical Vedic religion dated from about 1900 BCE to 1400 BCE.", "Buddhism __knowledge__ Buddhism ( or ) is a religion and dharma that encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs and spiritual practices largely based on original teachings attributed to the Buddha and resulting interpreted philosophies.", "Buddhism __knowledge__ Buddhism originated in Ancient India sometime between the 6th and 4th centuries BCE, from where it spread through much of Asia, whereafter it declined in India during the Middle Ages.", "Buddhism __knowledge__ Two major extant branches of Buddhism are generally recognized by scholars: Theravada (Pali: \"The School of the Elders\") and Mahayana (Sanskrit: \"The Great Vehicle\").", "Buddhism __knowledge__ Buddhism is the world's fourth-largest religion, with over 520 million followers or over 7% of the global population, known as Buddhists.", "Dhyana in Hinduism __knowledge__ Dhyana (IAST: Dhyāna) in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism means contemplation and meditation, though their technical context is different.", "Dhyana in Hinduism __knowledge__ \"Dhyana\" is taken up in Yoga exercises, and leads to samadhi and self-knowledge.", "Dhyana in Hinduism __knowledge__ The concepts of \"dhyana\" and its practice originated in the Vedic and upanishadic era, developed further in the Buddhist, Hindu and Jain traditions, partly independently, partly influencing each other, and have been influential within the diverse traditions of Hinduism.", "Dhyana in Hinduism __knowledge__ It is, in Hinduism, a part of a self-directed awareness and unifying Yoga process by which the yogi realizes Self (Atman, soul), one's relationship with other living beings, and Ultimate Reality.", "Indian religions __knowledge__ Indian religions, sometimes also termed as Dharmic faiths or religions, are the religions that originated in the Indian subcontinent; namely Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Sikhism.", "Indian religions __knowledge__ These religions are also all classified as Eastern religions.", "Indian religions __knowledge__ Although Indian religions are connected through the history of India, they constitute a wide range of religious communities, and are not confined to the Indian subcontinent.", "Indian religions __knowledge__ Evidence attesting to prehistoric religion in the Indian subcontinent derives from scattered Mesolithic rock paintings.", "Indian religions __knowledge__ The Harappan people of the Indus Valley Civilisation, which lasted from 3300 to 1300 BCE (mature period, 2600–1900 BCE), had an early urbanized culture which predates the Vedic religion." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga (; Sanskrit, योगः Listen) is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines which originated in ancient India.", "Yoga __knowledge__ There is a broad variety of yoga schools, practices, and goals in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Among the most well-known types of yoga are Hatha yoga and Rāja yoga.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The origins of yoga have been speculated to date back to pre-Vedic Indian traditions; it is mentioned in the Rigveda, but most likely developed around the sixth and fifth centuries BCE, in ancient India's ascetic and śramaṇa movements.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The chronology of earliest texts describing yoga-practices is unclear, varyingly credited to Hindu Upanishads.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Sutras of Patanjali\" date from the first half of the 1st millennium CE, but only gained prominence in the West in the 20th century.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Hatha yoga texts emerged around the 11th century with origins in tantra.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga gurus from India later introduced yoga to the West, following the success of Swami Vivekananda in the late 19th and early 20th century.", "Yoga __knowledge__ In the 1980s, yoga became popular as a system of physical exercise across the Western world.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga in Indian traditions, however, is more than physical exercise; it has a meditative and spiritual core.", "Hinduism __knowledge__ Hinduism is an Indian Dharma, or a way of life, widely practiced in South Asia.", "Hinduism __knowledge__ Hinduism has been called the oldest religion in the world, and some practitioners and scholars refer to it as \"\", \"the eternal tradition,\" or the \"eternal way,\" beyond human history.", "Hinduism __knowledge__ Scholars regard Hinduism as a fusion or synthesis of various Indian cultures and traditions, with diverse roots and no founder.", "Hinduism __knowledge__ This \"Hindu synthesis\" started to develop between 500 BCE and 300 CE, following the Vedic period (1500 BCE to 500 BCE).", "Hinduism __knowledge__ Although Hinduism contains a broad range of philosophies, it is linked by shared concepts, recognisable rituals, cosmology, shared textual resources, and pilgrimage to sacred sites.", "Jainism __knowledge__ Jainism (), traditionally known as Jain Dharma, is an ancient Indian religion.", "Jainism __knowledge__ Followers of Jainism are called \"Jains\", a word derived from the Sanskrit word \"jina\" (victor) and connoting the path of victory in crossing over life's stream of rebirths through an ethical and spiritual life.", "Jainism __knowledge__ Jains trace their history through a succession of twenty-four victorious saviors and teachers known as Tirthankaras, with the first being Rishabhanatha, who is believed to have lived millions of years ago, and twenty-fourth being the Mahavira around 500 BCE.", "Jainism __knowledge__ Jains believe that Jainism is an eternal \"dharma\" with the Tirthankaras guiding every cycle of the Jain cosmology.", "Indian religions __knowledge__ Indian religions, sometimes also termed as Dharmic faiths or religions, are the religions that originated in the Indian subcontinent; namely Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Sikhism.", "Indian religions __knowledge__ These religions are also all classified as Eastern religions.", "Indian religions __knowledge__ Although Indian religions are connected through the history of India, they constitute a wide range of religious communities, and are not confined to the Indian subcontinent.", "Indian religions __knowledge__ Evidence attesting to prehistoric religion in the Indian subcontinent derives from scattered Mesolithic rock paintings.", "Indian religions __knowledge__ The Harappan people of the Indus Valley Civilisation, which lasted from 3300 to 1300 BCE (mature period, 2600–1900 BCE), had an early urbanized culture which predates the Vedic religion.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali are 196 Indian sutras (aphorisms).", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Sutras\" were compiled prior to 400 CE by Sage Patanjali, taking materials about yoga from older traditions.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Sūtras of Patañjali\" was the most translated ancient Indian text in the medieval era, having been translated into about forty Indian languages and two non-Indian languages: Old Javanese and Arabic.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ The text fell into obscurity for nearly 700 years from the 12th to 19th century, and made a comeback in late 19th century due to the efforts of Swami Vivekananda, the Theosophical Society and others.", "Yoga Sutras of Patanjali __knowledge__ It gained prominence again as a comeback classic in the 20th century.", "Moksha __knowledge__ Moksha (, \"\"), also called vimoksha, vimukti and mukti, is a term in Hinduism and Hindu philosophy which refers to various forms of emancipation, liberation, and release.", "Moksha __knowledge__ In its soteriological and eschatological senses, it refers to freedom from \"saṃsāra\", the cycle of death and rebirth.", "Moksha __knowledge__ In its epistemological and psychological senses, \"moksha\" refers to freedom from ignorance: self-realization and self-knowledge.", "Moksha __knowledge__ In Hindu traditions, \"moksha\" is a central concept and included as one of the four aspects and goals of human life; the other three goals are \"dharma\" (virtuous, proper, moral life), \"artha\" (material prosperity, income security, means of life), and \"kama\" (pleasure, sensuality, emotional fulfillment).", "Shaivism __knowledge__ Shaivism (Śaivam) is one of the major traditions within Hinduism that reveres Shiva as the Supreme Being or its metaphysical concept of Brahman.", "Shaivism __knowledge__ The followers of Shaivism are called \"Shaivites\" or \"Saivites\".", "Shaivism __knowledge__ Like much of Hinduism, the Shaiva have many sub-traditions, ranging from devotional dualistic theism such as Shaiva Siddhanta to yoga-oriented monistic non-theism such as Kashmiri Shaivism.", "Shaivism __knowledge__ It considers both the Vedas and the Agama texts as important sources of theology.", "Shaivism __knowledge__ Shaivism has ancient roots, traceable in the Vedic literature of 2nd millennium BCE, but this is in the form of the Vedic deity Rudra.", "Gregorian chant __knowledge__ Gregorian chant is the central tradition of Western plainchant, a form of monophonic, unaccompanied sacred song of the Roman Catholic Church.", "Gregorian chant __knowledge__ Gregorian chant developed mainly in western and central Europe during the 9th and 10th centuries, with later additions and redactions.", "Gregorian chant __knowledge__ Although popular legend credits Pope St. Gregory the Great with inventing Gregorian chant, scholars believe that it arose from a later Carolingian synthesis of Roman chant and Gallican chant.", "Gregorian chant __knowledge__ Gregorian chants were organized initially into four, then eight, and finally 12 modes.", "Gregorian chant __knowledge__ Typical melodic features include a characteristic ambitus, and also characteristic intervallic patterns relative to a referential mode final, incipits and cadences, the use of reciting tones at a particular distance from the final, around which the other notes of the melody revolve, and a vocabulary of musical motifs woven together through a process called centonization to create families of related chants.", "Chants of India __knowledge__ Chants of India is an album by Indian musician Ravi Shankar released in 1997 on Angel Records.", "Chants of India __knowledge__ Produced by his friend and sometime collaborator George Harrison, the album consists of Vedic and other Hindu sacred prayers set to music, marking a departure from Shankar's more familiar work in the field of Hindustani classical music.", "Chants of India __knowledge__ The lyrical themes of the recorded chants are peace and harmony among nature and all creatures.", "Chants of India __knowledge__ Sessions for the album took place in the Indian city of Madras and at Harrison's home in Henley-on-Thames, Oxfordshire, following his work on \"The Beatles' Anthology\" (1995).", "Antiphonary __knowledge__ An Antiphonary is one of the liturgical books intended for use \"in choro\" (i. e. in the liturgical choir), and originally characterized, as its name implies, by the assignment to it principally of the antiphons used in various parts of the Roman liturgy.", "Antiphonary __knowledge__ In current usage Antiphoner refers more narrowly to books containing the chants for the Divine Office in distinction to the Gradual (\"Graduale\" or more rarely \"antiphonarium Missarum\"), which contains the antiphons used for the Mass.", "Antiphonary __knowledge__ The discussion below is almost entirely drawn from the 1908 article in the \"Catholic Encyclopedia\".", "Antiphonary __knowledge__ Subsequent developments have been the replacement of the Ratisbon editions with the Vatican edition of 1912 and the publication of the \"Antiphonale monasticum\" (1934) produced by the Benedictines of Solesmes, In 1971 the Office was drastically revised and renamed the Liturgy of the Hours (\"Liturgia Horarum\") and new books appeared: the \"Psalterium monasticum\" (1981) and the \"Liber hymnarius\" (1982).", "Old Roman chant __knowledge__ Old Roman chant is the liturgical plainchant repertory of the Roman rite of the Early Christian Church .", "Old Roman chant __knowledge__ It was formerly performed in Rome, and, although it is closely related to the Gregorian chant, the two are distinct.", "Old Roman chant __knowledge__ The Gregorian Chant gradually supplanted the Old Roman Chant between the 11th century and the 13th century AD.", "Old Roman chant __knowledge__ Unlike other chant traditions (such as Ambrosian chant, Mozarabic chant, and Gallican chant), Old Roman chant and Gregorian chant share essentially the same liturgy and the same texts.", "Old Roman chant __knowledge__ Many of their melodies are also closely related.", "Old Roman chant __knowledge__ Although primarily associated with the churches of Rome, the Old Roman chant was also performed in parts of central Italy, and it was possibly performed much more widely.", "Racism in association football __knowledge__ Racism in association football is the abuse of players, officials, and fans because of their skin colour, nationality, or ethnicity.", "Racism in association football __knowledge__ Some may also be targeted because of their association with an opposing team.", "Racism in association football __knowledge__ However, there have been instances of individuals being targeted by their own fans.", "Racism in association football __knowledge__ Racism in association football has been most studied in the European Union and Russia, although racist incidents have been reported abroad.", "Racism in association football __knowledge__ In response to racist incidents at association football matches, in May 2013, FIFA, the international governing body of association football, announced new measures to deal with racism in the sport.", "Football chant __knowledge__ A football chant or terrace chant is a song or chant sung at association football matches.", "Football chant __knowledge__ They can be historic, dating back to the formation of the club, adaptations of popular songs, plagiarised, a mock of the originals, spontaneous reactions to events on the pitch.", "Football chant __knowledge__ They are one of the last remaining sources of an oral folk song tradition in the United Kingdom.", "Football chant __knowledge__ Traditions vary from country to country and team to team, but they are generally used either to encourage the home team or slight the opposition.", "Football chant __knowledge__ Not only do fans sing songs to directly slight the opposition they are playing that day; many teams sing songs about their club rivals, even if they are not playing them.", "Ambrosian chant __knowledge__ Ambrosian chant (also known as Milanese chant) is the liturgical plainchant repertory of the Ambrosian rite of the Roman Catholic Church, related to but distinct from Gregorian chant.", "Ambrosian chant __knowledge__ It is primarily associated with the Archdiocese of Milan, and named after St. Ambrose much as Gregorian chant is named after Gregory the Great.", "Ambrosian chant __knowledge__ It is the only surviving plainchant tradition besides the Gregorian to maintain the official sanction of the Roman Catholic Church.", "Ambrosian chant __knowledge__ The history of Milan as a center for religious music goes back to St. Ambrose.", "Ambrosian chant __knowledge__ Ambrose is not known to have composed any of the Ambrosian chant repertory, much as Gregory the Great is not known to have composed any Gregorian chant." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga (; Sanskrit, योगः Listen) is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines which originated in ancient India.", "Yoga __knowledge__ There is a broad variety of yoga schools, practices, and goals in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Among the most well-known types of yoga are Hatha yoga and Rāja yoga.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The origins of yoga have been speculated to date back to pre-Vedic Indian traditions; it is mentioned in the Rigveda, but most likely developed around the sixth and fifth centuries BCE, in ancient India's ascetic and śramaṇa movements.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The chronology of earliest texts describing yoga-practices is unclear, varyingly credited to Hindu Upanishads.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Sutras of Patanjali\" date from the first half of the 1st millennium CE, but only gained prominence in the West in the 20th century.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Hatha yoga texts emerged around the 11th century with origins in tantra.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga gurus from India later introduced yoga to the West, following the success of Swami Vivekananda in the late 19th and early 20th century.", "Yoga __knowledge__ In the 1980s, yoga became popular as a system of physical exercise across the Western world.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga in Indian traditions, however, is more than physical exercise; it has a meditative and spiritual core.", "Karnataka Quiz Association __knowledge__ The Karnataka Quiz Association (or KQA) was founded in 1983 by the late Wing Commander G.R.Mulky, Deepak Murdeshwar, Rajeev Gowda, Thomas Uthup, K.N.Mahabala, Thribhuvan Kumar, P.Raju and Jagadish Raja is a non-profit association devoted to popularizing the mindsport among students and the general public in Bangalore and beyond.", "Karnataka Quiz Association __knowledge__ Contests are held regularly in the following categories: Middle School, High School, Junior College, College, and Open-to-all.", "Karnataka Quiz Association __knowledge__ In addition, specialist quizzes in the areas of Literature, Entertainment, Music, Art, Comics and Business are held every year.", "Karnataka Quiz Association __knowledge__ The KQA holds events in English and Kannada.", "Fate of the unlearned __knowledge__ The fate of the unlearned, also known as the destiny of the unevangelized, is an eschatological question about the ultimate destiny of people who have not been exposed to a particular theology or doctrine and thus have no opportunity to embrace it.", "Fate of the unlearned __knowledge__ The question is whether those who never hear of requirements issued through divine revelations will be punished for failure to abide by those requirements.", "Fate of the unlearned __knowledge__ It is sometimes addressed in combination with the similar question of the fate of the unbeliever.", "Fate of the unlearned __knowledge__ Differing faith traditions have different responses to the question; in Christianity the fate of the unlearned is related to the question of original sin.", "WHATS'On (Software) __knowledge__ WHATS'On is a professional scheduling software package for broadcasting companies, created by the Belgian company MediaGeniX.", "WHATS'On (Software) __knowledge__ Since 2013 Dirk Debraekeleer is the CEO of this company.", "WHATS'On (Software) __knowledge__ The software was first created for the Vlaamse Televisie Maatschappij in 1992 as a scheduling system for linear TV.", "WHATS'On (Software) __knowledge__ In 1999 the system was extended to include radio scheduling.", "WHATS'On (Software) __knowledge__ Version 20 of the package includes video on demand, video streaming, podcasting and theme channel support.", "WHATS'On (Software) __knowledge__ WHATS'On includes support for revenue share licence agreements and it introduces the first fully embedded workflow engine that will further optimize the data flow between Digital asset managementsystems, play-out suites and finance systems.", "This Is It (Michael Jackson song) __knowledge__ \"This Is It\" is a song co-written by American pop star and musician Michael Jackson and Canadian singer-songwriter Paul Anka.", "This Is It (Michael Jackson song) __knowledge__ The song was recorded by the former and featured as a track on the album, \"This Is It\" (2009), which accompanies the 2009 concert documentary \"Michael Jackson's This Is It\".", "This Is It (Michael Jackson song) __knowledge__ It was premiered worldwide on Jackson's official website on October 12, 2009 four months after his death on June 25, 2009.", "This Is It (Michael Jackson song) __knowledge__ Although Sony Music Entertainment referred to the song as a \"new single\" during its promotion, it was later confirmed that the song would only be sent for airplay, and not be available to buy as a single release.", "Jean Ray Laury __knowledge__ Jean Ray Laury (March 22, 1928 – March 2, 2011) was an American academically trained artist and designer.", "Jean Ray Laury __knowledge__ She was one of the first fine artists to move to quilting as a medium of choice in the late 1950s.", "Jean Ray Laury __knowledge__ Her quilts followed neither traditional method nor pattern; they were bold, modern, colorful collages, often laced with humor and satire.", "Jean Ray Laury __knowledge__ Penning over twenty books and teaching over 2,000 workshops, Laury helped women see the creative possibilities in everyday objects and awake their sense of inspiration.", "Jean Ray Laury __knowledge__ Laury has been called a “foremother of a quilt revival”, and “one of the pioneers” of non-traditional quilts.", "Herbs (band) __knowledge__ Herbs are a multi-cultural New Zealand reggae group, which since its foundation has featured Samoans, Tongans, Cook Islanders and Maori members.", "Herbs (band) __knowledge__ 11th inductee into the New Zealand Music Hall of Fame, they formed in 1979, and were once described as \"New Zealand's most soulful, heartfelt and consistent contemporary musical voice\".", "Herbs (band) __knowledge__ It has been said their debut EP \"Whats' Be Happen?\"", "Herbs (band) __knowledge__ \"set a standard for Pacific reggae which has arguably never been surpassed\".", "Herbs (band) __knowledge__ The band has always been political, with links to the Polynesian Panthers and the cover of \"Whats' Be Happen\" (released during the 1981 Springbok tour) being an aerial photo of police action at Bastion Point in 1978.", "Go Dad Run __knowledge__ Go Dad Run is a charitable project that was created in 2013 by former world champion athlete Colin Jackson in order to raise awareness about men's health issues, especially prostate cancer and funds for male health charities including Prostate Cancer UK.", "Go Dad Run __knowledge__ It is a series of runs for men and boys that take place around the UK in June.", "Go Dad Run __knowledge__ They can run, walk, wheel or jog around the courses and raise money for the charity via sponsorship.", "Go Dad Run __knowledge__ Jackson founded it after two of his uncles developed prostate cancer and although one responded to treatment the other was less fortunate and died.", "Go Dad Run __knowledge__ That prompted him to find out more information about the illness and he was shocked to discover that whilst 1 in 8 men in the UK will develop prostate cancer, that rises to 1 in 4 men from an African Caribbean background.", "Gregorian chant __knowledge__ Gregorian chant is the central tradition of Western plainchant, a form of monophonic, unaccompanied sacred song of the Roman Catholic Church.", "Gregorian chant __knowledge__ Gregorian chant developed mainly in western and central Europe during the 9th and 10th centuries, with later additions and redactions.", "Gregorian chant __knowledge__ Although popular legend credits Pope St. Gregory the Great with inventing Gregorian chant, scholars believe that it arose from a later Carolingian synthesis of Roman chant and Gallican chant.", "Gregorian chant __knowledge__ Gregorian chants were organized initially into four, then eight, and finally 12 modes.", "Gregorian chant __knowledge__ Typical melodic features include a characteristic ambitus, and also characteristic intervallic patterns relative to a referential mode final, incipits and cadences, the use of reciting tones at a particular distance from the final, around which the other notes of the melody revolve, and a vocabulary of musical motifs woven together through a process called centonization to create families of related chants.", "Old Roman chant __knowledge__ Old Roman chant is the liturgical plainchant repertory of the Roman rite of the Early Christian Church .", "Old Roman chant __knowledge__ It was formerly performed in Rome, and, although it is closely related to the Gregorian chant, the two are distinct.", "Old Roman chant __knowledge__ The Gregorian Chant gradually supplanted the Old Roman Chant between the 11th century and the 13th century AD.", "Old Roman chant __knowledge__ Unlike other chant traditions (such as Ambrosian chant, Mozarabic chant, and Gallican chant), Old Roman chant and Gregorian chant share essentially the same liturgy and the same texts.", "Old Roman chant __knowledge__ Many of their melodies are also closely related.", "Old Roman chant __knowledge__ Although primarily associated with the churches of Rome, the Old Roman chant was also performed in parts of central Italy, and it was possibly performed much more widely.", "Enigma (musical project) __knowledge__ Enigma is a German musical project founded in 1990 by Romanian-German musician and producer Michael Cretu.", "Enigma (musical project) __knowledge__ Cretu had released several solo records, collaborated with various artists, and produced albums for his then wife, German pop singer Sandra, before he conceived the idea of a New Age, Worldbeat project.", "Enigma (musical project) __knowledge__ He recorded the first Enigma studio album, \"MCMXC a.D.\" (1990), with contributions from David Fairstein and Frank Peterson.", "Enigma (musical project) __knowledge__ The album remains Enigma's biggest, helped by the international hit single, \"Sadeness (Part I)\", which sold 12 million units alone.", "Enigma (musical project) __knowledge__ According to Cretu, the inspiration for the creation of the project came from his desire to make a kind of music that did not obey \"the old rules and habits\" and presented a new form of artistic expression with mystic and experimental components.", "MCMXC a.D. __knowledge__ MCMXC a.D. (\"1990\" in Roman numerals followed by an abbreviation of Anno Domini) is the first studio album by the German music project Enigma, headed by Romanian-German musician Michael Cretu, released on 10 December 1990 by Virgin Records in the United Kingdom and on 28 January 1991 by Charisma Records in the United States.", "MCMXC a.D. __knowledge__ Before he founded Enigma, Cretu had released several solo records, collaborated with various artists, and produced albums for his then wife, German pop singer Sandra.", "MCMXC a.D. __knowledge__ Following their marriage in 1988, Cretu developed an idea for a New-age music project named Enigma, and recorded \"MCMXC a.D.\" in eight months at A.R.T.", "Kathua __knowledge__ Kathua (kəˈθʊə), is a city and a Municipal Council in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir.", "Kathua __knowledge__ The word \"Kathua\" is derived from the word \"Thuan\" in Dogri which means \"Scorpions\".", "Kathua __knowledge__ Some believe that its name is derived from the name of Rishi Kashyap who disguised himself as a tortoise (Kachua)for strong meditation.Jodh Singh of the Andotra clan is believed to have migrated from Hastinapur to [Kathua] nearly 2,000 years ago.His three sons established the three Hamlets of Taraf Tajwal, Taraf Manjali and Taraf Bhajwal.", "Kathua __knowledge__ These hamlets later evolved into modern day Kathua.", "Kathua __knowledge__ Kathua is also called 'the city of Sufis' or ' Dawlat Auliya' owing to the presence of large number of Sufi Shrines of Pirs.", "Ambrosian chant __knowledge__ Ambrosian chant (also known as Milanese chant) is the liturgical plainchant repertory of the Ambrosian rite of the Roman Catholic Church, related to but distinct from Gregorian chant.", "Ambrosian chant __knowledge__ It is primarily associated with the Archdiocese of Milan, and named after St. Ambrose much as Gregorian chant is named after Gregory the Great.", "Ambrosian chant __knowledge__ It is the only surviving plainchant tradition besides the Gregorian to maintain the official sanction of the Roman Catholic Church.", "Ambrosian chant __knowledge__ The history of Milan as a center for religious music goes back to St. Ambrose.", "Ambrosian chant __knowledge__ Ambrose is not known to have composed any of the Ambrosian chant repertory, much as Gregory the Great is not known to have composed any Gregorian chant.", "Kathua district __knowledge__ Kathua district is one of 22 administrative districts that comprise the state of Jammu and Kashmir under Indian rule.", "Kathua district __knowledge__ It is surrounded by Jammu to the northwest, the Doda and Udhampur districts to the north, the state of Himachal Pradesh to the east, Punjab to the south, and Pakistan's working boundary to the west.", "Kathua district __knowledge__ Its terrain is diverse, consisting of rich agricultural areas along the Punjab/Kashmir border, plains sweeping eastward to the foothills of the Himalaya, and a mountainous Pahari region in the east.", "Kathua district __knowledge__ Kathua district is divided into 8 blocks: Bani, Barnoti, Basholi, Billawar, Duggan, Ghagwal, Hiranagar, Kathua and Lohai Malhar." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga (; Sanskrit, योगः Listen) is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines which originated in ancient India.", "Yoga __knowledge__ There is a broad variety of yoga schools, practices, and goals in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Among the most well-known types of yoga are Hatha yoga and Rāja yoga.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The origins of yoga have been speculated to date back to pre-Vedic Indian traditions; it is mentioned in the Rigveda, but most likely developed around the sixth and fifth centuries BCE, in ancient India's ascetic and śramaṇa movements.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The chronology of earliest texts describing yoga-practices is unclear, varyingly credited to Hindu Upanishads.", "Yoga __knowledge__ The \"Yoga Sutras of Patanjali\" date from the first half of the 1st millennium CE, but only gained prominence in the West in the 20th century.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Hatha yoga texts emerged around the 11th century with origins in tantra.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga gurus from India later introduced yoga to the West, following the success of Swami Vivekananda in the late 19th and early 20th century.", "Yoga __knowledge__ In the 1980s, yoga became popular as a system of physical exercise across the Western world.", "Yoga __knowledge__ Yoga in Indian traditions, however, is more than physical exercise; it has a meditative and spiritual core.", "Jewish prayer __knowledge__ Jewish prayer (, \"tefillah\" ; plural , \"tefillot\" ; Yiddish תּפֿלה \"tfile\" , plural תּפֿלות \"tfilles\" ; Yinglish: davening from Yiddish דאַוון \"daven\" ‘pray’) are the prayer recitations and Jewish meditation traditions that form part of the observance of Rabbinic Judaism.", "Jewish prayer __knowledge__ These prayers, often with instructions and commentary, are found in the \"siddur\", the traditional Jewish prayer book.", "Jewish prayer __knowledge__ However, if the Talmud mentions \"tefillah\", it refers to the Shemoneh Esreh only.", "Jewish prayer __knowledge__ Prayer—as a \"service of the heart\"—is in principle a Torah-based commandment.", "Jewish prayer __knowledge__ It is not time-dependent and is mandatory for both Jewish men and women.", "Prayer for the dead __knowledge__ Wherever there is a belief in the continued existence of human personality through and after death, religion naturally concerns itself with the relations between the living and the dead.", "Prayer for the dead __knowledge__ And where the idea of a future judgment or a Resurrection of the Dead or of Purgatory exists, prayers are often offered on behalf of the dead to God.", "Prayer for the dead __knowledge__ Along reading Buddhist sutras such as Sutra of The Great Vows of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva, Amitabha Sutra or Diamond Sutra, Ritsu offer refuge, Pure Land Buddhists nianfo or chant Pure Land Rebirth Dhāraṇī and Tibetan Buddhists chant Om mani padme hum repeatedly.", "Prayer for the dead __knowledge__ Prayers such as Namo Ratnasikhin Tathagata are for animals.", "Prayer __knowledge__ Prayer (from the Latin \"precari\" \"to ask earnestly, beg, entreat\") is an invocation or act that seeks to activate a rapport with an object of worship through deliberate communication.", "Prayer __knowledge__ Prayer can be a form of religious practice, may be either individual or communal and take place in public or in private.", "Prayer __knowledge__ It may involve the use of words, song or complete silence.", "Prayer __knowledge__ When language is used, prayer may take the form of a hymn, incantation, formal creedal statement, or a spontaneous utterance in the praying person.", "Prayer __knowledge__ There are different forms of prayer such as petitionary prayer, prayers of supplication, thanksgiving, and praise.", "Salah __knowledge__ Salah (\"Muslim prayer\", ; pl.", "Salah __knowledge__ '; also salat\"'), called \"namāz\" () in some languages, is one of the Five Pillars in the faith of Islam and an obligatory religious duty for every Muslim.", "Salah __knowledge__ It is a physical, mental, and spiritual act of worship that is observed five times every day at prescribed times.", "Salah __knowledge__ In this ritual, the worshiper starts standing, bows, prostrates themself, and concludes while sitting on the ground.", "Salah __knowledge__ During each posture, the worshiper recites or reads certain verses, phrases and prayers.", "Salah __knowledge__ The word salah is commonly translated as \"prayer\" but this definition might be confusing.", "Salah __knowledge__ Muslims use the words \"dua\" or \"supplication\" when referring to the common definition of prayers which is \"reverent petitions made to God\".", "Tridentine Mass __knowledge__ The Tridentine Mass, the 1962 version of which has been officially declared the (authorized) extraordinary form of the Roman Rite of Mass (Extraordinary Form for short; ), is the Roman Rite Mass which appears in typical editions of the Roman Missal published from 1570 to 1962.", "Tridentine Mass __knowledge__ The most widely used Mass liturgy in the world until the introduction of the Mass of Paul VI in 1969, it is celebrated in ecclesiastical Latin.", "Tridentine Mass __knowledge__ \"Tridentine\" is derived from the Latin \"Tridentinus\", \"related to the city of Tridentum\" (modern-day Trent, Italy), where the Council of Trent was held.", "Tridentine Mass __knowledge__ In response to a decision of that council, Pope Pius V promulgated the 1570 Roman Missal, making it mandatory throughout the Latin Church, except in places and religious orders with missals from before 1370.", "Canonical hours __knowledge__ In the practice of Christianity, canonical hours mark the divisions of the day in terms of periods of fixed prayer at regular intervals.", "Canonical hours __knowledge__ A book of hours normally contains a version of, or selection from, such prayers.", "Canonical hours __knowledge__ The practice of daily prayers grew from the Jewish practice of reciting prayers at set times of the day known as \"zmanim\": for example, in the \"Acts of the Apostles\", Saint Peter and John the Evangelist visit the Temple in Jerusalem for the afternoon prayers.", "Canonical hours __knowledge__ Psalm 119:164 states: \"Seven times a day I praise you for your righteous laws\" (of this, Symeon of Thessalonica writes that \"the times of prayer and the services are seven in number, like the number of gifts of the Spirit, since the holy prayers are from the Spirit\").", "Book of Common Prayer __knowledge__ The Book of Common Prayer (BCP) is the short title of a number of related prayer books used in the Anglican Communion, as well as by the Continuing Anglican, \"Anglican realignment\" and other Anglican Christian churches.", "Book of Common Prayer __knowledge__ The original book, published in 1549 in the reign of Edward VI, was a product of the English Reformation following the break with Rome.", "Book of Common Prayer __knowledge__ Prayer books, unlike books of prayers, contain the words of structured (or liturgical) services of worship.", "Book of Common Prayer __knowledge__ The work of 1549 was the first prayer book to include the complete forms of service for daily and Sunday worship in English.", "Book of Common Prayer __knowledge__ It contained Morning Prayer, Evening Prayer, the Litany, and Holy Communion and also the occasional services in full: the orders for Baptism, Confirmation, Marriage, \"prayers to be said with the sick\", and a funeral service.", "Gregorian chant __knowledge__ Gregorian chant is the central tradition of Western plainchant, a form of monophonic, unaccompanied sacred song of the Roman Catholic Church.", "Gregorian chant __knowledge__ Gregorian chant developed mainly in western and central Europe during the 9th and 10th centuries, with later additions and redactions.", "Gregorian chant __knowledge__ Although popular legend credits Pope St. Gregory the Great with inventing Gregorian chant, scholars believe that it arose from a later Carolingian synthesis of Roman chant and Gallican chant.", "Gregorian chant __knowledge__ Gregorian chants were organized initially into four, then eight, and finally 12 modes.", "Gregorian chant __knowledge__ Typical melodic features include a characteristic ambitus, and also characteristic intervallic patterns relative to a referential mode final, incipits and cadences, the use of reciting tones at a particular distance from the final, around which the other notes of the melody revolve, and a vocabulary of musical motifs woven together through a process called centonization to create families of related chants.", "Roman Catholic (term) __knowledge__ Roman Catholic is a term sometimes used to differentiate members of the Catholic Church in full communion with the Pope in Rome from other Christians, especially those who also self-identify as \"\"Catholic\"\", such as Anglo-Catholics and Independent Catholics.", "Roman Catholic (term) __knowledge__ The term is not an official title used by the Vatican or bishops in union with the Pope as a designation for their faith or institution.", "Roman Catholic (term) __knowledge__ It is instead a term that became common among non-Catholics, especially in English, which is now occasionally used by Roman Catholic officials.", "Roman Catholic (term) __knowledge__ \"Catholic\" is one of the Four Marks of the Church set out in the Nicene Creed, a statement of belief accepted by members of many denominations some of which assert belief in an invisible form of \"Christian Church\" analogous to branch theory and Protestant ecclesiology.", "Church music __knowledge__ Church music is music written for performance in church, or any musical setting of ecclesiastical liturgy, or music set to words expressing propositions of a sacred nature, such as a hymn.", "Church music __knowledge__ Christianity began as a small, persecuted Jewish sect.", "Church music __knowledge__ At first there was no break with the Jewish faith; Christians still attended synagogues and the Second Temple in Jerusalem just as Jesus Christ had done, and presumably still carried on the same musical traditions in their separate Christian meetings.", "Church music __knowledge__ The only record of communal song in the Gospels is the last meeting of the disciples before the Crucifixion.", "Medieval music __knowledge__ Medieval music consists of songs, instrumental pieces, and liturgical music from about 500 A.D. to 1400.", "Medieval music __knowledge__ Medieval music was an era of Western music, including liturgical music (also known as sacred) used for the church, and secular music, non-religious music.", "Medieval music __knowledge__ Medieval music includes solely vocal music, such as Gregorian chant and choral music (music for a group of singers), solely instrumental music, and music that uses both voices and instruments (typically with the instruments accompanying the voices).", "Medieval music __knowledge__ Gregorian chant was sung by monks during Catholic Mass.", "Medieval music __knowledge__ The Mass is a reenactment of Christ's Last Supper, intended to provide a spiritual connection between man and God.", "Ambrosian chant __knowledge__ Ambrosian chant (also known as Milanese chant) is the liturgical plainchant repertory of the Ambrosian rite of the Roman Catholic Church, related to but distinct from Gregorian chant.", "Ambrosian chant __knowledge__ It is primarily associated with the Archdiocese of Milan, and named after St. Ambrose much as Gregorian chant is named after Gregory the Great.", "Ambrosian chant __knowledge__ It is the only surviving plainchant tradition besides the Gregorian to maintain the official sanction of the Roman Catholic Church.", "Ambrosian chant __knowledge__ The history of Milan as a center for religious music goes back to St. Ambrose.", "Ambrosian chant __knowledge__ Ambrose is not known to have composed any of the Ambrosian chant repertory, much as Gregory the Great is not known to have composed any Gregorian chant.", "René Vilatte __knowledge__ Joseph René Vilatte (January 24, 1854 – July 8, 1929), also known religiously as \"Mar\" Timotheus I, was a French–American Christian leader active in France and the United States.", "René Vilatte __knowledge__ He was associated with several Christian denominations before his ordination as a priest by a Christian Catholic Church of Switzerland (CKS) bishop at the request of a Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America (PECUSA) bishop for service in a diocese.", "René Vilatte __knowledge__ He was later consecrated as a bishop by Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church bishops with the knowledge and permission of the Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch.", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases __knowledge__ Cases of child sexual abuse by Catholic priests, nuns and members of religious orders, and subsequent cover-ups, in the 20th and 21st centuries have led to numerous allegations, investigations, trials and convictions.", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases __knowledge__ The abused include boys and girls, some as young as 3 years old, with the majority between the ages of 11 and 14.", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases __knowledge__ The accusations began to receive isolated, sporadic publicity in the late 1980s.", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases __knowledge__ Many of these involved cases in which a figure was accused of abuse for decades; such allegations were frequently made by adults or older youths years after the abuse occurred.", "Catholic Church sexual abuse cases __knowledge__ Cases have also been brought against members of the Catholic hierarchy who covered up sex abuse allegations and moved abusive priests to other parishes where abuse continued." ] ]

[ 4, 0, 39, 44, 60 ]

[ "Not much, other than it started back in pre-Vedic Indian traditions, and has to do with slow movements. You?", "No. So there are chants that go with it?", "I can't help but think of Gregorian chants. That would be a little weird though.", "Well, they are chants that are monophonic, and are part of the Roman Catholic Church.", "Well, they were Medieval and sung by monks, so probably not now. However" ]

[ "Yoga", "Yoga", "Yoga", "Yoga", "Yoga" ]

[ "University of Chicago", "No, actually I haven't. How long has it been around?", "Wow, it must be a very prestigious university.", "Impressive! What are some of the programs that they offer?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "University of Chicago __knowledge__ The University of Chicago (U of C, Chicago, or UChicago) is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois.", "University of Chicago __knowledge__ It holds top-ten positions in various national and international rankings.", "University of Chicago __knowledge__ The university is composed of the College, various graduate programs and interdisciplinary committees organized into five academic research divisions and seven professional schools.", "University of Chicago __knowledge__ Beyond the arts and sciences, Chicago is also well known for its professional schools, which include the Pritzker School of Medicine, the Booth School of Business, the Law School, the School of Social Service Administration, the Harris School of Public Policy Studies, the Divinity School and the Graham School of Continuing Liberal and Professional Studies.", "University of Chicago __knowledge__ The university currently enrolls 5,971 undergraduate students, and 16,016 students overall.", "University of Chicago __knowledge__ University of Chicago scholars have played a major role in the development of many academic disciplines, including sociology, law, economics, literary criticism, religion and the behavioralism school of political science.", "University of Chicago __knowledge__ Chicago's physics department and the Met Lab helped develop the world's first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction (Chicago Pile-1) beneath the viewing stands of university's Stagg Field, a key part of the classified Manhattan Project effort of World War II." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "University of Chicago __knowledge__ The University of Chicago (U of C, Chicago, or UChicago) is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois.", "University of Chicago __knowledge__ It holds top-ten positions in various national and international rankings.", "University of Chicago __knowledge__ The university is composed of the College, various graduate programs and interdisciplinary committees organized into five academic research divisions and seven professional schools.", "University of Chicago __knowledge__ Beyond the arts and sciences, Chicago is also well known for its professional schools, which include the Pritzker School of Medicine, the Booth School of Business, the Law School, the School of Social Service Administration, the Harris School of Public Policy Studies, the Divinity School and the Graham School of Continuing Liberal and Professional Studies.", "University of Chicago __knowledge__ The university currently enrolls 5,971 undergraduate students, and 16,016 students overall.", "University of Chicago __knowledge__ University of Chicago scholars have played a major role in the development of many academic disciplines, including sociology, law, economics, literary criticism, religion and the behavioralism school of political science.", "University of Chicago __knowledge__ Chicago's physics department and the Met Lab helped develop the world's first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction (Chicago Pile-1) beneath the viewing stands of university's Stagg Field, a key part of the classified Manhattan Project effort of World War II.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ \"The Dresden Files\", a contemporary fantasy/mystery novel series written by American author Jim Butcher, features a wide cast of characters.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ The book series was also made into a live-action television series which ran in 2007.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ Species: Human (Wizard) Description: Private investigator, Regional Commander of the White Council's Wardens, Knight of the Winter Court, Warden of Demonreach Prison Harry Blackstone Copperfield Dresden is a wizard and the protagonist of the series.", "The Dresden Files characters __knowledge__ He works as a supernatural private investigator in Chicago, dealing with paranormal crimes and consulting for the Chicago Police Department.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that have appeared in the \"Madagascar\" films, the television series \"The Penguins of Madagascar\", and the Netflix series \"All Hail King Julien\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ Tom McGrath explained in an interview that the intention of \"Madagascar\" was not to take a political stance on whether \"zoos are bad and the wild is better, or that the wild is bad,\" but to show \"the most extreme 'fish out of water' story that [they] could do\".", "List of Madagascar (franchise) characters __knowledge__ McGrath stated \"the basic irony to the story is that, you think animals do belong in the wild, but if they're so accustomed to civility, they wouldn't know where food even came from,\" and the animals were meant to \"love the zoo and to love where they are because they've got\" \"right off Fifth Avenue\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of the major characters from the anime and manga series \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\" and its spin-offs \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ GXP\", \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ War on Geminar\", \"Tenchi Universe\", \"Tenchi in Tokyo\", \"Ai Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ \", \"\", \"Magical Project S\", and \"Magical Girl Pretty Sammy\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Masaki Kajishima and Hiroki Hayashi, who both worked on the \"Bubblegum Crisis\" OAVs, cite the show as being the inspiration for \"Tenchi Muyo!", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Ryo-Ohki\".", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ In an interview with AIC, Hayashi described \"Bubblegum Crisis\" as \"a pretty gloomy anime.", "List of Tenchi Muyo! characters __knowledge__ Serious fighting, complicated human relationships, and dark Mega Tokyo.\"", "List of Kung Fu Panda characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters from the DreamWorks animated film media franchise \"Kung Fu Panda\", with their shorts and specials \"Secrets of the Furious Five\", \"Kung Fu Panda Holiday\", \"\", and \"\", as well as the video games and TV show \"\".", "List of Kung Fu Panda characters __knowledge__ The world of \"Kung Fu Panda\" is a fantasized version of ancient China as typically depicted in the wuxia film genre populated by anthropomorphized Asian animals where the martial arts can have magical qualities on top of extraordinary physical prowess for those sufficiently skilled.", "List of Kung Fu Panda characters __knowledge__ Master Po Ping (Chinese for \"Precious Peace\"), born Lotus Shan, is the titular protagonist of the \"Kung Fu Panda\" franchise.", "List of Santa Barbara cast and characters __knowledge__ This is a list of \"Santa Barbara\" cast and characters.", "List of Santa Barbara cast and characters __knowledge__ The following characters are notable for their actions or relationships and/or part of a notable family from the series, who warrant their own articles.", "List of Santa Barbara cast and characters __knowledge__ The following are notable characters who do not warrant their own articles.", "List of Santa Barbara cast and characters __knowledge__ \"Rupert Ravens (July 30, 1984-November 28, 1986)\" Danny, Santana's younger brother, was part of the very first teen set on the show.", "List of Santa Barbara cast and characters __knowledge__ Danny and his friends sought fame in Hollywood and even opened a hotel.", "List of Santa Barbara cast and characters __knowledge__ He was involved with Jade Perkins, but their relationship was eventually phased out.", "List of Santa Barbara cast and characters __knowledge__ By 1985 Danny was almost forgotten.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ This article contains brief biographies for characters from Terry Pratchett's \"Discworld\" series.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ This list consists of human characters.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ For biographies of noted members of the Discworld's \"ethnic minorities\" (dwarfs, trolls, undead (Discworld), etc.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ ), see the specific articles for those races.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ Some character biographies are also listed in articles relating to the organisations they belong to.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ For further Discworld character biographies, see the table below.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ Characters are listed alphabetically by name.", "Discworld characters __knowledge__ The daughter of Robert Dearheart, founder of the Grand Trunk Semaphore Company, and sister of the murdered John Dearheart, Adora Belle Dearheart (featured in \"Going Postal\", \"Making Money\" and \"Raising Steam\") is cynical, angry, and a heavy smoker (so memorably heavy that Moist, needing to find her, considered looking for a large plume of smoke coming from houses in the area, but ultimately asked a tobacconist), although it is also noted that she looks extremely good in a very plain gray dress.", "Varsity Series (Nottingham) __knowledge__ The Varsity Series, or the Charity Varsity Series, comprises a number of sports events pitching the University of Nottingham and Nottingham Trent University against each other in a university rivalry.", "Varsity Series (Nottingham) __knowledge__ It has been organised for the benefit of charity since 2004.", "Varsity Series (Nottingham) __knowledge__ The university that wins the most events is declared winner.", "Varsity Series (Nottingham) __knowledge__ One point and half a point are awarded for winning and drawing an event, respectively.", "Varsity Series (Nottingham) __knowledge__ The two institutions are based in Nottingham in the United Kingdom and the rivalry is contested in a variety of sports, although ice hockey is seen as the premier event and is the second most attended university ice hockey match outside of North America, selling out the 7,500-seat National Ice Centre since 2009.", "University of Northern Iowa __knowledge__ The University of Northern Iowa (UNI) is a university located in Cedar Falls, Iowa, United States.", "University of Northern Iowa __knowledge__ UNI offers more than 90 majors across the colleges of Business Administration, Education, Humanities, Arts, and Sciences, and Social and Behavioral sciences, and graduate college.", "University of Northern Iowa __knowledge__ UNI has consistently been named one of the \"Best in the Midwest\" in the Princeton Review Best 351 College Rankings guide, and has ranked second in the category \"public regional universities (Midwest)\" by U.S. News & World Report for twelve consecutive years.", "University of Northern Iowa __knowledge__ UNI's accounting program has consistently ranked in the top 10 universities in the nation for the pass rate of first-time candidates on the CPA Exam.", "Sydney Uni Baseball Club __knowledge__ Sydney Uni Baseball Club is an Australian baseball club that was established in , making it one of the oldest clubs in Australia.", "Sydney Uni Baseball Club __knowledge__ Sydney Uni Baseball Club is a part of Sydney University Sport and Fitness, an organisation whose history dates back to 1852.", "Sydney Uni Baseball Club __knowledge__ Sydney Uni Sport & Fitness has produced more Australian representatives and won more major competitions than any other club.", "Sydney Uni Baseball Club __knowledge__ SUBC enters three teams in the Sydney Winter Baseball League, which is the highest calibre competition in the state for the winter season.", "Sydney Uni Baseball Club __knowledge__ The club also enters a fourth team into the Pacific Coast Baseball League.", "Sydney Uni Baseball Club __knowledge__ The NSW baseball competition was established in , and the club's affiliation was made and the club constituted in .", "University Laboratory High School (Urbana, Illinois) __knowledge__ The University of Illinois Laboratory High School, known as Uni, or Uni High, was established in 1921 and is a laboratory school located on the engineering section of the University of Illinois campus in Urbana, Illinois.", "University Laboratory High School (Urbana, Illinois) __knowledge__ Its enrollment is approximately 300 students, spanning five years (the traditional grades 9-12, preceded by a composite 7th and 8th grade year known as the \"subfreshman\" year).", "University Laboratory High School (Urbana, Illinois) __knowledge__ The school is notable for the achievements of its alumni, including three Nobel laureates, a Pulitzer Prize winner, and a winner of Rupaul's Drag Race; in 2006 and 2008 it was recognized as a \"public elite\" school by \"Newsweek\" because of its students' high scores on the SAT.", "Captain Universe __knowledge__ Captain Universe is a fictional character, a superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Captain Universe __knowledge__ It is the guardian and protector of Eternity.", "Captain Universe __knowledge__ Rather than a character with a single identity, Captain Universe is a persona that has merged with several hosts during its publication history.", "Captain Universe __knowledge__ Captain Universe first appeared in \"Micronauts\" #8 and was created by Bill Mantlo and Michael Golden.", "Captain Universe __knowledge__ Captain Universe hosts have appeared in either special one-shots or short stories throughout the years, initially in the first series of the \"Micronauts\" in 1979.", "Captain Universe __knowledge__ Captain Universe was the starring feature in issues #9-11 of the tryout series \"Marvel Spotlight\".", "Uni-Mind __knowledge__ The Uni-Mind is a fictional composite being in the Marvel Universe.", "Uni-Mind __knowledge__ The Uni-Mind and the Eternals were the creation of Jack Kirby.", "Uni-Mind __knowledge__ Normally the Uni-Mind is a mental gestalt entity and collective intelligence of at least seven Eternals, but Uni-Minds have also been composed of Eternals, humans, Deviants and Brethren; Varua of the Young Gods is also able to create a joining with her fellow Young Gods which is similar to the Uni-Mind.", "Uni-Mind __knowledge__ The Uni-Mind possesses all the powers, knowledge and combined intellect of those who are part of it, and all the participants share each other's knowledge and can gain new insights and perceptions.", "Ben Jacobson __knowledge__ Ben Scott Jacobson (born December 16, 1970) is the head men's basketball coach at the University of Northern Iowa since 2006.", "Ben Jacobson __knowledge__ He served as an assistant at North Dakota, North Dakota State, and Northern Iowa before taking over as head coach at Northern Iowa in 2006.", "Ben Jacobson __knowledge__ Jacobson attended Mayville-Portland high school.", "Ben Jacobson __knowledge__ After his senior year he was named 1989's North Dakota Mr. Basketball.", "Ben Jacobson __knowledge__ Jacobson went on to play collegiately at the University of North Dakota from 1989-1993.", "Ben Jacobson __knowledge__ He was a four-year letterman for the Sioux, a two-year starter, and he ended his career as the school's all-time assist leader." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "University of Chicago __knowledge__ The University of Chicago (U of C, Chicago, or UChicago) is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois.", "University of Chicago __knowledge__ It holds top-ten positions in various national and international rankings.", "University of Chicago __knowledge__ The university is composed of the College, various graduate programs and interdisciplinary committees organized into five academic research divisions and seven professional schools.", "University of Chicago __knowledge__ Beyond the arts and sciences, Chicago is also well known for its professional schools, which include the Pritzker School of Medicine, the Booth School of Business, the Law School, the School of Social Service Administration, the Harris School of Public Policy Studies, the Divinity School and the Graham School of Continuing Liberal and Professional Studies.", "University of Chicago __knowledge__ The university currently enrolls 5,971 undergraduate students, and 16,016 students overall.", "University of Chicago __knowledge__ University of Chicago scholars have played a major role in the development of many academic disciplines, including sociology, law, economics, literary criticism, religion and the behavioralism school of political science.", "University of Chicago __knowledge__ Chicago's physics department and the Met Lab helped develop the world's first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction (Chicago Pile-1) beneath the viewing stands of university's Stagg Field, a key part of the classified Manhattan Project effort of World War II.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A pow wow (also powwow or pow-wow) is a social gathering held by many different Native American communities.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ A modern pow wow is a specific type of event for Native American people to meet and dance, sing, socialize, and honor their cultures.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows may be private or public.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ There is generally a dancing competition, with many different types of traditional dances, music and regalia, often with significant prize money awarded.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ Pow wows vary in length from a one-day event, to major pow wows called for a special occasion which can be up to one week long.", "Pow wow __knowledge__ In popular culture, such as older Western movies, the term has also been used to describe any gathering of Native Americans, or to refer to any type of meeting, such as among military personnel.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Shad Gregory Moss (born March 9, 1987), better known by his stage name Bow Wow (formerly Lil' Bow Wow), is an American rapper, actor and television host.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As Lil' Bow Wow, he released his first album, \"Beware of Dog\", in 2000 at age 13, which was followed by \"Doggy Bag\" in 2001.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In 2003, Bow Wow released his third album \"Unleashed\", which was the first album released without using Lil' in his name.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ As of September 27, 2015, Bow Wow has signed a management deal to Bad Boy Records.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ Bow Wow made his first movie appearance in \"All About the Benjamins\", in 2002 as a cameo.", "Bow Wow (rapper) __knowledge__ In the same year, Bow Wow made his debut as the lead role in \"Like Mike\".", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Atelier Bow-Wow is a Tokyo-based architecture firm, founded in 1992 by Yoshiharu Tsukamoto and Momoyo Kajima.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ The firm is well known for its domestic and cultural architecture and its research exploring the urban conditions of micro, ad hoc architecture.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Yoshiharu Tsukamoto was born in Kanagawa Prefecture in 1965.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ He studied architecture at Tokyo Institute of Technology, graduating from his undergraduate degree in 1987.", "Atelier Bow-Wow __knowledge__ Tsukamoto travelled to Paris to be a guest student at L’Ecole d’Architecture de Belleville (UP 8) from 1987–88 and in 1994 he completed a Doctor of Engineering program at Tokyo Institute of Technology.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ Bow Wow Wow are an English 1980s new wave band, created by Malcolm McLaren.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ The group's music has been described as new wave, pop and worldbeat, characterized by an \"African-derived drum sound\".", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ In 1980, McLaren persuaded guitarist Matthew Ashman, drummer David Barbarossa (also known as Dave Barbe) and bassist Leigh Gorman, all then members of Adam and the Ants, to leave the founder of the band, Adam Ant, and form a new group.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ After a six-month audition process for a lead singer, the band enlisted Annabella Lwin.", "Bow Wow Wow __knowledge__ David Fishel, an acquaintance of McLaren's, discovered 13-year-old Lwin while she was working a Saturday job at her local dry cleaners.", "WOW series __knowledge__ \"WOW\" is a series of annual compilation albums featuring contemporary Christian music dating from 1995.", "WOW series __knowledge__ Comprising songs submitted by each partner label, the annual \"WOW Hits\" releases are typically double CD sets.", "WOW series __knowledge__ The birth of the WOW record project can be traced Grant Cunningham, A&R Director at Sparrow Records.", "WOW series __knowledge__ In November 1994 Grant made a business trip to EMI Limited in London, which at the time was the parent company of Sparrow Records.", "WOW series __knowledge__ There he noticed that several British record labels were issuing an annual CD of top-rated songs, known as the \"NOW\" series, containing collections of pop songs.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ Wow Mali is the longest-running, multi-awarded and top-rated gag show in the Philippines aired over TV5 hosted by Joey De Leon.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ The show was discontinued on May 2007 but some episodes still aired on \"Wow Mali Bytes\" and \"Wow Mali Express\".", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ On February 22, 2009, \"Wow Mali\" returned to TV5.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ Following the network's second reformat after Holy Week, Wow Mali was set to return on April 6, 2009, airing every Wednesday at 7:30 PM.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ The show was again discontinued on September 1, 2010 and was replaced by a spin-off show, Wow Meganon which lasted until April 8, 2011.", "Wow Mali __knowledge__ Its third incarnation aired on April 11, 2011 and ended on February 26, 2012.", "Women of Wrestling __knowledge__ WOW - Women Of Wrestling, aka WOW!, is a women's professional wrestling promotion founded in 2000 by David McLane, previously the founder of Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling.", "Women of Wrestling __knowledge__ It is based in Los Angeles, California, and is owned by McLane and Los Angeles Lakers owner and president Jeanie Buss.", "Women of Wrestling __knowledge__ The promotion launched a series of syndicated programs in the 2000-01 television seasons in 102 TV markets using a similar format of character driven performers, with names befitting a comic book series, such as Jungle Grrrl, an inmate tag-team complete with orange jump suits named Caged Heat, a Hollywood starlet named Lana Star, and the Persian Princess.", "Princess Maria Amélia of Brazil __knowledge__ Dona Maria Amélia (1 December 1831 – 4 February 1853) was a princess of the Empire of Brazil and a member of the Brazilian branch of the House of Braganza.", "Princess Maria Amélia of Brazil __knowledge__ Her parents were Emperor Dom Pedro I, the first ruler of Brazil, and Amélie of Leuchtenberg.", "Princess Maria Amélia of Brazil __knowledge__ The only child of her father's second marriage, Maria Amélia was born in France after Pedro I abdicated the Brazilian throne in favor of his son Dom Pedro II.", "Princess Maria Amélia of Brazil __knowledge__ Before Maria Amélia was a month old, Pedro I went to Portugal to restore the crown of the eldest daughter of his first marriage, Dona Maria II.", "Princess Maria Amélia of Brazil __knowledge__ He fought a successful war against his brother Miguel I, who had usurped Maria II's throne.", "St Patrick's Convent, North Ward __knowledge__ St Patrick's Convent is a heritage-listed convent at 45 The Strand, North Ward, City of Townsville, Queensland, Australia.", "St Patrick's Convent, North Ward __knowledge__ It was built in .", "St Patrick's Convent, North Ward __knowledge__ It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 3 February 2012.", "St Patrick's Convent, North Ward __knowledge__ St Patrick's Convent, the oldest known surviving purpose-built convent in Queensland, is a timber-framed two-storey building located on The Strand at Townsville.", "St Patrick's Convent, North Ward __knowledge__ It was built for the Sisters of Mercy during 1883 and was a substantial improvement on an earlier one built for the Sisters of St Joseph.", "St Patrick's Convent, North Ward __knowledge__ They had worked in the parish since 1872, establishing a school and convent, before leaving Townsville early in 1878.", "Djaoeh Dimata __knowledge__ Djaoeh Dimata (; Perfected Spelling: Jauh Dimata; Indonesian for \"Out of Sight\") is a 1948 film from what is now Indonesia written and directed by Andjar Asmara for the South Pacific Film Corporation (SPFC).", "Djaoeh Dimata __knowledge__ Starring Ratna Asmara and Ali Joego, it follows a woman who goes to Jakarta to find work after her husband is blinded in an accident.", "Djaoeh Dimata __knowledge__ SPFC's first production, \"Djaoeh Dimata\" took two to three months to film and cost almost 130,000 gulden.", "Djaoeh Dimata __knowledge__ The first domestically produced feature film to be released in five years, \"Djaoeh Dimata\" received favourable reviews, although financially it was outperformed by Roestam Sutan Palindih's \"Air Mata Mengalir di Tjitarum\" (released soon after).", "Brewster & Co. __knowledge__ Brewster & Company was an American custom carriage-maker and automobile coachbuilder founded by James Brewster in 1810 and active almost 130 years.", "Brewster & Co. __knowledge__ Brewster began in New Haven, Connecticut and quickly established a reputation for building America's finest carriages.", "Brewster & Co. __knowledge__ He opened his first New York City showroom at 52 Broad Street in 1827.", "Brewster & Co. __knowledge__ Brewster's first known bodywork on an automobile was on an electric car in 1896 then a gasoline-powered Delaunay-Belleville chassis in 1905.", "Brewster & Co. __knowledge__ Eventually they built bodies on chassis from a variety of makers winning a particular link with Rolls-Royce America Inc at Springfield.", "Southland railway station __knowledge__ Southland railway station is a railway station on the Frankston line in the Melbourne suburb of Cheltenham.", "Southland railway station __knowledge__ The first proposal for a railway station between Highett and Cheltenham stations on the Frankston railway line at Bay Road, occurred in the early 1880s, during the completion of the Frankston Line.", "Southland railway station __knowledge__ Plans progressed throughout the 1880s, until they discontinued in 1892, by the City of Moorabbin, which at the time had other issues demanding attention.", "Southland railway station __knowledge__ When Westfield Southland (then Southland Shopping Centre) opened in September 1968, discussions were raised on whether a railway station would be built on the Frankston line, adjacent to land then-occupied by the St John of God home for boys.", "Barangaroo, New South Wales __knowledge__ Barangaroo is an inner-city suburb of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.", "Barangaroo, New South Wales __knowledge__ It is located on the north-western edge of the Sydney central business district and the southern end of the Sydney Harbour Bridge.", "Barangaroo, New South Wales __knowledge__ It is part of the local government area of the City of Sydney, and was part of the territory of the Cadigal people, the traditional owners of the Sydney city region.", "Barangaroo, New South Wales __knowledge__ The area was used for fishing and hunting by Indigenous Australians prior to colonial settlement.", "Barangaroo, New South Wales __knowledge__ The area is inclusive of The Hungry Mile, the name harbourside workers gave to the docklands area of Darling Harbour East during The Great Depression, where workers would walk from wharf to wharf in search of a job, often failing to find one.", "United States Geological Survey Library __knowledge__ The United States Geological Survey Library (USGS Library) is a program within the United States Geological Survey, a scientific bureau within the Department of Interior of the United States government.", "United States Geological Survey Library __knowledge__ The USGS operates as a fact-finding research organization with no regulatory responsibility.", "United States Geological Survey Library __knowledge__ The USGS Library has major branches in Lakewood, Colorado (Denver Federal Center), and Menlo Park, California and smaller, focused research libraries in Flagstaff, Arizona and Lafayette, Louisiana.", "United States Geological Survey Library __knowledge__ Today the United States Geological Survey Library's users have access to over 3 million items: over 1.7 million books and journals, 700,000 maps, 370,000 microforms, 270,000 pamphlets, 260,000 black-and-white photographs, 60,000 color transparencies, 15,000 field record notebooks, and 250 videocassettes." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "University of Chicago __knowledge__ The University of Chicago (U of C, Chicago, or UChicago) is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois.", "University of Chicago __knowledge__ It holds top-ten positions in various national and international rankings.", "University of Chicago __knowledge__ The university is composed of the College, various graduate programs and interdisciplinary committees organized into five academic research divisions and seven professional schools.", "University of Chicago __knowledge__ Beyond the arts and sciences, Chicago is also well known for its professional schools, which include the Pritzker School of Medicine, the Booth School of Business, the Law School, the School of Social Service Administration, the Harris School of Public Policy Studies, the Divinity School and the Graham School of Continuing Liberal and Professional Studies.", "University of Chicago __knowledge__ The university currently enrolls 5,971 undergraduate students, and 16,016 students overall.", "University of Chicago __knowledge__ University of Chicago scholars have played a major role in the development of many academic disciplines, including sociology, law, economics, literary criticism, religion and the behavioralism school of political science.", "University of Chicago __knowledge__ Chicago's physics department and the Met Lab helped develop the world's first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction (Chicago Pile-1) beneath the viewing stands of university's Stagg Field, a key part of the classified Manhattan Project effort of World War II.", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ The Master of Business Administration (MBA or M.B.A.) is a master's degree in business administration (management).", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ The MBA degree originated in the United States in the early 20th century when the country industrialized and companies sought scientific approaches to management.", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ The core courses in an MBA program cover various areas of business such as accounting, applied statistics, business communication, business ethics, business law, finance, managerial economics, management, marketing and operations in a manner most relevant to management analysis and strategy.", "Master of Business Administration __knowledge__ Most programs also include elective courses and concentrations for further study in a particular area, for example accounting, finance, and marketing.", "Broadcast syndication __knowledge__ Broadcasting syndication is the license to broadcast television programs and radio programs by multiple television stations and radio stations, without going through a broadcast network.", "Broadcast syndication __knowledge__ It is common in the United States where broadcast programming is scheduled by television networks with local independent affiliates.", "Broadcast syndication __knowledge__ Syndication is less of a practice in the rest of the world, as most countries have centralized networks or television stations without local affiliates; although less common, shows can be syndicated internationally.", "Broadcast syndication __knowledge__ The three main types of syndication are \"first-run syndication\", which is programming that is broadcast for the first time as a syndicated show and is made specifically to sell directly into syndication; \"off-network syndication\", which is the licensing of a program that was originally run on network TV or, in some cases, first-run syndication (colloquially called a \"rerun\"); and \"public broadcasting syndication\".", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ A bachelor's degree (from Middle Latin \"baccalaureus\") or baccalaureate (from Modern Latin \"baccalaureatus\") is an undergraduate academic degree awarded by colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study lasting three to seven years (depending on institution and academic discipline).", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ In some institutions and educational systems, some bachelor's degrees can only be taken as graduate or postgraduate degrees after a first degree has been completed.", "Bachelor's degree __knowledge__ In countries with qualifications frameworks, bachelor's degrees are normally one of the major levels in the framework (sometimes two levels where non-honours and honours bachelor's degrees are considered separately), although some qualifications titled bachelor's degrees may be at other levels (e.g.", "Medical school __knowledge__ A medical school is a tertiary educational institution —or part of such an institution— that teaches medicine, and awards a professional degree for physicians and surgeons.", "Medical school __knowledge__ Such medical degrees include the Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS, MBChB, BMBS), Doctor of Medicine (MD), or Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (DO).", "Medical school __knowledge__ Many medical schools offer additional degrees, such as a Doctor of Philosophy, Master's degree, a physician assistant program, or other post-secondary education.", "Medical school __knowledge__ Medical schools can also carry out medical research and operate teaching hospitals.", "Medical school __knowledge__ Around the world, criteria, structure, teaching methodology, and nature of medical programs offered at medical schools vary considerably.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ Television is one of the major mass media of the United States.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ , household ownership of television sets in the country is 96.7%, with approximately 114,200,000 American households owning at least one television set as of August 2013.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ The majority of households have more than one set.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ The peak ownership percentage of households with at least one television set occurred during the 1996–97 season, with 98.4% ownership.", "Television in the United States __knowledge__ As a whole, the television networks that broadcast in the United States are the largest and most distributed in the world, and programs produced specifically for U.S.-based networks are the most widely syndicated internationally.", "American Broadcasting Company __knowledge__ The American Broadcasting Company (ABC) is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of Disney–ABC Television Group, a subsidiary of the Disney Media Networks division of The Walt Disney Company.", "American Broadcasting Company __knowledge__ The network is headquartered on Columbus Avenue and West 66th Street in Manhattan, New York City.", "American Broadcasting Company __knowledge__ There are additional major offices and production facilities elsewhere in New York City, as well as in Los Angeles and Burbank, California.", "American Broadcasting Company __knowledge__ Since 2007, when ABC Radio (also known as Cumulus Media Networks) was sold to Citadel Broadcasting, ABC has reduced its broadcasting operations almost exclusively to television.", "Loyalty program __knowledge__ Loyalty programs are structured marketing strategies designed by merchants to encourage customers to continue to shop at or use the services of businesses associated with each program.", "Loyalty program __knowledge__ These programs exist covering most types of commerce, each one having varying features and rewards-schemes.", "Loyalty program __knowledge__ In marketing generally and in retailing more specifically, a loyalty card, rewards card, points card, advantage card, or club card is a plastic or paper card, visually similar to a credit card, debit card, or digital card that identifies the card holder as a participant in a loyalty program.", "Loyalty program __knowledge__ Loyalty cards (both physical and digital) relate to the loyalty business-model.", "College and university rankings __knowledge__ College and university rankings are rankings of institutions in higher education which have been ranked on the basis of various combinations of various factors.", "College and university rankings __knowledge__ Rankings have most often been conducted by magazines, newspapers, websites, governments, or academics.", "College and university rankings __knowledge__ In addition to ranking entire institutions, organizations perform rankings of specific programs, departments, and schools.", "College and university rankings __knowledge__ Various rankings consider combinations of measures of funding and endowment, research excellence and/or influence, specialization expertise, admissions, student options, award numbers, internationalization, graduate employment, industrial linkage, historical reputation and other criteria.", "New Mexico Lobos men's basketball __knowledge__ The New Mexico Lobos men's basketball team represents the University of New Mexico, competing in the Mountain West Conference (MWC) in NCAA Division I. UNM established basketball as a varsity sport in 1899 and began competing with regional colleges after establishing an athletics department in 1920.", "New Mexico Lobos men's basketball __knowledge__ Lobo basketball first achieved national prominence after Bob King was hired as head coach in 1962.", "New Mexico Lobos men's basketball __knowledge__ King transformed a moribund program into a consistent winner and produced future ABA MVP Mel Daniels.", "New Mexico Lobos men's basketball __knowledge__ The Lobos won the Western Athletic Conference (WAC) championship in 1964 and 1968, making frequent appearances in national rankings.", "Canadian titles debate __knowledge__ The Canadian titles debate has been ongoing since the presentation to the Canadian House of Commons of the Nickle Resolution in 1917.", "Canadian titles debate __knowledge__ This resolution marked the earliest attempt to establish a Canadian government policy requesting the sovereign not to grant knighthoods, baronetcies, and peerages to Canadians and set the precedent for later policies restricting Canadians from accepting titles from foreign countries.", "Canadian titles debate __knowledge__ Dissatisfaction with the British honours system led to the gradual creation of a separate system for Canada.", "Canadian titles debate __knowledge__ The Nickle Resolution was a motion brought forward in 1917 by Conservative M.P.", "Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Three national rankings of universities in the United Kingdom are published annually – by \"The Complete University Guide\", \"The Guardian\" and jointly by \"The Times\" and \"The Sunday Times\".", "Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ Rankings have also been produced in the past by \"The Daily Telegraph and\" \"Financial Times\".", "Rankings of universities in the United Kingdom __knowledge__ The primary aim of the rankings is to inform potential undergraduate applicants about UK universities based on a range of criteria, including entry standards, student satisfaction, staff/student ratio, academic services and facilities expenditure per student, research quality, proportion of Firsts and 2:1s, completion rates and student destinations.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien (born January 11, 1934), known commonly as Jean Chrétien (), is a Canadian politician who served as the 20th Prime Minister of Canada from November 4, 1993, to December 12, 2003.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ Born and raised in Shawinigan, Quebec, Chrétien is a law graduate from Université Laval.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He was first elected to the Canadian House of Commons in 1963.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He served in various cabinet posts under prime minister Pierre Trudeau, most prominently as Minister of Justice, Minister of Finance, and Minister of Indian Affairs and Northern Development.", "Jean Chrétien __knowledge__ He also served as deputy prime minister in John Turner's short-lived government.", "Times Higher Education World University Rankings __knowledge__ Times Higher Education World University Rankings is an annual publication of university rankings by \"Times Higher Education (THE)\" magazine.", "Times Higher Education World University Rankings __knowledge__ The publisher had collaborated with Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) to publish the joint \"THE–QS World University Rankings\" from 2004 to 2009 before it turned to Thomson Reuters for a new ranking system.", "Times Higher Education World University Rankings __knowledge__ The publication now comprises the world's overall, subject, and reputation rankings, alongside three regional league tables, \"Asia\", \"Latin America\", and \"BRICS & Emerging Economies\" which are generated by consistent methodology.", "Times Higher Education World University Rankings __knowledge__ It is considered as one of the most widely observed university measures together with \"Academic Ranking of World Universities\" and \"QS World University Rankings\".", "Big Four (tennis) __knowledge__ In tennis, the term Big Four refers to the quartet of men's singles players comprising Roger Federer, Rafael Nadal, Novak Djokovic, and Andy Murray.", "Big Four (tennis) __knowledge__ These players are considered dominant in terms of ranking and tournament victories, including Grand Slam tournaments and ATP Masters 1000 events, as well as the ATP Finals and Olympic Games, having dominated the sport amongst them from 2004 onwards.", "Big Four (tennis) __knowledge__ Never before in the history of tennis has there been a group of players as dominant as these four.", "Big Four (tennis) __knowledge__ Federer was the first to come to prominence after winning Wimbledon in 2003 and established himself as the world No." ] ]

[ 1, 1, 2, 4 ]

[ "Have you ever been to the University of Chicago? Its a great uni.", "The university of chicago was established in 1890 so almost 130 years.", "Its quite a high quality uni, it holds the top ten in various national rankings.", "Mainly arts and sciences, but its got a medical, law, and business school as well so quite a large pool of choices." ]

[ "University of Chicago", "University of Chicago", "University of Chicago", "University of Chicago" ]

[ "Equestrianism\nhello i do enjoy horseback riding", "i never done any working purposes just ride for fun", "i would like to do trail riding especially event trial riding were you are competing against others", "where i live we do not have organized trail rides so you have to make up your own" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Equestrianism (from Latin equester, equestr-, equus, \"horseman\", \"horse\"), more often known as riding, horse riding (British English) or horseback riding (American English), refers to the skill of riding, driving, steeplechasing or vaulting with horses.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ This broad description includes the use of horses for practical working purposes, transportation, recreational activities, artistic or cultural exercises and competitive sport.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Horses are trained and ridden for practical working purposes such as in police work or for controlling herd animals on a ranch.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ They are also used in competitive sports including, but not limited to, dressage, endurance riding, eventing, reining, show jumping, tent pegging, vaulting, polo, horse racing, driving and rodeo (See additional equestrian sports listed later in this article for more examples).", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Some popular forms of competition are grouped together at horse shows, where horses perform in a wide variety of disciplines.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Horses (and other equids such as mules) are used for non-competitive recreational riding such as fox hunting, trail riding or hacking.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ There is public access to horse trails in almost every part of the world; many parks, ranches and public stables offer both guided and independent riding.", "Horseback riding simulators __knowledge__ Horseback riding simulators are intended to allow people to gain the benefits of therapeutic horseback riding or to gain skill and conditioning for equestrian activity while diminishing the issues of surrounding cost, availability, and individual comfort level around horses.", "Horseback riding simulators __knowledge__ Horseback therapy has been used by many types of therapists (ie: physical, occupational, and speech therapists) to advance their physical, mental, emotional, and social skills.", "Horseback riding simulators __knowledge__ Simulators used for therapeutic purposes can be used anywhere (ie: clinic or a patient home), do not take up much space, and can be programmed to achieve the type of therapy desired.", "The Grier School __knowledge__ Grier School For Girls is an all-girls boarding school founded in 1853 in Tyrone, Pennsylvania near Penn State University.", "The Grier School __knowledge__ Its school symbol is a green and white shield with a pine tree.", "The Grier School __knowledge__ The school is located in the heart of the Appalachian Mountains map and currently enrolls students in grades 7 to 12.", "The Grier School __knowledge__ Currently, the school enrolls 315 students from 30 states and 16 foreign countries.", "The Grier School __knowledge__ The annual tuition is $51,700 (current for the 2016-2017 school year).", "The Grier School __knowledge__ The school motto is \"Sana Mens In Corpore Sana\", meaning \"Sound Mind in a Sound Body.\"", "The Grier School __knowledge__ Grier offers a very competitive college preparatory academic program.", "Equine-assisted therapy __knowledge__ Equine-assisted therapy (EAT) encompasses a range of treatments that involve activities with horses and other equines to promote human physical and mental health.", "Equine-assisted therapy __knowledge__ The use of EAT has roots in antiquity, and EAT applies to physical health issues in modern form dates to the 1960s.", "Equine-assisted therapy __knowledge__ Modern of horses for mental health treatment dates to the 1990s.", "Equine-assisted therapy __knowledge__ Systematic review of studies of EAT as applied to physical health date only to about 2007, and a lack of common terminology and standardization has caused problems with meta-analysis.", "Equine-assisted therapy __knowledge__ Due to a lack of high-quality studies assessing the efficacy of equine-assisted therapies for mental health treatment, concerns have been raised that these therapies should not replace or divert resources from other evidence-based mental health therapies.", "Christoval, Texas __knowledge__ Christoval is a census-designated place (CDP) in Tom Green County, Texas, United States.", "Christoval, Texas __knowledge__ The population was 504 at the 2010 census.", "Christoval, Texas __knowledge__ It is part of the San Angelo, Texas Metropolitan Statistical Area.", "Christoval, Texas __knowledge__ Christoval is located at (31.197614, -100.493296).", "Christoval, Texas __knowledge__ It is situated about 20 miles south of San Angelo in southern Tom Green County around the area of Loop 110, U.S. Highway 277, and RM 2084.", "Christoval, Texas __knowledge__ According to the United States Census Bureau in 2000, the CDP has a total area of 1.2 square miles (3.1 km²), all land.", "Christoval, Texas __knowledge__ Prior to the 2010 census, the CDP gained area, increasing to a total area of , all land.", "Christoval, Texas __knowledge__ The South Concho River runs through Christoval, and serves as a water supply to the surrounding area.", "Domestication of the horse __knowledge__ A number of hypotheses exist on many of the key issues regarding the domestication of the horse.", "Domestication of the horse __knowledge__ Although horses appeared in Paleolithic cave art as early as 30,000 BCE, these were wild horses and were probably hunted for meat.", "Domestication of the horse __knowledge__ How and when horses became domesticated is disputed.", "Domestication of the horse __knowledge__ The clearest evidence of early use of the horse as a means of transport is from chariot burials dated c. 2000 BCE.", "Domestication of the horse __knowledge__ However, an increasing amount of evidence supports the hypothesis that horses were domesticated in the Eurasian Steppes approximately 3500 BCE; recent discoveries in the context of the Botai culture suggest that Botai settlements in the Akmola Province of Kazakhstan are the location of the earliest domestication of the horse.", "The Horse, the Wheel, and Language __knowledge__ The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World is a 2007 book by David W. Anthony, in which the author describes his \"Revised Steppe Theory.\"", "The Horse, the Wheel, and Language __knowledge__ He explores the origins and spread of the Indo-European languages from the Pontic-Caspian steppes throughout Western Europe, and Central and South Asia.", "The Horse, the Wheel, and Language __knowledge__ He shows how the domesticated horse and the invention of the wheel mobilized the steppe herding societies in the Eurasian Grass-Steppe, and combined with the introduction of bronze technology and new social structures of patron-client relationships gave an advantage to the Indo-European societies." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Equestrianism (from Latin equester, equestr-, equus, \"horseman\", \"horse\"), more often known as riding, horse riding (British English) or horseback riding (American English), refers to the skill of riding, driving, steeplechasing or vaulting with horses.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ This broad description includes the use of horses for practical working purposes, transportation, recreational activities, artistic or cultural exercises and competitive sport.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Horses are trained and ridden for practical working purposes such as in police work or for controlling herd animals on a ranch.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ They are also used in competitive sports including, but not limited to, dressage, endurance riding, eventing, reining, show jumping, tent pegging, vaulting, polo, horse racing, driving and rodeo (See additional equestrian sports listed later in this article for more examples).", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Some popular forms of competition are grouped together at horse shows, where horses perform in a wide variety of disciplines.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Horses (and other equids such as mules) are used for non-competitive recreational riding such as fox hunting, trail riding or hacking.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ There is public access to horse trails in almost every part of the world; many parks, ranches and public stables offer both guided and independent riding.", "Horse __knowledge__ The horse (\"Equus ferus caballus\") is one of two extant subspecies of \"Equus ferus\".", "Horse __knowledge__ It is an odd-toed ungulate mammal belonging to the taxonomic family Equidae.", "Horse __knowledge__ The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, \"Eohippus\", into the large, single-toed animal of today.", "Horse __knowledge__ Humans began to domesticate horses around 4000 BC, and their domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BC.", "Horse __knowledge__ Horses in the subspecies \"caballus\" are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as feral horses.", "Horse __knowledge__ These feral populations are not true wild horses, as this term is used to describe horses that have never been domesticated, such as the endangered Przewalski's horse, a separate subspecies, and the only remaining true wild horse.", "Double bridle __knowledge__ A double bridle, also called a full bridle or Weymouth bridle, is a bridle that has two bits and four reins (sometimes called \"double reins\").", "Double bridle __knowledge__ One bit is the \"bradoon\" (or \"bridoon\"), is a modified snaffle bit that is smaller in diameter and has smaller bit rings than a traditional snaffle, and it is adjusted so that it sits above and behind the other bit, a curb bit.", "Double bridle __knowledge__ Another term for this combination of curb and snaffle bit is a \"bit and bradoon,\" where the word \"bit\" in this particular context refers to the curb.", "Double bridle __knowledge__ Double bridles are most commonly associated with dressage and certain horse show classes where formal tack, attire and turnout is standard.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) is an American media franchise and shared universe that is centered on a series of superhero films, independently produced by Marvel Studios and based on characters that appear in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The franchise has expanded to include comic books, short films, television series, and digital series.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ The shared universe, much like the original Marvel Universe in comic books, was established by crossing over common plot elements, settings, cast, and characters.", "Marvel Cinematic Universe __knowledge__ Phil Coulson, portrayed by Clark Gregg, is an original character to the MCU and the only character to appear across all the different media of the MCU.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ Paz, also known as The Paz Show or Paz the Penguin, is an animated television series that debuted on February 24, 2003 on Discovery Kids and TLC in the United States.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ It also aired on Treehouse TV in Canada, and on ITV in the United Kingdom.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ The show was produced by Telescreen BV, Egmont Imagination, King Rollo Films, Open Mind Productions, and Discovery Kids.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ The series was based on a series of books written and illustrated by Mary Murphy.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ 1.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ THE RIGHT MOVES: Pig teaches a dance class with surprising results.", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ Sometimes mistakes are the best part!", "The Paz Show __knowledge__ At first, Pig worries that she is a bad dance teacher.", "History of Hersheypark __knowledge__ The history of Hersheypark begins with the founding of the town of Hershey in 1903.", "History of Hersheypark __knowledge__ The owner of the Hershey Chocolate Company surveyed a nearby area of land, which was to become a leisure park for the employees of his chocolate company.", "History of Hersheypark __knowledge__ People began visiting the grounds of the future park in 1904 and 1905, while the park's first pavilion was built in the fall of 1905.", "History of Hersheypark __knowledge__ The park was formally opened on May 30, 1906, when the park opened as Hershey Park.", "History of Hersheypark __knowledge__ The park slowly added rides until 1923, when the first roller coaster, Wild Cat, was built.", "History of Hersheypark __knowledge__ From then on, rides were regularly added, except during World War II.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ This list of \"Berenstain Bears\" books includes many in the picture book series (such as \"Beginner Books\" and \"First Time Books\") and the illustrated children's novels, such as those in the \"Big Chapter Books\" series.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ Since the first \"Berenstain Bears\" installment was published in 1962, the series has sold close to 260 million copies.", "List of Berenstain Bears books __knowledge__ In addition to writing children's literature, the authors Stan and Jan Berenstain also wrote two parenting books, \"What Your Parents Never Told You About Being a Mom or Dad\" (1995) and \"The Berenstain Bears and the Bear Essentials\" (2005), as well as their autobiography, \"Down a Sunny Dirt Road\" (2002).", "Cowboy __knowledge__ A cowboy is an animal herder who tends cattle on ranches in North America, traditionally on horseback, and often performs a multitude of other ranch-related tasks.", "Cowboy __knowledge__ The historic American cowboy of the late 19th century arose from the \"vaquero\" traditions of northern Mexico and became a figure of special significance and legend.", "Cowboy __knowledge__ A subtype, called a wrangler, specifically tends the horses used to work cattle.", "Cowboy __knowledge__ In addition to ranch work, some cowboys work for or participate in rodeos.", "Cowboy __knowledge__ Cowgirls, first defined as such in the late 19th century, had a less-well documented historical role, but in the modern world have established the ability to work at virtually identical tasks and obtained considerable respect for their achievements.", "Horse culture in Mongolia __knowledge__ Horses play a large role in the daily and national life of the Mongols; it is traditionally said that \"A Mongol without a horse is like a bird without the wings.\"", "Horse culture in Mongolia __knowledge__ Elizabeth Kendall, who travelled through Mongolia in 1911, observed, \"To appreciate the Mongol you must see him on horseback,—and indeed you rarely see him otherwise, for he does not put foot to ground if he can help it.", "Horse culture in Mongolia __knowledge__ The Mongol without his pony is only half a Mongol, but with his pony he is as good as two men.", "Horse culture in Mongolia __knowledge__ It is a fine sight to see him tearing over the plain, loose bridle, easy seat, much like the Western cowboy, but with less sprawl.\"", "Arabian horse __knowledge__ The Arabian or Arab horse ( , DMG \"ḥiṣān ʿarabī\") is a breed of horse that originated on the Arabian Peninsula.", "Arabian horse __knowledge__ With a distinctive head shape and high tail carriage, the Arabian is one of the most easily recognizable horse breeds in the world.", "Arabian horse __knowledge__ It is also one of the oldest breeds, with archaeological evidence of horses in the Middle East that resemble modern Arabians dating back 4,500 years.", "Arabian horse __knowledge__ Throughout history, Arabian horses have spread around the world by both war and trade, used to improve other breeds by adding speed, refinement, endurance, and strong bone.", "Arabian horse __knowledge__ Today, Arabian bloodlines are found in almost every modern breed of riding horse.", "The Phantom Stallion __knowledge__ The Phantom Stallion books, first published in 2002 by Avon Books, are a series written for young adult readers by American Terri Farley.", "The Phantom Stallion __knowledge__ The main character is a girl named Samantha \"Sam\" Forster who shares a unique bond with a wild horse called The Phantom Stallion.", "The Phantom Stallion __knowledge__ Having spent two years away from her family's Las Vegas, Nevada ranch to recover from a riding accident, Sam returns home to find that things are never easy where horses are concerned.", "The Phantom Stallion __knowledge__ There are 24 books in the series with one million copies sold worldwide.", "The Phantom Stallion __knowledge__ Almost every book has a new equine character as its focus and Sam and her friends battle horse thieves, cougars, earthquakes and more to keep their horses safe.", "Stallion __knowledge__ A stallion is a male horse that has not been gelded (castrated).", "Stallion __knowledge__ Stallions follow the conformation and phenotype of their breed, but within that standard, the presence of hormones such as testosterone may give stallions a thicker, \"cresty\" neck, as well as a somewhat more muscular physique as compared to female horses, known as mares, and castrated males, called geldings.", "Stallion __knowledge__ Temperament varies widely based on genetics, and training, but because of their instincts as herd animals, they may be prone to aggressive behavior, particularly toward other stallions, and thus require careful management by knowledgeable handlers." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Equestrianism (from Latin equester, equestr-, equus, \"horseman\", \"horse\"), more often known as riding, horse riding (British English) or horseback riding (American English), refers to the skill of riding, driving, steeplechasing or vaulting with horses.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ This broad description includes the use of horses for practical working purposes, transportation, recreational activities, artistic or cultural exercises and competitive sport.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Horses are trained and ridden for practical working purposes such as in police work or for controlling herd animals on a ranch.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ They are also used in competitive sports including, but not limited to, dressage, endurance riding, eventing, reining, show jumping, tent pegging, vaulting, polo, horse racing, driving and rodeo (See additional equestrian sports listed later in this article for more examples).", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Some popular forms of competition are grouped together at horse shows, where horses perform in a wide variety of disciplines.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Horses (and other equids such as mules) are used for non-competitive recreational riding such as fox hunting, trail riding or hacking.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ There is public access to horse trails in almost every part of the world; many parks, ranches and public stables offer both guided and independent riding.", "Trail riding __knowledge__ Trail riding is riding outdoors on trails, bridle paths, and forest roads, but not on roads regularly used by motorised traffic.", "Trail riding __knowledge__ A trail ride can be of any length, including a long distance, multi-day trip.", "Trail riding __knowledge__ It originated with horse riding, and in North America, the equestrian form is usually called \"trail riding,\" or, less often \"hacking.\"", "Trail riding __knowledge__ In the UK and Europe, the practice is usually called horse or pony trekking.", "Trail riding __knowledge__ The modern term also encompasses mountain biking, mixed terrain cycle-touring, and the use of motorcycles and other motorized all-terrain vehicles.", "Trail riding __knowledge__ It may be informal activities of an individual or small group, or larger events organized by a club.", "Kundat Djaru Community __knowledge__ Kundat Djaru is a medium-sized Aboriginal community, located 170 km south east of Halls Creek in the Kimberley Region of Western Australia, within the Shire of Halls Creek.", "Kundat Djaru Community __knowledge__ The Kundat Djaru community consists of people displaced from the surrounding pastoral leases in 1967.", "Kundat Djaru Community __knowledge__ These people were evicted from Gordon Downs Station between 1978 and 1981.", "Kundat Djaru Community __knowledge__ The people then camped in Halls Creek and were given State Government assistance to move to Kundat Djaru which was made a permanent reserve in 1982.", "Kundat Djaru Community __knowledge__ Population is nomadic but 160 people call Kundat Djaru home.", "Kundat Djaru Community __knowledge__ The community is located within the Determined Tjurabalan People (WAD160/97) Native Title claim area.", "Competitive trail riding __knowledge__ Competitive trail riding (CTR) is an equestrian sport where riders cover a marked trail for a distance that is usually between 15 and 40 miles per day.", "Competitive trail riding __knowledge__ Some rides are only one day long, others may run as long as three days.", "Competitive trail riding __knowledge__ One-day six-mile events have also become popular.", "Competitive trail riding __knowledge__ The goal of the competition is to demonstrate partnership between horse and rider.", "Competitive trail riding __knowledge__ Unlike in endurance riding, factors other than speed are considered.", "Competitive trail riding __knowledge__ If the ride is timed, it is a form of pace race; otherwise it is a judged trail ride.", "Competitive trail riding __knowledge__ In a timed ride, horses may not come in under or over a certain time, and veterinary checks, rider behavior and other elements play a role in the placings.", "Mountain biking __knowledge__ Mountain biking is the sport of riding bicycles off-road, often over rough terrain, using specially designed mountain bikes.", "Mountain biking __knowledge__ Mountain bikes share similarities with other bikes but incorporate features designed to enhance durability and performance in rough terrain.", "Mountain biking __knowledge__ Mountain biking can generally be broken down into multiple categories: cross country, trail riding, all mountain (also referred to as \"Enduro\"), downhill, freeride and dirt jumping.", "Mountain biking __knowledge__ However, the majority of mountain biking falls into the categories of Trail and Cross Country riding styles.", "Mountain biking __knowledge__ The sport requires endurance, core strength and balance, bike handling skills, and self-reliance.", "Equestrian helmet __knowledge__ An equestrian helmet is a form of protective headgear worn when riding horses.", "Equestrian helmet __knowledge__ This type of helmet is specially designed to protect the rider’s head during falls off a horse, especially from striking a hard object while falling or being accidentally struck in the head by a horse’s hoof.", "Equestrian helmet __knowledge__ Certified helmets are required headgear for many competitive riding events, particularly where horse and rider must jump or work at high speed.", "Equestrian helmet __knowledge__ Helmets are worn more often by English-style riders and are gaining acceptance as required headgear for children.", "Equestrian helmet __knowledge__ They are also widely accepted in fields such as horse racing, eventing or show jumping.", "Bitless bridle __knowledge__ A bitless bridle is a general term describing a wide range of headgear for horses or other animals that controls the animal without using a bit.", "Bitless bridle __knowledge__ Direction control may also be via a noseband or cavesson, if one is used.", "Bitless bridle __knowledge__ The term hackamore is the most historically accurate word for most common forms of bitless headgear.", "Bitless bridle __knowledge__ However, some modern bitless designs of horse headgear lack the heavy noseband of a true hackamore and instead use straps that tighten around a horse's head to apply pressure in various ways.", "Bitless bridle __knowledge__ These are often specifically patented and marketed as \"bitless bridles,\" usually referencing a particular type of headgear known as the cross-under, though other designs are sometimes also given similar names.", "Endurance riding __knowledge__ Endurance riding is an equestrian sport based on controlled long-distance races.", "Endurance riding __knowledge__ It is one of the international competitions recognized by the FEI.", "Endurance riding __knowledge__ There are endurance rides worldwide.", "Endurance riding __knowledge__ There are two main types of long-distance riding, competitive trail riding and endurance rides.", "Endurance riding __knowledge__ In an endurance ride, discussed in this article, the winning horse is the first one to cross the finish line while stopping periodically to pass a veterinary check that deems the animal in good health and fit to continue.", "Endurance riding __knowledge__ In the United States, most endurance rides are either 50 or long.", "Endurance riding __knowledge__ Shorter rides, called Limited Distance rides (LD), are organized for new riders to the sport or young horses being trained.", "Fox hunting __knowledge__ Fox hunting is an activity involving the tracking, chase and, if caught, the killing of a fox, traditionally a red fox, by trained foxhounds or other scent hounds, and a group of unarmed followers led by a \"master of foxhounds\" (\"master of hounds\"), who follow the hounds on foot or on horseback.", "Fox hunting __knowledge__ Fox hunting with hounds, as a formalised activity, originated in England in the sixteenth century, in a form very similar to that practised until February 2005, when a law banning the activity in England and Wales came into force.", "Fox hunting __knowledge__ A ban on hunting in Scotland had been passed in 2002, but it continues to be within the law in Northern Ireland and several other countries, including Australia, Canada, France, Ireland, Italy, and the United States.", "Horse __knowledge__ The horse (\"Equus ferus caballus\") is one of two extant subspecies of \"Equus ferus\".", "Horse __knowledge__ It is an odd-toed ungulate mammal belonging to the taxonomic family Equidae.", "Horse __knowledge__ The horse has evolved over the past 45 to 55 million years from a small multi-toed creature, \"Eohippus\", into the large, single-toed animal of today.", "Horse __knowledge__ Humans began to domesticate horses around 4000 BC, and their domestication is believed to have been widespread by 3000 BC.", "Horse __knowledge__ Horses in the subspecies \"caballus\" are domesticated, although some domesticated populations live in the wild as feral horses.", "Horse __knowledge__ These feral populations are not true wild horses, as this term is used to describe horses that have never been domesticated, such as the endangered Przewalski's horse, a separate subspecies, and the only remaining true wild horse.", "Finnhorse __knowledge__ The Finnhorse or Finnish Horse (, literally \"horse of Finland\"; nickname: \"Suokki\", or , literally \"finnish cold-blood\") is a horse breed with both riding horse and draught horse influences and characteristics, and is the only breed developed fully in Finland.", "Finnhorse __knowledge__ In English it is sometimes called the Finnish Universal, as the Finns consider the breed capable of fulfilling all of Finland's horse needs, including agricultural and forestry work, harness racing, and riding.", "Finnhorse __knowledge__ In 2007, the breed was declared the official national horse breed of Finland.", "Finnhorse __knowledge__ The Finnhorse is claimed to be among the fastest and most versatile \"coldblood\" breeds in the world.", "Arabian horse __knowledge__ The Arabian or Arab horse ( , DMG \"ḥiṣān ʿarabī\") is a breed of horse that originated on the Arabian Peninsula.", "Arabian horse __knowledge__ With a distinctive head shape and high tail carriage, the Arabian is one of the most easily recognizable horse breeds in the world.", "Arabian horse __knowledge__ It is also one of the oldest breeds, with archaeological evidence of horses in the Middle East that resemble modern Arabians dating back 4,500 years.", "Arabian horse __knowledge__ Throughout history, Arabian horses have spread around the world by both war and trade, used to improve other breeds by adding speed, refinement, endurance, and strong bone.", "Arabian horse __knowledge__ Today, Arabian bloodlines are found in almost every modern breed of riding horse." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Equestrianism (from Latin equester, equestr-, equus, \"horseman\", \"horse\"), more often known as riding, horse riding (British English) or horseback riding (American English), refers to the skill of riding, driving, steeplechasing or vaulting with horses.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ This broad description includes the use of horses for practical working purposes, transportation, recreational activities, artistic or cultural exercises and competitive sport.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Horses are trained and ridden for practical working purposes such as in police work or for controlling herd animals on a ranch.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ They are also used in competitive sports including, but not limited to, dressage, endurance riding, eventing, reining, show jumping, tent pegging, vaulting, polo, horse racing, driving and rodeo (See additional equestrian sports listed later in this article for more examples).", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Some popular forms of competition are grouped together at horse shows, where horses perform in a wide variety of disciplines.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ Horses (and other equids such as mules) are used for non-competitive recreational riding such as fox hunting, trail riding or hacking.", "Equestrianism __knowledge__ There is public access to horse trails in almost every part of the world; many parks, ranches and public stables offer both guided and independent riding.", "Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo __knowledge__ The Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo, also called RodeoHouston or abbreviated HLSR, is the largest livestock exhibitions and rodeo in the world.", "Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo __knowledge__ It also includes one of the richest regular-season rodeo events.", "Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo __knowledge__ It has been held at NRG Stadium in Houston, Texas, since 2003.", "Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo __knowledge__ It was previously held in the Astrodome.", "Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo __knowledge__ It is considered to be the city's \"signature event\", much like New Orleans's Mardi Gras, Dallas's Texas State Fair, San Diego's Comic-Con and New York City's New Year's Eve at Times Square.", "Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo __knowledge__ In 2017, attendance reached a record high of 2,611,176 people and 33,000 volunteers.", "Houston Livestock Show and Rodeo __knowledge__ In 2007, the rodeo was deemed \"the year of the volunteer.\"", "Competitive trail riding __knowledge__ Competitive trail riding (CTR) is an equestrian sport where riders cover a marked trail for a distance that is usually between 15 and 40 miles per day.", "Competitive trail riding __knowledge__ Some rides are only one day long, others may run as long as three days.", "Competitive trail riding __knowledge__ One-day six-mile events have also become popular.", "Competitive trail riding __knowledge__ The goal of the competition is to demonstrate partnership between horse and rider.", "Competitive trail riding __knowledge__ Unlike in endurance riding, factors other than speed are considered.", "Competitive trail riding __knowledge__ If the ride is timed, it is a form of pace race; otherwise it is a judged trail ride.", "Competitive trail riding __knowledge__ In a timed ride, horses may not come in under or over a certain time, and veterinary checks, rider behavior and other elements play a role in the placings.", "Horse racing __knowledge__ Horse racing is an equestrian performance sport, typically involving two or more horses ridden by jockeys or driven over a set distance for competition.", "Horse racing __knowledge__ It is one of the most ancient of all sports and its basic premise – to identify which of two or more horses is the fastest over a set course or distance – has remained unchanged since the earliest times.", "Horse racing __knowledge__ Horse races vary widely in format.", "Horse racing __knowledge__ Often, countries have developed their own particular horse racing traditions.", "Horse racing __knowledge__ Variations include restricting races to particular breeds, running over obstacles, running over different distances, running on different track surfaces and running in different gaits.", "Horse racing in the United States __knowledge__ Horse racing in the United States dates back to 1665, which saw the establishment of the Newmarket course in Salisbury, New York, a section of what is now known as the Hempstead Plains of Long Island, New York.", "Horse racing in the United States __knowledge__ This first racing meet in North America was supervised by New York's colonial governor, Richard Nicolls.", "Horse racing in the United States __knowledge__ The area is now occupied by the present Nassau County, New York, region of Greater Westbury and East Garden City.", "Horse racing in the United States __knowledge__ Horse racing remains a popular sport throughout the United States.", "Horse racing in the United States __knowledge__ In 1665, the first racetrack was constructed on Long Island.", "Horse racing in the United States __knowledge__ It is the oldest Thoroughbred race in North America.", "Trail riding __knowledge__ Trail riding is riding outdoors on trails, bridle paths, and forest roads, but not on roads regularly used by motorised traffic.", "Trail riding __knowledge__ A trail ride can be of any length, including a long distance, multi-day trip.", "Trail riding __knowledge__ It originated with horse riding, and in North America, the equestrian form is usually called \"trail riding,\" or, less often \"hacking.\"", "Trail riding __knowledge__ In the UK and Europe, the practice is usually called horse or pony trekking.", "Trail riding __knowledge__ The modern term also encompasses mountain biking, mixed terrain cycle-touring, and the use of motorcycles and other motorized all-terrain vehicles.", "Trail riding __knowledge__ It may be informal activities of an individual or small group, or larger events organized by a club.", "Paiute ATV Trail __knowledge__ The Paiute ATV Trail is a public all-terrain vehicle trail system that is located in Central Utah.", "Paiute ATV Trail __knowledge__ It is managed by the Fishlake National Forest and the Richfield District of the Bureau of Land Management.", "Paiute ATV Trail __knowledge__ The Paiute Trail has over 2000 miles of primary and designated side trails.", "Paiute ATV Trail __knowledge__ The main loop of the trail is approximately 240 miles long and covers four counties, Piute County, Beaver County, Sevier County, and Millard County in Utah.", "Paiute ATV Trail __knowledge__ The Paiute Trail has trail heads in Marysvale, Circleville, Junction, Koosharem, Antimony, Angle, Monroe, Richfield, Joseph, Aurora, Salina, Annabella, Elsinore, Fillmore, and Kanosh.", "Kickapoo State Recreation Area __knowledge__ Kickapoo State Recreation Area is an Illinois state park on in Vermilion County, Illinois, United States.", "Kickapoo State Recreation Area __knowledge__ Located just outside Danville, Illinois, this park is easily accessible through route I-74.", "Kickapoo State Recreation Area __knowledge__ It is away from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and from Indianapolis.", "Kickapoo State Recreation Area __knowledge__ According to the Illinois Department of Natural Resources, the name Kickapoo originated from the Kickapoo village that once existed near the junction of the Salt Fork and Middle Fork branches of the Vermilion River.", "Kickapoo State Recreation Area __knowledge__ After Europeans settled in the area and displaced the Native Americans, the Europeans began to dig wells to harvest salt from salt springs, called salines.", "Endurance riding __knowledge__ Endurance riding is an equestrian sport based on controlled long-distance races.", "Endurance riding __knowledge__ It is one of the international competitions recognized by the FEI.", "Endurance riding __knowledge__ There are endurance rides worldwide.", "Endurance riding __knowledge__ There are two main types of long-distance riding, competitive trail riding and endurance rides.", "Endurance riding __knowledge__ In an endurance ride, discussed in this article, the winning horse is the first one to cross the finish line while stopping periodically to pass a veterinary check that deems the animal in good health and fit to continue.", "Endurance riding __knowledge__ In the United States, most endurance rides are either 50 or long.", "Endurance riding __knowledge__ Shorter rides, called Limited Distance rides (LD), are organized for new riders to the sport or young horses being trained.", "Trail __knowledge__ A trail is usually a path, track or unpaved lane or road.", "Trail __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland path or footpath is the preferred term for a walking trail.", "Trail __knowledge__ The term is also applied, in North America, to routes along rivers, and sometimes to highways.", "Trail __knowledge__ In the US, the term was historically used for a route into or through wild territory used by emigrants (e.g.", "Trail __knowledge__ the Oregon Trail).", "Trail __knowledge__ Some trails are single use and can only be used for walking, cycling, horse riding, snowshoeing, and cross-country skiing; others, as in the case of a bridleway in the UK, are multi-use, and can be used by walkers, cyclists and equestrians.", "Mountain biking __knowledge__ Mountain biking is the sport of riding bicycles off-road, often over rough terrain, using specially designed mountain bikes.", "Mountain biking __knowledge__ Mountain bikes share similarities with other bikes but incorporate features designed to enhance durability and performance in rough terrain.", "Mountain biking __knowledge__ Mountain biking can generally be broken down into multiple categories: cross country, trail riding, all mountain (also referred to as \"Enduro\"), downhill, freeride and dirt jumping.", "Mountain biking __knowledge__ However, the majority of mountain biking falls into the categories of Trail and Cross Country riding styles.", "Mountain biking __knowledge__ The sport requires endurance, core strength and balance, bike handling skills, and self-reliance.", "California Trail __knowledge__ The California Trail was an emigrant trail of about across the western half of the North American continent from Missouri River towns to what is now the state of California.", "California Trail __knowledge__ After it was established, the first half of the California Trail followed the same corridor of networked river valley trails as the Oregon Trail and the Mormon Trail, namely the valleys of the Platte, North Platte and Sweetwater rivers to Wyoming.", "California Trail __knowledge__ In the present states of Wyoming, Idaho, and Utah, the California and Oregon trails split into several different trails or cutoffs.", "California Trail __knowledge__ By 1847, two former fur trading frontier forts marked trailheads for major alternative routes through Utah and Wyoming to Northern California.", "Transit pass __knowledge__ A transit pass (North American English) or travel card (British English), often referred to as a bus pass or train pass etc.", "Transit pass __knowledge__ (in all kinds of English), is a ticket that allows a passenger of the service to take either a certain number of pre-purchased trips or unlimited trips within a fixed period of time.", "Transit pass __knowledge__ Depending on the transport network and on how much the pass is used, the pass may offer varying discounts compared with trips that are purchased individually.", "Transit pass __knowledge__ While transit passes can generally be purchased at full price by anyone wishing to use the services (senior citizens, the disabled, students and some others are often able to get them at a reduced price) many employers, colleges, and universities will subsidize the cost of them, or sometimes the full amount." ] ]

[ 3, 6, 9, 36 ]

[ "Me too! I am a professional equestrian, I ride horses for practical working purposes in police work and I also help herd animals on a ranch.", "I know that a lot of horses are used for non-competitive recreational riding such as fox hunting, trail riding or hacking which seems like a lot of fun.", "I just love trail riding, A single ride can be a very a long distance on some days and are often multi-day trips.", "I myself usually ride the popular trails in the UK and Europe, In Europe they call it pony trekking." ]

[ "Equestrianism", "Equestrianism", "Equestrianism", "Equestrianism" ]

[ "Blue\nMy favorite color is blue.", "I did not know that. i'm glad my favorite color is a primary.", "No one likes green. Purple is much better than green.", "I thought red may have been one, crazy that green is one." ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America.", "Pink __knowledge__ Pink is a pale red color that is named after a flower of the same name.", "Pink __knowledge__ It was first used as a color name in the late 17th century.", "Pink __knowledge__ According to surveys in Europe and the United States, pink is the color most often associated with charm, politeness, sensitivity, tenderness, sweetness, childhood, femininity and the romantic.", "Pink __knowledge__ It is associated with chastity and innocence when combined with white, but associated with eroticism and seduction when combined with purple or black.", "Pink __knowledge__ The color pink is named after the flowers, pinks, flowering plants in the genus \"Dianthus,\" and derives from the frilled edge of the flowers.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Color psychology is the study of hues as a determinant of human behavior.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Color influences perceptions that are not obvious, such as the taste of food.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Colours can also enhance the effectiveness of placebos.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ For example, red or orange pills are generally used as stimulants.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Colour can indeed influence a person; however, it is important to remember that these effects differ between people.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Factors such as gender, age, and culture can influence how an individual perceives color.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ For instance, heterosexual men tend to report that red outfits enhance female attractiveness, while heterosexual females deny any outfit color impacting that of men.", "List of The Saddle Club characters __knowledge__ Carole is a bright African American girl with a natural riding ability.", "List of The Saddle Club characters __knowledge__ She became devastated when her mother died of cancer, and when Cobalt died, she almost gave up riding.", "List of The Saddle Club characters __knowledge__ But her father, U.S. Marine Colonel Mitch Hanson, reminded Carole that her mother would have wanted her to follow her passion.", "List of The Saddle Club characters __knowledge__ With money left by her mother, she bought a buckskin gelding, Starlight.", "List of The Saddle Club characters __knowledge__ Carole knows her future lies with horses, but there are many paths to follow and she does not know which road to take.", "List of The Saddle Club characters __knowledge__ Her grades are high enough for her to become a veterinarian but she would also love to breed and train Thoroughbreds.", "Grey __knowledge__ Grey (British English) or gray (American English; see spelling differences) is an intermediate color between black and white.", "Grey __knowledge__ It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is a color \"without color.\"", "Grey __knowledge__ It is the color of a cloud-covered sky, of ash and of lead.", "Grey __knowledge__ The first recorded use of \"grey\" as a color name in the English language was in AD 700.", "Grey __knowledge__ \"Grey\" is the dominant spelling in European and Commonwealth English, although \"gray\" remained in common usage in the UK until the second half of the 20th century.", "Grey __knowledge__ \"Gray\" has been the preferred American spelling since approximately 1825, although \"grey\" is an accepted variant.", "Brown __knowledge__ Brown is a composite color.", "Brown __knowledge__ In the CMYK color model used in printing or painting, brown is made by combining red, black, and yellow, or red, yellow, and blue.", "Brown __knowledge__ In the RGB color model used to project colors onto television screens and computer monitors, brown is made by combining red and green, in specific proportions.", "Brown __knowledge__ The brown color is seen widely in nature, in wood, soil, human hair color, eye color and skin pigmentation.", "Brown __knowledge__ Brown is the color of dark wood or rich soil.", "Brown __knowledge__ According to public opinion surveys in Europe and the United States, brown is the least favorite color of the public; the color is most often associated with plainness, the rustic, feces, and poverty.", "Diva Starz __knowledge__ Diva Starz was a series of fashion dolls created and released by Mattel during the Christmas shopping season of 2000.", "Diva Starz __knowledge__ They are similar in design to the MGA Entertainment Bratz dolls released in 2001, and the Flavas dolls released by Mattel in 2003.", "Diva Starz __knowledge__ Original four dolls, Alexa, Nikki, Summer, and Tia (Summer was later replaced by Miranda) were offered in the original debut.", "Diva Starz __knowledge__ The line was discontinued in 2004.", "Diva Starz __knowledge__ Each doll is approximately tall, with plastic clothing and combable hair.", "Diva Starz __knowledge__ The owner can change the doll's outfits by snapping on different pieces of clothing.", "Diva Starz __knowledge__ By using small metal contacts in the clothing and on the body, the doll \"knows\" which garment it is wearing, and will respond accordingly.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ Mattel's fashion doll franchise \"Monster High\" features a variety of fictional characters, many of whom are students at the titular high school.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ The female characters are classified as Ghouls and the male characters are classified as Mansters.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ The characters are generally the sons and daughters, or related to monsters that have been popularized in fiction.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ The franchise's official website identifies six of the characters as Original Ghouls.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ In addition to the listed Ghouls and Mansters, there are other characters who have been introduced in the franchise's related media including the web/video and book series." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Color psychology is the study of hues as a determinant of human behavior.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Color influences perceptions that are not obvious, such as the taste of food.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Colours can also enhance the effectiveness of placebos.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ For example, red or orange pills are generally used as stimulants.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Colour can indeed influence a person; however, it is important to remember that these effects differ between people.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Factors such as gender, age, and culture can influence how an individual perceives color.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ For instance, heterosexual men tend to report that red outfits enhance female attractiveness, while heterosexual females deny any outfit color impacting that of men.", "Pink __knowledge__ Pink is a pale red color that is named after a flower of the same name.", "Pink __knowledge__ It was first used as a color name in the late 17th century.", "Pink __knowledge__ According to surveys in Europe and the United States, pink is the color most often associated with charm, politeness, sensitivity, tenderness, sweetness, childhood, femininity and the romantic.", "Pink __knowledge__ It is associated with chastity and innocence when combined with white, but associated with eroticism and seduction when combined with purple or black.", "Pink __knowledge__ The color pink is named after the flowers, pinks, flowering plants in the genus \"Dianthus,\" and derives from the frilled edge of the flowers.", "List of The Saddle Club characters __knowledge__ Carole is a bright African American girl with a natural riding ability.", "List of The Saddle Club characters __knowledge__ She became devastated when her mother died of cancer, and when Cobalt died, she almost gave up riding.", "List of The Saddle Club characters __knowledge__ But her father, U.S. Marine Colonel Mitch Hanson, reminded Carole that her mother would have wanted her to follow her passion.", "List of The Saddle Club characters __knowledge__ With money left by her mother, she bought a buckskin gelding, Starlight.", "List of The Saddle Club characters __knowledge__ Carole knows her future lies with horses, but there are many paths to follow and she does not know which road to take.", "List of The Saddle Club characters __knowledge__ Her grades are high enough for her to become a veterinarian but she would also love to breed and train Thoroughbreds.", "Brown __knowledge__ Brown is a composite color.", "Brown __knowledge__ In the CMYK color model used in printing or painting, brown is made by combining red, black, and yellow, or red, yellow, and blue.", "Brown __knowledge__ In the RGB color model used to project colors onto television screens and computer monitors, brown is made by combining red and green, in specific proportions.", "Brown __knowledge__ The brown color is seen widely in nature, in wood, soil, human hair color, eye color and skin pigmentation.", "Brown __knowledge__ Brown is the color of dark wood or rich soil.", "Brown __knowledge__ According to public opinion surveys in Europe and the United States, brown is the least favorite color of the public; the color is most often associated with plainness, the rustic, feces, and poverty.", "Grey __knowledge__ Grey (British English) or gray (American English; see spelling differences) is an intermediate color between black and white.", "Grey __knowledge__ It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is a color \"without color.\"", "Grey __knowledge__ It is the color of a cloud-covered sky, of ash and of lead.", "Grey __knowledge__ The first recorded use of \"grey\" as a color name in the English language was in AD 700.", "Grey __knowledge__ \"Grey\" is the dominant spelling in European and Commonwealth English, although \"gray\" remained in common usage in the UK until the second half of the 20th century.", "Grey __knowledge__ \"Gray\" has been the preferred American spelling since approximately 1825, although \"grey\" is an accepted variant.", "Diva Starz __knowledge__ Diva Starz was a series of fashion dolls created and released by Mattel during the Christmas shopping season of 2000.", "Diva Starz __knowledge__ They are similar in design to the MGA Entertainment Bratz dolls released in 2001, and the Flavas dolls released by Mattel in 2003.", "Diva Starz __knowledge__ Original four dolls, Alexa, Nikki, Summer, and Tia (Summer was later replaced by Miranda) were offered in the original debut.", "Diva Starz __knowledge__ The line was discontinued in 2004.", "Diva Starz __knowledge__ Each doll is approximately tall, with plastic clothing and combable hair.", "Diva Starz __knowledge__ The owner can change the doll's outfits by snapping on different pieces of clothing.", "Diva Starz __knowledge__ By using small metal contacts in the clothing and on the body, the doll \"knows\" which garment it is wearing, and will respond accordingly.", "Yellow __knowledge__ Yellow is the color between green and orange on the spectrum of visible light.", "Yellow __knowledge__ It is evoked by light with a dominant wavelength of roughly 570590 nm.", "Yellow __knowledge__ It is a primary color in subtractive color systems, used in painting or color printing.", "Yellow __knowledge__ In the RGB color model, used to create colors on television and computer screens, yellow is a secondary color made by combining red and green at equal intensity.", "Yellow __knowledge__ Carotenoids give the characteristic yellow color to autumn leaves, corn, canaries, daffodils, and lemons, as well as egg yolks, buttercups, and bananas.", "Yellow __knowledge__ They absorb light energy and protect plants from photodamage.", "Color mixing __knowledge__ There are two types of color mixing: \"Additive\" and \"Subtractive\".", "Color mixing __knowledge__ In both cases, there are three primary colors, three secondary colors (colors made from 2 of the three primary colors in equal amounts), and one tertiary color made from all three primary colors.", "Color mixing __knowledge__ This point is a common source of confusion, as there are different sets of primary colors depending on whether you are working with additive or subtractive mixing.", "Color mixing __knowledge__ The additive mixing of colors is unintuitive as it does not correspond to the mixing of physical substances (such as paint) which would correspond to subtractive mixing.", "Color mixing __knowledge__ For instance, one can additively mix yellow and blue by shining yellow light together with blue light, which will result in not green but a white light.", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ Complementary colors are pairs of colors which, when combined, cancel each other out.", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ This means that when combined, they produce a gray-scale color like white or black.", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ When placed next to each other, they create the strongest contrast for those particular two colors.", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ Due to this striking color clash, the term opposite colors is often considered more appropriate than \"complementary colors\".", "Complementary colors __knowledge__ Which pairs of colors are considered complementary depends on the color theory one uses: On the traditional color wheel developed in the 18th century, used by Claude Monet and Vincent van Gogh and other painters, and still used by many artists today, the primary colors were considered to be red, yellow, and blue, and the primary–secondary complementary pairs are red–green (Christmas), blue-orange (Westwood), and yellow–purple (Mesa High).", "Color theory __knowledge__ In the visual arts, color theory or colour theory is a body of practical guidance to color mixing and the visual effects of a specific color combination.", "Color theory __knowledge__ There are also definitions (or categories) of colors based on the color wheel: primary color, secondary color and tertiary color.", "Color theory __knowledge__ Although color theory principles first appeared in the writings of Leone Battista Alberti (c.1435) and the notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci (c.1490), a tradition of \"colory theory\" began in the 18th century, initially within a partisan controversy over Isaac Newton's theory of color (\"Opticks\", 1704) and the nature of primary colors.", "Primary color __knowledge__ A set of primary colors is, most tangibly, a set of \"real\" physical pigmented media or colored lights that can be combined in varying amounts to produce a \"gamut\" of colors.", "Primary color __knowledge__ This is the essential method used in applications that are intended to elicit the perception of diverse sets of color, e.g.", "Primary color __knowledge__ electronic displays, color printing, and paintings.", "Primary color __knowledge__ Perceptions associated with a given combination of primary colors are predicted by applying the appropriate mixing model (additive, subtractive, additive averaging etc.)", "Primary color __knowledge__ that embodies the underlying physics of how light interacts with the media and ultimately the retina.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ The RGB color model is an additive color model in which red, green and blue light are added together in various ways to reproduce a broad array of colors.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ The name of the model comes from the initials of the three additive primary colors, red, green, and blue.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ The main purpose of the RGB color model is for the sensing, representation and display of images in electronic systems, such as televisions and computers, though it has also been used in conventional photography.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ Before the electronic age, the RGB color model already had a solid theory behind it, based in human perception of colors.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ RGB is a \"device-dependent\" color model: different devices detect or reproduce a given RGB value differently, since the color elements (such as phosphors or dyes) and their response to the individual R, G, and B levels vary from manufacturer to manufacturer, or even in the same device over time.", "Color wheel __knowledge__ A color wheel or colour circle is an abstract illustrative organization of color hues around a circle, which shows the relationships between primary colors, secondary colors, tertiary colors etc.", "Color wheel __knowledge__ Some sources use the terms \"color wheel\" and \"color circle\" interchangeably; however, one term or the other may be more prevalent in certain fields or certain versions as mentioned above.", "Color wheel __knowledge__ For instance, some reserve the term \"color wheel\" for mechanical rotating devices, such as color tops or filter wheels.", "Color wheel __knowledge__ Others classify various color wheels as \"color disc\", \"color chart\", and \"color scale\" varieties.", "Comparison of color models in computer graphics __knowledge__ This article provides introductory information about the RGB, HSV, and HSL color models from a computer graphics (Web page, image) perspective.", "Comparison of color models in computer graphics __knowledge__ An introduction to colors is also provided to support the main discussion.", "Comparison of color models in computer graphics __knowledge__ First, \"color\" refers to the human brain's subjective interpretation of combinations of a narrow band of wavelengths of light.", "Comparison of color models in computer graphics __knowledge__ For this reason, the definition of \"color\" is not based on a strict set of physical phenomena.", "Comparison of color models in computer graphics __knowledge__ Therefore, even basic concepts like \"primary colors\" are not clearly defined.", "Comparison of color models in computer graphics __knowledge__ For example, traditional \"Painter's Colors\" use red, blue, and yellow as the primary colors, \"Printer's Colors\" use cyan, yellow, and magenta, and \"Light Colors\" use red, green, and blue." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America.", "No one likes us, we don't care __knowledge__ \"No one likes us, we don't care\" is a football chant which originated with the supporters of Millwall Football Club in the late seventies.", "No one likes us, we don't care __knowledge__ The chant is to the tune of (We Are) Sailing by Rod Stewart.", "No one likes us, we don't care __knowledge__ The song was originally sung by Millwall fans in response to the sustained criticism of their behaviour by the press and the image of many Millwall fans as hooligans, perpetuated by certain sections of the media.", "No one likes us, we don't care __knowledge__ The song reached a worldwide audience when Millwall reached the FA Cup Final in 2004.", "No one likes us, we don't care __knowledge__ Many other football clubs in the UK have hooligans, but various commentators including Danny Baker and Rod Liddle (both men are Millwall supporters) have questioned why Millwall's have consistently been singled out to the point where the name of Millwall has become synonymous with hooliganism, creating a siege mentality amongst the ordinary, law-abiding Millwall fans.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ This is a list of \"Strawberry Shortcake\" characters.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ There are (at this writing) four distinct continuities in which Strawberry Shortcake's adventures take place: The original, 1980s version, the 2003 reboot, the 2009/2010 reboot and the upcoming 2018 reboot.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Many of Strawberry Shortcake's friends appear in more than one continuity, and their appearance and/or characterization can vary greatly between versions.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Distinct traits will be noted in each of the circas in which a character happens to appear.", "List of Strawberry Shortcake characters __knowledge__ Strawberry Shortcake is the protagonist and the title character of \"The World of Strawberry Shortcake\" franchise.", "Millwall F.C. __knowledge__ Millwall Football Club () is a professional football club in Bermondsey, South East London, England.", "Millwall F.C. __knowledge__ The team competes in The Championship, the second tier of English football.", "Millwall F.C. __knowledge__ Founded as Millwall Rovers in 1885, the club has retained its name despite having last played in the Millwall area of the Isle of Dogs in 1910.", "Millwall F.C. __knowledge__ From then until 1993 the club played at what is now called The Old Den in New Cross, before moving to its current home stadium nearby, called The Den.", "Millwall F.C. __knowledge__ The traditional club crest is a lion rampant, referred to in the team's nickname \"The Lions\".", "Millwall F.C. __knowledge__ Millwall's traditional kit consists of blue shirts, white shorts and blue socks.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ Mattel's fashion doll franchise \"Monster High\" features a variety of fictional characters, many of whom are students at the titular high school.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ The female characters are classified as Ghouls and the male characters are classified as Mansters.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ The characters are generally the sons and daughters, or related to monsters that have been popularized in fiction.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ The franchise's official website identifies six of the characters as Original Ghouls.", "List of Monster High characters __knowledge__ In addition to the listed Ghouls and Mansters, there are other characters who have been introduced in the franchise's related media including the web/video and book series.", "Girton College, Cambridge __knowledge__ Girton College is one of the 31 constituent colleges of the University of Cambridge.", "Girton College, Cambridge __knowledge__ The college was established in 1869 by Emily Davies, Barbara Bodichon and Lady Stanley of Alderley as a college for women.", "Girton College, Cambridge __knowledge__ Girton was granted full college status by the university in 1948, marking the official admittance of women to the university.", "Girton College, Cambridge __knowledge__ In 1976, Girton was Cambridge university's first women's college to become coeducational.", "Girton College, Cambridge __knowledge__ The main college site, situated on the outskirts of the village of Girton, about 2.5 miles (4 km) northwest of the university town, comprises of land.", "Girton College, Cambridge __knowledge__ Held in typical Victorian red brick design, most was built by architect Alfred Waterhouse between 1872 and 1887.", "List of Endurance episodes __knowledge__ The following episodes are the episode list for Endurance.", "List of Endurance episodes __knowledge__ Episode seven, fifteen, and sixteen are specials.", "List of Endurance episodes __knowledge__ The seventh episode recaps the events of the first six days of the competition.", "List of Endurance episodes __knowledge__ The fifteenth and the sixteenth episodes reunites the cast nearly one year since the series has started.", "List of Endurance episodes __knowledge__ In the series premiere, 20 strangers arrive on an island somewhere in the Pacific Ocean, where they meet the host, J.D.", "List of Endurance episodes __knowledge__ Roth, who explains the rules to them: every day, there will be a mission that will give one of seven teams a Pyramid Piece, an important item needed to win the game (the pieces are Courage, Heart, Knoweledge, Leadership, Commitment, Perseverance, Trust, Discipline, Strength, and Luck), and the following day features a Temple Mission, which gives the winning team a chance to send two other teams to the Temple of Fate, where one team is eliminated.", "Yup'ik clothing __knowledge__ Yup'ik clothing (Yup'ik \"aturaq\" \"aturak\" \"aturat\" , \"aklu\", \"akluq\", \"un’u\" ; also, \"piluguk\" in Unaliq-Pastuliq dialect, \"aklu\", \"cangssagar\", \"un’u\" in Nunivak dialect) refers to the traditional Eskimo-style clothing worn by the Yupik people of southwestern Alaska.", "Yup'ik clothing __knowledge__ Also known as Cup'ik clothing for the Chevak Cup'ik-speaking people of Chevak and Cup'ig clothing for the Nunivak Cup'ig-speaking people of Nunivak Island.", "Yup'ik clothing __knowledge__ The traditional clothing system developed and used by the Eskimo peoples is the most effective cold weather clothing developed to date.", "Yup'ik clothing __knowledge__ Yup'ik women made clothes and footwear from animal skins (especially hide and fur of marine and land mammals for fur clothing, sometimes birds, also fish), sewn together using needles made from animal bones, walrus ivory, and bird bones such as front part of a crane's foot and threads made from other animal products, such as sinew.", "Yup'ik __knowledge__ The Yup'ik or Yupiaq (sg & pl) and Yupiit or Yupiat (pl), also Central Alaskan Yup'ik, Central Yup'ik, Alaskan Yup'ik (own name \"Yup'ik\" \"Yupiik\" \"Yupiit\" ), are an Eskimo people of western and southwestern Alaska ranging from southern Norton Sound southwards along the coast of the Bering Sea on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (including living on Nelson and Nunivak Islands) and along the northern coast of Bristol Bay as far east as Nushagak Bay and the northern Alaska Peninsula at Naknek River and Egegik Bay.", "Yup'ik __knowledge__ They are also known as Cup'ik by the Chevak Cup'ik dialect-speaking Eskimos of Chevak and Cup'ig for the Nunivak Cup'ig dialect-speaking Eskimo of Nunivak Island.", "Yup'ik language __knowledge__ Central Alaskan Yup'ik or just Yup'ik (also called Yupik, Central Yupik, or indigenously Yugtun) is one of the languages of the Yupik family, in turn a member of the Eskimo–Aleut language group, spoken in western and southwestern Alaska.", "Yup'ik language __knowledge__ Both in ethnic population and in number of speakers, Central Alaskan Yup'ik is the largest of the languages spoken by Alaska Natives.", "Yup'ik language __knowledge__ As of 2010 it was also the second largest aboriginal language in the United States in terms of numbers of speakers.", "Yup'ik language __knowledge__ Yup'ik should not be confused with the related language Central Siberian Yupik spoken in Chukotka and St. Lawrence Island.", "Yup'ik cuisine __knowledge__ Yup'ik cuisine (\"Yupiit neqait\" in Yup'ik language, literally \"Yup'iks' foods\" or \"Yup'iks' fishes\") refers to the Eskimo style traditional subsistence food and cuisine of the Yup'ik people from the western and southwestern Alaska.", "Yup'ik cuisine __knowledge__ Also known as Cup'ik cuisine for the Chevak Cup'ik dialect speaking Eskimos of Chevak and Cup'ig cuisine for the Nunivak Cup'ig dialect speaking Eskimos of Nunivak Island.", "Yup'ik cuisine __knowledge__ This cuisine is traditionally based on meat from fish, birds, sea and land mammals, and normally contains high levels of protein.", "Yup'ik cuisine __knowledge__ Subsistence foods are generally considered by many to be nutritionally superior superfoods.", "Hennessey Venom GT __knowledge__ The Hennessey Venom GT is a high performance sports car manufactured by Texas-based Hennessey Performance Engineering.", "Hennessey Venom GT __knowledge__ The Venom is a significantly modified version of the Lotus Elise/Exige.", "Hennessey Venom GT __knowledge__ On January 21, 2013, the Venom GT set a Guinness World Record for the fastest production car from with an average acceleration time of 13.63 seconds.", "Hennessey Venom GT __knowledge__ In addition, the car set an unofficial record for acceleration at 14.51 seconds, beating the Koenigsegg Agera R's time of 17.68 seconds, making it the unofficial fastest accelerating production car in the world.", "Hennessey Venom GT __knowledge__ On April 3, 2013, the Hennessey Venom GT crested over the course of during testing at United States Naval Air Station Lemoore in Lemoore, California.", "Yup'ik dancing __knowledge__ Yup'ik dancing (or dance) or Yuraq, also Yuraqing (Yup'ik \"yuraq\" \"yurak\" \"yurat\" ) is a traditional Eskimo style dancing form usually performed to songs in Yup'ik, with dances choreographed for specific songs which the Yup'ik people of southwestern Alaska.", "Yup'ik dancing __knowledge__ Also known as Cup'ik dance for the Chevak Cup'ik dialect speaking Eskimos of Chevak and Cup'ig dance for the Nunivak Cup'ig dialect speaking Eskimos of Nunivak Island.", "Yup'ik dancing __knowledge__ Yup'ik dancing is set up in a very specific and cultural format.", "Yup'ik dancing __knowledge__ Typically, the men are in the front, kneeling and the women stand in the back.", "Yup'ik dancing __knowledge__ The drummers are in the very back of the dance group.", "Yupiit Piciryarait Cultural Center __knowledge__ The Yupiit Piciryarait Cultural Center (YPCC), also known as \"Yupiit Piciryarait Cultural Center and Museum\", formerly known as the \"Yup'ik Museum, Library, and Multipurpose Cultural Center\" (or \"Facility\"), is a non-profit cultural center of the Yup'ik (and sometimes Alaskan Athabaskan of the region) culture centrally located in Bethel, Alaska near the University of Alaska Fairbanks' Kuskokwim Campus and city offices.", "Yupiit Piciryarait Cultural Center __knowledge__ The center is a unique facility that combines a museum, a library, and multi-purpose cultural activity center including performing arts space, for cultural gatherings, feasts, celebrations, meetings and classes." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue is one of the three primary colours of pigments in painting and traditional colour theory, as well as in the RGB colour model.", "Blue __knowledge__ It lies between violet and green on the spectrum of visible light.", "Blue __knowledge__ The eye perceives blue when observing light with a dominant wavelength between approximately 450 and 495 nanometres.", "Blue __knowledge__ Most blues contain a slight mixture of other colors; azure contains some green, while ultramarine contains some violet.", "Blue __knowledge__ The clear daytime sky and the deep sea appear blue because of an optical effect known as Rayleigh scattering.", "Blue __knowledge__ An optical effect called Tyndall scattering explains blue eyes.", "Blue __knowledge__ Distant objects appear more blue because of another optical effect called atmospheric perspective.", "Blue __knowledge__ Blue has been an important colour in art and decoration since ancient times.", "Blue __knowledge__ The semi-precious stone lapis lazuli was used in ancient Egypt for jewellery and ornament and later, in The Renaissance, to make the pigment ultramarine, the most expensive of all pigments.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the eighth century Chinese artists used cobalt blue to colour fine blue and white porcelain.", "Blue __knowledge__ In the Middle Ages, European artists used it in the windows of Cathedrals.", "Blue __knowledge__ Europeans wore clothing coloured with the vegetable dye woad until it was replaced by the finer indigo from America.", "Angel Cop __knowledge__ The story initially starts by dealing with terrorism at the end of the 20th century, where Japan is the largest economy in the world.", "Angel Cop __knowledge__ The communist radical group, the Red May, are trying to bring down Japan's economy and take over the government.", "Angel Cop __knowledge__ In response, a government agency, the Special Security Force, is formed with the ability to act outside the law.", "Angel Cop __knowledge__ However, when the Red May suddenly find themselves being wiped out, the force discovers that something else is hunting the terrorists.", "Angel Cop __knowledge__ The main protagonist and title character.", "Angel Cop __knowledge__ A member of the Special Security Force, she initially believes in just getting the job accomplished and not caring who dies.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that appear in \"\".", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The characters are listed in alphabetical order.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ Most characters are seen in their classic appearance (Catwoman, Green Arrow), while others (Blue Beetle) have their current costume.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ Some have even been re-imagined for the show (the Outsiders).", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ The characters are described below using in-universe tone.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ 'Mazing Man is a short man who dresses up as a superhero.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ In the \"Kitty Catastrophe\" segment of \"Four Star Spectacular\", he is the accident-prone catsitter for a couple named Owen and Fiona.", "List of Batman: The Brave and the Bold characters __knowledge__ It is apparent that Batman is his favorite superhero and the inspiration for his costume.", "Flying Hawk __knowledge__ Flying Hawk (Oglala Lakota: \"Čhetáŋ Kiŋyáŋ\" in Standard Lakota Orthography; a/k/a Moses Flying Hawk; March 1854 – December 24, 1931) was an Oglala Lakota warrior, historian, educator and philosopher.", "Flying Hawk __knowledge__ Flying Hawk's life chronicles the history of the Oglala Lakota people through the 19th and early 20th centuries, as he fought to deflect the worst effects of white rule; educate his people and preserve sacred Oglala Lakota land and heritage.", "Flying Hawk __knowledge__ Chief Flying Hawk was a combatant in Red Cloud's War and in nearly all of the fights with the U.S. Army during the Great Sioux War of 1876.", "Flying Hawk __knowledge__ He fought alongside his first cousin Crazy Horse and his brothers Kicking Bear and Black Fox II in the Battle of the Little Big Horn in 1876, and was present at the death of Crazy Horse in 1877 and the Wounded Knee Massacre of 1890.", "Crazy Horse __knowledge__ Crazy Horse (Lakota: in Standard Lakota Orthography, IPA:, literally \"His-Horse-Is-Crazy\"; 1840 – September 5, 1877) was a Native American war leader of the Oglala Lakota in the 19th century.", "Crazy Horse __knowledge__ He took up arms against the United States federal government to fight against encroachment by white American settlers on Indian territory and to preserve the traditional way of life of the Lakota people.", "Crazy Horse __knowledge__ His participation in several famous battles of the American Indian Wars on the northern Great Plains, among them the Fetterman massacre in 1866, in which he acted as a decoy, and the Battle of the Little Bighorn in 1876, in which he led a war party to victory, earned him great respect from both his enemies and his own people.", "Red (band) __knowledge__ Red (also stylized R3D or RED) are an American rock band from Nashville, Tennessee, formed in 2002 by brothers guitarist Anthony Armstrong and bassist Randy Armstrong, with lead vocalist Michael Barnes.", "Red (band) __knowledge__ The band's first lineup also consisted of drummer Andrew Hendrix and guitarist Jasen Rauch.", "Red (band) __knowledge__ Since 2014, the band's line-up has consisted of the core trio of the Armstrongs and Barnes with touring drummer Dan Johnson.", "Red (band) __knowledge__ After they recorded several demos that displayed a style of alternative, hard, and Christian rock music, Red landed a development deal with their longtime producer Rob Graves which led to a record deal with Christian label Essential Records in 2004.", "Crazy Taxi __knowledge__ Crazy Taxi is a series of score attack racing video games that was developed by Hitmaker and published by Sega.", "Crazy Taxi __knowledge__ The first game appeared in arcades in 1999 and was very successful, prompting Sega to port the arcade version to their Dreamcast console in 2000.", "Crazy Taxi __knowledge__ It is the third best-selling Dreamcast game in the United States, selling over a million copies.", "Crazy Taxi __knowledge__ The game was later ported to the PlayStation 2, Nintendo GameCube, and PC with sequels also appearing on the Xbox, Game Boy Advance, and PlayStation Portable systems.", "Crazy Taxi __knowledge__ Each game has the player assume the role of a taxi driver who must accumulate money by delivering passengers to their destinations in the fastest time possible, earning tips by performing \"crazy stunts\" before the time runs out.", "Robert Edmund Strahorn __knowledge__ Robert Edmund Strahorn (May 15, 1852 – March 31, 1944) is notable in American history as a war correspondent with the New York Times, Chicago Tribune and the Rocky Mountain News during the Great Sioux War of 1876, a scout and publicist for the Union Pacific Railroad, and a visionary builder of the Pacific Northwest.", "Robert Edmund Strahorn __knowledge__ Strahorn was a journalist and adventurer who shaped images of the American West.", "Robert Edmund Strahorn __knowledge__ No man knew the West as he knew it, and few persons had a more active or important if less prominent part in the building of the West.", "Robert Edmund Strahorn __knowledge__ Robert Edmund Strahorn was born near Bellefonte, Centre County, Pennsylvania, on May 15, 1852.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Color psychology is the study of hues as a determinant of human behavior.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Color influences perceptions that are not obvious, such as the taste of food.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Colours can also enhance the effectiveness of placebos.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ For example, red or orange pills are generally used as stimulants.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Colour can indeed influence a person; however, it is important to remember that these effects differ between people.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ Factors such as gender, age, and culture can influence how an individual perceives color.", "Color psychology __knowledge__ For instance, heterosexual men tend to report that red outfits enhance female attractiveness, while heterosexual females deny any outfit color impacting that of men.", "Pink __knowledge__ Pink is a pale red color that is named after a flower of the same name.", "Pink __knowledge__ It was first used as a color name in the late 17th century.", "Pink __knowledge__ According to surveys in Europe and the United States, pink is the color most often associated with charm, politeness, sensitivity, tenderness, sweetness, childhood, femininity and the romantic.", "Pink __knowledge__ It is associated with chastity and innocence when combined with white, but associated with eroticism and seduction when combined with purple or black.", "Pink __knowledge__ The color pink is named after the flowers, pinks, flowering plants in the genus \"Dianthus,\" and derives from the frilled edge of the flowers.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ The RGB color model is an additive color model in which red, green and blue light are added together in various ways to reproduce a broad array of colors.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ The name of the model comes from the initials of the three additive primary colors, red, green, and blue.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ The main purpose of the RGB color model is for the sensing, representation and display of images in electronic systems, such as televisions and computers, though it has also been used in conventional photography.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ Before the electronic age, the RGB color model already had a solid theory behind it, based in human perception of colors.", "RGB color model __knowledge__ RGB is a \"device-dependent\" color model: different devices detect or reproduce a given RGB value differently, since the color elements (such as phosphors or dyes) and their response to the individual R, G, and B levels vary from manufacturer to manufacturer, or even in the same device over time.", "Yellow __knowledge__ Yellow is the color between green and orange on the spectrum of visible light.", "Yellow __knowledge__ It is evoked by light with a dominant wavelength of roughly 570590 nm.", "Yellow __knowledge__ It is a primary color in subtractive color systems, used in painting or color printing.", "Yellow __knowledge__ In the RGB color model, used to create colors on television and computer screens, yellow is a secondary color made by combining red and green at equal intensity.", "Yellow __knowledge__ Carotenoids give the characteristic yellow color to autumn leaves, corn, canaries, daffodils, and lemons, as well as egg yolks, buttercups, and bananas.", "Yellow __knowledge__ They absorb light energy and protect plants from photodamage.", "Shades of green __knowledge__ Varieties of the color green may differ in hue, chroma (also called saturation or intensity) or lightness (or value, tone, or brightness), or in two or three of these qualities.", "Shades of green __knowledge__ Variations in value are also called tints and shades, a tint being a green or other hue mixed with white, a shade being mixed with black.", "Shades of green __knowledge__ A large selection of these various colors is shown below.", "Shades of green __knowledge__ Green is common in nature, especially in plants.", "Shades of green __knowledge__ Many plants are green mainly because of a complex chemical known as chlorophyll which is involved in photosynthesis.", "Shades of green __knowledge__ Many shades of green have been named after plants or are related to plants.", "Red __knowledge__ Red is the colour at the end of the visible spectrum of light, next to orange and opposite violet.", "Red __knowledge__ It has a dominant wavelength of approximately 625–740 nanometres.", "Red __knowledge__ It is a primary color in the RGB color model and the CMYK color model, and is the complementary color of cyan.", "Red __knowledge__ Reds range from the brilliant yellow-tinged scarlet and vermillion to bluish-red crimson, and vary in shade from the pale red pink to the dark red burgundy.", "Red __knowledge__ The red sky at sunset results from Rayleigh scattering, while the red color of the Grand Canyon and other geological features is caused by hematite or red ochre, both forms of iron oxide.", "Purple __knowledge__ Purple is a color intermediate between blue and red.", "Purple __knowledge__ It is similar to violet, but unlike violet, which is a spectral color with its own wavelength on the visible spectrum of light, purple is a composite color made by combining red and blue.", "Purple __knowledge__ According to surveys in Europe and the U.S., purple is the color most often associated with royalty, magic, mystery and piety.", "Purple __knowledge__ When combined with pink, it is associated with eroticism, femininity and seduction.", "Purple __knowledge__ Purple was the color worn by Roman magistrates; it became the imperial color worn by the rulers of the Byzantine Empire and the Holy Roman Empire, and later by Roman Catholic bishops." ] ]

[ 1, 60, 1, 59 ]

[ "Oh really, Blue is one of the three primary colors.", "Yup, for example you can mix blue and yellow and make green.", "I have to disagree, Green happens to be my favorite color and is also a primary color..", "Yup the three primary colors are Red, Green and Blue." ]

[ "Blue", "Blue", "Blue", "Blue" ]

[ "Red hair", "Yeah! I heard it's super rare, i only have one friend with red hair.", "Do you happen to know which country has the most redheaded people?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair (or ginger hair) occurs naturally in 1–2% of the human population.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It occurs more frequently (2–6%) in people of northern or western European ancestry, and less frequently in other populations.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair appears most commonly in people with two copies of a recessive allele on chromosome 16 which produces an altered version of the MC1R protein.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair varies in hues from a deep burgundy or bright copper (reddish-brown or auburn) through to burnt orange or red-orange and strawberry blond.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It is associated with fair skin color, lighter eye colors (gray, blue, green, and hazel), freckles, and sensitivity to ultraviolet light.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Cultural reactions have varied from ridicule to admiration; many common stereotypes exist regarding redheads and they are often portrayed as fiery-tempered.", "Red hair __knowledge__ The term redhead has been in use since at least 1510.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair is most commonly found at the northern and western fringes of Europe; it is centered around populations in the British Isles.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Redheads today are commonly associated with the Celtic nations and to a far lesser extent the Germanic peoples." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair (or ginger hair) occurs naturally in 1–2% of the human population.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It occurs more frequently (2–6%) in people of northern or western European ancestry, and less frequently in other populations.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair appears most commonly in people with two copies of a recessive allele on chromosome 16 which produces an altered version of the MC1R protein.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair varies in hues from a deep burgundy or bright copper (reddish-brown or auburn) through to burnt orange or red-orange and strawberry blond.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It is associated with fair skin color, lighter eye colors (gray, blue, green, and hazel), freckles, and sensitivity to ultraviolet light.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Cultural reactions have varied from ridicule to admiration; many common stereotypes exist regarding redheads and they are often portrayed as fiery-tempered.", "Red hair __knowledge__ The term redhead has been in use since at least 1510.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair is most commonly found at the northern and western fringes of Europe; it is centered around populations in the British Isles.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Redheads today are commonly associated with the Celtic nations and to a far lesser extent the Germanic peoples.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Hair color is the pigmentation of hair follicles due to two types of melanin: eumelanin and pheomelanin.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Generally, if more eumelanin is present, the color of the hair is darker; if less eumelanin is present, the hair is lighter.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ The darker a person's natural hair color is, the more individual hair follicles they have on their scalp.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Levels of melanin can vary over time causing a person's hair color to change, and it is possible to have hair follicles of more than one color on the same person.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Particular hair colors are associated with ethnic groups.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Gray or white hair is associated with age.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ The Fischer–Saller scale, named after Eugen Fischer and , is used in physical anthropology and medicine to determine the shades of hair color.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters for the British television and radio sketch show \"Little Britain\" (and its American spin-off, \"Little Britain USA\").", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played By: David Walliams Appearances: Season 3 Alan works for the Donkey Hospice in the town of Achingballs.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ After contributors give him some money, he blatantly places stickers on embarrassing body parts, such as the genital region or breasts and on someone's rear in a deleted scene.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ He makes one appearance in Series 3.", "List of Little Britain characters __knowledge__ Played by: David Walliams Episodes: Radio Show; Season 1, episodes 4 and 5 Catchphrase: \"I love you Anne\" and \"I need you Anne\" Peter Andre is a royal BBC correspondent who gets sacked after first making surreal and false claims about the Royal Family (such as Prince Charles having magical powers, describing The Queen as \"The Main One\" and mistaking Princess Eugenie for her mother, Sarah, Duchess of York) and then expressing his love for Princess Anne through song.", "Dragon Ball Collectible Card Game __knowledge__ The Dragon Ball Collectible Card Game (Dragon Ball CCG) is a collectible card game based on the \"Dragon Ball\" franchise, first published by Bandai on July 18, 2008.", "Dragon Ball Collectible Card Game __knowledge__ Bandai relaunched the card game on July 28, 2017.", "Dragon Ball Collectible Card Game __knowledge__ The game was previously released in other countries before making its debut in the United States.", "Dragon Ball Collectible Card Game __knowledge__ The game features exclusive artwork from all 3 anime series (\"Dragon Ball\", \"Z\", and \"GT\") never before seen in the U.S.", "Dragon Ball Collectible Card Game __knowledge__ In the 2017 relaunch of the card game, Bandai plans to introduce characters from \"Dragon Ball Xenoverse\".", "Dragon Ball Collectible Card Game __knowledge__ The game has similarities to the other CCG created by Bandai, the \"Naruto Collectible Card Game\".", "Pirates Constructible Strategy Game __knowledge__ The Pirates Constructible Strategy Game is a tabletop game manufactured by WizKids, Inc., with aspects of both miniatures game and collectible card game genres.", "Pirates Constructible Strategy Game __knowledge__ \"Pirates of the Spanish Main\" (the initial release of the \"Pirates\" line) is the world's first \"constructible strategy game,\" referring to the mechanics of creating game pieces from components that punch out of styrene cards.", "Pirates Constructible Strategy Game __knowledge__ The game was created by Jordan Weisman and designed by Mike Mulvihill, Ethan Pasternack, James Ernest, and Mike Selinker.", "Pirates Constructible Strategy Game __knowledge__ It was released in early July 2004.", "Pirates Constructible Strategy Game __knowledge__ There was also an online computer game based on Pirates of the Spanish Main by Sony Online Entertainment called Pirates CSG Online, which ended on 1/31/2011.", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters appearing in the animated series \"Kim Possible\".", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ Kimberly Ann \"Kim\" Possible is a crime fighter and high school cheerleading captain who saves the world on a regular basis while dealing with the normal challenges of being a teenager, such as winning cheer competitions, turning in her homework on time, and maintaining a love life.", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ Her name is a play on the word \"impossible.\"", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ Kim has known Ron Stoppable, her sidekick for most missions, since preschool.", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ She has also completed missions with Wade, Monique, her brothers, and even her mother.", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ In season four, Kim and Ron end up developing romantic feelings for each other and begin dating during their senior year.", "Hair coloring __knowledge__ Hair coloring, or hair dyeing, is the practice of changing the hair color.", "Hair coloring __knowledge__ The main reasons for this are cosmetic: to cover gray or white hair, to change to a color regarded as more fashionable or desirable, to restore the original hair color after it has been discolored by hairdressing processes or sun bleaching.", "Hair coloring __knowledge__ Hair coloring can be done professionally by a hairdresser or independently at home.", "Hair coloring __knowledge__ Today, hair coloring is very popular, with 75% of women and 18% of men living in Copenhagen having reported using hair dye according to a study by the University of Copenhagen.", "Hair coloring __knowledge__ At home coloring in the United States reached $1.9 billion in 2011 and is expected to raise to $2.2 billion by 2016.", "Blond __knowledge__ Blond (male), blonde (female), or fair hair, is a hair color characterized by low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.", "Blond __knowledge__ The resultant visible hue depends on various factors, but always has some sort of yellowish color.", "Blond __knowledge__ The color can be from the very pale blond (caused by a patchy, scarce distribution of pigment) to reddish \"strawberry\" blond or golden-brownish (\"sandy\") blond colors (the latter with more eumelanin).", "Blond __knowledge__ On the Fischer–Saller scale, blond color ranges from A (light blond) to O (dark blond).", "Blond __knowledge__ The word \"blond\" is first documented in English in 1481 and derives from Old French \"blund, blont\", meaning \"a colour midway between golden and light chestnut\".", "Color analysis (art) __knowledge__ In the cosmetics and fashion industry, color analysis, also called skin tone color matching, personal color or seasonal color, is the process of finding colors of clothing and makeup to match a person's skin complexion, eye color, and hair color.", "Color analysis (art) __knowledge__ The goal is to determine the colors that best suit an individual's natural coloring and the result is often used as an aid to wardrobe planning and style consulting.", "Color analysis (art) __knowledge__ Color analysis was most popular in the early 1980s.", "Color analysis (art) __knowledge__ There are a wide variety of approaches to analyzing personal coloring.", "Color analysis (art) __knowledge__ The most well-known is \"seasonal\" color analysis, which places individual coloring into four general categories: Winter, Spring, Summer and Autumn.", "Brown hair __knowledge__ Brown hair is the second most common human hair color, after black hair.", "Brown hair __knowledge__ It varies from light brown to almost black hair.", "Brown hair __knowledge__ It is characterized by higher levels of the dark pigment eumelanin and lower levels of the pale pigment pheomelanin.", "Brown hair __knowledge__ Its strands are thicker than those of fair hair but not as much as those of red hair.", "Brown hair __knowledge__ People with brown hair are often referred to as brunette, which in French is the feminine form of \"brunet,\" the diminutive of \"brun\" (brown, brown-haired or dark-haired).", "Brown hair __knowledge__ Brown hair is common among populations in the Western world, especially among those from Central Europe, Southeastern Europe, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Southern Cone, the United States, and also some populations in the Greater Middle East where it transitions smoothly into black hair.", "Hot roots __knowledge__ Hot roots is a term used by hair stylists to explain the condition brought about by applying an artificial pigment to the hair, whereby the roots (the sections of the hair follicles closest to the scalp) are noticeably warmer in color (more red/orange) than the ends of the hair.", "Hot roots __knowledge__ This can happen for a few reasons, but the two most likely causes are explained below.", "Hot roots __knowledge__ It is helpful to understand the general nature of the lightening, or \"lifting\", of natural hair color.", "Hot roots __knowledge__ The color of natural hair is determined by the melanin present.", "Hot roots __knowledge__ Generally, the more melanin, the darker the hair.", "Hot roots __knowledge__ In order for the color of hair to be lightened, a chemical must penetrate the cuticle of the hair, enter the cortex and destroy the melanin." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair (or ginger hair) occurs naturally in 1–2% of the human population.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It occurs more frequently (2–6%) in people of northern or western European ancestry, and less frequently in other populations.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair appears most commonly in people with two copies of a recessive allele on chromosome 16 which produces an altered version of the MC1R protein.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair varies in hues from a deep burgundy or bright copper (reddish-brown or auburn) through to burnt orange or red-orange and strawberry blond.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It is characterized by high levels of the reddish pigment pheomelanin and relatively low levels of the dark pigment eumelanin.", "Red hair __knowledge__ It is associated with fair skin color, lighter eye colors (gray, blue, green, and hazel), freckles, and sensitivity to ultraviolet light.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Cultural reactions have varied from ridicule to admiration; many common stereotypes exist regarding redheads and they are often portrayed as fiery-tempered.", "Red hair __knowledge__ The term redhead has been in use since at least 1510.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Red hair is most commonly found at the northern and western fringes of Europe; it is centered around populations in the British Isles.", "Red hair __knowledge__ Redheads today are commonly associated with the Celtic nations and to a far lesser extent the Germanic peoples.", "Kiveve __knowledge__ Kiveve is one of the most appetizing dishes of the popular semi-sweet Paraguayan gastronomy.", "Kiveve __knowledge__ It has a doughy texture and is of creamy consistency.", "Kiveve __knowledge__ Its taste is very pleasant and the primary ingredient is a pumpkin fruit that is called by the guarani name, \"andai\" in Paraguay.", "Kiveve __knowledge__ It is a \"Cucurbita moschata\" landrace probably of pre-Columbian origin, that would be called \"ahuyama\" in Venezuela, Colombia, and the Dominican Republic, and \"calabaza\" or \"zapallo\" in other Spanish speaking countries and in Spanish language in Paraguay.", "Kiveve __knowledge__ The fruit is a squash that may be elongated or spherical, and its exterior color ranges from green to orange, to reddish.", "Ginger Kids __knowledge__ \"Ginger Kids\" is the eleventh episode in the ninth season of the American animated television series \"South Park\".", "Ginger Kids __knowledge__ The 136th episode of the series overall, it first aired on Comedy Central in the United States on November 9, 2005.", "Ginger Kids __knowledge__ The episode was written and directed by series co-creator Trey Parker.", "Ginger Kids __knowledge__ It caused controversy after its ironic premise was misunderstood by people who acted violently against redheads.", "Ginger Kids __knowledge__ In the episode, Cartman suffers from a mysterious and sudden onset of Gingervitus.", "Ginger Kids __knowledge__ Sick and tired of being ridiculed for his red hair, light skin and freckles, he rallies all the ginger kids everywhere to fight against discrimination and rise up and become the master race they are intended to be.", "Redhead Day __knowledge__ Redhead Day (\"Roodharigendag\" in Dutch) is the name of a Dutch summer festival that takes place each first weekend of September in the city of Breda, in the Netherlands.", "Redhead Day __knowledge__ The two-day festival is a gathering of people with natural red hair, but is also focused on art related to the colour red.", "Redhead Day __knowledge__ Activities during the festival are lectures, workshops and demonstrations which are aimed specifically at red-haired people.", "Redhead Day __knowledge__ The festival attracts attendance from fifty countries and is free of charge due to sponsorship of the local government.", "Redhead Day __knowledge__ To be classified a 'Redhead', each participant must not have altered their original, natural hair colour in any way.", "Christian Patterson __knowledge__ Christian Patterson (born 1972, Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, USA) is an American photographer known for his \"Sound Affects\" and \"Redheaded Peckerwood\" series which have received solo exhibitions and been published as books.", "Christian Patterson __knowledge__ \"Redheaded Peckerwood\" was awarded the Rencontres d'Arles Author Book Award in 2012 and Patterson has been awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship and the Vevey International Photography Award.", "Christian Patterson __knowledge__ In 2002, Patterson moved from Brooklyn, New York to Memphis, Tennessee to work with the photographer William Eggleston.", "Christian Patterson __knowledge__ In 2005, he completed his first project, \"Sound Affects,\" a collection of color photographs that explore Memphis as a visual and musical place, and use light and color as visual analogues to sound and music.", "Scolopendra heros __knowledge__ Scolopendra heros, commonly known as the giant desert centipede, giant Sonoran centipede, Texas redheaded centipede, and giant redheaded centipede, is a species of North American centipede found in the Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico.", "Scolopendra heros __knowledge__ \"S. heros\" is the largest centipede in North America.", "Scolopendra heros __knowledge__ It has an average length of , but can reach up to in the wild, and even longer in captivity.", "Scolopendra heros __knowledge__ Its trunk bears either 21 or 23 pairs of legs.", "Scolopendra heros __knowledge__ It is aposematically colored, to warn off potential predators, and a number of color variants are known in the species.", "Scolopendra heros __knowledge__ The \"castaneiceps\" variant found in Arkansas, Missouri, Texas, and other nearby areas is commonly known as the \"giant redheaded centipede\" or \"Texas redheaded centipede\" because of its distinct red head and greenish black body and tail.", "Redheaded slut __knowledge__ The redheaded slut is a cocktail made of Jägermeister, peach-flavored schnapps, and cranberry juice.", "Redheaded slut __knowledge__ A redheaded slut, also known as a ginger bitch, is typically made as either a mixed drink or a shooter.", "Redheaded slut __knowledge__ As a mixed drink the ingredients are generally poured over ice in a small cocktail glass, then stirred.", "Redheaded slut __knowledge__ As a shooter, the ingredients are mixed with ice in a cocktail shaker then strained and poured into a shot glass.", "Redheaded slut __knowledge__ A very common variation includes equal parts Jägermeister, Schnapps, Crown Royal, and cranberry-flavored vodka.", "Redheaded slut __knowledge__ A relatively uncommon variation substitutes Chambord for the cranberry juice, and sometimes substitutes Canadian whisky and Southern Comfort for the schnapps and Jägermeister.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Hair color is the pigmentation of hair follicles due to two types of melanin: eumelanin and pheomelanin.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Generally, if more eumelanin is present, the color of the hair is darker; if less eumelanin is present, the hair is lighter.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ The darker a person's natural hair color is, the more individual hair follicles they have on their scalp.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Levels of melanin can vary over time causing a person's hair color to change, and it is possible to have hair follicles of more than one color on the same person.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Particular hair colors are associated with ethnic groups.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ Gray or white hair is associated with age.", "Human hair color __knowledge__ The Fischer–Saller scale, named after Eugen Fischer and , is used in physical anthropology and medicine to determine the shades of hair color.", "Melanin __knowledge__ Melanin (; from \"melas\", \"black, dark\") is a broad term for a group of natural pigments found in most organisms.", "Melanin __knowledge__ Melanin is produced by the oxidation of the amino acid tyrosine, followed by polymerization.", "Melanin __knowledge__ The melanin pigments are produced in a specialized group of cells known as melanocytes.", "Melanin __knowledge__ There are three basic types of melanin: eumelanin, pheomelanin, and neuromelanin.", "Melanin __knowledge__ The most common type is eumelanin, of which there are two types—brown eumelanin and black eumelanin.", "Melanin __knowledge__ Pheomelanin is a cysteine that contains red polymer of benzothiazine units largely responsible for red hair, among other pigmentation.", "Red __knowledge__ Red is the colour at the end of the visible spectrum of light, next to orange and opposite violet.", "Red __knowledge__ It has a dominant wavelength of approximately 625–740 nanometres.", "Red __knowledge__ It is a primary color in the RGB color model and the CMYK color model, and is the complementary color of cyan.", "Red __knowledge__ Reds range from the brilliant yellow-tinged scarlet and vermillion to bluish-red crimson, and vary in shade from the pale red pink to the dark red burgundy.", "Red __knowledge__ The red sky at sunset results from Rayleigh scattering, while the red color of the Grand Canyon and other geological features is caused by hematite or red ochre, both forms of iron oxide.", "Dark skin __knowledge__ Dark skin is a naturally occurring human skin color that is rich in eumelanin pigments and having a dark color.", "Dark skin __knowledge__ People with relatively dark skin are referred to as brown, and those with very dark skin are often referred to as black, although this usage can be ambiguous in some countries where it is also used to specifically refer to different ethnic groups or populations.", "Dark skin __knowledge__ The evolution of dark skin is believed to have begun around 1.2 million years ago, in light-skinned early hominid species after they moved from the equatorial rainforest to the sunny savannas.", "Dark skin __knowledge__ In the heat of the savannas, better cooling mechanisms were required, which were achieved through the loss of body hair and development of more efficient perspiration.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ Equine coat color genetics determine a horse's coat color.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ There are many different coat colors possible, but all colors are produced by the action of only a few genes.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ The combination of the extension and agouti loci determine the base coat of a horse.Bay is the original \"wild type\" color of horses.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ Ancient remains of horses were tested to be of bay base coat color.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ The Dun test was not available at the time, but those horses were also dun.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ (EE AA DD) Red horses were created with a modification of the extension locus.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ Dominant extension mutated into a recessive form.", "Equine coat color genetics __knowledge__ When the horse is homozygous for recessive extension (or ee), the horse's base coat will be red.", "Chromatophore __knowledge__ Chromatophores are pigment-containing and light-reflecting cells, or groups of cells, found in a wide range of animals including amphibians, fish, reptiles, crustaceans and cephalopods.", "Chromatophore __knowledge__ Mammals and birds, in contrast, have a class of cells called melanocytes for coloration.", "Chromatophore __knowledge__ Chromatophores are largely responsible for generating skin and eye colour in ectothermic animals and are generated in the neural crest during embryonic development.", "Chromatophore __knowledge__ Mature chromatophores are grouped into subclasses based on their colour (more properly \"hue\") under white light: xanthophores (yellow), erythrophores (red), iridophores (reflective / iridescent), leucophores (white), melanophores (black/brown), and cyanophores (blue)." ] ]

[ 1, 5, 9 ]

[ "I think some red shades of hair color is so beautiful. Although it only occurs in 1-2% of people.", "Yes, it has to due with the high levels of a reddish pigment called phemelanin, and pretty low levels of the darker pigment, eumelanin.", "It's most common in northern and western Europe, and central in the British Isles population." ]

[ "Red hair", "Red hair", "Red hair" ]

[ "Taco\nI really like tacos!", "Same. I also like to sub steak for beef sometimes.", "I might actually prefer burritos. Especially if you add some queso.", "Are tacos the official food of Mexico?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Taco __knowledge__ A taco is a traditional Mexican dish composed of a corn or wheat tortilla folded or rolled around a filling.", "Taco __knowledge__ A taco can be made with a variety of fillings, including beef, pork, chicken, seafood, vegetables, and cheese, allowing for great versatility and variety.", "Taco __knowledge__ A taco is generally eaten without utensils and is often accompanied by garnishes such as salsa, chili pepper, avocado, guacamole, cilantro (coriander), tomatoes, onions, and lettuce.", "Taco __knowledge__ The origins of the taco are not precisely known, and etymologies for the culinary usage of the word are generally theoretical.", "Taco __knowledge__ According to the Real Academia Española, publisher of \"Diccionario de la Lengua Española\", the word \"taco\" describes a typical Mexican dish of a maize tortilla folded around food.", "Taco __knowledge__ This meaning of the Spanish word \"taco\" is a Mexican innovation, but in other dialects \"taco\" is used to mean \"wedge; wad, plug; billiard cue; blowpipe; ramrod; short, stocky person; [or] short, thick piece of wood.\"", "Taco __knowledge__ As used in this non-culinary way, the word \"taco\" has cognates in other European languages, including the French word \"tache\" and the English word \"tack (nail).\"", "Taco __knowledge__ According to one etymological theory, the culinary meaning of \"taco\" derives from its \"plug\" meaning as employed among Mexican silver miners, who used explosive charges in plug form consisting of a paper wrapper and gunpowder filling.", "Napa County wine __knowledge__ Napa County wine is wine made in Napa County, California, United States.", "Napa County wine __knowledge__ County names in the United States automatically qualify as legal appellations of origin for wine produced from grapes grown in that county and do not require registration with the United States Department of the Treasury Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau.", "Napa County wine __knowledge__ The vast majority of Napa County is covered by the boundaries of the world-famous Napa Valley AVA, an American Viticultural Area, and its various sub-appellations.", "Napa County wine __knowledge__ The portion of the county that falls outside of the boundaries of the Napa Valley AVA is northeast of the Chiles Valley AVA, where few grapes are cultivated.", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Mexican street food, called \"antojitos\" (literally \"little cravings\"), is prepared by street vendors and at small traditional markets in that country.", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Street foods include tacos, tamales, gorditas, quesadillas, empalmes, tostadas, chalupa, elote, tlayudas, cemita, pambazo, empanada, nachos, chilaquiles，fajita and tortas, as well as fresh fruit, vegetables, beverages and soups (menudo, pozole and pancita).", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Most are available in the morning and the evening, as mid-afternoon is the time for the main formal meal of the day.", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Mexico has one of the most extensive street food cultures in Latin America, and \"Forbes\" named Mexico City as one of the foremost cities on the world in which to eat on the street.", "Chico's Tacos __knowledge__ Chico's Tacos is a small local restaurant chain based in El Paso, Texas.", "Chico's Tacos __knowledge__ It was founded on July 4, 1953 by local boxing promoter Joe Mora.", "Chico's Tacos __knowledge__ Long considered a local institution in El Paso, it is perhaps the city's best-known restaurant, having been featured in the Food Network show, \"The Best Thing I Ever Ate\".", "Chico's Tacos __knowledge__ It was also a topic of the Gabriel Iglesias stand up act, \"I'm not Fat...", "Chico's Tacos __knowledge__ I'm Fluffy\".", "Chico's Tacos __knowledge__ Chico's has entered into local legend for its rolled tacos in a special tomato soup-like sauce, as well as its low prices.", "Chico's Tacos __knowledge__ Other items on the menu include hamburgers, French fries, grilled cheese sandwiches (or as Chicos Tacos employees often refer to them as \"grillos\"), and special round hot dogs served on hamburger buns.", "Ricky's Tacos __knowledge__ \"Ricky's Tacos\" is the seventh episode of the American television police procedural supernatural drama \"Awake\".", "Ricky's Tacos __knowledge__ It originally aired on NBC on April 12, 2012.", "Ricky's Tacos __knowledge__ The teleplay of the episode was written by executive producer Howard Gordon and Evan Katz, from a story by series creator Kyle Killen; the episode was directed by Adam Davidson.", "Ricky's Tacos __knowledge__ \"Ricky's Tacos\" earned a Nielsen rating of 0.9, being watched by 2.68 million viewers in its initial broadcast.", "Ricky's Tacos __knowledge__ The episode has generally received positive reviews, with critics commenting on its storylines.", "Ricky's Tacos __knowledge__ The show centers on Michael Britten (Jason Isaacs), a detective living in two separate realities after a car accident.", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ \"I Really Like You\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer Carly Rae Jepsen for her third studio album, \"Emotion\" (2015).", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ It was written by Jepsen, Jacob Kasher Hindlin, Peter Svensson, Steve DaMar, and produced by Svensson.", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ The song was released as the album's lead single on 2 March 2015.", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ \"I Really Like You\" peaked at number fourteen on the Canadian Hot 100.", "I Really Like You __knowledge__ Internationally, the song peaked within the top ten of the charts in Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Japan, the Republic of Ireland, South Africa and the United Kingdom, while peaking within the top twenty of the charts in Austria, Germany, Slovakia, and Switzerland.", "Taco stand __knowledge__ A taco stand or taqueria is a food stall, food cart or restaurant that specializes in tacos and other Mexican dishes.", "Taco stand __knowledge__ The food is typically prepared quickly and tends to be inexpensive.", "Taco stand __knowledge__ Many various ingredients may be used, and various taco styles may be served.", "Taco stand __knowledge__ Taco stands are an integral part of Mexican street food.", "Taco stand __knowledge__ Tacos became a part of traditional Mexican cuisine in the early 20th Century, beginning in Mexico City, as what had been a miner's snack began to be sold on street corners in the city.", "Taco stand __knowledge__ Shops selling tacos have since proliferated throughout Mexico and other areas with a heavy Mexican culinary and cultural influence, including much of the Western United States and most other larger American cities." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Taco __knowledge__ A taco is a traditional Mexican dish composed of a corn or wheat tortilla folded or rolled around a filling.", "Taco __knowledge__ A taco can be made with a variety of fillings, including beef, pork, chicken, seafood, vegetables, and cheese, allowing for great versatility and variety.", "Taco __knowledge__ A taco is generally eaten without utensils and is often accompanied by garnishes such as salsa, chili pepper, avocado, guacamole, cilantro (coriander), tomatoes, onions, and lettuce.", "Taco __knowledge__ The origins of the taco are not precisely known, and etymologies for the culinary usage of the word are generally theoretical.", "Taco __knowledge__ According to the Real Academia Española, publisher of \"Diccionario de la Lengua Española\", the word \"taco\" describes a typical Mexican dish of a maize tortilla folded around food.", "Taco __knowledge__ This meaning of the Spanish word \"taco\" is a Mexican innovation, but in other dialects \"taco\" is used to mean \"wedge; wad, plug; billiard cue; blowpipe; ramrod; short, stocky person; [or] short, thick piece of wood.\"", "Taco __knowledge__ As used in this non-culinary way, the word \"taco\" has cognates in other European languages, including the French word \"tache\" and the English word \"tack (nail).\"", "Taco __knowledge__ According to one etymological theory, the culinary meaning of \"taco\" derives from its \"plug\" meaning as employed among Mexican silver miners, who used explosive charges in plug form consisting of a paper wrapper and gunpowder filling.", "Steak __knowledge__ A steak () is a meat generally sliced across the muscle fibers, potentially including a bone.", "Steak __knowledge__ Exceptions, in which the meat is sliced parallel to the fibers, include the skirt steak that is cut from the plate, the flank steak that is cut from the abdominal muscles, and the famous Silverfinger steak that is cut from the loin and includes three rib bones.", "Steak __knowledge__ When the word \"steak\" is used without qualification, it generally refers to a beefsteak.", "Steak __knowledge__ In a larger sense, there are also fish steaks, ground meat steaks, pork steak and many more varieties of steaks.", "Steak __knowledge__ Steaks are usually grilled, but they can be pan-fried, or broiled.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The Hamburger most likely first appeared in the 19th or early 20th century.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ The modern hamburger was a product of the culinary needs of a society rapidly changing due to industrialization, the emergence of the working class and middle class and the demand for mass-produced, affordable food that could be consumed outside of the home.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Americans contend they were the first to combine two slices of bread and a steak of ground beef into a \"hamburger sandwich\" and sell it.", "History of the hamburger __knowledge__ Part of the controversy over the origin of the hamburger is because the two basic ingredients, bread and beef, were prepared and consumed separately for many years before their combination.", "Beef __knowledge__ Beef is the culinary name for meat from cattle, particularly skeletal muscle.", "Beef __knowledge__ Humans have been eating beef since prehistoric times.", "Beef __knowledge__ Beef is a source of high-quality protein and essential nutrients.", "Beef __knowledge__ Beef skeletal muscle meat can be cut into roasts, short ribs or steak (filet mignon, sirloin steak, rump steak, rib steak, rib eye steak, hanger steak, etc.).", "Beef __knowledge__ Some cuts are processed (corned beef or beef jerky), and trimmings, usually mixed with meat from older, leaner cattle, are ground, minced or used in sausages.", "Beef __knowledge__ The blood is used in some varieties of blood sausage.", "Beef __knowledge__ Other parts that are eaten include other muscles and offal, such as the oxtail, liver, tongue, tripe from the reticulum or rumen, glands (particularly the pancreas and thymus, referred to as sweetbread), the heart, the brain (although forbidden where there is a danger of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, BSE), the kidneys, and the tender testicles of the bull (known in the United States as \"calf fries\", \"prairie oysters\", or \"Rocky Mountain oysters\").", "Shofetim (parsha) __knowledge__ Shofetim or Shoftim ( — Hebrew for \"judges,\" the first word in the parashah) is the 48th weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the fifth in the Book of Deuteronomy.", "Shofetim (parsha) __knowledge__ It constitutes The parashah provides a constitution — a basic societal structure — for the Israelites.", "Shofetim (parsha) __knowledge__ The parashah sets out rules for judges, kings, Levites, prophets, cities of refuge, witnesses, war, and unsolved murder victims.", "Shofetim (parsha) __knowledge__ This parashah has 5590 letters, 1523 words, and 97 verses and can occupy about 192 lines in a sefer Torah.", "Shofetim (parsha) __knowledge__ Jews generally read it in August or September.", "Shofetim (parsha) __knowledge__ In traditional Sabbath Torah reading, the parashah is divided into seven \"aliyot\" or \"readings\" ().", "Steak sandwich __knowledge__ A steak sandwich is a sandwich that is prepared with steak that has been broiled, fried, grilled, barbecued or seared using steel grates or gridirons then served on bread or a roll.", "Steak sandwich __knowledge__ Steak sandwiches are sometimes served with toppings of cheese, onions, mushrooms, peppers, tomatoes, and in some instances fried eggs, coleslaw, and french fries.", "Steak sandwich __knowledge__ According to the Library of Congress, the first steak sandwich sold in the United States was at Louis' Lunch of New Haven, Connecticut.", "Steak sandwich __knowledge__ A cheesesteak, or steak and cheese, is made from thinly sliced pieces of steak and melted cheese in a long roll.", "Steak sandwich __knowledge__ The cheesesteak is one of the favorite foods of the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger, beefburger or burger is a sandwich consisting of one or more cooked patties of ground meat, usually beef, placed inside a sliced bread roll or bun.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The patty may be pan fried, barbecued, or flame broiled.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ Hamburgers are often served with cheese, lettuce, tomato, bacon, onion, pickles, or chiles; condiments such as mustard, mayonnaise, ketchup, relish, or \"special sauce\"; and are frequently placed on sesame seed buns.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ A hamburger topped with cheese is called a cheeseburger.", "Hamburger __knowledge__ The term \"burger\" can also be applied to the meat patty on its own, especially in the UK where the term \"patty\" is rarely used, or the term can even refer simply to ground beef.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ Bereshit, Bereishit, Bereishis, B'reshith, Beresheet, or Bereishees ( – Hebrew for \"in the beginning,\" the first word in the parashah) is the first weekly Torah portion (, \"parashah\") in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ The parashah consists of In the parashah, God creates the world, and Adam and Eve.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ They eat fruit that God had forbidden them, and God expels them from the Garden of Eden.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ One of their sons, Cain, becomes the first murderer, killing his brother Abel out of jealousy.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ Adam, Eve, and Cain are cast out of paradise to East of Eden.", "Bereshit (parsha) __knowledge__ Adam and Eve have other children, whose descendants populate the Earth, but each generation becomes more and more degenerate until God, despairing, decides to destroy humanity.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ Street foods, ready-to-eat food or drink sold in a street or other public place, such as a market or fair, by a hawker or vendor, often from a portable stall, have variations within both regions and cultures.", "Regional street food __knowledge__ For example, Dorling Kindersley describes the street food of Viet Nam as being \"fresh and lighter than many of the cuisines in the area\" and \"draw[ing] heavily on herbs, chile peppers and lime,\" while street food of Thailand is \"fiery\" and \"pungent with shrimp paste... and fish sauce\" with New York City's signature street food being the hot dog, although the offerings in New York also range from \"spicy Middle Eastern falafel or Jamaican jerk chicken to Belgian waffles.\"", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's Corporation () is the world's largest chain of fast food restaurants, serving around 68 million customers daily in 119 countries.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ McDonald's traces its origins to a 1940 restaurant in San Bernardino, California.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ After expanding within the United States, McDonald's became an international corporation in 1967, when it opened a location in Richmond, Canada.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ By the end of the 1970s, McDonald's restaurants existed in five of the Earth's seven continents; an African location came in 1992 in Cape Town,South Africa.", "International availability of McDonald's products __knowledge__ In order to cater to local tastes and culinary traditions, and often in respect of particular laws or religious beliefs, McDonald's offers regionalized versions of its menu among and within different countries.", "Burrito __knowledge__ A burrito (, ) is a dish in Mexican and Tex-Mex cuisine that consists of a large wheat tortilla with various fillings.", "Burrito __knowledge__ It is wrapped into a closed-ended cylinder, in contrast to a taco, where the tortilla is simply folded around the fillings.", "Burrito __knowledge__ The tortilla is sometimes lightly grilled or steamed to soften it, make it more pliable, and allow it to adhere to itself when wrapped.", "Burrito __knowledge__ A wet burrito is covered in sauce and therefore cannot be picked up.", "Burrito __knowledge__ In Mexico, meat and refried beans are frequently the only fillings.", "Burrito __knowledge__ In the United States, however, burrito fillings may include a combination of ingredients such as Mexican-style rice or plain rice, boiled beans or refried beans, lettuce, salsa, meat, guacamole, cheese, sour cream and various vegetables.", "Borscht __knowledge__ Borscht () is a sour soup popular in several Eastern European cuisines, including Ukrainian, Russian, Polish, Belarusian, Lithuanian, Romanian, Ashkenazi Jewish and Armenian cuisines.", "Borscht __knowledge__ The variety most commonly associated with the name in English is of Ukrainian origin and includes beetroots as one of the main ingredients, which gives the dish its distinctive red color.", "Borscht __knowledge__ It shares the name, however, with a wide selection of sour-tasting soups without beetroots, such as sorrel-based green borscht, rye-based white borscht and cabbage borscht.", "Borscht __knowledge__ Borscht derives from an ancient soup originally cooked from pickled stems, leaves and umbels of common hogweed (\"Heracleum sphondylium\"), a herbaceous plant growing in damp meadows, which lent the dish its Slavic name.", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Mexican street food, called \"antojitos\" (literally \"little cravings\"), is prepared by street vendors and at small traditional markets in that country.", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Street foods include tacos, tamales, gorditas, quesadillas, empalmes, tostadas, chalupa, elote, tlayudas, cemita, pambazo, empanada, nachos, chilaquiles，fajita and tortas, as well as fresh fruit, vegetables, beverages and soups (menudo, pozole and pancita).", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Most are available in the morning and the evening, as mid-afternoon is the time for the main formal meal of the day.", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Mexico has one of the most extensive street food cultures in Latin America, and \"Forbes\" named Mexico City as one of the foremost cities on the world in which to eat on the street.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ The Israeli cuisine ( \"ha-mitbach ha-yisra’eli\") comprises local dishes by people native to Israel and dishes brought to Israel by Jews from the Diaspora.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Since before the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, and particularly since the late 1970s, an Israeli Jewish fusion cuisine has developed.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ Israeli cuisine has adopted, and continues to adapt, elements of various styles of Jewish cuisine, particularly the Mizrahi, Sephardic and Ashkenazi styles of cooking.", "Israeli cuisine __knowledge__ It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.", "Russian cuisine __knowledge__ Russian cuisine is a collection of the different cooking traditions of the Russian people.", "Russian cuisine __knowledge__ The cuisine is diverse, with Northern and Eastern European, Caucasian, Central Asian, Siberian, and East Asian influences .", "Russian cuisine __knowledge__ Russian cuisine derives its varied character from the vast and multi-ethnic expanse of Russia.", "Russian cuisine __knowledge__ Moreover, it is necessary to divide Russian traditional cuisine and Soviet cuisine, which has its own peculiarity.", "Russian cuisine __knowledge__ Its foundations were laid by the peasant food of the rural population in an often harsh climate, with a combination of plentiful fish, pork, poultry, caviar, mushrooms, berries, and honey." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Taco __knowledge__ A taco is a traditional Mexican dish composed of a corn or wheat tortilla folded or rolled around a filling.", "Taco __knowledge__ A taco can be made with a variety of fillings, including beef, pork, chicken, seafood, vegetables, and cheese, allowing for great versatility and variety.", "Taco __knowledge__ A taco is generally eaten without utensils and is often accompanied by garnishes such as salsa, chili pepper, avocado, guacamole, cilantro (coriander), tomatoes, onions, and lettuce.", "Taco __knowledge__ The origins of the taco are not precisely known, and etymologies for the culinary usage of the word are generally theoretical.", "Taco __knowledge__ According to the Real Academia Española, publisher of \"Diccionario de la Lengua Española\", the word \"taco\" describes a typical Mexican dish of a maize tortilla folded around food.", "Taco __knowledge__ This meaning of the Spanish word \"taco\" is a Mexican innovation, but in other dialects \"taco\" is used to mean \"wedge; wad, plug; billiard cue; blowpipe; ramrod; short, stocky person; [or] short, thick piece of wood.\"", "Taco __knowledge__ As used in this non-culinary way, the word \"taco\" has cognates in other European languages, including the French word \"tache\" and the English word \"tack (nail).\"", "Taco __knowledge__ According to one etymological theory, the culinary meaning of \"taco\" derives from its \"plug\" meaning as employed among Mexican silver miners, who used explosive charges in plug form consisting of a paper wrapper and gunpowder filling.", "Chipotle Mexican Grill __knowledge__ Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc. () is an American chain of fast casual restaurants in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, and France, specializing in tacos and Mission-style burritos.", "Chipotle Mexican Grill __knowledge__ Its name derives from \"chipotle\", the Nahuatl name for a smoked and dried jalapeño chili pepper.", "Chipotle Mexican Grill __knowledge__ The company trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol CMG.", "Chipotle Mexican Grill __knowledge__ Chipotle is one of the first chains of fast casual dining establishments.", "Chipotle Mexican Grill __knowledge__ Competitors in the fast-casual Mexican market include Qdoba Mexican Grill, Moe's Southwest Grill, Rubio's Coastal Grill, Pancheros Mexican Grill, Freebirds World Burrito, and Baja Fresh.", "Cheeses of Mexico __knowledge__ Cheeses in Mexico have a history that begins with the Spanish conquest, as dairy products were unknown in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica.", "Cheeses of Mexico __knowledge__ The Spanish brought dairy animals, such as cattle, sheep, and goats, as well as cheesemaking techniques.", "Cheeses of Mexico __knowledge__ Over the colonial period, cheesemaking was modified to suit the mixed European and indigenous tastes of the inhabitants of New Spain, varying by region.", "Cheeses of Mexico __knowledge__ This blending and variations have given rise to a number of varieties of Mexican cheeses.", "Cheeses of Mexico __knowledge__ These are most popular in the country, although European cheeses are made, as well.", "Cheeses of Mexico __knowledge__ Almost all cheese in Mexico is made with cows’ milk, with some made from goats’ milk.", "Burrito __knowledge__ A burrito (, ) is a dish in Mexican and Tex-Mex cuisine that consists of a large wheat tortilla with various fillings.", "Burrito __knowledge__ It is wrapped into a closed-ended cylinder, in contrast to a taco, where the tortilla is simply folded around the fillings.", "Burrito __knowledge__ The tortilla is sometimes lightly grilled or steamed to soften it, make it more pliable, and allow it to adhere to itself when wrapped.", "Burrito __knowledge__ A wet burrito is covered in sauce and therefore cannot be picked up.", "Burrito __knowledge__ In Mexico, meat and refried beans are frequently the only fillings.", "Burrito __knowledge__ In the United States, however, burrito fillings may include a combination of ingredients such as Mexican-style rice or plain rice, boiled beans or refried beans, lettuce, salsa, meat, guacamole, cheese, sour cream and various vegetables.", "Mission burrito __knowledge__ A Mission burrito (also known as a San Francisco burrito or a Mission-style burrito) is a type of burrito that first became popular during the 1960s in the Mission District of San Francisco, California.", "Mission burrito __knowledge__ It is distinguished from other burritos by its large size and inclusion of extra rice and other ingredients.", "Mission burrito __knowledge__ A key method to the burritos' construction is to steam the wheat flour tortilla to increase its flexibility prior to adding the other ingredients, although that is not a requirement and burritos may be grilled instead.", "Mission burrito __knowledge__ It has been referred to as one of three major styles of burritos in the United States, following the earlier, simple burrito consisting of beans, rice, and meat.", "Qdoba __knowledge__ Qdoba Mexican Eats ( ), is a chain of fast casual restaurants in the United States and Canada serving Mexican-style cuisine.", "Qdoba __knowledge__ The company operated as a wholly owned subsidiary of Jack in the Box after its purchase from ACI Capital, Western Growth Capital, and other private investors in 2003.", "Qdoba __knowledge__ In December 2017, a consortium of funds led by Apollo Global Management announced the purchase of the Qdoba chain for approximately $305 million.", "Qdoba __knowledge__ At the time of the announcement, Qdoba had approximately 700 restaurants in 47 states.", "Qdoba __knowledge__ This chain traces its origins to the opening of the Zuma Fresh Mexican Grill in 1995 by Colorado native Anthony Miller and partner Robert Hauser at Grant Street and Sixth Avenue in Denver which is still in operation.", "Chile con queso __knowledge__ Chile con queso (Spanish for \"chile with cheese\"), sometimes described simply as queso, is an appetizer or side dish of melted cheese, or more usually, a pasteurised processed cheese food product such as Velveeta, and chili pepper typically served in Tex-Mex restaurants as a dip for tortilla chips.", "Chile con queso __knowledge__ Chile con queso (also spelled chili con queso) is a part of Tex-Mex and Southwestern cuisine, originating in the northern Mexican state of Chihuahua as a version of Queso chihuahua and Queso flameado.", "Chile con queso __knowledge__ Chile con queso is predominantly found on the menus of Tex-Mex restaurants in Texas and other U.S. states.", "Ian Tayao __knowledge__ Ian Irving Vega Tayao is a Filipino musician, producer, and skateboarder, known for fronting the bands Queso (formerly Cheese), Wilabaliw, and Armalite.", "Ian Tayao __knowledge__ Hailed as one of the Philippines' \"Three Kings of Slam\" (along with Greyhoundz's Reg Rubio and Slapshock's Jamir Garcia), he is well-known for his aggressive yet experimental musicianship.", "Ian Tayao __knowledge__ 1994, Queso started out using the name Cheese.", "Ian Tayao __knowledge__ It all began as something to do after classes.", "Ian Tayao __knowledge__ Enzo Ruidera, Tuts Calinawan and Pow Rosal were schoolmates and decided to form a band.", "Ian Tayao __knowledge__ Eventually things got serious and they were winning battle of bands.", "Ian Tayao __knowledge__ The kids thought this might lead somewhere and eventually got Tayao, cousin of Pow Rosal to do vocal duties at the time both parties were starting to write original songs.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ Taco Bell is an American chain of fast food restaurants based out of Irvine, California and a subsidiary of Yum!", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ Brands, Inc.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ The restaurants serve a variety of Tex-Mex foods that include tacos, burritos, quesadillas, nachos, novelty and specialty items, and a variety of \"value menu\" items.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ , Taco Bell serves more than 2 billion customers each year at 7,000 restaurants, more than 80 percent of which are owned and operated by independent franchisees and licensees.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ Taco Bell was founded by Glen Bell, who first opened a hot dog stand called Bell's Drive-In in San Bernardino, California in 1946 when he was 23 years old.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ Mexican cuisine began 9,000 years ago, 7,000 BCE, when agricultural communities such as the Maya formed, domesticating maize, creating the standard process of corn nixtamalization, and establishing their foodways.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ Successive waves of other Mesoamerican groups, including the Olmec, Teotihuacanos, Toltec, Huastec, Zapotec, Mixtec, Otomi, and Purépecha, brought with them their own cooking methods.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ The Mexica establishment of the Aztec Empire created a multi-ethnic society where many different foodways became infused.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ The staples are native foods, such as corn, beans, squash, amaranth, chia, avocados, tomatoes, tomatillos, chocolate, vanilla, agave, turkey, sweet potato, cactus, and chili pepper.", "Don Chow Tacos __knowledge__ Don Chow Tacos is a Chinese-Mexican fusion food truck based in Los Angeles, California.", "Don Chow Tacos __knowledge__ A veteran in the food truck industry, Don Chow was founded on April 22, 2009 by Dominic Lau and Lawrence Lie.", "Don Chow Tacos __knowledge__ Their motto, “Where Chino meets Latino”, represents the pair’s Chinese heritage, (represented by the truck’s logo, a depiction of the traditional Chinese guardian lion), and the Hispanic influences that had been constant in their lives as they grew up in LA.", "Don Chow Tacos __knowledge__ Don Chow Tacos ceased operations on February 16, 2015.", "Don Chow Tacos __knowledge__ Don Chow has appeared on the Food Network's \"Diners, Drive-Ins and Dives\", as well NBC and KTLA.", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Mexican street food, called \"antojitos\" (literally \"little cravings\"), is prepared by street vendors and at small traditional markets in that country.", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Street foods include tacos, tamales, gorditas, quesadillas, empalmes, tostadas, chalupa, elote, tlayudas, cemita, pambazo, empanada, nachos, chilaquiles，fajita and tortas, as well as fresh fruit, vegetables, beverages and soups (menudo, pozole and pancita).", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Most are available in the morning and the evening, as mid-afternoon is the time for the main formal meal of the day.", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Mexico has one of the most extensive street food cultures in Latin America, and \"Forbes\" named Mexico City as one of the foremost cities on the world in which to eat on the street." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Taco __knowledge__ A taco is a traditional Mexican dish composed of a corn or wheat tortilla folded or rolled around a filling.", "Taco __knowledge__ A taco can be made with a variety of fillings, including beef, pork, chicken, seafood, vegetables, and cheese, allowing for great versatility and variety.", "Taco __knowledge__ A taco is generally eaten without utensils and is often accompanied by garnishes such as salsa, chili pepper, avocado, guacamole, cilantro (coriander), tomatoes, onions, and lettuce.", "Taco __knowledge__ The origins of the taco are not precisely known, and etymologies for the culinary usage of the word are generally theoretical.", "Taco __knowledge__ According to the Real Academia Española, publisher of \"Diccionario de la Lengua Española\", the word \"taco\" describes a typical Mexican dish of a maize tortilla folded around food.", "Taco __knowledge__ This meaning of the Spanish word \"taco\" is a Mexican innovation, but in other dialects \"taco\" is used to mean \"wedge; wad, plug; billiard cue; blowpipe; ramrod; short, stocky person; [or] short, thick piece of wood.\"", "Taco __knowledge__ As used in this non-culinary way, the word \"taco\" has cognates in other European languages, including the French word \"tache\" and the English word \"tack (nail).\"", "Taco __knowledge__ According to one etymological theory, the culinary meaning of \"taco\" derives from its \"plug\" meaning as employed among Mexican silver miners, who used explosive charges in plug form consisting of a paper wrapper and gunpowder filling.", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Mexican street food, called \"antojitos\" (literally \"little cravings\"), is prepared by street vendors and at small traditional markets in that country.", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Street foods include tacos, tamales, gorditas, quesadillas, empalmes, tostadas, chalupa, elote, tlayudas, cemita, pambazo, empanada, nachos, chilaquiles，fajita and tortas, as well as fresh fruit, vegetables, beverages and soups (menudo, pozole and pancita).", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Most are available in the morning and the evening, as mid-afternoon is the time for the main formal meal of the day.", "Mexican street food __knowledge__ Mexico has one of the most extensive street food cultures in Latin America, and \"Forbes\" named Mexico City as one of the foremost cities on the world in which to eat on the street.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ Mexican cuisine began 9,000 years ago, 7,000 BCE, when agricultural communities such as the Maya formed, domesticating maize, creating the standard process of corn nixtamalization, and establishing their foodways.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ Successive waves of other Mesoamerican groups, including the Olmec, Teotihuacanos, Toltec, Huastec, Zapotec, Mixtec, Otomi, and Purépecha, brought with them their own cooking methods.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ The Mexica establishment of the Aztec Empire created a multi-ethnic society where many different foodways became infused.", "Mexican cuisine __knowledge__ The staples are native foods, such as corn, beans, squash, amaranth, chia, avocados, tomatoes, tomatillos, chocolate, vanilla, agave, turkey, sweet potato, cactus, and chili pepper.", "Taco stand __knowledge__ A taco stand or taqueria is a food stall, food cart or restaurant that specializes in tacos and other Mexican dishes.", "Taco stand __knowledge__ The food is typically prepared quickly and tends to be inexpensive.", "Taco stand __knowledge__ Many various ingredients may be used, and various taco styles may be served.", "Taco stand __knowledge__ Taco stands are an integral part of Mexican street food.", "Taco stand __knowledge__ Tacos became a part of traditional Mexican cuisine in the early 20th Century, beginning in Mexico City, as what had been a miner's snack began to be sold on street corners in the city.", "Taco stand __knowledge__ Shops selling tacos have since proliferated throughout Mexico and other areas with a heavy Mexican culinary and cultural influence, including much of the Western United States and most other larger American cities.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ Taco Bell is an American chain of fast food restaurants based out of Irvine, California and a subsidiary of Yum!", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ Brands, Inc.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ The restaurants serve a variety of Tex-Mex foods that include tacos, burritos, quesadillas, nachos, novelty and specialty items, and a variety of \"value menu\" items.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ , Taco Bell serves more than 2 billion customers each year at 7,000 restaurants, more than 80 percent of which are owned and operated by independent franchisees and licensees.", "Taco Bell __knowledge__ Taco Bell was founded by Glen Bell, who first opened a hot dog stand called Bell's Drive-In in San Bernardino, California in 1946 when he was 23 years old.", "Don Chow Tacos __knowledge__ Don Chow Tacos is a Chinese-Mexican fusion food truck based in Los Angeles, California.", "Don Chow Tacos __knowledge__ A veteran in the food truck industry, Don Chow was founded on April 22, 2009 by Dominic Lau and Lawrence Lie.", "Don Chow Tacos __knowledge__ Their motto, “Where Chino meets Latino”, represents the pair’s Chinese heritage, (represented by the truck’s logo, a depiction of the traditional Chinese guardian lion), and the Hispanic influences that had been constant in their lives as they grew up in LA.", "Don Chow Tacos __knowledge__ Don Chow Tacos ceased operations on February 16, 2015.", "Don Chow Tacos __knowledge__ Don Chow has appeared on the Food Network's \"Diners, Drive-Ins and Dives\", as well NBC and KTLA.", "Chico's Tacos __knowledge__ Chico's Tacos is a small local restaurant chain based in El Paso, Texas.", "Chico's Tacos __knowledge__ It was founded on July 4, 1953 by local boxing promoter Joe Mora.", "Chico's Tacos __knowledge__ Long considered a local institution in El Paso, it is perhaps the city's best-known restaurant, having been featured in the Food Network show, \"The Best Thing I Ever Ate\".", "Chico's Tacos __knowledge__ It was also a topic of the Gabriel Iglesias stand up act, \"I'm not Fat...", "Chico's Tacos __knowledge__ I'm Fluffy\".", "Chico's Tacos __knowledge__ Chico's has entered into local legend for its rolled tacos in a special tomato soup-like sauce, as well as its low prices.", "Chico's Tacos __knowledge__ Other items on the menu include hamburgers, French fries, grilled cheese sandwiches (or as Chicos Tacos employees often refer to them as \"grillos\"), and special round hot dogs served on hamburger buns.", "Burrito __knowledge__ A burrito (, ) is a dish in Mexican and Tex-Mex cuisine that consists of a large wheat tortilla with various fillings.", "Burrito __knowledge__ It is wrapped into a closed-ended cylinder, in contrast to a taco, where the tortilla is simply folded around the fillings.", "Burrito __knowledge__ The tortilla is sometimes lightly grilled or steamed to soften it, make it more pliable, and allow it to adhere to itself when wrapped.", "Burrito __knowledge__ A wet burrito is covered in sauce and therefore cannot be picked up.", "Burrito __knowledge__ In Mexico, meat and refried beans are frequently the only fillings.", "Burrito __knowledge__ In the United States, however, burrito fillings may include a combination of ingredients such as Mexican-style rice or plain rice, boiled beans or refried beans, lettuce, salsa, meat, guacamole, cheese, sour cream and various vegetables.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Latin American cuisine is the typical foods, beverages, and cooking styles common to many of the countries and cultures in Latin America.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Latin America is a highly diverse area of land that holds various cuisines that vary from nation to nation.", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ Some items typical of Latin American cuisine include maize-based dishes arepas, pupusas, tacos, tamales, tortillas and various salsas and other condiments (guacamole, pico de gallo, mole, chimichurri, chili, aji, pebre).", "Latin American cuisine __knowledge__ These spices are generally what give the Latin American cuisines a distinct flavor; yet, each country of Latin America tends to use a different spice and those that share spices tend to use them at different quantities.", "Corn burrito __knowledge__ A corn burrito is a Mexican-style dish consisting of a small rolled-up corn tortilla filled with refried beans.", "Corn burrito __knowledge__ The filled tortilla is typically deep-fried, then topped with hot sauce and cheese.", "Corn burrito __knowledge__ A corn burrito is essentially the same thing as a taquito, the difference being that taquitos are typically filled with meat, whereas a corn burrito is always filled with refried beans.", "Corn burrito __knowledge__ Corn burritos are usually topped with cheese, lightly salted, and served with a mild red sauce, sour cream, or guacamole.", "Corn burrito __knowledge__ Traditional sauce is a base of tomato and water with 1/3 onion and yellow pepper all blended together, salted to taste.", "Chorizo __knowledge__ Chorizo ( or , from Spanish; or ) or Chouriço (from Portuguese) is a type of pork sausage.", "Chorizo __knowledge__ Traditionally, it uses natural casings made from intestines, a method used since Roman times.", "Chorizo __knowledge__ In Europe, chorizo is a fermented, cured, smoked sausage, which may be sliced and eaten without cooking, or added as an ingredient to add flavor to other dishes.", "Chorizo __knowledge__ Elsewhere, some sausages sold as chorizo may not be fermented and cured, and require cooking before eating.", "Chorizo __knowledge__ Spanish chorizo and Portuguese chouriço get their distinctive smokiness and deep red color from dried, smoked, red peppers (\"pimentón\"/\"pimentão\").", "Chipotle Mexican Grill __knowledge__ Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc. () is an American chain of fast casual restaurants in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, and France, specializing in tacos and Mission-style burritos.", "Chipotle Mexican Grill __knowledge__ Its name derives from \"chipotle\", the Nahuatl name for a smoked and dried jalapeño chili pepper.", "Chipotle Mexican Grill __knowledge__ The company trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol CMG.", "Chipotle Mexican Grill __knowledge__ Chipotle is one of the first chains of fast casual dining establishments.", "Chipotle Mexican Grill __knowledge__ Competitors in the fast-casual Mexican market include Qdoba Mexican Grill, Moe's Southwest Grill, Rubio's Coastal Grill, Pancheros Mexican Grill, Freebirds World Burrito, and Baja Fresh.", "Tamale __knowledge__ A tamale (, ) is a traditional Mesoamerican dish made of masa or dough (starchy, and usually corn-based), which is steamed in a corn husk or banana leaf.", "Tamale __knowledge__ The wrapping is discarded before eating.", "Tamale __knowledge__ Tamales can be filled with meats, cheeses, fruits, vegetables, chilies or any preparation according to taste, and both the filling and the cooking liquid may be seasoned.", "Tamale __knowledge__ Tamales originated in Mesoamerica as early as 8000 to 5000 BC.", "Tamale __knowledge__ As making tamales is a simple method of cooking corn, it may have been brought from Mexico to Central and South America.", "Tamale __knowledge__ However, according to archaeologists Karl Taube, William Saturn and David Stuart the tamales date from the year 100 AD." ] ]

[ 2, 55, 24, 16 ]

[ "I love tacos too! My favorite fillings are beef, cheese, lettuce, sour cream, and tomatoes. ", "How do you feel about burritos? They are similar to tacos, but it's wrapped instead.", "Queso is really nice with burritos. I like burritos with meat filling, but I don't really like refried beans, which is how they eat it in Mexico.", "It's a popular food in Mexico, but its origins are actually unknown. The staples are foods like corn, beans, avocados, tomatillos, and chili peppers." ]

[ "Taco", "Taco", "Taco", "Taco" ]

[ "Virginia", "Really? There must be some beautiful scenery in that area. What is the capitol of Virginia? I can never remember.", "That's interesting. Do they have a state bird or animal?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Virginia __knowledge__ Virginia (; officially the Commonwealth of Virginia) is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States located between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains.", "Virginia __knowledge__ Virginia is nicknamed the \"Old Dominion\" due to its status as the first English colonial possession established in mainland North America, and \"Mother of Presidents\" because eight U.S. presidents were born there, more than any other state.", "Virginia __knowledge__ The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna.", "Virginia __knowledge__ The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond; Virginia Beach is the most populous city, and Fairfax County is the most populous political subdivision.", "Virginia __knowledge__ The Commonwealth's estimated population is over 8.4 million.", "Virginia __knowledge__ The area's history begins with several indigenous groups, including the Powhatan.", "Virginia __knowledge__ In 1607 the London Company established the Colony of Virginia as the first permanent New World English colony.", "Virginia __knowledge__ Slave labor and the land acquired from displaced Native American tribes each played a significant role in the colony's early politics and plantation economy.", "Virginia __knowledge__ Virginia was one of the 13 Colonies in the American Revolution and joined the Confederacy in the American Civil War, during which Richmond was made the Confederate capital and Virginia's northwestern counties seceded to form the state of West Virginia." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Virginia __knowledge__ Virginia (; officially the Commonwealth of Virginia) is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States located between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains.", "Virginia __knowledge__ Virginia is nicknamed the \"Old Dominion\" due to its status as the first English colonial possession established in mainland North America, and \"Mother of Presidents\" because eight U.S. presidents were born there, more than any other state.", "Virginia __knowledge__ The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna.", "Virginia __knowledge__ The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond; Virginia Beach is the most populous city, and Fairfax County is the most populous political subdivision.", "Virginia __knowledge__ The Commonwealth's estimated population is over 8.4 million.", "Virginia __knowledge__ The area's history begins with several indigenous groups, including the Powhatan.", "Virginia __knowledge__ In 1607 the London Company established the Colony of Virginia as the first permanent New World English colony.", "Virginia __knowledge__ Slave labor and the land acquired from displaced Native American tribes each played a significant role in the colony's early politics and plantation economy.", "Virginia __knowledge__ Virginia was one of the 13 Colonies in the American Revolution and joined the Confederacy in the American Civil War, during which Richmond was made the Confederate capital and Virginia's northwestern counties seceded to form the state of West Virginia.", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters appearing in the animated series \"Kim Possible\".", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ Kimberly Ann \"Kim\" Possible is a crime fighter and high school cheerleading captain who saves the world on a regular basis while dealing with the normal challenges of being a teenager, such as winning cheer competitions, turning in her homework on time, and maintaining a love life.", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ Her name is a play on the word \"impossible.\"", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ Kim has known Ron Stoppable, her sidekick for most missions, since preschool.", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ She has also completed missions with Wade, Monique, her brothers, and even her mother.", "List of Kim Possible characters __knowledge__ In season four, Kim and Ron end up developing romantic feelings for each other and begin dating during their senior year.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "Second inauguration of Barack Obama __knowledge__ The second inauguration of Barack Obama as President of the United States, marked the commencement of the second term of Barack Obama as President and Joe Biden as Vice President.", "Second inauguration of Barack Obama __knowledge__ A private swearing-in ceremony took place on Sunday, January 20, 2013 in the Blue Room of the White House.", "Second inauguration of Barack Obama __knowledge__ A public inauguration ceremony took place on Monday, January 21, 2013, at the United States Capitol building.", "Second inauguration of Barack Obama __knowledge__ The inauguration theme was \"Faith in America's Future\", a phrase that draws upon the 150th anniversary of Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation and the completion of the Capitol dome in 1863.", "Second inauguration of Barack Obama __knowledge__ The theme also stressed the \"perseverance and unity\" of the United States and echoed the \"Forward\" theme used in the closing months of Obama's reelection campaign.", "Andy Russell (singer) __knowledge__ Andy Russell (born Andrés Rábago; September 16, 1919 – April 16, 1992) was an American popular vocalist, actor, and entertainer of Mexican descent, specializing in traditional pop and Latin music.", "Andy Russell (singer) __knowledge__ He sold 8 million records in the 1940s singing in a romantic, baritone voice and in his trademark bilingual English and Spanish style.", "Andy Russell (singer) __knowledge__ He had chart-busters, such as \"Bésame Mucho,\" \"Amor,\" and \"What a Diff'rence a Day Made.\"", "Andy Russell (singer) __knowledge__ He also made personal appearances and performed on radio programs, most notably \"Your Hit Parade\", in several movies, and on television.", "Andy Russell (singer) __knowledge__ During this initial phase of his career, his popularity in the United States rivaled that of crooners Frank Sinatra and Perry Como.", "Fictional world of The Hunger Games __knowledge__ \"The Hunger Games\" universe is a fictional world appearing in \"The Hunger Games\" trilogy written by Suzanne Collins.", "Fictional world of The Hunger Games __knowledge__ It consists primarily of the fictional nation of Panem, its Capitol where the totalitarian government resides, and the outlying districts, numbered 1 to 12, each with a different economy.", "Fictional world of The Hunger Games __knowledge__ In addition, there is the secretive District 13, where a rebel force is building strength.", "Fictional world of The Hunger Games __knowledge__ The Hunger Games themselves are an annual event in which children from the districts, selected through a process called \"reaping\", are forced to participate in a battle to the death.", "Fictional world of The Hunger Games __knowledge__ The universe also contains fictional flora and fauna, such as the Mockingjay, a bird whose mimicry is used as a plot device, and after whom the third book in the series is named.", "Madison, Wisconsin __knowledge__ Madison is the capital of the U.S. state of Wisconsin and the seat of Dane County.", "Madison, Wisconsin __knowledge__ As of July 1, 2016, Madison's estimated population of 252,551 made it the second-largest city in Wisconsin, after Milwaukee, and the 82nd-largest in the United States.", "Madison, Wisconsin __knowledge__ The city forms the core of the United States Census Bureau's Madison Metropolitan Statistical Area, which includes Dane County and neighboring Iowa, Green, and Columbia counties.", "Madison, Wisconsin __knowledge__ The Madison Metropolitan Statistical Area's 2010 population was 568,593.", "Madison, Wisconsin __knowledge__ Founded in 1829 on an isthmus between Lake Monona and Lake Mendota, Madison was named the capital of the Wisconsin Territory in 1836 and became the capital of the state of Wisconsin when it was admitted to the Union in 1848.", "War Horse (film) __knowledge__ War Horse is a 2011 American war drama film directed and co-produced by Steven Spielberg from a screenplay written by Lee Hall and Richard Curtis, based on English author Michael Morpurgo's 1982 novel of the same name and its 2007 play adaptation.", "War Horse (film) __knowledge__ The film's ensemble cast includes Jeremy Irvine (in his film acting debut), Emily Watson, David Thewlis, Tom Hiddleston, Benedict Cumberbatch, Eddie Marsan, Niels Arestrup, Toby Kebbell, David Kross, and Peter Mullan.", "War Horse (film) __knowledge__ Set before and during World War I, it tells of the journey of Joey, a bay Thoroughbred horse raised by British teenager Albert (Irvine), as he is bought by the British Army, leading him to encounter numerous individuals and owners throughout Europe, all the while experiencing the tragedies of the war happening around him.", "Appalachian Mountains __knowledge__ The Appalachian Mountains (; ), often called the Appalachians, are a system of mountains in eastern North America.", "Appalachian Mountains __knowledge__ The Appalachians first formed roughly 480 million years ago during the Ordovician Period.", "Appalachian Mountains __knowledge__ They once reached elevations similar to those of the Alps and the Rocky Mountains before naturally occurring erosion.", "Appalachian Mountains __knowledge__ The Appalachian chain is a barrier to east-west travel, as it forms a series of alternating ridgelines and valleys oriented in opposition to most roads running east or west.", "Appalachian Mountains __knowledge__ Definitions vary on the precise boundaries of the Appalachians.", "Appalachian Mountains __knowledge__ The United States Geological Survey (USGS) defines the \"Appalachian Highlands\" physiographic division as consisting of thirteen provinces: the Atlantic Coast Uplands, Eastern Newfoundland Atlantic, Maritime Acadian Highlands, Maritime Plain, Notre Dame and Mégantic Mountains, Western Newfoundland Mountains, Piedmont, Blue Ridge, Valley and Ridge, Saint Lawrence Valley, Appalachian Plateaus, New England province, and the Adirondack provinces.", "Appalachia __knowledge__ Appalachia () is a cultural region in the Eastern United States that stretches from the Southern Tier of New York to northern Alabama, Mississippi and Georgia.", "Appalachia __knowledge__ While the Appalachian Mountains stretch from Belle Isle (Newfoundland and Labrador) in Canada to Cheaha Mountain in Alabama, the cultural region of Appalachia typically refers only to the central and southern portions of the range.", "Appalachia __knowledge__ As of the 2010 United States Census, the region was home to approximately 25 million people.", "Appalachia __knowledge__ Since its recognition as a distinctive region in the late 19th century, Appalachia has been a source of enduring myths and distortions regarding the isolation, temperament, and behavior of its inhabitants.", "North Carolina __knowledge__ North Carolina () is a state in the southeastern region of the United States.", "North Carolina __knowledge__ It borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west, Virginia to the north, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east.", "North Carolina __knowledge__ North Carolina is the 28th most extensive and the 9th most populous of the U.S. states.", "North Carolina __knowledge__ The state is divided into 100 counties.", "North Carolina __knowledge__ The capital is Raleigh, which along with Durham is home to the largest research park in the United States (Research Triangle Park).", "North Carolina __knowledge__ The most populous municipality is Charlotte, which is the third largest banking center in the United States after New York City and San Francisco.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, generally known as the Appalachian Trail or simply the A.T., is a marked hiking trail in the Eastern United States extending between Springer Mountain in Georgia and Mount Katahdin in Maine.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The trail is estimated around 2,200 miles (3,500 km) long, though the exact length changes over time as parts are modified or rerouted.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The Appalachian Trail Conservancy claims that the Appalachian Trail is the longest hiking-only trail in the world.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ More than 2 million people are said to take a hike on part of the trail at least once each year.", "Appalachian Trail __knowledge__ The idea of the Appalachian Trail came about in 1921.", "Geography of the United States __knowledge__ The term \"United States\", when used in the geographical sense, is the contiguous United States, the state of Alaska, the island state of Hawaii, the five insular territories of Puerto Rico, Northern Mariana Islands, U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, and American Samoa, and minor outlying possessions.", "Geography of the United States __knowledge__ The United States shares land borders with Canada and Mexico and maritime borders with Russia, Cuba, and the Bahamas in addition to Canada and Mexico.", "Geography of the United States __knowledge__ The United States's northern border with Canada is the world's longest bi-national land border!", "Geography of the United States __knowledge__ From 1989 through 1996, the total area of the US was listed as (land + inland water only).", "West Virginia __knowledge__ West Virginia is a state located in the Appalachian region of the Southern United States.", "West Virginia __knowledge__ It is bordered by Virginia to the southeast, Kentucky to the southwest, Ohio to the northwest, Pennsylvania to the north (and, slightly, east), and Maryland to the northeast.", "West Virginia __knowledge__ West Virginia is the 10th smallest by area, is ranked 38th in population, and has the fourth-lowest household income of the United States.", "West Virginia __knowledge__ The capital and largest city is Charleston.", "West Virginia __knowledge__ West Virginia became a state following the Wheeling Conventions of 1861, after the American Civil War had begun.", "West Virginia __knowledge__ Delegates from some Unionist counties of northwestern Virginia decided to break away from Virginia, although they included many secessionist counties in the new state." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Virginia __knowledge__ Virginia (; officially the Commonwealth of Virginia) is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States located between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains.", "Virginia __knowledge__ Virginia is nicknamed the \"Old Dominion\" due to its status as the first English colonial possession established in mainland North America, and \"Mother of Presidents\" because eight U.S. presidents were born there, more than any other state.", "Virginia __knowledge__ The geography and climate of the Commonwealth are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna.", "Virginia __knowledge__ The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond; Virginia Beach is the most populous city, and Fairfax County is the most populous political subdivision.", "Virginia __knowledge__ The Commonwealth's estimated population is over 8.4 million.", "Virginia __knowledge__ The area's history begins with several indigenous groups, including the Powhatan.", "Virginia __knowledge__ In 1607 the London Company established the Colony of Virginia as the first permanent New World English colony.", "Virginia __knowledge__ Slave labor and the land acquired from displaced Native American tribes each played a significant role in the colony's early politics and plantation economy.", "Virginia __knowledge__ Virginia was one of the 13 Colonies in the American Revolution and joined the Confederacy in the American Civil War, during which Richmond was made the Confederate capital and Virginia's northwestern counties seceded to form the state of West Virginia.", "International Bird Rescue __knowledge__ International Bird Rescue is a non-profit organization that rehabilitates injured aquatic birds, most notably seabirds affected by oil spills.", "International Bird Rescue __knowledge__ Founded by Alice Berkner in 1971 and based in Cordelia, California, the group has developed scientifically-based bird rehabilitation techniques and has led oiled wildlife rescue efforts in more than 200 oil spills worldwide, including the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill in Prince William Sound, Alaska, and the 2010 \"Deepwater Horizon\" oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, where International Bird Rescue co-managed oiled bird rehabilitation efforts in four states with Tri-State Bird Rescue and Research.", "Tri-State Bird Rescue and Research __knowledge__ Tri-State Bird Rescue and Research, Inc. is a nonprofit conservation organization located in Newark, Delaware, dedicated to indigenous wild bird rehabilitation, especially rehabilitation efforts related to oil spills.", "Tri-State Bird Rescue and Research __knowledge__ It is notable for its research and rehabilitation efforts concerning wildlife affected by oil spills, which have been international in scope.", "Tri-State Bird Rescue and Research __knowledge__ Tri-State Bird Rescue and Research was established in the winter of 1976 after the Liberian oil tanker \"Olympic Games\" ran aground in the Delaware River.", "Tri-State Bird Rescue and Research __knowledge__ The original focus of the organization concerned the study, treatment, and development of methods to remove oil from wildfowl in the case of a future oil spill.", "Carolina wren __knowledge__ The Carolina wren (\"Thryothorus ludovicianus\") is a common species of wren that is a resident in the eastern half of the United States of America, the extreme south of Ontario, Canada, and the extreme northeast of Mexico.", "Carolina wren __knowledge__ Severe winters restrict the northern limits of their range while favorable weather conditions lead to a northward extension of their breeding range.", "Carolina wren __knowledge__ Their preferred habitat is in dense cover in forests, farm edges and suburban areas.", "Carolina wren __knowledge__ This wren is the state bird of South Carolina.", "Carolina wren __knowledge__ There are seven recognized subspecies across the range of these wrens and they differ slightly in song and appearance.", "Northern mockingbird __knowledge__ The northern mockingbird (\"Mimus polyglottos\") is the only mockingbird commonly found in North America.", "Northern mockingbird __knowledge__ This bird is mainly a permanent resident, but northern birds may move south during harsh weather.", "Northern mockingbird __knowledge__ This species has rarely been observed in Europe.", "Northern mockingbird __knowledge__ This species was first described by Linnaeus in his \"Systema Naturæ\" in 1758 as \"Turdus polyglottos.\"", "Northern mockingbird __knowledge__ The northern mockingbird is known for its mimicking ability, as reflected by the meaning of its scientific name, 'many-tongued mimic.'", "Northern mockingbird __knowledge__ The northern mockingbird has gray to brown upper feathers and a paler belly.", "Northern mockingbird __knowledge__ Its tail and wings have white patches which are visible in flight.", "Florida scrub jay __knowledge__ The Florida scrub jay (\"Aphelocoma coerulescens\") is one of the species of scrub jay native to North America.", "Florida scrub jay __knowledge__ It is the only species of bird endemic to the U.S. state of Florida and one of only 15 species endemic to the continental United States.", "Florida scrub jay __knowledge__ Because of this, it is heavily sought by birders who travel from across the country to observe this unique species.", "Florida scrub jay __knowledge__ It is known to have been present in Florida as a distinct species for at least 2 million years, and is possibly derived from the ancestors of Woodhouse's scrub jay.", "Florida scrub jay __knowledge__ It measures in length, and weighs from , with an average .", "Florida scrub jay __knowledge__ The wingspan of the jay is .", "Brown thrasher __knowledge__ The brown thrasher (\"Toxostoma rufum\") is a bird in the family Mimidae, which also includes the New World catbirds and mockingbirds.", "Brown thrasher __knowledge__ The dispersal of the brown thrasher is abundant throughout the eastern and central United States, southern and central Canada, and is the only thrasher to live primarily east of the Rockies and central Texas.", "Brown thrasher __knowledge__ It is the state bird of Georgia.", "Brown thrasher __knowledge__ As a member of the genus \"Toxostoma\", the bird is a large-sized thrasher.", "Brown thrasher __knowledge__ It has brown upper parts with a white under part with dark streaks.", "Brown thrasher __knowledge__ Because of this, it is often confused with the smaller wood thrush (\"Hylocichla mustelina\"), among other species.", "American robin __knowledge__ The American robin (\"Turdus migratorius\") is a migratory songbird of the true thrush genus and Turdidae, the wider thrush family.", "American robin __knowledge__ It is named after the European robin because of its reddish-orange breast, though the two species are not closely related, with the European robin belonging to the Old World flycatcher family.", "American robin __knowledge__ The American robin is widely distributed throughout North America, wintering from southern Canada to central Mexico and along the Pacific Coast.", "American robin __knowledge__ It is the state bird of Connecticut, Michigan, and Wisconsin.", "American robin __knowledge__ According to some sources, the American robin ranks behind only the red-winged blackbird (and just ahead of the introduced European starling and the not-always-naturally-occurring house finch) as the most abundant extant land bird in North America.", "Old Dominion University __knowledge__ Old Dominion University, also known as ODU, is a public, co-educational research university located in Norfolk, Virginia, United States, with two satellite campuses in the Hampton Roads area.", "Old Dominion University __knowledge__ It was established in 1930 as the Norfolk Division of the College of William & Mary and is now one of the largest universities in Virginia with an enrollment of 24,670 students for the 2014-2015 academic year.", "Old Dominion University __knowledge__ Its campus covers over straddling the city neighborhoods of Larchmont, Highland Park, and Lambert's Point, approximately from Downtown Norfolk.", "Old Dominion University __knowledge__ Old Dominion University is classified as a Carnegie Doctoral, Higher Research Activity University.", "Old Dominion Monarchs basketball __knowledge__ The Old Dominion Monarchs basketball team represents Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia, United States in NCAA Division I men's competition.", "Old Dominion Monarchs basketball __knowledge__ (The women's team, which has traditionally had a considerably higher national profile, is known as the Lady Monarchs.)", "Old Dominion Monarchs basketball __knowledge__ The school's team currently competes in the Conference USA.", "Old Dominion Monarchs basketball __knowledge__ They were the Division II national champions in 1975, champions of the inaugural CollegeInsider.com Postseason Tournament in 2009, and champions of the inaugural Vegas 16 in 2016.", "Old Dominion Monarchs basketball __knowledge__ The team last played in the Division I NCAA Tournament in 2011.", "Old Dominion Monarchs basketball __knowledge__ The Monarchs are currently coached by Jeff Jones.", "Colony of Virginia __knowledge__ The Colony of Virginia, chartered in 1606 and settled in 1607, was the first enduring English colony in North America, following failed proprietary attempts at settlement on Newfoundland by Sir Humphrey Gilbert in 1583, and the subsequent further south Roanoke Island (modern eastern North Carolina) by Sir Walter Raleigh in the late 1580s.", "Colony of Virginia __knowledge__ The founder of the new colony was the Virginia Company, with the first two settlements in Jamestown on the north bank of the James River and Popham Colony on the Kennebec River in modern-day Maine, both in 1607.", "Colony of Virginia __knowledge__ The Popham colony quickly failed due to a famine, disease, and conflict with local Native American tribes in the first two years.", "Colonial history of the United States __knowledge__ The colonial history of the United States covers the history of European settlements from the start of colonization in the early 16th century until their incorporation into the United States of America.", "Colonial history of the United States __knowledge__ In the late 16th century, England, France, Spain, and the Netherlands launched major colonization programs in eastern North America.", "Colonial history of the United States __knowledge__ Small early attempts sometimes disappeared, such as the English Lost Colony of Roanoke.", "Colonial history of the United States __knowledge__ Everywhere, the death rate was very high among the first arrivals.", "Colonial history of the United States __knowledge__ Nevertheless, successful colonies were established within several decades.", "Colonial history of the United States __knowledge__ European settlers came from a variety of social and religious groups, including adventurers, soldiers, farmers, and tradesmen, and some from the aristocracy.", "Louisiana Tigers __knowledge__ Louisiana Tigers was the common nickname for certain infantry troops from the State of Louisiana in the Confederate army during the American Civil War.", "Louisiana Tigers __knowledge__ Originally applied to a specific company, the nickname expanded to a battalion, then to a brigade, and eventually to all Louisiana troops within the Army of Northern Virginia.", "Louisiana Tigers __knowledge__ Although the exact composition of the Louisiana Tigers changed as the war progressed, they developed a reputation as fearless, hard-fighting shock troops.", "Louisiana Tigers __knowledge__ The origin of the term came from the \"Tiger Rifles,\" a volunteer company raised in the New Orleans area as part of Major Chatham Roberdeau Wheat's 1st Special Battalion, Louisiana Volunteer Infantry (2nd Louisiana Battalion).", "Old Dominion Monarchs baseball, 2010–19 __knowledge__ Old Dominion Monarchs baseball represents Old Dominion University in college baseball at the NCAA Division I level.", "Old Dominion Monarchs baseball, 2010–19 __knowledge__ The 2010 Old Dominion Monarchs baseball team represents Old Dominion University in the 2010 NCAA Division I baseball season.", "Old Dominion Monarchs baseball, 2010–19 __knowledge__ The Monarchs play their home games at Bud Metheny Baseball Complex, which was named for former coach Bud Metheny.", "Old Dominion Monarchs baseball, 2010–19 __knowledge__ 2010 was the last season under Head Coach Jerry Meyers after six years.", "Old Dominion Monarchs baseball, 2010–19 __knowledge__ During the 2010 season the Monarchs finished sixth in the conference, their third straight losing season under Meyers.", "Old Dominion Monarchs baseball, 2010–19 __knowledge__ After the season Coach Meyers left ODU to return to South Carolina to take back his old job of pitching coach." ] ]

[ 1, 2, 3 ]

[ "Do you know that the state of Virginia is located between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains?", "Of course there are, I have even better info for you, it got the nickname \"Old Dominion\" due to its status as the first English colonial possession ", "The nature of the place which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna." ]

[ "Virginia", "Virginia", "Virginia" ]

[ "Koi", "That sounds cool and I'm sure provides a nice aesthetic. Are there any distinctive features of the koi fish?", "That's cool, I think they are traditionally found or popularized in Japan. Do you only have one koi fish?" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Koi __knowledge__ Koi is an informal group of the colored variants of the Amur carp.", "Koi __knowledge__ Several varieties are recognized by the Japanese.", "Koi __knowledge__ Koi varieties are distinguished by coloration, patterning, and scalation.", "Koi __knowledge__ Some of the major colors are white, black, red, yellow, blue, and cream.", "Koi __knowledge__ The most popular category of koi is the \"Gosanke\", which is made up of the \"Kohaku\", \"Taisho Sanshoku\", and \"Showa Sanshoku\" varieties.", "Koi __knowledge__ Carp are a large group of fish originally found in Central Europe and Asia.", "Koi __knowledge__ Various carp species were originally domesticated in East Asia, where they were used as food fish.", "Koi __knowledge__ Carp are coldwater fish, and their ability to survive and adapt to many climates and water conditions allowed the domesticated species to be propagated to many new locations, including Japan.", "Koi __knowledge__ Natural color mutations of these carp would have occurred across all populations.", "Koi __knowledge__ Carp were first bred for color mutations in China more than a thousand years ago, where selective breeding of the Prussian carp (\"Carassius gibelio\") led to the development of the goldfish.", "Koi __knowledge__ The Amur carp (\"Cyprinus rubrofuscus\"), a member of the common carp (\"Cyprinus carpio\") species complex native to East Asia, was aquacultured as a food fish at least as long ago as the fifth century BC in China, and Jin Dynasty (fourth century AD) texts mentioned carp with various colors." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Koi __knowledge__ Koi is an informal group of the colored variants of the Amur carp.", "Koi __knowledge__ Several varieties are recognized by the Japanese.", "Koi __knowledge__ Koi varieties are distinguished by coloration, patterning, and scalation.", "Koi __knowledge__ Some of the major colors are white, black, red, yellow, blue, and cream.", "Koi __knowledge__ The most popular category of koi is the \"Gosanke\", which is made up of the \"Kohaku\", \"Taisho Sanshoku\", and \"Showa Sanshoku\" varieties.", "Koi __knowledge__ Carp are a large group of fish originally found in Central Europe and Asia.", "Koi __knowledge__ Various carp species were originally domesticated in East Asia, where they were used as food fish.", "Koi __knowledge__ Carp are coldwater fish, and their ability to survive and adapt to many climates and water conditions allowed the domesticated species to be propagated to many new locations, including Japan.", "Koi __knowledge__ Natural color mutations of these carp would have occurred across all populations.", "Koi __knowledge__ Carp were first bred for color mutations in China more than a thousand years ago, where selective breeding of the Prussian carp (\"Carassius gibelio\") led to the development of the goldfish.", "Koi __knowledge__ The Amur carp (\"Cyprinus rubrofuscus\"), a member of the common carp (\"Cyprinus carpio\") species complex native to East Asia, was aquacultured as a food fish at least as long ago as the fifth century BC in China, and Jin Dynasty (fourth century AD) texts mentioned carp with various colors.", "St. Antönien __knowledge__ St. Antönien is a Swiss village in the Prättigau and a municipality in the political district of Prättigau/Davos in the canton of Graubünden.", "St. Antönien __knowledge__ The municipalities of St. Antönien (242 inhabitants) and St. Antönien Ascharina (118 inhabitants) merged on 1 January 2007 into St. Antönien.", "St. Antönien __knowledge__ St. Antönien is first mentioned in 1451 as \"Sant Anthonyen\".", "St. Antönien __knowledge__ Earlier, the area was worked by romansh speaking inhabitants of the lower valleys as the names of the places indicate.", "St. Antönien __knowledge__ Around 1400 Walser people that came from the Klosters area were allowed to settle in the higher areas at the end of the valley.", "St. Antönien __knowledge__ So the Walser settled in the valley top first, advancing to lower areas later.", "Koi Diamond __knowledge__ The colors of this 32+ carat diamond evokes the Koi fish legend and sacred symbolism cherished by East Asians.", "Koi Diamond __knowledge__ The graduations of color of white, orange, light yellow, darkblue and black colors in this diamond are reminiscent of ancient Chinese brush painting.", "Koi Diamond __knowledge__ For over two thousand years, the Koi legend enthralled and inspired people in China.", "Koi Diamond __knowledge__ It is a story of endurance and beauty.", "Koi Diamond __knowledge__ Visually captivating, Koi fish are described as swimming up the Yellow River, their body flashing in the sunlight and glittering like a million living diamonds.", "Koi Diamond __knowledge__ Once they reach the waterfall, only the most determined throw their bodies into the air and reach the top of the falls.", "Ink Master (season 6) __knowledge__ The sixth season of the tattoo reality competition \"Ink Master\" (subtitled as \"Ink Master: Master vs. Apprentice\") premiered on Spike on June 23 and concluded on October 13, 2015 with a total of 16 episodes.", "Ink Master (season 6) __knowledge__ The season was announced on December 1, 2014 and premiered on June 23, 2015.", "Ink Master (season 6) __knowledge__ The premise of this season is to feature mentors and their apprentices as they compete against each other in an elimination-style competition with a $100,000 grand prize.", "Ink Master (season 6) __knowledge__ The judges for season six were Chris Núñez, Oliver Peck, and Dave Navarro who also serves as host of the show.", "Ink Master (season 6) __knowledge__ The guest judges this season include Richard Stell (episode 2), Avan Jogia (episode 4), Mike Rubendall (episode 6), Justin Weatherholtz (episode 9) and Rose Hardy (episode 10) and Carter Foster (episode 11).", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Pet Sounds is the eleventh studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on May 16, 1966.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ It initially met with a lukewarm critical and commercial response in the United States, peaking at number 10 in the \"Billboard\" 200, a significantly lower placement than the band's preceding albums.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ In the United Kingdom, the album was hailed by its music press and was an immediate commercial success, peaking at number 2 in the UK Top 40 Albums Chart and remaining among the top ten positions for six months.", "Pet Sounds __knowledge__ Originally promoted as \"the most progressive pop album ever\", \"Pet Sounds\" attracted recognition for its ambitious recording and unusually sophisticated music, and is widely considered to be one of the most influential albums in music history.", "Butterfly Koi __knowledge__ Butterfly koi, longfin koi, or dragon carp are a type of ornamental fish notable for their elongated finnage.", "Butterfly Koi __knowledge__ The fish are a breed of the common carp, \"Cyprinus carpio\", which includes numerous wild carp races as well as domesticated koi (\"Nishikigoi\").", "Butterfly Koi __knowledge__ Butterfly koi originated in the mid-20th century as a result of an effort to increase the hardiness of traditional koi.", "Butterfly Koi __knowledge__ Japanese breeders interbred wild Indonesian longfin river carp with traditional koi.", "Butterfly Koi __knowledge__ The resulting fish had longer fins, long barbells, pompom nostrils, and were hardier than koi.", "Butterfly Koi __knowledge__ These were known in Japan as \"onagaoi\" or \"hire naga goi\", or translated in English \"long tail carp\".", "Brooklyn Botanic Garden __knowledge__ Brooklyn Botanic Garden (BBG) is a botanical garden in the borough of Brooklyn in New York City.", "Brooklyn Botanic Garden __knowledge__ Founded in 1910, and located in the Prospect Park neighborhood, the garden includes a number of specialty \"gardens within the Garden\", plant collections and the Steinhardt Conservatory, which houses the C. V. Starr Bonsai Museum, three climate-themed plant pavilions, a white cast-iron and glass aquatic plant house, and an art gallery.", "Brooklyn Botanic Garden __knowledge__ The Garden holds over 14,000 taxa of plants and each year has over 900,000 visitors.", "Brooklyn Botanic Garden __knowledge__ Early plans for Prospect Park called for the park to straddle Flatbush Avenue.", "Brooklyn Botanic Garden __knowledge__ The City of Brooklyn purchased the land for this purpose in 1864.", "Citrus black spot __knowledge__ Citrus Black Spot is a fungal disease caused by Guignardia citricarpa.", "Citrus black spot __knowledge__ This Ascomycete fungus affects citrus plants throughout subtropical climates, causing a reduction in both fruit quantity and quality.", "Citrus black spot __knowledge__ Symptoms include both fruit and leaf lesions, the latter being critical to inter-tree dispersal.", "Citrus black spot __knowledge__ Strict regulation and management is necessary to control this disease since there are currently no citrus varieties that are resistant.", "Citrus black spot __knowledge__ \"Guignardia citricarpa\" is a plant pathogen, some strains of which cause a leaf condition called \"black spot\" on citrus plants.", "Citrus black spot __knowledge__ As a result, such strains are subject to phytosanitary legislation in the European Union and the United States.", "Pieris brassicae __knowledge__ Pieris brassicae, the large white, also called cabbage butterfly, cabbage white, cabbage moth (erroneously), or in India the large cabbage white, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae.", "Pieris brassicae __knowledge__ It is a close relative of the small white, \"Pieris rapae\".", "Pieris brassicae __knowledge__ The large white is common throughout Europe, North Africa, Asia even through the Himalayas.", "Pieris brassicae __knowledge__ The large white is common throughout Europe, north Africa, and Asia to the Himalayas often in agricultural areas, meadows and parkland.", "Pieris brassicae __knowledge__ It has managed to establish a population in South Africa and in 1995 it was predicted to spread to Australia and New Zealand.", "Pieris brassicae __knowledge__ The large white is a strong flier and the British population is reinforced in most years by migrations from the continent.", "The Curse of the Black Spot __knowledge__ \"The Curse of the Black Spot\" is the third episode of the sixth series of the British science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\".", "The Curse of the Black Spot __knowledge__ Written by Stephen Thompson, and directed by Jeremy Webb, the episode was first broadcast on 7 May 2011 on BBC One in the United Kingdom and on BBC America in the United States.", "The Curse of the Black Spot __knowledge__ It features the Doctor (Matt Smith) and his companions Amy Pond (Karen Gillan) and Rory Williams (Arthur Darvill).", "The Curse of the Black Spot __knowledge__ In the episode, the TARDIS materialises in the 17th century on board a pirate ship whose crew is being terrorised by a Siren-like creature.", "The Curse of the Black Spot __knowledge__ After receiving an injury, however minor, a black spot appears on their palms and then the creature apparently disintegrates them.", "Goldfish __knowledge__ The goldfish (\"Carassius auratus\") is a freshwater fish in the family Cyprinidae of order Cypriniformes.", "Goldfish __knowledge__ It is one of the most commonly kept aquarium fish.", "Goldfish __knowledge__ A relatively small member of the carp family (which also includes the Prussian carp and the crucian carp), the goldfish is native to East Asia.", "Goldfish __knowledge__ It was first selectively bred in Ancient China more than a thousand years ago, and several distinct breeds have since been developed.", "Goldfish __knowledge__ Goldfish breeds vary greatly in size, body shape, fin configuration and colouration (various combinations of white, yellow, orange, red, brown, and black are known).", "Goldfish __knowledge__ Starting in ancient China, various species of carp (collectively known as Asian carp) have been bred and reared as food fish for thousands of years.", "Spot the Frog __knowledge__ Spot the Frog was a nationally syndicated newspaper comic strip written by Mark Heath.", "Spot the Frog __knowledge__ It tells the story of a talking frog named Spot that moves in with a man named Karl as a tenant in his aquarium, leaving the pond behind him.", "Spot the Frog __knowledge__ The comic strip was launched in 2004.", "Spot the Frog __knowledge__ The original run of the strip ended on July 5, 2008; syndication host site Comics.com continues to run \"classic\" strips.", "Spot the Frog __knowledge__ Spot is a talking frog that wishes to move away from his home pond and seek broader horizons.", "Spot the Frog __knowledge__ He moves in with a middle-aged man named Karl, seeking to \"rent\" his aquarium for 10 cents a month.", "Spot the Frog __knowledge__ The series follows his adventures outside of his pond, both with Karl as well as his friends, most notably Buddy." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Koi __knowledge__ Koi is an informal group of the colored variants of the Amur carp.", "Koi __knowledge__ Several varieties are recognized by the Japanese.", "Koi __knowledge__ Koi varieties are distinguished by coloration, patterning, and scalation.", "Koi __knowledge__ Some of the major colors are white, black, red, yellow, blue, and cream.", "Koi __knowledge__ The most popular category of koi is the \"Gosanke\", which is made up of the \"Kohaku\", \"Taisho Sanshoku\", and \"Showa Sanshoku\" varieties.", "Koi __knowledge__ Carp are a large group of fish originally found in Central Europe and Asia.", "Koi __knowledge__ Various carp species were originally domesticated in East Asia, where they were used as food fish.", "Koi __knowledge__ Carp are coldwater fish, and their ability to survive and adapt to many climates and water conditions allowed the domesticated species to be propagated to many new locations, including Japan.", "Koi __knowledge__ Natural color mutations of these carp would have occurred across all populations.", "Koi __knowledge__ Carp were first bred for color mutations in China more than a thousand years ago, where selective breeding of the Prussian carp (\"Carassius gibelio\") led to the development of the goldfish.", "Koi __knowledge__ The Amur carp (\"Cyprinus rubrofuscus\"), a member of the common carp (\"Cyprinus carpio\") species complex native to East Asia, was aquacultured as a food fish at least as long ago as the fifth century BC in China, and Jin Dynasty (fourth century AD) texts mentioned carp with various colors.", "Koi Diamond __knowledge__ The colors of this 32+ carat diamond evokes the Koi fish legend and sacred symbolism cherished by East Asians.", "Koi Diamond __knowledge__ The graduations of color of white, orange, light yellow, darkblue and black colors in this diamond are reminiscent of ancient Chinese brush painting.", "Koi Diamond __knowledge__ For over two thousand years, the Koi legend enthralled and inspired people in China.", "Koi Diamond __knowledge__ It is a story of endurance and beauty.", "Koi Diamond __knowledge__ Visually captivating, Koi fish are described as swimming up the Yellow River, their body flashing in the sunlight and glittering like a million living diamonds.", "Koi Diamond __knowledge__ Once they reach the waterfall, only the most determined throw their bodies into the air and reach the top of the falls.", "Butterfly Koi __knowledge__ Butterfly koi, longfin koi, or dragon carp are a type of ornamental fish notable for their elongated finnage.", "Butterfly Koi __knowledge__ The fish are a breed of the common carp, \"Cyprinus carpio\", which includes numerous wild carp races as well as domesticated koi (\"Nishikigoi\").", "Butterfly Koi __knowledge__ Butterfly koi originated in the mid-20th century as a result of an effort to increase the hardiness of traditional koi.", "Butterfly Koi __knowledge__ Japanese breeders interbred wild Indonesian longfin river carp with traditional koi.", "Butterfly Koi __knowledge__ The resulting fish had longer fins, long barbells, pompom nostrils, and were hardier than koi.", "Butterfly Koi __knowledge__ These were known in Japan as \"onagaoi\" or \"hire naga goi\", or translated in English \"long tail carp\".", "Ink Master (season 6) __knowledge__ The sixth season of the tattoo reality competition \"Ink Master\" (subtitled as \"Ink Master: Master vs. Apprentice\") premiered on Spike on June 23 and concluded on October 13, 2015 with a total of 16 episodes.", "Ink Master (season 6) __knowledge__ The season was announced on December 1, 2014 and premiered on June 23, 2015.", "Ink Master (season 6) __knowledge__ The premise of this season is to feature mentors and their apprentices as they compete against each other in an elimination-style competition with a $100,000 grand prize.", "Ink Master (season 6) __knowledge__ The judges for season six were Chris Núñez, Oliver Peck, and Dave Navarro who also serves as host of the show.", "Ink Master (season 6) __knowledge__ The guest judges this season include Richard Stell (episode 2), Avan Jogia (episode 4), Mike Rubendall (episode 6), Justin Weatherholtz (episode 9) and Rose Hardy (episode 10) and Carter Foster (episode 11).", "Rivers of America (Disney) __knowledge__ The Rivers of America is the name of the artificial river found in the Frontierland areas of Magic Kingdom-style Disney theme parks around the world.", "Rivers of America (Disney) __knowledge__ The first river was built in Disneyland when the park opened in 1955.", "Rivers of America (Disney) __knowledge__ It surrounds Tom Sawyer Island, which can be reached by rafts traveling from the Frontierland mainland.", "Rivers of America (Disney) __knowledge__ Additionally, there are other water-based vehicles which are found on the river.", "Rivers of America (Disney) __knowledge__ The sights along the Rivers include a Native American tribe, a burning cabin (though the cabin at Disneyland hasn't been burning for years), and various audio-animatronic wildlife.", "Rivers of America (Disney) __knowledge__ As other magic kingdom-style parks were built, similar versions were included.", "Kepler object of interest __knowledge__ A Kepler object of interest (KOI) is a star observed by the Kepler spacecraft that is suspected of hosting one or more transiting planets.", "Kepler object of interest __knowledge__ KOIs come from a master list of 150,000 stars, which itself is generated from the Kepler Input Catalog (KIC).", "Kepler object of interest __knowledge__ A KOI shows a periodic dimming, indicative of an unseen planet passing between the star and Earth, eclipsing part of the star.", "Kepler object of interest __knowledge__ However, such an observed dimming is not a guarantee of a transiting planet, because other astronomical objects—such as an eclipsing binary in the background—can mimic a transit signal.", "Kepler object of interest __knowledge__ For this reason, the majority of KOIs are as yet not confirmed transiting planet systems.", "Brooklyn Botanic Garden __knowledge__ Brooklyn Botanic Garden (BBG) is a botanical garden in the borough of Brooklyn in New York City.", "Brooklyn Botanic Garden __knowledge__ Founded in 1910, and located in the Prospect Park neighborhood, the garden includes a number of specialty \"gardens within the Garden\", plant collections and the Steinhardt Conservatory, which houses the C. V. Starr Bonsai Museum, three climate-themed plant pavilions, a white cast-iron and glass aquatic plant house, and an art gallery.", "Brooklyn Botanic Garden __knowledge__ The Garden holds over 14,000 taxa of plants and each year has over 900,000 visitors.", "Brooklyn Botanic Garden __knowledge__ Early plans for Prospect Park called for the park to straddle Flatbush Avenue.", "Brooklyn Botanic Garden __knowledge__ The City of Brooklyn purchased the land for this purpose in 1864.", "Snake scale __knowledge__ Snakes, like other reptiles, have a skin covered in a scale.", "Snake scale __knowledge__ Snakes are entirely covered with scales or scutes of various shapes and sizes, known as snakeskin as a whole.", "Snake scale __knowledge__ A scale protects the body of the snake, aids it in locomotion, allows moisture to be retained within, alters the surface characteristics such as roughness to aid in camouflage, and in some cases even aids in prey capture (such as \"Acrochordus\").", "Snake scale __knowledge__ The simple or complex colouration patterns (which help in camouflage and anti-predator display) are a property of the underlying skin, but the folded nature of scaled skin allows bright skin to be concealed between scales then revealed in order to startle predators.", "External morphology of Lepidoptera __knowledge__ The external morphology of Lepidoptera is the physiological structure of the bodies of insects belonging to the order Lepidoptera, also known as butterflies and moths.", "External morphology of Lepidoptera __knowledge__ Lepidoptera are distinguished from other orders by the presence of scales on the external parts of the body and appendages, especially the wings.", "External morphology of Lepidoptera __knowledge__ Butterflies and moths vary in size from microlepidoptera only a few millimetres long, to a wingspan of many inches such as the Atlas moth.", "External morphology of Lepidoptera __knowledge__ Comprising over 160,000 described species, the Lepidoptera possess variations of the basic body structure which has evolved to gain advantages in adaptation and distribution.", "Lepidoptera __knowledge__ Lepidoptera ( ) is an order of insects that includes butterflies and moths (both are called lepidopterans).", "Lepidoptera __knowledge__ About 180,000 species of the Lepidoptera are described, in 126 families and 46 superfamilies, 10% of the total described species of living organisms.", "Lepidoptera __knowledge__ It is one of the most widespread and widely recognizable insect orders in the world.", "Lepidoptera __knowledge__ The Lepidoptera show many variations of the basic body structure that have evolved to gain advantages in lifestyle and distribution.", "Lepidoptera __knowledge__ Recent estimates suggest the order may have more species than earlier thought, and is among the four most speciose orders, along with the Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Coleoptera.", "Music theory __knowledge__ Music theory is the study of the practices and possibilities of music.", "Music theory __knowledge__ \"The Oxford Companion to Music\" describes three interrelated uses of the term \"music theory\": The first is what is otherwise called 'rudiments', currently taught as the elements of notation, of key signatures, of time signatures, of rhythmic notation, and so on.", "Music theory __knowledge__ [...] The second is the study of writings about music from ancient times onwards.", "Music theory __knowledge__ [...] The third is an area of current musicological study that seeks to define processes and general principles in music — a sphere of research that can be distinguished from analysis in that it takes as its starting-point not the individual work or performance but the fundamental materials from which it is built.", "Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory __knowledge__ The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory - Fourth Edition (MCMI-IV) is the most recent edition of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory.", "Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory __knowledge__ The MCMI is a psychological assessment tool intended to provide information on personality traits and psychopathology, including specific psychiatric disorders outlined in the DSM-5.", "Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory __knowledge__ It is intended for adults (18 and over) with at least a 5th grade reading level who are currently seeking mental health services.", "Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory __knowledge__ The MCMI was developed and standardized specifically on clinical populations (i.e.", "Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory __knowledge__ patients in clinical settings or people with existing mental health problems), and the authors are very specific that it should not be used with the general population or adolescents.", "Image segmentation __knowledge__ In computer vision, image segmentation is the process of partitioning a digital image into multiple segments (sets of pixels, also known as super-pixels).", "Image segmentation __knowledge__ The goal of segmentation is to simplify and/or change the representation of an image into something that is more meaningful and easier to analyze.", "Image segmentation __knowledge__ Image segmentation is typically used to locate objects and boundaries (lines, curves, etc.)", "Image segmentation __knowledge__ in images.", "Image segmentation __knowledge__ More precisely, image segmentation is the process of assigning a label to every pixel in an image such that pixels with the same label share certain characteristics.", "Image segmentation __knowledge__ The result of image segmentation is a set of segments that collectively cover the entire image, or a set of contours extracted from the image (see edge detection).", "Space Harmony __knowledge__ Rudolf Laban created a movement theory and practice that reflected what he recognized as Space Harmony.", "Space Harmony __knowledge__ The practice/theory is based on universal patterns of nature and of man as part of a universal design/order and was named by Laban: Space Harmony or Choreutics.", "Space Harmony __knowledge__ Laban, who laid the foundation for Laban Movement Analysis, was interested in the series of natural sequences of movements that we follow in our various everyday activity.", "Space Harmony __knowledge__ Being a dancer/choreographer, he saw the everyday patterns of human action and abstracted the essence of these into the “art of movement”.", "Space Harmony __knowledge__ He saw spatial patterns in human movement and recognized the shapes of the Platonic Solids within these patterns." ] ]

[ 4, 3, 7 ]

[ "I have a pond at home with a pet koi named spot. He's red with a large black spot.", "They can be distinguished by their color, patterns, and scales.", "Correct, because they were first domesticated in East Asia and used for food. Yes, I only have one." ]

[ "Koi", "Koi", "Koi" ]

[ "Telenovela\nI just started watching telenovelas lol they are pretty good", "Yes with good looking stars and a good plot ", "Really? What can you tell me about them?", "Yeah the telenovelas are limited in length", "Yes it seems the plot moves faster which holds my attention better" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Telenovela __knowledge__ A telenovela ( or ; , ), ) is a type of limited-run television serial drama or soap opera produced primarily in Latin America.", "Telenovela __knowledge__ The word combines \"tele\", short for \"televisión\" or \"televisão\" (Spanish and Portuguese words for \"television\"), and \"novela\", a Spanish and Portuguese word for \"novel\".", "Telenovela __knowledge__ Similar genres around the world include teleserye (Philippines), téléroman (Canada, specifically Quebec), or simply dramas (Asia and the rest of the Arab World).", "Telenovela __knowledge__ In Spain, they are also called \"culebrones\" (\"long snakes\") because of the convoluted plots.", "Telenovela __knowledge__ Commonly described using the American colloquialism Spanish soap opera, many telenovelas share some stylistic and thematic similarities to the soap opera familiar to the English-speaking world.", "Telenovela __knowledge__ The significant difference is their series run length; telenovelas tell one self-contained story, typically within the span of a year or less whereas soap operas tend to have intertwined storylines told during indefinite, continuing runs.", "Telenovela __knowledge__ This makes them shorter than most other television series, but still much longer than a miniseries.", "Telenovela __knowledge__ This planned run results in a faster-paced, more concise style of melodrama compared to a typical soap opera.", "Telenovela __knowledge__ Episodes of telenovelas usually last between 30 and 45 minutes, and rarely more than an hour, except for final episodes.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ This Is England '86 is a 2010 British drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne, a spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\".", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Set three years later, it focuses on the mod revival scene rather than the skinhead subculture, with the gang variously adopting an eclectic mix of clothing styles.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Like the film version previously, Thomas Turgoose stars as Shaun, with central roles played by Joe Gilgun as Woody, now a scooter-riding mod, although girlfriend Lol (Vicky McClure) and her friend Trev stay loyal to their roots and still wear the skinhead garb.", "This Is England '86 __knowledge__ Lol's sister Kelly has gone new wave/punk, while other gang members adopt psychobilly, early chav and mohican influences.", "Álvaro Cueva __knowledge__ Álvaro Cueva (born January 29, 1968) is a Mexican television critic and journalist who works in print, television and radio.", "Álvaro Cueva __knowledge__ When he began his career in the 1980s, Mexican newspapers were not interested in columns about television and he began writing about cinema.", "Álvaro Cueva __knowledge__ However, he eventually convinced newspapers to let him write about television, at first under a pseudonym.", "Álvaro Cueva __knowledge__ He briefly left writing when offered a co anchor position on the television show Ventaneando in 1997; however, he did not like the gossip aspect of the show and in the same year left, broke and in poor health.", "Álvaro Cueva __knowledge__ He returned to writing as a freelancer, writing columns and books which eventually led to steady work with the Milenio newspaper, which he still writes a daily column for.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ This Is England '90 is a 2015 British TV drama miniseries written by Shane Meadows and Jack Thorne and produced by Warp Films.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ A spin-off from the 2006 film \"This Is England\", it is also a sequel to the series \"This Is England '86\" and \"This Is England '88\".", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ \"This Is England '90\" was originally due in late 2012, but in July 2012, Meadows announced that the production had been put on hold in order for him to complete his The Stone Roses, and the actors were still waiting for confirmation as to when filming would start.", "This Is England '90 __knowledge__ In March 2014, Meadows confirmed that shooting would start later in the year although he had not yet finished the script.", "LOL __knowledge__ LOL, or lol, is an acronym for laugh(ing) out loud or lots of laughs, and a popular element of Internet slang.", "LOL __knowledge__ It was first used almost exclusively on Usenet, but has since become widespread in other forms of computer-mediated communication and even face-to-face communication.", "LOL __knowledge__ It is one of many initialisms for expressing bodily reactions, in particular laughter, as text, including initialisms for more emphatic expressions of laughter such as LMAO (\"laugh(ing) my ass off\") and ROFL (or its older form ROTFL; \"roll(ing) on the floor laughing\").", "LOL __knowledge__ Other unrelated expansions include the now mostly obsolete \"lots of luck\" or \"lots of love\" used in letter-writing.", "Pretty Good Dance Moves __knowledge__ Pretty Good Dance Moves is an indietronica band from Chicago, Illinois in the United States.", "Pretty Good Dance Moves __knowledge__ Their sound, sometimes also labeled as electropop, is influenced by 1980s new wave, electronic, pop and indie rock genres.", "Pretty Good Dance Moves __knowledge__ Pretty Good Dance Moves started in 2007 in Chicago when Aaron and Jimmy met while bartending together in Chicago.", "Pretty Good Dance Moves __knowledge__ Their parents are of Italian and Greek-Cyprian descent respectively.", "Pretty Good Dance Moves __knowledge__ Pretty Good Dance Moves's first songs were \"P.G.D.M\" and \"Demons Dancing\" which were recorded between June and September 2007.", "Pretty Good Dance Moves __knowledge__ Jimmy and Aaron were looking for some female presence in the group and called up Genevieve Schatz from Chicago band Company of Thieves and started to create music together.", "Univision __knowledge__ Univision is an American Spanish-language broadcast television network that is owned by Univision Communications.", "Univision __knowledge__ The network's programming is aimed at Hispanic Americans and includes telenovelas and other drama series, sports, sitcoms, reality and variety series, news programming, and imported Spanish-language feature films.", "Univision __knowledge__ Univision is headquartered in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, and has its major studios, production facilities, and business operations based in Doral, Florida (near Miami).", "Univision __knowledge__ Univision is available on cable and satellite television throughout most of the United States, with local stations in over 60 markets with large Hispanic and Latino populations." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Telenovela __knowledge__ A telenovela ( or ; , ), ) is a type of limited-run television serial drama or soap opera produced primarily in Latin America.", "Telenovela __knowledge__ The word combines \"tele\", short for \"televisión\" or \"televisão\" (Spanish and Portuguese words for \"television\"), and \"novela\", a Spanish and Portuguese word for \"novel\".", "Telenovela __knowledge__ Similar genres around the world include teleserye (Philippines), téléroman (Canada, specifically Quebec), or simply dramas (Asia and the rest of the Arab World).", "Telenovela __knowledge__ In Spain, they are also called \"culebrones\" (\"long snakes\") because of the convoluted plots.", "Telenovela __knowledge__ Commonly described using the American colloquialism Spanish soap opera, many telenovelas share some stylistic and thematic similarities to the soap opera familiar to the English-speaking world.", "Telenovela __knowledge__ The significant difference is their series run length; telenovelas tell one self-contained story, typically within the span of a year or less whereas soap operas tend to have intertwined storylines told during indefinite, continuing runs.", "Telenovela __knowledge__ This makes them shorter than most other television series, but still much longer than a miniseries.", "Telenovela __knowledge__ This planned run results in a faster-paced, more concise style of melodrama compared to a typical soap opera.", "Telenovela __knowledge__ Episodes of telenovelas usually last between 30 and 45 minutes, and rarely more than an hour, except for final episodes.", "North Preston's Finest __knowledge__ North Preston's Finest, also known as NPF, North Preston Descendants Of African American Enslaved, the Scotians, or the North Preston gang, is a gang of pimps based in North Preston, a satellite of Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada.", "North Preston's Finest __knowledge__ The town of North Preston has a population of 3,700, and is located just northeast of Metropolitan Halifax.", "North Preston's Finest __knowledge__ Benjamin Perrin, a University of British Columbia faculty member who is involved with human trafficking research and activism, wrote extensively about NPF in his 2010 book \"Invisible Chains\", calling North Preston \"a place of Shakespearean irony\" because of the town's conversion from a sanctuary for Black Loyalists (former American slaves) in the 1780s into the hub of a major gang that deals in modern-day slavery and drug and arms trafficking.", "Good Looking Records __knowledge__ Good Looking Records is a jungle/drum & bass record label, formed in the early 1990s by pioneering DJ/producer LTJ Bukem.", "Good Looking Records __knowledge__ The label specialized in what became known as Atmospheric Drum & Bass, very much 'spacey' synthesizer driven with elements of jazz & soul although some releases have a more darker amen break style to them.", "Good Looking Records __knowledge__ The label is synonymous for its crystal clear-pin sharp production & lavish sci-fi influenced record covers which were a trademark of the label.", "Good Looking Records __knowledge__ After the label's mid 2000s hiatus all 12\" singles issued after were housed in a plain grey card sleeve with the label's logo on the front cover.", "Real Good Looking Boy __knowledge__ \"Real Good Looking Boy\" is a song written by the guitarist of the British rock band The Who, Pete Townshend.", "Real Good Looking Boy __knowledge__ It was originally released in 2004 on the compilation album \"Then and Now\", and was one of two new songs on that album, the other being \"Old Red Wine\".", "Real Good Looking Boy __knowledge__ Together, they were the first new songs released by the Who for 15 years.", "Real Good Looking Boy __knowledge__ It was later released as an edited single backed with the aforementioned song.", "Real Good Looking Boy __knowledge__ \"Real Good Looking Boy\" was later performed in the 2007 rock musical \"The Boy Who Heard Music\".", "Real Good Looking Boy __knowledge__ The song was a tribute to the legendary rock 'n roll singer Elvis Presley.", "Real Good Looking Boy __knowledge__ During live performances, Roger Daltrey gives a short introduction to the song, describing it as a song about \"A man that changed my life at the age of 11.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "The Diamond Girls __knowledge__ The Diamond Girls is a children's novel by Jacqueline Wilson.", "The Diamond Girls __knowledge__ The main protagonist and narrator is Dixie Diamond, the (current) youngest in a family of four sisters, all from different fathers.", "The Diamond Girls __knowledge__ Their mother, (Sue), who is now expecting another child, which she believes to be a boy, decides to move them from their home in a flat on a council estate to a larger council house.", "The Diamond Girls __knowledge__ However, when Dixie moves towards changing her new 'brother's' nappy, she realises she's a girl, and that her mother has been pretending out of her longing for a boy.", "The Diamond Girls __knowledge__ Dixie tries to comprehend the actions of her family whilst hiding the secret of their new neighbour, Mary, who is abused by her apparently depressed mother.", "Blu Mar Ten __knowledge__ Blu Mar Ten is a music production outfit based in London, and is made up of Chris Marigold, and Michael Tognarelli.", "Blu Mar Ten __knowledge__ Blu Mar Ten's first track to be released was \"The Fountain\" / \"Lunar\" in 1996 on Way Out Records.", "Blu Mar Ten __knowledge__ The track appeared on compilations and was named by Fabio as his 'tune of the year'.", "Blu Mar Ten __knowledge__ This was followed by the Blu Mar Ten remix of Erykah Badu's first single \"On & On\" for MCA Records, which reached the top 10 music chart.", "Blu Mar Ten __knowledge__ Following these releases Blu Mar Ten were offered a long-term deal by LTJ Bukem's Good Looking Records.", "Blu Mar Ten __knowledge__ This partnership saw releases on the label including features on the Logical Progression, Earth and Progression Sessions LPs and tracks on Good Looking's partner labels.", "Nathan West (General Hospital) __knowledge__ Nathan West is a fictional character from \"General Hospital\", an American soap opera on the ABC network, portrayed by Ryan Paevey.", "Nathan West (General Hospital) __knowledge__ Created by head writer Ron Carlivati, Nathan was introduced in late 2013 by Frank Valentini as a love interest for Maxie Jones (Kirsten Storms).", "Nathan West (General Hospital) __knowledge__ Detective Nathan comes to town to avenge his \"sister\" Nina (Michelle Stafford) and investigate her husband Silas Clay's (Michael Easton) involvement in her attempted murder.", "Nathan West (General Hospital) __knowledge__ Instead, Nathan discovers that his \"mom\" Madeline Reeves (Donna Mills) is responsible for Nina's 20 year long coma.", "Nathan West (General Hospital) __knowledge__ Later, Nathan is revealed to be the biological son of Madeline's estranged sister, Liesl Obrecht (Kathleen Gati) and brother to the scheming Britt Westbourne (Kelly Thiebaud).", "Telemundo __knowledge__ Telemundo () is an American Spanish-language terrestrial television network owned by Comcast through the NBCUniversal division NBCUniversal Telemundo Enterprises.", "Telemundo __knowledge__ It is the second largest provider of Spanish-language content nationwide behind American competitor Univision, with programming syndicated worldwide to more than 100 countries in over 35 languages.", "Telemundo __knowledge__ The channel broadcasts programs and original content aimed at Hispanic and Latino American audiences in the United States and worldwide, consisting of telenovelas, sports, reality television, news programming, and films — either imported or Spanish-dubbed.", "Latin America __knowledge__ Latin America is a group of countries and dependencies in the Americas where Spanish, French and Portuguese are predominant.", "Latin America __knowledge__ The term originated in 19th century France as \"Amérique latine\" to consider French-speaking territories in the Americas (Haiti, French Guiana, Martinique, Guadeloupe, Saint Martin, Saint Barthélemy) along with the larger group of countries where Spanish and Portuguese languages prevailed.", "Latin America __knowledge__ It is therefore broader than the terms Ibero-America or Hispanic America—though it usually excludes French Canada and modern French Louisiana.", "Latin America __knowledge__ Latin America consists of nineteen sovereign states and several territories and dependencies which cover an area that stretches from the northern border of Mexico to the southern tip of South America, including the Caribbean.", "Latin American economy __knowledge__ Latin America as a region has multiple nation-states, with varying levels of economic complexity.", "Latin American economy __knowledge__ The Latin American economy is an export-based economy consisting of individual countries in the geographical regions of Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.", "Latin American economy __knowledge__ The socioeconomic patterns of what is now called Latin America were set in the colonial era when the region was controlled by the Spanish and Portuguese empires.", "Latin American economy __knowledge__ Up until independence in the early nineteenth century, colonial Latin American regional economies boomed.", "Latin American economy __knowledge__ Many parts of the region had favorable factor endowments of deposits of precious metals, mainly silver, or tropical climatic conditions and locations near coasts that allowed for the development of cane sugar plantations.", "Latin American culture __knowledge__ Latin American culture is the formal or informal expression of the people of Latin America, and includes both high culture (literature, high art) and popular culture (music, folk art and dance) as well as religion and other customary practices.", "Latin American culture __knowledge__ Latin America also has many races.", "Latin American culture __knowledge__ Definitions of Latin America vary.", "Latin American culture __knowledge__ From a cultural perspective,* Latin America generally includes those parts of the Americas where Spanish, French or Portuguese prevail: Mexico, most of Central America, and South America.", "Latin American culture __knowledge__ There is also an important Latin American cultural presence in the United States (e.g.", "Latin American culture __knowledge__ California and the Southwest, and cities such as New York city and Miami).", "Populism __knowledge__ Populism is a political philosophy supporting the rights and power of the people in their struggle against a privileged elite.", "Populism __knowledge__ Critics of populism have described it as \"a political approach that seeks to disrupt the existing social order by solidifying and mobilizing the animosity of the \"commoner\" or \"the people\" against \"privileged elites\" and the \"establishment\".", "Populism __knowledge__ Populists can fall anywhere on the traditional left–right political spectrum of politics and often portray both bourgeois capitalists and socialist organizers as unfairly dominating the political sphere.", "Populism __knowledge__ Political parties and politicians often use the terms \"populist\" and \"populism\" as pejoratives against their opponents.", "Korean drama __knowledge__ Korean dramas () or K-dramas are television dramas () in the Korean language, made in South Korea.", "Korean drama __knowledge__ Korean dramas are popular worldwide, partially due to the spread of Korean popular culture (the \"Korean Wave\"), and are available through streaming services that offer multiple language subtitles.", "Korean drama __knowledge__ They have received adaptations throughout the world, and have had a cultural impact on other countries.", "Korean drama __knowledge__ Some of the most famous dramas have been broadcast via traditional television channels; for example, \"Dae Jang Geum\" (2003) was sold to 91 countries.", "Korean drama __knowledge__ South Korea started to broadcast television series in the 1960s." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Telenovela __knowledge__ A telenovela ( or ; , ), ) is a type of limited-run television serial drama or soap opera produced primarily in Latin America.", "Telenovela __knowledge__ The word combines \"tele\", short for \"televisión\" or \"televisão\" (Spanish and Portuguese words for \"television\"), and \"novela\", a Spanish and Portuguese word for \"novel\".", "Telenovela __knowledge__ Similar genres around the world include teleserye (Philippines), téléroman (Canada, specifically Quebec), or simply dramas (Asia and the rest of the Arab World).", "Telenovela __knowledge__ In Spain, they are also called \"culebrones\" (\"long snakes\") because of the convoluted plots.", "Telenovela __knowledge__ Commonly described using the American colloquialism Spanish soap opera, many telenovelas share some stylistic and thematic similarities to the soap opera familiar to the English-speaking world.", "Telenovela __knowledge__ The significant difference is their series run length; telenovelas tell one self-contained story, typically within the span of a year or less whereas soap operas tend to have intertwined storylines told during indefinite, continuing runs.", "Telenovela __knowledge__ This makes them shorter than most other television series, but still much longer than a miniseries.", "Telenovela __knowledge__ This planned run results in a faster-paced, more concise style of melodrama compared to a typical soap opera.", "Telenovela __knowledge__ Episodes of telenovelas usually last between 30 and 45 minutes, and rarely more than an hour, except for final episodes.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Ek Tha Chandar Ek Thi Sudha (Hindi: एक था चन्दर एक थी सुधा English: One was Chander one was Sudha) is an Indian biopic television series, which premiered on 21 September 2015 and is broadcast on Life OK.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is produced by Garima Productions of Ashwni Dhir.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series airs on every Monday to Friday nights.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The series is a tragic love story and is a 20-episode series.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story of the series is based on Dharamvir Bharati’s iconic novel, \"Gunahon Ka Devta\".", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ Rahil Azam and Umang Jain will play the male and female lead roles respectively.", "Ek Tha Chander Ek Thi Sudha __knowledge__ The story starts with an illustration that it is a story about love near Allahabad.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ This is a list of the characters that have appeared on \"90210\", an American teen drama.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The series introduces Annie Wilson (Shenae Grimes) and her adopted brother Dixon (Tristan Wilds), who move from Kansas to Beverly Hills with their father Harry (Rob Estes) and mother Debbie (Lori Loughlin).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The family relocated in order to care for Harry's mother Tabitha (Jessica Walter).", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ The first actor to be cast for the TV series was Dustin Milligan on April 1, 2008, followed by AnnaLynne McCord on April 14.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ Sachs found Milligan to be \"really funny\", and changed Ethan to better represent his personality.", "List of 90210 characters __knowledge__ McCord was cast because, according to Sachs, \"she's someone who is worldly, and there's a sophistication to her that's interesting.\"", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" is a British medical drama television series that premiered on 6 September 1986 on BBC One.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ The series was created by Jeremy Brock and Paul Unwin.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It is set in the fictional Holby City Hospital, in the equally fictitious city of Holby, and features occasional crossovers of characters and plots with spin-off show \"Holby City\".", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ \"Casualty\" follows the professional and personal lives of the doctors, nurses, paramedics, hospital management and patients at Holby General.", "Characters of Casualty __knowledge__ It features an ensemble cast of regular characters, and began with 10 main characters in its first series, all but two – Charlie Fairhead (played by Derek Thompson) and Lisa \"Duffy\" Duffin (played by Cathy Shipton) – have since left the show.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nandhini is an Indian multilingual supernatural television drama that premiered on 23 January 2017 on Sun TV, Gemini TV, Surya TV and Udaya TV channels.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ This is the first South Indian Serial to be aired in 4 South Indian language by Sun Network channels and same time except for Udaya TV, which is half hour earlier.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ It is claimed that the show is the second biggest budgeted series on Indian television after Naagin and the first in South India.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ Nithya Ram, Malavika Wales, Rahul Ravi and Adhitri are the main protagonists of the series.", "Nandini (TV series) __knowledge__ The series is produced by Tamil film director Sundar C. and his wife, actress Kushboo.", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ This is a list of characters that were introduced in CBBC's \"The Dumping Ground\".", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ The series is based on The Story of Tracy Beaker by Jacqueline Wilson.", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ It has aired since 2013 and is currently airing the fifth series.", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ The series follows \"The Story of Tracy Beaker\" that ran for five series from 2002 to 2005, and \"Tracy Beaker Returns\" that ran for three series from 2010 to 2012.", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ Connor Byrne has played the role of Mike Milligan for all three programmes.", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ Faith Davis is a resident of Elm Tree House and Ashdene Ridge during the first two series of \"The Dumping Ground\".", "List of The Dumping Ground characters __knowledge__ She is portrayed by Leanne Dunstan.", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ The following is a list of characters that first appeared in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" in 2017, by order of first appearance.", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ All characters are introduced by the show's executive producer Sean O'Connor or, from 27 November, his successor as executive consultant, John Yorke.", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ The first character to be introduced was Keegan Baker (Zack Morris), a friend of Shakil Kazemi (Shaheen Jafargholi), followed by Emerald Fox (Doña Croll), the mother of Denise Fox (Diane Parish) and Kim Fox-Hubbard (Tameka Empson).", "List of EastEnders characters (2017) __knowledge__ Madison Drake (Seraphina Beh), Alexandra D'Costa (Sydney Craven) and Travis Law-Hughes (Alex James-Phelps), three new teenage characters, were also introduced in January as well as their school teacher Mr Gethin Pryce (Cerith Flinn) and Hugo Browning (Simon Williams), the chairman of Weyland & Co.", "Philippine television drama __knowledge__ Philippine television drama, also known as \"teleserye\", Filipino telenovelas or P-drama, is a form of melodramatic serialized fiction in television in the Philippines.", "Philippine television drama __knowledge__ Teleserye is rooted from two words: \"tele,\" which is short for \"television,\" and \"\"serye\",\" a Tagalog term for \"series\" and \"drama\" for drama.", "Philippine television drama __knowledge__ Teleseryes share some characteristics and have similar roots with classic soap operas and \"telenovelas\", yet the teleserye has evolved into a genre with its own unique characteristics, often working as a social realist reflection of Filipino reality.", "Philippine television drama __knowledge__ Teleseryes are aired in prime-time, sometimes afternoon, five days a week.", "Glemsford __knowledge__ Glemsford is a village in the Babergh district in Suffolk, England, near the town of Sudbury.", "Glemsford __knowledge__ Glemsford is located near the River Glem and the River Stour also flows nearby.", "Glemsford __knowledge__ Glemsford is surrounded by arable farmland and is not far from historic Suffolk villages such as Lavenham and Long Melford.", "Glemsford __knowledge__ The village dates back to the Domesday Book in 1086, in which Glemsford was recorded.", "Glemsford __knowledge__ The village has noteworthy features such as Monks Hall, which is a medieval timber structure.", "Glemsford __knowledge__ It is said that a tunnel once connected Monks Hall to the nearby Parish Church of St Mary the Virgin, which the monks formerly used to access the church instead of mixing with the ordinary villagers.", "Nadine Lustre __knowledge__ Nadine Alexis Paguia Lustre (born October 31, 1993) is a Filipino actress and singer.", "Nadine Lustre __knowledge__ She rose to fame for her lead role in \"Diary ng Panget\" and as Georgina Evangelista in the television remake of the \"Bagets\" film series.", "Nadine Lustre __knowledge__ Lustre was a member and vocalist of the all-female group Pop Girls.", "Nadine Lustre __knowledge__ In 2015, Lustre starred in the television series \"On the Wings of Love\" and in the same year, she also starred in \"Till I Met You\".", "Nadine Lustre __knowledge__ She is currently a host on the noontime show \"It's Showtime\".", "Nadine Lustre __knowledge__ Lustre was born on October 31, 1993 in Quezon City, Philippines.", "Nadine Lustre __knowledge__ She is the eldest of four children to Myraquel Paguia-Lustre and Ulysses Lustre, a mechanical engineer.", "Albert Martinez __knowledge__ Albert Pineda Martinez (born April 19, 1961) is a Filipino actor, director, and producer.", "Albert Martinez __knowledge__ He was born as Albert Pineda Martinez in Cebu City on April 19, 1961 to Bert Martinez, a Spanish Mestizo, and Margarita Pineda.", "Albert Martinez __knowledge__ He is of Spanish Filipino descent.", "Albert Martinez __knowledge__ Martinez began as a film actor.", "Albert Martinez __knowledge__ He took his first teleserye role as Glenn in the 1980 series \"Anna Liza\".", "Albert Martinez __knowledge__ Martinez's character, Glenn was the suitor of the titular protagonist, Anna Liza which was portrayed by Julie Vega.", "Albert Martinez __knowledge__ Martinez cites actor John Travolta's acting style as his basis on his own film roles.", "Albert Martinez __knowledge__ He describes Travolta as having a tongue-in-cheek style in acting as characterized in his roles in \"Face/Off\", \"Broken Arrow\" and \"Battlefield Earth\".", "Sheryn Regis __knowledge__ Sheryn Mae Poncardas Regis ( ; born November 26, 1982) better known simply as Sheryn Regis, is a Filipino pop singer-songwriter, host, entrepreneur and occasional actress.", "Sheryn Regis __knowledge__ She rose to fame during the first season of the singing competition Star in a Million where she placed runner-up to Erik Santos in 2003.", "Sheryn Regis __knowledge__ Regis became known for singing theme songs from TV series on ABS-CBN including Marina, Krystala, Kampanerang Kuba, Gulong ng Palad, Maria Flordeluna, and Prinsesa ng Banyera.", "Sheryn Regis __knowledge__ She has released four studio albums under Star Records and was a member of ABS-CBN's Star Magic roster of artists.", "Sheryn Regis __knowledge__ Sheryn was born in Carcar City, Cebu, to Bernardo and Daisy Regis.", "Kim Chiu __knowledge__ Kimberly Sue Yap Chiu (born April 19, 1990), commonly known as Kim Chiu, is a Filipina actress, singer and television host in the Philippines.", "Kim Chiu __knowledge__ Chiu first starred in the television series, \"Sana Maulit Muli\" (2007) which won her the year's Most Promising Female Star at GMMSF.", "Kim Chiu __knowledge__ This followed by a string of successful projects and leading roles in dramas such as the Philippine adaptation of \"My Girl\" (2008), action-melodramas \"Tayong Dalawa\" (2009), \"Kung Tayo'y Magkakalayo\" (2010), rom-com \"My Binondo Girl\" (2011–2012), family drama \"Ina, Kapatid, Anak\" (2012–2013) and period drama \"Ikaw Lamang\" (2014)." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Telenovela __knowledge__ A telenovela ( or ; , ), ) is a type of limited-run television serial drama or soap opera produced primarily in Latin America.", "Telenovela __knowledge__ The word combines \"tele\", short for \"televisión\" or \"televisão\" (Spanish and Portuguese words for \"television\"), and \"novela\", a Spanish and Portuguese word for \"novel\".", "Telenovela __knowledge__ Similar genres around the world include teleserye (Philippines), téléroman (Canada, specifically Quebec), or simply dramas (Asia and the rest of the Arab World).", "Telenovela __knowledge__ In Spain, they are also called \"culebrones\" (\"long snakes\") because of the convoluted plots.", "Telenovela __knowledge__ Commonly described using the American colloquialism Spanish soap opera, many telenovelas share some stylistic and thematic similarities to the soap opera familiar to the English-speaking world.", "Telenovela __knowledge__ The significant difference is their series run length; telenovelas tell one self-contained story, typically within the span of a year or less whereas soap operas tend to have intertwined storylines told during indefinite, continuing runs.", "Telenovela __knowledge__ This makes them shorter than most other television series, but still much longer than a miniseries.", "Telenovela __knowledge__ This planned run results in a faster-paced, more concise style of melodrama compared to a typical soap opera.", "Telenovela __knowledge__ Episodes of telenovelas usually last between 30 and 45 minutes, and rarely more than an hour, except for final episodes.", "Univision __knowledge__ Univision is an American Spanish-language broadcast television network that is owned by Univision Communications.", "Univision __knowledge__ The network's programming is aimed at Hispanic Americans and includes telenovelas and other drama series, sports, sitcoms, reality and variety series, news programming, and imported Spanish-language feature films.", "Univision __knowledge__ Univision is headquartered in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, and has its major studios, production facilities, and business operations based in Doral, Florida (near Miami).", "Univision __knowledge__ Univision is available on cable and satellite television throughout most of the United States, with local stations in over 60 markets with large Hispanic and Latino populations.", "MyNetworkTV telenovelas __knowledge__ The MyNetworkTV telenovelas were Fox Television's attempt to create a successful low-cost programming franchise by adapting Spanish-language telenovelas for U.S. viewers.", "MyNetworkTV telenovelas __knowledge__ While originally planned for syndication, the format became the original lineup of MyNetworkTV in 2006.", "MyNetworkTV telenovelas __knowledge__ Six limited-run serials were produced, each running about 65 episodes, and at least three others were halted in development.", "MyNetworkTV telenovelas __knowledge__ New episodes aired from Monday to Friday – and weekend clip shows recapped the shows' storylines.", "MyNetworkTV telenovelas __knowledge__ Producers planned continuous cycles of thirteen-week serials with no repeats.", "MyNetworkTV telenovelas __knowledge__ Once one series ended, another unrelated melodrama would begin the following week.", "Telemundo __knowledge__ Telemundo () is an American Spanish-language terrestrial television network owned by Comcast through the NBCUniversal division NBCUniversal Telemundo Enterprises.", "Telemundo __knowledge__ It is the second largest provider of Spanish-language content nationwide behind American competitor Univision, with programming syndicated worldwide to more than 100 countries in over 35 languages.", "Telemundo __knowledge__ The channel broadcasts programs and original content aimed at Hispanic and Latino American audiences in the United States and worldwide, consisting of telenovelas, sports, reality television, news programming, and films — either imported or Spanish-dubbed.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ \"She Loves You\" is a song written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney and recorded by English rock group the Beatles for release as a single in 1963.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ The single set and surpassed several records in the United Kingdom charts, and set a record in the United States as one of the five Beatles songs that held the top five positions in the charts simultaneously, on 4 April 1964.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ It is their best-selling single and the best selling single of the 1960s in the United Kingdom.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In November 2004, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked \"She Loves You\" number 64 on their list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time.", "She Loves You __knowledge__ In August 2009, at the end of its \"Beatles Weekend\", BBC Radio 2 announced that \"She Loves You\" was the Beatles' all-time best-selling single in the UK based on information compiled by The Official Charts Company.", "Telenovela Channel __knowledge__ Telenovela Channel (informally abbreviated TNC, stylized as TeleNovela Channel) is a telenovela-based cable channel in the Philippines network owned by Beginnings at Twenty Plus, Inc. with the partnership of Televisa.", "Telenovela Channel __knowledge__ The channel operates non-stop 24/7.", "Telenovela Channel __knowledge__ It is the first and only telenovela channel.", "Telenovela Channel __knowledge__ It aired its first test broadcast from August to September 2011; regular broadcast started in November 14, 2011.", "Telenovela Channel __knowledge__ First in Asia, the channel will afford viewers the chance to watch their favorite Televisa-produced Mexican telenovelas anytime of the day.", "Telenovela Channel __knowledge__ The Telenovela Channel has been made possible through a partnership between Beginnings at Twenty Plus, Inc. and Televisa, which is the exclusive producer and international distributor of telenovelas for this channel.", "Television in Brazil __knowledge__ Television in Brazil has grown significantly since the first broadcasts in 1950, becoming one of largest and most productive commercial television systems in the world.", "Television in Brazil __knowledge__ Its biggest network, Rede Globo, is the second largest commercial network in the world, and is one of the largest television exporters around the world, particularly of telenovelas, which have become popular in many countries.", "Television in Brazil __knowledge__ The first broadcasts in Brazil were for the 1950 World Cup, which the country hosted.", "Television in Brazil __knowledge__ Television was formally introduced on September 18 in that same year, with the launch of the now-defunct TV Tupi by media mogul Assis Chateaubriand.", "Soap opera __knowledge__ A soap opera or soap, is a serial drama on television or radio that examines the lives of many characters, usually focusing on emotional relationships to the point of melodrama.", "Soap opera __knowledge__ The term \"soap opera\" originated from such dramas in the past being typically sponsored by soap manufacturers.", "Soap opera __knowledge__ The first serial considered to be a \"soap opera\" was \"Painted Dreams\", which debuted on October 20, 1930 on Chicago radio station WGN.", "Soap opera __knowledge__ Early radio series such as \"Painted Dreams\" were broadcast in weekday daytime slots, usually five days a week, when most of the listeners would be housewives; thus, the shows were aimed at and consumed by a predominantly female audience.", "Todd Manning __knowledge__ Thomas Todd Manning is a fictional character from the American daytime drama \"One Life to Live\" (\"OLTL\").", "Todd Manning __knowledge__ Created by writer Michael Malone, the role was originated in 1992 by actor Roger Howarth.", "Todd Manning __knowledge__ Todd was a college student and fraternity brother to Kevin Buchanan, Zach Rosen, and Powell Lord.", "Todd Manning __knowledge__ In 1993, following a storyline in which he becomes acquainted with Marty Saybrooke, he initiates a gang rape on her with the help of Zach and Powell.", "Todd Manning __knowledge__ The storyline was considered groundbreaking by television critics.", "Todd Manning __knowledge__ Its main players—Howarth, Susan Haskell (Marty), and Hillary B. Smith (Todd's lawyer Nora Hanen)—won Emmys in 1994, as did Malone and his writing team.", "Serial (radio and television) __knowledge__ In television and radio programming, a serial has a continuing plot that unfolds in a sequential episode-by-episode fashion.", "Serial (radio and television) __knowledge__ Serials typically follow main story arcs that span entire television seasons or even the full run of the series, which distinguishes them from traditional episodic television that relies on more stand-alone episodes.", "Serial (radio and television) __knowledge__ Worldwide, the soap opera is the most prominent form of serial dramatic programming.", "Serial (radio and television) __knowledge__ Serials rely on keeping the full nature of the story hidden and revealing elements episode by episode to keep viewers tuning in to learn more.", "Serial (radio and television) __knowledge__ Often these shows employ recapping segments at the beginning and cliffhangers at the end of each episode.", "Thai television soap opera __knowledge__ Soap operas are a popular genre of Thai television.", "Thai television soap opera __knowledge__ They are known in Thai as (, lit.", "Thai television soap opera __knowledge__ \"television drama\") or (\"lakhon\", , or \"lakorn\").", "Thai television soap opera __knowledge__ They are shown generally at prime-time on Thai television channels, starting at 20:30.", "Thai television soap opera __knowledge__ (on Friday nights the lakhorns is interrupted, or broadcast on delay, due to simulcast of The Government-required Weekly Address by the Prime Minister of Thailand that begun after 2014 Thai coup d'état the lakhorns resumed already in progress after Weekly Address is ended on 21:00 or 20:50 or later in some nights) An episode of a prime-time drama is two hours long including commercials.", "Supercouple __knowledge__ A supercouple or super couple (also known as a power couple) is a popular or wealthy pairing that intrigues and fascinates the public in an intense or obsessive fashion.", "Supercouple __knowledge__ The term originated in the United States, and was coined in the early 1980s when intense public interest in fictional soap opera couple Luke Spencer and Laura Webber, from \"General Hospital\", made the pair a popular culture phenomenon.", "Supercouple __knowledge__ The term \"supercouple\" typically refers to fictional couples from television dramas and film, such as \"Gone with the Wind\"s Rhett Butler and Scarlett O'Hara.", "Supercouple __knowledge__ With regard to real-life pairings, tabloids and the mainstream media have focused on wealthy or popular celebrity couples, and have titled them supercouples or power couples.", "One Life to Live __knowledge__ One Life to Live (often abbreviated as OLTL) is an American soap opera broadcast on the ABC television network for more than 43 years, from July 15, 1968, to January 13, 2012, and then on the internet as a web series on Hulu and iTunes via The Online Network from April 29 to August 19, 2013.", "One Life to Live __knowledge__ Created by Agnes Nixon, the series was the first daytime drama to primarily feature ethnically and socioeconomically diverse characters and consistently emphasize social issues.", "One Life to Live __knowledge__ \"One Life to Live\" was expanded from 30 minutes to 45 minutes on July 26, 1976, and then to an hour on January 16, 1978.", "One Life to Live __knowledge__ \"One Life to Live\" heavily focuses on the members and relationships of the Lord family." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Telenovela __knowledge__ A telenovela ( or ; , ), ) is a type of limited-run television serial drama or soap opera produced primarily in Latin America.", "Telenovela __knowledge__ The word combines \"tele\", short for \"televisión\" or \"televisão\" (Spanish and Portuguese words for \"television\"), and \"novela\", a Spanish and Portuguese word for \"novel\".", "Telenovela __knowledge__ Similar genres around the world include teleserye (Philippines), téléroman (Canada, specifically Quebec), or simply dramas (Asia and the rest of the Arab World).", "Telenovela __knowledge__ In Spain, they are also called \"culebrones\" (\"long snakes\") because of the convoluted plots.", "Telenovela __knowledge__ Commonly described using the American colloquialism Spanish soap opera, many telenovelas share some stylistic and thematic similarities to the soap opera familiar to the English-speaking world.", "Telenovela __knowledge__ The significant difference is their series run length; telenovelas tell one self-contained story, typically within the span of a year or less whereas soap operas tend to have intertwined storylines told during indefinite, continuing runs.", "Telenovela __knowledge__ This makes them shorter than most other television series, but still much longer than a miniseries.", "Telenovela __knowledge__ This planned run results in a faster-paced, more concise style of melodrama compared to a typical soap opera.", "Telenovela __knowledge__ Episodes of telenovelas usually last between 30 and 45 minutes, and rarely more than an hour, except for final episodes.", "Tachyon __knowledge__ A tachyon or tachyonic particle is a hypothetical particle that always moves faster than light.", "Tachyon __knowledge__ Most physicists believe that faster-than-light particles cannot exist because they are not consistent with the known laws of physics.", "Tachyon __knowledge__ If such particles did exist, they could be used to build a tachyonic antitelephone and send signals faster than light, which (according to special relativity) would lead to violations of causality.", "Tachyon __knowledge__ The possibility of particles moving faster than light was first proposed by O. M. P. Bilaniuk, V. K. Deshpande, and E. C. G. Sudarshan in 1962, although the term they used for it was \"meta-particle\".", "Faster-than-light __knowledge__ Faster-than-light (also superluminal or FTL) communication and travel refer to the propagation of information or matter faster than the speed of light.", "Faster-than-light __knowledge__ The special theory of relativity implies that only particles with zero rest mass may travel at the speed of light.", "Faster-than-light __knowledge__ Tachyons, particles whose speed exceeds that of light, have been hypothesized but the existence of such particles would violate causality and the consensus of physicists is that such particles cannot exist.", "Faster-than-light __knowledge__ On the other hand, what some physicists refer to as \"apparent\" or \"effective\" FTL depends on the hypothesis that unusually distorted regions of spacetime might permit matter to reach distant locations in less time than light could in normal or undistorted spacetime.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (N–Z) __knowledge__ Through his adventures, Fawcett Comics/DC Comics superhero Captain Marvel and his Marvel Family gained a host of enemies, including the following: Only appearing in \"Captain Marvel Adventures\" #139.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (N–Z) __knowledge__ Niatpac Levram was the creation of the devilish Wizzo the Wizard!", "List of Marvel Family enemies (N–Z) __knowledge__ The wizard created Levram as a mirror duplicate of Captain Marvel by casting a spell and animating Cap's image from a mirror.", "List of Marvel Family enemies (N–Z) __knowledge__ Wizzo used Niatpac Levram to wreak havoc on Captain Marvel's city for the sole purpose of graduating from the School of Black Magicians!", "List of Marvel Family enemies (N–Z) __knowledge__ Cap was able to defeat Wizzo and send Nia back to the mirror universe!", "List of Marvel Family enemies (N–Z) __knowledge__ 1948, \"Mary Marvel\" #24.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ The \"Warriors\" novel series is written by Erin Hunter.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Due to the large number of characters present in the novel series, this list is divided by Clan, e.g., all characters in ThunderClan are listed together.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Each cat has a prefix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawn, Violet etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ As a young kit they will have -kit at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnkit Violetkit.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When they are an apprentice -paw will be at the end of their name.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnpaw Violetpaw.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ When that cat is a warrior or medicine cat they will have a suffix.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: -fur -pelt -cloud -flame -wing -song etc.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ Eg: Dawnsong Violetflame.", "List of Warriors characters __knowledge__ That is if they are in one of the clans like ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, Skyclan.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ Supernatural is an American television drama series created by writer and producer Eric Kripke, and was initially broadcast by The WB.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ After its first season, The WB and UPN merged to form The CW, which is the current broadcaster for the show in the United States.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ The show features two main characters, Jared Padalecki as Sam Winchester and Jensen Ackles as Dean Winchester, brothers who travel across the country in a black 1967 Chevrolet Impala to hunt demons, supernatural creatures, and other paranormal entities, many of them based on folklore, myths, and American urban legends.", "List of Supernatural characters __knowledge__ In addition, \"Supernatural\" chronicles the relationship between the brothers and their father, John Winchester, as they seek to avenge and understand the murder of their mother at the hands of the demon Azazel.", "Glacier __knowledge__ A glacier ( or ) is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving under its own weight; it forms where the accumulation of snow exceeds its ablation (melting and sublimation) over many years, often centuries.", "Glacier __knowledge__ Glaciers slowly deform and flow due to stresses induced by their weight, creating crevasses, seracs, and other distinguishing features.", "Glacier __knowledge__ They also abrade rock and debris from their substrate to create landforms such as cirques and moraines.", "Glacier __knowledge__ Glaciers form only on land and are distinct from the much thinner sea ice and lake ice that form on the surface of bodies of water.", "Glacier __knowledge__ On Earth, 99% of glacial ice is contained within vast ice sheets in the polar regions, but glaciers may be found in mountain ranges on every continent including Oceania's high-latitude oceanic islands such as New Zealand and Papua New Guinea.", "Emmanuel Macron __knowledge__ Emmanuel Jean-Michel Frédéric Macron (; born 21 December 1977) is a French politician serving as President of France and \"ex officio\" Co-Prince of Andorra since 14 May 2017.", "Emmanuel Macron __knowledge__ Before entering politics, he was a senior civil servant and investment banker.", "Emmanuel Macron __knowledge__ Macron studied philosophy at Paris Nanterre University, completed a Master's of Public Affairs at Sciences Po, and graduated from the École nationale d'administration (ÉNA) in 2004.", "Emmanuel Macron __knowledge__ He worked at the Inspectorate General of Finances, and later became an investment banker at Rothschild & Cie Banque.", "Emmanuel Macron __knowledge__ Macron was appointed Deputy Secretary General in François Hollande's first government in May 2012, having been a member of the Socialist Party from 2006 to 2009.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Friday the 13th is an American horror franchise that consists of twelve slasher films, a television show, novels, and comic books.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ The main villain in the series is Jason Voorhees, who drowned at Camp Crystal Lake as a boy due to the negligence of the teenage counselors.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Decades later, the lake is rumored to be \"cursed\" and is the setting for a series of mass murders.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Jason is featured in all of the films, either as the killer or as the motivation for the killings.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Each entry in the series features a different cast of characters, including a final girl who defeats the killer in the end.", "List of Friday the 13th characters __knowledge__ Recurring characters in the series include Jason's vengeful mother Pamela Voorhees, Alice Hardy, Tommy Jarvis and Crazy Ralph.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ \"The Simpsons\" includes a large array of supporting characters: co-workers, teachers, family friends, extended relatives, townspeople, local celebrities, fictional characters within the show, and even animals.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ The writers originally intended many of these characters as one-time jokes or for fulfilling needed functions in the town.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ A number of them have gained expanded roles and have subsequently starred in their own episodes.", "List of recurring The Simpsons characters __knowledge__ According to the creator of \"The Simpsons\", Matt Groening, the show adopted the concept of a large supporting cast from the Canadian sketch comedy show \"Second City Television\".", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\"", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ is an American television series created for ABC by Joss Whedon, Jed Whedon, and Maurissa Tancharoen, based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ (Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division), a fictional peacekeeping and spy agency in a world of superheroes.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the feature and short films of the franchise.", "List of Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. characters __knowledge__ The series stars Clark Gregg, reprising his role of Phil Coulson from the films, as well as Ming-Na Wen, Brett Dalton, Chloe Bennet, Iain De Caestecker, and Elizabeth Henstridge.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ The following list describes each of the characters from the popular webseries \"Red vs. Blue\", originally created by Rooster Teeth Productions.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ Colonel Sarge is the leader of the Red Team on Blood Gulch.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ He is voiced by Matt Hullum, co-creator of the series, and first appeared at the end of .", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ He has a Southern accent.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ Sarge is somewhat bloodthirsty, and the only Blood Gulch soldier on either team to actually be serious about war.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ It is mentioned that he has a military background and briefly joined the ODSTs.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ His preferred weapon is a shotgun, which he carries at all times.", "List of Red vs. Blue characters __knowledge__ He has a passionate disgust for Grif, demonstrated by his repeated willingness to sacrifice Grif during combat missions as well as how all of his contingency plans are to kill Grif.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ The BBC Television Shakespeare is a series of British television adaptations of the plays of William Shakespeare, created by Cedric Messina and broadcast by BBC Television.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ Transmitted in the UK from 3 December 1978 to 27 April 1985, the series spanned seven seasons and thirty-seven episodes.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ Development began in 1975 when Messina saw that the grounds of Glamis Castle would make a perfect location for an adaptation of Shakespeare's \"As You Like It\" for the \"Play of the Month\" series.", "BBC Television Shakespeare __knowledge__ Upon returning to London, however, he had come to envision an entire series devoted exclusively to the dramatic works of Shakespeare.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Having reformed from his violent ways, Bigby (a.k.a.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ the Big Bad Wolf) became the cigarette-smoking, trench coat-clad sheriff of Fabletown.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is extremely cunning and resourceful, in addition to being an excellent detective.", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ Due to Snow White's possession of a lycanthropy-stained knife, he is now a werewolf and can change between wolf form, human form and an intermediate \"wolfman\" stage at will (in \"The Great Fables Crossover\", it is revealed that Bigby's nature as one of the North Wind's sons allows him to change forms at will).", "List of Fables characters __knowledge__ He is the son of the North Wind, and, as such, has control over the lower-tier winds, plus the \"huff and puff\" of legend." ] ]

[ 1, 3, 6, 8, 7 ]

[ "Those are serial dramas produced in latin america, right?", "There are some others like teleserye from the Phillipines and teleroman from Canada. You may like those as well.", "I know that one significant difference is that they are usually about on self-contained story whereas the soap operas we have here go on and on.", "But apparently it makes for a much more fast-paced more concise style. So I think people like them specifically for that reason.", "So I guess they end up being shorter than the series here in the US but then longer than a miniseries." ]

[ "Telenovela", "Telenovela", "Telenovela", "Telenovela", "Telenovela" ]

[ "Sushi\nHi, do you like sushi?", "I like all kinds of sushi, but never tried it with brown rice", "I like the ginger. What is your favorite kind of roll?", "Cool. I like any roll with crab meat in it" ]

[ [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi can be prepared with either brown or white rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ It is often prepared with raw seafood, but some varieties of sushi use cooked ingredients, and many others are vegetarian.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often served with pickled ginger, wasabi, and soy sauce.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Daikon radish is popular as a garnish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often confused with sashimi, a related Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced raw fish or occasionally meat, and an optional serving of rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi originates in a Southeast Asian dish, known today as \"narezushi\" ( – \"salted fish\"), stored in fermented rice for possibly months at a time.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The lacto-fermentation of the rice prevented the fish from spoiling; the rice would be discarded before consumption of the fish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ This early type of sushi became an important source of protein for its Japanese consumers.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The term \"sushi\" comes from an antiquated grammatical form no longer used in other contexts, and literally means \"sour-tasting\"; the overall dish has a sour and umami or savoury taste.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Narezushi still exists as a regional specialty, notably as \"funa-zushi\" from Shiga Prefecture.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Vinegar began to be added to the preparation of narezushi in the Muromachi period (1336–1573) for the sake of enhancing both taste and preservation.", "Neneh Cherry __knowledge__ Neneh Mariann Karlsson (born 10 March 1964), better known as Neneh Cherry, is a Swedish singer-songwriter, rapper, and occasional DJ and broadcaster.", "Neneh Cherry __knowledge__ To date, Cherry has released four studio albums.", "Neneh Cherry __knowledge__ Her first, \"Raw Like Sushi\" was released 1989 and peaked at number 3 in the UK Singles Chart.", "Neneh Cherry __knowledge__ Her second studio album was 1992's \"Homebrew\", which was less successful.", "Neneh Cherry __knowledge__ 4 years later she released \"Man\", and then released her most recent studio album \"Blank Project\" in 2014.", "Neneh Cherry __knowledge__ In addition to releasing these studio albums, she formed the band cirKus in 2006 and has collaborated with The Thing, releasing an album entitled \"The Cherry Thing\" in 2012.", "Eric Martin (musician) __knowledge__ Eric Lee Martin (born October 10, 1960 in Long Island, New York) is an American rock singer/musician active throughout the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s both as a solo artist and as a member of various bands.", "Eric Martin (musician) __knowledge__ He earned his most prominent success as the frontman for the hard rock band Mr. Big, a supergroup (currently reunited) who scored a big hit in the early 1990s with \"To Be with You,\" a song that Martin wrote during his teen years.", "Eric Martin (musician) __knowledge__ A local of the San Francisco Bay Area, Martin first started his career in the music industry in 1978.", "Eric Martin (musician) __knowledge__ Eric is the son of Frederick Lee \"Pepper\" Martin and Iris Martin.", "Eric Martin (musician) __knowledge__ He has three younger siblings Dan, Joan and Laurie; and is half-Irish, half-Italian.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The history of sushi began with paddy fields in Southeast Asia, where fish was fermented with salt and rice, after which the rice was discarded.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The dish is today known as \"narezushi\", and was introduced to Japan around the Yayoi period.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ In the Muromachi period, people began to eat the rice as well as the fish.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ During the Edo period, vinegar rather than fermented rice began to be used.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ In pre-modern times and modern times, it has become a form of fast food strongly associated with Japanese culture.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The earliest form of sushi, a dish today known as narezushi, has its probable origin with paddy fields along the Mekong river in Southeast Asia.", "Raw Like Sushi II __knowledge__ Raw Like Sushi II is a live album by the hard rock band Mr. Big and is the second in the \"Raw Sushi\" collection.", "Raw Like Sushi II __knowledge__ It was released in 1992.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ , literally \"rotation sushi\", also called , is a form of sushi restaurant common in Japan.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ In Australasia, it is also known as a sushi train.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ Kaiten-zushi is a sushi restaurant where the plates with the sushi are placed on a rotating conveyor belt or moat that winds through the restaurant and moves past every table, counter and seat.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ Customers may place special orders, but most simply pick their selections from a steady stream of fresh sushi moving along the conveyor belt.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ The final bill is based on the number and type of plates of the consumed sushi.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ Some restaurants use a fancier presentation such as miniature wooden \"sushi boats\" traveling small canals or miniature locomotive cars.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ A sushi machine or sushi robot is a mechanical device that automatically creates various styles of sushi.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ Several are electrically powered.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ Some sushi machines produce mounds of sushi rice for creating nigiri.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ This style of sushi machine may use a hopper that is filled with sushi rice, from where the rice is fed into the machine and the sushi rice mounds are formed and then ejected.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ After the rice mounds are ejected, sashimi and other ingredients are then manually placed atop them.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ Some sushi machines can produce sushi rolls, whereby the machine automatically flattens rice into sheets, adds various ingredients such as sashimi, nori (edible seaweed) and vegetables, rolls them up and then slices the rolls into separate pieces." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi can be prepared with either brown or white rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ It is often prepared with raw seafood, but some varieties of sushi use cooked ingredients, and many others are vegetarian.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often served with pickled ginger, wasabi, and soy sauce.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Daikon radish is popular as a garnish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often confused with sashimi, a related Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced raw fish or occasionally meat, and an optional serving of rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi originates in a Southeast Asian dish, known today as \"narezushi\" ( – \"salted fish\"), stored in fermented rice for possibly months at a time.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The lacto-fermentation of the rice prevented the fish from spoiling; the rice would be discarded before consumption of the fish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ This early type of sushi became an important source of protein for its Japanese consumers.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The term \"sushi\" comes from an antiquated grammatical form no longer used in other contexts, and literally means \"sour-tasting\"; the overall dish has a sour and umami or savoury taste.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Narezushi still exists as a regional specialty, notably as \"funa-zushi\" from Shiga Prefecture.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Vinegar began to be added to the preparation of narezushi in the Muromachi period (1336–1573) for the sake of enhancing both taste and preservation.", "Rice __knowledge__ Rice is the seed of the grass species \"Oryza sativa\" (Asian rice) or \"Oryza glaberrima\" (African rice).", "Rice __knowledge__ As a cereal grain, it is the most widely consumed staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in Asia.", "Rice __knowledge__ It is the agricultural commodity with the third-highest worldwide production (rice, 741.5 million tonnes in 2014), after sugarcane (1.9 billion tonnes) and maize (1.0 billion tonnes).", "Rice __knowledge__ Since sizable portions of sugarcane and maize crops are used for purposes other than human consumption, rice is the most important grain with regard to human nutrition and caloric intake, providing more than one-fifth of the calories consumed worldwide by humans.", "Japanese rice __knowledge__ Japanese rice refers to a number of short-grain cultivars of Japonica rice including ordinary rice (\"uruchimai\") and glutinous rice (\"mochigome\").", "Japanese rice __knowledge__ Ordinary Japanese rice, or \"uruchimai\" () is the staple of the Japanese diet and consists of short translucent grains.", "Japanese rice __knowledge__ When cooked it has a sticky texture such that it can easily be picked up and eaten with chopsticks.", "Japanese rice __knowledge__ Outside Japan it is sometimes labeled sushi rice, as this is one of its common uses.", "Japanese rice __knowledge__ It is also used to produce sake.", "Japanese rice __knowledge__ Glutinous rice, known in Japan as \"mochigome\" (), is used for making mochi () and special dishes such as sekihan.", "Japanese rice __knowledge__ It is a short-grain rice, and can be distinguished from \"uruchimai\" by its particularly short, round and opaque grains, its greater stickiness when cooked, and firmer and chewier texture.", "Brown rice syrup __knowledge__ Brown rice (malt) syrup, also known as rice syrup or rice malt, is a sweetener which is rich in compounds categorized as sugars and is derived by culturing cooked rice starch with saccharifying enzymes to break down the starches, followed by straining off the liquid and reducing it by evaporative heating until the desired consistency is reached.", "Brown rice syrup __knowledge__ The enzymes used in the saccharification step are supplied by an addition of sprouted barley grains to the rice starch (the traditional method) or by adding bacterial- or fungal-derived purified enzyme isolates (the modern, industrialized method).", "Brown rice syrup __knowledge__ In traditional practices, brown rice syrup is created by adding a small amount of sprouted barley grains (barley malt) to cooked, whole brown rice in a solution of heated water, similar to the production of beer wort.", "Brown rice __knowledge__ Brown rice is whole grain rice, with the inedible outer hull removed; white rice is the same grain with the hull, bran layer and cereal germ removed.", "Brown rice __knowledge__ Red rice, gold rice, and black rice (sometimes known as purple rice) are all whole rices, but with a differently-pigmented outer layer.", "Brown rice __knowledge__ Any type of rice may be eaten whole.", "Brown rice __knowledge__ Whole rice has a mild, nutty flavor, and is chewier.", "Brown rice __knowledge__ Rice plants accumulate arsenic, and there have been concerns over excessive arsenic levels in rice.", "Brown rice __knowledge__ There is more arsenic in the bran, so brown rice contains more arsenic.", "Brown rice __knowledge__ The European Union has introduced regulations on arsenic in rice, but the United States has not.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japanese cuisine encompasses the regional and traditional foods of Japan, which have developed through centuries of social and economic changes.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ The is based on rice with miso soup and other dishes; there is an emphasis on seasonal ingredients.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Side dishes often consist of fish, pickled vegetables, and vegetables cooked in broth.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood is common, often grilled, but also served raw as sashimi or in sushi.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood and vegetables are also deep-fried in a light batter, as tempura.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Apart from rice, staples include noodles, such as soba and udon.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japan also has many simmered dishes such as fish products in broth called oden, or beef in sukiyaki and nikujaga.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ A rice cooker or rice steamer is an automated kitchen appliance designed to boil or steam rice.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ It consists of a heat source, a cooking bowl, and a thermostat.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ The thermostat measures the temperature of the cooking bowl and controls the heat.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ Complex rice cookers may have many more sensors and other components, and may be multipurpose.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ The term rice cooker formerly applied to non-automated dedicated rice-cooking utensils, which have an ancient history (a ceramic rice steamer dated to 1250 BC is on display in the British Museum).", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ It now applies mostly to automated cookers.", "Rice cooker __knowledge__ Electric rice cookers were developed in Japan, where they are known as pressure cookers ." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi can be prepared with either brown or white rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ It is often prepared with raw seafood, but some varieties of sushi use cooked ingredients, and many others are vegetarian.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often served with pickled ginger, wasabi, and soy sauce.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Daikon radish is popular as a garnish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often confused with sashimi, a related Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced raw fish or occasionally meat, and an optional serving of rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi originates in a Southeast Asian dish, known today as \"narezushi\" ( – \"salted fish\"), stored in fermented rice for possibly months at a time.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The lacto-fermentation of the rice prevented the fish from spoiling; the rice would be discarded before consumption of the fish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ This early type of sushi became an important source of protein for its Japanese consumers.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The term \"sushi\" comes from an antiquated grammatical form no longer used in other contexts, and literally means \"sour-tasting\"; the overall dish has a sour and umami or savoury taste.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Narezushi still exists as a regional specialty, notably as \"funa-zushi\" from Shiga Prefecture.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Vinegar began to be added to the preparation of narezushi in the Muromachi period (1336–1573) for the sake of enhancing both taste and preservation.", "My Favorite Kind of Geniie __knowledge__ My Favorite Kind of Geniie () is Taiwanese Mandopop artist Genie Chuo's () fourth Mandarin studio album.", "My Favorite Kind of Geniie __knowledge__ It was released by Rock Records on 7 November 2008 with two album cover versions: \"My Favorite Kind of Geniie (Sexy Edition)\" (超級喜歡 [初] 輕熟性感盤) and \"My Favorite Kind of Geniie (Sweet Edition)\" (超級喜歡 [漾] 可口甜心盤) both with the same bonus DVD.", "My Favorite Kind of Geniie __knowledge__ Two more editions were released: \"My Favorite Kind of Geniie (Collectable Edition)\" (超級喜歡 獨家快樂珍藏盤) on 23 December 2008 and \"My Favorite Kind of Geniie (New Year Edition)\" (超級喜歡 新春感謝回饋盤) on 20 January 2009, both with different bonus DVD.", "My Favorite Kind of Geniie __knowledge__ Four editions were released by Rock Records:", "List of As Told by Ginger characters __knowledge__ Throughout the various episodes in \"As Told by Ginger\", a number of recurring characters appear.", "List of As Told by Ginger characters __knowledge__ Prominent characters are listed here.", "List of As Told by Ginger characters __knowledge__ Ginger Foutley is an average 14-year-old girl and the main protagonist in the series.", "List of As Told by Ginger characters __knowledge__ She was not considered \"popular\" until Courtney Gripling, the stereotypical \"school diva\", decided to befriend her.", "List of As Told by Ginger characters __knowledge__ Through Ginger, Courtney is able to view how the world works outside of the popular clique.", "List of As Told by Ginger characters __knowledge__ However, Courtney's \"right-hand woman\", Miranda Killgallen, becomes increasingly jealous of Courtney and Ginger's relationship, and stops at nothing to relegate Ginger to her previous role of geek.", "Brian Stack __knowledge__ Brian Stack (born August 18, 1964) is an American actor, comedian, and writer best known for his sketch comedy work on all three Conan O'Brien late-night talk shows, previously working on \"Late Night with Conan O'Brien\" and \"The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien\", and on O'Brien's current talk show, \"Conan\" on TBS.", "Brian Stack __knowledge__ Stack left \"Conan\" in April 2015 to join the writing staff of the CBS series \"The Late Show with Stephen Colbert\".", "Brian Stack __knowledge__ Stack was born in Chicago, Illinois.", "Brian Stack __knowledge__ He attended Catholic schools from grades 5-12, graduating from St. Viator High School in Arlington Heights, Illinois.", "Brian Stack __knowledge__ He earned an undergraduate degree from Indiana University, where he was inducted into Phi Beta Kappa.", "Musicianship of Brian Wilson __knowledge__ The songwriting of American musician Brian Wilson, co-founder and multi-tasking leader of the Beach Boys, is widely considered to be among the most innovative and significant of the late 20th century.", "Musicianship of Brian Wilson __knowledge__ His combined arranging, producing, and songwriting skills also made him a major innovator in the field of music production.", "Musicianship of Brian Wilson __knowledge__ In a 1966 article that asks \"Do the Beach Boys rely too much on sound genius Brian?\"", "Musicianship of Brian Wilson __knowledge__ brother and bandmate Carl Wilson said that every member of the group contributes ideas, that Brian was most responsible for their music.", "Musicianship of Brian Wilson __knowledge__ Dennis Wilson said: \"Brian Wilson \"is\" the Beach Boys.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The cuisine of the United States reflects its history.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The European colonization of the Americas yielded the introduction of a number of ingredients and cooking styles to the latter.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ The various styles continued expanding well into the 19th and 20th centuries, proportional to the influx of immigrants from many different nations; such influx developed a rich diversity in food preparation throughout the country.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ Early Native Americans utilized a number of cooking methods in early American Cuisine that have been blended with early European cooking methods to form the basis of American Cuisine.", "Cuisine of the United States __knowledge__ When the colonists came to the colonies, they farmed animals for clothing and meat in a similar fashion to what they had done in Europe.", "Jan Ullrich __knowledge__ Jan Ullrich (); born 2 December 1973) is a German former professional road bicycle racer.", "Jan Ullrich __knowledge__ Ullrich won gold and silver medals in the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney.", "Jan Ullrich __knowledge__ He won the 1999 Vuelta a España and the HEW Cyclassics in front of a home crowd in Hamburg in 1997.", "Jan Ullrich __knowledge__ He had podium finishes in the hilly classic Clásica de San Sebastián.", "Jan Ullrich __knowledge__ His victorious ride in the 1997 Tour de France led to a bicycle boom in Germany.", "Jan Ullrich __knowledge__ He retired in February 2007.", "Jan Ullrich __knowledge__ In 2006, Ullrich was barred from the Tour de France amid speculation of having doped.", "Jan Ullrich __knowledge__ In February 2012, Ullrich was found guilty of a doping offence by the Court of Arbitration for Sport.", "Ginger __knowledge__ Ginger (\"Zingiber officinale\") is a flowering plant whose rhizome, ginger root or simply ginger, is widely used as a spice or a folk medicine.", "Ginger __knowledge__ It is a herbaceous perennial which grows annual pseudostems (false stems made of the rolled bases of leaves) about a meter tall bearing narrow leaf blades.", "Ginger __knowledge__ The inflorescences bear pale yellow with purple flowers and arise directly from the rhizome on separate shoots.", "Ginger __knowledge__ Ginger is in the family Zingiberaceae, to which also belong turmeric (\"Curcuma longa\"), cardamom (\"Elettaria cardamomum\"), and galangal.", "Ginger __knowledge__ Ginger originated in the tropical rainforests from the Indian subcontinent to Southern Asia where ginger plants show considerable genetic variation.", "Soy sauce __knowledge__ Soy sauce (also called soya sauce in British English) is a liquid condiment of Chinese origin, made from a fermented paste of soybeans, roasted grain, brine, and \"Aspergillus oryzae\" or \"Aspergillus sojae\" molds.", "Soy sauce __knowledge__ Soy sauce in its current form was created about 2,200 years ago during the Western Han dynasty of ancient China, and spread throughout East and Southeast Asia where it is used in cooking and as a condiment.", "Soy sauce __knowledge__ Soy sauce (酱油) is considered almost as old as soy paste — a type of fermented paste (Jiang, ) obtained from soybeans — which had appeared during the Western Han dynasty and was listed in the bamboo slips found in the archaeological site Mawangdui.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ Filipino cuisine (Filipino: \"Lutuing Filipino\" or \"Pagkaing Filipino\") is composed of the cuisines of 135 distinct ethno-linguistic tribes found within the Philippine archipelago, however, majority of mainstream Filipino dishes that compose Filipino cuisine are from the cuisines of the Bikol, Chabakano, Hiligaynon, Ilokano, Kapampangan, Meranaw, Pangasinan, Sebwano (or Bisaya), Tagalog, and Waray ethno-linguistic tribes.", "Filipino cuisine __knowledge__ The style of cooking and the food associated with it have evolved over many centuries from their Austronesian origins (shared with Malaysian and Indonesian cuisines) to a mixed cuisine of Indian, Chinese, Spanish, and American influences, in line with the major waves of influence that had enriched the cultures of the archipelago, as well as others adapted to indigenous ingredients and the local palate.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu, also known as bean curd, is a food cultivated by coagulating soy milk and then pressing the resulting curds into soft white blocks.", "Tofu __knowledge__ It is a component in East Asian and Southeast Asian cuisines.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu can be soft, firm, or extra firm.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu has a subtle flavor and can be used in savory and sweet dishes.", "Tofu __knowledge__ It is often seasoned or marinated to suit the dish.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu has a low calorie count and relatively large amounts of protein.", "Tofu __knowledge__ It is high in iron, and it can have a high calcium or magnesium content, depending on the coagulants used in manufacturing (e.g.", "Tofu __knowledge__ calcium chloride, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate).", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japanese cuisine encompasses the regional and traditional foods of Japan, which have developed through centuries of social and economic changes.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ The is based on rice with miso soup and other dishes; there is an emphasis on seasonal ingredients.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Side dishes often consist of fish, pickled vegetables, and vegetables cooked in broth.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood is common, often grilled, but also served raw as sashimi or in sushi.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood and vegetables are also deep-fried in a light batter, as tempura.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Apart from rice, staples include noodles, such as soba and udon.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japan also has many simmered dishes such as fish products in broth called oden, or beef in sukiyaki and nikujaga.", "Soybean __knowledge__ Glycine max, commonly known as soybean in North America or soya bean, is a species of legume native to East Asia, widely grown for its edible bean which has numerous uses.", "Soybean __knowledge__ Fat-free (defatted) soybean meal is a significant and cheap source of protein for animal feeds and many packaged meals.", "Soybean __knowledge__ For example, soybean products, such as textured vegetable protein (TVP), are ingredients in many meat and dairy substitutes.", "Soybean __knowledge__ The beans contain significant amounts of phytic acid, dietary minerals and B vitamins.", "Soybean __knowledge__ Soy vegetable oil, used in food and industrial applications, is another product of processing the soybean crop.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ Malaysian cuisine consists of cooking traditions and practices found in Malaysia, and reflects the multiethnic makeup of its population.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ The vast majority of Malaysia's population can roughly be divided among three major ethnic groups: Malays, Chinese and Indians.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ The remainder consists of the indigenous peoples of Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia, the Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia, the Peranakan and Eurasian creole communities, as well as a significant number of foreign workers and expatriates.", "Malaysian cuisine __knowledge__ As a result of historical migrations, colonisation by foreign powers, and its geographical position within its wider home region, Malaysia's culinary style in the present day is primarily a melange of traditions from its Malay, Chinese, Indian, Indonesian and ethnic Bornean citizens, with heavy to light influences from Thai, Portuguese, Dutch, and British cuisines, to name a few." ], [ "no_passages_used __knowledge__ no_passages_used", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi can be prepared with either brown or white rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ It is often prepared with raw seafood, but some varieties of sushi use cooked ingredients, and many others are vegetarian.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often served with pickled ginger, wasabi, and soy sauce.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Daikon radish is popular as a garnish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi is often confused with sashimi, a related Japanese dish consisting of thinly sliced raw fish or occasionally meat, and an optional serving of rice.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Sushi originates in a Southeast Asian dish, known today as \"narezushi\" ( – \"salted fish\"), stored in fermented rice for possibly months at a time.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The lacto-fermentation of the rice prevented the fish from spoiling; the rice would be discarded before consumption of the fish.", "Sushi __knowledge__ This early type of sushi became an important source of protein for its Japanese consumers.", "Sushi __knowledge__ The term \"sushi\" comes from an antiquated grammatical form no longer used in other contexts, and literally means \"sour-tasting\"; the overall dish has a sour and umami or savoury taste.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Narezushi still exists as a regional specialty, notably as \"funa-zushi\" from Shiga Prefecture.", "Sushi __knowledge__ Vinegar began to be added to the preparation of narezushi in the Muromachi period (1336–1573) for the sake of enhancing both taste and preservation.", "Crab meat __knowledge__ Crab meat or crabmeat is the meat found within a crab.", "Crab meat __knowledge__ It is used in many cuisines across the world, prized for its soft, delicate, sweet taste.", "Crab meat __knowledge__ Brown crab (\"Cancer pagurus\"), blue crabs (\"Callinectes sapidus\"), blue swimming crabs (\"Portunus pelagicus\"), and red swimming crabs (\"Portunus haanii\") are among the most commercially available species of crabmeat globally.", "Crab meat __knowledge__ In some fisheries, crab meat is harvested by declawing of crabs.", "Crab meat __knowledge__ This is the process whereby one or both claws of a live crab are manually pulled off and the animal is then returned to the water.", "Crab meat __knowledge__ The practice is defended because some crabs can naturally autotomise (shed) limbs and then about a year later after a series of moults, regenerate these limbs.", "Crab __knowledge__ Crabs are decapod crustaceans of the infraorder Brachyura, which typically have a very short projecting \"tail\" (abdomen) ( = short, = tail), usually entirely hidden under the thorax.", "Crab __knowledge__ They live in all the world's oceans, in fresh water, and on land, are generally covered with a thick exoskeleton and have a single pair of claws.", "Crab __knowledge__ Many other animals with similar names – such as hermit crabs, king crabs, porcelain crabs, horseshoe crabs, and crab lice – are not true crabs.", "Crab __knowledge__ Crabs are generally covered with a thick exoskeleton, composed primarily of highly mineralized chitin, and armed with a single pair of chelae (claws).", "Corn crab soup __knowledge__ Corn crab soup is a dish found in Chinese cuisine, American Chinese cuisine, and Canadian Chinese cuisine.", "Corn crab soup __knowledge__ The soup is actually cream of corn soup with egg white and crab meat or imitation crab meat added.", "Corn crab soup __knowledge__ It is most likely of southern Chinese origin.", "Corn crab soup __knowledge__ The soup may also be called crab meat and corn soup, sweet corn soup with crab meat, corn soup with crab meat, crab meat with sweet corn soup, or crab meat cream corn soup.", "Corn crab soup __knowledge__ This soup is found in Chinese restaurants in mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and some Southeast Asian nations such as Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam.", "Croquette __knowledge__ A croquette (US: /kroʊˈket/) is a small breadcrumbed fried food roll containing, usually as main ingredients, mashed potatoes or ground meat (veal, beef, chicken, or turkey), shellfish, fish, cheese, vegetables, and mixed with béchamel or brown sauce, and soaked white bread, egg, onion, spices and herbs, wine, milk, beer, or any of the combination thereof, sometimes with a filling, e.g.", "Croquette __knowledge__ sautéed onions, mushrooms, or boiled eggs (Scotch eggs).", "Croquette __knowledge__ The croquette is usually shaped into a cylinder, disk, or oval shape, and then deep-fried.", "Croquette __knowledge__ The croquette (from the French \"croquer\", \"to crunch\") gained worldwide popularity, both as a delicacy and as a fast food.", "Crab Louie __knowledge__ Crab Louie salad, also known as Crab Louis Salad or the King of Salads, is a type of salad featuring crab meat.", "Crab Louie __knowledge__ The recipe dates back to the early 1900s and originates on the West Coast of the United States.", "Crab Louie __knowledge__ The exact origins of the dish are uncertain, but it is known that Crab Louie was being served in San Francisco, at Solari's, as early as 1914.", "Crab Louie __knowledge__ A recipe for Crab Louie exists from this date in a publication entitled \"Bohemian San Francisco\" by Clarence E. Edwords, and for a similar \"Crabmeat a la Louise\" salad in the 1910 edition of a cookbook by Victor Hirtzler, head chef of the city's St. Francis Hotel.", "Phillips Foods, Inc. and Seafood Restaurants __knowledge__ Phillips Foods, Inc. and Seafood Restaurants is a family owned and operated seafood company in the mid-Atlantic region, United States.", "Phillips Foods, Inc. and Seafood Restaurants __knowledge__ Phillips Foods, Inc., seafood manufacturers as well as restaurateurs, specializes in crab meat and crab cakes, and produces a line of fish and shrimp products.", "Phillips Foods, Inc. and Seafood Restaurants __knowledge__ The company is headquartered in Baltimore, Maryland.", "Phillips Foods, Inc. and Seafood Restaurants __knowledge__ Phillips Seafood Restaurants have casual dining, buffet service and carryout.", "Phillips Foods, Inc. and Seafood Restaurants __knowledge__ In 1914, Augustus E. Phillips established the company's first seafood processing plant on Hooper's Island in Maryland’s Chesapeake Bay.", "Phillips Foods, Inc. and Seafood Restaurants __knowledge__ The A.E.", "Phillips Foods, Inc. and Seafood Restaurants __knowledge__ Phillips packing plant processed seafood from many of the watermen in the region.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu, also known as bean curd, is a food cultivated by coagulating soy milk and then pressing the resulting curds into soft white blocks.", "Tofu __knowledge__ It is a component in East Asian and Southeast Asian cuisines.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu can be soft, firm, or extra firm.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu has a subtle flavor and can be used in savory and sweet dishes.", "Tofu __knowledge__ It is often seasoned or marinated to suit the dish.", "Tofu __knowledge__ Tofu has a low calorie count and relatively large amounts of protein.", "Tofu __knowledge__ It is high in iron, and it can have a high calcium or magnesium content, depending on the coagulants used in manufacturing (e.g.", "Tofu __knowledge__ calcium chloride, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate).", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japanese cuisine encompasses the regional and traditional foods of Japan, which have developed through centuries of social and economic changes.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ The is based on rice with miso soup and other dishes; there is an emphasis on seasonal ingredients.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Side dishes often consist of fish, pickled vegetables, and vegetables cooked in broth.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood is common, often grilled, but also served raw as sashimi or in sushi.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Seafood and vegetables are also deep-fried in a light batter, as tempura.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Apart from rice, staples include noodles, such as soba and udon.", "Japanese cuisine __knowledge__ Japan also has many simmered dishes such as fish products in broth called oden, or beef in sukiyaki and nikujaga.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The history of sushi began with paddy fields in Southeast Asia, where fish was fermented with salt and rice, after which the rice was discarded.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The dish is today known as \"narezushi\", and was introduced to Japan around the Yayoi period.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ In the Muromachi period, people began to eat the rice as well as the fish.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ During the Edo period, vinegar rather than fermented rice began to be used.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ In pre-modern times and modern times, it has become a form of fast food strongly associated with Japanese culture.", "History of sushi __knowledge__ The earliest form of sushi, a dish today known as narezushi, has its probable origin with paddy fields along the Mekong river in Southeast Asia.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ , literally \"rotation sushi\", also called , is a form of sushi restaurant common in Japan.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ In Australasia, it is also known as a sushi train.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ Kaiten-zushi is a sushi restaurant where the plates with the sushi are placed on a rotating conveyor belt or moat that winds through the restaurant and moves past every table, counter and seat.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ Customers may place special orders, but most simply pick their selections from a steady stream of fresh sushi moving along the conveyor belt.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ The final bill is based on the number and type of plates of the consumed sushi.", "Conveyor belt sushi __knowledge__ Some restaurants use a fancier presentation such as miniature wooden \"sushi boats\" traveling small canals or miniature locomotive cars.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ A sushi machine or sushi robot is a mechanical device that automatically creates various styles of sushi.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ Several are electrically powered.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ Some sushi machines produce mounds of sushi rice for creating nigiri.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ This style of sushi machine may use a hopper that is filled with sushi rice, from where the rice is fed into the machine and the sushi rice mounds are formed and then ejected.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ After the rice mounds are ejected, sashimi and other ingredients are then manually placed atop them.", "Sushi machine __knowledge__ Some sushi machines can produce sushi rolls, whereby the machine automatically flattens rice into sheets, adds various ingredients such as sashimi, nori (edible seaweed) and vegetables, rolls them up and then slices the rolls into separate pieces.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesian cuisine is one of the most vibrant and colourful cuisines in the world, full of intense flavour.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ It is eclectic and diverse, in part because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 17,508 in the world's largest archipelago, with more than 300 ethnic groups calling Indonesia home.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Many regional cuisines exist, often based upon indigenous culture and foreign influences.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia has around 5,350 traditional recipes, with 30 of them considered the most important.", "Indonesian cuisine __knowledge__ Indonesia's cuisine may include rice, noodle and soup dishes in modest local eateries to street-side snacks and top-dollar plates." ] ]

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[ "Yes I love sushi but prefer mines made with brown rice how about you?", "It is very good you should try it I like the ginger and soy sauce heavy delicious.", "I recently just tried sushi with tofu and it was actually good and seasoned to make the sushi taste good. ", "A lot of people prefer it with seafood do you like it raw or cooked?" ]

[ "Sushi", "Sushi", "Sushi", "Sushi" ]